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Bulnes-Ramos A, Schott K, Rabinowitz J, Luchsinger C, Bertelli C, Miyagi E, Yu CH, Persaud M, Shepard C, König R, Kim B, Ivanov DN, Strebel K, Diaz-Griffero F. Acetylation of SAMHD1 at lysine 580 is crucial for blocking HIV-1 infection. mBio 2024; 15:e0195824. [PMID: 39162568 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01958-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
In humans, sterile alpha motif (SAM) domain- and histidine-aspartic acid (HD) domain-containing protein 1 (SAMHD1) is a dNTPase enzyme that prevents HIV-1 infection in non-cycling cells, such as differentiated THP-1 cells and human primary macrophages. Although phosphorylation of threonine 592 (T592) in SAMHD1 is recognized as the primary regulator of the ability to prevent HIV-1 infection, the contributions of SAMHD1 acetylation to this ability remain unknown. Mass spectrometry analysis of SAMHD1 proteins derived from cycling and non-cycling THP-1 cells, primary cycling B cells, and primary macrophages revealed that SAMHD1 is preferentially acetylated at lysine residues 354, 494, and 580 (K354, K494, and K580). In non-cycling cells, SAMHD1 is preferentially acetylated at K580, suggesting that this post-translational modification may contribute to the ability of SAMHD1 to block HIV-1 infection. Consistent with this finding, we found that mutations in K580 disrupted the ability of SAMHD1 to block HIV-1 infection without affecting the ability of SAMHD1 to deplete cellular dNTP levels. Gene editing of SAMHD1 in macrophage-like cells revealed that an intact K580 is required for HIV-1 restriction. This finding suggests that K580 acetylation in SAMHD1 is essential for blocking HIV-1 infection. More importantly, we found that a larger proportion of SAMHD1 featuring K580 acetylation could be detected in human primary macrophages when compared to human primary monocytes. In agreement, we found that SAMHD1 is acetylated during the monocyte-to-macrophage differentiation process. This finding agrees with the idea that the blockade of HIV-1 infection in macrophages requires SAMHD1 acetylation.IMPORTANCEThe natural inhibitor of HIV-1, sterile alpha motif (SAM) domain- and histidine-aspartic acid (HD) domain-containing protein 1 (SAMHD1), plays a pivotal role in preventing HIV-1 infection of macrophages and dendritic cells, which are vital components of the immune system. This study unveils that SAMHD1 undergoes post-translational modifications, specifically acetylation at lysines 354, 494, and 580. Our research underscores the significance of these modifications, demonstrating that acetylation at residue K580 is indispensable for SAMHD1's efficacy in blocking HIV-1 infection. Notably, K580 is found in a critical regulatory domain of SAMHD1, highlighting acetylation as a novel layer of SAMHD1 regulation for HIV-1 restriction in humans. A comprehensive understanding of the regulation mechanisms governing this anti-HIV-1 protein is crucial for leveraging nature's defense mechanisms against HIV-1 and could pave the way for innovative therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Bulnes-Ramos
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Kerstin Schott
- Host-Pathogen Interactions, Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Langen, Germany
| | - Jesse Rabinowitz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Charlotte Luchsinger
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Cinzia Bertelli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Eri Miyagi
- Viral Biochemistry Section NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Corey H Yu
- Department of Biochemistry, UTHSA, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Mirjana Persaud
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Caitlin Shepard
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for ViroScience and Cure, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Renate König
- Host-Pathogen Interactions, Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Langen, Germany
| | - Baek Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for ViroScience and Cure, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Klaus Strebel
- Viral Biochemistry Section NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Felipe Diaz-Griffero
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
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2
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Rodríguez-Mora S, Sánchez-Menéndez C, Bautista-Carrascosa G, Mateos E, Moreno-Serna L, Megías D, Cantón J, García-Gutiérrez V, Murciano-Antón MA, Cervero M, Spivak A, Planelles V, Coiras M. Dasatinib interferes with HIV-1 proviral integration and the inflammatory potential of monocyte-derived macrophages from people with HIV. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 229:116512. [PMID: 39222713 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
HIV-1 infection is efficiently controlled by the antiretroviral treatment (ART) but viral persistence in long-lived reservoirs formed by CD4 + T cells and macrophages impedes viral eradication and creates a chronic inflammatory environment. Dasatinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor clinically used against chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) that has also showed an anti-inflammatory potential. We previously reported that dasatinib is very efficient at interfering with HIV-1 infection of CD4 + T cells by preserving the antiviral activity of SAMHD1, an innate immune factor that blocks T-cell activation and proliferation and that is inactivated by phosphorylation at T592 (pSAMHD1). We observed that short-term treatment in vitro with dasatinib significantly reduced pSAMHD1 in monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) isolated from people with HIV (PWH) and healthy donors, interfering with HIV-1 infection. This inhibition was based on low levels of 2-LTR circles and proviral integration, while viral reverse transcription was not affected. MDMs isolated from people with CML on long-term treatment with dasatinib also showed low levels of pSAMHD1 and were resistant to HIV-1 infection. In addition, dasatinib decreased the inflammatory potential of MDMs by reducing the release of M1-related cytokines like TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, CXCL8, and CXCL9, but preserving the antiviral activity through normal levels of IL-12 and IFNγ. Due to the production of M2-related anti-inflammatory cytokines like IL-1RA and IL-10 was also impaired, dasatinib appeared to interfere with MDMs differentiation. The use of dasatinib along with ART could be used against HIV-1 reservoir in CD4 and macrophages and to alleviate the chronic inflammation characteristic of PWH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Rodríguez-Mora
- Immunopathology and Viral Reservoir Unit, National Center of Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain; Biomedical Research Center Network in Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Clara Sánchez-Menéndez
- Immunopathology and Viral Reservoir Unit, National Center of Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain; PhD Program in Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain; Hematology and Hemotherapy Service, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Elena Mateos
- Immunopathology and Viral Reservoir Unit, National Center of Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain; Biomedical Research Center Network in Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucia Moreno-Serna
- Immunopathology and Viral Reservoir Unit, National Center of Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Megías
- Microscopy and Imaging Facility, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Cantón
- PhD Program in Health Sciences, Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, Spain; Internal Medicine Service, Hospital Universitario Severo Ochoa, Leganés, Madrid, Spain
| | - Valentín García-Gutiérrez
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Service, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Aránzazu Murciano-Antón
- PhD Program in Epidemiology and Public Health, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid, Spain; Family Medicine, Centro de Salud Doctor Pedro Laín Entralgo, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Cervero
- Internal Medicine Service, Hospital Universitario Severo Ochoa, Leganés, Madrid, Spain; School of Medicine, Universidad Alfonso X El Sabio, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adam Spivak
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Vicente Planelles
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Mayte Coiras
- Immunopathology and Viral Reservoir Unit, National Center of Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain; Biomedical Research Center Network in Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
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3
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Dobransky A, Root M, Hafner N, Marcum M, Sharifi HJ. CRL4-DCAF1 Ubiquitin Ligase Dependent Functions of HIV Viral Protein R and Viral Protein X. Viruses 2024; 16:1313. [PMID: 39205287 PMCID: PMC11360348 DOI: 10.3390/v16081313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) encodes several proteins that contort the host cell environment to promote viral replication and spread. This is often accomplished through the hijacking of cellular ubiquitin ligases. These reprogrammed complexes initiate or enhance the ubiquitination of cellular proteins that may otherwise act to restrain viral replication. Ubiquitination of target proteins may alter protein function or initiate proteasome-dependent destruction. HIV Viral Protein R (Vpr) and the related HIV-2 Viral Protein X (Vpx), engage the CRL4-DCAF1 ubiquitin ligase complex to target numerous cellular proteins. In this review we describe the CRL4-DCAF1 ubiquitin ligase complex and its interactions with HIV Vpr and Vpx. We additionally summarize the cellular proteins targeted by this association as well as the observed or hypothesized impact on HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Dobransky
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Le Moyne College, Syracuse, NY 13214, USA
| | - Mary Root
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Le Moyne College, Syracuse, NY 13214, USA
| | - Nicholas Hafner
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Le Moyne College, Syracuse, NY 13214, USA
| | - Matty Marcum
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Le Moyne College, Syracuse, NY 13214, USA
| | - H John Sharifi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Le Moyne College, Syracuse, NY 13214, USA
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4
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Moezpoor MR, Stevenson M. Help or Hinder: Protein Host Factors That Impact HIV-1 Replication. Viruses 2024; 16:1281. [PMID: 39205255 PMCID: PMC11360189 DOI: 10.3390/v16081281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Interactions between human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and the host factors or restriction factors of its target cells determine the cell's susceptibility to, and outcome of, infection. Factors intrinsic to the cell are involved at every step of the HIV-1 replication cycle, contributing to productive infection and replication, or severely attenuating the chances of success. Furthermore, factors unique to certain cell types contribute to the differences in infection between these cell types. Understanding the involvement of these factors in HIV-1 infection is a key requirement for the development of anti-HIV-1 therapies. As the list of factors grows, and the dynamic interactions between these factors and the virus are elucidated, comprehensive and up-to-date summaries that recount the knowledge gathered after decades of research are beneficial to the field, displaying what is known so that researchers can build off the groundwork of others to investigate what is unknown. Herein, we aim to provide a review focusing on protein host factors, both well-known and relatively new, that impact HIV-1 replication in a positive or negative manner at each stage of the replication cycle, highlighting factors unique to the various HIV-1 target cell types where appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Rameen Moezpoor
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Mario Stevenson
- Raymond F. Schinazi and Family Endowed Chair in Biomedicine; Professor of Medicine; Director, Institute of AIDS and Emerging Infectious Diseases; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, Life Science Technology Park, 1951 NW 7th Avenue, Room 2331B, Suite 200, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
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5
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Meng B, Zhao N, Mlcochova P, Ferreira IATM, Ortmann BM, Davis T, Wit N, Rehwinkel J, Cook S, Maxwell PH, Nathan JA, Gupta RK. Hypoxia drives HIF2-dependent reversible macrophage cell cycle entry. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114471. [PMID: 38996069 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Low-oxygen conditions (hypoxia) have been associated primarily with cell-cycle arrest in dividing cells. Macrophages are typically quiescent in G0 but can proliferate in response to tissue signals. Here we show that hypoxia (1% oxygen tension) results in reversible entry into the cell cycle in macrophages. Cell cycle progression is largely limited to G0-G1/S phase transition with little progression to G2/M. This cell cycle transitioning is triggered by an HIF2α-directed transcriptional program. The response is accompanied by increased expression of cell-cycle-associated proteins, including CDK1, which is known to phosphorylate SAMHD1 at T592 and thereby regulate antiviral activity. Prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) inhibitors are able to recapitulate HIF2α-dependent cell cycle entry in macrophages. Finally, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in lung cancers exhibit transcriptomic profiles representing responses to low oxygen and cell cycle progression at the single-cell level. These findings have implications for inflammation and tumor progression/metastasis where low-oxygen environments are common.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Meng
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Na Zhao
- University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Petra Mlcochova
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Isabella A T M Ferreira
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Brian M Ortmann
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Niek Wit
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | - James A Nathan
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ravindra K Gupta
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Cambridge, UK; Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, KwaZulu Natal, South Africa.
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6
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Chou TC, Maggirwar NS, Marsden MD. HIV Persistence, Latency, and Cure Approaches: Where Are We Now? Viruses 2024; 16:1163. [PMID: 39066325 PMCID: PMC11281696 DOI: 10.3390/v16071163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The latent reservoir remains a major roadblock to curing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Currently available antiretroviral therapy (ART) can suppress active HIV replication, reduce viral loads to undetectable levels, and halt disease progression. However, antiretroviral drugs are unable to target cells that are latently infected with HIV, which can seed viral rebound if ART is stopped. Consequently, a major focus of the field is to study the latent viral reservoir and develop safe and effective methods to eliminate it. Here, we provide an overview of the major mechanisms governing the establishment and maintenance of HIV latency, the key challenges posed by latent reservoirs, small animal models utilized to study HIV latency, and contemporary cure approaches. We also discuss ongoing efforts to apply these approaches in combination, with the goal of achieving a safe, effective, and scalable cure for HIV that can be extended to the tens of millions of people with HIV worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa C. Chou
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617, USA; (T.C.C.); (N.S.M.)
| | - Nishad S. Maggirwar
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617, USA; (T.C.C.); (N.S.M.)
| | - Matthew D. Marsden
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617, USA; (T.C.C.); (N.S.M.)
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92617, USA
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7
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Guo H, Yang W, Li H, Yang J, Huang Y, Tang Y, Wang S, Ni F, Yang W, Yu XF, Wei W. The SAMHD1-MX2 axis restricts HIV-1 infection at postviral DNA synthesis. mBio 2024; 15:e0136324. [PMID: 38888311 PMCID: PMC11253599 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01363-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 replication is tightly regulated in host cells, and various restriction factors have important roles in inhibiting viral replication. SAMHD1, a well-known restriction factor, suppresses HIV-1 replication by hydrolyzing intracellular dNTPs, thereby limiting the synthesis of viral cDNA in quiescent cells. In this study, we revealed an additional and distinct mechanism of SAMHD1 inhibition during the postviral cDNA synthesis stage. Using immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry analysis, we demonstrated the interaction between SAMHD1 and MX2/MxB, an interferon-induced antiviral factor that inhibits HIV-1 cDNA nuclear import. The disruption of endogenous MX2 expression significantly weakened the ability of SAMHD1 to inhibit HIV-1. The crucial region within SAMHD1 that binds to MX2 has been identified. Notably, we found that SAMHD1 can act as a sensor that recognizes and binds to the incoming HIV-1 core, subsequently delivering it to the molecular trap formed by MX2, thereby blocking the nuclear entry of the HIV-1 core structure. SAMHD1 mutants unable to recognize the HIV-1 core showed a substantial decrease in antiviral activity. Certain mutations in HIV-1 capsids confer resistance to MX2 inhibition while maintaining susceptibility to suppression by the SAMHD1-MX2 axis. Overall, our study identifies an intriguing antiviral pattern wherein two distinct restriction factors, SAMHD1 and MX2, collaborate to establish an alternative mechanism deviating from their actions. These findings provide valuable insight into the complex immune defense networks against exogenous viral infections and have implications for the development of targeted anti-HIV therapeutics. IMPORTANCE In contrast to most restriction factors that directly bind to viral components to exert their antiviral effects, SAMHD1, the only known deoxynucleotide triphosphate (dNTP) hydrolase in eukaryotes, indirectly inhibits viral replication in quiescent cells by reducing the pool of dNTP substrates available for viral cDNA synthesis. Our study provides a novel perspective on the antiviral functions of SAMHD1. In addition to its role in dNTP hydrolysis, SAMHD1 cooperates with MX2 to inhibit HIV-1 nuclear import. In this process, SAMHD1 acts as a sensor for incoming HIV-1 cores, detecting and binding to them, before subsequently delivering the complex to the molecular trap formed by MX2, thereby immobilizing the virus. This study not only reveals a new antiviral pathway for SAMHD1 but also identifies a unique collaboration and interaction between two distinct restriction factors, establishing a novel line of defense against HIV-1 infection, which challenges the traditional view of restriction factors acting independently. Overall, our findings further indicate the intricate complexity of the host immune defense network and provide potential targets for promoting host antiviral immune defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Guo
- Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Wanying Yang
- Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Huili Li
- Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jiaxin Yang
- Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yuehan Huang
- Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yubin Tang
- Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Shijin Wang
- Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Fushun Ni
- Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | | | - Xiao-Fang Yu
- Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention China National Ministry of Education), The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, Institute of Translational Medicine, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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8
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Nair R, Salinas-Illarena A, Sponheimer M, Wullkopf I, Schreiber Y, Côrte-Real JV, Del Pozo Ben A, Marterer H, Thomas D, Geisslinger G, Cinatl J, Subklewe M, Baldauf HM. Novel Vpx virus-like particles to improve cytarabine treatment response against acute myeloid leukemia. Clin Exp Med 2024; 24:155. [PMID: 39003408 PMCID: PMC11246277 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-024-01425-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
Knowledge of the molecular pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia has advanced in recent years. Despite novel treatment options, acute myeloid leukemia remains a survival challenge for elderly patients. We have recently shown that the triphosphohydrolase SAMHD1 is one of the factors determining resistance to Ara-C treatment. Here, we designed and tested novel and simpler virus-like particles incorporating the lentiviral protein Vpx to efficiently and transiently degrade SAMHD1 and increase the efficacy of Ara-C treatment. The addition of minute amounts of lentiviral Rev protein during production enhanced the generation of virus-like particles. In addition, we found that our 2nd generation of virus-like particles efficiently targeted and degraded SAMHD1 in AML cell lines with high levels of SAMHD1, thereby increasing Ara-CTP levels and response to Ara-C treatment. Primary AML blasts were generally less responsive to VLP treatment. In summary, we have been able to generate novel and simpler virus-like particles that can efficiently deliver Vpx to target cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Nair
- Max Von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 23, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Alejandro Salinas-Illarena
- Max Von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 23, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Monika Sponheimer
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
- Laboratory for Translational Cancer Immunology, LMU Gene Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Inès Wullkopf
- Max Von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 23, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Yannick Schreiber
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune Mediated Diseases CIMD, Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, 60596, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - João Vasco Côrte-Real
- Max Von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 23, 81377, Munich, Germany
- CIBIO-InBIO, Research Center in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, University of Porto, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
- BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Augusto Del Pozo Ben
- Max Von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 23, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Helena Marterer
- Max Von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 23, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Dominique Thomas
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune Mediated Diseases CIMD, Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, 60596, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - Gerd Geisslinger
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune Mediated Diseases CIMD, Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, 60596, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - Jindrich Cinatl
- Institute for Medical Virology, University Hospital, Goethe University, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
- Dr. Petra Joh-Forschungshaus, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - Marion Subklewe
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
- Laboratory for Translational Cancer Immunology, LMU Gene Center, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hanna-Mari Baldauf
- Max Von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 23, 81377, Munich, Germany.
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9
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Thapa G, Bhattacharya A, Bhattacharya S. Molecular dynamics investigation of DNA fragments bound to the anti-HIV protein SAMHD1 reveals alterations in allosteric communications. J Mol Graph Model 2024; 129:108748. [PMID: 38452417 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2024.108748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
The sterile alpha motif and histidine-aspartate domain-containing protein 1 (or SAMHD1), a human dNTP-triphosphohydrolase, contributes to HIV-1 restriction in select terminally differentiated cells of the immune system. While the prevailing hypothesis is that the catalytically active form of the protein is an allosterically triggered tetramer, whose HIV-1 restriction properties are attributed to its dNTP - triphosphohydrolase activity, it is also known to bind to ssRNA and ssDNA oligomers. A complete picture of the structure-function relationship of the enzyme is still elusive and the function corresponding to its nucleic acid binding ability is debated. In this in silico study, we investigate the stability, preference and allosteric effects of DNA oligomers bound to SAMHD1. In particular, we compare the binding of DNA and RNA oligomers of the same sequence and also consider the binding of DNA fragments with phosphorothioate bonds in the backbone. The results are compared with the canonical form with the monomers connected by GTP/dATP crossbridges. The simulations indicate that SAMHD1 dimers preferably bind to DNA and RNA oligomers compared to GTP/dATP. However, allosteric communication channels are altered in the nucleic acid acid bound complexes compared to the canonical form. All results are consistent with the hypothesis that the DNA bound form of the protein correspond to an unproductive off-pathway state where the protein is sequestered and not available for dNTP hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gauri Thapa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India.
| | | | - Swati Bhattacharya
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India.
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10
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Kreimendahl S, Pernas L. Metabolic immunity against microbes. Trends Cell Biol 2024; 34:496-508. [PMID: 38030541 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2023.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites, remodel the metabolism of their host to acquire the nutrients they need to proliferate. Thus, host cells are often perceived as mere exploitable nutrient pools during infection. Mounting reports challenge this perception and instead suggest that host cells can actively reprogram their metabolism to the detriment of the microbial invader. In this review, we present metabolic mechanisms that host cells use to defend against pathogens. We highlight the contribution of domesticated microbes to host defenses and discuss examples of host-pathogen arms races that are derived from metabolic conflict.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lena Pernas
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
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11
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Levesque S, Cosentino A, Verma A, Genovese P, Bauer DE. Enhancing prime editing in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells by modulating nucleotide metabolism. Nat Biotechnol 2024:10.1038/s41587-024-02266-4. [PMID: 38806736 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-024-02266-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Therapeutic prime editing of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) holds great potential to remedy blood disorders. Quiescent cells have low nucleotide levels and resist retroviral infection, and it is possible that nucleotide metabolism could limit reverse transcription-mediated prime editing in HSPCs. We demonstrate that deoxynucleoside supplementation and Vpx-mediated degradation of SAMHD1 improve prime editing efficiency in HSPCs, especially when coupled with editing approaches that evade mismatch repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Levesque
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrea Cosentino
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Milano-Bicocca University, Milan, Italy
| | - Archana Verma
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pietro Genovese
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel E Bauer
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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12
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Kilroy JM, Leal AA, Henderson AJ. Chronic HIV Transcription, Translation, and Persistent Inflammation. Viruses 2024; 16:751. [PMID: 38793632 PMCID: PMC11125830 DOI: 10.3390/v16050751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
People with HIV exhibit persistent inflammation that correlates with HIV-associated comorbidities including accelerated aging, increased risk of cardiovascular disease, and neuroinflammation. Mechanisms that perpetuate chronic inflammation in people with HIV undergoing antiretroviral treatments are poorly understood. One hypothesis is that the persistent low-level expression of HIV proviruses, including RNAs generated from defective proviral genomes, drives the immune dysfunction that is responsible for chronic HIV pathogenesis. We explore factors during HIV infection that contribute to the generation of a pool of defective proviruses as well as how HIV-1 mRNA and proteins alter immune function in people living with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M. Kilroy
- Department of Virology, Immunology, Microbiology, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (J.M.K.); (A.A.L.)
| | - Andrew A. Leal
- Department of Virology, Immunology, Microbiology, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (J.M.K.); (A.A.L.)
| | - Andrew J. Henderson
- Department of Virology, Immunology, Microbiology, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (J.M.K.); (A.A.L.)
- Department of Medicine and Virology, Immunology, Microbiology, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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13
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Acton OJ, Sheppard D, Kunzelmann S, Caswell SJ, Nans A, Burgess AJO, Kelly G, Morris ER, Rosenthal PB, Taylor IA. Platform-directed allostery and quaternary structure dynamics of SAMHD1 catalysis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3775. [PMID: 38710701 PMCID: PMC11074143 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48237-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
SAMHD1 regulates cellular nucleotide homeostasis, controlling dNTP levels by catalysing their hydrolysis into 2'-deoxynucleosides and triphosphate. In differentiated CD4+ macrophage and resting T-cells SAMHD1 activity results in the inhibition of HIV-1 infection through a dNTP blockade. In cancer, SAMHD1 desensitizes cells to nucleoside-analogue chemotherapies. Here we employ time-resolved cryogenic-EM imaging and single-particle analysis to visualise assembly, allostery and catalysis by this multi-subunit enzyme. Our observations reveal how dynamic conformational changes in the SAMHD1 quaternary structure drive the catalytic cycle. We capture five states at high-resolution in a live catalytic reaction, revealing how allosteric activators support assembly of a stable SAMHD1 tetrameric core and how catalysis is driven by the opening and closing of active sites through pairwise coupling of active sites and order-disorder transitions in regulatory domains. This direct visualisation of enzyme catalysis dynamics within an allostery-stabilised platform sets a precedent for mechanistic studies into the regulation of multi-subunit enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver J Acton
- Macromolecular Structure Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
- Structural Biology of Cells and Viruses Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
- AstraZeneca, The Discovery Centre, 1 Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0AA, UK
| | - Devon Sheppard
- Macromolecular Structure Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Simone Kunzelmann
- Structural Biology Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Sarah J Caswell
- Macromolecular Structure Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
- AstraZeneca, The Discovery Centre, 1 Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge, CB2 0AA, UK
| | - Andrea Nans
- Structural Biology Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Ailidh J O Burgess
- Macromolecular Structure Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Geoff Kelly
- The Medical Research Council Biomedical NMR Centre, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Elizabeth R Morris
- Macromolecular Structure Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
- Department of Biosciences, University of Durham, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Peter B Rosenthal
- Structural Biology of Cells and Viruses Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK.
| | - Ian A Taylor
- Macromolecular Structure Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK.
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14
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Albanese M, Chen HR, Gapp M, Muenchhoff M, Yang HH, Peterhoff D, Hoffmann K, Xiao Q, Ruhle A, Ambiel I, Schneider S, Mejías-Pérez E, Stern M, Wratil PR, Hofmann K, Amann L, Jocham L, Fuchs T, Ulivi AF, Besson-Girard S, Weidlich S, Schneider J, Spinner CD, Sutter K, Dittmer U, Humpe A, Baumeister P, Wieser A, Rothenfusser S, Bogner J, Roider J, Knolle P, Hengel H, Wagner R, Laketa V, Fackler OT, Keppler OT. Receptor transfer between immune cells by autoantibody-enhanced, CD32-driven trogocytosis is hijacked by HIV-1 to infect resting CD4 T cells. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101483. [PMID: 38579727 PMCID: PMC11031382 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Immune cell phenotyping frequently detects lineage-unrelated receptors. Here, we report that surface receptors can be transferred from primary macrophages to CD4 T cells and identify the Fcγ receptor CD32 as driver and cargo of this trogocytotic transfer. Filamentous CD32+ nanoprotrusions deposit distinct plasma membrane patches onto target T cells. Transferred receptors confer cell migration and adhesion properties, and macrophage-derived membrane patches render resting CD4 T cells susceptible to infection by serving as hotspots for HIV-1 binding. Antibodies that recognize T cell epitopes enhance CD32-mediated trogocytosis. Such autoreactive anti-HIV-1 envelope antibodies can be found in the blood of HIV-1 patients and, consistently, the percentage of CD32+ CD4 T cells is increased in their blood. This CD32-mediated, antigen-independent cell communication mode transiently expands the receptor repertoire and functionality of immune cells. HIV-1 hijacks this mechanism by triggering the generation of trogocytosis-promoting autoantibodies to gain access to immune cells critical to its persistence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Albanese
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany; Department for Clinical Sciences and Community Health (DISCCO), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Hong-Ru Chen
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany.
| | - Madeleine Gapp
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Muenchhoff
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hsiu-Hui Yang
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - David Peterhoff
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Molecular Microbiology (Virology), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Katja Hoffmann
- Institute of Virology, University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Qianhao Xiao
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Adrian Ruhle
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Ina Ambiel
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Integrative Virology, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research (CIID), Heidelberg, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephanie Schneider
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Ernesto Mejías-Pérez
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Marcel Stern
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Paul R Wratil
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Katharina Hofmann
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Laura Amann
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Linda Jocham
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Thimo Fuchs
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Simon Besson-Girard
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Simon Weidlich
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, Department of Internal Medicine II, Munich, Germany
| | - Jochen Schneider
- Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, Department of Internal Medicine II, Munich, Germany
| | - Christoph D Spinner
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany; Technical University of Munich, School of Medicine, University Hospital Rechts der Isar, Department of Internal Medicine II, Munich, Germany
| | - Kathrin Sutter
- University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Institute for Virology and Institute for Translational HIV Research, Essen, Germany
| | - Ulf Dittmer
- University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Institute for Virology and Institute for Translational HIV Research, Essen, Germany
| | - Andreas Humpe
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Cell Therapeutics, and Hemostaseology, Department of Anesthesiology, University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Philipp Baumeister
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Wieser
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany; Max von Pettenkofer Institute, Medical Microbiology and Hospital Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany; Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Simon Rothenfusser
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, LMU München and Unit Clinical Pharmacology (EKliP), Helmholtz Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Johannes Bogner
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany; Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Roider
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany; Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Percy Knolle
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany; Institute of Molecular Immunology and Experimental Oncology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Hartmut Hengel
- Institute of Virology, University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Wagner
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Molecular Microbiology (Virology), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Vibor Laketa
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Infectious Diseases, Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Virology, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research (CIID), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Oliver T Fackler
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Integrative Virology, Center for Integrative Infectious Disease Research (CIID), Heidelberg, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Oliver T Keppler
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany.
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15
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Ananth S, Ambiel I, Schifferdecker S, Müller TG, Wratil PR, Mejias-Perez E, Kräusslich HG, Müller B, Keppler OT, Fackler OT. Spatial resolution of HIV-1 post-entry steps in resting CD4 T cells. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113941. [PMID: 38478523 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Resting CD4 T cells resist productive HIV-1 infection. The HIV-2/simian immunodeficiency virus protein viral accessory protein X (Vpx) renders these cells permissive to infection, presumably by alleviating blocks at cytoplasmic reverse transcription and subsequent nuclear import of reverse-transcription/pre-integration complexes (RTC/PICs). Here, spatial analyses using quantitative virus imaging techniques reveal that HIV-1 capsids containing RTC/PICs are readily imported into the nucleus, recruit the host dependency factor CPSF6, and translocate to nuclear speckles in resting CD4 T cells. Reverse transcription, however, remains incomplete, impeding proviral integration and viral gene expression. Vpx or pharmacological inhibition of the deoxynucleotide triphosphohydrolase (dNTPase) activity of the restriction factor SAM domain and HD domain-containing protein 1 (SAMHD1) increases levels of nuclear reverse-transcribed cDNA and facilitates HIV-1 integration. Nuclear import and intranuclear transport of viral complexes therefore do not pose important blocks to HIV-1 in resting CD4 T cells, and the limitation to reverse transcription by SAMHD1's dNTPase activity constitutes the main pre-integration block to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swetha Ananth
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Department of Infectious Diseases, Integrative Virology, Center of Integrative Infectious Disease Research (CIID), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ina Ambiel
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Department of Infectious Diseases, Integrative Virology, Center of Integrative Infectious Disease Research (CIID), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sandra Schifferdecker
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, Center of Integrative Infectious Disease Research (CIID), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thorsten G Müller
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, Center of Integrative Infectious Disease Research (CIID), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paul R Wratil
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site München, Munich, Germany
| | - Ernesto Mejias-Perez
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site München, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Kräusslich
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, Center of Integrative Infectious Disease Research (CIID), Heidelberg, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Müller
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Department of Infectious Diseases, Virology, Center of Integrative Infectious Disease Research (CIID), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Oliver T Keppler
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site München, Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver T Fackler
- Heidelberg University, Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Department of Infectious Diseases, Integrative Virology, Center of Integrative Infectious Disease Research (CIID), Heidelberg, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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16
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Lin C, Kuffour EO, Li T, Gertzen CGW, Kaiser J, Luedde T, König R, Gohlke H, Münk C. The ISG15-Protease USP18 Is a Pleiotropic Enhancer of HIV-1 Replication. Viruses 2024; 16:485. [PMID: 38675828 PMCID: PMC11053637 DOI: 10.3390/v16040485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The innate immune response to viruses is formed in part by interferon (IFN)-induced restriction factors, including ISG15, p21, and SAMHD1. IFN production can be blocked by the ISG15-specific protease USP18. HIV-1 has evolved to circumvent host immune surveillance. This mechanism might involve USP18. In our recent studies, we demonstrate that HIV-1 infection induces USP18, which dramatically enhances HIV-1 replication by abrogating the antiviral function of p21. USP18 downregulates p21 by accumulating misfolded dominant negative p53, which inactivates wild-type p53 transactivation, leading to the upregulation of key enzymes involved in de novo dNTP biosynthesis pathways and inactivated SAMHD1. Despite the USP18-mediated increase in HIV-1 DNA in infected cells, it is intriguing to note that the cGAS-STING-mediated sensing of the viral DNA is abrogated. Indeed, the expression of USP18 or knockout of ISG15 inhibits the sensing of HIV-1. We demonstrate that STING is ISGylated at residues K224, K236, K289, K347, K338, and K370. The inhibition of STING K289-linked ISGylation suppresses its oligomerization and IFN induction. We propose that human USP18 is a novel factor that potentially contributes in multiple ways to HIV-1 replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaohui Lin
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (C.L.); (E.O.K.); (T.L.); (T.L.)
| | - Edmund Osei Kuffour
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (C.L.); (E.O.K.); (T.L.); (T.L.)
| | - Taolan Li
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (C.L.); (E.O.K.); (T.L.); (T.L.)
| | - Christoph G. W. Gertzen
- Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (C.G.W.G.); (J.K.); (H.G.)
| | - Jesko Kaiser
- Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (C.G.W.G.); (J.K.); (H.G.)
| | - Tom Luedde
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (C.L.); (E.O.K.); (T.L.); (T.L.)
| | - Renate König
- Host-Pathogen Interactions, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, 63225 Langen, Germany;
| | - Holger Gohlke
- Institute for Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (C.G.W.G.); (J.K.); (H.G.)
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences (IBG-4: Bioinformatics), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Carsten Münk
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (C.L.); (E.O.K.); (T.L.); (T.L.)
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17
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Park JE, Kim TS, Zeng Y, Mikolaj M, Il Ahn J, Alam MS, Monnie CM, Shi V, Zhou M, Chun TW, Maldarelli F, Narayan K, Ahn J, Ashwell JD, Strebel K, Lee KS. Centrosome amplification and aneuploidy driven by the HIV-1-induced Vpr•VprBP•Plk4 complex in CD4 + T cells. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2017. [PMID: 38443376 PMCID: PMC10914751 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46306-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 infection elevates the risk of developing various cancers, including T-cell lymphoma. Whether HIV-1-encoded proteins directly contribute to oncogenesis remains unknown. We observe that approximately 1-5% of CD4+ T cells from the blood of people living with HIV-1 exhibit over-duplicated centrioles, suggesting that centrosome amplification underlies the development of HIV-1-associated cancers by driving aneuploidy. Through affinity purification, biochemical, and cellular analyses, we discover that Vpr, an accessory protein of HIV-1, hijacks the centriole duplication machinery and induces centrosome amplification and aneuploidy. Mechanistically, Vpr forms a cooperative ternary complex with an E3 ligase subunit, VprBP, and polo-like kinase 4 (Plk4). Unexpectedly, however, the complex enhances Plk4's functionality by promoting its relocalization to the procentriole assembly and induces centrosome amplification. Loss of either Vpr's C-terminal 17 residues or VprBP acidic region, the two elements required for binding to Plk4 cryptic polo-box, abrogates Vpr's capacity to induce these events. Furthermore, HIV-1 WT, but not its Vpr mutant, induces multiple centrosomes and aneuploidy in human primary CD4+ T cells. We propose that the Vpr•VprBP•Plk4 complex serves as a molecular link that connects HIV-1 infection to oncogenesis and that inhibiting the Vpr C-terminal motif may reduce the occurrence of HIV-1-associated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Eun Park
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Tae-Sung Kim
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Yan Zeng
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Melissa Mikolaj
- Center for Molecular Microscopy, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Jong Il Ahn
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Muhammad S Alam
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Christina M Monnie
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Victoria Shi
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Ming Zhou
- Protein Characterization Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Tae-Wook Chun
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Frank Maldarelli
- HIV Dynamics and Replication Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Kedar Narayan
- Center for Molecular Microscopy, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Jinwoo Ahn
- Department of Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
| | - Jonathan D Ashwell
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Klaus Strebel
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kyung S Lee
- Cancer Innovation Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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18
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Zhang SM, Paulin CB, Shu H, Yagüe-Capilla M, Michel M, Marttila P, Ortis F, Bwanika HC, Dirks C, Venkatram RP, Wiita E, Jemth AS, Almlöf I, Loseva O, Hormann FM, Koolmeister T, Linde E, Lee S, Llona-Minguez S, Haraldsson M, Axelsson H, Strömberg K, Homan EJ, Scobie M, Lundbäck T, Helleday T, Rudd SG. Identification and evaluation of small-molecule inhibitors against the dNTPase SAMHD1 via a comprehensive screening funnel. iScience 2024; 27:108907. [PMID: 38318365 PMCID: PMC10839966 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.108907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
SAMHD1 is a dNTP triphosphohydrolase governing nucleotide pool homeostasis and can detoxify chemotherapy metabolites controlling their clinical responses. To understand SAMHD1 biology and investigate the potential of targeting SAMHD1 as neoadjuvant to current chemotherapies, we set out to discover selective small-molecule inhibitors. Here, we report a discovery pipeline encompassing a biochemical screening campaign and a set of complementary biochemical, biophysical, and cell-based readouts for rigorous characterization of the screen output. The identified small molecules, TH6342 and analogs, accompanied by inactive control TH7126, demonstrated specific, low μM potency against both physiological and oncology-drug-derived substrates. By coupling kinetic studies with thermal shift assays, we reveal the inhibitory mechanism of TH6342 and analogs, which engage pre-tetrameric SAMHD1 and deter oligomerization and allosteric activation without occupying nucleotide-binding pockets. Altogether, our study diversifies inhibitory modes against SAMHD1, and the discovery pipeline reported herein represents a thorough framework for future SAMHD1 inhibitor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Min Zhang
- Science for Life Laboratory (SciLifeLab), Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cynthia B.J. Paulin
- Science for Life Laboratory (SciLifeLab), Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Huazhang Shu
- Science for Life Laboratory (SciLifeLab), Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Miriam Yagüe-Capilla
- Science for Life Laboratory (SciLifeLab), Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maurice Michel
- Science for Life Laboratory (SciLifeLab), Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Petra Marttila
- Science for Life Laboratory (SciLifeLab), Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Florian Ortis
- Science for Life Laboratory (SciLifeLab), Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henri Colyn Bwanika
- Science for Life Laboratory (SciLifeLab), Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christopher Dirks
- Science for Life Laboratory (SciLifeLab), Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rajagopal Papagudi Venkatram
- Science for Life Laboratory (SciLifeLab), Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elisée Wiita
- Science for Life Laboratory (SciLifeLab), Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ann-Sofie Jemth
- Science for Life Laboratory (SciLifeLab), Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Almlöf
- Science for Life Laboratory (SciLifeLab), Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olga Loseva
- Science for Life Laboratory (SciLifeLab), Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Femke M. Hormann
- Science for Life Laboratory (SciLifeLab), Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tobias Koolmeister
- Science for Life Laboratory (SciLifeLab), Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erika Linde
- Science for Life Laboratory (SciLifeLab), Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sun Lee
- Science for Life Laboratory (SciLifeLab), Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sabin Llona-Minguez
- Science for Life Laboratory (SciLifeLab), Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Haraldsson
- Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory (SciLifeLab), Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hanna Axelsson
- Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory (SciLifeLab), Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kia Strömberg
- Science for Life Laboratory (SciLifeLab), Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Evert J. Homan
- Science for Life Laboratory (SciLifeLab), Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Scobie
- Science for Life Laboratory (SciLifeLab), Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Lundbäck
- Chemical Biology Consortium Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory (SciLifeLab), Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Helleday
- Science for Life Laboratory (SciLifeLab), Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
- Weston Park Cancer Centre, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Sean G. Rudd
- Science for Life Laboratory (SciLifeLab), Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 65 Stockholm, Sweden
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19
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Abdalla AL, Guajardo-Contreras G, Mouland AJ. A Canadian Survey of Research on HIV-1 Latency-Where Are We Now and Where Are We Heading? Viruses 2024; 16:229. [PMID: 38400005 PMCID: PMC10891605 DOI: 10.3390/v16020229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, almost 40 million people are currently living with HIV-1. The implementation of cART inhibits HIV-1 replication and reduces viremia but fails to eliminate HIV-1 from latently infected cells. These cells are considered viral reservoirs from which HIV-1 rebounds if cART is interrupted. Several efforts have been made to identify these cells and their niches. There has been little success in diminishing the pool of latently infected cells, underscoring the urgency to continue efforts to fully understand how HIV-1 establishes and maintains a latent state. Reactivating HIV-1 expression in these cells using latency-reversing agents (LRAs) has been successful, but only in vitro. This review aims to provide a broad view of HIV-1 latency, highlighting Canadian contributions toward these aims. We will summarize the research efforts conducted in Canadian labs to understand the establishment of latently infected cells and how this informs curative strategies, by reviewing how HIV latency is established, which cells are latently infected, what methodologies have been developed to characterize them, how new compounds are discovered and evaluated as potential LRAs, and what clinical trials aim to reverse latency in people living with HIV (PLWH).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luiza Abdalla
- HIV-1 RNA Trafficking Laboratory, Lady Davis Institute at the Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada; (A.L.A.); (G.G.-C.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Gabriel Guajardo-Contreras
- HIV-1 RNA Trafficking Laboratory, Lady Davis Institute at the Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada; (A.L.A.); (G.G.-C.)
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Andrew J. Mouland
- HIV-1 RNA Trafficking Laboratory, Lady Davis Institute at the Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada; (A.L.A.); (G.G.-C.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
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20
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Li X, Chen Z, Ye W, Yu J, Zhang X, Li Y, Niu Y, Ran S, Wang S, Luo Z, Zhao J, Hao Y, Zong J, Xia C, Xia J, Wu J. High-throughput CRISPR technology: a novel horizon for solid organ transplantation. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1295523. [PMID: 38239344 PMCID: PMC10794540 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1295523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Organ transplantation is the gold standard therapy for end-stage organ failure. However, the shortage of available grafts and long-term graft dysfunction remain the primary barriers to organ transplantation. Exploring approaches to solve these issues is urgent, and CRISPR/Cas9-based transcriptome editing provides one potential solution. Furthermore, combining CRISPR/Cas9-based gene editing with an ex vivo organ perfusion system would enable pre-implantation transcriptome editing of grafts. How to determine effective intervention targets becomes a new problem. Fortunately, the advent of high-throughput CRISPR screening has dramatically accelerated the effective targets. This review summarizes the current advancements, utilization, and workflow of CRISPR screening in various immune and non-immune cells. It also discusses the ongoing applications of CRISPR/Cas-based gene editing in transplantation and the prospective applications of CRISPR screening in solid organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhang Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Weicong Ye
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jizhang Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuqing Niu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuan Ran
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Song Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zilong Luo
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiulu Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanglin Hao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Junjie Zong
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chengkun Xia
- Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiahong Xia
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Center for Translational Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education, National Health Commission (NHC) Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wuhan, China
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21
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Valeri E, Unali G, Piras F, Abou-Alezz M, Pais G, Benedicenti F, Lidonnici MR, Cuccovillo I, Castiglioni I, Arévalo S, Spinozzi G, Merelli I, Behrendt R, Oo A, Kim B, Landau NR, Ferrari G, Montini E, Kajaste-Rudnitski A. Removal of innate immune barriers allows efficient transduction of quiescent human hematopoietic stem cells. Mol Ther 2024; 32:124-139. [PMID: 37990494 PMCID: PMC10787167 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Quiescent human hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) are ideal targets for gene therapy applications due to their preserved stemness and repopulation capacities; however, they have not been exploited extensively because of their resistance to genetic manipulation. We report here the development of a lentiviral transduction protocol that overcomes this resistance in long-term repopulating quiescent HSC, allowing their efficient genetic manipulation. Mechanistically, lentiviral vector transduction of quiescent HSC was found to be restricted at the level of vector entry and by limited pyrimidine pools. These restrictions were overcome by the combined addition of cyclosporin H (CsH) and deoxynucleosides (dNs) during lentiviral vector transduction. Clinically relevant transduction levels were paired with higher polyclonal engraftment of long-term repopulating HSC as compared with standard ex vivo cultured controls. These findings identify the cell-intrinsic barriers that restrict the transduction of quiescent HSC and provide a means to overcome them, paving the way for the genetic engineering of unstimulated HSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Valeri
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, School of Medicine, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Unali
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, School of Medicine, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Piras
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Monah Abou-Alezz
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Pais
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Benedicenti
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Rosa Lidonnici
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Ivan Cuccovillo
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Castiglioni
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Sergio Arévalo
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Spinozzi
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Ivan Merelli
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Rayk Behrendt
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Adrian Oo
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Baek Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Nathaniel R Landau
- Department of Microbiology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Giuliana Ferrari
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, School of Medicine, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Eugenio Montini
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Kajaste-Rudnitski
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy; Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Via Ferrata 9A, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
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22
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Wietgrefe SW, Anderson J, Duan L, Southern PJ, Zuck P, Wu G, Howell BJ, Reilly C, Kroon E, Chottanapund S, Buranapraditkun S, Sacdalan C, Tulmethakaan N, Colby DJ, Chomchey N, Prueksakaew P, Pinyakorn S, Trichavaroj R, Mitchell JL, Trautmann L, Hsu D, Vasan S, Manasnayakorn S, de Souza M, Tovanabutra S, Schuetz A, Robb ML, Phanuphak N, Ananworanich J, Schacker TW, Haase AT. Initial productive and latent HIV infections originate in vivo by infection of resting T cells. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e171501. [PMID: 37733443 PMCID: PMC10645380 DOI: 10.1172/jci171501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Productively infected cells are generally thought to arise from HIV infection of activated CD4+ T cells, and these infected activated cells are thought to be a recurring source of latently infected cells when a portion of the population transitions to a resting state. We discovered and report here that productively and latently infected cells can instead originate from direct infection of resting CD4+ T cell populations in lymphoid tissues in Fiebig I, the earliest stage of detectable HIV infection. We found that direct infection of resting CD4+ T cells was correlated with the availability of susceptible target cells in lymphoid tissues largely restricted to resting CD4+ T cells in which expression of pTEFb enabled productive infection, and we documented persistence of HIV-producing resting T cells during antiretroviral therapy (ART). Thus, we provide evidence of a mechanism by which direct infection of resting T cells in lymphoid tissues to generate productively and latently infected cells creates a mechanism by which the productively infected cells can replenish both populations and maintain two sources of virus from which HIV infection can rebound, even if ART is instituted at the earliest stage of detectable infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jodi Anderson
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Lijie Duan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and
| | | | - Paul Zuck
- Department of Infectious Disease and Vaccines, Merck & Co. Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Guoxin Wu
- Department of Infectious Disease and Vaccines, Merck & Co. Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Bonnie J. Howell
- Department of Infectious Disease and Vaccines, Merck & Co. Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Cavan Reilly
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Eugène Kroon
- Institute of HIV Research and Innovation, Bangkok, Thailand
- SEARCH Research Foundation, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Supranee Buranapraditkun
- Department of Medicine and
- Center of Excellence in Vaccine Research and Development (Chula Vaccine Research Center)
| | - Carlo Sacdalan
- SEARCH Research Foundation, Bangkok, Thailand
- Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Donn J. Colby
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - Suteeraporn Pinyakorn
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Julie L. Mitchell
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Lydie Trautmann
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Denise Hsu
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sandhya Vasan
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sopark Manasnayakorn
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Mark de Souza
- Institute of HIV Research and Innovation, Bangkok, Thailand
- SEARCH Research Foundation, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sodsai Tovanabutra
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Alexandra Schuetz
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Merlin L. Robb
- US Military HIV Research Program, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Jintanat Ananworanich
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Department of Global Health, Amsterdam Institute for Global Health & Development, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Timothy W. Schacker
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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23
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McCown C, Yu CH, Ivanov DN. Allosteric substrate activation of SAMHD1 shapes deoxynucleotide triphosphate imbalances by interconnecting the depletion and biosynthesis of different dNTPs. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.14.567083. [PMID: 38014186 PMCID: PMC10680743 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.14.567083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
SAMHD1 is a dNTPase that impedes replication of HIV-1 in myeloid cells and resting T lymphocytes. Here we elucidate the substrate activation mechanism of SAMHD1 that depends on dNTP binding at allosteric sites and the concomitant tetramerization of the enzyme. The study reveals that SAMHD1 activation involves an inactive tetrameric intermediate with partial occupancy of the allosteric sites. The equilibrium between the inactive and active tetrameric states, which is coupled to cooperative binding/dissociation of at least two allosteric dNTP ligands, controls the dNTPase activity of the enzyme, which, in addition, depends on the identity of the dNTPs occupying the four allosteric sites of the active tetramer. We show how such allosteric regulation determines deoxynucleotide triphosphate levels established in the dynamic equilibria between dNTP production and SAMHD1-catalyzed depletion. Notably, the mechanism enables a distinctive functionality of SAMHD1, which we call facilitated dNTP depletion, whereby elevated biosynthesis of some dNTPs results in more efficient depletion of others. The regulatory relationship between the biosynthesis and depletion of different dNTPs sheds light on the emerging role of SAMHD1 in the biology of dNTP homeostasis with implications for HIV/AIDS, innate antiviral immunity, T cell disorders, telomere maintenance and therapeutic efficacy of nucleoside analogs.
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24
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Sanber K, Rosner S, Forde PM, Marrone KA. Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. BioDrugs 2023; 37:775-791. [PMID: 37603233 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-023-00614-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has improved outcomes for patients with advanced non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Building off of this, it has been hypothesized that the utilization of ICB early during the disease course may be advantageous, particularly in the neoadjuvant setting prior to definitive surgical resection. Preclinical studies have suggested that a more potent immune response may be induced by neoadjuvant ICB in the presence of a higher antigen burden and intact tumor draining lymph nodes. Recent clinical trials evaluating neoadjuvant ICB with or without chemotherapy combinations in patients with resectable NSCLC led to improved pathological responses and longer event-free survival when neoadjuvant ICB was added to chemotherapy. Surgical outcomes were also supportive of this approach, with encouraging rates of pathological downstaging. Additionally, the availability of pre-treatment biopsy samples and post-treatment surgical resection tissues facilitates the conducting of correlative studies that continue to improve our understanding of the mechanisms of response and resistance to ICB. As long-term survival outcomes from ongoing clinical trials are awaited, several important questions require further investigation, including the optimal duration of neoadjuvant therapy, the clinical endpoints most predictive of long-term outcomes, and translational studies that should be investigated in future trial designs. Additionally, the optimal clinical management of patients with residual disease at the time of surgical resection and those who experience recurrence remains to be determined. In this review, we will (1) discuss the rationale behind neoadjuvant ICB-based therapy in NSCLC, (2) summarize the clinical data available thus far, and (3) highlight unanswered questions that need to be addressed in future studies to maximize the clinical benefits of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Sanber
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 301 Mason Lord Drive, Suite 4500, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Samuel Rosner
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 301 Mason Lord Drive, Suite 4500, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Patrick M Forde
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 301 Mason Lord Drive, Suite 4500, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Kristen A Marrone
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 301 Mason Lord Drive, Suite 4500, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
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25
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Schüssler M, Schott K, Fuchs NV, Oo A, Zahadi M, Rauch P, Kim B, König R. Gene editing of SAMHD1 in macrophage-like cells reveals complex relationships between SAMHD1 phospho-regulation, HIV-1 restriction, and cellular dNTP levels. mBio 2023; 14:e0225223. [PMID: 37800914 PMCID: PMC10653793 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02252-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE We introduce BLaER1 cells as an alternative myeloid cell model in combination with CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing to study the influence of sterile α motif and HD domain-containing protein 1 (SAMHD1) T592 phosphorylation on anti-viral restriction and the control of cellular dNTP levels in an endogenous, physiologically relevant context. A proper understanding of the mechanism of the anti-viral function of SAMHD1 will provide attractive strategies aiming at selectively manipulating SAMHD1 without affecting other cellular functions. Even more, our toolkit may inspire further genetic analysis and investigation of restriction factors inhibiting retroviruses and their cellular function and regulation, leading to a deeper understanding of intrinsic anti-viral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Schüssler
- Host-Pathogen Interactions, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Schott
- Host-Pathogen Interactions, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | | | - Adrian Oo
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Morssal Zahadi
- Host-Pathogen Interactions, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Paula Rauch
- Host-Pathogen Interactions, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Baek Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Center for Drug Discovery, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Renate König
- Host-Pathogen Interactions, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
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26
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Banga R, Procopio FA, Lana E, Gladkov GT, Roseto I, Parsons EM, Lian X, Armani-Tourret M, Bellefroid M, Gao C, Kauzlaric A, Foglierini M, Alfageme-Abello O, Sluka SHM, Munoz O, Mastrangelo A, Fenwick C, Muller Y, Mkindi CG, Daubenberger C, Cavassini M, Trunfio R, Déglise S, Corpataux JM, Delorenzi M, Lichterfeld M, Pantaleo G, Perreau M. Lymph node dendritic cells harbor inducible replication-competent HIV despite years of suppressive ART. Cell Host Microbe 2023; 31:1714-1731.e9. [PMID: 37751747 PMCID: PMC11068440 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2023.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Although gut and lymph node (LN) memory CD4 T cells represent major HIV and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) tissue reservoirs, the study of the role of dendritic cells (DCs) in HIV persistence has long been limited to the blood due to difficulties to access lymphoid tissue samples. In this study, we show that LN migratory and resident DC subpopulations harbor distinct phenotypic and transcriptomic profiles. Interestingly, both LN DC subpopulations contain HIV intact provirus and inducible replication-competent HIV despite the expression of the antiviral restriction factor SAMHD1. Notably, LN DC subpopulations isolated from HIV-infected individuals treated for up to 14 years are transcriptionally silent but harbor replication-competent virus that can be induced upon TLR7/8 stimulation. Taken together, these results uncover a potential important contribution of LN DCs to HIV infection in the presence of ART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riddhima Banga
- Services of Immunology and Allergy, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Andrea Procopio
- Services of Immunology and Allergy, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Erica Lana
- Services of Immunology and Allergy, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Elizabeth M Parsons
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Infectious Disease Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiaodong Lian
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Infectious Disease Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Ce Gao
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Annamaria Kauzlaric
- Translational Bioinformatics and Statistics Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne Swiss Cancer Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mathilde Foglierini
- Services of Immunology and Allergy, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Oscar Alfageme-Abello
- Services of Immunology and Allergy, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Susanna H M Sluka
- Newborn Screening Switzerland, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Olivia Munoz
- Services of Immunology and Allergy, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Mastrangelo
- Services of Immunology and Allergy, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Craig Fenwick
- Services of Immunology and Allergy, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Yannick Muller
- Services of Immunology and Allergy, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Catherine Gerald Mkindi
- Ifakara Health Institute, Bagamoyo, United Republic of Tanzania; Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Clinical Immunology Unit, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Daubenberger
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Infection Biology, Clinical Immunology Unit, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Cavassini
- Services of Infectious Diseases, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rafael Trunfio
- Services of Vascular Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sébastien Déglise
- Services of Vascular Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Marc Corpataux
- Services of Vascular Surgery, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mauro Delorenzi
- Translational Bioinformatics and Statistics Department of Oncology, University of Lausanne Swiss Cancer Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mathias Lichterfeld
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA; Infectious Disease Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Giuseppe Pantaleo
- Services of Immunology and Allergy, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland; Swiss Vaccine Research Institute, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Matthieu Perreau
- Services of Immunology and Allergy, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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27
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Syrigos GV, Feige M, Dirlam A, Businger R, Gruska I, Wiebusch L, Hamprecht K, Schindler M. Abemaciclib restricts HCMV replication by suppressing pUL97-mediated phosphorylation of SAMHD1. Antiviral Res 2023; 217:105689. [PMID: 37516154 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a herpesvirus that causes life-threatening infections in newborns or immunosuppressed patients. For viral replication, HCMV establishes a network of cellular interactions, among others cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK). Furthermore, HCMV encodes pUL97, a viral kinase, which is a CDK-homologue. HCMV uses pUL97 in order to phosphorylate and thereby antagonize SAMHD1, an antiviral host cell factor. Since HCMV has several mechanisms to evade restriction by SAMHD1, we first analyzed the kinetics of SAMHD1-inactivation and found that phosphorylation of SAMHD1 by pUL97 occurs directly after infection of macrophages. We hence hypothesized that inhibition of this process qualifies as efficient antiviral target and FDA approved CDK-inhibitors (CDKIs) might be potent antivirals that prevent the inactivation of SAMHD1. Indeed, Abemaciclib, a 2nd generation CDKI exhibited superior IC50s against HCMV in infected macrophages and the antiviral activity largely relied on its ability to block pUL97-mediated SAMHD1-phosphorylation. Altogether, our study highlights the therapeutic potential of clinically-approved CDKIs as antivirals against HCMV, sheds light on their mode of action and establishes SAMHD1 as a valid and highly potent therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Vavouras Syrigos
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Maximilian Feige
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Alicia Dirlam
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ramona Businger
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Iris Gruska
- Laboratory of Molecular Pediatrics, Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lüder Wiebusch
- Laboratory of Molecular Pediatrics, Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Hamprecht
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Schindler
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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28
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Maehigashi T, Lim C, Wade LR, Bowen NE, Knecht KM, Alvarez NN, Kelly WG, Schinazi RF, Kim DH, Xiong Y, Kim B. Biochemical functions and structure of Caenorhabditis elegans ZK177.8 protein: Aicardi-Goutières syndrome SAMHD1 dNTPase ortholog. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105148. [PMID: 37567474 PMCID: PMC10485159 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in sterile alpha motif domain and histidine-aspartate domain-containing protein 1 (SAMHD1) are found in a neurodevelopmental disorder, Aicardi-Goutières syndrome, and cancers, and SAMHD1, which is a deoxynucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) triphosphorylase, was identified as a myeloid-specific HIV-1 restriction factor. Here, we characterized the enzymology and structure of an SAMHD1 ortholog of Caenorhabditis elegans, ZK177.8, which also reportedly induces developmental defects upon gene knockdown. We found ZK177.8 protein is a dNTPase allosterically regulated by dGTP. The active site of ZK177.8 recognizes both 2' OH and triphosphate moieties of dNTPs but not base moiety. The dGTP activator induces the formation of the enzymatically active ZK177.8 tetramers, and ZK177.8 protein lowers cellular dNTP levels in a human monocytic cell line. Finally, ZK177.8 tetramers display very similar X-ray crystal structure with human and mouse SAMHD1s except that its lack of the canonical sterile alpha motif domain. This striking conservation in structure, function, and allosteric regulatory mechanism for the hydrolysis of the DNA building blocks supports their host developmental roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Maehigashi
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Christopher Lim
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Lydia R Wade
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Nicole E Bowen
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kirsten M Knecht
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Natalie N Alvarez
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - William G Kelly
- Department of Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Raymond F Schinazi
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Center for ViroScience and Cure, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Dong-Hyun Kim
- Neurobiota Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Kyung-Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong Xiong
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
| | - Baek Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Center for ViroScience and Cure, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
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29
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Schüssler M, Schott K, Fuchs NV, Oo A, Zahadi M, Rauch P, Kim B, König R. Gene editing of SAMHD1 in macrophage-like cells reveals complex relationships between SAMHD1 phospho-regulation, HIV-1 restriction and cellular dNTP levels. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.24.554731. [PMID: 37662193 PMCID: PMC10473771 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.24.554731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Sterile α motif (SAM) and HD domain-containing protein 1 (SAMHD1) is a dNTP triphosphate triphosphohydrolase (dNTPase) and a potent restriction factor for immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1), active in myeloid and resting CD4+ T cells. The anti-viral activity of SAMHD1 is regulated by dephosphorylation of the residue T592. However, the impact of T592 phosphorylation on dNTPase activity is still under debate. Whether additional cellular functions of SAMHD1 impact anti-viral restriction is not completely understood. We report BLaER1 cells as a novel human macrophage HIV-1 infection model combined with CRISPR/Cas9 knock-in (KI) introducing specific mutations into the SAMHD1 locus to study mutations in a physiological context. Transdifferentiated BLaER1 cells harbor active dephosphorylated SAMHD1 that blocks HIV-1 reporter virus infection. As expected, homozygous T592E mutation, but not T592A, relieved a block to HIV-1 reverse transcription. Co-delivery of VLP-Vpx to SAMHD1 T592E KI mutant cells did not further enhance HIV-1 infection indicating the absence of an additional SAMHD1-mediated antiviral activity independent of T592 de-phosphorylation. T592E KI cells retained dNTP levels similar to WT cells indicating uncoupling of anti-viral and dNTPase activity of SAMHD1. The integrity of the catalytic site in SAMHD1 was critical for anti-viral activity, yet poor correlation of HIV-1 restriction and global cellular dNTP levels was observed in cells harboring catalytic core mutations. Together, we emphasize the complexity of the relationship between HIV-1 restriction, SAMHD1 enzymatic function and T592 phospho-regulation and provide novel tools for investigation in an endogenous and physiological context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Schüssler
- Host-Pathogen Interactions, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Schott
- Host-Pathogen Interactions, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | | | - Adrian Oo
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Morssal Zahadi
- Host-Pathogen Interactions, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Paula Rauch
- Host-Pathogen Interactions, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Baek Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, USA
- Center for Drug Discovery, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, USA
| | - Renate König
- Host-Pathogen Interactions, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
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30
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Bowen NE, Tao S, Cho YJ, Schinazi RF, Kim B. Vpx requires active cellular dNTP biosynthesis to effectively counteract the anti-lentivirus activity of SAMHD1 in macrophages. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104984. [PMID: 37390988 PMCID: PMC10374972 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 replication in primary monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) is kinetically restricted at the reverse transcription step due to the low deoxynucleoside triphosphates (dNTP) pools established by host dNTPase, SAM and HD domain containing protein 1 (SAMHD1). Lentiviruses such as HIV-2 and some Simian immunodeficiency virus counteract this restriction using viral protein X (Vpx), which proteosomally degrades SAMHD1 and elevates intracellular dNTP pools. However, how dNTP pools increase after Vpx degrades SAMHD1 in nondividing MDMs where no active dNTP biosynthesis is expected to exists remains unclear. In this study, we monitored known dNTP biosynthesis machinery during primary human monocyte differentiation to MDMs and unexpectedly found MDMs actively express dNTP biosynthesis enzymes such as ribonucleotide reductase, thymidine kinase 1, and nucleoside-diphosphate kinase. During differentiation from monocytes the expression levels of several biosynthesis enzymes are upregulated, while there is an increase in inactivating SAMHD1 phosphorylation. Correspondingly, we observed significantly lower levels of dNTPs in monocytes compared to MDMs. Without dNTP biosynthesis availability, Vpx failed to elevate dNTPs in monocytes, despite SAMHD1 degradation. These extremely low monocyte dNTP concentrations, which cannot be elevated by Vpx, impaired HIV-1 reverse transcription in a biochemical simulation. Furthermore, Vpx failed to rescue the transduction efficiency of a HIV-1 GFP vector in monocytes. Collectively, these data suggest that MDMs harbor active dNTP biosynthesis and Vpx requires this dNTP biosynthesis to elevate dNTP levels to effectively counteract SAMHD1 and relieve the kinetic block to HIV-1 reverse transcription in MDMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole E Bowen
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for ViroScience and Cure, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sijia Tao
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for ViroScience and Cure, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Young-Jae Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for ViroScience and Cure, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Raymond F Schinazi
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for ViroScience and Cure, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Baek Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for ViroScience and Cure, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA; Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
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31
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Eltalkhawy YM, Takahashi N, Ariumi Y, Shimizu J, Miyazaki K, Senju S, Suzu S. iPS cell-derived model to study the interaction between tissue macrophage and HIV-1. J Leukoc Biol 2023; 114:53-67. [PMID: 36976024 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite effective antiretroviral therapy, HIV-1 persists in cells, including macrophages, which is an obstacle to cure. However, the precise role of macrophages in HIV-1 infection remains unclear because they reside in tissues that are not easily accessible. Monocyte-derived macrophages are widely used as a model in which peripheral blood monocytes are cultured and differentiated into macrophages. However, another model is needed because recent studies revealed that most macrophages in adult tissues originate from the yolk sac and fetal liver precursors rather than monocytes, and the embryonic macrophages possess a self-renewal (proliferating) capacity that monocyte-derived macrophages lack. Here, we show that human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived immortalized macrophage-like cells are a useful self-renewing macrophage model. They proliferate in a cytokine-dependent manner, retain macrophage functions, support HIV-1 replication, and exhibit infected monocyte-derived macrophage-like phenotypes, such as enhanced tunneling nanotube formation and cell motility, as well as resistance to a viral cytopathic effect. However, several differences are also observed between monocyte-derived macrophages and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived immortalized macrophage-like cells, most of which can be explained by the proliferation of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived immortalized macrophage-like cells. For instance, proviruses with large internal deletions, which increased over time in individuals receiving antiretroviral therapy, are enriched more rapidly in induced pluripotent stem cell-derived immortalized macrophage-like cells. Interestingly, inhibition of viral transcription by HIV-1-suppressing agents is more obvious in induced pluripotent stem cell-derived immortalized macrophage-like cells. Collectively, our present study proposes that the model of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived immortalized macrophage-like cells is suitable for mimicking the interplay between HIV-1 and self-renewing tissue macrophages, the newly recognized major population in most tissues that cannot be fully modeled by monocyte-derived macrophages alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssef M Eltalkhawy
- Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Honjo 2-2-1, Kumamoto-city, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Naofumi Takahashi
- Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Honjo 2-2-1, Kumamoto-city, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Yasuo Ariumi
- Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Honjo 2-2-1, Kumamoto-city, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Jun Shimizu
- MiCAN Technologies Inc., Goryo-ohara 1-36, Kyoto 615-8245, Japan
| | - Kazuo Miyazaki
- MiCAN Technologies Inc., Goryo-ohara 1-36, Kyoto 615-8245, Japan
| | - Satoru Senju
- Department of Immunogenetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjo 2-2-1, Kumamoto-city, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Shinya Suzu
- Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Honjo 2-2-1, Kumamoto-city, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
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32
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Espada CE, Sari L, Cahill MP, Yang H, Phillips S, Martinez N, Kenney AD, Yount JS, Xiong Y, Lin MM, Wu L. SAMHD1 impairs type I interferon induction through the MAVS, IKKε, and IRF7 signaling axis during viral infection. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104925. [PMID: 37328105 PMCID: PMC10404699 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Sterile alpha motif and HD domain-containing protein 1 (SAMHD1) restricts human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection by reducing the intracellular dNTP pool. We have shown that SAMHD1 suppresses nuclear factor kappa-B activation and type I interferon (IFN-I) induction by viral infection and inflammatory stimuli. However, the mechanism by which SAMHD1 inhibits IFN-I remains unclear. Here, we show that SAMHD1 inhibits IFN-I activation induced by the mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein (MAVS). SAMHD1 interacted with MAVS and suppressed MAVS aggregation in response to Sendai virus infection in human monocytic THP-1 cells. This resulted in increased phosphorylation of TANK binding kinase 1 (TBK1), inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase epsilon (IKKε), and IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3). SAMHD1 suppressed IFN-I activation induced by IKKε and prevented IRF7 binding to the kinase domain of IKKε. We found that SAMHD1 interaction with the inhibitory domain (ID) of IRF7 (IRF7-ID) was necessary and sufficient for SAMHD1 suppression of IRF7-mediated IFN-I activation in HEK293T cells. Computational docking and molecular dynamics simulations revealed possible binding sites between IRF7-ID and full-length SAMHD1. Individual substitution of F411, E416, or V460 in IRF7-ID significantly reduced IRF7 transactivation activity and SAMHD1 binding. Furthermore, we investigated the role of SAMHD1 inhibition of IRF7-mediated IFN-I induction during HIV-1 infection. We found that THP-1 cells lacking IRF7 expression had reduced HIV-1 infection and viral transcription compared to control cells, indicating a positive role of IRF7 in HIV-1 infection. Our findings suggest that SAMHD1 suppresses IFN-I induction through the MAVS, IKKε, and IRF7 signaling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanza E Espada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Levent Sari
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Michael P Cahill
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Hua Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Stacia Phillips
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Nicholas Martinez
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Adam D Kenney
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jacob S Yount
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Yong Xiong
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Milo M Lin
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
| | - Li Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
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Yang H, Espada CE, Phillips S, Martinez N, Kenney AD, Yount JS, Xiong Y, Wu L. The host antiviral protein SAMHD1 suppresses NF-κB activation by interacting with the IKK complex during inflammatory responses and viral infection. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104750. [PMID: 37100289 PMCID: PMC10318468 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Sterile alpha motif and histidine-aspartate (HD) domain-containing protein 1 (SAMHD1) inhibits HIV-1 replication in nondividing cells by reducing the intracellular dNTP pool. SAMHD1 also suppresses NF-κB activation induced by inflammatory stimuli and viral infections. Specifically, SAMHD1-mediated reduction of NF-κB inhibitory protein (IκBα) phosphorylation is important for the suppression of NF-κB activation. However, while the inhibitors of NF-κB kinase subunit alpha and beta (IKKα and IKKβ) regulate IκBα phosphorylation, the mechanism by which SAMHD1 regulates phosphorylation of IκBα remains unclear. Here, we report that SAMHD1 suppresses phosphorylation of IKKα/β/γ via interaction with IKKα and IKKβ, thus inhibiting subsequent phosphorylation of IκBα in monocytic THP-1 cells and differentiated nondividing THP-1 cells. We show that knockout of SAMHD1 enhanced phosphorylation of IKKα, IKKβ, and IKKγ in THP-1 cells treated with the NF-κB activator lipopolysaccharide or infected with Sendai virus and SAMHD1 reconstitution inhibited phosphorylation of IKKα/β/γ in Sendai virus-infected THP-1 cells. We demonstrate that endogenous SAMHD1 interacted with IKKα and IKKβ in THP-1 cells and recombinant SAMHD1 bound to purified IKKα or IKKβ directly in vitro. Mapping of these protein interactions showed that the HD domain of SAMHD1 interacts with both IKKα and IKKβ and that the kinase domain of IKKα and the ubiquitin-like domain of IKKβ are required for their interactions with SAMHD1, respectively. Moreover, we found that SAMHD1 disrupts the interaction between upstream kinase TAK1 and IKKα or IKKβ. Our findings identify a new regulatory mechanism by which SAMHD1 inhibits phosphorylation of IκBα and NF-κB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Constanza E Espada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Stacia Phillips
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Nicholas Martinez
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Adam D Kenney
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jacob S Yount
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Yong Xiong
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Li Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
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Tsai MHC, Caswell SJ, Morris ER, Mann MC, Pennell S, Kelly G, Groom HCT, Taylor IA, Bishop KN. Attenuation of reverse transcriptase facilitates SAMHD1 restriction of HIV-1 in cycling cells. Retrovirology 2023; 20:5. [PMID: 37127613 PMCID: PMC10150492 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-023-00620-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND SAMHD1 is a deoxynucleotide triphosphohydrolase that restricts replication of HIV-1 in differentiated leucocytes. HIV-1 is not restricted in cycling cells and it has been proposed that this is due to phosphorylation of SAMHD1 at T592 in these cells inactivating the enzymatic activity. To distinguish between theories for how SAMHD1 restricts HIV-1 in differentiated but not cycling cells, we analysed the effects of substitutions at T592 on restriction and dNTP levels in both cycling and differentiated cells as well as tetramer stability and enzymatic activity in vitro. RESULTS We first showed that HIV-1 restriction was not due to SAMHD1 nuclease activity. We then characterised a panel of SAMHD1 T592 mutants and divided them into three classes. We found that a subset of mutants lost their ability to restrict HIV-1 in differentiated cells which generally corresponded with a decrease in triphosphohydrolase activity and/or tetramer stability in vitro. Interestingly, no T592 mutants were able to restrict WT HIV-1 in cycling cells, despite not being regulated by phosphorylation and retaining their ability to hydrolyse dNTPs. Lowering dNTP levels by addition of hydroxyurea did not give rise to restriction. Compellingly however, HIV-1 RT mutants with reduced affinity for dNTPs were significantly restricted by wild-type and T592 mutant SAMHD1 in both cycling U937 cells and Jurkat T-cells. Restriction correlated with reverse transcription levels. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, we found that the amino acid at residue 592 has a strong effect on tetramer formation and, although this is not a simple "on/off" switch, this does correlate with the ability of SAMHD1 to restrict HIV-1 replication in differentiated cells. However, preventing phosphorylation of SAMHD1 and/or lowering dNTP levels by adding hydroxyurea was not enough to restore restriction in cycling cells. Nonetheless, lowering the affinity of HIV-1 RT for dNTPs, showed that restriction is mediated by dNTP levels and we were able to observe for the first time that SAMHD1 is active and capable of inhibiting HIV-1 replication in cycling cells, if the affinity of RT for dNTPs is reduced. This suggests that the very high affinity of HIV-1 RT for dNTPs prevents HIV-1 restriction by SAMHD1 in cycling cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Han C Tsai
- Retroviral Replication Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- LabGenius, London, UK
| | - Sarah J Caswell
- Macromolecular Structure Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- AstraZeneca, Granta Park, Cambridge, UK
| | - Elizabeth R Morris
- Macromolecular Structure Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Department of Biosciences, University of Durham, Durham, UK
| | - Melanie C Mann
- Retroviral Replication Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Sartorius, Ulm, Germany
| | - Simon Pennell
- Structural Biology of DNA-Damage Signalling Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK
| | - Geoff Kelly
- The Medical Research Council Biomedical NMR Centre, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Harriet C T Groom
- Retroviral Replication Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ian A Taylor
- Macromolecular Structure Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Kate N Bishop
- Retroviral Replication Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK.
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Nair R, Pignot Y, Salinas-Illarena A, Bärreiter VA, Wratil PR, Keppler OT, Wichmann C, Baldauf HM. Purified recombinant lentiviral Vpx proteins maintain their SAMHD1 degradation efficiency in resting CD4 + T cells. Anal Biochem 2023; 670:115153. [PMID: 37037311 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2023.115153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Different protein purification methods exist. Yet, they need to be adapted for specific downstream applications to maintain functional integrity of the recombinant proteins. This study established a purification protocol for lentiviral Vpx (viral protein X) and test its ability to degrade sterile alpha motif and histidine-aspartate domain-containing protein 1 (SAMHD1) ex vivo in resting CD4+ T cells. For this purpose, we cloned a novel eukaryotic expression plasmid for Vpx including C-terminal 10x His- and HA-tags and confirmed that those tags did not alter the ability to degrade SAMHD1. We optimized purification conditions for Vpx produced in HEK293T cells with CHAPS as detergent and Co-NTA resins yielding the highest solubility and protein amounts. Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) further enhanced the purity of recombinant Vpx proteins. Importantly, nucleofection of resting CD4+ T cells demonstrated that purified recombinant Vpx protein efficiently degraded SAMHD1 in a proteasome-dependent manner. In conclusion, this protocol is suitable for functional downstream applications of recombinant Vpx and might be transferrable to other recombinant proteins with similar functions/properties as lentiviral Vpx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Nair
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Yanis Pignot
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Alejandro Salinas-Illarena
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Valentin A Bärreiter
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Paul R Wratil
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver T Keppler
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Wichmann
- Division of Transfusion Medicine, Cell Therapeutics and Haemostaseology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hanna-Mari Baldauf
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, Munich, Germany.
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Host Cell Restriction Factors Blocking Efficient Vector Transduction: Challenges in Lentiviral and Adeno-Associated Vector Based Gene Therapies. Cells 2023; 12:cells12050732. [PMID: 36899868 PMCID: PMC10001033 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy relies on the delivery of genetic material to the patient's cells in order to provide a therapeutic treatment. Two of the currently most used and efficient delivery systems are the lentiviral (LV) and adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors. Gene therapy vectors must successfully attach, enter uncoated, and escape host restriction factors (RFs), before reaching the nucleus and effectively deliver the therapeutic genetic instructions to the cell. Some of these RFs are ubiquitously expressed in mammalian cells, while others are cell-specific, and others still are expressed only upon induction by danger signals as type I interferons. Cell restriction factors have evolved to protect the organism against infectious diseases and tissue damage. These restriction factors can be intrinsic, directly acting on the vector, or related with the innate immune response system, acting indirectly through the induction of interferons, but both are intertwined. The innate immunity is the first line of defense against pathogens and, as such cells derived from myeloid progenitors (but not only), are well equipped with RFs to detect pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). In addition, some non-professional cells, such as epithelial cells, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts, play major roles in pathogen recognition. Unsurprisingly, foreign DNA and RNA molecules are among the most detected PAMPs. Here, we review and discuss identified RFs that block LV and AAV vector transduction, hindering their therapeutic efficacy.
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Eschke M, Moore PF, Chang H, Alber G, Keller SM. Canine peripheral blood TCRαβ T cell atlas: Identification of diverse subsets including CD8A + MAIT-like cells by combined single-cell transcriptome and V(D)J repertoire analysis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1123366. [PMID: 36911660 PMCID: PMC9995359 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1123366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The dog is valued as a companion animal and increasingly recognized as a model for human disorders. Given the importance of T cells in health and disease, comprehensive knowledge of canine T cells can contribute to our understanding of pathogenesis mechanisms and inform the development of new treatment strategies. However, the diversity of canine T cells is still poorly understood mainly due to the lack of species-reactive antibodies for use in flow cytometry. The aim of this study was to generate a detailed atlas of peripheral blood TCRαβ+ T cells of healthy dogs using single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNAseq) combined with immune repertoire sequencing. A total of 22 TCRαβ+ T cell clusters were identified, which were classified into three major groups: CD4-dominant (11 clusters), CD8A-dominant (8 clusters), and CD4/CD8A-mixed (3 clusters). Based on differential gene expression, distinct differentiation states (naïve, effector, memory, exhausted) and lineages (e.g. CD4 T helper and regulatory T cells) could be distinguished. Importantly, several T cell populations were identified, which have not been described in dogs before. Of particular note, our data provide first evidence for the existence of canine mucosa-associated invariant T cell (MAIT)-like cells, representing one of three newly identified FCER1G+ innate-like CD8A+ T cell populations in the peripheral blood of healthy dogs. In conclusion, using scRNAseq combined with immune repertoire sequencing we were able to resolve canine TCRαβ+ T cell populations at unprecedented resolution. The peripheral blood TCRαβ+ T cell atlas of healthy dogs generated here represents an important reference data set for future studies and is of relevance for identifying new targets for T cell-specific therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Eschke
- Institute of Immunology/Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter F Moore
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Haiyang Chang
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Gottfried Alber
- Institute of Immunology/Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan M Keller
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
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Chu C, Armenia D, Walworth C, Santoro MM, Shafer RW. Genotypic Resistance Testing of HIV-1 DNA in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells. Clin Microbiol Rev 2022; 35:e0005222. [PMID: 36102816 PMCID: PMC9769561 DOI: 10.1128/cmr.00052-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 DNA exists in nonintegrated linear and circular episomal forms and as integrated proviruses. In patients with plasma viremia, most peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) HIV-1 DNA consists of recently produced nonintegrated virus DNA while in patients with prolonged virological suppression (VS) on antiretroviral therapy (ART), most PBMC HIV-1 DNA consists of proviral DNA produced months to years earlier. Drug-resistance mutations (DRMs) in PBMCs are more likely to coexist with ancestral wild-type virus populations than they are in plasma, explaining why next-generation sequencing is particularly useful for the detection of PBMC-associated DRMs. In patients with ongoing high levels of active virus replication, the DRMs detected in PBMCs and in plasma are usually highly concordant. However, in patients with lower levels of virus replication, it may take several months for plasma virus DRMs to reach detectable levels in PBMCs. This time lag explains why, in patients with VS, PBMC genotypic resistance testing (GRT) is less sensitive than historical plasma virus GRT, if previous episodes of virological failure and emergent DRMs were either not prolonged or not associated with high levels of plasma viremia. Despite the increasing use of PBMC GRT in patients with VS, few studies have examined the predictive value of DRMs on the response to a simplified ART regimen. In this review, we summarize what is known about PBMC HIV-1 DNA dynamics, particularly in patients with suppressed plasma viremia, the methods used for PBMC HIV-1 GRT, and the scenarios in which PBMC GRT has been used clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Chu
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Daniele Armenia
- UniCamillus, Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, Rome, Italy
| | - Charles Walworth
- LabCorp-Monogram Biosciences, South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Maria M. Santoro
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, Rome, Italy
| | - Robert W. Shafer
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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Sharifi HJ, Paine DN, Fazzari VA, Tipple AF, Patterson E, de Noronha CMC. Sulforaphane Reduces SAMHD1 Phosphorylation To Protect Macrophages from HIV-1 Infection. J Virol 2022; 96:e0118722. [PMID: 36377871 PMCID: PMC9749475 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01187-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular protein SAMHD1 is important for DNA repair, suppressing LINE elements, controlling deoxynucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) concentrations, maintaining HIV-1 latency, and preventing excessive type I interferon responses. SAMHD1 is also a potent inhibitor of HIV-1 and other significant viral pathogens. Infection restriction is due in part to the deoxynucleoside triphosphatase (dNTPase) activity of SAMHD1 but is also mediated through a dNTPase-independent mechanism that has been described but not explored. The phosphorylation of SAMHD1 at threonine 592 (T592) controls many of its functions. Retroviral restriction, irrespective of dNTPase activity, is linked to unphosphorylated T592. Sulforaphane (SFN), an isothiocyanate, protects macrophages from HIV infection by mobilizing the transcription factor and antioxidant response regulator Nrf2. Here, we show that SFN and other clinically relevant Nrf2 mobilizers reduce SAMHD1 T592 phosphorylation to protect macrophages from HIV-1. We further show that SFN, through Nrf2, triggers the upregulation of the cell cycle control protein p21 in human monocyte-derived macrophages to contribute to SAMHD1 activation. We additionally present data that support another, potentially redox-dependent mechanism employed by SFN to contribute to SAMHD1 activation through reduced phosphorylation. This work establishes the use of exogenous Nrf2 mobilizers as a novel way to study virus restriction by SAMHD1 and highlights the Nrf2 pathway as a potential target for the therapeutic control of SAMHD1 cellular and antiviral functions. IMPORTANCE Here, we show, for the first time, that the treatment of macrophages with Nrf2 mobilizers, known activators of antioxidant responses, increases the fraction of SAMHD1 without a regulatory phosphate at position 592. We demonstrate that this decreases infection of macrophages by HIV-1. Phosphorylated SAMHD1 is important for DNA repair, the suppression of LINE elements, the maintenance of HIV-1 in a latent state, and the prevention of excessive type I interferon responses, while unphosphorylated SAMHD1 blocks HIV infection. SAMHD1 impacts many viruses and is involved in various cancers, so knowledge of how it works and how it is regulated has broad implications for the development of therapeutics. Redox-modulating therapeutics are already in clinical use or under investigation for the treatment of many conditions. Thus, understanding the impact of redox modifiers on controlling SAMHD1 phosphorylation is important for many areas of research in microbiology and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. John Sharifi
- Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Dakota N. Paine
- Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Albany, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Emilee Patterson
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Carlos M. C. de Noronha
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
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Nanfack AJ, Ambada Ndzengue GE, Fokam J, Ka'e AC, Sonela N, Kenou L, Tsoptio M, Sagnia B, Elong E, Beloumou G, Perno CF, Colizzi V, Ndjolo A. Characterization of the Viral Reservoirs Among HIV-1 Non-B Vertically Infected Adolescents Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy: Protocol for an Observational and Comparative Study in Cameroon. JMIR Res Protoc 2022; 11:e41473. [PMID: 36449339 PMCID: PMC9752448 DOI: 10.2196/41473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antiretroviral therapy (ART) can bring HIV-1 levels in blood plasma to the undetectable level and allow a near-normal life expectancy for HIV-infected individuals. Unfortunately, ART is not curative and must be taken for life, because within a few weeks of treatment cessation, HIV viremia rebounds in most patients except for rare elite or posttreatment controllers of viremia. The primary source of this rebound is the highly stable reservoir of latent yet replication-competent HIV-1 proviruses integrated into the genomic DNA of the resting memory cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4+) T cells. To achieve a cure for HIV, understanding the cell reservoir environment is of paramount importance. The size and nature of the viral reservoir might vary according to the timing of therapy, therapeutic response, ART duration, and immune response. The mechanisms of reservoir maintenance generally depend on the levels/type of immune recognition; in addition, the dynamics of viral persistence are different between pediatric and adult populations. This difference could become more evident as children grow toward adolescence. OBJECTIVE We aim to characterize the HIV reservoirs and their variability as per the virological and immunological profiles of HIV-1 non-B vertically infected adolescents receiving ART in Cameroon during the Adolescents' Viral Reservoirs study to provide accurate and reliable data for HIV cure research. METHODS This study will involve HIV-1 non-B vertically infected adolescents selected from an existing cohort in our institution. Blood samples will be collected for analyzing immunological/virological profiles, including CD4/CD8 count, plasma viral load, immune activation/inflammatory markers, genotyping, and quantification of HIV-1 viral reservoirs. We will equally recruit an age-matched group of HIV-negative adolescents as control for immunological profiling. RESULTS This study received funding in November 2021 and was approved by the national institutional review board in December 2021. Sample collection will start in November 2022, and the study will last for 18 months. The HIV-1 sequences generated will provide information on the circulating HIV-1 subtypes to guide the selection of the most appropriate ART for the participants. The levels of immune biomarkers will help determine the immune profile and help identify factors driving persistent immune activation/inflammation in HIV-infected adolescents compared to those in HIV-uninfected adolescents. Analysis of the virological and immunological parameters in addition to the HIV-1 reservoir size will shed light on the characteristics of the viral reservoir in adolescents with HIV-1 non-B infection. CONCLUSIONS Our findings will help in advancing the knowledge on HIV reservoirs, in terms of size and genetic variability in adolescents living with HIV. Such evidence will also help in understanding the effects of ART timing and duration on the size of the reservoirs among adolescents living with HIV-a unique population from whom the findings generated will largely contribute to designing functional cure strategies. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/41473.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Georgia Elna Ambada Ndzengue
- International Reference Center Chantal Biya, Yaounde, Cameroon
- Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, University of Yaounde, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Joseph Fokam
- International Reference Center Chantal Biya, Yaounde, Cameroon
- Faculty of Health Science, University of Buea, Buea, Cameroon
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Yaounde, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Aude Christelle Ka'e
- International Reference Center Chantal Biya, Yaounde, Cameroon
- Department of Immunology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Nelson Sonela
- International Reference Center Chantal Biya, Yaounde, Cameroon
- Medical School, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Leslie Kenou
- International Reference Center Chantal Biya, Yaounde, Cameroon
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Protestant University of Central Africa, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Michelle Tsoptio
- International Reference Center Chantal Biya, Yaounde, Cameroon
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Bertrand Sagnia
- International Reference Center Chantal Biya, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Elise Elong
- International Reference Center Chantal Biya, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Grace Beloumou
- International Reference Center Chantal Biya, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | | | - Vittorio Colizzi
- International Reference Center Chantal Biya, Yaounde, Cameroon
- Department of Immunology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Alexis Ndjolo
- International Reference Center Chantal Biya, Yaounde, Cameroon
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Crater JM, Nixon DF, Furler O’Brien RL. HIV-1 replication and latency are balanced by mTOR-driven cell metabolism. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1068436. [PMID: 36467738 PMCID: PMC9712982 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1068436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human Immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) relies on host cell metabolism for all aspects of viral replication. Efficient HIV-1 entry, reverse transcription, and integration occurs in activated T cells because HIV-1 proteins co-opt host metabolic pathways to fuel the anabolic requirements of virion production. The HIV-1 viral life cycle is especially dependent on mTOR, which drives signaling and metabolic pathways required for viral entry, replication, and latency. As a central regulator of host cell metabolism, mTOR and its downstream effectors help to regulate the expression of enzymes within the glycolytic and pentose phosphate pathways along with other metabolic pathways regulating amino acid uptake, lipid metabolism, and autophagy. In HIV-1 pathogenesis, mTOR, in addition to HIF-1α and Myc signaling pathways, alter host cell metabolism to create an optimal environment for viral replication. Increased glycolysis and pentose phosphate pathway activity are required in the early stages of the viral life cycle, such as providing sufficient dNTPs for reverse transcription. In later stages, fatty acid synthesis is required for creating cholesterol and membrane lipids required for viral budding. Epigenetics of the provirus fueled by metabolism and mTOR signaling likewise controls active and latent infection. Acetyl-CoA and methyl group abundance, supplied by the TCA cycle and amino acid uptake respectively, may regulate latent infection and reactivation. Thus, understanding and exploring new connections between cellular metabolism and HIV-1 pathogenesis may yield new insights into the latent viral reservoirs and fuel novel treatments and cure strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robert L. Furler O’Brien
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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Kapoor-Vazirani P, Rath SK, Liu X, Shu Z, Bowen NE, Chen Y, Haji-Seyed-Javadi R, Daddacha W, Minten EV, Danelia D, Farchi D, Duong DM, Seyfried NT, Deng X, Ortlund EA, Kim B, Yu DS. SAMHD1 deacetylation by SIRT1 promotes DNA end resection by facilitating DNA binding at double-strand breaks. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6707. [PMID: 36344525 PMCID: PMC9640623 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34578-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Sterile alpha motif and HD domain-containing protein 1 (SAMHD1) has a dNTPase-independent function in promoting DNA end resection to facilitate DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair by homologous recombination (HR); however, it is not known if upstream signaling events govern this activity. Here, we show that SAMHD1 is deacetylated by the SIRT1 sirtuin deacetylase, facilitating its binding with ssDNA at DSBs, to promote DNA end resection and HR. SIRT1 complexes with and deacetylates SAMHD1 at conserved lysine 354 (K354) specifically in response to DSBs. K354 deacetylation by SIRT1 promotes DNA end resection and HR but not SAMHD1 tetramerization or dNTPase activity. Mechanistically, K354 deacetylation by SIRT1 promotes SAMHD1 recruitment to DSBs and binding to ssDNA at DSBs, which in turn facilitates CtIP ssDNA binding, leading to promotion of genome integrity. These findings define a mechanism governing the dNTPase-independent resection function of SAMHD1 by SIRT1 deacetylation in promoting HR and genome stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Kapoor-Vazirani
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Sandip K Rath
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Zhen Shu
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Nicole E Bowen
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Yitong Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Ramona Haji-Seyed-Javadi
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Waaqo Daddacha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Elizabeth V Minten
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Diana Danelia
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Daniela Farchi
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Duc M Duong
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Nicholas T Seyfried
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Xingming Deng
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Eric A Ortlund
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Baek Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - David S Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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Tada T, Norton TD, Leibowitz R, Landau NR. Directly injected lentiviral vector-based T cell vaccine protects mice against acute and chronic viral infection. JCI Insight 2022; 7:161598. [PMID: 35972807 PMCID: PMC9675446 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.161598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Lentiviral vector–based dendritic cell vaccines induce protective T cell responses against viral infection and cancer in animal models. In this study, we tested whether preventative and therapeutic vaccination could be achieved by direct injection of antigen-expressing lentiviral vector, obviating the need for ex vivo transduction of dendritic cells. Injected lentiviral vector preferentially transduced splenic dendritic cells and resulted in long-term expression. Injection of a lentiviral vector encoding an MHC class I–restricted T cell epitope of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) and CD40 ligand induced an antigen-specific cytolytic CD8+ T lymphocyte response that protected the mice from infection. The injection of chronically infected mice with a lentiviral vector encoding LCMV MHC class I and II T cell epitopes and a soluble programmed cell death 1 microbody rapidly cleared the virus. Vaccination by direct injection of lentiviral vector was more effective in sterile alpha motif and HD-domain containing protein 1–knockout (SAMHD1-knockout) mice, suggesting that lentiviral vectors containing Vpx, a lentiviral protein that increases the efficiency of dendritic cell transduction by inducing the degradation of SAMHD1, would be an effective strategy for the treatment of chronic disease in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Tada
- Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, United States of America
| | - Thomas D Norton
- Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, United States of America
| | - Rebecca Leibowitz
- Department of Microbiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, United States of America
| | - Nathaniel R Landau
- Department of Microbiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, United States of America
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Cisneros WJ, Cornish D, Hultquist JF. Application of CRISPR-Cas9 Gene Editing for HIV Host Factor Discovery and Validation. Pathogens 2022; 11:891. [PMID: 36015010 PMCID: PMC9415735 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11080891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) interacts with a wide array of host factors at each stage of its lifecycle to facilitate replication and circumvent the immune response. Identification and characterization of these host factors is critical for elucidating the mechanism of viral replication and for developing next-generation HIV-1 therapeutic and curative strategies. Recent advances in CRISPR-Cas9-based genome engineering approaches have provided researchers with an assortment of new, valuable tools for host factor discovery and interrogation. Genome-wide screening in a variety of in vitro cell models has helped define the critical host factors that play a role in various cellular and biological contexts. Targeted manipulation of specific host factors by CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene knock-out, overexpression, and/or directed repair have furthermore allowed for target validation in primary cell models and mechanistic inquiry through hypothesis-based testing. In this review, we summarize several CRISPR-based screening strategies for the identification of HIV-1 host factors and highlight how CRISPR-Cas9 approaches have been used to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of viral replication and host response. Finally, we examine promising new technologies in the CRISPR field and how these may be applied to address critical questions in HIV-1 biology going forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J. Cisneros
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Center for Pathogen Genomics and Microbial Evolution, Northwestern University Havey Institute for Global Health, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Daphne Cornish
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Center for Pathogen Genomics and Microbial Evolution, Northwestern University Havey Institute for Global Health, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Judd F. Hultquist
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Center for Pathogen Genomics and Microbial Evolution, Northwestern University Havey Institute for Global Health, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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You D, Zhang S, Yan S, Ding Y, Li C, Cheng X, Wu L, Wang W, Zhang T, Li Z, He Y. SAMHD1 as a prognostic and predictive biomarker in stage II colorectal cancer: A multicenter cohort study. Front Oncol 2022; 12:939982. [PMID: 35978833 PMCID: PMC9376296 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.939982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The identification of high-risk population patients is key to the personalized treatment options for the stage II colorectal cancers. The use of proteomics in the prognosis of patients with stage II colorectal cancer remains unclear. Methods Using quantitative proteomics, we analyzed proteins that are differentially expressed in the tumor and adjacent normal tissues of 11 paired colorectal cancer patients with and without recurrence selected by a nested case-control design. Of the 21 identified proteins, we selected one candidate protein. The association of the corresponding gene of the selected protein with overall survival (OS) and adjuvant chemotherapy was analyzed using two independent cohorts of patients with stages II colorectal cancer. Results Sterile α motif and histidine-aspartate domain-containing protein 1 (SAMHD1) was selected as the candidate biomarker. A group of 124 patients (12.5%) were stratified into SAMHD1-high subgroup. The 5-year OS rate of SAMHD1-high patients was lower than that of SAMHD1-low patients with stage II colorectal cancer (discovery cohort: hazard ratio [HR] = 2.89, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.17-7.18, P = 0.016; validation cohort: HR = 2.25, 95% CI, 1.17-4.34, P = 0.013). The Cox multivariate analysis yielded similar results. In a pooled database, the 5-year OS rate was significantly different between patients with and without adjuvant chemotherapy among stage II SAMHD1-low tumors than in patients with stage II SAMHD1-high tumors (88% vs. 77%, P = 0.032). Conclusions SAMHD1-high expression could help in identifying patients with stage II colorectal cancer with poor prognosis and less benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingyun You
- Department of Dental Research, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shan Yan
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yingying Ding
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Yunnan Cancer Center, Kunming, China
| | - Chunxia Li
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xianshuo Cheng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Yunnan Cancer Center, Kunming, China
| | - Lin Wu
- Department of Pathology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Yunnan Cancer Center, Kunming, China
| | - Weizhou Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhenhui Li
- Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunnan Cancer Hospital, Yunnan Cancer Center, Kunming, China
| | - Yongwen He
- Department of Dental Research, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
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Greiner D, Scott TM, Olson GS, Aderem A, Roh-Johnson M, Johnson JS. Genetic Modification of Primary Human Myeloid Cells to Study Cell Migration, Activation, and Organelle Dynamics. Curr Protoc 2022; 2:e514. [PMID: 36018279 PMCID: PMC9476234 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages are mononuclear phagocytes with key roles in the immune system. As antigen-presenting cells, they link innate detection of microbes with programming adaptive immune responses. Myeloid DCs and macrophages also play critical roles in development, promote tissue homeostasis, and direct repair in response to injury and inflammation. As cellular migration and organelle dynamics are intimately connected with these processes, it is necessary to develop tools to track myeloid cell behavior and function. Here, we build on previously established protocols to isolate primary human myeloid cells from peripheral blood and report an optimized method for their genetic modification with lentiviral vectors to study processes related to cell migration, activation, and organelle dynamics. Specifically, we provide a protocol for delivering genetically encoded fluorescent markers into primary monocyte-derived DCs (MDDCs) and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) to label mitochondria, peroxisomes, and whole cells. We describe the isolation of primary CD14+ monocytes from peripheral blood using positive selection with magnetic beads and, alternatively, isolation based on plastic adherence. Isolated CD14+ cells can be transduced with lentiviral vectors and subsequently cultured in the presence of cytokines to derive MDDCs or MDMs. This protocol is highly adaptable for cotransduction with vectors to knock down or overexpress genes of interest. These tools enable mechanistic studies of genetically modified myeloid cells through flow cytometry, fluorescence microscopy, and other downstream assays. © 2022 Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol: Transduction of MDDCs and MDMs with lentiviral vectors encoding fluorescent markers Alternate Protocol 1: Isolation of monocytes by plastic adhesion Alternate Protocol 2: Transduction of MDDCs and MDMs with lentiviral vectors to knock down or overexpress genes of interest Support Protocol 1: Production and purification of lentiviral vectors for transduction into primary human myeloid cells Support Protocol 2: Flow cytometry of MDDCs and MDMs Support Protocol 3: Fixed and live-cell imaging of fluorescent markers in MDMs and MDDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Greiner
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine; Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Tiana M. Scott
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine; Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah School of Medicine; Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Gregory S. Olson
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Alan Aderem
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Minna Roh-Johnson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine; Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Jarrod S. Johnson
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine; Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
- Division of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Utah School of Medicine; Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
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Tetraspanins interweave EV secretion, endosomal network dynamics and cellular metabolism. Eur J Cell Biol 2022; 101:151229. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2022.151229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Bowen NE, Oo A, Kim B. Mechanistic Interplay between HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase Enzyme Kinetics and Host SAMHD1 Protein: Viral Myeloid-Cell Tropism and Genomic Mutagenesis. Viruses 2022; 14:v14081622. [PMID: 35893688 PMCID: PMC9331428 DOI: 10.3390/v14081622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase (RT) has been the primary interest among studies on antiviral discovery, viral replication kinetics, drug resistance, and viral evolution. Following infection and entry into target cells, the HIV-1 core disassembles, and the viral RT concomitantly converts the viral RNA into double-stranded proviral DNA, which is integrated into the host genome. The successful completion of the viral life cycle highly depends on the enzymatic DNA polymerase activity of RT. Furthermore, HIV-1 RT has long been known as an error-prone DNA polymerase due to its lack of proofreading exonuclease properties. Indeed, the low fidelity of HIV-1 RT has been considered as one of the key factors in the uniquely high rate of mutagenesis of HIV-1, which leads to efficient viral escape from immune and therapeutic antiviral selective pressures. Interestingly, a series of studies on the replication kinetics of HIV-1 in non-dividing myeloid cells and myeloid specific host restriction factor, SAM domain, and HD domain-containing protein, SAMHD1, suggest that the myeloid cell tropism and high rate of mutagenesis of HIV-1 are mechanistically connected. Here, we review not only HIV-1 RT as a key antiviral target, but also potential evolutionary and mechanistic crosstalk among the unique enzymatic features of HIV-1 RT, the replication kinetics of HIV-1, cell tropism, viral genetic mutation, and host SAMHD1 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole E. Bowen
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (N.E.B.); (A.O.)
| | - Adrian Oo
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (N.E.B.); (A.O.)
| | - Baek Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA; (N.E.B.); (A.O.)
- Center for Drug Discovery, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
- Correspondence:
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Productive Replication of HIV-1 but Not SIVmac in Small Ruminant Cells. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11070799. [PMID: 35890043 PMCID: PMC9316499 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11070799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal lentiviruses (LVs) have been proven to have the capacity to cross the species barrier, to adapt in the new hosts, and to increase their pathogenesis, therefore leading to the emergence of threatening diseases. However, their potential for widespread diffusion is limited by restrictive cellular factors that block viral replication in the cells of many species. In previous studies, we demonstrated that the restriction of CAEV infection of sheep choroid plexus cells was due to aberrant post-translation cleavage of the CAEV Env gp170 precursor. Later, we showed that the lack of specific receptor(s) for caprine encephalitis arthritis virus (CAEV) on the surface of human cells was the only barrier to their infection. Here, we examined whether small ruminant (SR) cells can support the replication of primate LVs. Three sheep and goat cell lines were inoculated with cell-free HIV-1 and SIVmac viral stocks or transfected with infectious molecular clone DNAs of these viruses. The two recombinant lentiviral clones contained the green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter sequence. Infection was detected by GFP expression in target cells, and the infectious virus produced and released in the culture medium of treated cells was detected using the indicator TZM-bl cell line. Pseudotyped HIV-GFP and SIV-GFP with vesicular stomatitis virus G glycoprotein (VSV-G) allowed the cell receptors to be overcome for virus entry to further evaluate the viral replication/restriction in SR cells. As expected, neither HIV nor SIV viruses infected any of the SR cells. In contrast, the transfection of plasmid DNAs of the infectious molecular clones of both viruses in SR cells produced high titers of infectious viruses for human indicators, but not SR cell lines. Surprisingly, SR cells inoculated with HIV-GFP/VSV-G, but not SIV-GFP/VSV-G, expressed the GFP and produced a virus that efficiently infected the human indictor, but not the SR cells. Collectively, these data provide a demonstration of the lack of replication of the SIVmac genome in SR cells, while, in contrast, there was no restriction on the replication of the IV-1 genome in these cells. However, because of the lack of functional receptors to SIVmac and HIV-1 at the surface of SR cells, there is specific lentiviral entry.
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Insights into the HIV-1 Latent Reservoir and Strategies to Cure HIV-1 Infection. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:6952286. [PMID: 35664434 PMCID: PMC9157282 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6952286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Since the first discovery of human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) in 1983, the targeted treatment, antiretroviral therapy (ART), has effectively limited the detected plasma viremia below a very low level and the technique has been improved rapidly. However, due to the persistence of the latent reservoir of replication-competent HIV-1 in patients treated with ART, a sudden withdrawal of the drug inevitably results in HIV viral rebound and HIV progression. Therefore, more understanding of the HIV-1 latent reservoir (LR) is the priority before developing a cure that thoroughly eliminates the reservoir. HIV-1 spreads through both the release of cell-free particles and by cell-to-cell transmission. Mounting evidence indicates that cell-to-cell transmission is more efficient than cell-free transmission of particles and likely influences the pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection. This mode of viral transmission also influences the generation and maintenance of the latent reservoir, which represents the main obstacle for curing the infection. In this review, the definition, establishment, and maintenance of the HIV-1 LR, along with the state-of-the-art quantitative approaches that directly quantify HIV-1 intact proviruses, are elucidated. Strategies to cure HIV infection are highlighted. This review will renew hope for a better and more thorough cure of HIV infection for mankind and encourage more clinical trials to achieve ART-free HIV remission.
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