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Yang Y, Sun J, You H, Sun Y, Song Y, Shen Z, Liu T, Guan D, Zhou Y, Cheng S, Wang C, Yu G, Zhu C, Tang Z. Aloe-emodin relieves allergic contact dermatitis pruritus by inhibiting mast cell degranulation. Immunol Lett 2024; 270:106902. [PMID: 39181335 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2024.106902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Urushiol-induced allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease in which skin barrier dysfunction leads to pruritus and eczematous lesions. ACD is triggered by immune imbalance. Aloe emodin is an anthraquinone derivative extracted from rhubarb, aloe and other traditional Chinese medicines. It has a wide range of pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and anti-allergic effects. The purpose of our study was to demonstrate the effectiveness of aloe-emodin on urushiol-induced acute pruritus and allergic contact dermatitis. The results showed that urushiol could stimulate keratinocytes to release chemokines CXCL1, CXCL2, CCL2, TSLP, and TNF-α, which recruit or activate mast cells. Aloe-emodin treatment inhibited inflammatory-response-induced mast cell degranulation in skin lesions and suppressed the expression of inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-4, and interleukin-6. Therefore, the results indicate that aloe-emodin can improve urushiol-induced acute pruritus and allergic contact dermatitis in mice by inhibiting mast cell degranulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, JS, China
| | - Jianmei Sun
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, JS, China
| | - Huan You
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, JS, China
| | - Yuling Sun
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, JS, China; Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Yizhi Song
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, JS, China
| | - Zhouyang Shen
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, JS, China
| | - Tongtong Liu
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, JS, China
| | - Donglang Guan
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, JS, China
| | - Yuan Zhou
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, JS, China
| | - Shuo Cheng
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, JS, China
| | - Changming Wang
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, JS, China
| | - Guang Yu
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, JS, China
| | - Chan Zhu
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, JS, China.
| | - Zongxiang Tang
- School of Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, JS, China.
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2
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Aleksic M, Meng X. Protein Haptenation and Its Role in Allergy. Chem Res Toxicol 2024; 37:850-872. [PMID: 38834188 PMCID: PMC11187640 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.4c00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Humans are exposed to numerous electrophilic chemicals either as medicines, in the workplace, in nature, or through use of many common cosmetic and household products. Covalent modification of human proteins by such chemicals, or protein haptenation, is a common occurrence in cells and may result in generation of antigenic species, leading to development of hypersensitivity reactions. Ranging in severity of symptoms from local cutaneous reactions and rhinitis to potentially life-threatening anaphylaxis and severe hypersensitivity reactions such as Stephen-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), all these reactions have the same Molecular Initiating Event (MIE), i.e. haptenation. However, not all individuals who are exposed to electrophilic chemicals develop symptoms of hypersensitivity. In the present review, we examine common chemistry behind the haptenation reactions leading to formation of neoantigens. We explore simple reactions involving single molecule additions to a nucleophilic side chain of proteins and complex reactions involving multiple electrophilic centers on a single molecule or involving more than one electrophilic molecule as well as the generation of reactive molecules from the interaction with cellular detoxification mechanisms. Besides generation of antigenic species and enabling activation of the immune system, we explore additional events which result directly from the presence of electrophilic chemicals in cells, including activation of key defense mechanisms and immediate consequences of those reactions, and explore their potential effects. We discuss the factors that work in concert with haptenation leading to the development of hypersensitivity reactions and those that may act to prevent it from developing. We also review the potential harnessing of the specificity of haptenation in the design of potent covalent therapeutic inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Aleksic
- Safety
and Environmental Assurance Centre, Unilever,
Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedford MK44
1LQ, U.K.
| | - Xiaoli Meng
- MRC
Centre for Drug Safety Science, Department of Molecular and Clinical
Pharmacology, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GE, U.K.
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3
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Fritz B, Halling AS, Cort IDP, Christensen MO, Rønnstad ATM, Olesen CM, Knudgaard MH, Zachariae C, Heegaard S, Thyssen JP, Bjarnsholt T. RNA-sequencing of paired tape-strips and skin biopsies in atopic dermatitis reveals key differences. Allergy 2024; 79:1548-1559. [PMID: 38477552 DOI: 10.1111/all.16086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin tape-strips and biopsies are widely used methods for investigating the skin in atopic dermatitis (AD). Biopsies are more commonly used but can cause scarring and pain, whereas tape-strips are noninvasive but sample less tissue. The study evaluated the performance of skin tape-strips and biopsies for studying AD. METHODS Whole-transcriptome RNA-sequencing was performed on paired tape-strips and biopsies collected from lesional and non-lesional skin from AD patients (n = 7) and non-AD controls (n = 5). RNA yield, mapping efficiency, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) for the two methods (tape-strip/biopsy) and presence of AD (AD/non-AD) were compared. RESULTS Tape-strips demonstrated a lower RNA yield (22 vs. 4596 ng) and mapping efficiency to known genes (28% vs. 93%) than biopsies. Gene-expression profiles of paired tape-strips and biopsies demonstrated a medium correlation (R2 = 0.431). Tape-strips and biopsies demonstrated systematic differences in measured expression levels of 6483 genes across both AD and non-AD samples. Tape-strips preferentially detected many itch (CCL3/CCL4/OSM) and immune-response (CXCL8/IL4/IL5/IL22) genes as well as markers of epidermal dendritic cells (CD1a/CD207), while certain cytokines (IL18/IL37), skin-barrier genes (KRT2/FLG2), and dermal fibroblasts markers (COL1A/COL3A) were preferentially detected by biopsies. Tape-strips identified more DEGs between AD and non-AD (3157 DEGs) then biopsies (44 DEGs). Tape-strips also detected higher levels of bacterial mRNA than biopsies. CONCLUSIONS This study concludes that tape-strips and biopsies each demonstrate respective advantages for measuring gene-expression changes in AD. Thus, the specific skin layers and genes of interest should be considered before selecting either method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blaine Fritz
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | | | - Isabel Díaz-Pinés Cort
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | - Claus Zachariae
- Department of Allergy, Skin, and Venereology, Gentofte Hospital, Gentofte, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Steffen Heegaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Jacob P Thyssen
- Department of Dermatology, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen NV, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Thomas Bjarnsholt
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen N, Denmark
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4
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Emmanuel T, Ignatov B, Bertelsen T, Litman T, Nielsen MM, Brent MB, Touborg T, Rønsholdt AB, Petersen A, Boye M, Kaaber I, Sortebech D, Lybæk D, Steiniche T, Bregnhøj A, Eidsmo L, Iversen L, Johansen C. Secukinumab and Dead Sea Climatotherapy Impact Resolved Psoriasis Skin Differently Potentially Affecting Disease Memory. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6086. [PMID: 38892277 PMCID: PMC11172747 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Secukinumab and Dead Sea treatment result in clear skin for many psoriasis patients, through distinct mechanisms. However, recurrence in the same areas after treatments suggests the existence of a molecular scar. We aimed to compare the molecular and genetic differences in psoriasis patients who achieved complete response from secukinumab and Dead Sea climatotherapy treatments. We performed quantitative immunohistochemical and transcriptomic analysis, in addition to digital spatial profiling of skin punch biopsies. Histologically, both treatments resulted in a normalization of the lesional skin to a level resembling nonlesional skin. Interestingly, the transcriptome was not normalized by either treatments. We revealed 479 differentially expressed genes between secukinumab and Dead Sea climatotherapy at the end of treatment, with a psoriasis panel identifying SERPINB4, SERPINB13, IL36G, IL36RN, and AKR1B10 as upregulated in Dead Sea climatotherapy compared with secukinumab. Using digital spatial profiling, pan-RAS was observed to be differentially expressed in the microenvironment surrounding CD103+ cells, and IDO1 was differentially expressed in the dermis when comparing the two treatments. The differences observed between secukinumab and Dead Sea climatotherapy suggest the presence of a molecular scar, which may stem from mechanistically different pathways and potentially contribute to disease recurrence. This may be important for determining treatment response duration and disease memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Emmanuel
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; (T.B.); (T.T.); (A.B.R.); (A.P.); (M.B.); (I.K.); (D.L.); (A.B.); (L.I.); (C.J.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; (M.M.N.); (T.S.)
| | - Borislav Ignatov
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden; (B.I.); (D.S.); (L.E.)
| | - Trine Bertelsen
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; (T.B.); (T.T.); (A.B.R.); (A.P.); (M.B.); (I.K.); (D.L.); (A.B.); (L.I.); (C.J.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; (M.M.N.); (T.S.)
| | - Thomas Litman
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Copenhagen University, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Morten Muhlig Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; (M.M.N.); (T.S.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Bo Brent
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark;
| | - Toke Touborg
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; (T.B.); (T.T.); (A.B.R.); (A.P.); (M.B.); (I.K.); (D.L.); (A.B.); (L.I.); (C.J.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; (M.M.N.); (T.S.)
| | - Anders Benjamin Rønsholdt
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; (T.B.); (T.T.); (A.B.R.); (A.P.); (M.B.); (I.K.); (D.L.); (A.B.); (L.I.); (C.J.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; (M.M.N.); (T.S.)
| | - Annita Petersen
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; (T.B.); (T.T.); (A.B.R.); (A.P.); (M.B.); (I.K.); (D.L.); (A.B.); (L.I.); (C.J.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; (M.M.N.); (T.S.)
| | - Mette Boye
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; (T.B.); (T.T.); (A.B.R.); (A.P.); (M.B.); (I.K.); (D.L.); (A.B.); (L.I.); (C.J.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; (M.M.N.); (T.S.)
| | - Ida Kaaber
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; (T.B.); (T.T.); (A.B.R.); (A.P.); (M.B.); (I.K.); (D.L.); (A.B.); (L.I.); (C.J.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; (M.M.N.); (T.S.)
| | - Daniel Sortebech
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden; (B.I.); (D.S.); (L.E.)
| | - Dorte Lybæk
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; (T.B.); (T.T.); (A.B.R.); (A.P.); (M.B.); (I.K.); (D.L.); (A.B.); (L.I.); (C.J.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; (M.M.N.); (T.S.)
| | - Torben Steiniche
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; (M.M.N.); (T.S.)
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anne Bregnhøj
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; (T.B.); (T.T.); (A.B.R.); (A.P.); (M.B.); (I.K.); (D.L.); (A.B.); (L.I.); (C.J.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; (M.M.N.); (T.S.)
| | - Liv Eidsmo
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden; (B.I.); (D.S.); (L.E.)
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Iversen
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; (T.B.); (T.T.); (A.B.R.); (A.P.); (M.B.); (I.K.); (D.L.); (A.B.); (L.I.); (C.J.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; (M.M.N.); (T.S.)
| | - Claus Johansen
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; (T.B.); (T.T.); (A.B.R.); (A.P.); (M.B.); (I.K.); (D.L.); (A.B.); (L.I.); (C.J.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark; (M.M.N.); (T.S.)
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5
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Nazimek K, Bryniarski K. Macrophage Functions in Psoriasis: Lessons from Mouse Models. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5306. [PMID: 38791342 PMCID: PMC11121292 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a systemic autoimmune/autoinflammatory disease that can be well studied in established mouse models. Skin-resident macrophages are classified into epidermal Langerhans cells and dermal macrophages and are involved in innate immunity, orchestration of adaptive immunity, and maintenance of tissue homeostasis due to their ability to constantly shift their phenotype and adapt to the current microenvironment. Consequently, both macrophage populations play dual roles in psoriasis. In some circumstances, pro-inflammatory activated macrophages and Langerhans cells trigger psoriatic inflammation, while in other cases their anti-inflammatory stimulation results in amelioration of the disease. These features make macrophages interesting candidates for modern therapeutic strategies. Owing to the significant progress in knowledge, our review article summarizes current achievements and indicates future research directions to better understand the function of macrophages in psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Krzysztof Bryniarski
- Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-121 Krakow, Poland;
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6
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Ye JH, Chen YL, Ogg G. CD1a and skin T cells: a pathway for therapeutic intervention. Clin Exp Dermatol 2024; 49:450-458. [PMID: 38173286 PMCID: PMC11037390 DOI: 10.1093/ced/llad460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The CD1 and MR1 protein families present lipid antigens and small molecules to T cells, complementing well-studied major histocompatibility complex-peptide mechanisms. The CD1a subtype is highly and continuously expressed within the skin, most notably on Langerhans cells, and has been demonstrated to present self and foreign lipids to T cells, highlighting its cutaneous sentinel role. Alteration of CD1a-dependent T-cell responses has recently been discovered to contribute to the pathogenesis of several inflammatory skin diseases. In this review, we overview the structure and role of CD1a and outline the current evidence implicating CD1a in the development of psoriasis, atopic dermatitis and allergic contact dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- John H Ye
- MRC Translational Immune Discovery Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yi-Ling Chen
- MRC Translational Immune Discovery Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Graham Ogg
- MRC Translational Immune Discovery Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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7
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Bryan E, Teague JE, Eligul S, Arkins WC, Moody DB, Clark RA, Van Rhijn I. Human Skin T Cells Express Conserved T-Cell Receptors that Cross-React with Staphylococcal Superantigens and CD1a. J Invest Dermatol 2024; 144:833-843.e3. [PMID: 37951348 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.09.284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Human Langerhans cells highly express CD1a antigen-presenting molecules. To understand the functions of CD1a in human skin, we used CD1a tetramers to capture T cells and determine their effector functions and TCR patterns. Skin T cells from all donors showed CD1a tetramer staining, which in three cases exceeded 10% of skin T cells. CD1a tetramer-positive T cells produced diverse cytokines, including IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, IL-17, IL-22, and IFN-γ. Conserved TCRs often recognize nonpolymorphic antigen-presenting molecules, but no TCR motifs are known for CD1a. We detected highly conserved TCRs that used TRAV34 and TRBV28 variable genes, which is a known motif for recognition of staphylococcal enterotoxin B, a superantigen associated with atopic dermatitis. We found that these conserved TCRs did not respond to superantigen presented by CD1a, but instead showed a cross-reactive response with two targets: CD1a and staphylococcal enterotoxin B presented by classical major histocompatibility complex II. These studies identify a conserved human TCR motif for CD1a-reactive T cells. Furthermore, the demonstrated cross-reaction of T cells with two common skin-specific stimuli suggests a candidate mechanism by which CD1a and skin flora could synergize during natural immune response and in Staphylococcus-associated skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Bryan
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jessica E Teague
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sezin Eligul
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wellington C Arkins
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - D Branch Moody
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rachael A Clark
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ildiko Van Rhijn
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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8
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Sieminska I, Pieniawska M, Grzywa TM. The Immunology of Psoriasis-Current Concepts in Pathogenesis. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2024; 66:164-191. [PMID: 38642273 PMCID: PMC11193704 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-024-08991-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Psoriasis is one of the most common inflammatory skin diseases with a chronic, relapsing-remitting course. The last decades of intense research uncovered a pathological network of interactions between immune cells and other types of cells in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Emerging evidence indicates that dendritic cells, TH17 cells, and keratinocytes constitute a pathogenic triad in psoriasis. Dendritic cells produce TNF-α and IL-23 to promote T cell differentiation toward TH17 cells that produce key psoriatic cytokines IL-17, IFN-γ, and IL-22. Their activity results in skin inflammation and activation and hyperproliferation of keratinocytes. In addition, other cells and signaling pathways are implicated in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, including TH9 cells, TH22 cells, CD8+ cytotoxic cells, neutrophils, γδ T cells, and cytokines and chemokines secreted by them. New insights from high-throughput analysis of lesional skin identified novel signaling pathways and cell populations involved in the pathogenesis. These studies not only expanded our knowledge about the mechanisms of immune response and the pathogenesis of psoriasis but also resulted in a revolution in the clinical management of patients with psoriasis. Thus, understanding the mechanisms of immune response in psoriatic inflammation is crucial for further studies, the development of novel therapeutic strategies, and the clinical management of psoriasis patients. The aim of the review was to comprehensively present the dysregulation of immune response in psoriasis with an emphasis on recent findings. Here, we described the role of immune cells, including T cells, B cells, dendritic cells, neutrophils, monocytes, mast cells, and innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), as well as non-immune cells, including keratinocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and platelets in the initiation, development, and progression of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Sieminska
- University Centre of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Monika Pieniawska
- Institute of Human Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Tomasz M Grzywa
- Laboratory of Immunology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
- Department of Methodology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
- The Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA.
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9
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Rathakrishnan P, McShan AC. In silico identification and characterization of small molecule binding to the CD1d immunoreceptor. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-19. [PMID: 38109194 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2294388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
CD1 immunoreceptors are a non-classical major histocompatibility complex (MHC) that present antigens to T cells to elucidate immune responses against disease. The antigen repertoire of CD1 has been composed primarily of lipids until recently when CD1d-restricted T cells were shown to be activated by non-lipidic small molecules, such as phenyl pentamethyl dihydrobenzofuran sulfonate (PPBF) and related benzofuran sulfonates. To date structural insights into PPBF/CD1d interactions are lacking, so it is unknown whether small molecule and lipid antigens are presented and recognized through similar mechanisms. Furthermore, it is unknown whether CD1d can bind to and present a broader range of small molecule metabolites to T cells, acting out functions analogous to the MHC class I related protein MR1. Here, we perform in silico docking and molecular dynamics simulations to structurally characterize small molecule interactions with CD1d. PPBF was supported to be presented to T cell receptors through the CD1d F' pocket. Virtual screening of CD1d against more than 17,000 small molecules with diverse geometry and chemistry identified several novel scaffolds, including phytosterols, cholesterols, triterpenes, and carbazole alkaloids, that serve as candidate CD1d antigens. Protein-ligand interaction profiling revealed conserved residues in the CD1d F' pocket that similarly anchor small molecules and lipids. Our results suggest that CD1d could have the intrinsic ability to bind and present a broad range of small molecule metabolites to T cells to carry out its function beyond lipid antigen presentation.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew C McShan
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
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10
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Klosowski ML, Hughes KL, Moore AR. MUM1/IRF4 immunolabeling of neoplastic Langerhans histiocytes in a putative case of canine Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Vet Clin Pathol 2023; 52:670-675. [PMID: 37528067 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.13270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Langerhans cell histiocytosis is a systemic histiocytic proliferative disease with cutaneous manifestations which is well described in human medical literature and has relatively recently been reclassified as a neoplastic disorder. The diagnosis of canine Langerhans cell histiocytosis has been proposed in the veterinary literature to refer to a histiocytic proliferative disease in the dog with clinical and histopathologic features that mirror the human disease. However, reports that invoke this diagnosis are rare and often lack complete diagnostic characterization. This case report presents an extensive diagnostic investigation of a putative case of Langerhans cell histiocytosis in a 3-year-old male castrated Golden Retriever dog, including gross, cytologic, histopathologic, and immunohistochemical findings. Furthermore, we document that canine LCH may have positive immunolabeling for the transcription factor multiple myeloma oncogene 1/interferon regulatory factor 4 (MUM1/IRF4), which is classically used for the diagnosis of canine plasma cell neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika L Klosowski
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Kelly L Hughes
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - A Russell Moore
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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11
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Maseda D, Manfredo-Vieira S, Payne AS. T cell and bacterial microbiota interaction at intestinal and skin epithelial interfaces. DISCOVERY IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 2:kyad024. [PMID: 38567051 PMCID: PMC10917213 DOI: 10.1093/discim/kyad024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Maseda
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Silvio Manfredo-Vieira
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Aimee S Payne
- Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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12
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Huangfu L, Li R, Huang Y, Wang S. The IL-17 family in diseases: from bench to bedside. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:402. [PMID: 37816755 PMCID: PMC10564932 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01620-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The interleukin-17 (IL-17) family comprises six members (IL-17A-17F), and recently, all of its related receptors have been discovered. IL-17 was first discovered approximately 30 years ago. Members of this family have various biological functions, including driving an inflammatory cascade during infections and autoimmune diseases, as well as boosting protective immunity against various pathogens. IL-17 is a highly versatile proinflammatory cytokine necessary for vital processes including host immune defenses, tissue repair, inflammatory disease pathogenesis, and cancer progression. However, how IL-17 performs these functions remains controversial. The multifunctional properties of IL-17 have attracted research interest, and emerging data have gradually improved our understanding of the IL-17 signaling pathway. However, a comprehensive review is required to understand its role in both host defense functions and pathogenesis in the body. This review can aid researchers in better understanding the mechanisms underlying IL-17's roles in vivo and provide a theoretical basis for future studies aiming to regulate IL-17 expression and function. This review discusses recent progress in understanding the IL-17 signaling pathway and its physiological roles. In addition, we present the mechanism underlying IL-17's role in various pathologies, particularly, in IL-17-induced systemic lupus erythematosus and IL-17-related tumor cell transformation and metastasis. In addition, we have briefly discussed promising developments in the diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune diseases and tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longjie Huangfu
- School of Stomatology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Ruiying Li
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Stomatology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, P. R. China
| | - Yamei Huang
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Stomatology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, P. R. China
| | - Shan Wang
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Stomatology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, P. R. China.
- Department of Stomatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570216, P. R. China.
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13
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Ogg GS, Rossjohn J, Clark RA, Moody DB. CD1a and bound lipids drive T-cell responses in human skin disease. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2250333. [PMID: 37539748 PMCID: PMC10592190 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
In addition to serving as the main physical barrier with the outside world, human skin is abundantly infiltrated with resident αβ T cells that respond differently to self, infectious, microbiome, and noxious stimuli. To study skin T cells during infection and inflammation, experimental biologists track T-cell surface phenotypes and effector functions, which are often interpreted with the untested assumption that MHC proteins and peptide antigens drive measured responses. However, a broader perspective is that CD1 proteins also activate human T cells, and in skin, Langerhans cells (LCs) are abundant antigen presenting cells that express extremely high levels of CD1a. The emergence of new experimental tools, including CD1a tetramers carrying endogenous lipids, now show that CD1a-reactive T cells comprise a large population of resident T cells in human skin. Here, we review studies showing that skin-derived αβ T cells directly recognize CD1a proteins, and certain bound lipids, such as contact dermatitis allergens, trigger T-cell responses. Other natural skin lipids inhibit CD1a-mediated T-cell responses, providing an entry point for the development of therapeutic lipids that block T-cell responses. Increasing evidence points to a distinct role of CD1a in type 2 and 22 T-cell responses, providing new insights into psoriasis, contact dermatitis, and other T-cell-mediated skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham S. Ogg
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
| | - Rachael A. Clark
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - D. Branch Moody
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School
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14
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Kim S, Cho S, Kim JH. CD1-mediated immune responses in mucosal tissues: molecular mechanisms underlying lipid antigen presentation system. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:1858-1871. [PMID: 37696897 PMCID: PMC10545705 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01053-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The cluster of differentiation 1 (CD1) molecule differs from major histocompatibility complex class I and II because it presents glycolipid/lipid antigens. Moreover, the CD1-restricted T cells that recognize these self and foreign antigens participate in both innate and adaptive immune responses. CD1s are constitutively expressed by professional and nonprofessional antigen-presenting cells in mucosal tissues, namely, the skin, lung, and intestine. This suggests that CD1-reactive T cells are involved in the immune responses of these tissues. Indeed, evidence suggests that these cells play important roles in diverse diseases, such as inflammation, autoimmune disease, and infection. Recent studies elucidating the molecular mechanisms by which CD1 presents lipid antigens suggest that defects in these mechanisms could contribute to the activities of CD1-reactive T cells. Thus, improving our understanding of these mechanisms could lead to new and effective therapeutic approaches to CD1-associated diseases. In this review, we discuss the CD1-mediated antigen presentation system and its roles in mucosal tissue immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seohyun Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sumin Cho
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyung Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Yamaguchi HL, Yamaguchi Y, Peeva E. Role of Innate Immunity in Allergic Contact Dermatitis: An Update. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12975. [PMID: 37629154 PMCID: PMC10455292 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of allergic contact dermatitis mechanisms has progressed over the past decade. Innate immune cells that are involved in the pathogenesis of allergic contact dermatitis include Langerhans cells, dermal dendritic cells, macrophages, mast cells, innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils. ILCs can be subcategorized as group 1 (natural killer cells; ILC1) in association with Th1, group 2 (ILC2) in association with Th2, and group 3 (lymphoid tissue-inducer cells; ILC3) in association with Th17. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) including toll-like receptors (TLRs) and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs) in innate immune cells recognize damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and cascade the signal to produce several cytokines and chemokines including tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-α, IFN-γ, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-12, IL-13, IL-17, IL-18, and IL-23. Here we discuss the recent findings showing the roles of the innate immune system in allergic contact dermatitis during the sensitization and elicitation phases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuji Yamaguchi
- Inflammation & Immunology Research Unit, Pfizer, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA
| | - Elena Peeva
- Inflammation & Immunology Research Unit, Pfizer, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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16
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Shahine A, Van Rhijn I, Rossjohn J, Moody DB. CD1 displays its own negative regulators. Curr Opin Immunol 2023; 83:102339. [PMID: 37245411 PMCID: PMC10527790 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2023.102339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
After two decades of the study of lipid antigens that activate CD1-restricted T cells, new studies show how autoreactive αβ T-cell receptors (TCRs) can directly recognize the outer surface of CD1 proteins in ways that are lipid-agnostic. Most recently, this lipid agnosticism has turned to negativity, with the discovery of natural CD1 ligands that dominantly negatively block autoreactive αβ TCR binding to CD1a and CD1d. This review highlights the basic differences between positive and negative regulation of cellular systems. We outline strategies to discover lipid inhibitors of CD1-reactive T cells, whose roles in vivo are becoming clear, especially in CD1-mediated skin disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Shahine
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Ildiko Van Rhijn
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
| | - D Branch Moody
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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17
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Kang J, Kim M, Yoon DY, Kim WS, Choi SJ, Kwon YN, Kim WS, Park SH, Sung JJ, Park M, Lee JS, Park JE, Kim SM. AXL +SIGLEC6 + dendritic cells in cerebrospinal fluid and brain tissues of patients with autoimmune inflammatory demyelinating disease of CNS. Clin Immunol 2023; 253:109686. [PMID: 37414380 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2023.109686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory demyelinating disease of the CNS (IDD) is a heterogeneous group of autoimmune diseases, and multiple sclerosis is the most common type. Dendritic cells (DCs), major antigen-presenting cells, have been proposed to play a central role in the pathogenesis of IDD. The AXL+SIGLEC6+ DC (ASDC) has been only recently identified in humans and has a high capability of T cell activation. Nevertheless, its contribution to CNS autoimmunity remains still obscure. Here, we aimed to identify the ASDC in diverse sample types from IDD patients and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). A detailed analysis of DC subpopulations using single-cell transcriptomics for the paired cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood samples of IDD patients (total n = 9) revealed that three subtypes of DCs (ASDCs, ACY3+ DCs, and LAMP3+ DCs) were overrepresented in CSF compared with their paired blood. Among these DCs, ASDCs were also more abundant in CSF of IDD patients than in controls, manifesting poly-adhesional and stimulatory characteristics. In the brain biopsied tissues of IDD patients, obtained at the acute attack of disease, ASDC were also frequently found in close contact with T cells. Lastly, the frequency of ASDC was found to be temporally more abundant in acute attack of disease both in CSF samples of IDD patients and in tissues of EAE, an animal model for CNS autoimmunity. Our analysis suggests that the ASDC might be involved in the pathogenesis of CNS autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junho Kang
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Moonhang Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Young Yoon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Seok Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Jin Choi
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Nam Kwon
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Seok Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hye Park
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Joon Sung
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myungsun Park
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Seok Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Eun Park
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung-Min Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Chen YL, Ng JSW, Ottakandathil Babu R, Woo J, Nahler J, Hardman CS, Kurupati P, Nussbaum L, Gao F, Dong T, Ladell K, Price DA, Duncan DA, Johnson D, Gileadi U, Koohy H, Ogg GS. Group A Streptococcus induces CD1a-autoreactive T cells and promotes psoriatic inflammation. Sci Immunol 2023; 8:eadd9232. [PMID: 37267382 PMCID: PMC7615662 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.add9232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Group A Streptococcus (GAS) infection is associated with multiple clinical sequelae, including different subtypes of psoriasis. Such post-streptococcal disorders have been long known but are largely unexplained. CD1a is expressed at constitutively high levels by Langerhans cells and presents lipid antigens to T cells, but the potential relevance to GAS infection has not been studied. Here, we investigated whether GAS-responsive CD1a-restricted T cells contribute to the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Healthy individuals had high frequencies of circulating and cutaneous GAS-responsive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells with rapid effector functions, including the production of interleukin-22 (IL-22). Human skin and blood single-cell CITE-seq analyses of IL-22-producing T cells showed a type 17 signature with proliferative potential, whereas IFN-γ-producing T cells displayed cytotoxic T lymphocyte characteristics. Furthermore, individuals with psoriasis had significantly higher frequencies of circulating GAS-reactive T cells, enriched for markers of activation, cytolytic potential, and tissue association. In addition to responding to GAS, subsets of expanded GAS-reactive T cell clones/lines were found to be autoreactive, which included the recognition of the self-lipid antigen lysophosphatidylcholine. CD8+ T cell clones/lines produced cytolytic mediators and lysed infected CD1a-expressing cells. Furthermore, we established cutaneous models of GAS infection in a humanized CD1a transgenic mouse model and identified enhanced and prolonged local and systemic inflammation, with resolution through a psoriasis-like phenotype. Together, these findings link GAS infection to the CD1a pathway and show that GAS infection promotes the proliferation and activation of CD1a-autoreactive T cells, with relevance to post-streptococcal disease, including the pathogenesis and treatment of psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ling Chen
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jessica Soo Weei Ng
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Rosana Ottakandathil Babu
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jeongmin Woo
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Janina Nahler
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Clare S Hardman
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Prathiba Kurupati
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lea Nussbaum
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Fei Gao
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- CAMS-Oxford International Centre for Translational Immunology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tao Dong
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- CAMS-Oxford International Centre for Translational Immunology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kristin Ladell
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - David A Price
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - David A Duncan
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - David Johnson
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals National Health Services Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Uzi Gileadi
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Hashem Koohy
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Alan Turing Fellow in Health and Medicine, Oxford, UK
| | - Graham S Ogg
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- CAMS-Oxford International Centre for Translational Immunology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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19
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Hua C, Liang Q, Chen S, Zhu J, Tang Y, Chen X, Song Y, van der Veen S, Cheng H. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell treatment alleviates symptoms in an atopic dermatitis-like mouse model. Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 14:147. [PMID: 37248497 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03365-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most common immune and inflammatory skin disorders, leading to insufferable itching and skin abnormalities that seriously affect life quality of patients. There are still huge unmet needs for long-term and effective disease control, despite currently available therapies. Evidenced by some preclinical and clinical studies of AD treatment with stem cells, stem cell treatment could significantly and effectively ameliorate AD symptoms. OBJECTIVES To elucidate underlying mechanisms of how stem cells therapy alleviates AD-like symptoms. METHODS An AD-like mouse model was constructed and treated with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) subcutaneously or subcutaneously combined with intravenously. The differentially expressed genes were sorted out from RNA sequencing results of dorsal skin and blood. RESULTS Two injection routes of MSCs could alleviate AD-like symptoms and pathologic changes of the skin and immune organs. RNA sequencing of dorsal skin sections and blood provided gene expression signatures for amelioration of skin defects, inflammatory and immune modulation by MSCs, as well as common AD molecular markers for the skin and blood, which may benefit for clinical diagnosis. IL-1β and its signaling pathway were specifically found to be associated with the development of AD-like dermatitis lesions. MSC treatment effectively inhibited the JAK-STAT pathway and receptors of IL-4, IL-13, IL-17, and IgE. CONCLUSIONS MSC therapy could regulate abnormal immune and inflammatory status in AD. Mechanistic exploration will contribute to the development of personalized AD treatment based on MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunting Hua
- Department of Dermatology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qichang Liang
- Department of Dermatology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Siji Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiang Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Tang
- Department of Dermatology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xianzhen Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yinjing Song
- Department of Dermatology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Stijn van der Veen
- Department of Dermatology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Department of Microbiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Hao Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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20
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Wegrecki M. CD1a-mediated immunity from a molecular perspective. Mol Immunol 2023; 158:43-53. [PMID: 37116273 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2023.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Human CD1a is a non-polymorphic glycoprotein that presents lipid antigens to T cells. The most obvious role of CD1a is associated with its expression on Langerhans cells in epidermis, where it is involved in responses to pathogens. Antigen-specific T cells are believed to co-recognise CD1a presenting bacterial antigens such as species of lipopeptides from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Further, human skin contains large amount of endogenous lipids that can activate distinct subsets of CD1a-restricted autoreactive T cells, mostly belonging to the αβ lineage, which are abundant in human blood and skin and are important for skin homeostasis in healthy individuals. CD1a and CD1a-restricted T cells have been linked to certain autoimmune conditions such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis and contact hypersensitivity becoming a potential candidate for clinical interventions. A significant progress has been made in the last twenty years towards our understanding of the molecular processes that orchestrate CD1a-lipid binding, antigen presentation and mechanism of CD1a recognition by αβ and γδ T cells. This review summarises the recent developments within the field of CD1a-mediated immunity from a molecular perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Wegrecki
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
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21
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Yamamoto K, Hakoi H, Nomura S, Murakami M. The Roles of sPLA 2s in Skin Homeostasis and Disease. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13040668. [PMID: 37189415 DOI: 10.3390/biom13040668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the phospholipase A2 (PLA2) family, the secreted PLA2 (sPLA2) family in mammals contains 11 members that exhibit unique tissue or cellular distributions and enzymatic properties. Current studies using knockout and/or transgenic mice for a nearly full set of sPLA2s, in combination with comprehensive lipidomics, have revealed the diverse pathophysiological roles of sPLA2s in various biological events. Individual sPLA2s exert specific functions within tissue microenvironments, likely through the hydrolysis of extracellular phospholipids. Lipids are an essential biological component for skin homeostasis, and disturbance of lipid metabolism by deletion or overexpression of lipid-metabolizing enzymes or lipid-sensing receptors often leads to skin abnormalities that are easily visible on the outside. Over the past decades, our studies using knockout and transgenic mice for various sPLA2s have uncovered several new aspects of these enzymes as modulators of skin homeostasis and disease. This article summarizes the roles of several sPLA2s in skin pathophysiology, providing additional insight into the research fields of sPLA2s, lipids, and skin biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minami-jyosanjima, Tokushima 770-8513, Japan
| | - Haruka Hakoi
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minami-jyosanjima, Tokushima 770-8513, Japan
| | - Saki Nomura
- Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minami-jyosanjima, Tokushima 770-8513, Japan
| | - Makoto Murakami
- Laboratory of Microenvironmental and Metabolic Health Sciences, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
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22
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Caracciolo D, Mancuso A, Polerà N, Froio C, D'Aquino G, Riillo C, Tagliaferri P, Tassone P. The emerging scenario of immunotherapy for T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: advances, challenges and future perspectives. Exp Hematol Oncol 2023; 12:5. [PMID: 36624522 PMCID: PMC9828428 DOI: 10.1186/s40164-022-00368-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is a challenging pediatric and adult haematologic disease still associated with an unsatisfactory cure rate. Unlike B-ALL, the availability of novel therapeutic options to definitively improve the life expectancy for relapsed/resistant patients is poor. Indeed, the shared expression of surface targets among normal and neoplastic T-cells still limits the efficacy and may induce fratricide effects, hampering the use of innovative immunotherapeutic strategies. However, novel monoclonal antibodies, bispecific T-cell engagers (BTCEs), and chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) T-cells recently showed encouraging results and some of them are in an advanced stage of pre-clinical development or are currently under investigation in clinical trials. Here, we review this exciting scenario focusing on most relevant advances, challenges, and perspectives of the emerging landscape of immunotherapy of T-cell malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Caracciolo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonia Mancuso
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Polerà
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Caterina Froio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giuseppe D'Aquino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Caterina Riillo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Pierfrancesco Tassone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy.
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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23
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Abstract
IL-17 cytokine family members have diverse biological functions, promoting protective immunity against many pathogens but also driving inflammatory pathology during infection and autoimmunity. IL-17A and IL-17F are produced by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, γδ T cells, and various innate immune cell populations in response to IL-1β and IL-23, and they mediate protective immunity against fungi and bacteria by promoting neutrophil recruitment, antimicrobial peptide production and enhanced barrier function. IL-17-driven inflammation is normally controlled by regulatory T cells and the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10, TGFβ and IL-35. However, if dysregulated, IL-17 responses can promote immunopathology in the context of infection or autoimmunity. Moreover, IL-17 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many other disorders with an inflammatory basis, including cardiovascular and neurological diseases. Consequently, the IL-17 pathway is now a key drug target in many autoimmune and chronic inflammatory disorders; therapeutic monoclonal antibodies targeting IL-17A, both IL-17A and IL-17F, the IL-17 receptor, or IL-23 are highly effective in some of these diseases. However, new approaches are needed to specifically regulate IL-17-mediated immunopathology in chronic inflammation and autoimmunity without compromising protective immunity to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kingston H G Mills
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Science Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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24
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Fanti S, Stephenson E, Rocha-Vieira E, Protonotarios A, Kanoni S, Shahaj E, Longhi MP, Vyas VS, Dyer C, Pontarini E, Asimaki A, Bueno-Beti C, De Gaspari M, Rizzo S, Basso C, Bombardieri M, Coe D, Wang G, Harding D, Gallagher I, Solito E, Elliott P, Heymans S, Sikking M, Savvatis K, Mohiddin SA, Marelli-Berg FM. Circulating c-Met-Expressing Memory T Cells Define Cardiac Autoimmunity. Circulation 2022; 146:1930-1945. [PMID: 36417924 PMCID: PMC9770129 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.121.055610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autoimmunity is increasingly recognized as a key contributing factor in heart muscle diseases. The functional features of cardiac autoimmunity in humans remain undefined because of the challenge of studying immune responses in situ. We previously described a subset of c-mesenchymal epithelial transition factor (c-Met)-expressing (c-Met+) memory T lymphocytes that preferentially migrate to cardiac tissue in mice and humans. METHODS In-depth phenotyping of peripheral blood T cells, including c-Met+ T cells, was undertaken in groups of patients with inflammatory and noninflammatory cardiomyopathies, patients with noncardiac autoimmunity, and healthy controls. Validation studies were carried out using human cardiac tissue and in an experimental model of cardiac inflammation. RESULTS We show that c-Met+ T cells are selectively increased in the circulation and in the myocardium of patients with inflammatory cardiomyopathies. The phenotype and function of c-Met+ T cells are distinct from those of c-Met-negative (c-Met-) T cells, including preferential proliferation to cardiac myosin and coproduction of multiple cytokines (interleukin-4, interleukin-17, and interleukin-22). Furthermore, circulating c-Met+ T cell subpopulations in different heart muscle diseases identify distinct and overlapping mechanisms of heart inflammation. In experimental autoimmune myocarditis, elevations in autoantigen-specific c-Met+ T cells in peripheral blood mark the loss of immune tolerance to the heart. Disease development can be halted by pharmacologic c-Met inhibition, indicating a causative role for c-Met+ T cells. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that the detection of circulating c-Met+ T cells may have use in the diagnosis and monitoring of adaptive cardiac inflammation and definition of new targets for therapeutic intervention when cardiac autoimmunity causes or contributes to progressive cardiac injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Fanti
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (S.F., E. Stephenson, E.R.-V., S.K., E. Shahaj, M.P.L., V.S.V., C.D., E.P., M.B., D.C., G.W., D.H., E. Solito, K.S., S.A.M., F.M.M.-B.), Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Edward Stephenson
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (S.F., E. Stephenson, E.R.-V., S.K., E. Shahaj, M.P.L., V.S.V., C.D., E.P., M.B., D.C., G.W., D.H., E. Solito, K.S., S.A.M., F.M.M.-B.), Queen Mary University of London, UK
- Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, St Bartholomew’s Hospital, West Smithfield, London (E. Stephenson, A.P., V.S.V., D.H., P.E., K.S., S.A.M.)
| | - Etel Rocha-Vieira
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (S.F., E. Stephenson, E.R.-V., S.K., E. Shahaj, M.P.L., V.S.V., C.D., E.P., M.B., D.C., G.W., D.H., E. Solito, K.S., S.A.M., F.M.M.-B.), Queen Mary University of London, UK
- Federal University of Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil (E.R.-V.)
| | - Alexandros Protonotarios
- Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, St Bartholomew’s Hospital, West Smithfield, London (E. Stephenson, A.P., V.S.V., D.H., P.E., K.S., S.A.M.)
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, UK (A.P., P.E.)
| | - Stavroula Kanoni
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (S.F., E. Stephenson, E.R.-V., S.K., E. Shahaj, M.P.L., V.S.V., C.D., E.P., M.B., D.C., G.W., D.H., E. Solito, K.S., S.A.M., F.M.M.-B.), Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Eriomina Shahaj
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (S.F., E. Stephenson, E.R.-V., S.K., E. Shahaj, M.P.L., V.S.V., C.D., E.P., M.B., D.C., G.W., D.H., E. Solito, K.S., S.A.M., F.M.M.-B.), Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - M. Paula Longhi
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (S.F., E. Stephenson, E.R.-V., S.K., E. Shahaj, M.P.L., V.S.V., C.D., E.P., M.B., D.C., G.W., D.H., E. Solito, K.S., S.A.M., F.M.M.-B.), Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Vishal S. Vyas
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (S.F., E. Stephenson, E.R.-V., S.K., E. Shahaj, M.P.L., V.S.V., C.D., E.P., M.B., D.C., G.W., D.H., E. Solito, K.S., S.A.M., F.M.M.-B.), Queen Mary University of London, UK
- Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, St Bartholomew’s Hospital, West Smithfield, London (E. Stephenson, A.P., V.S.V., D.H., P.E., K.S., S.A.M.)
| | - Carlene Dyer
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (S.F., E. Stephenson, E.R.-V., S.K., E. Shahaj, M.P.L., V.S.V., C.D., E.P., M.B., D.C., G.W., D.H., E. Solito, K.S., S.A.M., F.M.M.-B.), Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Elena Pontarini
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (S.F., E. Stephenson, E.R.-V., S.K., E. Shahaj, M.P.L., V.S.V., C.D., E.P., M.B., D.C., G.W., D.H., E. Solito, K.S., S.A.M., F.M.M.-B.), Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Angeliki Asimaki
- Molecular and Clinical Science Institute, St George’s, University of London, UK (A.A., C.B.-B.)
| | - Carlos Bueno-Beti
- Molecular and Clinical Science Institute, St George’s, University of London, UK (A.A., C.B.-B.)
| | - Monica De Gaspari
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua Medical School, Italy (M.D.G., S.R., C.B.)
| | - Stefania Rizzo
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua Medical School, Italy (M.D.G., S.R., C.B.)
| | - Cristina Basso
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua Medical School, Italy (M.D.G., S.R., C.B.)
| | - Michele Bombardieri
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (S.F., E. Stephenson, E.R.-V., S.K., E. Shahaj, M.P.L., V.S.V., C.D., E.P., M.B., D.C., G.W., D.H., E. Solito, K.S., S.A.M., F.M.M.-B.), Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - David Coe
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (S.F., E. Stephenson, E.R.-V., S.K., E. Shahaj, M.P.L., V.S.V., C.D., E.P., M.B., D.C., G.W., D.H., E. Solito, K.S., S.A.M., F.M.M.-B.), Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Guosu Wang
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (S.F., E. Stephenson, E.R.-V., S.K., E. Shahaj, M.P.L., V.S.V., C.D., E.P., M.B., D.C., G.W., D.H., E. Solito, K.S., S.A.M., F.M.M.-B.), Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Daniel Harding
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (S.F., E. Stephenson, E.R.-V., S.K., E. Shahaj, M.P.L., V.S.V., C.D., E.P., M.B., D.C., G.W., D.H., E. Solito, K.S., S.A.M., F.M.M.-B.), Queen Mary University of London, UK
- Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, St Bartholomew’s Hospital, West Smithfield, London (E. Stephenson, A.P., V.S.V., D.H., P.E., K.S., S.A.M.)
| | - Iain Gallagher
- Faculty of Health Sciences & Sport, University of Stirling, UK (I.G.)
| | - Egle Solito
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (S.F., E. Stephenson, E.R.-V., S.K., E. Shahaj, M.P.L., V.S.V., C.D., E.P., M.B., D.C., G.W., D.H., E. Solito, K.S., S.A.M., F.M.M.-B.), Queen Mary University of London, UK
- Department of Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, University of Naples “Federico II,” Italy (E. Solito)
| | - Perry Elliott
- Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, St Bartholomew’s Hospital, West Smithfield, London (E. Stephenson, A.P., V.S.V., D.H., P.E., K.S., S.A.M.)
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, UK (A.P., P.E.)
| | - Stephane Heymans
- Maastricht University Medical Centre, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, the Netherlands (S.H., M.S.)
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Centre for Vascular and Molecular Biology, KU Leuven, Belgium (S.H.)
| | - Maurits Sikking
- Maastricht University Medical Centre, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, the Netherlands (S.H., M.S.)
| | - Konstantinos Savvatis
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (S.F., E. Stephenson, E.R.-V., S.K., E. Shahaj, M.P.L., V.S.V., C.D., E.P., M.B., D.C., G.W., D.H., E. Solito, K.S., S.A.M., F.M.M.-B.), Queen Mary University of London, UK
- Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, St Bartholomew’s Hospital, West Smithfield, London (E. Stephenson, A.P., V.S.V., D.H., P.E., K.S., S.A.M.)
| | - Saidi A. Mohiddin
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (S.F., E. Stephenson, E.R.-V., S.K., E. Shahaj, M.P.L., V.S.V., C.D., E.P., M.B., D.C., G.W., D.H., E. Solito, K.S., S.A.M., F.M.M.-B.), Queen Mary University of London, UK
- Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, St Bartholomew’s Hospital, West Smithfield, London (E. Stephenson, A.P., V.S.V., D.H., P.E., K.S., S.A.M.)
| | - Federica M. Marelli-Berg
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry (S.F., E. Stephenson, E.R.-V., S.K., E. Shahaj, M.P.L., V.S.V., C.D., E.P., M.B., D.C., G.W., D.H., E. Solito, K.S., S.A.M., F.M.M.-B.), Queen Mary University of London, UK
- Centre for Inflammation and Therapeutic Innovation (F.M.M.-B.), Queen Mary University of London, UK
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25
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Neagu M, Constantin C, Jugulete G, Cauni V, Dubrac S, Szöllősi AG, Zurac S. Langerhans Cells-Revising Their Role in Skin Pathologies. J Pers Med 2022; 12:2072. [PMID: 36556292 PMCID: PMC9782496 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12122072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Langerhans cells (LCs) constitute a cellular immune network across the epidermis. Because they are located at the skin barrier, they are considered immune sentinels of the skin. These antigen-presenting cells are capable of migrating to skin draining lymph nodes to prime adaptive immune cells, namely T- and B-lymphocytes, which will ultimately lead to a broad range of immune responses. Moreover, LCs have been shown to possess important roles in the anti-cancer immune responses. Indeed, the literature nicely highlights the role of LCs in melanoma. In line with this, LCs have been found in melanoma tissues where they contribute to the local immune response. Moreover, the immunogenic properties of LCs render them attractive targets for designing vaccines to treat melanoma and autoimmune diseases. Overall, future studies will help to enlarge the portfolio of immune properties of LCs, and aid the prognosis and development of novel therapeutic approaches to treating skin pathologies, including cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Neagu
- Immunology Department, “Victor Babes” National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Pathology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 76201 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Carolina Constantin
- Immunology Department, “Victor Babes” National Institute of Pathology, 050096 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Pathology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gheorghita Jugulete
- Department of Infectious Diseases, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Clinical Section IX—Pediatrics, “Prof. Dr. Matei Balş” National Institute for Infectious Diseases, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Victor Cauni
- Department of Urology, Colentina University Hospital, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sandrine Dubrac
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Attila Gábor Szöllősi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Sabina Zurac
- Department of Pathology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, 020125 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Pathology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
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26
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Hardman CS, Chen YL, Wegrecki M, Ng SW, Murren R, Mangat D, Silva JP, Munro R, Chan WY, O'Dowd V, Doyle C, Mori P, Popplewell A, Rossjohn J, Lightwood D, Ogg GS. CD1a promotes systemic manifestations of skin inflammation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7535. [PMID: 36477177 PMCID: PMC9729296 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35071-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory skin conditions are increasingly recognised as being associated with systemic inflammation. The mechanisms connecting the cutaneous and systemic disease are not well understood. CD1a is a virtually monomorphic major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-like molecule, highly expressed by skin and mucosal Langerhans cells, and presents lipid antigens to T-cells. Here we show an important role for CD1a in linking cutaneous and systemic inflammation in two experimental disease models. In human CD1a transgenic mice, the toll-like receptor (TLR)7 agonist imiquimod induces more pronounced splenomegaly, expansion of the peripheral blood and spleen T cell compartments, and enhanced neutrophil and eosinophil responses compared to the wild-type, accompanied by elevated skin and plasma cytokine levels, including IL-23, IL-1α, IL-1β, MCP-1 and IL-17A. Similar systemic escalation is shown in MC903-induced skin inflammation. The exacerbated inflammation could be counter-acted by CD1a-blocking antibodies, developed and screened in our laboratories. The beneficial effect is epitope dependent, and we further characterise the five best-performing antibodies for their capacity to modulate CD1a-expressing cells and ameliorate CD1a-dependent systemic inflammatory responses. In summary, we show that a therapeutically targetable CD1a-dependent pathway may play a role in the systemic spread of cutaneous inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare S Hardman
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yi-Ling Chen
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Marcin Wegrecki
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Soo Weei Ng
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Carl Doyle
- UCB Pharma, 208 Bath Road, Slough, SL1 3WE, UK
| | | | | | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | | | - Graham S Ogg
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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27
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Cichoń MA, Pfisterer K, Leitner J, Wagner L, Staud C, Steinberger P, Elbe-Bürger A. Interoperability of RTN1A in dendrite dynamics and immune functions in human Langerhans cells. eLife 2022; 11:e80578. [PMID: 36223176 PMCID: PMC9555864 DOI: 10.7554/elife.80578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin is an active immune organ where professional antigen-presenting cells such as epidermal Langerhans cells (LCs) link innate and adaptive immune responses. While Reticulon 1A (RTN1A) was recently identified in LCs and dendritic cells in cutaneous and lymphoid tissues of humans and mice, its function is still unclear. Here, we studied the involvement of this protein in cytoskeletal remodeling and immune responses toward pathogens by stimulation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in resident LCs (rLCs) and emigrated LCs (eLCs) in human epidermis ex vivo and in a transgenic THP-1 RTN1A+ cell line. Hampering RTN1A functionality through an inhibitory antibody induced significant dendrite retraction of rLCs and inhibited their emigration. Similarly, expression of RTN1A in THP-1 cells significantly altered their morphology, enhanced aggregation potential, and inhibited the Ca2+ flux. Differentiated THP-1 RTN1A+ macrophages exhibited long cell protrusions and a larger cell body size in comparison to wild-type cells. Further, stimulation of epidermal sheets with bacterial lipoproteins (TLR1/2 and TLR2 agonists) and single-stranded RNA (TLR7 agonist) resulted in the formation of substantial clusters of rLCs and a significant decrease of RTN1A expression in eLCs. Together, our data indicate involvement of RTN1A in dendrite dynamics and structural plasticity of primary LCs. Moreover, we discovered a relation between activation of TLRs, clustering of LCs, and downregulation of RTN1A within the epidermis, thus indicating an important role of RTN1A in LC residency and maintaining tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karin Pfisterer
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Judith Leitner
- Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Lena Wagner
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Clement Staud
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Peter Steinberger
- Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
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28
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The Roles of Skin Langerhans Cells in Immune Tolerance and Cancer Immunity. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10091380. [PMID: 36146458 PMCID: PMC9503294 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10091380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Langerhans cells (LC) are a unique population of tissue-resident macrophages with dendritic cell (DC) functionality that form a network of cells across the epidermis of the skin. Their location at the skin barrier suggests an important role for LC as immune sentinels at the skin surface. The classification of LC as DC over the past few decades has driven the scientific community to extensively study how LC function as DC-like cells that prime T cell immunity. However, LC are a unique type of tissue-resident macrophages, and recent evidence also supports an immunoregulatory role of LC at steady state and during specific inflammatory conditions, highlighting the impact of cutaneous environment in shaping LC functionality. In this mini review, we discuss the recent literature on the immune tolerance function of LC in homeostasis and disease conditions, including malignant transformation and progression; as well as LC functional plasticity for adaption to microenvironmental cues and the potential connection between LC population heterogeneity and functional diversity. Future investigation into the molecular mechanisms that LC use to integrate different microenvironment cues and adapt immunological responses for controlling LC functional plasticity is needed for future breakthroughs in tumor immunology, vaccine development, and treatments for inflammatory skin diseases.
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29
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Knox S, Hagvall L, Malmberg P, O'Boyle NM. Topical Application of Metal Allergens Induces Changes to Lipid Composition of Human Skin. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2022; 4:867163. [PMID: 36004357 PMCID: PMC9393847 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2022.867163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids are an important constituent of skin and are known to be modified in many skin diseases including psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. The direct effects of common metallic contact allergens on the lipid composition of skin has never been investigated, to the best of our knowledge. We describe skin lipid profiles in the stratum corneum and viable epidermis of ex vivo human skin from a female donor upon exposure to three metal allergens (nickel, cobalt and chromium) visualised using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS), which allows for simultaneous visualisation of both the allergen and skin components such as lipids. Multivariate analysis using partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) indicated that the lipid profile of metal-treated skin was different to non-treated skin. Analysis of individual ions led to the discovery that cobalt and chromium induced increases in the content of diacylglycerols (DAG) in stratum corneum. Cobalt also induced increases in cholesterol in both the stratum corneum and viable epidermis, as well as monoacylglycerols (MAG) in the viable epidermis. Chromium caused an increase in DAG in viable epidermis in addition to the stratum corneum. In contrast, nickel decreased MAG and DAG levels in viable epidermis. Our results indicate that skin lipid content is likely to be altered upon topical exposure to metals. This discovery has potential implications for the molecular mechanisms by which contact allergens cause skin sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Knox
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panoz Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Lina Hagvall
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per Malmberg
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Niamh M. O'Boyle
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panoz Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- *Correspondence: Niamh M. O'Boyle,
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30
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Newman H, Teachey DT. A Bright Horizon: Immunotherapy for Pediatric T-Cell Malignancies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:8600. [PMID: 35955734 PMCID: PMC9369002 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has transformed the treatment of hematologic malignancies in the past two decades. The treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), in particular, has been highly impacted by multiple novel immunotherapies. For pediatric patients with T-cell malignancies, translating immunotherapies has proved more challenging due to the complexities of fratricide, risk of product contamination with malignant cells, and concerns over T-cell aplasia. Despite these hurdles, many creative and promising strategies are on the horizon. We review challenges in the development of immunotherapy for T-cell malignancies, strategies to overcome these challenges, as well as therapies currently being investigated and starting to reach the clinic. Immunotherapy will hopefully successfully treat patients with relapsed and refractory T-cell malignancies and may someday be incorporated in up-front protocols in order to prevent relapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haley Newman
- Division of Oncology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - David T. Teachey
- Division of Oncology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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31
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Wegrecki M, Ocampo TA, Gunasinghe SD, von Borstel A, Tin SY, Reijneveld JF, Cao TP, Gully BS, Le Nours J, Moody DB, Van Rhijn I, Rossjohn J. Atypical sideways recognition of CD1a by autoreactive γδ T cell receptors. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3872. [PMID: 35790773 PMCID: PMC9256601 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31443-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
CD1a is a monomorphic antigen-presenting molecule on dendritic cells that presents lipids to αβ T cells. Whether CD1a represents a ligand for other immune receptors remains unknown. Here we use CD1a tetramers to show that CD1a is a ligand for Vδ1+ γδ T cells. Functional studies suggest that two γδ T cell receptors (TCRs) bound CD1a in a lipid-independent manner. The crystal structures of three Vγ4Vδ1 TCR-CD1a-lipid complexes reveal that the γδ TCR binds at the extreme far side and parallel to the long axis of the β-sheet floor of CD1a's antigen-binding cleft. Here, the γδ TCR co-recognises the CD1a heavy chain and β2 microglobulin in a manner that is distinct from all other previously observed γδ TCR docking modalities. The 'sideways' and lipid antigen independent mode of autoreactive CD1a recognition induces TCR clustering on the cell surface and proximal T cell signalling as measured by CD3ζ phosphorylation. In contrast with the 'end to end' binding of αβ TCRs that typically contact carried antigens, autoreactive γδ TCRs support geometrically diverse approaches to CD1a, as well as antigen independent recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Wegrecki
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tonatiuh A Ocampo
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, US
| | - Sachith D Gunasinghe
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Australia Node in Single Molecule Science, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anouk von Borstel
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shin Yi Tin
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Josephine F Reijneveld
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, US
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Thinh-Phat Cao
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Benjamin S Gully
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jérôme Le Nours
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - D Branch Moody
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, US.
| | - Ildiko Van Rhijn
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation, and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, US.
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK.
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32
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Riillo C, Caracciolo D, Grillone K, Polerà N, Tuccillo FM, Bonelli P, Juli G, Ascrizzi S, Scionti F, Arbitrio M, Lopreiato M, Siciliano MA, Sestito S, Talarico G, Galea E, Galati MC, Pensabene L, Loprete G, Rossi M, Ballerini A, Gentile M, Britti D, Di Martino MT, Tagliaferri P, Tassone P. A Novel Bispecific T-Cell Engager (CD1a x CD3ε) BTCE Is Effective against Cortical-Derived T Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (T-ALL) Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2886. [PMID: 35740552 PMCID: PMC9221015 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14122886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive malignancy burdened by poor prognosis. While huge progress of immunotherapy has recently improved the outcome of B-cell malignancies, the lack of tumor-restricted T-cell antigens still hampers its progress in T-ALL. Therefore, innovative immunotherapeutic agents are eagerly awaited. To this end, we generated a novel asymmetric (2 + 1) bispecific T-cell engager (BTCE) targeting CD1a and CD3ε (CD1a x CD3ε) starting from the development of a novel mAb named UMG2. UMG2 mAb reacts against CD1a, a glycoprotein highly expressed by cortical T-ALL cells. Importantly, no UMG2 binding was found on normal T-cells. CD1a x CD3ε induced high T-cell mediated cytotoxicity against CD1a+ T-ALL cells in vitro, as demonstrated by the concentration-dependent increase of T-cell proliferation, degranulation, induction of cell surface activation markers, and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Most importantly, in a PBMC-reconstituted NGS mouse model bearing human T-ALL, CD1a x CD3ε significantly inhibited the growth of human T-ALL xenografts, translating into a significant survival advantage of treated animals. In conclusion, CD1a x CD3ε is a novel BTCE highly active against CD1a-expressing cortical-derived T-ALL cells suitable for clinical development as an effective therapeutic option for this rare and aggressive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Riillo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.R.); (D.C.); (K.G.); (N.P.); (G.J.); (S.A.); (M.L.); (M.A.S.); (M.R.); (M.T.D.M.); (P.T.)
| | - Daniele Caracciolo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.R.); (D.C.); (K.G.); (N.P.); (G.J.); (S.A.); (M.L.); (M.A.S.); (M.R.); (M.T.D.M.); (P.T.)
| | - Katia Grillone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.R.); (D.C.); (K.G.); (N.P.); (G.J.); (S.A.); (M.L.); (M.A.S.); (M.R.); (M.T.D.M.); (P.T.)
| | - Nicoletta Polerà
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.R.); (D.C.); (K.G.); (N.P.); (G.J.); (S.A.); (M.L.); (M.A.S.); (M.R.); (M.T.D.M.); (P.T.)
| | - Franca Maria Tuccillo
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (F.M.T.); (P.B.)
| | - Patrizia Bonelli
- Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (F.M.T.); (P.B.)
| | - Giada Juli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.R.); (D.C.); (K.G.); (N.P.); (G.J.); (S.A.); (M.L.); (M.A.S.); (M.R.); (M.T.D.M.); (P.T.)
| | - Serena Ascrizzi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.R.); (D.C.); (K.G.); (N.P.); (G.J.); (S.A.); (M.L.); (M.A.S.); (M.R.); (M.T.D.M.); (P.T.)
| | - Francesca Scionti
- Institute of Research and Biomedical Innovation (IRIB), Italian National Council (CNR), 98164 Messina, Italy;
| | - Mariamena Arbitrio
- Institute of Research and Biomedical Innovation (IRIB), Italian National Council (CNR), 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Mariangela Lopreiato
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.R.); (D.C.); (K.G.); (N.P.); (G.J.); (S.A.); (M.L.); (M.A.S.); (M.R.); (M.T.D.M.); (P.T.)
| | - Maria Anna Siciliano
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.R.); (D.C.); (K.G.); (N.P.); (G.J.); (S.A.); (M.L.); (M.A.S.); (M.R.); (M.T.D.M.); (P.T.)
| | - Simona Sestito
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Græcia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.S.); (L.P.)
| | - Gabriella Talarico
- Immunotransfusion Service Unit, Pugliese-Ciaccio Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Eulalia Galea
- Pediatric Hemato-Oncology Unit, Pugliese-Ciaccio Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (E.G.); (M.C.G.)
| | - Maria Concetta Galati
- Pediatric Hemato-Oncology Unit, Pugliese-Ciaccio Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (E.G.); (M.C.G.)
| | - Licia Pensabene
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Græcia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.S.); (L.P.)
| | - Giovanni Loprete
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (G.L.); (D.B.)
| | - Marco Rossi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.R.); (D.C.); (K.G.); (N.P.); (G.J.); (S.A.); (M.L.); (M.A.S.); (M.R.); (M.T.D.M.); (P.T.)
| | | | | | - Domenico Britti
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (G.L.); (D.B.)
| | - Maria Teresa Di Martino
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.R.); (D.C.); (K.G.); (N.P.); (G.J.); (S.A.); (M.L.); (M.A.S.); (M.R.); (M.T.D.M.); (P.T.)
| | - Pierosandro Tagliaferri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.R.); (D.C.); (K.G.); (N.P.); (G.J.); (S.A.); (M.L.); (M.A.S.); (M.R.); (M.T.D.M.); (P.T.)
| | - Pierfrancesco Tassone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.R.); (D.C.); (K.G.); (N.P.); (G.J.); (S.A.); (M.L.); (M.A.S.); (M.R.); (M.T.D.M.); (P.T.)
- College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
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Kase M, Fujita Y, Ota A, Shimizu S, Itoi-Ochi S, Sano S. Loss of epidermal Langerhans cells in psoriasiform lesions of de novo induced or worsened pre-existing psoriasis following uses of immune checkpoint inhibitors. J Dermatol 2022; 49:916-920. [PMID: 35545886 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.16427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), including monoclonal antibodies to programmed death 1, programmed death ligand 1, and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4, have provided great therapeutic benefits for cancer patients at advanced stages. However, the introduction of ICI frequently results in the development of immune-related adverse events (irAE) through activation of autoreactive T cells. Here, we present three cases of cancer patients with cutaneous irAE, including development of de novo psoriasis and exacerbation of pre-existing psoriasis. Interestingly, these patients shared an altered histological feature characterized by loss of epidermal CD1a+ cells, namely Langerhans cells (LC), in the psoriasiform lesions in contrast to "conventional psoriasis" exhibiting unchanged or activated LC. A possible underlying mechanism was that ICI-mediated hyperactivation of effector T cells contributed to aggravation or establishment of psoriasis phenotype, which might be associated with direct cytotoxicity or expulsion of LC from the epidermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misaki Kase
- Department of Dermatology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Fujita
- Department of Dermatology, Sapporo City General Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Asako Ota
- Department of Dermatology, Suita Municipal Hospital, Suita, Japan
| | - Satoko Shimizu
- Department of Dermatology, Sapporo City General Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Saori Itoi-Ochi
- Department of Dermatology, Suita Municipal Hospital, Suita, Japan
| | - Shigetoshi Sano
- Department of Dermatology, Kochi Medical School, Kochi University, Nankoku, Japan
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34
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Genardi S, Morgun E, Wang CR. CD1-Restricted T Cells in Inflammatory Skin Diseases. J Invest Dermatol 2022; 142:768-773. [PMID: 34130802 PMCID: PMC8665943 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmunity results from the breaking of immune tolerance, leading to inflammation and pathology. Although well studied in the conventional T-cell field, the role of nonconventional T cells in autoimmunity is less understood. CD1-restricted T cells recognize lipid antigens rather than peptide antigens and have been implicated in various autoimmune skin conditions, including psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. In this review, we will discuss the self-lipids that CD1-restricted T cells recognize and how these T cells become aberrantly regulated in pathogenic skin conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Genardi
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Eva Morgun
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Chyung-Ru Wang
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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35
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Pavel P, Blunder S, Moosbrugger-Martinz V, Elias PM, Dubrac S. Atopic Dermatitis: The Fate of the Fat. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2121. [PMID: 35216234 PMCID: PMC8880331 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic and relapsing inflammatory skin disease in which dry and itchy skin may develop into skin lesions. AD has a strong genetic component, as children from parents with AD have a two-fold increased chance of developing the disease. Genetic risk loci and epigenetic modifications reported in AD mainly locate to genes involved in the immune response and epidermal barrier function. However, AD pathogenesis cannot be fully explained by (epi)genetic factors since environmental triggers such as stress, pollution, microbiota, climate, and allergens also play a crucial role. Alterations of the epidermal barrier in AD, observed at all stages of the disease and which precede the development of overt skin inflammation, manifest as: dry skin; epidermal ultrastructural abnormalities, notably anomalies of the lamellar body cargo system; and abnormal epidermal lipid composition, including shorter fatty acid moieties in several lipid classes, such as ceramides and free fatty acids. Thus, a compelling question is whether AD is primarily a lipid disorder evolving into a chronic inflammatory disease due to genetic susceptibility loci in immunogenic genes. In this review, we focus on lipid abnormalities observed in the epidermis and blood of AD patients and evaluate their primary role in eliciting an inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Pavel
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (P.P.); (S.B.); (V.M.-M.)
| | - Stefan Blunder
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (P.P.); (S.B.); (V.M.-M.)
| | - Verena Moosbrugger-Martinz
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (P.P.); (S.B.); (V.M.-M.)
| | - Peter M. Elias
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA;
| | - Sandrine Dubrac
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Innsbruck, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (P.P.); (S.B.); (V.M.-M.)
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36
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Peil J, Bock F, Kiefer F, Schmidt R, Heindl LM, Cursiefen C, Schlereth SL. New Therapeutic Approaches for Conjunctival Melanoma-What We Know So Far and Where Therapy Is Potentially Heading: Focus on Lymphatic Vessels and Dendritic Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1478. [PMID: 35163401 PMCID: PMC8835854 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Conjunctival melanoma (CM) accounts for 5% of all ocular melanomas and arises from malignantly transformed melanocytes in the conjunctival epithelium. Current therapies using surgical excision in combination with chemo- or cryotherapy still have high rates for recurrences and metastatic disease. Lately, novel signal transduction-targeted and immune checkpoint inhibitors like cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) inhibitors, programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) receptor inhibitors, BRAF- or MEK-inhibitors for systemic treatment of melanoma have improved the outcome even for unresectable cutaneous melanoma, improving patient survival dramatically. The use of these therapies is now also recommended for CM; however, the immunological background of CM is barely known, underlining the need for research to better understand the immunological basics when treating CM patients with immunomodulatory therapies. Immune checkpoint inhibitors activate tumor defense by interrupting inhibitory interactions between tumor cells and T lymphocytes at the so-called checkpoints. The tumor cells exploit these inhibitory targets on T-cells that are usually used by dendritic cells (DCs). DCs are antigen-presenting cells at the forefront of immune response induction. They contribute to immune tolerance and immune defense but in the case of tumor development, immune tolerance is often prevalent. Enhancing the immune response via DCs, interfering with the lymphatic pathways during immune cell migration and tumor development and specifically targeting tumor cells is a major therapeutic opportunity for many tumor entities including CM. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the function of lymphatic vessels in tumor growth and immune cell transport and continues to compare DC subsets in CM with related melanomas, such as cutaneous melanoma and mucosal melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Peil
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (J.P.); (F.B.); (L.M.H.); (C.C.)
| | - Felix Bock
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (J.P.); (F.B.); (L.M.H.); (C.C.)
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Friedemann Kiefer
- European Institute for Molecular Imaging (EIMI), University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany;
| | - Rebecca Schmidt
- Department of Oral, Maxillofacial and Plastic Facial Surgery, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
| | - Ludwig M. Heindl
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (J.P.); (F.B.); (L.M.H.); (C.C.)
| | - Claus Cursiefen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (J.P.); (F.B.); (L.M.H.); (C.C.)
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Simona L. Schlereth
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; (J.P.); (F.B.); (L.M.H.); (C.C.)
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
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Itchy Toxicodendron Plant Dermatitis. ALLERGIES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/allergies2010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants such as the Toxicodendron species, consisting of poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac, largely contribute to allergic contact dermatitis with itch as a predominate symptom. Many individuals are affected by this skin condition, with approximately 50% to 70% of adults in North America demonstrating a degree of clinical sensitivity to this species of plants. In this review, we discuss the prevalence, pathophysiology, and clinical features of this contact dermatitis, as well as both treatment and prevention directed towards alleviation of itch. Updated research is emphasized throughout this review, although it is evident that this field is evolving, and more research is necessary to enhance treatment.
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Ledwon JK, Vaca EE, Huang CC, Kelsey LJ, McGrath JL, Topczewski J, Gosain AK, Topczewska JM. Langerhans cells and SFRP2/Wnt/beta-catenin signalling control adaptation of skin epidermis to mechanical stretching. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:764-775. [PMID: 35019227 PMCID: PMC8817127 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Skin can be mechanically stimulated to grow through a clinical procedure called tissue expansion (TE). Using a porcine TE model, we determined that expansion promptly activates transcription of SFRP2 in skin and we revealed that in the epidermis, this protein is secreted by Langerhans cells (LCs). Similar to well‐known mechanosensitive genes, the increase in SFRP2 expression was proportional to the magnitude of tension, showing a spike at the apex of the expanded skin. This implies that SFRP2 might be a newly discovered effector of mechanotransduction pathways. In addition, we found that acute stretching induces accumulation of b‐catenin in the nuclei of basal keratinocytes (KCs) and LCs, indicating Wnt signalling activation, followed by cell proliferation. Moreover, TE‐activated LCs proliferate and migrate into the suprabasal layer of skin, suggesting that LCs rebuild their steady network within the growing epidermis. We demonstrated that in vitro hrSFRP2 treatment on KCs inhibits Wnt/b‐catenin signalling and stimulates KC differentiation. In parallel, we observed an accumulation of KRT10 in vivo in the expanded skin, pointing to TE‐induced, SFRP2‐augmented KC maturation. Overall, our results reveal that a network of LCs delivers SFRP2 across the epidermis to fine‐tune Wnt/b‐catenin signalling to restore epidermal homeostasis disrupted by TE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna K Ledwon
- Department of Surgery, Plastic Surgery Division, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Elbert E Vaca
- Department of Surgery, Plastic Surgery Division, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Chiang C Huang
- University of Wisconsin, Joseph J Zilber School of Public Health, Milwaukee, Illinois, USA
| | - Lauren J Kelsey
- Department of Surgery, Plastic Surgery Division, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jennifer L McGrath
- Department of Surgery, Plastic Surgery Division, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jacek Topczewski
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Arun K Gosain
- Department of Surgery, Plastic Surgery Division, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jolanta M Topczewska
- Department of Surgery, Plastic Surgery Division, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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39
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Aparicio-Soto M, Curato C, Riedel F, Thierse HJ, Luch A, Siewert K. In Vitro Monitoring of Human T Cell Responses to Skin Sensitizing Chemicals-A Systematic Review. Cells 2021; 11:cells11010083. [PMID: 35011644 PMCID: PMC8750770 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Chemical allergies are T cell-mediated diseases that often manifest in the skin as allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). To prevent ACD on a public health scale and avoid elicitation reactions at the individual patient level, predictive and diagnostic tests, respectively, are indispensable. Currently, there is no validated in vitro T cell assay available. The main bottlenecks concern the inefficient generation of T cell epitopes and the detection of rare antigen-specific T cells. Methods: Here, we systematically review original experimental research papers describing T cell activation to chemical skin sensitizers. We focus our search on studies published in the PubMed and Scopus databases on non-metallic allergens in the last 20 years. Results: We identified 37 papers, among them 32 (86%) describing antigen-specific human T cell activation to 31 different chemical allergens. The remaining studies measured the general effects of chemical allergens on T cell function (five studies, 14%). Most antigen-specific studies used peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) as antigen-presenting cells (APC, 75%) and interrogated the blood T cell pool (91%). Depending on the individual chemical properties, T cell epitopes were generated either by direct administration into the culture medium (72%), separate modification of autologous APC (29%) or by use of hapten-modified model proteins (13%). Read-outs were mainly based on proliferation (91%), often combined with cytokine secretion (53%). The analysis of T cell clones offers additional opportunities to elucidate the mechanisms of epitope formation and cross-reactivity (13%). The best researched allergen was p-phenylenediamine (PPD, 12 studies, 38%). For this and some other allergens, stronger immune responses were observed in some allergic patients (15/31 chemicals, 48%), illustrating the in vivo relevance of the identified T cells while detection limits remain challenging in many cases. Interpretation: Our results illustrate current hardships and possible solutions to monitoring T cell responses to individual chemical skin sensitizers. The provided data can guide the further development of T cell assays to unfold their full predictive and diagnostic potential, including cross-reactivity assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Aparicio-Soto
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, 10589 Berlin, Germany; (M.A.-S.); (C.C.); (F.R.); (H.-J.T.); (A.L.)
| | - Caterina Curato
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, 10589 Berlin, Germany; (M.A.-S.); (C.C.); (F.R.); (H.-J.T.); (A.L.)
| | - Franziska Riedel
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, 10589 Berlin, Germany; (M.A.-S.); (C.C.); (F.R.); (H.-J.T.); (A.L.)
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hermann-Josef Thierse
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, 10589 Berlin, Germany; (M.A.-S.); (C.C.); (F.R.); (H.-J.T.); (A.L.)
| | - Andreas Luch
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, 10589 Berlin, Germany; (M.A.-S.); (C.C.); (F.R.); (H.-J.T.); (A.L.)
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Katherina Siewert
- Department of Chemical and Product Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, 10589 Berlin, Germany; (M.A.-S.); (C.C.); (F.R.); (H.-J.T.); (A.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)30-18412-57001
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40
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Mitchell J, Kannourakis G. Does CD1a Expression Influence T Cell Function in Patients With Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis? Front Immunol 2021; 12:773598. [PMID: 34956202 PMCID: PMC8702800 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.773598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Langerhans cell histiocytosis lesions are characterized by CD1a+ myeloid lineage LCH cells and an inflammatory infiltrate of cytokines and immune cells, including T cells. T cells that recognize CD1a may be implicated in the pathology of many disease states including cancer and autoimmunity but have not been studied in the context of LCH despite the expression of CD1a by LCH cells. In this perspective article, we discuss the expression of CD1a by LCH cells, and we explore the potential for T cells that recognize CD1a to be involved in LCH pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenée Mitchell
- Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Ballarat, VIC, Australia
| | - George Kannourakis
- Fiona Elsey Cancer Research Institute, Ballarat, VIC, Australia
- Federation University Australia, Ballarat, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: George Kannourakis,
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41
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Giza HM, Bozzacco L. Unboxing dendritic cells: Tales of multi-faceted biology and function. Immunology 2021; 164:433-449. [PMID: 34309853 PMCID: PMC8517577 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Often referred to as the bridge between innate and adaptive immunity, dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that constitute a unique, yet complex cell system. Among other APCs, DCs display the unique property of inducing protective immune responses against invading microbes, or cancer cells, while safeguarding the proper homeostatic equilibrium of the immune system and maintaining self-tolerance. Unsurprisingly, DCs play a role in many diseases such as autoimmunity, allergy, infectious disease and cancer. This makes them attractive but challenging targets for therapeutics. Since their initial discovery, research and understanding of DC biology have flourished. We now recognize the presence of multiple subsets of DCs distributed across tissues. Recent studies of phenotype and gene expression at the single cell level have identified heterogeneity even within the same DC type, supporting the idea that DCs have evolved to greatly expand the flexibility of the immune system to react appropriately to a wide range of threats. This review is meant to serve as a quick and robust guide to understand the basic divisions of DC subsets and their role in the immune system. Between mice and humans, there are some differences in how these subsets are identified and function, and we will point out specific distinctions as necessary. Throughout the text, we are using both fundamental and therapeutic lens to describe overlaps and distinctions and what this could mean for future research and therapies.
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42
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Pacheco R, Quezada SA, Kalergis AM, Becker MI, Ferreira J, De Ioannes AE. Allergens of the urushiol family promote mitochondrial dysfunction by inhibiting the electron transport at the level of cytochromes b and chemically modify cytochrome c 1. Biol Res 2021; 54:35. [PMID: 34711292 PMCID: PMC8554850 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-021-00357-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Urushiols are pro-electrophilic haptens that cause severe contact dermatitis mediated by CD8+ effector T-cells and downregulated by CD4+ T-cells. However, the molecular mechanism by which urushiols stimulate innate immunity in the initial stages of this allergic reaction is poorly understood. Here we explore the sub-cellular mechanisms by which urushiols initiate the allergic response. Results Electron microscopy observations of mouse ears exposed to litreol (3-n-pentadecyl-10-enyl-catechol]) showed keratinocytes containing swollen mitochondria with round electron-dense inclusion bodies in the matrix. Biochemical analyses of sub-mitochondrial fractions revealed an inhibitory effect of urushiols on electron flow through the mitochondrial respiratory chain, which requires both the aliphatic and catecholic moieties of these allergens. Moreover, urushiols extracted from poison ivy/oak (mixtures of 3-n-pentadecyl-8,11,13 enyl/3-n-heptadecyl-8,11 enyl catechol) exerted a higher inhibitory effect on mitochondrial respiration than did pentadecyl catechol or litreol, indicating that the higher number of unsaturations in the aliphatic chain, stronger the allergenicity of urushiols. Furthermore, the analysis of radioactive proteins isolated from mitochondria incubated with 3H-litreol, indicated that this urushiol was bound to cytochrome c1. According to the proximity of cytochromes c1 and b, functional evidence indicated the site of electron flow inhibition was within complex III, in between cytochromes bL (cyt b566) and bH (cyt b562). Conclusion Our data provide functional and molecular evidence indicating that the interruption of the mitochondrial electron transport chain constitutes an important mechanism by which urushiols initiates the allergic response. Thus, mitochondria may constitute a source of cellular targets for generating neoantigens involved in the T-cell mediated allergy induced by urushiols. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40659-021-00357-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Pacheco
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunología, Fundación Ciencia & Vida, Santiago, Chile. .,Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Sergio A Quezada
- Cancer Immunology Unit, University College London (UCL) Cancer Institute, London, England, UK
| | - Alexis M Kalergis
- Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Departamento de Endocrinología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Inés Becker
- Fundación Ciencia y Tecnología para el Desarrollo (FUCITED), Santiago, Chile.,Department of Research and Development, Biosonda Corporation, Santiago, Chile.,Faculty of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Materials, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge Ferreira
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alfredo E De Ioannes
- Department of Research and Development, Biosonda Corporation, Santiago, Chile.,Faculty of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Department of Chemical Engineering, Biotechnology and Materials, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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43
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Wilson PA, Santos Franco S, He L, Galwey NW, Meakin J, McIntyre R, McHugh SM, Nolan MA, Spain SL, Carlson T, Lobera M, Rubio JP, Davis B, McCarthy LC. Transcriptomic effects of rs4845604, an IBD and allergy-associated RORC variant, in stimulated ex vivo CD4+ T cells. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0258316. [PMID: 34673799 PMCID: PMC8530322 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
RORγt is an isoform of RORC, preferentially expressed in Th17 cells, that functions as a critical regulator of type 3 immunity. As murine Th17-driven inflammatory disease models were greatly diminished in RORC knock-out mice, this receptor was prioritised as an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of several autoimmune diseases. Human genetic studies indicate a significant contributory role for RORC in several human disease conditions. Furthermore, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) report a significant association between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and the RORC regulatory variant rs4845604. To investigate if the rs4845604 variant may affect CD4+ T cell differentiation events, naïve CD4+ T cells were isolated from eighteen healthy subjects homozygous for the rs4845604 minor (A) or major (G) allele). Isolated cells from each subject were differentiated into distinct T cell lineages by culturing in either T cell maintenance medium or Th17 driving medium conditions for six days in the presence of an RORC inverse agonist (to prevent constitutive receptor activity) or an inactive diastereomer (control). Our proof of concept study indicated that genotype had no significant effect on the mean number of naïve CD4 T cells isolated, nor the frequency of Th1-like and Th17-like cells following six days of culture in any of the four culture conditions. Analysis of the derived RNA-seq count data identified genotype-driven transcriptional effects in each of the four culture conditions. Subsequent pathway enrichment analysis of these profiles reported perturbation of metabolic signalling networks, with the potential to affect the cellular detoxification response. This investigation reveals that rs4845604 genotype is associated with transcriptional effects in CD4+ T cells that may perturb immune and metabolic pathways. Most significantly, the rs4845604 GG, IBD risk associated, genotype may be associated with a differential detoxification response. This observation justifies further investigation in a larger cohort of both healthy and IBD-affected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A. Wilson
- Human Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline Medicine Research Centre, Stevenage, England
| | - Sara Santos Franco
- Clinical Unit Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Centre for Clinical Investigation, GlaxoSmithKline, Cambridge, England
| | - Liu He
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas W. Galwey
- Research Statistics, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, England
| | - Jackie Meakin
- Functional Genomics, GlaxoSmithKline Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, England
| | | | - Simon M. McHugh
- Clinical Unit Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Centre for Clinical Investigation, GlaxoSmithKline, Cambridge, England
| | | | | | - Thaddeus Carlson
- Adaptive Immunity, GSK Pharma Research & Development, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Mercedes Lobera
- Adaptive Immunity, GSK Pharma Research & Development, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - Justin P. Rubio
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bill Davis
- Clinical Unit Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Centre for Clinical Investigation, GlaxoSmithKline, Cambridge, England
| | - Linda C. McCarthy
- Human Genetics, GlaxoSmithKline Medicine Research Centre, Stevenage, England
- * E-mail:
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44
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Almeida CF, Smith DGM, Cheng TY, Harpur CM, Batleska E, Nguyen-Robertson CV, Nguyen T, Thelemann T, Reddiex SJJ, Li S, Eckle SBG, Van Rhijn I, Rossjohn J, Uldrich AP, Moody DB, Williams SJ, Pellicci DG, Godfrey DI. Benzofuran sulfonates and small self-lipid antigens activate type II NKT cells via CD1d. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2104420118. [PMID: 34417291 PMCID: PMC8403964 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2104420118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer T (NKT) cells detect lipids presented by CD1d. Most studies focus on type I NKT cells that express semi-invariant αβ T cell receptors (TCR) and recognize α-galactosylceramides. However, CD1d also presents structurally distinct lipids to NKT cells expressing diverse TCRs (type II NKT cells), but our knowledge of the antigens for type II NKT cells is limited. An early study identified a nonlipidic NKT cell agonist, phenyl pentamethyldihydrobenzofuransulfonate (PPBF), which is notable for its similarity to common sulfa drugs, but its mechanism of NKT cell activation remained unknown. Here, we demonstrate that a range of pentamethylbenzofuransulfonates (PBFs), including PPBF, activate polyclonal type II NKT cells from human donors. Whereas these sulfa drug-like molecules might have acted pharmacologically on cells, here we demonstrate direct contact between TCRs and PBF-treated CD1d complexes. Further, PBF-treated CD1d tetramers identified type II NKT cell populations expressing αβTCRs and γδTCRs, including those with variable and joining region gene usage (TRAV12-1-TRAJ6) that was conserved across donors. By trapping a CD1d-type II NKT TCR complex for direct mass-spectrometric analysis, we detected molecules that allow the binding of CD1d to TCRs, finding that both selected PBF family members and short-chain sphingomyelin lipids are present in these complexes. Furthermore, the combination of PPBF and short-chain sphingomyelin enhances CD1d tetramer staining of PPBF-reactive T cell lines over either molecule alone. This study demonstrates that nonlipidic small molecules, which resemble sulfa drugs implicated in systemic hypersensitivity and drug allergy reactions, are targeted by a polyclonal population of type II NKT cells in a CD1d-restricted manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina F Almeida
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia;
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Dylan G M Smith
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Tan-Yun Cheng
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunity and Inflammation, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Chris M Harpur
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Elena Batleska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Catriona V Nguyen-Robertson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Tram Nguyen
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Tamara Thelemann
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Scott J J Reddiex
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Shihan Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Sidonia B G Eckle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Ildiko Van Rhijn
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunity and Inflammation, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Utrecht, 3584CL Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Infection and Immunity Program, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Adam P Uldrich
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - D Branch Moody
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunity and Inflammation, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115;
| | - Spencer J Williams
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia;
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
- Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Daniel G Pellicci
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia;
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Dale I Godfrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia;
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
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Cotton RN, Wegrecki M, Cheng TY, Chen YL, Veerapen N, Le Nours J, Orgill DP, Pomahac B, Talbot SG, Willis R, Altman JD, de Jong A, Van Rhijn I, Clark RA, Besra GS, Ogg G, Rossjohn J, Moody DB. CD1a selectively captures endogenous cellular lipids that broadly block T cell response. J Exp Med 2021; 218:e20202699. [PMID: 33961028 PMCID: PMC8111460 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20202699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We optimized lipidomics methods to broadly detect endogenous lipids bound to cellular CD1a proteins. Whereas membrane phospholipids dominate in cells, CD1a preferentially captured sphingolipids, especially a C42, doubly unsaturated sphingomyelin (42:2 SM). The natural 42:2 SM but not the more common 34:1 SM blocked CD1a tetramer binding to T cells in all human subjects tested. Thus, cellular CD1a selectively captures a particular endogenous lipid that broadly blocks its binding to TCRs. Crystal structures show that the short cellular SMs stabilized a triad of surface residues to remain flush with CD1a, but the longer lipids forced the phosphocholine group to ride above the display platform to hinder TCR approach. Whereas nearly all models emphasize antigen-mediated T cell activation, we propose that the CD1a system has intrinsic autoreactivity and is negatively regulated by natural endogenous inhibitors selectively bound in its cleft. Further, the detailed chemical structures of natural blockers could guide future design of therapeutic blockers of CD1a response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel N. Cotton
- Graduate Program in Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Marcin Wegrecki
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tan-Yun Cheng
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Yi-Ling Chen
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Institute for Health Research, Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Natacha Veerapen
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jérôme Le Nours
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dennis P. Orgill
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Bohdan Pomahac
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Simon G. Talbot
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Richard Willis
- National Institutes of Health Tetramer Core Facility, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - John D. Altman
- National Institutes of Health Tetramer Core Facility, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Annemieke de Jong
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Ildiko Van Rhijn
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Rachael A. Clark
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Gurdyal S. Besra
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Graham Ogg
- Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, Medical Research Council Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Institute for Health Research, Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University, School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
| | - D. Branch Moody
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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46
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Gapin L. CD1a autoreactivity: When size does matter. J Exp Med 2021; 218:e20210531. [PMID: 34014254 PMCID: PMC8142285 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20210531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
CD1a-autoreactive T cells represent a significant proportion of circulating αβ T cells in humans and appear to be enriched in the skin. How their autoreactivity is regulated remains unclear. In this issue of JEM, Cotton et al. (2021. J. Exp. Med.https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20202699) show that CD1a molecules do not randomly survey cellular lipids but instead capture certain lipid classes that broadly interfere with the binding of autoreactive T cell antigen receptors to the target CD1a. These findings provide new potential therapeutic avenues for manipulating CD1a autoreactive T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Gapin
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
- Department of Immunology and Genomic Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO
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47
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Lutchman D, Varigos GA. Revisiting a vaccine for psoriasis - Has the code been cracked? Immunol Lett 2021; 237:1-2. [PMID: 34144053 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - G A Varigos
- Department of Dermatology Royal Melbourne Hospital and University of Melbourne Department of Medicine, VIC, Australia
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48
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Köberle M, Amar Y, Hölge IM, Kaesler S, Biedermann T. Cutaneous Barriers and Skin Immunity. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2021; 268:43-52. [PMID: 34114118 DOI: 10.1007/164_2021_477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The skin barrier provides us with several lines of protection from outside hazards. Its most outward layers, the stratum corneum and the epidermis seal our body with an acidic, dry, and rather cool surface, hostile to microbes. Yet, there are also fine-tuned interactions between the mostly commensal microbiota on top of the skin surface, with underlying epidermal cells as well as the immune system, to preserve a healthy steady state and to initiate repair processes when necessary. We take a concise look at the recent insights on the inner workings of this complex barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Köberle
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Yacine Amar
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Inga Marie Hölge
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Susanne Kaesler
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tilo Biedermann
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany. .,Clinical Unit Allergology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany.
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49
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Yoo HJ, Kim NY, Kim JH. Current Understanding of the Roles of CD1a-Restricted T Cells in the Immune System. Mol Cells 2021; 44:310-317. [PMID: 33980746 PMCID: PMC8175153 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2021.0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cluster of differentiation 1 (CD1) is a family of cell-surface glycoproteins that present lipid antigens to T cells. Humans have five CD1 isoforms. CD1a is distinguished by the small volume of its antigen-binding groove and its stunted A' pocket, its high and exclusive expression on Langerhans cells, and its localization in the early endosomal and recycling intracellular trafficking compartments. Its ligands originate from self or foreign sources. There are three modes by which the T-cell receptors of CD1a-restricted T cells interact with the CD1a:lipid complex: they bind to both the CD1a surface and the antigen or to only CD1a itself, which activates the T cell, or they are unable to bind because of bulky motifs protruding from the antigen-binding groove, which might inhibit autoreactive T-cell activation. Recently, several studies have shown that by producing TH2 or TH17 cytokines, CD1a-restricted T cells contribute to inflammatory skin disorders, including atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, allergic contact dermatitis, and wasp/bee venom allergy. They may also participate in other diseases, including pulmonary disorders and cancer, because CD1a-expressing dendritic cells are also located in non-skin tissues. In this mini-review, we discuss the current knowledge regarding the biology of CD1a-reactive T cells and their potential roles in disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jung Yoo
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Na Young Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
| | - Ji Hyung Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea
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50
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Scheinman PL, Vocanson M, Thyssen JP, Johansen JD, Nixon RL, Dear K, Botto NC, Morot J, Goldminz AM. Contact dermatitis. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2021; 7:38. [PMID: 34045488 DOI: 10.1038/s41572-021-00271-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Contact dermatitis (CD) is among the most common inflammatory dermatological conditions and includes allergic CD, photoallergic CD, irritant CD, photoirritant CD (also called phototoxic CD) and protein CD. Occupational CD can be of any type and is the most prevalent occupational skin disease. Each CD type is characterized by different immunological mechanisms and/or requisite exposures. Clinical manifestations of CD vary widely and multiple subtypes may occur simultaneously. The diagnosis relies on clinical presentation, thorough exposure assessment and evaluation with techniques such as patch testing and skin-prick testing. Management is based on patient education, avoidance strategies of specific substances, and topical treatments; in severe or recalcitrant cases, which can negatively affect the quality of life of patients, systemic medications may be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela L Scheinman
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marc Vocanson
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM, U1111; Univ Lyon; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon; CNRS, UMR, 5308, Lyon, France
| | - Jacob P Thyssen
- National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jeanne Duus Johansen
- National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rosemary L Nixon
- Skin Health Institute - Occupational Dermatology Research and Education Centre, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Kate Dear
- Skin Health Institute - Occupational Dermatology Research and Education Centre, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Nina C Botto
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Johanna Morot
- CIRI - Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM, U1111; Univ Lyon; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon; CNRS, UMR, 5308, Lyon, France
| | - Ari M Goldminz
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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