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Iacucci M, Santacroce G, Zammarchi I, Maeda Y, Del Amor R, Meseguer P, Kolawole BB, Chaudhari U, Di Sabatino A, Danese S, Mori Y, Grisan E, Naranjo V, Ghosh S. Artificial intelligence and endo-histo-omics: new dimensions of precision endoscopy and histology in inflammatory bowel disease. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 9:758-772. [PMID: 38759661 DOI: 10.1016/s2468-1253(24)00053-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Integrating artificial intelligence into inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has the potential to revolutionise clinical practice and research. Artificial intelligence harnesses advanced algorithms to deliver accurate assessments of IBD endoscopy and histology, offering precise evaluations of disease activity, standardised scoring, and outcome prediction. Furthermore, artificial intelligence offers the potential for a holistic endo-histo-omics approach by interlacing and harmonising endoscopy, histology, and omics data towards precision medicine. The emerging applications of artificial intelligence could pave the way for personalised medicine in IBD, offering patient stratification for the most beneficial therapy with minimal risk. Although artificial intelligence holds promise, challenges remain, including data quality, standardisation, reproducibility, scarcity of randomised controlled trials, clinical implementation, ethical concerns, legal liability, and regulatory issues. The development of standardised guidelines and interdisciplinary collaboration, including policy makers and regulatory agencies, is crucial for addressing these challenges and advancing artificial intelligence in IBD clinical practice and trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marietta Iacucci
- APC Microbiome Ireland, College of Medicine and Health, University College of Cork, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Giovanni Santacroce
- APC Microbiome Ireland, College of Medicine and Health, University College of Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Irene Zammarchi
- APC Microbiome Ireland, College of Medicine and Health, University College of Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Yasuharu Maeda
- APC Microbiome Ireland, College of Medicine and Health, University College of Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Rocío Del Amor
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Bioingeniería, HUMAN-tech, Universitat Politècnica de València, València, Spain
| | - Pablo Meseguer
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Bioingeniería, HUMAN-tech, Universitat Politècnica de València, València, Spain; Valencian Graduate School and Research Network of Artificial Intelligence, Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | - Antonio Di Sabatino
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; First Department of Internal Medicine, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Silvio Danese
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele and University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Yuichi Mori
- Clinical Effectiveness Research Group, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Digestive Disease Center, Showa University Northern Yokohama Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Enrico Grisan
- School of Engineering, London South Bank University, London, UK
| | - Valery Naranjo
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Bioingeniería, HUMAN-tech, Universitat Politècnica de València, València, Spain
| | - Subrata Ghosh
- APC Microbiome Ireland, College of Medicine and Health, University College of Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Atreya R, Neurath MF. Biomarkers for Personalizing IBD Therapy: The Quest Continues. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 22:1353-1364. [PMID: 38320679 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2024.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Despite recent advances in the understanding of the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and advent of multiple targeted therapies, approximately one-third of patients are primary non-responders to initiated treatment, and half of patients lose response over time. There is currently a lack of available biomarkers that would prognosticate therapeutic effectiveness of these advanced therapies. This is partly explained by insufficient characterization of the functional roles assumed by the chosen molecular targets during disease treatment. There is a dire need for validated objective biomarkers, which could be indicators of a biological process, that can be applied in clinical practice to assist us in assigning therapies to patients with the highest probability of response. An appropriate molecular and cellular characterization that accounts for the interindividual differences in drug efficacy and potential side effects would help to guide clinicians in the management of patients with IBD and represent a major step to tailor a more personalized approach to treatment. An appropriate combination of complementing biomarkers should ideally incorporate a multimodal analysis in which genetic, microbial, transcriptional, proteomic, metabolic, and immunologic data are combined to enable a truly personalized approach. This would classify patients into disease subgroups according to molecular characteristics, which would enable us to initiate the most appropriate therapeutic substance. Emergence of single-cell technologies to map the intestinal cellular landscape and multiomic approaches have helped to further dissect the pathogenic mechanisms of mucosal inflammation, but the clinical translation of potential biomarkers remains cumbersome, and an ongoing concerted effort by the IBD community is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Atreya
- First Department of Medicine, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Markus F Neurath
- First Department of Medicine, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
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3
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Atreya R. Glowing insights: tracking vedolizumab in the mucosa of patients with IBD via molecular endoscopy. Gut 2024:gutjnl-2024-332503. [PMID: 38821860 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2024-332503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Raja Atreya
- First Department of Medicine, Erlangen University Hospital, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
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4
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Vonk J, Dierckx RAJO, Keereweer S, Vahrmeijer AL, Verburg FA, Kruijff S. Why and how optical molecular imaging should further be catalyzed by nuclear medicine and molecular imaging: report from the EANM piloting group. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2024:10.1007/s00259-024-06729-3. [PMID: 38787394 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-024-06729-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- J Vonk
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - R A J O Dierckx
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - S Keereweer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - A L Vahrmeijer
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - F A Verburg
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - S Kruijff
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Medical Imaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Tang CT, Yin F, Yin Y, Liu Z, Long S, Zeng CY, Chen Y, Chen YX. Are Radiomic Spleen Features Useful for Assessing the Response to Infliximab in Patients With Crohn's Disease? A Multicenter Study. Clin Transl Gastroenterol 2024; 15:e00693. [PMID: 38407213 PMCID: PMC11124652 DOI: 10.14309/ctg.0000000000000693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To develop and validate a radiomics nomogram for assessing the response of patients with Crohn's disease (CD) to infliximab. METHODS Radiomics features of the spleen were extracted from computed tomography enterography images of each patient's arterial phase. The feature selection process was performed using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator algorithm, and a radiomics score was calculated based on the radiomics signature formula. Subsequently, the radiomic model and the clinical risk factor model were separately established based on the radiomics score and clinically significant features, respectively. The performance of both models was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curves, decision curve analysis curves, and clinical impact curves. RESULTS Among the 175 patients with CD, 105 exhibited a clinical response, and 60 exhibited clinical remission after receiving infliximab treatment. Our radiomic model, comprising 20 relevant features, demonstrated excellent predictive performance. The radiomic nomogram for predicting clinical response showed good calibration and discrimination in the training cohort (area under the curve [AUC] 0.909, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.840-0.978), the validation cohort (AUC 0.954, 95% CI 0.889-1), and the external cohort (AUC = 0.902, 95% CI 0.83-0.974). Accordingly, the nomogram was also suitable for predicting clinical remission. Decision curve analysis and clinical impact curves highlighted the clinical utility of our nomogram. DISCUSSION Our radiomics nomogram is a noninvasive predictive tool constructed from radiomic features of the spleen. It also demonstrated good predictive accuracy in evaluating CD patients' response to infliximab treatment. Multicenter validation provided high-level evidence for its clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Tao Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China;
- Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Yin
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China;
| | - Yitian Yin
- Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zide Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China;
| | - Shunhua Long
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China;
| | - Chun-Yan Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China;
| | - Yong Chen
- Postdoctoral Innovation Practice Base, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - You-Xiang Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China;
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Gabriëls RY, van der Waaij AM, Linssen MD, Dobosz M, Volkmer P, Jalal S, Robinson D, Hermoso MA, Lub-de Hooge MN, Festen EAM, Kats-Ugurlu G, Dijkstra G, Nagengast WB. Fluorescently labelled vedolizumab to visualise drug distribution and mucosal target cells in inflammatory bowel disease. Gut 2024:gutjnl-2023-331696. [PMID: 38580386 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2023-331696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Improving patient selection and development of biological therapies such as vedolizumab in IBD requires a thorough understanding of the mechanism of action and target binding, thereby providing individualised treatment strategies. We aimed to visualise the macroscopic and microscopic distribution of intravenous injected fluorescently labelled vedolizumab, vedo-800CW, and identify its target cells using fluorescence molecular imaging (FMI). DESIGN Forty three FMI procedures were performed, which consisted of macroscopic in vivo assessment during endoscopy, followed by macroscopic and microscopic ex vivo imaging. In phase A, patients received an intravenous dose of 4.5 mg, 15 mg vedo-800CW or no tracer prior to endoscopy. In phase B, patients received 15 mg vedo-800CW preceded by an unlabelled (sub)therapeutic dose of vedolizumab. RESULTS FMI quantification showed a dose-dependent increase in vedo-800CW fluorescence intensity in inflamed tissues, with 15 mg (153.7 au (132.3-163.7)) as the most suitable tracer dose compared with 4.5 mg (55.3 au (33.6-78.2)) (p=0.0002). Moreover, the fluorescence signal decreased by 61% when vedo-800CW was administered after a therapeutic dose of unlabelled vedolizumab, suggesting target saturation in the inflamed tissue. Fluorescence microscopy and immunostaining showed that vedolizumab penetrated the inflamed mucosa and was associated with several immune cell types, most prominently with plasma cells. CONCLUSION These results indicate the potential of FMI to determine the local distribution of drugs in the inflamed target tissue and identify drug target cells, providing new insights into targeted agents for their use in IBD. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT04112212.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Y Gabriëls
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anne M van der Waaij
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Matthijs D Linssen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Dobosz
- Department of Oncology and Immuno-Oncology, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals inc, Tarrytown, New York, USA
| | - Pia Volkmer
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sumreen Jalal
- Department of Oncology and Immuno-Oncology, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals inc, Tarrytown, New York, USA
| | - Dominic Robinson
- Centre for Optical Diagnostics and Therapy, Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcela A Hermoso
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Program of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marjolijn N Lub-de Hooge
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Eleonora A M Festen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gursah Kats-Ugurlu
- Department of Pathology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerard Dijkstra
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter B Nagengast
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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7
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Quénéhervé L, Trang-Poisson C, Fantou A, Flamant M, Durand T, Bouguen G, Bregeon J, Oullier T, Amil M, Dewitte M, Bardot S, Blandin S, Braudeau C, Vibet MA, Josien R, Neunlist M, Bourreille A. Confocal laser endomicroscopy as predictive biomarker of clinical and endoscopic efficacy of vedolizumab in ulcerative colitis: The DETECT study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298313. [PMID: 38564601 PMCID: PMC10986992 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS In patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), no biomarker is available to help the physician to choose the most suitable biotherapy. The primary objective of this pilot study was to assess the feasibility of identification of α4β7- and TNF-expressing cells, to predict the response to vedolizumab using confocal laser endoscopy (CLE). METHODS Patients with moderate-to-severe UC, naïve of biotherapy, received vedolizumab. Clinical evaluation was performed at each infusion. Endoscopic evaluation was performed before inclusion and at week 22. Fresh colonic biopsies were stained using FITC-labelled vedolizumab and Alexa fluor-labelled adalimumab and ex vivo dual-band CLE images were acquired. Blood samples were collected to measure trough concentrations of vedolizumab and to determine absolute counts of T and B cells subpopulations, NK cells and monocytes. RESULTS Nineteen patients were enrolled in the study and received at least one dose of vedolizumab. Clinical remission and endoscopic improvement were observed in 58% of whom 5 patients (45%) had an endoscopic subscore of 0. In terms of clinical response and remission, endoscopic improvement and histologic response, FITC-conjugated vedolizumab staining tended to be higher in responder patients compared to non-responders at week 22. A threshold value of 6 positive FITC-vedolizumab staining areas detected by CLE seemed informative to discriminate the responders and non-responders. The results were similar in terms of clinical remission and endoscopic improvement with a sensitivity of 78% and a specificity of 85% (p = 0.05). Trough concentrations and blood immune cells were not associated with responses to vedolizumab. CONCLUSION This pilot study demonstrate that dual-band CLE is feasible to detect α4β7- and TNF-expressing cells. Positive α4β7 staining seems to be associated with clinical and endoscopic remission in UC patients treated by anti-α4β7-integrin, subject to validation by larger-scale studies. Clinical-trial.gov: NCT02878083.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucille Quénéhervé
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Brest, Brest, France
| | - Caroline Trang-Poisson
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Institut des Maladies de l’Appareil Digestif (IMAD), Hépato-Gastroentérologie, Inserm CIC 1413, Nantes, France
| | - Aurélie Fantou
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CRT2I, UMR Inserm 1064, Nantes, France
| | - Mathurin Flamant
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Institut des Maladies de l’Appareil Digestif (IMAD), Hépato-Gastroentérologie, Inserm CIC 1413, Nantes, France
| | - Tony Durand
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Institut des Maladies de l’Appareil Digestif (IMAD), UMR Inserm 1235 TENS, Nantes, France
| | - Guillaume Bouguen
- Université de Rennes, CHU Rennes, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolism and Cancer), Hepato-Gastroenterologie, Inserm CIC1414, Rennes, France
| | - Jérémy Bregeon
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Institut des Maladies de l’Appareil Digestif (IMAD), UMR Inserm 1235 TENS, Nantes, France
| | - Thibauld Oullier
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Institut des Maladies de l’Appareil Digestif (IMAD), UMR Inserm 1235 TENS, Nantes, France
| | - Morgane Amil
- CHD La Roche-Sur-Yon, Hepato-gastroentérologie, La Roche-Sur-Yon, France
| | - Marie Dewitte
- Université de Rennes, CHU Rennes, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolism and Cancer), Hepato-Gastroenterologie, Inserm CIC1414, Rennes, France
| | - Stéphanie Bardot
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Institut des Maladies de l’Appareil Digestif (IMAD), Hépato-Gastroentérologie, Inserm CIC 1413, Nantes, France
| | - Stéphanie Blandin
- Nantes Université, UMS BioCore, Inserm US16—UAR CNRS 3556, Nantes, France
| | - Cécile Braudeau
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CRT2I, UMR Inserm 1064, Nantes, France
| | - Marie-Anne Vibet
- CHU Nantes, Methodology and Biostatistics Department, Direction de la Recherche Clinique et de l’Innovation, Nantes, France
| | - Régis Josien
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CRT2I, UMR Inserm 1064, Nantes, France
| | - Michel Neunlist
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Institut des Maladies de l’Appareil Digestif (IMAD), UMR Inserm 1235 TENS, Nantes, France
| | - Arnaud Bourreille
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Institut des Maladies de l’Appareil Digestif (IMAD), Hépato-Gastroentérologie, Inserm CIC 1413, Nantes, France
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Hirata Y, Nishioka D, Nishida K, Shimizu H, Mizuta N, Numa K, Nakazawa K, Kakimoto K, Miyazaki T, Nakamura S, Nishikawa H. Comparing the Effects of Anti-TNF Agent and Ustekinumab on Small Bowel Inflammation in Crohn's Disease: Inverse Probability Weighting With Stabilized Weights of Propensity Scores. CROHN'S & COLITIS 360 2024; 6:otae033. [PMID: 38864024 PMCID: PMC11165431 DOI: 10.1093/crocol/otae033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Endoscopic mucosal healing serves as a critical predictor for achieving long-term remission in Crohn's disease treatment. Recent data indicate that the effectiveness of healing varies based on the location of gastrointestinal inflammation. Additionally, reports suggest that antitumor necrosis factor-α (anti-TNF-α) agents exhibit reduced efficacy in treating small intestinal inflammation compared to colorectal inflammation. Conversely, limited research exists regarding the impact of the anti-IL12/23 agent ustekinumab (UST) on small intestinal inflammation. This study aimed to compare the effects of anti-TNF-α agents and UST on small intestinal inflammation using propensity score analysis. Methods This retrospective observational study involved 70 patients with Crohn's disease who had inflammation in the small intestine and had initiated treatment with either anti-TNF agents or UST between March 2015 and August 2021. Endoscopic findings were evaluated before treatment commencement and at 1-2 years post-treatment initiation. The propensity score was employed to compare the efficacy of TNF agents and UST on small bowel inflammation. Results Ustekinumab exhibited greater improvement in the small intestinal endoscopy score than anti-TNF-α antibodies according to the propensity score analysis (inverse probability weighting; P = .0448). However, no significant disparity was observed in the overall improvement of endoscopic scores between UST and anti-TNF-α antibodies (P = .5938). Conclusions This study suggests that UST might be more effective than anti-TNF-α agents in treating small intestinal inflammation in Crohn's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Hirata
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki City, Osaka 569-0801, Japan
| | - Daisuke Nishioka
- Department of Medical Statistics, Research & Development Center, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki City, Osaka 569-0801, Japan
| | - Koji Nishida
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki City, Osaka 569-0801, Japan
| | - Hikaru Shimizu
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki City, Osaka 569-0801, Japan
| | - Noboru Mizuta
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki City, Osaka 569-0801, Japan
| | - Keijiro Numa
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki City, Osaka 569-0801, Japan
| | - Kei Nakazawa
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki City, Osaka 569-0801, Japan
| | - Kazuki Kakimoto
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki City, Osaka 569-0801, Japan
| | - Takako Miyazaki
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki City, Osaka 569-0801, Japan
| | - Shiro Nakamura
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki City, Osaka 569-0801, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nishikawa
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki City, Osaka 569-0801, Japan
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9
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Madhvapathy SR, Bury MI, Wang LW, Ciatti JL, Avila R, Huang Y, Sharma AK, Rogers JA. Miniaturized implantable temperature sensors for the long-term monitoring of chronic intestinal inflammation. Nat Biomed Eng 2024:10.1038/s41551-024-01183-w. [PMID: 38499643 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-024-01183-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Diagnosing and monitoring inflammatory bowel diseases, such as Crohn's disease, involves the use of endoscopic imaging, biopsies and serology. These infrequent tests cannot, however, identify sudden onsets and severe flare-ups to facilitate early intervention. Hence, about 70% of patients with Crohn's disease require surgical intestinal resections in their lifetime. Here we report wireless, miniaturized and implantable temperature sensors for the real-time chronic monitoring of disease progression, which we tested for nearly 4 months in a mouse model of Crohn's-disease-like ileitis. Local measurements of intestinal temperature via intraperitoneally implanted sensors held in place against abdominal muscular tissue via two sutures showed the development of ultradian rhythms at approximately 5 weeks before the visual emergence of inflammatory skip lesions. The ultradian rhythms showed correlations with variations in the concentrations of stress hormones and inflammatory cytokines in blood. Decreasing average temperatures over the span of approximately 23 weeks were accompanied by an increasing percentage of inflammatory species in ileal lesions. These miniaturized temperature sensors may aid the early treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases upon the detection of episodic flare-ups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surabhi R Madhvapathy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Matthew I Bury
- Division of Pediatric Urology, Department of Surgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Louis A. Simpson and Kimberly K. Querrey Biomedical Research Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Larry W Wang
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joanna L Ciatti
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Raudel Avila
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yonggang Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Civil Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Arun K Sharma
- Division of Pediatric Urology, Department of Surgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Louis A. Simpson and Kimberly K. Querrey Biomedical Research Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Department of Urology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
| | - John A Rogers
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
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10
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Yao R, Zhu M, Guo Z, Shen J. Refining nanoprobes for monitoring of inflammatory bowel disease. Acta Biomater 2024; 177:37-49. [PMID: 38364928 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a gastrointestinal immune disease that requires clear diagnosis, timely treatment, and lifelong monitoring. The diagnosis and monitoring methods of IBD mainly include endoscopy, imaging examination, and laboratory examination, which are constantly developed to achieve early definite diagnosis and accurate monitoring. In recent years, with the development of nanotechnology, the diagnosis and monitoring methods of IBD have been remarkably enriched. Nanomaterials, characterized by their minuscule dimensions that can be tailored, along with their distinctive optical, magnetic, and biodistribution properties, have emerged as valuable contrast agents for imaging and targeted agents for endoscopy. Through both active and passive targeting mechanisms, nanoparticles accumulate at the site of inflammation, thereby enhancing IBD detection. This review comprehensively outlines the existing IBD detection techniques, expounds upon the utilization of nanoparticles in IBD detection and diagnosis, and offers insights into the future potential of in vitro diagnostics. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Due to their small size and unique physical and chemical properties, nanomaterials are widely used in the biological and medical fields. In the area of oncology and inflammatory disease, an increasing number of nanomaterials are being developed for diagnostics and drug delivery. Here, we focus on inflammatory bowel disease, an autoimmune inflammatory disease that requires early diagnosis and lifelong monitoring. Nanomaterials can be used as contrast agents to visualize areas of inflammation by actively or passively targeting them through the intestinal mucosal epithelium where gaps exist due to inflammation stimulation. In this article, we summarize the utilization of nanoparticles in inflammatory bowel disease detection and diagnosis, and offers insights into the future potential of in vitro diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchen Yao
- Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 160# Pu Jian Ave, Shanghai 200127, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, China
| | - Mingming Zhu
- Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 160# Pu Jian Ave, Shanghai 200127, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, China
| | - Zhiqian Guo
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Joint International Research Laboratory of Precision Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Feringa Nobel Prize Scientist Joint Research Center, Institute of Fine Chemicals, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Jun Shen
- Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, 160# Pu Jian Ave, Shanghai 200127, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, China.
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11
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Santacroce G, Zammarchi I, Tan CK, Coppola G, Varley R, Ghosh S, Iacucci M. Present and future of endoscopy precision for inflammatory bowel disease. Dig Endosc 2024; 36:292-304. [PMID: 37643635 DOI: 10.1111/den.14672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Several advanced imaging techniques are now available for endoscopists managing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. These tools, including dye-based and virtual chromoendoscopy, probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy and endocytoscopy, are increasingly innovative applications in clinical practice. They allow for a more in-depth and refined evaluation of the mucosal and vascular bowel surface, getting closer to histology. They have demonstrated a remarkable ability in assessing intestinal inflammation, histologic remission, and predicting relapse and favorable long-term outcomes. In addition, the future application of molecular endoscopy to predict biological drug responses has yielded preliminary but encouraging results. Furthermore, these techniques are crucial in detecting and characterizing IBD-related dysplasia, assisting endoscopic mucosal resection and submucosal dissection towards a surgery-sparing approach. Artificial intelligence (AI) holds great potential in this promising landscape, as it can provide an objective and reproducible assessment of inflammation and dysplasia. Moreover, it can improve the prediction of outcomes and aid in subsequent therapeutic decision-making. This review aims to summarize the promising role of state-of-the-art advanced endoscopic techniques and related AI-enabled models for managing IBD, paving the way for precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Santacroce
- APC Microbiome Ireland, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Irene Zammarchi
- APC Microbiome Ireland, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Chin Kimg Tan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Changi General Hospital, Singapore City, Singapore
| | - Gaetano Coppola
- APC Microbiome Ireland, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology - Hepatology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Rachel Varley
- Department of Gastroenterology, Mercy University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Subrata Ghosh
- APC Microbiome Ireland, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Marietta Iacucci
- APC Microbiome Ireland, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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12
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Zeng Z, Jiang M, Li X, Yuan J, Zhang H. Precision medicine in inflammatory bowel disease. PRECISION CLINICAL MEDICINE 2023; 6:pbad033. [PMID: 38638127 PMCID: PMC11025389 DOI: 10.1093/pcmedi/pbad033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an incurable disease characterized by remission-relapse cycles throughout its course. Both Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), the two main forms of IBD, exhibit tendency to develop complications and substantial heterogeneity in terms of frequency and severity of relapse, thus posing great challenges to the clinical management for IBD. Current treatment strategies are effective in different ways in induction and maintenance therapies for IBD. Recent advances in studies of genetics, pharmacogenetics, proteomics and microbiome provide a strong driving force for identifying molecular markers of prognosis and treatment response, which should help clinicians manage IBD patients more effectively, and then, improve clinical outcomes and reduce treatment costs of patients. In this review, we summarize and discuss precision medicine in IBD, focusing on predictive markers of disease course and treatment response, and monitoring indices during therapeutic drug monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Centre for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Lab of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Mingshan Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Centre for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Lab of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xi Li
- Lab of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- General Practice Ward/International Medical Center Ward, General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Centre for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Lab of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Hu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Centre for Inflammatory Bowel Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Lab of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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13
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Stallmach A, Atreya R, Grunert PC, Stallhofer J, de Laffolie J, Schmidt C. Treatment Strategies in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. DEUTSCHES ARZTEBLATT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 120:768-778. [PMID: 37408514 PMCID: PMC10745558 DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.m2023.0142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is rising globally. In Germany, these conditions affect 0.7% of the population, or approximately 600 000 patients. Treatment strategies have become more diversified as a result of an improved understanding of disease pathogenesis. It remains unclear how the currently available drugs should best be used in each individual patient. METHODS This review is based on pertinent publications retrieved by a selective search in PubMed, with special attention to phase III and IV trials and to the German and European guidelines on the treatment of IBD. RESULTS An improved understanding of the immunological mechanisms of disease underlies the current treatment strategies in patients with IBD. For those with a complex clinical course, monoclonal antibodies against pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF, IL-12/IL-23, IL-23) and cell adhesion molecules (α4β7) are of established therapeutic value, along with "small molecules" such as JAK inhibitors and sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulators. The numerous studies that have been performed, only a few of which have been head-to-head comparison trials, and the (network) meta-analyses that have been published to date do not imply that any single one of these drugs can be considered the universal, primary treatment for all patients with IBD. In this review, we discuss the available substances and certain important differential-therapeutic aspects of the treatment of IBD. CONCLUSION The treatment of a patient with IBD must take his or her prior treatment(s) and comorbidities into account, along with individual patient characteristics and treatment goals. Rational decision-making is required on the basis of the mechanism of action and the side-effect profile of the various drugs that are now available for use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Stallmach
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectology, Jena University Hospital, Jena
| | - Raja Atreya
- Medical Department 1, University Hospital Erlangen-Nürnberg, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg
| | - Philip Christian Grunert
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectology, Jena University Hospital, Jena
| | - Johannes Stallhofer
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectology, Jena University Hospital, Jena
| | - Jan de Laffolie
- Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Gießen
| | - Carsten Schmidt
- Medical Department II, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, Diabetology und Infectiology, Klinikum Fulda AG, Universitätsmedizin Marburg – Campus Fulda
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14
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Neurath MF, Vieth M. Different levels of healing in inflammatory bowel diseases: mucosal, histological, transmural, barrier and complete healing. Gut 2023; 72:2164-2183. [PMID: 37640443 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2023-329964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Mucosal healing on endoscopy has emerged as a key prognostic parameter in the management of patients with IBD (Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis/UC) and can predict sustained clinical remission and resection-free survival. The structural basis for this type of mucosal healing is a progressive resolution of intestinal inflammation with associated healing of ulcers and improved epithelial barrier function. However, in some cases with mucosal healing on endoscopy, evidence of histological activity in mucosal biopsies has been observed. Subsequently, in UC, a second, deeper type of mucosal healing, denoted histological healing, was defined which requires the absence of active inflammation in mucosal biopsies. Both levels of mucosal healing should be considered as initial events in the resolution of gut inflammation in IBD rather than as indicators of complete transmural healing. In this review, the effects of anti-inflammatory, biological or immunosuppressive agents as well as small molecules on mucosal healing in clinical studies are highlighted. In addition, we focus on the implications of mucosal healing for clinical management of patients with IBD. Moreover, emerging techniques for the analysis of mucosal healing as well as potentially deeper levels of mucosal healing such as transmural healing and functional barrier healing of the mucosa are discussed. Although none of these new levels of healing indicate a definitive cure of the diseases, they make an important contribution to the assessment of patients' prognosis. The ultimate level of healing in IBD would be a resolution of all aspects of intestinal and extraintestinal inflammation (complete healing).
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus F Neurath
- Medical Clinic 1 & Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie DZI, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Vieth
- Pathology Clinic, Klinikum Bayreuth GmbH, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Bayreuth, Germany
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15
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Seah D, Cheng Z, Vendrell M. Fluorescent Probes for Imaging in Humans: Where Are We Now? ACS NANO 2023; 17:19478-19490. [PMID: 37787658 PMCID: PMC10604082 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c03564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Optical imaging has become an indispensable technology in the clinic. The molecular design of cell-targeted and highly sensitive materials, the validation of specific disease biomarkers, and the rapid growth of clinically compatible instrumentation have altogether revolutionized the way we use optical imaging in clinical settings. One prime example is the application of cancer-targeted molecular imaging agents in both trials and routine clinical use to define the margins of tumors and to detect lesions that are "invisible" to the surgeons, leading to improved resection of malignant tissues without compromising viable structures. In this Perspective, we summarize some of the key research advances in chemistry, biology, and engineering that have accelerated the translation of optical imaging technologies for use in human patients. Finally, our paper comments on several research areas where further work will likely render the next generation of technologies for translational optical imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Seah
- School
of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637371, Singapore
- Centre
for Inflammation Research, The University
of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU Edinburgh, U.K.
| | - Zhiming Cheng
- Centre
for Inflammation Research, The University
of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU Edinburgh, U.K.
- IRR
Chemistry Hub, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU Edinburgh, U.K.
| | - Marc Vendrell
- Centre
for Inflammation Research, The University
of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU Edinburgh, U.K.
- IRR
Chemistry Hub, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, The University of Edinburgh, EH16 4UU Edinburgh, U.K.
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16
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Tanniche I, Behkam B. Engineered live bacteria as disease detection and diagnosis tools. J Biol Eng 2023; 17:65. [PMID: 37875910 PMCID: PMC10598922 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-023-00379-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensitive and minimally invasive medical diagnostics are essential to the early detection of diseases, monitoring their progression and response to treatment. Engineered bacteria as live sensors are being developed as a new class of biosensors for sensitive, robust, noninvasive, and in situ detection of disease onset at low cost. Akin to microrobotic systems, a combination of simple genetic rules, basic logic gates, and complex synthetic bioengineering principles are used to program bacterial vectors as living machines for detecting biomarkers of diseases, some of which cannot be detected with other sensing technologies. Bacterial whole-cell biosensors (BWCBs) can have wide-ranging functions from detection only, to detection and recording, to closed-loop detection-regulated treatment. In this review article, we first summarize the unique benefits of bacteria as living sensors. We then describe the different bacteria-based diagnosis approaches and provide examples of diagnosing various diseases and disorders. We also discuss the use of bacteria as imaging vectors for disease detection and image-guided surgery. We conclude by highlighting current challenges and opportunities for further exploration toward clinical translation of these bacteria-based systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imen Tanniche
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Bahareh Behkam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
- School of Biomedical Engineered and Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
- Center for Engineered Health, Institute for Critical Technology and Applied Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
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17
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Iacucci M, Jeffery L, Acharjee A, Grisan E, Buda A, Nardone OM, Smith SCL, Labarile N, Zardo D, Ungar B, Hunter S, Mao R, Cannatelli R, Shivaji UN, Parigi TL, Reynolds GM, Gkoutos GV, Ghosh S. Computer-Aided Imaging Analysis of Probe-Based Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy With Molecular Labeling and Gene Expression Identifies Markers of Response to Biological Therapy in IBD Patients: The Endo-Omics Study. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2023; 29:1409-1420. [PMID: 36378498 PMCID: PMC10472745 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izac233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to predict response to biologics in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) using computerized image analysis of probe confocal laser endomicroscopy (pCLE) in vivo and assess the binding of fluorescent-labeled biologics ex vivo. Additionally, we investigated genes predictive of anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) response. METHODS Twenty-nine patients (15 with Crohn's disease [CD], 14 with ulcerative colitis [UC]) underwent colonoscopy with pCLE before and 12 to 14 weeks after starting anti-TNF or anti-integrin α4β7 therapy. Biopsies were taken for fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled infliximab and vedolizumab staining and gene expression analysis. Computer-aided quantitative image analysis of pCLE was performed. Differentially expressed genes predictive of response were determined and validated in a public cohort. RESULTS In vivo, vessel tortuosity, crypt morphology, and fluorescein leakage predicted response in UC (area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve [AUROC], 0.93; accuracy 85%, positive predictive value [PPV] 89%; negative predictive value [NPV] 75%) and CD (AUROC, 0.79; accuracy 80%; PPV 75%; NPV 83%) patients. Ex vivo, increased binding of labeled biologic at baseline predicted response in UC (UC) (AUROC, 83%; accuracy 77%; PPV 89%; NPV 50%) but not in Crohn's disease (AUROC 58%). A total of 325 differentially expressed genes distinguished responders from nonresponders, 86 of which fell within the most enriched pathways. A panel including ACTN1, CXCL6, LAMA4, EMILIN1, CRIP2, CXCL13, and MAPKAPK2 showed good prediction of anti-TNF response (AUROC >0.7). CONCLUSIONS Higher mucosal binding of the drug target is associated with response to therapy in UC. In vivo, mucosal and microvascular changes detected by pCLE are associated with response to biologics in inflammatory bowel disease. Anti-TNF-responsive UC patients have a less inflamed and fibrotic state pretreatment. Chemotactic pathways involving CXCL6 or CXCL13 may be novel targets for therapy in nonresponders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marietta Iacucci
- National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Gastroenterology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Louisa Jeffery
- Gastroenterology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Animesh Acharjee
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Surgical Reconstruction, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Enrico Grisan
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- School of Engineering Computer Science and Informatics, London South Bank University, London, UK
| | - Andrea Buda
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Gastrointestinal Oncological Surgery, S. Maria del Prato Hospital, Feltre, Italy
| | - Olga M Nardone
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Samuel C L Smith
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Nunzia Labarile
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Davide Zardo
- Gastroenterology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Bella Ungar
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Stuart Hunter
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ren Mao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rosanna Cannatelli
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Uday N Shivaji
- Gastroenterology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Gary M Reynolds
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Georgios V Gkoutos
- National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Subrata Ghosh
- National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Gastroenterology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- APC Microbiome Ireland, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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18
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Gisbert JP, Chaparro M. Anti-TNF Agents and New Biological Agents (Vedolizumab and Ustekinumab) in the Prevention and Treatment of Postoperative Recurrence After Surgery in Crohn's Disease. Drugs 2023; 83:1179-1205. [PMID: 37505446 PMCID: PMC10462742 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-023-01916-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Surgery for Crohn's disease (CD) is not curative, as postoperative recurrence (POR) after ileocolonic resection is the rule in the absence of prophylactic treatment. In the present article, we critically review available data on the role of anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) agents and new biologics (including vedolizumab and ustekinumab) in the prevention and treatment of POR after surgery in CD. Several studies (summarised in various meta-analyses) have confirmed the efficacy of anti-TNFs in the prevention of POR. We identified 37 studies, including 1863 CD patients, with mean endoscopic POR at 6-12 months of 29%. Only few randomised controlled trials (RCTs) have directly compared thiopurines and anti-TNFs, with controversial results, although the superiority of the latter is supported by several meta-analyses. Infliximab and adalimumab seem equally effective. The combination of anti-TNFs and immunosuppressives should be considered in patients previously exposed to anti-TNFs. Several studies have shown that anti-TNFs remain an effective option to prevent POR also in patients with anti-TNF failure before surgery. In fact, the use of the same anti-TNF before and after surgery might be effective for the prevention of POR. Prophylactic anti-TNF treatment, once started, should be continued long term. Anti-TNFs are also effective for the treatment of established POR. Retreatment with anti-TNFs for POR is a valid strategy even after their preoperative failure. In six studies (including 156 patients) evaluating vedolizumab, mean endoscopic POR at 6-12 months was 41%. The non-randomised comparison of anti-TNFs and vedolizumab has provided controversial results. One placebo-controlled RCT confirmed that vedolizumab is quite effective in preventing POR in CD patients with increased risk of recurrence. Seven studies (including 162 patients) evaluated ustekinumab, with a mean endoscopic POR at 6-12 months of 41%. The comparative efficacy of ustekinumab and anti-TNFs is still unclear. Ustekinumab and vedolizumab seem to be equally effective, although the experience is very limited. In conclusion, to date, anti-TNFs are the most effective agents in preventing and treating POR in CD. Anti-TNFs remain an effective option to prevent POR also in patients with anti-TNF failure before surgery. Vedolizumab seems to be quite effective in the prevention of POR in patients with increased risk of recurrence. Ustekinumab is probably also effective in the postoperative setting, although the comparative efficacy with anti-TNFs or vedolizumab is still unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier P Gisbert
- Gastroenterology Unit, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Diego de León, 62, 28006, Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Chaparro
- Gastroenterology Unit, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBEREHD), Diego de León, 62, 28006, Madrid, Spain
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19
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Annese V, Annese M. Precision Medicine in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2797. [PMID: 37685335 PMCID: PMC10487169 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13172797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are traditionally defined as the two main subtypes of inflammatory bowel disease. However, a more recent view considers IBD as a spectrum of heterogeneous phenotypes with consistent differences in clinical presentation and behaviors, likely explained by differences in underlying pathogenetic mechanisms. The etiology is still elusive, and the suggested pathogenesis is a complex interplay among genetic predisposition and abnormal immune response at the mucosal intestinal level, activated by only partially identified environmental triggers leading to altered intestinal permeability and impaired handling of gut microbiota. The undeniable continuous progress of medical therapy with more frequent shifts from traditional to more advanced modalities also underlines the actual unmet needs. We are using medications with completely different mechanisms of action, with a lack of predictive factors of outcomes and response and still an unsatisfactory rate of success. In addition, we are missing still valuable and accurate markers to predict disease progression and severity in order to avoid under- or over-treatment. In such a complex scenario, it is undoubtful that the application of artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms may improve the management and pave the way for precision and eventually personalized medicine in these patients; however, there are still several challenges that will be the focus of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito Annese
- Department Gastroenterology IRCCS San Donato Policlinic, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20100 Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Annese
- Department Gastroenterology, IRCCS Hospital Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
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Paulus L, Buehler A, Wagner AL, Raming R, Jüngert J, Simon D, Tascilar K, Schnell A, Rother U, Eckstein M, Lang W, Hoerning A, Schett G, Neurath MF, Waldner MJ, Trollmann R, Woelfle J, Bohndiek SE, Regensburger AP, Knieling F. Contrast-Enhanced Multispectral Optoacoustic Tomography for Functional Assessment of the Gastrointestinal Tract. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2302562. [PMID: 37289088 PMCID: PMC10427354 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Real-time imaging and functional assessment of the intestinal tract and its transit pose a significant challenge to conventional clinical diagnostic methods. Multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT), a molecular-sensitive imaging technology, offers the potential to visualize endogenous and exogenous chromophores in deep tissue. Herein, a novel approach using the orally administered clinical-approved fluorescent dye indocyanine green (ICG) for bedside, non-ionizing evaluation of gastrointestinal passage is presented. The authors are able to show the detectability and stability of ICG in phantom experiments. Furthermore, ten healthy subjects underwent MSOT imaging at multiple time points over eight hours after ingestion of a standardized meal with and without ICG. ICG signals can be visualized and quantified in different intestinal segments, while its excretion is confirmed by fluorescent imaging of stool samples. These findings indicate that contrast-enhanced MSOT (CE-MSOT) provides a translatable real-time imaging approach for functional assessment of the gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars‐Philip Paulus
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineUniversity Hospital ErlangenFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität (FAU) Erlangen‐Nürnberg91054ErlangenGermany
- Pediatric Experimental and Translational Imaging Laboratory (PETI‐Lab)Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineUniversity Hospital ErlangenFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität (FAU) Erlangen‐Nürnberg91054ErlangenGermany
| | - Adrian Buehler
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineUniversity Hospital ErlangenFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität (FAU) Erlangen‐Nürnberg91054ErlangenGermany
- Pediatric Experimental and Translational Imaging Laboratory (PETI‐Lab)Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineUniversity Hospital ErlangenFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität (FAU) Erlangen‐Nürnberg91054ErlangenGermany
| | - Alexandra L. Wagner
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineUniversity Hospital ErlangenFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität (FAU) Erlangen‐Nürnberg91054ErlangenGermany
- Pediatric Experimental and Translational Imaging Laboratory (PETI‐Lab)Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineUniversity Hospital ErlangenFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität (FAU) Erlangen‐Nürnberg91054ErlangenGermany
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Center for Chronically Sick ChildrenCharité BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Roman Raming
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineUniversity Hospital ErlangenFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität (FAU) Erlangen‐Nürnberg91054ErlangenGermany
- Pediatric Experimental and Translational Imaging Laboratory (PETI‐Lab)Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineUniversity Hospital ErlangenFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität (FAU) Erlangen‐Nürnberg91054ErlangenGermany
| | - Jörg Jüngert
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineUniversity Hospital ErlangenFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität (FAU) Erlangen‐Nürnberg91054ErlangenGermany
| | - David Simon
- Department of Medicine 3, University Hospital ErlangenFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität (FAU) Erlangen‐Nürnberg91054ErlangenGermany
| | - Koray Tascilar
- Department of Medicine 3, University Hospital ErlangenFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität (FAU) Erlangen‐Nürnberg91054ErlangenGermany
| | - Alexander Schnell
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineUniversity Hospital ErlangenFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität (FAU) Erlangen‐Nürnberg91054ErlangenGermany
| | - Ulrich Rother
- Department of Vascular SurgeryUniversity Hospital ErlangenFriedrich‐Alexander Universität (FAU) Erlangen‐Nürnberg91054ErlangenGermany
| | - Markus Eckstein
- Insitute of PathologyUniversity Hospital ErlangenFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität (FAU) Erlangen‐Nürnberg91054ErlangenGermany
| | - Werner Lang
- Department of Vascular SurgeryUniversity Hospital ErlangenFriedrich‐Alexander Universität (FAU) Erlangen‐Nürnberg91054ErlangenGermany
| | - André Hoerning
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineUniversity Hospital ErlangenFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität (FAU) Erlangen‐Nürnberg91054ErlangenGermany
| | - Georg Schett
- Department of Medicine 3, University Hospital ErlangenFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität (FAU) Erlangen‐Nürnberg91054ErlangenGermany
- German Center Immunotherapy (DZI)University Hospital ErlangenFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität (FAU) Erlangen‐Nürnberg91054ErlangenGermany
| | - Markus F. Neurath
- German Center Immunotherapy (DZI)University Hospital ErlangenFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität (FAU) Erlangen‐Nürnberg91054ErlangenGermany
- Department of Medicine 1University Hospital ErlangenFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität (FAU) Erlangen‐Nürnberg91054ErlangenGermany
| | - Maximilian J. Waldner
- German Center Immunotherapy (DZI)University Hospital ErlangenFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität (FAU) Erlangen‐Nürnberg91054ErlangenGermany
- Department of Medicine 1University Hospital ErlangenFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität (FAU) Erlangen‐Nürnberg91054ErlangenGermany
| | - Regina Trollmann
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineUniversity Hospital ErlangenFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität (FAU) Erlangen‐Nürnberg91054ErlangenGermany
| | - Joachim Woelfle
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineUniversity Hospital ErlangenFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität (FAU) Erlangen‐Nürnberg91054ErlangenGermany
| | - Sarah E Bohndiek
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB3 0HEUK
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge InstituteUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeCB2 0REUK
| | - Adrian P. Regensburger
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineUniversity Hospital ErlangenFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität (FAU) Erlangen‐Nürnberg91054ErlangenGermany
- Pediatric Experimental and Translational Imaging Laboratory (PETI‐Lab)Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineUniversity Hospital ErlangenFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität (FAU) Erlangen‐Nürnberg91054ErlangenGermany
| | - Ferdinand Knieling
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineUniversity Hospital ErlangenFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität (FAU) Erlangen‐Nürnberg91054ErlangenGermany
- Pediatric Experimental and Translational Imaging Laboratory (PETI‐Lab)Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineUniversity Hospital ErlangenFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität (FAU) Erlangen‐Nürnberg91054ErlangenGermany
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Zammarchi I, Santacroce G, Iacucci M. Next-Generation Endoscopy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2547. [PMID: 37568910 PMCID: PMC10417286 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13152547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoscopic healing is recognized as a primary treatment goal in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). However, endoscopic remission may not reflect histological remission, which is crucial to achieving favorable long-term outcomes. The development of new advanced techniques has revolutionized the field of IBD assessment and management. These tools can accurately assess vascular and mucosal features, drawing endoscopy closer to histology. Moreover, they can enhance the detection and characterization of IBD-related dysplasia. Given the persistent challenge of interobserver variability, a more standardized approach to endoscopy is warranted, and the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) holds promise for addressing this limitation. Additionally, although molecular endoscopy is still in its infancy, it is a promising tool to forecast response to therapy. This review provides an overview of advanced endoscopic techniques, including dye-based and dye-less chromoendoscopy, and in vivo histological examinations with probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy and endocytoscopy. The remarkable contribution of these tools to IBD management, especially when integrated with AI, is discussed. Specific attention is given to their role in improving disease assessment, detection, and characterization of IBD-associated lesions, and predicting disease-related outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marietta Iacucci
- APC Microbiome Ireland, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, T12 R229 Cork, Ireland; (I.Z.); (G.S.)
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22
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Kim ES, Kim SK, Park DI, Kim HJ, Lee YJ, Koo JS, Kim ES, Yoon H, Lee JH, Kim JW, Shin SJ, Kim HW, Kim HS, Park YS, Kim YS, Kim TO, Lee J, Choi CH, Han DS, Chun J, Kim HS. Comparison of the Pharmacokinetics of CT-P13 Between Crohn's Disease and Ulcerative Colitis. J Clin Gastroenterol 2023; 57:601-609. [PMID: 35470308 DOI: 10.1097/mcg.0000000000001715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to compare trough infliximab levels and the development of antidrug antibody (ADA) for 1 year between Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) patients who were biologic-naive, and to evaluate their impact on clinical outcomes. METHODS This was a prospective, multicenter, observational study. Biologic-naive patients with moderate to severe CD or UC who started CT-P13, an infliximab biosimilar, therapy were enrolled. Trough drug and ADA levels were measured periodically for 1 year after CT-P13 initiation. RESULTS A total of 267 patients who received CT-P13 treatment were included (CD 168, UC 99). The rates of clinical remission (72% vs. 32.3%, P <0.001) at week 54 were significantly higher in CD than in UC. The median trough drug level (μg/mL) was significantly higher in CD than in UC up to week 14 (week 2, 18.7 vs. 14.7, P <0.001; week 6, 12.5 vs. 8.6, P <0.001; week 14, 3.4 vs. 2.5, P =0.001). The median ADA level (AU/mL) was significantly lower in CD than in UC at week 2 (6.3 vs. 6.5, P =0.046), week 30 (7.9 vs. 11.8, P =0.007), and week 54 (9.3 vs. 12.3, P =0.032). Development of ADA at week 2 [adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=0.15, P =0.026], initial C-reactive protein level (aOR=0.87, P =0.032), and CD over UC (aOR=1.92, P <0.001) were independent predictors of clinical remission at week 54. CONCLUSION Infliximab shows more favorable pharmacokinetics, including high drug trough and low ADA levels, in CD than in UC, which might result in better clinical outcomes for 1-year infliximab treatment in CD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Soo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University, School of Medicine
| | - Sung Kook Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University, School of Medicine
| | - Dong Il Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine
| | - Hyo Jong Kim
- Center for Crohn's and Colitis, Kyung Hee University Hospital
| | - Yoo Jin Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu
| | - Ja Seol Koo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan
| | - Eun Sun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine
| | - Hyuk Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam
| | - Ji Hyun Lee
- Digestive Endoscopic Center, Seoul Song Do Colorectal Hospital
| | - Ji Won Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine
| | - Sung Jae Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon
| | - Hyung Wook Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine And Medical Research Institute
| | - Hyun-Soo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju
| | - Young Sook Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Eulji University School of Medicine, Eulji Hospital
| | - You Sun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine
| | - Tae Oh Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan
| | - Jun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chosun University, School of Medicine
| | - Chang Hwan Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University
| | - Dong Soo Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Guri, Korea
| | - Jaeyoung Chun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - Hyun Soo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam University Medical School, Gwangju
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23
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Ganesh N, Hanauer SB, Dulai PS. The importance of predicting patient responses to monoclonal antibodies for Crohn's disease. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2023; 23:941-949. [PMID: 37623370 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2023.2252339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory bowel disease that results in relapsing and remitting symptoms but progressive transmural bowel damage leading to significant morbidity. CD results from dysregulation of the immune system related to genetic and environmental factors. While the use of monoclonal antibodies targeting cytokines and adhesion molecules has been shown to improve outcomes in CD patients, their widespread use has been limited due to high costs as well as variable access. Here, we summarize the factors that have been shown to correlate with responsiveness to biologic agents for use in practice. AREAS COVERED We summarize the current literature regarding factors that have been shown to influence patient response to various biologic agents including: patient-related factors (e.g. age, gender, weight smoking history); disease-specific factors (e.g. disease duration, location/extension, behavior/phenotype, severity); genetic markers; transcription factors, and the gut microbiome. Finally, we review the utility of prediction models and present data supporting the use of recently developed decision support tools. EXPERT OPINION Clinical decision support tools developed by machine learning are currently available for the selection of biologic agents in CD patients. We expect these models to become an integral tool for clinicians in the treatment of CD in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Ganesh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Stephen B Hanauer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Parambir S Dulai
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States of America
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24
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Cozzi G, Scagnellato L, Lorenzin M, Savarino E, Zingone F, Ometto F, Favero M, Doria A, Vavricka SR, Ramonda R. Spondyloarthritis with inflammatory bowel disease: the latest on biologic and targeted therapies. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2023:10.1038/s41584-023-00984-8. [PMID: 37386288 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-023-00984-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Spondyloarthritis (SpA) encompasses a heterogeneous group of chronic inflammatory diseases that can affect both axial and peripheral joints, tendons and entheses. Among the extra-articular manifestations, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is associated with considerable morbidity and effects on quality of life. In everyday clinical practice, treatment of these conditions requires a close collaboration between gastroenterologists and rheumatologists to enable early detection of joint and intestinal manifestations during follow-up and to choose the most effective therapeutic regimen, implementing precision medicine for each patient's subtype of SpA and IBD. The biggest issue in this field is the dearth of drugs that are approved for both diseases, as only TNF inhibitors are currently approved for the treatment of full-spectrum SpA-IBD. Janus tyrosine kinase inhibitors are among the most promising drugs for the treatment of peripheral and axial SpA, as well as for intestinal manifestations. Other therapies such as inhibitors of IL-23 and IL-17, phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, α4β7 integrin blockers and faecal microbiota transplantation seem to only be able to control some disease domains, or require further studies. Given the growing interest in the development of novel drugs to treat both conditions, it is important to understand the current state of the art and the unmet needs in the management of SpA-IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Cozzi
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Laura Scagnellato
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Mariagrazia Lorenzin
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Edoardo Savarino
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Fabiana Zingone
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesca Ometto
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Marta Favero
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Doria
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy
| | - Stephan R Vavricka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zürich and Center for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Roberta Ramonda
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, Padova University Hospital, Padova, Italy.
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25
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Pietschner R, Rath T, Neurath MF, Atreya R. Current and Emerging Targeted Therapies for Ulcerative Colitis. Visc Med 2023; 39:46-53. [PMID: 37405327 PMCID: PMC10315689 DOI: 10.1159/000530983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ulcerative colitis is one of the main entities of inflammatory bowel diseases. The clinical course of this immune-mediated disorder is marked by unpredictable exacerbations and asymptomatic remission, causing lifelong morbidity. Optimized anti-inflammatory treatment is a prerequisite to not only restore the quality of life of the affected patients but also halt progressive bowel damage and reduce the risk for colitis-associated neoplasia. Advances in understanding the underlying immunopathogenesis of ulcerative colitis have led to the advent of targeted therapies that selectively inhibit crucial molecular structures or signaling pathways that perpetuate the inflammatory reaction. Summary We will delineate the mode of action and summarize efficacy and safety data of current and emerging targeted therapies in ulcerative colitis, which encompasses representatives of the drug classes of antibodies, small molecules, and oligonucleotides. These substances have already been approved for induction and maintenance treatment or are being tested in late-stage clinical trials in moderately-to-severely active ulcerative colitis patients. These advanced therapies have enabled us to define and achieve novel therapeutic outcomes, such as clinical and endoscopic remission, histological remission, mucosal healing, and recently, also barrier healing as an emerging outcome measure. Key Messages Established and emerging targeted therapies and monitoring modalities broaden our therapeutic armamentarium and have enabled us to define novel therapeutic outcomes that have the potential to modify the individual disease course of patients with ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Pietschner
- Department of Medicine 1, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen University Hospital, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Timo Rath
- Department of Medicine 1, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen University Hospital, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus F. Neurath
- Department of Medicine 1, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen University Hospital, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Raja Atreya
- Department of Medicine 1, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen University Hospital, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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26
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Hasselblatt P, Reindl W, Gauss A, Neeff H, Fusco S, Klaus J. Questions to consider when caring for patients with ulcerative colitis. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR GASTROENTEROLOGIE 2023; 61:690-700. [PMID: 36257329 DOI: 10.1055/a-1890-6015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Although the management of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) is well defined by national and international guidelines, there are many debates and open questions related to daily care of UC patients. Here, we aimed to review topics with high clinical relevance including therapy algorithms, potential biomarkers for disease prognosis and response to therapy, the role of interventions targeting the gut microbiota, insights from head-to-head trials, novel UC medications, exit strategies, the impact of COVID19 on UC, care of patients with acute severe disease, cancer screening, and the role of surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Hasselblatt
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Reindl
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Annika Gauss
- University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hannes Neeff
- Dept. of General and Visceral Surgery, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefano Fusco
- Department of Gastroenterology, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen Medizinische Fakultät, Tübingen, Germany
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27
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Yudhistira T, Da Silva EC, Combes A, Lehmann M, Reisch A, Klymchenko AS. Biotinylated Fluorescent Polymeric Nanoparticles for Enhanced Immunostaining. SMALL METHODS 2023; 7:e2201452. [PMID: 36808832 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202201452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The performance of fluorescence immunostaining is physically limited by the brightness of organic dyes, whereas fluorescence labeling with multiple dyes per antibody can lead to dye self-quenching. The present work reports a methodology of antibody labeling by biotinylated zwitterionic dye-loaded polymeric nanoparticles (NPs). A rationally designed hydrophobic polymer, poly(ethyl methacrylate) bearing charged, zwitterionic and biotin groups (PEMA-ZI-biotin), enables preparation of small (14 nm) and bright fluorescent biotinylated NPs loaded with large quantities of cationic rhodamine dye with bulky hydrophobic counterion (fluorinated tetraphenylborate). The biotin exposure at the particle surface is confirmed by Förster resonance energy transfer with dye-streptavidin conjugate. Single-particle microscopy validates specific binding to biotinylated surfaces, with particle brightness 21-fold higher than quantum dot-585 (QD-585) at 550 nm excitation. The nanoimmunostaining method, which couples biotinylated antibody (cetuximab) with bright biotinylated zwitterionic NPs through streptavidin, significantly improves fluorescence imaging of target epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) on the cell surface compared to a dye-based labeling. Importantly, cetuximab labeled with PEMA-ZI-biotin NPs can differentiate cells with distinct expression levels of EGFR cancer marker. The developed nanoprobes can greatly amplify the signal from labeled antibodies, and thus become a useful tool in the high-sensitivity detection of disease biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tesla Yudhistira
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74, Route du Rhin, Illkirch, 67401, France
| | - Elisabete Cruz Da Silva
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74, Route du Rhin, Illkirch, 67401, France
| | - Antoine Combes
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74, Route du Rhin, Illkirch, 67401, France
| | - Maxime Lehmann
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74, Route du Rhin, Illkirch, 67401, France
| | - Andreas Reisch
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74, Route du Rhin, Illkirch, 67401, France
| | - Andrey S Klymchenko
- Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, UMR 7021 CNRS, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 74, Route du Rhin, Illkirch, 67401, France
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28
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Grüner N, Ortlepp AL, Mattner J. Pivotal Role of Intestinal Microbiota and Intraluminal Metabolites for the Maintenance of Gut-Bone Physiology. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065161. [PMID: 36982235 PMCID: PMC10048911 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal microbiota, and their mutual interactions with host tissues, are pivotal for the maintenance of organ physiology. Indeed, intraluminal signals influence adjacent and even distal tissues. Consequently, disruptions in the composition or functions of microbiota and subsequent altered host-microbiota interactions disturb the homeostasis of multiple organ systems, including the bone. Thus, gut microbiota can influence bone mass and physiology, as well as postnatal skeletal evolution. Alterations in nutrient or electrolyte absorption, metabolism, or immune functions, due to the translocation of microbial antigens or metabolites across intestinal barriers, affect bone tissues, as well. Intestinal microbiota can directly and indirectly alter bone density and bone remodeling. Intestinal dysbiosis and a subsequently disturbed gut-bone axis are characteristic for patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) who suffer from various intestinal symptoms and multiple bone-related complications, such as arthritis or osteoporosis. Immune cells affecting the joints are presumably even primed in the gut. Furthermore, intestinal dysbiosis impairs hormone metabolism and electrolyte balance. On the other hand, less is known about the impact of bone metabolism on gut physiology. In this review, we summarized current knowledge of gut microbiota, metabolites and microbiota-primed immune cells in IBD and bone-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niklas Grüner
- Mikrobiologisches Institut-Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anna Lisa Ortlepp
- Mikrobiologisches Institut-Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jochen Mattner
- Mikrobiologisches Institut-Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
- Medical Immunology Campus Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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Zhu C, Wang X, Wang S, Hu J, Gao Y, Li C, Li J, Wu X. Development and validation of a clinical radiomics nomogram to predict secondary loss of response to infliximab in Crohn's disease patients. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14594. [PMID: 37151630 PMCID: PMC10161257 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Infliximab (IFX) is the first-line treatment for Crohn's disease (CD). However, the secondary loss of response (LOR) is common in IFX therapy. Therefore, non-invasive assessment of LOR in CD patients is the goal pursued by clinicians. Methods A multicenter study involving 181 CD patients was conducted, with patients being split into a training cohort (n = 102), testing cohort (n = 45), and validation cohort (n = 34). The study evaluated various clinical factors to establish a clinical model, and a radiomics signature was constructed based on reproducible features from computed tomography enterography (CTE). Logistic regression modeling was used to create models based on the radiomics signature and significant clinical factors, with the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) used to compare their performance. Results The study found that 64 of the 181 CD patients included experienced secondary LOR. The radiomics signature performed well in predicting secondary LOR, showing good discrimination in the training cohort (AUC [area under the curve], 0.947; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.910-0.976), the testing cohort (AUC, 0.860; 95% CI, 0.768-0.941), and the validation cohort (AUC, 0.921; 95% CI: 0.831-1.000). Decision curve analysis (DCA) demonstrated the clinical value of the radiomics nomogram. Conclusions The CTE-based radiomics model showed good performance in predicting secondary LOR in CD patients. The nomogram can help clinicians choose alternative biologics early for CD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zhu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, PR China
| | - Xingwei Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, PR China
| | - Shihui Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241001, PR China
| | - Jing Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, PR China
| | - Yankun Gao
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, PR China
| | - Cuiping Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, PR China
| | - Jianying Li
- CT Research Center, GE Healthcare China, Shanghai, 210000, PR China
| | - Xingwang Wu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230022, PR China
- Corresponding author. Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Jixi Road, Shushan District, Hefei, Anhui Province, 230022, PR China.
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Stibbe JA, Hoogland P, Achterberg FB, Holman DR, Sojwal RS, Burggraaf J, Vahrmeijer AL, Nagengast WB, Rogalla S. Highlighting the Undetectable - Fluorescence Molecular Imaging in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. Mol Imaging Biol 2023; 25:18-35. [PMID: 35764908 PMCID: PMC9971088 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-022-01741-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Flexible high-definition white-light endoscopy is the current gold standard in screening for cancer and its precursor lesions in the gastrointestinal tract. However, miss rates are high, especially in populations at high risk for developing gastrointestinal cancer (e.g., inflammatory bowel disease, Lynch syndrome, or Barrett's esophagus) where lesions tend to be flat and subtle. Fluorescence molecular endoscopy (FME) enables intraluminal visualization of (pre)malignant lesions based on specific biomolecular features rather than morphology by using fluorescently labeled molecular probes that bind to specific molecular targets. This strategy has the potential to serve as a valuable tool for the clinician to improve endoscopic lesion detection and real-time clinical decision-making. This narrative review presents an overview of recent advances in FME, focusing on probe development, techniques, and clinical evidence. Future perspectives will also be addressed, such as the use of FME in patient stratification for targeted therapies and potential alliances with artificial intelligence. KEY MESSAGES: • Fluorescence molecular endoscopy is a relatively new technology that enables safe and real-time endoscopic lesion visualization based on specific molecular features rather than on morphology, thereby adding a layer of information to endoscopy, like in PET-CT imaging. • Recently the transition from preclinical to clinical studies has been made, with promising results regarding enhancing detection of flat and subtle lesions in the colon and esophagus. However, clinical evidence needs to be strengthened by larger patient studies with stratified study designs. • In the future fluorescence molecular endoscopy could serve as a valuable tool in clinical workflows to improve detection in high-risk populations like patients with Barrett's esophagus, Lynch syndrome, and inflammatory bowel syndrome, where flat and subtle lesions tend to be malignant up to five times more often. • Fluorescence molecular endoscopy has the potential to assess therapy responsiveness in vivo for targeted therapies, thereby playing a role in personalizing medicine. • To further reduce high miss rates due to human and technical factors, joint application of artificial intelligence and fluorescence molecular endoscopy are likely to generate added value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith A Stibbe
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Petra Hoogland
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Friso B Achterberg
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Derek R Holman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Raoul S Sojwal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jacobus Burggraaf
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Centre for Human Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander L Vahrmeijer
- Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter B Nagengast
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Stephan Rogalla
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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31
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Friedrich M, Travis S. Shining a Light on Barrier Function. Gastroenterology 2023; 164:184-186. [PMID: 36410444 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2022.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Friedrich
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine and, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences and, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Travis
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine and, Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences and, Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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32
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Liu XY, Tang H, Zhou QY, Zeng YL, Chen D, Xu H, Li Y, Tan B, Qian JM. Advancing the precision management of inflammatory bowel disease in the era of omics approaches and new technology. World J Gastroenterol 2023; 29:272-285. [PMID: 36687128 PMCID: PMC9846940 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i2.272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is great heterogeneity among inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients in terms of pathogenesis, clinical manifestation, response to treatment, and prognosis, which requires the individualized and precision management of patients. Many studies have focused on prediction biomarkers and models for assessing IBD disease type, activity, severity, and prognosis. During the era of biologics, how to predict the response and side effects of patients to different treatments and how to quickly recognize the loss of response have also become important topics. Multiomics is a promising area for investigating the complex network of IBD pathogenesis. Integrating numerous amounts of data requires the use of artificial intelligence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yu Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100730, China
- Eight-year Medical Doctor Program, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Hao Tang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Qing-Yang Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yan-Lin Zeng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100730, China
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Bei Tan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Jia-Ming Qian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing 100730, China
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Vieujean S, Louis E. Precision medicine and drug optimization in adult inflammatory bowel disease patients. Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2023; 16:17562848231173331. [PMID: 37197397 PMCID: PMC10184262 DOI: 10.1177/17562848231173331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) encompass two main entities including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Although having a common global pathophysiological mechanism, IBD patients are characterized by a significant interindividual heterogeneity and may differ by their disease type, disease locations, disease behaviours, disease manifestations, disease course as well as treatment needs. Indeed, although the therapeutic armamentarium for these diseases has expanded rapidly in recent years, a proportion of patients remains with a suboptimal response to medical treatment due to primary non-response, secondary loss of response or intolerance to currently available drugs. Identifying, prior to treatment initiation, which patients are likely to respond to a specific drug would improve the disease management, avoid unnecessary side effects and reduce the healthcare expenses. Precision medicine classifies individuals into subpopulations according to clinical and molecular characteristics with the objective to tailor preventative and therapeutic interventions to the characteristics of each patient. Interventions would thus be performed only on those who will benefit, sparing side effects and expense for those who will not. This review aims to summarize clinical factors, biomarkers (genetic, transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolic, radiomic or from the microbiota) and tools that could predict disease progression to guide towards a step-up or top-down strategy. Predictive factors of response or non-response to treatment will then be reviewed, followed by a discussion about the optimal dose of drug required for patients. The time at which these treatments should be administered (or rather can be stopped in case of a deep remission or in the aftermath of a surgery) will also be addressed. IBD remain biologically complex, with multifactorial etiopathology, clinical heterogeneity as well as temporal and therapeutic variabilities, which makes precision medicine especially challenging in this area. Although applied for many years in oncology, it remains an unmet medical need in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Vieujean
- Hepato-Gastroenterology and Digestive Oncology, University Hospital CHU of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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34
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Psoriatic arthritis: review of potential biomarkers predicting response to TNF inhibitors. Inflammopharmacology 2023; 31:77-87. [PMID: 36508130 PMCID: PMC9957889 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-01092-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a chronic and painful inflammatory immune-mediated disease. It affects up to 40% of people with psoriasis and it is associated with several comorbidities such as obesity, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and hypertension. PsA is difficult to diagnose because of its diverse symptoms, namely axial and peripheral arthritis, enthesitis, dactylitis, skin changes, and nail dystrophy. Different drugs exist to treat the inflammation and pain. When patients do not respond to conventional drugs, they are treated with biologic drugs. Tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi's) are commonly given as the first biologic drug; beside being expensive, they also lack efficacy in 50% of patients. A biomarker predicting individual patient's response to TNFi would help treating them earlier with an appropriate biologic drug. This study aimed to review the literature to identify potential biomarkers that should be investigated for their predictive ability. Several such biomarkers were identified, namely transmembrane TNFα (tmTNF), human serum albumin (HSA) and its half-life receptor, the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) which is also involved in IgG lifespan; calprotectin, high mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1) and advanced glycation end products (AGEs) whose overexpression lead to excessive production of pro-inflammatory cytokines; lymphotoxin α (LTα) which induces inflammation by binding to TNF receptor (TNFR); and T helper 17 (Th17) cells which induce inflammation by IL-17A secretion.
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35
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Lenti MV, Scribano ML, Biancone L, Ciccocioppo R, Pugliese D, Pastorelli L, Fiorino G, Savarino E, Caprioli FA, Ardizzone S, Fantini MC, Tontini GE, Orlando A, Sampietro GM, Sturniolo GC, Monteleone G, Vecchi M, Kohn A, Daperno M, D’Incà R, Corazza GR, Di Sabatino A. Personalize, participate, predict, and prevent: 4Ps in inflammatory bowel disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1031998. [PMID: 37113615 PMCID: PMC10126747 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1031998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is a complex, immune-mediated, disorder which leads to several gastrointestinal and systemic manifestations determining a poor quality of life, disability, and other negative health outcomes. Our knowledge of this condition has greatly improved over the last few decades, and a comprehensive management should take into account both biological (i.e., disease-related, patient-related) and non-biological (i.e., socioeconomic, cultural, environmental, behavioral) factors which contribute to the disease phenotype. From this point of view, the so called 4P medicine framework, including personalization, prediction, prevention, and participation could be useful for tailoring ad hoc interventions in IBD patients. In this review, we discuss the cutting-edge issues regarding personalization in special settings (i.e., pregnancy, oncology, infectious diseases), patient participation (i.e., how to communicate, disability, tackling stigma and resilience, quality of care), disease prediction (i.e., faecal markers, response to treatments), and prevention (i.e., dysplasia through endoscopy, infections through vaccinations, and post-surgical recurrence). Finally, we provide an outlook discussing the unmet needs for implementing this conceptual framework in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Vincenzo Lenti
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Livia Biancone
- Unit of Gastroenterology, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Rachele Ciccocioppo
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medicine, A.O.U.I. Policlinico G.B. Rossi and University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Daniela Pugliese
- CEMAD Digestive Disease Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Pastorelli
- Liver and Gastroenterology Unit, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Gionata Fiorino
- IBD Unit, Ospedale San Camillo-Forlanini, Rome, Italy
- Department of Gastroenterology, San Raffaele Hospital and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University,, Milan, Italy
| | - Edoardo Savarino
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Flavio Andrea Caprioli
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico and Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Sandro Ardizzone
- Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Claudio Fantini
- Department of Medical Science and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- Gastroenterology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria (AOU) di Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Gian Eugenio Tontini
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milano, Italy
| | - Ambrogio Orlando
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti "Villa Sofia-Cervello" Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Giacomo Carlo Sturniolo
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Giovanni Monteleone
- Unit of Gastroenterology, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Vecchi
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico and Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Kohn
- Gastroenterology Operative Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo-Forlanini FR, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Daperno
- Division of Gastroenterology, Ospedale Ordine Mauriziano di Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - Renata D’Incà
- Department of Gastroenterology, San Raffaele Hospital and Vita-Salute San Raffaele University,, Milan, Italy
| | - Gino Roberto Corazza
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonio Di Sabatino
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Internal Medicine, San Matteo Hospital Foundation, Pavia, Italy
- *Correspondence: Antonio Di Sabatino,
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Preaudet A, Fung KY, Putoczki TL. Confocal Endomicroscopy Monitoring of Tumor Formation. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2691:257-262. [PMID: 37355552 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3331-1_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
The utilization of preclinical murine models of colorectal cancer (CRC) has been essential to our understanding of the onset and progression of disease. As the genetic complexity of these models evolves to better recapitulate emerging CRC subtypes, our ability to utilize these models to discover and validate novel therapeutic targets will also improve. This will be aided, in part, by the development of live animal imaging techniques, including confocal endomicroscopy for mice. Here in this chapter, we describe the combined use of standard white light endoscopy and confocal endomicroscopy thereby providing a method to rapidly image and assess changes in the colon of an individual live mouse in real time. These methods permit the generation of high-resolution cross-sectional images of the tumor microenvironment for immediate visualization of cells of interest, avoiding the need for euthanasia and tissue collection across multiple cohorts of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adele Preaudet
- Personalised Oncology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ka Yee Fung
- Personalised Oncology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Tracy L Putoczki
- Personalised Oncology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
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Abstract
Targeting cytokines in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a useful clinical approach. Potential therapies for IBD include regulatory T cell transfer to restore cytokine balance, blocking proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-12 and IL-23) or their receptors (sIL-6R and IL-36R), or inhibiting signaling kinases (e.g., JAK). An emerging trend in IBD therapy is to combine several anti-cytokine agents simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus F Neurath
- Department of Medicine 1, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Kussmaul Campus for Medical Research, and Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
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Confocal laser endomicroscope with distal MEMS scanner for real-time histopathology. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20155. [PMID: 36418439 PMCID: PMC9684518 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24210-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Confocal laser endomicroscopy is an emerging methodology to perform real time optical biopsy. Fluorescence images with histology-like quality can be collected instantaneously from the epithelium of hollow organs. Currently, scanning is performed at the proximal end of probe-based instruments used routinely in the clinic, and flexibility to control the focus is limited. We demonstrate use of a parametric resonance scanner packaged in the distal end of the endomicroscope to perform high speed lateral deflections. An aperture was etched in the center of the reflector to fold the optical path. This design reduced the dimensions of the instrument to 2.4 mm diameter and 10 mm length, allowing for forward passage through the working channel of a standard medical endoscope. A compact lens assembly provides lateral and axial resolution of 1.1 and 13.6 μm, respectively. A working distance of 0 μm and field-of-view of 250 μm × 250 μm was achieved at frame rates up to 20 Hz. Excitation at 488 nm was delivered to excite fluorescein, an FDA-approved dye, to generate high tissue contrast. The endomicroscope was reprocessed using a clinically-approved sterilization method for 18 cycles without failure. Fluorescence images were collected during routine colonoscopy from normal colonic mucosa, tubular adenomas, hyperplastic polyps, ulcerative colitis, and Crohn's colitis. Individual cells, including colonocytes, goblet cells, and inflammatory cells, could be identified. Mucosal features, such as crypt structures, crypt lumens, and lamina propria, could be distinguished. This instrument has potential to be used as an accessory during routine medical endoscopy.
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Alfarone L, Parigi TL, Gabbiadini R, Dal Buono A, Spinelli A, Hassan C, Iacucci M, Repici A, Armuzzi A. Technological advances in inflammatory bowel disease endoscopy and histology. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:1058875. [PMID: 36438050 PMCID: PMC9691880 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1058875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurate disease characterization is the pillar of modern treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and endoscopy is the mainstay of disease assessment and colorectal cancer surveillance. Recent technological progress has enhanced and expanded the use of endoscopy in IBD. In particular, numerous artificial intelligence (AI)-powered systems have shown to support human endoscopists' evaluations, improving accuracy and consistency while saving time. Moreover, advanced optical technologies such as endocytoscopy (EC), allowing high magnification in vivo, can bridge endoscopy with histology. Furthermore, molecular imaging, through probe based confocal laser endomicroscopy allows the real-time detection of specific biomarkers on gastrointestinal surface, and could be used to predict therapeutic response, paving the way to precision medicine. In parallel, as the applications of AI spread, computers are positioned to resolve some of the limitations of human histopathology evaluation, such as interobserver variability and inconsistencies in assessment. The aim of this review is to summarize the most promising advances in endoscopic and histologic assessment of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovico Alfarone
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
- IBD Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Tommaso Lorenzo Parigi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
- IBD Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Antonino Spinelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
- Colon and Rectal Surgery Division, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Cesare Hassan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
- Endoscopy Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Marietta Iacucci
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandro Repici
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
- Endoscopy Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Armuzzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
- IBD Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
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40
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Cao D, Qian K, Zhao Y, Hong J, Chen H, Wang X, Yang N, Zhang C, Cao J, Jia K, Wu G, Zhu M, Shen J, Zhang Y, Cui Z, Wang Z. Association of neutrophil extracellular traps with fistula healing in patients with complex perianal fistulising Crohn's disease. J Crohns Colitis 2022; 17:580-592. [PMID: 36322703 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjac171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Perianal fistulising Crohn's disease (pfCD) is a disabling phenotype of Crohn's disease (CD) with suboptimal outcomes. We assessed neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in perianal fistulas and implicated their roles in pfCD healing. METHODS Patients with complex pfCD who developed preplaced seton drainage were recruited during the verified maintenance of remission in CD. Fistula tracts were sampled during definitive surgery plus seton removal. Patient demographics, CD classification, medication strategy, and healing of pfCD were recorded. RNA sequencing was applied for transcriptomic profile analysis. NETs components, including myeloperoxidase (MPO), neutrophil elastase (NE), and citrullinated histone H3 (CitH3), were identified using immunofluorescence. Serum infliximab (IFX), anti-IFX antibodies, and tissue levels of IFX, adalimumab (ADA), MPO and CitH3 were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Peptidyl arginine deiminase IV (PAD4), tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and NE were detected using immunohistochemistry. Gene expression levels of PAD family members were assessed with qPCR. RESULTS Twenty-one patients were included, 15 of whom adopted IFX as maintenance treatment. RNA-seq revealed difference in neutrophil associated pathways between unhealed and healed fistulas. NETs components (MPO/NE/CitH3) were detectable in the fistulas and were parallel with the PAD4 levels. Eleven of 21 (52%) patients experienced complete healing of the pfCD 108 weeks post-operatively. Fistula NETs were significantly increased in patients with unhealed pfCD. Increased NETs were associated with abundant TNF-α production and the absence of IFX in fistulas. CONCLUSIONS NETs exist in pfCD fistulas, which are associated with unhealed post-operative fistulas in pfCD, suggesting their prognostic roles in pfCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxing Cao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Keyu Qian
- Laboratory of Medicine, Baoshan Branch, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes; Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Shanghai Cancer Institute; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease; Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Jie Hong
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes; Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Shanghai Cancer Institute; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease; Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Haoyan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes; Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Shanghai Cancer Institute; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease; Ren Ji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Baoshan Branch, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Nailin Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Jingkai Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Baoshan Branch, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Keyu Jia
- Laboratory of Medicine, Baoshan Branch, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Guangyu Wu
- Department of Radiology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Mingming Zhu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Jun Shen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Research Center, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Laboratory of Medicine, Baoshan Branch, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Zhe Cui
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China; Department of General Surgery, Baoshan Branch, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.1058, Huan Zhen Bei Rd, Baoshan District, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
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Nardone OM, Cannatelli R, Ghosh S, Iacucci M. New endoscopic tools in inflammatory bowel disease. United European Gastroenterol J 2022; 10:1103-1112. [PMID: 36225117 PMCID: PMC9752280 DOI: 10.1002/ueg2.12316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoscopic remission is now considered the ultimate long-term goal for treating inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Recent advances in endoscopic techniques have progressively added new tools to the armamentarium of endoscopists for a deeper assessment and characterisation of the intestinal mucosa. Virtual Electronic chromoendoscopy is widely available in the endoscopic units, leading to a more accurate evaluation of the vascular and mucosal architecture of the colon, reducing the gap with histology, which is considered a favourable long-term measure. In addition, advanced, sophisticated techniques such as endocytoscope and confocal laser endomicroscopy provide insights into individualised and personalised IBD therapy. Finally, high expectations are placed on the advent of Artificial Intelligence (AI) with promising applications that have the potential to revolutionise IBD diagnosis and management. Here, we discuss state-of-the-art of endoscopic techniques and their applicability to accurate assess endoscopic and histological remission, predict response to therapy and detect, characterise and guide treatment of colonic dysplastic lesions. We are seeing the dawn of a new era wherein the applications of these new endoscopic tools, hand in hand with AI, offer the most incredible opportunity to deliver precision medicine to patients with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Maria Nardone
- Institute of Immunology and ImmunotherapyUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK,Department of Public HealthUniversity Federico II of NaplesNaplesItaly
| | - Rosanna Cannatelli
- Institute of Immunology and ImmunotherapyUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK,Gastroenterology UnitASST Fatebenefratelli‐SaccoDepartment of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences‘Luigi Sacco’ University HospitalMilanItaly
| | - Subrata Ghosh
- APC Microbiome Ireland CentreCollege of Medicine and HealthUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
| | - Marietta Iacucci
- Institute of Immunology and ImmunotherapyUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK,NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research CentreUniversity Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
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42
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Noor NM, Sousa P, Paul S, Roblin X. Early Diagnosis, Early Stratification, and Early Intervention to Deliver Precision Medicine in IBD. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2022; 28:1254-1264. [PMID: 34480558 PMCID: PMC9340521 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izab228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Despite huge advances in understanding the molecular basis of IBD, clinical management has continued to rely on a "trial and error" approach. In addition, a therapeutic ceiling has emerged whereby even the most effective interventions are only beneficial for approximately 30% of patients. Consequently, several tools have been developed to aid stratification and guide treatment-decisions. We review the potential application for many of these precision medicine approaches, which are now almost within reach. We highlight the importance of early action (and avoiding inaction) to ensure the best outcomes for patients and how combining early action with precision tools will likely ensure the right treatment is delivered at the right time and place for each individual person living with IBD. The lack of clinical impact to date from precision medicine, despite much hype and investment, should be tempered with the knowledge that clinical translation can take a long time, and many promising breakthroughs might be ready for clinical implementation in the near future. We discuss some of the remaining challenges and barriers to overcome for clinical adoption. We also highlight that early recognition, early diagnosis, early stratification, and early intervention go hand in hand with precision medicine tools. It is the combination of these approaches that offer the greatest opportunity to finally deliver on the promise of precision medicine in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurulamin M Noor
- Department of Gastroenterology, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Medical Research Council Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paula Sousa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Viseu Unit, Tondela-Viseu Hospital Centre, 3504–509 Viseu, Portugal
| | - Stéphane Paul
- Faculty of Medicine of Saint-Etienne, Immunology Unit University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, CIC INSERM 1408, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Xavier Roblin
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital of Sain- Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
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43
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Qiu J, Wu C, Gao Q, Li S, Li Y. Effect of fecal microbiota transplantation on the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway in rats with TNBS-induced colitis. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022; 10:825. [PMID: 36034975 PMCID: PMC9403912 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-3227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Traditional treatments for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have adverse side effects, and patients who receive such treatments have high recurrence rates. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has become an increasingly popular therapeutic option for patients with IBD. However, the mechanism by which FMT alleviates this disease remains unclear. Methods In this study, a rat model of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis was established and used to explore whether the transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1)/small mothers against decapentaplegic (Smad) signaling pathway plays a critical role in the FMT alleviation of IBD. Results After the FMT intervention, the disease activity index and histologic scores were significantly decreased. In addition, the TGF-β1 expression level in the FMT group was significantly decreased by approximately 0.72-fold relative to the level in the TNBS colitis group, whereas the Smad3, Smad4, and Smad7 expression levels had increased by approximately 1.21, 1.40, and 1.18 folds, respectively. Similarly, SB431542 inhibited the expression of TGF-β1 and promoted the expression of Smad3, Smad4, and Smad7. Further, the serum levels of the inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were significantly decreased, whereas that of the interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) was not significantly changed after the FMT intervention. Conclusions These results suggest that FMT inhibits the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway to attenuate inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlang Qiu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fuzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Caixian Wu
- Department of Anus-Intestines, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qianyu Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fuzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Sheng Li
- Department of Oncology, Fuzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuhua Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fuzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Fuzhou, China
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Cui G, Florholmen J, Goll R. Could Mucosal TNF Transcript as a Biomarker Candidate Help Optimize Anti-TNF Biological Therapy in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis? Front Immunol 2022; 13:881112. [PMID: 35663996 PMCID: PMC9162116 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.881112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) biological therapy has generally been accepted as a standard therapeutic option in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patient who are refractory to steroids or immunomodulators. However, the primary and secondary nonresponse rates to anti-TNF bioagents in patients with IBD are high. To improve the response rate, anti-TNF bioagents must be offered to the appropriate IBD patients, and the withdrawal of anti-TNF bioagents needs to be done at the right time. In this context, reliable and reproducible biomarkers can provide important supportive information for clinicians to make correct decisions based on the patient’s individual situation. In this review, we summarized the current understanding of using mucosal TNF transcript (TNF) to improve the precision of anti-TNF biological therapy strategies in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). Analysis of published literature showed that mucosal TNF could affect the precision of the early identification of candidates who will benefit from anti-TNF therapy prior to treatment, the assessment of response and mucosal healing, and the prediction of discontinuation of anti-TNF biological therapy and relapse after drug withdrawal. Challenges and limitations of using mucosal TNF as a biomarker in applying individualized anti-TNF biological therapy in patients with UC still remain and need to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanglin Cui
- Research Group of Gastrointestinal Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Faculty of Health Science, Nord University, Campus Levanger, Levanger, Norway.,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jon Florholmen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Rasmus Goll
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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45
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Pu D, Zhang Z, Feng B. Alterations and Potential Applications of Gut Microbiota in Biological Therapy for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:906419. [PMID: 35734396 PMCID: PMC9207480 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.906419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, is a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract that is closely associated with dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota. Currently, biologic agents are the mainstream therapies for IBD. With the increasing incidence of IBD, limitations of biologic agents have gradually emerged during treatment. Recent studies have indicated that gut microbiota is highly correlated with the efficacy of biologic agents. This review focuses on alterations in both the components and metabolites of gut microbiota during biological therapy for IBD, systematically summarises the specific gut microbiota closely related to the clinical efficacy, and compares current predictive models for the efficacy of biologics, further highlighting the predictive value of intestinal microbiota. Based on the mechanistic analysis of faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and biologic agents, a new therapeutic strategy, comprising a combination of FMT and biologics, has been proposed as a promising treatment for IBD with improved efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhe Zhang
- *Correspondence: Zhe Zhang, ; Baisui Feng,
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Abstract
Increasing insights into the immunopathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases [IBD] have led to the advent of targeted therapies that inhibit crucial mediators of the inflammatory process, thereby widening our available therapeutic armamentarium. Anti-tumour necrosis factor [anti-TNF] agents are still a mainstay of our therapeutic endeavours and the introduction of corresponding biosimilars has further widened their use. Nevertheless, only a subgroup of treated patients benefit from the initiated treatment and there is secondary non-response in the course of therapy. Initiation of subsequent therapy often poses a challenge to the treating physician, as non-response to primary anti-TNF treatment generally characterizes a patient group that is more treatment-resistant, which may be due to the immunological impregnation by prior anti-TNF exposure. At present, there is currently no guidance for the most appropriate second-line therapy after anti-TNF failure. Here, we review the efficacy of secondary biological therapy in anti-TNF-treated patients. We focus on and assess available clinical trial data of the emerging substance class of IL-23p19 inhibitors, which have demonstrated remarkable efficacy not only in anti-TNF-naïve but also refractory patients. We present molecular mechanisms that drive IL-23-mediated resistance to ongoing anti-TNF therapy and discuss the dynamic fluidity of the mucosal cytokine network in the course of therapy that perpetuates the mucosal inflammatory reaction. Translation of these findings into clinical practice might finally lead to initiation of the most appropriate therapy at the right time of the individual disease course, which would have important implications for the patient's probability of response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Atreya
- Corresponding author: Raja Atreya, Professor of Medicine, Department of Medicine 1, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Ulmenweg 18, 91054 Erlangen, Germany. Tel: +49-9131-85-35000; Fax: +49-9131-85-35209;
| | - Markus F Neurath
- Medical Clinic 1, Department of Medicine, University Hospital Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany,Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Erlangen, Germany
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47
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Ninnemann J, Winsauer C, Bondareva M, Kühl AA, Lozza L, Durek P, Lissner D, Siegmund B, Kaufmann SHE, Mashreghi MF, Nedospasov SA, Kruglov AA. TNF hampers intestinal tissue repair in colitis by restricting IL-22 bioavailability. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:698-716. [PMID: 35383266 PMCID: PMC9259490 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-022-00506-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Successful treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases integrates both the cessation of inflammation and the induction of adequate tissue repair processes. Strikingly, targeting a single proinflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), induces both processes in a relevant cohort of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying intestinal repair following TNF blockade during IBD remain elusive. Using a novel humanized model of experimental colitis, we demonstrate that TNF interfered with the tissue repair program via induction of a soluble natural antagonist of IL-22 (IL-22Ra2; IL-22BP) in the colon and abrogated IL-22/STAT3-mediated mucosal repair during colitis. Furthermore, membrane-bound TNF expressed by T cells perpetuated colonic inflammation, while soluble TNF produced by epithelial cells (IECs) induced IL-22BP expression in colonic dendritic cells (DCs) and dampened IL-22-driven restitution of colonic epithelial functions. Finally, TNF induced IL-22BP expression in human monocyte-derived DCs and levels of IL22-BP correlated with TNF in sera of IBD patients. Thus, our data can explain how anti-TNF therapy induces mucosal healing by increasing IL-22 availability and implicates new therapeutic opportunities for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justus Ninnemann
- German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Caroline Winsauer
- German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marina Bondareva
- German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology and Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anja A Kühl
- iPATH.Berlin, Core Unit of Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Laura Lozza
- Department of Immunology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pawel Durek
- German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Donata Lissner
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Britta Siegmund
- Department of Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan H E Kaufmann
- Department of Immunology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Sergei A Nedospasov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology and Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrey A Kruglov
- German Rheumatism Research Center (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany.
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology and Biological Faculty, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
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Kommentar. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2022. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1710-7626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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49
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Splenic Architecture and Function Requires Tight Control of Transmembrane TNF Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042229. [PMID: 35216345 PMCID: PMC8876982 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Soluble tumor necrosis factor (sTNF) is an important inflammatory mediator and essential for secondary lymphoid organ (SLO) development and function. However, the role of its transmembrane counterpart (tmTNF) in these processes is less well established. Here, the effects of tmTNF overxpression on SLO architecture and function were investigated using tmTNF-transgenic (tmTNF-tg) mice. tmTNF overexpression resulted in enlarged peripheral lymph nodes (PLNs) and spleen, accompanied by an increase in small splenic lymphoid follicles, with less well-defined primary B cell follicles and T cell zones. In tmTNF-tg mice, the spleen, but not PLNs, contained reduced germinal center (GC) B cell fractions, with low Ki67 expression and reduced dark zone characteristics. In line with this, smaller fractions of T follicular helper (Tfh) and T follicular regulatory (Tfr) cells were observed with a decreased Tfh:Tfr ratio. Moreover, plasma cell (PC) formation in the spleen of tmTNF-tg mice decreased and skewed towards IgA and IgM expression. Genetic deletion of TNFRI or –II resulted in a normalization of follicle morphology in the spleen of tmTNF-tg mice, but GC B cell and PC fractions remained abnormal. These findings demonstrate that tightly regulated tmTNF is important for proper SLO development and function, and that aberrations induced by tmTNF overexpression are site-specific and mediated via TNFRI and/or TNFRII signaling.
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50
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Parigi TL, Mastrorocco E, Da Rio L, Allocca M, D’Amico F, Zilli A, Fiorino G, Danese S, Furfaro F. Evolution and New Horizons of Endoscopy in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11030872. [PMID: 35160322 PMCID: PMC8837111 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11030872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoscopy is the mainstay of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) evaluation and the pillar of colorectal cancer surveillance. Endoscopic equipment, both hardware and software, are advancing at an incredible pace. Virtual chromoendoscopy is now widely available, allowing the detection of subtle inflammatory changes, thus reducing the gap between endoscopic and histologic assessment. The progress in the field of artificial intelligence (AI) has been remarkable, and numerous applications are now in an advanced stage of development. Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems are likely to reshape most of the evaluations that are now prerogative of human endoscopists. Furthermore, sophisticated tools such as endocytoscopy and probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy (pCLE) are enhancing our assessment of inflammation and dysplasia. Finally, pCLE combined with molecular labeling could pave the way to a new paradigm of personalized medicine. This review aims to summarize the main changes that occurred in the field of IBD endoscopy and to explore the most promising novelties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Lorenzo Parigi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20090 Milan, Italy; (T.L.P.); (E.M.); (L.D.R.)
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Elisabetta Mastrorocco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20090 Milan, Italy; (T.L.P.); (E.M.); (L.D.R.)
| | - Leonardo Da Rio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20090 Milan, Italy; (T.L.P.); (E.M.); (L.D.R.)
| | - Mariangela Allocca
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy; (M.A.); (F.D.); (A.Z.); (G.F.); (S.D.)
| | - Ferdinando D’Amico
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy; (M.A.); (F.D.); (A.Z.); (G.F.); (S.D.)
| | - Alessandra Zilli
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy; (M.A.); (F.D.); (A.Z.); (G.F.); (S.D.)
| | - Gionata Fiorino
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy; (M.A.); (F.D.); (A.Z.); (G.F.); (S.D.)
| | - Silvio Danese
- Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, 20132 Milan, Italy; (M.A.); (F.D.); (A.Z.); (G.F.); (S.D.)
| | - Federica Furfaro
- IBD Center, Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0282245555
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