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Chen X, Wu Q, Gong W, Ju S, Fan J, Gao X, Liu X, Lei X, Liu S, Ming X, Wang Q, Fu M, Song Y, Wang Y, Zhan Q. GRP75 triggers white adipose tissue browning to promote cancer-associated cachexia. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:253. [PMID: 39327432 PMCID: PMC11427701 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01950-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cachexia, which affects 50-80% of cancer patients, is a debilitating syndrome that leads to 20% of cancer-related deaths. A key feature of cachexia is adipose tissue atrophy, but how it contributes to the development of cachexia is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate in mouse models of cancer cachexia that white adipose tissue browning, which can be a characteristic early-onset manifestation, occurs prior to the loss of body weight and skeletal muscle wasting. By analysing the proteins differentially expressed in extracellular vesicles derived from cachexia-inducing tumours, we identified a molecular chaperone, Glucose-regulated protein 75 (GRP75), as a critical mediator of adipocyte browning. Mechanistically, GRP75 binds adenine nucleotide translocase 2 (ANT2) to form a GRP75-ANT2 complex. Strikingly, stabilized ANT2 enhances its interaction with uncoupling protein 1, leading to elevated expression of the latter, which, in turn, promotes adipocyte browning. Treatment with withanone, a GRP75 inhibitor, can reverse this browning and alleviate cachectic phenotypes in vivo. Overall, our findings reveal a novel mechanism by which tumour-derived GRP75 regulates white adipose tissue browning during cachexia development and suggest a potential white adipose tissue-centred targeting approach for early cachexia intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China
| | - Qingnan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 100142, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Gong
- Peking University-Yunnan Baiyao International Medical Research Center, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Shaolong Ju
- Center for Infection and Immunity, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Jiawen Fan
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 100142, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China
| | - Xingyang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 100142, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Lei
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Siqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 100142, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangdong Ming
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Qianyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 100142, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China
| | - Yongmei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 100142, Beijing, China.
| | - Qimin Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100021, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, 100142, Beijing, China.
- Research Unit of Molecular Cancer Research, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Soochow University Cancer Institute, Suzhou, 215000, China.
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2
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Langer HT, Ramsamooj S, Dantas E, Murthy A, Ahmed M, Ahmed T, Hwang SK, Grover R, Pozovskiy R, Liang RJ, Queiroz AL, Brown JC, White EP, Janowitz T, Goncalves MD. Restoring adiponectin via rosiglitazone ameliorates tissue wasting in mice with lung cancer. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024; 240:e14167. [PMID: 38779820 PMCID: PMC11250533 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
AIM To investigate systemic regulators of the cancer-associated cachexia syndrome (CACS) in a pre-clinical model for lung cancer with the goal to identify therapeutic targets for tissue wasting. METHODS Using the Kras/Lkb1 (KL) mouse model, we found that CACS is associated with white adipose tissue (WAT) dysfunction that directly affects skeletal muscle homeostasis. WAT transcriptomes showed evidence of reduced adipogenesis, and, in agreement, we found low levels of circulating adiponectin. To preserve adipogenesis and restore adiponectin levels, we treated mice with the PPAR-γ agonist, rosiglitazone. RESULTS Rosiglitazone treatment increased serum adiponectin levels, delayed weight loss, and preserved skeletal muscle and adipose tissue mass, as compared to vehicle-treated mice. The preservation of muscle mass with rosiglitazone was associated with increases in AMPK and AKT activity. Similarly, activation of the adiponectin receptors in muscle cells increased AMPK activity, anabolic signaling, and protein synthesis. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that PPAR-γ agonists may be a useful adjuvant therapy to preserve tissue mass in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Tim Langer
- Division of Endocrinology, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Shakti Ramsamooj
- Division of Endocrinology, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ezequiel Dantas
- Division of Endocrinology, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Anirudh Murthy
- Division of Endocrinology, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mujmmail Ahmed
- Division of Endocrinology, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Tanvir Ahmed
- Division of Endocrinology, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Seo-Kyoung Hwang
- Division of Endocrinology, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Rahul Grover
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Rita Pozovskiy
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, The City University of New York, New York, New York, USA
| | - Roger J Liang
- Division of Endocrinology, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Andre Lima Queiroz
- Division of Endocrinology, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Justin C Brown
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Eileen P White
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Tobias Janowitz
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, USA
| | - Marcus D Goncalves
- Division of Endocrinology, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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3
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Gao Y, Kim K, Vitrac H, Salazar RL, Gould BD, Soedkamp D, Spivia W, Raedschelders K, Dinh AQ, Guzman AG, Tan L, Azinas S, Taylor DJR, Schiffer W, McNavish D, Burks HB, Gottlieb RA, Lorenzi PL, Hanson BM, Van Eyk JE, Taegtmeyer H, Karlstaedt A. Autophagic signaling promotes systems-wide remodeling in skeletal muscle upon oncometabolic stress by D2-HG. Mol Metab 2024; 86:101969. [PMID: 38908793 PMCID: PMC11278897 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cachexia is a metabolic disorder and comorbidity with cancer and heart failure. The syndrome impacts more than thirty million people worldwide, accounting for 20% of all cancer deaths. In acute myeloid leukemia, somatic mutations of the metabolic enzyme isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 cause the production of the oncometabolite D2-hydroxyglutarate (D2-HG). Increased production of D2-HG is associated with heart and skeletal muscle atrophy, but the mechanistic links between metabolic and proteomic remodeling remain poorly understood. Therefore, we assessed how oncometabolic stress by D2-HG activates autophagy and drives skeletal muscle loss. METHODS We quantified genomic, metabolomic, and proteomic changes in cultured skeletal muscle cells and mouse models of IDH-mutant leukemia using RNA sequencing, mass spectrometry, and computational modeling. RESULTS D2-HG impairs NADH redox homeostasis in myotubes. Increased NAD+ levels drive activation of nuclear deacetylase Sirt1, which causes deacetylation and activation of LC3, a key regulator of autophagy. Using LC3 mutants, we confirm that deacetylation of LC3 by Sirt1 shifts its distribution from the nucleus into the cytosol, where it can undergo lipidation at pre-autophagic membranes. Sirt1 silencing or p300 overexpression attenuated autophagy activation in myotubes. In vivo, we identified increased muscle atrophy and reduced grip strength in response to D2-HG in male vs. female mice. In male mice, glycolytic intermediates accumulated, and protein expression of oxidative phosphorylation machinery was reduced. In contrast, female animals upregulated the same proteins, attenuating the phenotype in vivo. Network modeling and machine learning algorithms allowed us to identify candidate proteins essential for regulating oncometabolic adaptation in mouse skeletal muscle. CONCLUSIONS Our multi-omics approach exposes new metabolic vulnerabilities in response to D2-HG in skeletal muscle and provides a conceptual framework for identifying therapeutic targets in cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Kyoungmin Kim
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Heidi Vitrac
- Department of Biochemistry, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Bruker Daltonics, Billerica, MA, USA
| | - Rebecca L Salazar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Benjamin D Gould
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Daniel Soedkamp
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Weston Spivia
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Koen Raedschelders
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - An Q Dinh
- Center for Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Anna G Guzman
- Center for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Lin Tan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Stavros Azinas
- Department of Biochemistry, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - David J R Taylor
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Walter Schiffer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA
| | - Daniel McNavish
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Helen B Burks
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Roberta A Gottlieb
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Philip L Lorenzi
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Blake M Hanson
- Center for Infectious Diseases, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jennifer E Van Eyk
- Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Heinrich Taegtmeyer
- Department of Biochemistry, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Anja Karlstaedt
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
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Sharma AK, Khandelwal R, Wolfrum C. Futile cycles: Emerging utility from apparent futility. Cell Metab 2024; 36:1184-1203. [PMID: 38565147 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2024.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Futile cycles are biological phenomena where two opposing biochemical reactions run simultaneously, resulting in a net energy loss without appreciable productivity. Such a state was presumed to be a biological aberration and thus deemed an energy-wasting "futile" cycle. However, multiple pieces of evidence suggest that biological utilities emerge from futile cycles. A few established functions of futile cycles are to control metabolic sensitivity, modulate energy homeostasis, and drive adaptive thermogenesis. Yet, the physiological regulation, implication, and pathological relevance of most futile cycles remain poorly studied. In this review, we highlight the abundance and versatility of futile cycles and propose a classification scheme. We further discuss the energetic implications of various futile cycles and their impact on basal metabolic rate, their bona fide and tentative pathophysiological implications, and putative drug interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand Kumar Sharma
- Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland.
| | - Radhika Khandelwal
- Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Christian Wolfrum
- Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zurich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland.
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5
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Massart IS, Kouakou A, Pelet N, Lause P, Schakman O, Loumaye A, Abou‐Samra M, Deldicque L, Bindels LB, Brichard SM, Thissen J. Administration of adiponectin receptor agonist AdipoRon relieves cancer cachexia by mitigating inflammation in tumour-bearing mice. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2024; 15:919-933. [PMID: 38572511 PMCID: PMC11154773 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer cachexia is a life-threatening, inflammation-driven wasting syndrome that remains untreatable. Adiponectin, the most abundant adipokine, plays an important role in several metabolic processes as well as in inflammation modulation. Our aim was to test whether administration of AdipoRon (AR), a synthetic agonist of the adiponectin receptors, prevents the development of cancer cachexia and its related muscle atrophy. METHODS The effect of AR on cancer cachexia was investigated in two distinct murine models of colorectal cancer. First, 7-week-old CD2F1 male mice were subcutaneously injected with colon-26 carcinoma cells (C26) or vehicle (CT). Six days after injection, mice were treated for 5 days with AdipoRon (50 mg/kg/day; C26 + AR) or the corresponding vehicle (CT and C26). Additionally, a genetic model, the ApcMin/+ mouse, that develops spontaneously numerous intestinal polyps, was used. Eight-week-old male ApcMin/+ mice were treated with AdipoRon (50 mg/kg/day; Apc + AR) or the corresponding vehicle (Apc) over a period of 12 weeks, with C57BL/6J wild-type mice used as controls. In both models, several parameters were assessed in vivo: body weight, grip strength and serum parameters, as well as ex vivo: molecular changes in muscle, fat and liver. RESULTS The protective effect of AR on cachexia development was observed in both cachectic C26 and ApcMin/+ mice. In these mice, AR administration led to a significant alleviation of body weight loss and muscle wasting, together with rescued muscle strength (P < 0.05 for all). In both models, AR had a strong anti-inflammatory effect, reflected by lower systemic interleukin-6 levels (-55% vs. C26, P < 0.001 and -80% vs. Apc mice, P < 0.05), reduced muscular inflammation as indicated by lower levels of Socs3, phospho-STAT3 and Serpina3n, an acute phase reactant (P < 0.05 for all). In addition, AR blunted circulating levels of corticosterone (-46% vs. C26 mice, P < 0.001 and -60% vs. Apc mice, P < 0.05), the predominant murine glucocorticoid known to induce muscle atrophy. Accordingly, key glucocorticoid-responsive factors implicated in atrophy programmes were-or tended to be-significantly blunted in skeletal muscle by AR. Finally, AR protected against lipid metabolism alterations observed in ApcMin/+ mice, as it mitigated the increase in circulating triglyceride levels (-38%, P < 0.05) by attenuating hepatic triglyceride synthesis and fatty acid uptake by the liver. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, these results show that AdipoRon rescued the cachectic phenotype by alleviating body weight loss and muscle atrophy, along with restraining inflammation and hypercorticism in preclinical murine models. Therefore, AdipoRon could represent an innovative therapeutic strategy to counteract cancer cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle S. Massart
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition Unit, Institute of Experimental and Clinical ResearchUniversité catholique de LouvainBrusselsBelgium
| | - Axell‐Natalie Kouakou
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition Unit, Institute of Experimental and Clinical ResearchUniversité catholique de LouvainBrusselsBelgium
| | - Nathan Pelet
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition Unit, Institute of Experimental and Clinical ResearchUniversité catholique de LouvainBrusselsBelgium
| | - Pascale Lause
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition Unit, Institute of Experimental and Clinical ResearchUniversité catholique de LouvainBrusselsBelgium
| | - Olivier Schakman
- Institute of NeuroscienceUniversité catholique de LouvainLouvain‐la‐NeuveBelgium
| | - Audrey Loumaye
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition Unit, Institute of Experimental and Clinical ResearchUniversité catholique de LouvainBrusselsBelgium
| | - Michel Abou‐Samra
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition Unit, Institute of Experimental and Clinical ResearchUniversité catholique de LouvainBrusselsBelgium
| | - Louise Deldicque
- Institute of NeuroscienceUniversité catholique de LouvainLouvain‐la‐NeuveBelgium
| | - Laure B. Bindels
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research InstituteUniversité catholique de LouvainBrusselsBelgium
| | - Sonia M. Brichard
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition Unit, Institute of Experimental and Clinical ResearchUniversité catholique de LouvainBrusselsBelgium
| | - Jean‐Paul Thissen
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition Unit, Institute of Experimental and Clinical ResearchUniversité catholique de LouvainBrusselsBelgium
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6
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Langer HT, Rohm M, Goncalves MD, Sylow L. AMPK as a mediator of tissue preservation: time for a shift in dogma? Nat Rev Endocrinol 2024:10.1038/s41574-024-00992-y. [PMID: 38760482 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-024-00992-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Ground-breaking discoveries have established 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) as a central sensor of metabolic stress in cells and tissues. AMPK is activated through cellular starvation, exercise and drugs by either directly or indirectly affecting the intracellular AMP (or ADP) to ATP ratio. In turn, AMPK regulates multiple processes of cell metabolism, such as the maintenance of cellular ATP levels, via the regulation of fatty acid oxidation, glucose uptake, glycolysis, autophagy, mitochondrial biogenesis and degradation, and insulin sensitivity. Moreover, AMPK inhibits anabolic processes, such as lipogenesis and protein synthesis. These findings support the notion that AMPK is a crucial regulator of cell catabolism. However, studies have revealed that AMPK's role in cell homeostasis might not be as unidirectional as originally thought. This Review explores emerging evidence for AMPK as a promoter of cell survival and an enhancer of anabolic capacity in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue during catabolic crises. We discuss AMPK-activating interventions for tissue preservation during tissue wasting in cancer-associated cachexia and explore the clinical potential of AMPK activation in wasting conditions. Overall, we provide arguments that call for a shift in the current dogma of AMPK as a mere regulator of cell catabolism, concluding that AMPK has an unexpected role in tissue preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Tim Langer
- Division of Endocrinology, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach an der Riβ, Germany.
| | - Maria Rohm
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marcus DaSilva Goncalves
- Division of Endocrinology, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lykke Sylow
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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7
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Jin X, Liu L, Liu D, Wu J, Wang C, Wang S, Wang F, Yu G, Jin X, Xue YW, Jiang D, Ni Y, Yang X, Wang MS, Wang ZW, Orlov YL, Jia W, Melino G, Liu JB, Chen WL. Unveiling the methionine cycle: a key metabolic signature and NR4A2 as a methionine-responsive oncogene in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cell Death Differ 2024; 31:558-573. [PMID: 38570607 PMCID: PMC11094133 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-024-01285-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a deadly malignancy with notable metabolic reprogramming, yet the pivotal metabolic feature driving ESCC progression remains elusive. Here, we show that methionine cycle exhibits robust activation in ESCC and is reversely associated with patient survival. ESCC cells readily harness exogenous methionine to generate S-adenosyl-methionine (SAM), thus promoting cell proliferation. Mechanistically, methionine augments METTL3-mediated RNA m6A methylation through SAM and revises gene expression. Integrative omics analysis highlights the potent influence of methionine/SAM on NR4A2 expression in a tumor-specific manner, mediated by the IGF2BP2-dependent stabilization of methylated NR4A2 mRNA. We demonstrate that NR4A2 facilitates ESCC growth and negatively impacts patient survival. We further identify celecoxib as an effective inhibitor of NR4A2, offering promise as a new anti-ESCC agent. In summary, our findings underscore the active methionine cycle as a critical metabolic characteristic in ESCC, and pinpoint NR4A2 as a novel methionine-responsive oncogene, thereby presenting a compelling target potentially superior to methionine restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Jin
- Cancer Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Disease and Syndrome Biology of Inflammatory Cancer Transformation, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226300, China
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Cancer Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Disease and Syndrome Biology of Inflammatory Cancer Transformation, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jia Wu
- Cancer Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Disease and Syndrome Biology of Inflammatory Cancer Transformation, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Congcong Wang
- Cancer Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Disease and Syndrome Biology of Inflammatory Cancer Transformation, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Siliang Wang
- Cancer Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Disease and Syndrome Biology of Inflammatory Cancer Transformation, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Fengying Wang
- Cancer Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Disease and Syndrome Biology of Inflammatory Cancer Transformation, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Guanzhen Yu
- Department of Oncology, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Laboratory of Digital Health and Artificial Intelligence, Zhejiang Digital Content Research Institute, Shaoxing, 312000, China
| | - Xiaoxia Jin
- Department of Pathology, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226300, China
| | - Yu-Wen Xue
- Pathology department, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Dan Jiang
- Pathology department, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yan Ni
- The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, 310029, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Oncology, Shanxi Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi, 030001, China
| | - Ming-Song Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Wang
- Department of Breast, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200030, China
| | - Yuriy L Orlov
- The Digital Health Institute, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, 119991, Russia
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Life Sciences Department, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
- Institute of Life Sciences and Biomedicine, Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, 690922, Russia
- Agrarian and Technological Institute, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, 117198, Russia
| | - Wei Jia
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gerry Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Ji-Bin Liu
- Cancer Institute, The Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, 226361, China
| | - Wen-Lian Chen
- Cancer Institute, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Disease and Syndrome Biology of Inflammatory Cancer Transformation, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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8
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Lefevre C, Thibaut MM, Loumaye A, Thissen JP, Neyrinck AM, Navez B, Delzenne NM, Feron O, Bindels LB. Tumoral acidosis promotes adipose tissue depletion by fostering adipocyte lipolysis. Mol Metab 2024; 83:101930. [PMID: 38570069 PMCID: PMC11027574 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tumour progression drives profound alterations in host metabolism, such as adipose tissue depletion, an early event of cancer cachexia. As fatty acid consumption by cancer cells increases upon acidosis of the tumour microenvironment, we reasoned that fatty acids derived from distant adipose lipolysis may sustain tumour fatty acid craving, leading to the adipose tissue loss observed in cancer cachexia. METHODS To evaluate the pro-lipolytic capacities of acid-exposed cancer cells, primary mouse adipocytes from subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue were exposed to pH-matched conditioned medium from human and murine acid-exposed cancer cells (pH 6.5), compared to naive cancer cells (pH 7.4). To further address the role of tumoral acidosis on adipose tissue loss, a pH-low insertion peptide was injected into tumour-bearing mice, and tumoral acidosis was neutralised with a sodium bicarbonate buffer. Prolipolytic mediators were identified by transcriptomic approaches and validated on murine and human adipocytes. RESULTS Here, we reveal that acid-exposed cancer cells promote lipolysis from subcutaneous and visceral adipocytes and that dampening acidosis in vivo inhibits adipose tissue depletion. We further found a set of well-known prolipolytic factors enhanced upon acidosis adaptation and unravelled a role for β-glucuronidase (GUSB) as a promising new actor in adipocyte lipolysis. CONCLUSIONS Tumoral acidosis promotes the mobilization of fatty acids derived from adipocytes via the release of soluble factors by cancer cells. Our work paves the way for therapeutic approaches aimed at tackling cachexia by targeting the tumour acidic compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Lefevre
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Morgane M Thibaut
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Audrey Loumaye
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nutrition, IREC, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Paul Thissen
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nutrition, IREC, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Audrey M Neyrinck
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Benoit Navez
- Department of Abdominal Surgery and Transplantation, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nathalie M Delzenne
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olivier Feron
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium; Welbio Department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
| | - Laure B Bindels
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Welbio Department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium.
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9
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Iacobini C, Vitale M, Haxhi J, Menini S, Pugliese G. Impaired Remodeling of White Adipose Tissue in Obesity and Aging: From Defective Adipogenesis to Adipose Organ Dysfunction. Cells 2024; 13:763. [PMID: 38727299 PMCID: PMC11083890 DOI: 10.3390/cells13090763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The adipose organ adapts and responds to internal and environmental stimuli by remodeling both its cellular and extracellular components. Under conditions of energy surplus, the subcutaneous white adipose tissue (WAT) is capable of expanding through the enlargement of existing adipocytes (hypertrophy), followed by de novo adipogenesis (hyperplasia), which is impaired in hypertrophic obesity. However, an impaired hyperplastic response may result from various defects in adipogenesis, leading to different WAT features and metabolic consequences, as discussed here by reviewing the results of the studies in animal models with either overexpression or knockdown of the main molecular regulators of the two steps of the adipogenesis process. Moreover, impaired WAT remodeling with aging has been associated with various age-related conditions and reduced lifespan expectancy. Here, we delve into the latest advancements in comprehending the molecular and cellular processes underlying age-related changes in WAT function, their involvement in common aging pathologies, and their potential as therapeutic targets to influence both the health of elderly people and longevity. Overall, this review aims to encourage research on the mechanisms of WAT maladaptation common to conditions of both excessive and insufficient fat tissue. The goal is to devise adipocyte-targeted therapies that are effective against both obesity- and age-related disorders.
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10
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Wu Q, Liu Z, Li B, Liu YE, Wang P. Immunoregulation in cancer-associated cachexia. J Adv Res 2024; 58:45-62. [PMID: 37150253 PMCID: PMC10982873 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer-associated cachexia is a multi-organ disorder associated with progressive weight loss due to a variable combination of anorexia, systemic inflammation and excessive energy wasting. Considering the importance of immunoregulation in cachexia, it still lacks a complete understanding of the immunological mechanisms in cachectic progression. AIM OF REVIEW Our aim here is to describe the complex immunoregulatory system in cachexia. We summarize the effects and translational potential of the immune system on the development of cancer-associated cachexia and we attempt to conclude with thoughts on precise and integrated therapeutic strategies under the complex immunological context of cachexia. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW This review is focused on three main key concepts. First, we highlight the inflammatory factors and additional mediators that have been identified to modulate this syndrome. Second, we decipher the potential role of immune checkpoints in tissue wasting. Third, we discuss the multilayered insights in cachexia through the immunometabolic axis, immune-gut axis and immune-nerve axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wu
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University.
| | - Zhou Liu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Bei Li
- Department of Pathology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yu-E Liu
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University
| | - Ping Wang
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University.
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11
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Kim H, Lee DW, Hwang JK. Curcuma xanthorrhiza extract and xanthorrhizol ameliorate cancer-induced adipose wasting in CT26-bearing mice by regulating lipid metabolism and adipose tissue browning. Integr Med Res 2024; 13:101020. [PMID: 38298864 PMCID: PMC10826318 DOI: 10.1016/j.imr.2023.101020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer cachexia-characterized by anorexia, body weight loss, skeletal muscle atrophy, and fat loss-affects nearly 80% of cancer patients and accounts for 20% of cancer deaths. Curcuma xanthorrhiza, known as Java turmeric, and its active compound xanthorrhizol (XAN) exhibit anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. However, the ameliorative effects of C. xanthorrhiza extract (CXE) and XAN on cancer-associated adipose atrophy remain unexplored. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of CXE and XAN on cancer cachexia-induced adipose tissue wasting in CT26 tumor-bearing mice. Methods CT26 cells were injected subcutaneously into the right flank of BALB/c mice to establish a cancer cachexia model. To evaluate the inhibitory effects of CXE and XAN on cancer cachexia, 50 and 100 mg/kg CXE and 15 mg/kg XAN were administered orally every day for 1 week. Results CXE and XAN administration significantly attenuated the loss of body weight and epidydimal fat mass by cancer cachexia. In epididymal adipose tissues, administration of CXE or XAN inhibited white adipose tissue browning by repressing expression of the thermogenic genes. Simultaneously, CXE or XAN attenuated fat catabolism through the downregulation of lipolytic genes. The administration of CXE or XAN induced the expression of genes associated with adipogenesis and lipogenesis-related genes. Moreover, CXE or XAN treatment was associated with maintaining metabolic homeostasis; regulating the expression of adipokines and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Conclusions CXE and XAN mitigate cancer-induced adipose tissue atrophy, primarily by modulating lipid metabolism and WAT browning, indicating their therapeutic potential for cachectic cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haeun Kim
- Graduate School of Bioindustrial Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Woo Lee
- Graduate School of Bioindustrial Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Kwan Hwang
- Graduate School of Bioindustrial Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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12
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Radványi Á, Röszer T. Interleukin-6: An Under-Appreciated Inducer of Thermogenic Adipocyte Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2810. [PMID: 38474057 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue inflammation is a key factor leading to obesity-associated immune disorders, such as insulin resistance, beta cell loss in the pancreatic islets, meta-inflammation, and autoimmunity. Inhibiting adipose tissue inflammation is considered a straightforward approach to abrogate these diseases. However, recent findings show that certain pro-inflammatory cytokines are essential for the proper differentiation and functioning of adipocytes. Lipolysis is stimulated, and the thermogenic competence of adipocytes is unlocked by interleukin-6 (IL-6), a cytokine that was initially recognized as a key trigger of adipose tissue inflammation. Coherently, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), which is a signal transducer for IL-6, is necessary for thermogenic adipocyte development. Given the impact of thermogenic adipocytes in increasing energy expenditure and reducing body adiposity, functions of IL-6 in the adipose tissue have gained attention recently. In this review, we show that IL-6 signaling may protect from excess fat accumulation by stimulating thermogenesis in adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ádám Radványi
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Tamás Röszer
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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13
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Geppert J, Rohm M. Cancer cachexia: biomarkers and the influence of age. Mol Oncol 2024. [PMID: 38414161 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia (Ccx) is a complex metabolic condition characterized by pronounced muscle and fat wasting, systemic inflammation, weakness and fatigue. Up to 30% of cancer patients succumb directly to Ccx, yet therapies that effectively address this perturbed metabolic state are rare. In recent decades, several characteristics of Ccx have been established in mice and humans, of which we here highlight adipose tissue dysfunction, muscle wasting and systemic inflammation, as they are directly linked to biomarker discovery. To counteract cachexia pathogenesis as early as possible and mitigate its detrimental impact on anti-cancer treatments, identification and validation of clinically endorsed biomarkers assume paramount importance. Ageing was recently shown to affect both the validity of Ccx biomarkers and Ccx development, but the underlying mechanisms are still unknown. Thus, unravelling the intricate interplay between ageing and Ccx can help to counteract Ccx pathogenesis and tailor diagnostic and treatment strategies to individual needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Geppert
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Maria Rohm
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
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14
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Diba P, Sattler AL, Korzun T, Habecker BA, Marks DL. Unraveling the lost balance: Adrenergic dysfunction in cancer cachexia. Auton Neurosci 2024; 251:103136. [PMID: 38071925 PMCID: PMC10883135 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2023.103136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Cancer cachexia, characterized by muscle wasting and widespread inflammation, poses a significant challenge for patients with cancer, profoundly impacting both their quality of life and treatment management. However, existing treatment modalities remain very limited, accentuating the necessity for innovative therapeutic interventions. Many recent studies demonstrated that changes in autonomic balance is a key driver of cancer cachexia. This review consolidates research findings from investigations into autonomic dysfunction across cancer cachexia, spanning animal models and patient cohorts. Moreover, we explore therapeutic strategies involving adrenergic receptor modulation through receptor blockers and agonists. Mechanisms underlying adrenergic hyperactivity in cardiac and adipose tissues, influencing tissue remodeling, are also examined. Looking ahead, we present a perspective for future research that delves into autonomic dysregulation in cancer cachexia. This comprehensive review highlights the urgency of advancing research to unveil innovative avenues for combatting cancer cachexia and improving patient well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parham Diba
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Mail Code L481 Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Ariana L Sattler
- Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Mail Code L481 Portland, OR 97239, USA; Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 2720 S Moody Avenue, Portland, OR 97201, USA; Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Care, Oregon Health & Science University, 2730 S Moody Avenue, Portland, OR 97201, USA
| | - Tetiana Korzun
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Mail Code L481 Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Beth A Habecker
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA; Department of Medicine, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Daniel L Marks
- Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, SW Sam Jackson Park Rd, Mail Code L481 Portland, OR 97239, USA; Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 2720 S Moody Avenue, Portland, OR 97201, USA; Brenden-Colson Center for Pancreatic Care, Oregon Health & Science University, 2730 S Moody Avenue, Portland, OR 97201, USA.
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15
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Saha A, Kolonin MG, DiGiovanni J. Obesity and prostate cancer - microenvironmental roles of adipose tissue. Nat Rev Urol 2023; 20:579-596. [PMID: 37198266 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-023-00764-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is known to have important roles in driving prostate cancer aggressiveness and increased mortality. Multiple mechanisms have been postulated for these clinical observations, including effects of diet and lifestyle, systemic changes in energy balance and hormonal regulation and activation of signalling by growth factors and cytokines and other components of the immune system. Over the past decade, research on obesity has shifted towards investigating the role of peri-prostatic white adipose tissue as an important source of locally produced factors that stimulate prostate cancer progression. Cells that comprise white adipose tissue, the adipocytes and their progenitor adipose stromal cells (ASCs), which proliferate to accommodate white adipose tissue expansion in obesity, have been identified as important drivers of obesity-associated cancer progression. Accumulating evidence suggests that adipocytes are a source of lipids that are used by adjacent prostate cancer cells. However, results of preclinical studies indicate that ASCs promote tumour growth by remodelling extracellular matrix and supporting neovascularization, contributing to the recruitment of immunosuppressive cells, and inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition through paracrine signalling. Because epithelial-mesenchymal transition is associated with cancer chemotherapy resistance and metastasis, ASCs are considered to be potential targets of therapies that could be developed to suppress cancer aggressiveness in patients with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achinto Saha
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Dell Paediatric Research Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Center for Molecular Carcinogenesis and Toxicology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Livestrong Cancer Institutes, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Mikhail G Kolonin
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Disease, The University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
| | - John DiGiovanni
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Dell Paediatric Research Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
- Center for Molecular Carcinogenesis and Toxicology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
- Livestrong Cancer Institutes, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
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16
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Langer HT, Ramsamooj S, Dantas E, Murthy A, Ahmed M, Hwang SK, Grover R, Pozovskiy R, Liang RJ, Queiroz AL, Brown JC, White EP, Janowitz T, Goncalves AMD. Restoring adiponectin via rosiglitazone ameliorates tissue wasting in mice with lung cancer. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.31.551241. [PMID: 37577571 PMCID: PMC10418114 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.31.551241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
The cancer associated cachexia syndrome (CACS) is a systemic metabolic disorder resulting in loss of body weight due to skeletal muscle and adipose tissues atrophy. CACS is particularly prominent in lung cancer patients, where it contributes to poor quality of life and excess mortality. Using the Kras/Lkb1 (KL) mouse model, we found that CACS is associated with white adipose tissue (WAT) dysfunction that directly affects skeletal muscle homeostasis. WAT transcriptomes showed evidence of reduced adipogenesis, and, in agreement, we found low levels of circulating adiponectin. To preserve adipogenesis and restore adiponectin levels, we treated mice with the PPAR-γ agonist, rosiglitazone. Rosiglitazone treatment increased serum adiponectin levels, delayed weight loss, and preserved skeletal muscle and adipose tissue mass, as compared to vehicle-treated mice. The preservation of muscle mass with rosiglitazone was associated with increases in AMPK and AKT activity. Similarly, activation of the adiponectin receptors in muscle cells increased AMPK activity, anabolic signaling, and protein synthesis. Our data suggest that PPAR-γ agonists may be a useful adjuvant therapy to preserve tissue mass in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Tim Langer
- Division of Endocrinology, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shakti Ramsamooj
- Division of Endocrinology, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ezequiel Dantas
- Division of Endocrinology, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anirudh Murthy
- Division of Endocrinology, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mujmmail Ahmed
- Division of Endocrinology, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Seo-Kyoung Hwang
- Division of Endocrinology, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rahul Grover
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rita Pozovskiy
- Hunter College, City University of New York, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Roger J Liang
- Division of Endocrinology, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andre Lima Queiroz
- Division of Endocrinology, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Justin C Brown
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Eileen P White
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Tobias Janowitz
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - And Marcus D Goncalves
- Division of Endocrinology, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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17
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Ji H, Englmaier F, Morigny P, Giroud M, Gräsle P, Brings S, Szendrödi J, Berriel Diaz M, Plettenburg O, Herzig S, Rohm M. Development of a peptide drug restoring AMPK and adipose tissue functionality in cancer cachexia. Mol Ther 2023; 31:2408-2421. [PMID: 37408309 PMCID: PMC10422018 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is a severe systemic wasting disease that negatively affects quality of life and survival in patients with cancer. To date, treating cancer cachexia is still a major unmet clinical need. We recently discovered the destabilization of the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) complex in adipose tissue as a key event in cachexia-related adipose tissue dysfunction and developed an adeno-associated virus (AAV)-based approach to prevent AMPK degradation and prolong cachexia-free survival. Here, we show the development and optimization of a prototypic peptide, Pen-X-ACIP, where the AMPK-stabilizing peptide ACIP is fused to the cell-penetrating peptide moiety penetratin via a propargylic glycine linker to enable late-stage functionalization using click chemistry. Pen-X-ACIP was efficiently taken up by adipocytes, inhibited lipolysis, and restored AMPK signaling. Tissue uptake assays showed a favorable uptake profile into adipose tissue upon intraperitoneal injection. Systemic delivery of Pen-X-ACIP into tumor-bearing animals prevented the progression of cancer cachexia without affecting tumor growth and preserved body weight and adipose tissue mass with no discernable side effects in other peripheral organs, thereby achieving proof of concept. As Pen-X-ACIP also exerted its anti-lipolytic activity in human adipocytes, it now provides a promising platform for further (pre)clinical development toward a novel, first-in-class approach against cancer cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglei Ji
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Unit, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Felix Englmaier
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Molecular Targets and Therapeutics Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Organic Chemistry, Center of Biomolecular Research, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Pauline Morigny
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Unit, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Maude Giroud
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Unit, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Pamina Gräsle
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Unit, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Brings
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Unit, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julia Szendrödi
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Unit, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mauricio Berriel Diaz
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Unit, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Oliver Plettenburg
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Molecular Targets and Therapeutics Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Organic Chemistry, Center of Biomolecular Research, Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany; Laboratory of Nano- and Quantum Engineering (LNQE), Leibniz University Hannover, 30167 Hanover, Germany; Institute of Lung Health (ILH), 35392 Gießen, Germany.
| | - Stephan Herzig
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Unit, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Chair Molecular Metabolic Control, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany.
| | - Maria Rohm
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Diabetes Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Unit, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
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18
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Feng TY, Melchor SJ, Zhao XY, Ghumman H, Kester M, Fox TE, Ewald SE. Tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, sphingolipid, and phosphatidylcholine metabolism are dysregulated in T. gondii infection-induced cachexia. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17411. [PMID: 37456044 PMCID: PMC10344712 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cachexia is a life-threatening disease characterized by chronic, inflammatory muscle wasting and systemic metabolic impairment. Despite its high prevalence, there are no efficacious therapies for cachexia. Mice chronically infected with the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii represent a novel animal model recapitulating the chronic kinetics of cachexia. To understand how perturbations to metabolic tissue homeostasis influence circulating metabolite availability we used mass spectrometry analysis. Despite the significant reduction in circulating triacylglycerides, non-esterified fatty acids, and glycerol, sphingolipid long-chain bases and a subset of phosphatidylcholines (PCs) were significantly increased in the sera of mice with T. gondii infection-induced cachexia. In addition, the TCA cycle intermediates α-ketoglutarate, 2-hydroxyglutarate, succinate, fumarate, and malate were highly depleted in cachectic mouse sera. Sphingolipids and their de novo synthesis precursors PCs are the major components of the mitochondrial membrane and regulate mitochondrial function consistent with a causal relationship in the energy imbalance driving T. gondii-induced chronic cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Yu Feng
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology and The Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Stephanie J. Melchor
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology and The Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Xiao-Yu Zhao
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology and The Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Haider Ghumman
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology and The Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Mark Kester
- Department of Pharmacology at the University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Todd E. Fox
- Department of Pharmacology at the University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Sarah E. Ewald
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology and The Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
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19
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Han Y, Kim HI, Park J. The Role of Natural Products in the Improvement of Cancer-Associated Cachexia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108772. [PMID: 37240117 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The enormous library of natural products and herbal medicine prescriptions presents endless research avenues. However, the lack of research evidence and trials on cancer-induced cachexia limit the therapeutic potential of natural products. Cancer-induced cachexia is a systemic wasting syndrome characterized by continuous body weight loss with skeletal muscle and adipose tissue atrophy. Cancer cachexia is a problem in itself and reduces the quality of life by lessening the treatment efficacy of anticancer drugs. This review summarizes single natural product extracts for cancer-induced cachexia, not compounds derived from natural products and herbal medicine prescriptions. This article also discusses the effect of natural products on cachexia induced by anticancer drugs and the role of AMPK in cancer-induced cachexia. The article included the mice model used in each experiment to encourage researchers to utilize animal models for research on cancer-induced cachexia in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohan Han
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo In Kim
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jinbong Park
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
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20
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Ferrer M, Anthony TG, Ayres JS, Biffi G, Brown JC, Caan BJ, Cespedes Feliciano EM, Coll AP, Dunne RF, Goncalves MD, Grethlein J, Heymsfield SB, Hui S, Jamal-Hanjani M, Lam JM, Lewis DY, McCandlish D, Mustian KM, O'Rahilly S, Perrimon N, White EP, Janowitz T. Cachexia: A systemic consequence of progressive, unresolved disease. Cell 2023; 186:1824-1845. [PMID: 37116469 PMCID: PMC11059056 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Cachexia, a systemic wasting condition, is considered a late consequence of diseases, including cancer, organ failure, or infections, and contributes to significant morbidity and mortality. The induction process and mechanistic progression of cachexia are incompletely understood. Refocusing academic efforts away from advanced cachexia to the etiology of cachexia may enable discoveries of new therapeutic approaches. Here, we review drivers, mechanisms, organismal predispositions, evidence for multi-organ interaction, model systems, clinical research, trials, and care provision from early onset to late cachexia. Evidence is emerging that distinct inflammatory, metabolic, and neuro-modulatory drivers can initiate processes that ultimately converge on advanced cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Ferrer
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA; MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison Research Centre, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Tracy G Anthony
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Janelle S Ayres
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Giulia Biffi
- University of Cambridge, Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Justin C Brown
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Bette J Caan
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California Division of Research, Oakland, CA 94612, USA
| | | | - Anthony P Coll
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Richard F Dunne
- University of Rochester Medical Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Marcus D Goncalves
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | - Jonas Grethlein
- Ruprecht Karl University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg 69117, Germany
| | - Steven B Heymsfield
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Sheng Hui
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mariam Jamal-Hanjani
- Department of Medical Oncology, University College London Hospitals, London WC1E 6DD, UK; Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence and Cancer Metastasis Laboratory, University College London Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Jie Min Lam
- Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence and Cancer Metastasis Laboratory, University College London Cancer Institute, London WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - David Y Lewis
- The Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Cancer Research UK, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - David McCandlish
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Karen M Mustian
- University of Rochester Medical Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Stephen O'Rahilly
- Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Norbert Perrimon
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Eileen P White
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; Ludwig Princeton Branch, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Tobias Janowitz
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA; Northwell Health Cancer Institute, Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, NY 11042, USA.
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21
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Wang X, Li J, Zhang W, Wang F, Wu Y, Guo Y, Wang D, Yu X, Li A, Li F, Xie Y. IGFBP-3 promotes cachexia-associated lipid loss by suppressing insulin-like growth factor/insulin signaling. Chin Med J (Engl) 2023; 136:974-985. [PMID: 37014770 PMCID: PMC10278738 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Progressive lipid loss of adipose tissue is a major feature of cancer-associated cachexia. In addition to systemic immune/inflammatory effects in response to tumor progression, tumor-secreted cachectic ligands also play essential roles in tumor-induced lipid loss. However, the mechanisms of tumor-adipose tissue interaction in lipid homeostasis are not fully understood. METHODS The yki -gut tumors were induced in fruit flies. Lipid metabolic assays were performed to investigate the lipolysis level of different types of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) treated cells. Immunoblotting was used to display phenotypes of tumor cells and adipocytes. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis was carried out to examine the gene expression levels such as Acc1 , Acly , and Fasn et al . RESULTS In this study, it was revealed that tumor-derived IGFBP-3 was an important ligand directly causing lipid loss in matured adipocytes. IGFBP-3, which is highly expressed in cachectic tumor cells, antagonized insulin/IGF-like signaling (IIS) and impaired the balance between lipolysis and lipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Conditioned medium from cachectic tumor cells, such as Capan-1 and C26 cells, contained excessive IGFBP-3 that potently induced lipolysis in adipocytes. Notably, neutralization of IGFBP-3 by neutralizing antibody in the conditioned medium of cachectic tumor cells significantly alleviated the lipolytic effect and restored lipid storage in adipocytes. Furthermore, cachectic tumor cells were resistant to IGFBP-3 inhibition of IIS, ensuring their escape from IGFBP-3-associated growth suppression. Finally, cachectic tumor-derived ImpL2, the IGFBP-3 homolog, also impaired lipid homeostasis of host cells in an established cancer-cachexia model in Drosophila . Most importantly, IGFBP-3 was highly expressed in cancer tissues in pancreatic and colorectal cancer patients, especially higher in the sera of cachectic cancer patients than non-cachexia cancer patients. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that tumor-derived IGFBP-3 plays a critical role in cachexia-associated lipid loss and could be a biomarker for diagnosis of cachexia in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 102218, China
| | - Yunzi Wu
- Department of Pancreatic and Gastric Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Yulin Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xinfeng Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Ang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of General Surgery, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yibin Xie
- Department of Pancreatic and Gastric Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
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22
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Kim Y, Jung S, Park G, Shin H, Heo SC, Kim Y. β-Carotene suppresses cancer cachexia by regulating the adipose tissue metabolism and gut microbiota dysregulation. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 114:109248. [PMID: 36503110 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is a metabolic disease affecting multiple organs and characterized by loss adipose and muscle tissues. Metabolic dysregulated of adipose tissue has a crucial role in cancer cachexia. β-Carotene (BC) is stored in adipose tissues and increases muscle mass and differentiation. However, its regulatory effects on adipose tissues in cancer cachexia have not been investigated yet. In this study, we found that BC supplementations could inhibit several cancer cachexia-related changes, including decreased carcass-tumor (carcass weight after tumor removal), adipose weights, and muscle weights in CT26-induced cancer cachexia mice. Moreover, BC supplementations suppressed cancer cachexia-induced lipolysis, fat browning, hepatic gluconeogenesis, and systemic inflammation. Altered diversity and composition of gut microbiota in cancer cachexia were restored by the BC supplementations. BC treatments could reverse the down-regulated adipogenesis and dysregulated mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis in adipocytes and colon cancer organoid co-culture systems. Taken together, these results suggest that BC can be a potential therapeutic strategy for cancer cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yerin Kim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunil Jung
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, and Carbohydrate Bioproduct Research Center, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwoncheol Park
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, and Carbohydrate Bioproduct Research Center, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hakdong Shin
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, and Carbohydrate Bioproduct Research Center, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Chul Heo
- Department of Surgery, Seoul National University-Seoul Metropolitan Government (SNU-SMG) Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuri Kim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Graduate Program in System Health Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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23
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Unveiling the Role of the Proton Gateway, Uncoupling Proteins (UCPs), in Cancer Cachexia. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15051407. [PMID: 36900198 PMCID: PMC10000250 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Uncoupling proteins (UCPs) are identified as carriers of proton ions between the mitochondrial inner membrane and the mitochondrial matrix. ATP is mainly generated through oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria. The proton gradient is generated across the inner mitochondrial membrane and the mitochondrial matrix, which facilitates a smooth transfer of electrons across ETC complexes. Until now, it was thought that the role of UCPs was to break the electron transport chain and thereby inhibit the synthesis of ATP. UCPs allow protons to pass from the inner mitochondrial membrane to the mitochondrial matrix and decrease the proton gradient across the membrane, which results in decreased ATP synthesis and increased production of heat by mitochondria. In recent years, the role of UCPs in other physiological processes has been deciphered. In this review, we first highlighted the different types of UCPs and their precise location across the body. Second, we summarized the role of UCPs in different diseases, mainly metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes, cardiovascular complications, cancer, wasting syndrome, neurodegenerative diseases, and kidney complications. Based on our findings, we conclude that UCPs play a major role in maintaining energy homeostasis, mitochondrial functions, ROS production, and apoptosis. Finally, our findings reveal that mitochondrial uncoupling by UCPs may treat many diseases, and extensive clinical studies are required to meet the unmet need of certain diseases.
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24
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Eljalby M, Huang X, Becher T, Wibmer AG, Jiang CS, Vaughan R, Schöder H, Cohen P. Brown adipose tissue is not associated with cachexia or increased mortality in a retrospective study of patients with cancer. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2023; 324:E144-E153. [PMID: 36576355 PMCID: PMC9902220 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00187.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Although brown fat is strongly associated with a constellation of cardiometabolic benefits in animal models and humans, it has also been tied to cancer cachexia. In humans, cancer-associated cachexia increases mortality, raising the possibility that brown fat in this context may be associated with increased cancer death. However, the effect of brown fat on cancer-associated cachexia and survival in humans remains unclear. Here, we retrospectively identify patients with and without brown fat on fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron-emission tomography (PET) scans obtained as part of routine cancer care and assemble a cohort to address these questions. We did not find an association between brown fat status and cachexia. Furthermore, we did not observe an association between brown fat and increased mortality in patients with cachexia. Our analyses controlled for confounding factors including age at cancer diagnosis, sex, body mass index, cancer site, cancer stage, outdoor temperature, comorbid conditions (heart failure, type 2 diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, hypertension, dyslipidemia, cerebrovascular disease), and β-blocker use. Taken together, our results suggest that brown fat is not linked to cancer-associated cachexia and does not worsen overall survival in patients with cachexia.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study finds that brown fat is not linked to cancer-associated cachexia. Moreover, this work shows that brown fat does not worsen overall survival in patients with cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Eljalby
- Laboratory of Molecular Metabolism, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
- Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Xiaojing Huang
- Laboratory of Molecular Metabolism, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Tobias Becher
- Laboratory of Molecular Metabolism, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Heidelberg/Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
- First Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), University Medical Center Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Andreas G Wibmer
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, New York
| | - Caroline S Jiang
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, The Rockefeller University, New York City, New York
| | - Roger Vaughan
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, The Rockefeller University, New York City, New York
- Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York City, New York
| | - Heiko Schöder
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, New York
| | - Paul Cohen
- Laboratory of Molecular Metabolism, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York
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25
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Pototschnig I, Feiler U, Diwoky C, Vesely PW, Rauchenwald T, Paar M, Bakiri L, Pajed L, Hofer P, Kashofer K, Sukhbaatar N, Schoiswohl G, Weichhart T, Hoefler G, Bock C, Pichler M, Wagner EF, Zechner R, Schweiger M. Interleukin-6 initiates muscle- and adipose tissue wasting in a novel C57BL/6 model of cancer-associated cachexia. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2023; 14:93-107. [PMID: 36351437 PMCID: PMC9891934 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer-associated cachexia (CAC) is a wasting syndrome drastically reducing efficacy of chemotherapy and life expectancy of patients. CAC affects up to 80% of cancer patients, yet the mechanisms underlying the disease are not well understood and no approved disease-specific medication exists. As a multiorgan disorder, CAC can only be studied on an organismal level. To cover the diverse aetiologies of CAC, researchers rely on the availability of a multifaceted pool of cancer models with varying degrees of cachexia symptoms. So far, no tumour model syngeneic to C57BL/6 mice exists that allows direct comparison between cachexigenic- and non-cachexigenic tumours. METHODS MCA207 and CHX207 fibrosarcoma cells were intramuscularly implanted into male or female, 10-11-week-old C57BL/6J mice. Tumour tissues were subjected to magnetic resonance imaging, immunohistochemical-, and transcriptomic analysis. Mice were analysed for tumour growth, body weight and -composition, food- and water intake, locomotor activity, O2 consumption, CO2 production, circulating blood cells, metabolites, and tumourkines. Mice were sacrificed with same tumour weights in all groups. Adipose tissues were examined using high-resolution respirometry, lipolysis measurements in vitro and ex vivo, and radioactive tracer studies in vivo. Gene expression was determined in adipose- and muscle tissues by quantitative PCR and Western blotting analyses. Muscles and cultured myotubes were analysed histologically and by immunofluorescence microscopy for myofibre cross sectional area and myofibre diameter, respectively. Interleukin-6 (Il-6) was deleted from cancer cells using CRISPR/Cas9 mediated gene editing. RESULTS CHX207, but not MCA207-tumour-bearing mice exhibited major clinical features of CAC, including systemic inflammation, increased plasma IL-6 concentrations (190 pg/mL, P ≤ 0.0001), increased energy expenditure (+28%, P ≤ 0.01), adipose tissue loss (-47%, P ≤ 0.0001), skeletal muscle wasting (-18%, P ≤ 0.001), and body weight reduction (-13%, P ≤ 0.01) 13 days after cancer cell inoculation. Adipose tissue loss resulted from reduced lipid uptake and -synthesis combined with increased lipolysis but was not associated with elevated beta-adrenergic signalling or adipose tissue browning. Muscle atrophy was evident by reduced myofibre cross sectional area (-21.8%, P ≤ 0.001), increased catabolic- and reduced anabolic signalling. Deletion of IL-6 from CHX207 cancer cells completely protected CHX207IL6KO -tumour-bearing mice from CAC. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we present CHX207 fibrosarcoma cells as a novel tool to investigate the mediators and metabolic consequences of CAC in C57BL/6 mice in comparison to non-cachectic MCA207-tumour-bearing mice. IL-6 represents an essential trigger for CAC development in CHX207-tumour-bearing mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ursula Feiler
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Clemens Diwoky
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Paul W Vesely
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Margret Paar
- Division of Physiological Chemistry, Otto-Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Latifa Bakiri
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Laura Pajed
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Hofer
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Karl Kashofer
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Gabriele Schoiswohl
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Weichhart
- Institute of Medical Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerald Hoefler
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Christoph Bock
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Pichler
- Division of Oncology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Erwin F Wagner
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rudolf Zechner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria.,Field of Excellence BioHealth - University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Martina Schweiger
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria.,Field of Excellence BioHealth - University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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26
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Dong K, Wei G, Sun H, Gu D, Liu J, Wang L. Metabolic crosstalk between thermogenic adipocyte and cancer cell: Dysfunction and therapeutics. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2023; 68:102322. [PMID: 36502545 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2022.102322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
As one of the largest endocrine organs with a wide distribution in organisms, adipose tissue secretes multiple adipokines, cytokines, metabolites, and exosomes to promote tumour development. Elaborating the crosstalk between cancer cells and adipocytes provides a tissue-level perspective of cancer progression, which reflects the heterogeneity and complexity of human tumours. Three main types of adipose tissues, white, brown, and beige adipose tissue, have been described. Thermogenic capacity is a prominent characteristic of brown and beige adipocytes. Most studies so far mainly focus on the contribution of white adipocytes to the tumour microenvironment. However, the role of thermogenic adipose tissue in malignant cancer behaviour has been largely overlooked. Recently, emerging evidence suggests that beige/brown adipocytes play a key role in the development and progression of various cancers. This review focuses on the bidirectional communication between tumour cells and thermogenic adipocytes and the therapeutic strategies to disrupt this interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Dong
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Gang Wei
- Beijing Diabetes Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diabetes Research and Care, Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Honglin Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100020, China
| | - Di Gu
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Junli Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Linhui Wang
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China.
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27
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Fang R, Yan L, Liao Z. Abnormal lipid metabolism in cancer-associated cachexia and potential therapy strategy. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1123567. [PMID: 37205195 PMCID: PMC10185845 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1123567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated cachexia (CAC) is a major characteristic of advanced cancer, associates with almost all types of cancer. Recent studies have found that lipopenia is an important feature of CAC, and it even occurs earlier than sarcopenia. Different types of adipose tissue are all important in the process of CAC. In CAC patients, the catabolism of white adipose tissue (WAT) is increased, leading to an increase in circulating free fatty acids (FFAs), resulting in " lipotoxic". At the same time, WAT also is induced by a variety of mechanisms, browning into brown adipose tissue (BAT). BAT is activated in CAC and greatly increases energy expenditure in patients. In addition, the production of lipid is reduced in CAC, and the cross-talk between adipose tissue and other systems, such as muscle tissue and immune system, also aggravates the progression of CAC. The treatment of CAC is still a vital clinical problem, and the abnormal lipid metabolism in CAC provides a new way for the treatment of CAC. In this article, we will review the mechanism of metabolic abnormalities of adipose tissue in CAC and its role in treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoxin Fang
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ling Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Metabolic and Chronic Diseases, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- *Correspondence: Zhengkai Liao, ; Ling Yan,
| | - Zhengkai Liao
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- *Correspondence: Zhengkai Liao, ; Ling Yan,
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Wang R, Wei L, Wazir J, Li L, Song S, Lin K, Pu W, Zhao C, Su Z, Zhao Q, Wang H. Curcumin treatment suppresses cachexia-associated adipose wasting in mice by blocking the cAMP/PKA/CREB signaling pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 109:154563. [PMID: 36610148 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cachexia is a multifactorial debilitating syndrome that is responsible for 22% of mortality among cancer patients, and there are no effective therapeutic agents available. Curcumin, a polyphenolic compound derived from the plant turmeric, has been shown to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-autophagic, and antitumor activities. However, its function in cancer cachexia remains largely unexplored. PURPOSE This study aimed to elucidate the mechanisms by which curcumin improves adipose atrophy in cancer cachexia. METHODS C26 tumor-bearing BALB/c mice and β3-adrenoceptor agonist CL316243 stimulated BALB/c mice were used to observe the therapeutic effects of curcumin on the lipid degradation of cancer cachexia in vivo. The effects of curcumin in vitro were examined using mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes treated with a conditioned medium of C26 tumor cells or CL316243. RESULTS Mice with C26 tumors and cachexia were protected from weight loss and adipose atrophy by curcumin (50 mg/kg, i.g.). Curcumin significantly reduced serum levels of free fatty acids and increased triglyceride levels. In addition, curcumin significantly inhibited PKA and CREB activation in the adipose tissue of cancer cachectic mice. Curcumin also ameliorated CL316243-induced adipose atrophy and inhibited hormone-mediated PKA and CREB activation in mice. Moreover, the lipid droplet degradation induced by C26 tumor cell conditioned medium in mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes was ameliorated by curcumin (20 µM) treatment. Curcumin also improved the lipid droplet degradation of mature 3T3-L1 adipocytes induced by CL316243. CONCLUSION Curcumin might be expected to be a therapeutic supplement for cancer cachexia patients, primarily through inhibiting adipose tissue loss via the cAMP/PKA/CREB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranran Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lulu Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Junaid Wazir
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shiyu Song
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kai Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenyuan Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhonglan Su
- Department of Dermatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Quan Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Hongwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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Growth Hormone Improves Adipose Tissue Browning and Muscle Wasting in Mice with Chronic Kidney Disease-Associated Cachexia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315310. [PMID: 36499637 PMCID: PMC9740214 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cachexia associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been linked to GH resistance. In CKD, GH treatment enhances muscular performance. We investigated the impact of GH on cachexia brought on by CKD. CKD was induced by 5/6 nephrectomy in c57BL/6J mice. After receiving GH (10 mg/kg/day) or saline treatment for six weeks, CKD mice were compared to sham-operated controls. GH normalized metabolic rate, increased food intake and weight growth, and improved in vivo muscular function (rotarod and grip strength) in CKD mice. GH decreased uncoupling proteins (UCP)s and increased muscle and adipose tissue ATP content in CKD mice. GH decreased lipolysis of adipose tissue by attenuating expression and protein content of adipose triglyceride lipase and protein content of phosphorylated hormone-sensitive lipase in CKD mice. GH reversed the increased expression of beige adipocyte markers (UCP-1, CD137, Tmem26, Tbx1, Prdm16, Pgc1α, and Cidea) and molecules implicated in adipose tissue browning (Cox2/Pgf2α, Tlr2, Myd88, and Traf6) in CKD mice. Additionally, GH normalized the molecular markers of processes connected to muscle wasting in CKD, such as myogenesis and muscle regeneration. By using RNAseq, we previously determined the top 12 skeletal muscle genes differentially expressed between mice with CKD and control animals. These 12 genes' aberrant expression has been linked to increased muscle thermogenesis, fibrosis, and poor muscle and neuron regeneration. In this study, we demonstrated that GH restored 7 of the top 12 differentially elevated muscle genes in CKD mice. In conclusion, GH might be an effective treatment for muscular atrophy and browning of adipose tissue in CKD-related cachexia.
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Abstract
White adipose tissue wasting plays a critical role in the development and progression of cancer cachexia. However, the mechanism behind the loss of adipose tissue remains ill-defined. In this study, we found that cancer cell-derived exosomes highly expressed miR-425-3p. Administration of cancer cell-derived exosomes significantly inhibited proliferation and differentiation of human preadipocytes-viscereal (HPA-v) cells. In mature adipocytes, cancer cell-derived exosomes activated cAMP/PKA signalling and lipophagy, leading to adipocyte lipolysis and browning of white adipocytes. These exosomes-induced alterations were almost abolished by endocytosis inhibitor cytochalasin D (CytoD) and antagomiR-425-3p, or reproduced by miR-425-3p mimics. In addition, bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assay revealed that miR-425-3p directly targeted proliferation-related genes such as GATA2, IGFBP4, MMP15, differentiation-related gene CEBPA, and phosphodiesterase 4B gene (PDE4B). Depletion of PDE4B enhanced cAMP/PKA signalling and lipophagy, but had no effects on HPA-v proliferation and differentiation. Taken together, these results suggested that cancer cell-derived exosomal miR-425-3p inhibited preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation, increased adipocyte lipolysis, and promoted browning of white adipocytes, all of which might contribute to adipocyte atrophy and ultimately the loss of adipose tissue in cancer cachexia. Abbreviations: ADPN: adiponectin; aP2: adipocyte protein 2 or fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4); BCA: bicinchoninic acid assay; BFA: bafilomycin A1; BMI: body mass index; C/EBP: CCAAT/enhancer binding protein; CEBPA: CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-alpha; C-Exo: cancer cell-derived exosomes; CNTL: control; CREB: cAMP-response element binding protein; CytoD: cytochalasin D; ECL: chemiluminescence; GATA2: GATA Binding Protein 2; HFD: high fat diet; HSL: hormone-sensitive lipase; IGFBP4: insulin like growth factor binding protein 4; IRS-1: insulin receptor substrate-1; ISO: isoproterenol hydrochloride; KD: knockdown; KO: knock out; LC3: microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3; LMF: lipid mobilizing factor; LPL: lipoprotein lipase; MMP15: matrix metallopeptidase 15; Mir-Inh-C-Exo: cancer cell-derived exosomes with miR-425-3p inhibition; mTOR: mammalian target of rapamycin; Mut: mutant; N-Exo: normal cell-derived exosomes; NSCLC: non-small cell lung cancer; PBS, phosphate buffered saline; PGC-1: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1; PDEs: phosphodiesterases; PKI: PKA inhibitor; PKA: cAMP-dependent protein kinase; PLIN1: Perilipin 1; PTHRP: parathyroid hormone-related protein; PVDF: polyvinylidene difluoride; shRNA: short hairpin RNA; UCP1: uncoupling protein 1; WT: wild type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwen Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenxia Pan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shutong Zhuang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuanzhi Tang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Haitao Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Zhang X, Young C, Morishita Y, Kim K, Kabil OO, Clarke OB, Di Jeso B, Arvan P. Defective Thyroglobulin: Cell Biology of Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13605. [PMID: 36362390 PMCID: PMC9657758 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary functional units of the thyroid gland are follicles of various sizes comprised of a monolayer of epithelial cells (thyrocytes) surrounding an apical extracellular cavity known as the follicle lumen. In the normal thyroid gland, the follicle lumen is filled with secreted protein (referred to as colloid), comprised nearly exclusively of thyroglobulin with a half-life ranging from days to weeks. At the cellular boundary of the follicle lumen, secreted thyroglobulin becomes iodinated, resulting from the coordinated activities of enzymes localized to the thyrocyte apical plasma membrane. Thyroglobulin appearance in evolution is essentially synchronous with the appearance of the follicular architecture of the vertebrate thyroid gland. Thyroglobulin is the most highly expressed thyroid gene and represents the most abundantly expressed thyroid protein. Wildtype thyroglobulin protein is a large and complex glycoprotein that folds in the endoplasmic reticulum, leading to homodimerization and export via the classical secretory pathway to the follicle lumen. However, of the hundreds of human thyroglobulin genetic variants, most exhibit increased susceptibility to misfolding with defective export from the endoplasmic reticulum, triggering hypothyroidism as well as thyroidal endoplasmic reticulum stress. The human disease of hypothyroidism with defective thyroglobulin (either homozygous, or compound heterozygous) can be experimentally modeled in thyrocyte cell culture, or in whole animals, such as mice that are readily amenable to genetic manipulation. From a combination of approaches, it can be demonstrated that in the setting of thyroglobulin misfolding, thyrocytes under chronic continuous ER stress exhibit increased susceptibility to cell death, with interesting cell biological and pathophysiological consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Zhang
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Crystal Young
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Yoshiaki Morishita
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Internal Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute 480-1195, Japan
| | - Kookjoo Kim
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Omer O. Kabil
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lindenwood University, Saint Charles, MO 63301, USA
| | - Oliver B. Clarke
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Bruno Di Jeso
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Peter Arvan
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
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Obesity and cancer-extracellular matrix, angiogenesis, and adrenergic signaling as unusual suspects linking the two diseases. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2022; 41:517-547. [PMID: 36074318 PMCID: PMC9470659 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-022-10058-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is an established risk factor for several human cancers. Given the association between excess body weight and cancer, the increasing rates of obesity worldwide are worrisome. A variety of obesity-related factors has been implicated in cancer initiation, progression, and response to therapy. These factors include circulating nutritional factors, hormones, and cytokines, causing hyperinsulinemia, inflammation, and adipose tissue dysfunction. The impact of these conditions on cancer development and progression has been the focus of extensive literature. In this review, we concentrate on processes that can link obesity and cancer, and which provide a novel perspective: extracellular matrix remodeling, angiogenesis, and adrenergic signaling. We describe molecular mechanisms involved in these processes, which represent putative targets for intervention. Liver, pancreas, and breast cancers were chosen as exemplary disease models. In view of the expanding epidemic of obesity, a better understanding of the tumorigenic process in obese individuals might lead to more effective treatments and preventive measures.
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Saha A, Hamilton-Reeves J, DiGiovanni J. White adipose tissue-derived factors and prostate cancer progression: mechanisms and targets for interventions. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2022; 41:649-671. [PMID: 35927363 PMCID: PMC9474694 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-022-10056-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Obesity represents an important risk factor for prostate cancer, driving more aggressive disease, chemoresistance, and increased mortality. White adipose tissue (WAT) overgrowth in obesity is central to the mechanisms that lead to these clinical observations. Adipose stromal cells (ASCs), the progenitors to mature adipocytes and other cell types in WAT, play a vital role in driving PCa aggressiveness. ASCs produce numerous factors, especially chemokines, including the chemokine CXCL12, which is involved in driving EMT and chemoresistance in PCa. A greater understanding of the impact of WAT in obesity-induced progression of PCa and the underlying mechanisms has begun to provide opportunities for developing interventional strategies for preventing or offsetting these critical events. These include weight loss regimens, therapeutic targeting of ASCs, use of calorie restriction mimetic compounds, and combinations of compounds as well as specific receptor targeting strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achinto Saha
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78723, USA
- Center for Molecular Carcinogenesis and Toxicology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78723, USA
- Livestrong Cancer Institutes, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78723, USA
| | - Jill Hamilton-Reeves
- Departments of Urology and Dietetics & Nutrition, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - John DiGiovanni
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78723, USA.
- Center for Molecular Carcinogenesis and Toxicology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78723, USA.
- Livestrong Cancer Institutes, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78723, USA.
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, 1400 Barbara Jordan Blvd, Austin, TX, 78723, USA.
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Queiroz AL, Dantas E, Ramsamooj S, Murthy A, Ahmed M, Zunica ERM, Liang RJ, Murphy J, Holman CD, Bare CJ, Ghahramani G, Wu Z, Cohen DE, Kirwan JP, Cantley LC, Axelrod CL, Goncalves MD. Blocking ActRIIB and restoring appetite reverses cachexia and improves survival in mice with lung cancer. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4633. [PMID: 35941104 PMCID: PMC9360437 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32135-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is a common, debilitating condition with limited therapeutic options. Using an established mouse model of lung cancer, we find that cachexia is characterized by reduced food intake, spontaneous activity, and energy expenditure accompanied by muscle metabolic dysfunction and atrophy. We identify Activin A as a purported driver of cachexia and treat with ActRIIB-Fc, a decoy ligand for TGF-β/activin family members, together with anamorelin (Ana), a ghrelin receptor agonist, to reverse muscle dysfunction and anorexia, respectively. Ana effectively increases food intake but only the combination of drugs increases lean mass, restores spontaneous activity, and improves overall survival. These beneficial effects are limited to female mice and are dependent on ovarian function. In agreement, high expression of Activin A in human lung adenocarcinoma correlates with unfavorable prognosis only in female patients, despite similar expression levels in both sexes. This study suggests that multimodal, sex-specific, therapies are needed to reverse cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Lima Queiroz
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Ezequiel Dantas
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Shakti Ramsamooj
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Anirudh Murthy
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Mujmmail Ahmed
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | | | - Roger J Liang
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Jessica Murphy
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Corey D Holman
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Curtis J Bare
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Gregory Ghahramani
- Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Zhidan Wu
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Global R&D, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - David E Cohen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - John P Kirwan
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Lewis C Cantley
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | | | - Marcus D Goncalves
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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Zhao Y, Dai J, Jiang Y, Wu H, Cui Y, Li X, Mao H, Wang B, Ju S, Peng XG. Reducing White Adipose Tissue Browning Using p38α MAPK Inhibitors Ameliorates Cancer-Associated Cachexia as Assessed by Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14153013. [PMID: 35893867 PMCID: PMC9331061 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Up to 80% of pancreatic cancer patients suffer from cachexia. White adipose tissue (WAT) browning caused by the tumorigenicity and progression aggravates the cancer-associated cachexia (CAC). Cancer-initiated changes in the protein-38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38 MAPK) pathway are likely involved in the development of CAC. Methods: p38 MAPK inhibitors, VCP979 or SB203580, were used in the in vitro and in vivo models of pancreatic cancer cachexia. Expression of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in the p38 MARK pathway and the properties and level of white adipocytes were analyzed and correlated to browning, followed by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting validations. Changes in the volume and fat fraction of WAT in animals were monitored by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Results: The size of white adipocytes was increased after being treated with the p38 MAPK inhibitors, along with increase in the MRI-measured volume and fat fraction of WAT. Comparing two p38 MAPK inhibitors, the p38α subunit-specific inhibitor VCP979 had a better therapeutic effect than SB203580, which targets both p38α and β subunits. Conclusions: Blockade of p38 MAPK reduced the WAT browning that contributes to CAC. Thus, p38 MARK inhibitors can potentially be used as a therapy for treating CAC. Non-invasive MRI can also be applied to assess the progression and treatment responses of CAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (Y.Z.); (J.D.); (Y.J.); (H.W.); (Y.C.); (X.L.); (S.J.)
| | - Jingyue Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (Y.Z.); (J.D.); (Y.J.); (H.W.); (Y.C.); (X.L.); (S.J.)
| | - Yang Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (Y.Z.); (J.D.); (Y.J.); (H.W.); (Y.C.); (X.L.); (S.J.)
| | - Honghong Wu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (Y.Z.); (J.D.); (Y.J.); (H.W.); (Y.C.); (X.L.); (S.J.)
| | - Ying Cui
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (Y.Z.); (J.D.); (Y.J.); (H.W.); (Y.C.); (X.L.); (S.J.)
| | - Xinxiang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (Y.Z.); (J.D.); (Y.J.); (H.W.); (Y.C.); (X.L.); (S.J.)
| | - Hui Mao
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA;
| | - Binghui Wang
- Monash Centre of Cardiovascular Research and Education in Therapeutics, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia;
| | - Shenghong Ju
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (Y.Z.); (J.D.); (Y.J.); (H.W.); (Y.C.); (X.L.); (S.J.)
| | - Xin-Gui Peng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China; (Y.Z.); (J.D.); (Y.J.); (H.W.); (Y.C.); (X.L.); (S.J.)
- People’s Hospital of Lishui District, 86 Chongwen Road, Yongyang Town, Lishui District, Nanjing 211299, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-025-83272115
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Daquinag AC, Gao Z, Yu Y, Kolonin MG. Endothelial TrkA coordinates vascularization and innervation in thermogenic adipose tissue and can be targeted to control metabolism. Mol Metab 2022; 63:101544. [PMID: 35835372 PMCID: PMC9310128 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Brown adipogenesis and thermogenesis in brown and beige adipose tissue (AT) involve vascular remodeling and sympathetic neuronal guidance. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanism coordinating these processes. METHODS We used mouse models to identify the molecular target of a peptide CPATAERPC homing to the endothelium of brown and beige AT. RESULTS We demonstrate that CPATAERPC mimics nerve growth factor (NGF) and identify a low molecular weight isoform of NGF receptor, TrkA, as the CPATAERPC cell surface target. We show that the expression of truncated endothelial TrkA is selective for brown and subcutaneous AT. Analysis of mice with endothelium-specific TrkA knockout revealed the role of TrkA in neuro-vascular coordination supporting the thermogenic function of brown adipocytes. A hunter-killer peptide D-BAT, composed of CPATAERPC and a pro-apoptotic domain, induced cell death in the endothelium and adipocytes. This resulted in thermogenesis impairment, and predisposed mice to obesity and glucose intolerance. We also tested if this treatment can inhibit the tumor recruitment of lipids mobilized from adipocytes from adjacent AT. Indeed, in a mouse model of breast cancer D-BAT suppressed tumor-associated AT lipolysis, which resulted in reduced fatty acid utilization by cancer cells. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that TrkA signaling in the endothelium supports neuro-vascular coordination enabling beige adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexes C Daquinag
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhanguo Gao
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yongmei Yu
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mikhail G Kolonin
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Kershaw JC, Elzey BD, Guo XX, Kim KH. Piceatannol, a Dietary Polyphenol, Alleviates Adipose Tissue Loss in Pre-Clinical Model of Cancer-Associated Cachexia via Lipolysis Inhibition. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14112306. [PMID: 35684106 PMCID: PMC9183120 DOI: 10.3390/nu14112306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated cachexia (CAC) is the nutrition-independent loss of lean muscle and adipose tissues, and results in reduced chemotherapy effectiveness and increased mortality. Preventing adipose loss is considered a key target in the early stages of cachexia. Lipolysis is considered the central driver of adipose loss in CAC. We recently found that piceatannol, but not its analogue resveratrol, exhibits an inhibitory effect on lipolysis. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of piceatannol in cancer-associated lipolysis and cachexia-induced weight loss. Cancer cell-induced lipolysis in adipocytes was stimulated using cancer-conditioned media (CCM) or co-culture with human pancreatic cancer cells and the cachexia-associated cytokines TNF-α and interleukin-6 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. C26 colon carcinoma-bearing mice were modeled using CAC in vivo. Piceatannol reduced cancer-associated lipolysis by at least 50% in both CCM and cytokine-induced lipolysis in vitro. Further gene and protein analysis confirmed that piceatannol modulated the stability of lipolytic proteins. Moreover, piceatannol protected tumor-bearing mice against weight-loss in early stages of CAC largely through preserving adipose tissue, with no effect on survival. This study demonstrates the use of a dietary compound to preserve adipose in models of early stage CAC and provides groundwork for further investigation of piceatannol or piceatannol-rich foods as alternative medicine in the preservation of body fat mass and future CAC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan C. Kershaw
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;
- Department of Public and Allied Health, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA
| | - Bennett D. Elzey
- Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;
| | - Xiao-Xuan Guo
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;
| | - Kee-Hong Kim
- Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;
- Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-765-496-2330
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Weber BZC, Arabaci DH, Kir S. Metabolic Reprogramming in Adipose Tissue During Cancer Cachexia. Front Oncol 2022; 12:848394. [PMID: 35646636 PMCID: PMC9135324 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.848394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia is a disorder of energy balance characterized by the wasting of adipose tissue and skeletal muscle resulting in severe weight loss with profound influence on morbidity and mortality. Treatment options for cancer cachexia are still limited. This multifactorial syndrome is associated with changes in several metabolic pathways in adipose tissue which is affected early in the course of cachexia. Adipose depots are involved in energy storage and consumption as well as endocrine functions. In this mini review, we discuss the metabolic reprogramming in all three types of adipose tissues – white, brown, and beige – under the influence of the tumor macro-environment. Alterations in adipose tissue lipolysis, lipogenesis, inflammation and adaptive thermogenesis of beige/brown adipocytes are highlighted. Energy-wasting circuits in adipose tissue impacts whole-body metabolism and particularly skeletal muscle. Targeting of key molecular players involved in the metabolic reprogramming may aid in the development of new treatment strategies for cancer cachexia.
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Evaluation of Browning Markers in Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue of Newly Diagnosed Gastrointestinal Cancer Patients with and without Cachexia. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14081948. [PMID: 35454855 PMCID: PMC9025935 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14081948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cachexia occurs frequently in cancer patients with deep metabolic derangements. The browning of adipose tissue promotes thermogenesis and energy expenditure and, in cancer, has been considered a major determinant of adipose tissue atrophy. We evaluated the molecular phenotype of this phenomenon in the subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) of newly diagnosed gastrointestinal cancer patients compared to controls. We observed that the modulation of different markers of the browning of SAT in gastrointestinal cancer and, in particular, pancreatic cancer showed significant changes in UCP1 and PGC1α; PGC1α was highly expressed in cachectic patients. Our study highlights the relevance of browning in patients with cancer, in particular in those with pancreatic cancer. Understanding the browning phenomenon may allow us to counteract these metabolic alterations before the development of severe cachexia, which is characterized by deep adipose and muscle depletion, negatively affecting survival and quality of life. Abstract We assessed the molecular phenotype of the browning of white adipose tissue in newly diagnosed cancer patients and controls undergoing surgery for gastrointestinal tumors and for non-malignant diseases, respectively. We collected subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) samples and using RT-PCR, we analyzed the expression of markers of browning and using Western blot the protein levels of UCP1 and PGC1α. The Ucp1 mRNA levels were lower in cancer patients vs. controls (p = 0.01), whereas Cidea and Tmem26 mRNA levels were higher in cancer patients. We found higher PGC1α protein levels in patients vs. controls, while no differences were seen for UCP1. The Ucp1 expression was lower in cachectic and non-cachectic patients vs. controls, whereas Cidea expression was higher in cachectic and non-cachectic patients vs. controls. Pgc1α mRNA levels were higher in cachectic vs. non-cachectic patients (p = 0.03) vs. controls (p = 0.016). According to type of tumors, we did not observe differences in Cidea expression, whereas Pgc1α was higher in pancreatic cancer vs. colorectal and vs. controls. We observed the lower expression of Ucp1 in pancreatic and colorectal cancer vs. controls. We documented higher UCP1 protein levels in pancreatic cancer patients vs. colorectal (p = 0.002) and vs. controls (p = 0.031). PGC1α protein levels were higher in pancreatic cancer patients vs. controls. Different markers of the browning of SAT are modulated, and pancreatic cancer showed changes in UCP1 and PGC1α; PGC1α was highly expressed in cachectic patients, with clinical implications that should be further clarified.
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Oeckl J, Janovska P, Adamcova K, Bardova K, Brunner S, Dieckmann S, Ecker J, Fromme T, Funda J, Gantert T, Giansanti P, Hidrobo MS, Kuda O, Kuster B, Li Y, Pohl R, Schmitt S, Schweizer S, Zischka H, Zouhar P, Kopecky J, Klingenspor M. Loss of UCP1 function augments recruitment of futile lipid cycling for thermogenesis in murine brown fat. Mol Metab 2022; 61:101499. [PMID: 35470094 PMCID: PMC9097615 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Josef Oeckl
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; EKFZ - Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Petra Janovska
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Adamcova
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic
| | - Kristina Bardova
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic
| | - Sarah Brunner
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; EKFZ - Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Sebastian Dieckmann
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; EKFZ - Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Josef Ecker
- ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Tobias Fromme
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; EKFZ - Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Jiri Funda
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic
| | - Thomas Gantert
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; EKFZ - Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Piero Giansanti
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Maria Soledad Hidrobo
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; EKFZ - Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Ondrej Kuda
- Laboratory of Metabolism of Bioactive Lipids, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic
| | - Bernhard Kuster
- Chair of Proteomics and Bioanalytics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; Bavarian Center for Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Yongguo Li
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; EKFZ - Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Radek Pohl
- NMR spectroscopy, Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic
| | - Sabine Schmitt
- Institute of Toxicology and Environmental Hygiene, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sabine Schweizer
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; EKFZ - Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Hans Zischka
- Institute of Toxicology and Environmental Hygiene, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany; Institute of Molecular Toxicology and Pharmacology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Petr Zouhar
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kopecky
- Laboratory of Adipose Tissue Biology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Klingenspor
- Chair for Molecular Nutritional Medicine, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; EKFZ - Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Nutritional Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany; ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany.
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Assumpção JAF, Pasquarelli-do-Nascimento G, Duarte MSV, Bonamino MH, Magalhães KG. The ambiguous role of obesity in oncology by promoting cancer but boosting antitumor immunotherapy. J Biomed Sci 2022; 29:12. [PMID: 35164764 PMCID: PMC8842976 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-022-00796-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is nowadays considered a pandemic which prevalence's has been steadily increasingly in western countries. It is a dynamic, complex, and multifactorial disease which propitiates the development of several metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, as well as cancer. Excessive adipose tissue has been causally related to cancer progression and is a preventable risk factor for overall and cancer-specific survival, associated with poor prognosis in cancer patients. The onset of obesity features a state of chronic low-grade inflammation and secretion of a diversity of adipocyte-derived molecules (adipokines, cytokines, hormones), responsible for altering the metabolic, inflammatory, and immune landscape. The crosstalk between adipocytes and tumor cells fuels the tumor microenvironment with pro-inflammatory factors, promoting tissue injury, mutagenesis, invasion, and metastasis. Although classically established as a risk factor for cancer and treatment toxicity, recent evidence suggests mild obesity is related to better outcomes, with obese cancer patients showing better responses to treatment when compared to lean cancer patients. This phenomenon is termed obesity paradox and has been reported in different types and stages of cancer. The mechanisms underlying this paradoxical relationship between obesity and cancer are still not fully described but point to systemic alterations in metabolic fitness and modulation of the tumor microenvironment by obesity-associated molecules. Obesity impacts the response to cancer treatments, such as chemotherapy and immunotherapy, and has been reported as having a positive association with immune checkpoint therapy. In this review, we discuss obesity's association to inflammation and cancer, also highlighting potential physiological and biological mechanisms underlying this association, hoping to clarify the existence and impact of obesity paradox in cancer development and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mariana Saldanha Viegas Duarte
- Immunology and Tumor Biology Program - Research Coordination, Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Martín Hernan Bonamino
- Immunology and Tumor Biology Program - Research Coordination, Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Vice - Presidency of Research and Biological Collections (VPPCB), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Kelly Grace Magalhães
- Laboratory of Immunology and Inflammation, Department of Cell Biology, University of Brasilia, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
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Abstract
Diverse inflammatory diseases, infections and malignancies are associated with wasting syndromes. In many of these conditions, the standards for diagnosis and treatment are lacking due to our limited understanding of the causative molecular mechanisms. Here, we discuss the complex immunological context of cachexia, a systemic catabolic syndrome that depletes both fat and muscle mass with profound consequences for patient prognosis. We highlight the main cytokine and immune cell-driven pathways that have been linked to weight loss and tissue wasting in the context of cancer-associated and infection-associated cachexia. Moreover, we discuss the potential immunometabolic consequences of cachexia on the basis of newly identified pathways and explore the multilayered area of immunometabolic crosstalk both upstream and downstream of tissue catabolism. Collectively, this Review highlights the intricate relationship of the immune system with cachexia in the context of malignant and infectious diseases.
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Geppert J, Walth AA, Expósito RT, Kaltenecker D, Morigny P, Machado J, Becker M, Simoes E, Lima JDCC, Daniel C, Berriel Diaz M, Herzig S, Seelaender M, Rohm M. Aging Aggravates Cachexia in Tumor-Bearing Mice. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 14:cancers14010090. [PMID: 35008253 PMCID: PMC8750471 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cachexia is a deadly disease that accompanies many different types of cancers. Animal studies on cachexia have so far mostly been conducted using young mice, while cancer in humans is a disease of high age. Mouse models used to date may therefore not be suitable to study cachexia with relevance to patients. By comparing young and old mice of three different strains and two different tumor types, we here show that the age of mice has a substantial effect on cachexia progression (specifically body weight, tissue weight, fiber size, molecular markers) that is dependent on the mouse strain studied. This is independent of glucose tolerance. The cachexia markers IL6 and GDF15 differ between ages in both mice and patients. Future studies on cachexia should consider the age and strain of mice. Abstract Background: Cancer is primarily a disease of high age in humans, yet most mouse studies on cancer cachexia are conducted using young adolescent mice. Given that metabolism and muscle function change with age, we hypothesized that aging may affect cachexia progression in mouse models. Methods: We compare tumor and cachexia development in young and old mice of three different strains (C57BL/6J, C57BL/6N, BALB/c) and with two different tumor cell lines (Lewis Lung Cancer, Colon26). Tumor size, body and organ weights, fiber cross-sectional area, circulating cachexia biomarkers, and molecular markers of muscle atrophy and adipose tissue wasting are shown. We correlate inflammatory markers and body weight dependent on age in patients with cancer. Results: We note fundamental differences between mouse strains. Aging aggravates weight loss in LLC-injected C57BL/6J mice, drives it in C57BL/6N mice, and does not influence weight loss in C26-injected BALB/c mice. Glucose tolerance is unchanged in cachectic young and old mice. The stress marker GDF15 is elevated in cachectic BALB/c mice independent of age and increased in old C57BL/6N and J mice. Inflammatory markers correlate significantly with weight loss only in young mice and patients. Conclusions: Aging affects cachexia development and progression in mice in a strain-dependent manner and influences the inflammatory profile in both mice and patients. Age is an important factor to consider for future cachexia studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Geppert
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (J.G.); (A.A.W.); (R.T.E.); (D.K.); (P.M.); (J.M.); (E.S.); (M.B.D.); (S.H.)
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (M.B.); (C.D.)
| | - Alina A. Walth
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (J.G.); (A.A.W.); (R.T.E.); (D.K.); (P.M.); (J.M.); (E.S.); (M.B.D.); (S.H.)
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (M.B.); (C.D.)
| | - Raúl Terrón Expósito
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (J.G.); (A.A.W.); (R.T.E.); (D.K.); (P.M.); (J.M.); (E.S.); (M.B.D.); (S.H.)
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (M.B.); (C.D.)
| | - Doris Kaltenecker
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (J.G.); (A.A.W.); (R.T.E.); (D.K.); (P.M.); (J.M.); (E.S.); (M.B.D.); (S.H.)
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (M.B.); (C.D.)
| | - Pauline Morigny
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (J.G.); (A.A.W.); (R.T.E.); (D.K.); (P.M.); (J.M.); (E.S.); (M.B.D.); (S.H.)
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (M.B.); (C.D.)
| | - Juliano Machado
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (J.G.); (A.A.W.); (R.T.E.); (D.K.); (P.M.); (J.M.); (E.S.); (M.B.D.); (S.H.)
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (M.B.); (C.D.)
| | - Maike Becker
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (M.B.); (C.D.)
- Institute for Diabetes Research, Research Group Immune Tolerance in Diabetes, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Estefania Simoes
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (J.G.); (A.A.W.); (R.T.E.); (D.K.); (P.M.); (J.M.); (E.S.); (M.B.D.); (S.H.)
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (M.B.); (C.D.)
- Department of Surgery and LIM 26, Faculdade de Medicina, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-903, Brazil; (J.D.C.C.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Joanna D. C. C. Lima
- Department of Surgery and LIM 26, Faculdade de Medicina, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-903, Brazil; (J.D.C.C.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Carolin Daniel
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (M.B.); (C.D.)
- Institute for Diabetes Research, Research Group Immune Tolerance in Diabetes, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Mauricio Berriel Diaz
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (J.G.); (A.A.W.); (R.T.E.); (D.K.); (P.M.); (J.M.); (E.S.); (M.B.D.); (S.H.)
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (M.B.); (C.D.)
| | - Stephan Herzig
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (J.G.); (A.A.W.); (R.T.E.); (D.K.); (P.M.); (J.M.); (E.S.); (M.B.D.); (S.H.)
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (M.B.); (C.D.)
- Chair Molecular Metabolic Control, TUM School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Technical University Munich, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Marilia Seelaender
- Department of Surgery and LIM 26, Faculdade de Medicina, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 01246-903, Brazil; (J.D.C.C.L.); (M.S.)
| | - Maria Rohm
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (J.G.); (A.A.W.); (R.T.E.); (D.K.); (P.M.); (J.M.); (E.S.); (M.B.D.); (S.H.)
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany; (M.B.); (C.D.)
- Correspondence:
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Rossmeislová L, Gojda J, Smolková K. Pancreatic cancer: branched-chain amino acids as putative key metabolic regulators? Cancer Metastasis Rev 2021; 40:1115-1139. [PMID: 34962613 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-021-10016-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) are essential amino acids utilized in anabolic and catabolic metabolism. While extensively studied in obesity and diabetes, recent evidence suggests an important role for BCAA metabolism in cancer. Elevated plasma levels of BCAA are associated with an increased risk of developing pancreatic cancer, namely pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), a tumor with one of the highest 1-year mortality rates. The dreadful prognosis for PDAC patients could be attributable also to the early and frequent development of cancer cachexia, a fatal host metabolic reprogramming leading to muscle and adipose wasting. We propose that BCAA dysmetabolism is a unifying component of several pathological conditions, i.e., obesity, insulin resistance, and PDAC. These conditions are mutually dependent since PDAC ranks among cancers tightly associated with obesity and insulin resistance. It is also well-established that PDAC itself can trigger insulin resistance and new-onset diabetes. However, the exact link between BCAA metabolism, development of PDAC, and tissue wasting is still unclear. Although tissue-specific intracellular and systemic metabolism of BCAA is being intensively studied, unresolved questions related to PDAC and cancer cachexia remain, namely, whether elevated circulating BCAA contribute to PDAC etiology, what is the biological background of BCAA elevation, and what is the role of adipose tissue relative to BCAA metabolism during cancer cachexia. To cover those issues, we provide our view on BCAA metabolism at the intracellular, tissue, and whole-body level, with special emphasis on different metabolic links to BCAA intermediates and the role of insulin in substrate handling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Rossmeislová
- Department of Pathophysiology, Center for Research On Nutrition, Metabolism, and Diabetes, Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
- Franco-Czech Laboratory for Clinical Research On Obesity, Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Gojda
- Franco-Czech Laboratory for Clinical Research On Obesity, Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Internal Medicine, Královské Vinohrady University Hospital and Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Katarína Smolková
- Laboratory of Mitochondrial Physiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Grabner GF, Xie H, Schweiger M, Zechner R. Lipolysis: cellular mechanisms for lipid mobilization from fat stores. Nat Metab 2021; 3:1445-1465. [PMID: 34799702 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-021-00493-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The perception that intracellular lipolysis is a straightforward process that releases fatty acids from fat stores in adipose tissue to generate energy has experienced major revisions over the last two decades. The discovery of new lipolytic enzymes and coregulators, the demonstration that lipophagy and lysosomal lipolysis contribute to the degradation of cellular lipid stores and the characterization of numerous factors and signalling pathways that regulate lipid hydrolysis on transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels have revolutionized our understanding of lipolysis. In this review, we focus on the mechanisms that facilitate intracellular fatty-acid mobilization, drawing on canonical and noncanonical enzymatic pathways. We summarize how intracellular lipolysis affects lipid-mediated signalling, metabolic regulation and energy homeostasis in multiple organs. Finally, we examine how these processes affect pathogenesis and how lipolysis may be targeted to potentially prevent or treat various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gernot F Grabner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Hao Xie
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Martina Schweiger
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - Rudolf Zechner
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria.
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Olson B, Norgard MA, Levasseur PR, Zhu X, Marks DL. Physiologic and molecular characterization of a novel murine model of metastatic head and neck cancer cachexia. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2021; 12:1312-1332. [PMID: 34231343 PMCID: PMC8517353 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer cachexia is a metabolic disorder characterized by the progressive loss of fat and lean mass that results in significant wasting, ultimately leading to reduced quality of life and increased mortality. Effective therapies for cachexia are lacking, potentially owing to the mismatch in clinically relevant models of cachexia. Specifically, cachexia observed in a clinical setting is commonly associated with advanced or late-stage cancers that are metastatic, yet pre-clinical metastatic models of cachexia are limited. Furthermore, the prevalence of cachexia in head and neck cancer patients is high, yet few pre-clinical models of head and neck cancer cachexia exist. In addition to these shortcomings, cachexia is also heterogeneous among any given cancer, whereas patients with similar disease burden may experience significantly different degrees of cachexia symptoms. In order to address these issues, we characterize a metastatic model of human papilloma virus (HPV) positive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma that recapitulates the cardinal clinical and molecular features of cancer cachexia. METHODS Male and female C57BL/6 mice were implanted subcutaneously with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma cells stably transformed with HPV16 E6 and E7 together with hRas and luciferase (mEERL) that metastasizes to the lungs (MLM). We then robustly characterize the physiologic, behavioural, and molecular signatures during tumour development in two MLM subclones. RESULTS Mice injected with MLM tumour cells rapidly developed primary tumours and eventual metastatic lesions to the lungs. MLM3, but not MLM5, engrafted mice progressively lost fat and lean mass during tumour development despite the absence of anorexia (P < 0.05). Behaviourally, MLM3-implanted mice displayed decreased locomotor behaviours and impaired nest building (P < 0.05). Muscle catabolism programmes associated with cachexia, including E3 ubiquitin ligase and autophagy up-regulation, along with progressive adipose wasting and accompanying browning gene signatures, were observed. Tumour progression also corresponded with hypothalamic and peripheral organ inflammation, as well as an elevation in neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (P < 0.05). Finally, we characterize the fat and lean mass sparing effects of voluntary wheel running on MLM3 cachexia (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This syngeneic MLM3 allograft model of metastatic cancer cachexia is reliable, consistent, and readily recapitulates key clinical and molecular features and heterogeneity of cancer cachexia. Because few metastatic models of cachexia exist-even though cachexia often accompanies metastatic progression-we believe this model more accurately captures cancer cachexia observed in a clinical setting and thus is well suited for future mechanistic studies and pre-clinical therapy development for this crippling metabolic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brennan Olson
- Papé Family Pediatric Research InstituteOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
- Medical Scientist Training ProgramOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
| | - Mason A. Norgard
- Papé Family Pediatric Research InstituteOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
| | - Peter R. Levasseur
- Papé Family Pediatric Research InstituteOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
| | - Xinxia Zhu
- Papé Family Pediatric Research InstituteOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
| | - Daniel L. Marks
- Papé Family Pediatric Research InstituteOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
- Brenden‐Colson Center for Pancreatic CareOregon Health and & Science University PortlandORUSA
- Knight Cancer InstituteOregon Health & Science UniversityPortlandORUSA
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Han J, Harrison L, Patzelt L, Wu M, Junker D, Herzig S, Berriel Diaz M, Karampinos DC. Imaging modalities for diagnosis and monitoring of cancer cachexia. EJNMMI Res 2021; 11:94. [PMID: 34557972 PMCID: PMC8460705 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-021-00834-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cachexia, a multifactorial wasting syndrome, is highly prevalent among advanced-stage cancer patients. Unlike weight loss in healthy humans, the progressive loss of body weight in cancer cachexia primarily implicates lean body mass, caused by an aberrant metabolism and systemic inflammation. This may lead to disease aggravation, poorer quality of life, and increased mortality. Timely detection is, therefore, crucial, as is the careful monitoring of cancer progression, in an effort to improve management, facilitate individual treatment and minimize disease complications. A detailed analysis of body composition and tissue changes using imaging modalities—that is, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, (18F) fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (18FDG) PET and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry—shows great premise for charting the course of cachexia. Quantitative and qualitative changes to adipose tissue, organs, and muscle compartments, particularly of the trunk and extremities, could present important biomarkers for phenotyping cachexia and determining its onset in patients. In this review, we present and compare the imaging techniques that have been used in the setting of cancer cachexia. Their individual limitations, drawbacks in the face of clinical routine care, and relevance in oncology are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie Han
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.
| | - Luke Harrison
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lisa Patzelt
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Mingming Wu
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniela Junker
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephan Herzig
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Inner Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Chair of Molecular Metabolic Control, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mauricio Berriel Diaz
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Dimitrios C Karampinos
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum Rechts Der Isar, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
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48
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Sartori R, Hagg A, Zampieri S, Armani A, Winbanks CE, Viana LR, Haidar M, Watt KI, Qian H, Pezzini C, Zanganeh P, Turner BJ, Larsson A, Zanchettin G, Pierobon ES, Moletta L, Valmasoni M, Ponzoni A, Attar S, Da Dalt G, Sperti C, Kustermann M, Thomson RE, Larsson L, Loveland KL, Costelli P, Megighian A, Merigliano S, Penna F, Gregorevic P, Sandri M. Perturbed BMP signaling and denervation promote muscle wasting in cancer cachexia. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:eaay9592. [PMID: 34349036 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aay9592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Most patients with advanced solid cancers exhibit features of cachexia, a debilitating syndrome characterized by progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength. Because the underlying mechanisms of this multifactorial syndrome are incompletely defined, effective therapeutics have yet to be developed. Here, we show that diminished bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling is observed early in the onset of skeletal muscle wasting associated with cancer cachexia in mouse models and in patients with cancer. Cancer-mediated factors including Activin A and IL-6 trigger the expression of the BMP inhibitor Noggin in muscle, which blocks the actions of BMPs on muscle fibers and motor nerves, subsequently causing disruption of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), denervation, and muscle wasting. Increasing BMP signaling in the muscles of tumor-bearing mice by gene delivery or pharmacological means can prevent muscle wasting and preserve measures of NMJ function. The data identify perturbed BMP signaling and denervation of muscle fibers as important pathogenic mechanisms of muscle wasting associated with tumor growth. Collectively, these findings present interventions that promote BMP-mediated signaling as an attractive strategy to counteract the loss of functional musculature in patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Sartori
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35129 Padova, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Adam Hagg
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- Centre for Muscle Research, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Sandra Zampieri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, 3rd Surgical Clinic, University of Padova, 35128 Padua, Italy
- Myology Center, University of Padova, 35122 Padua, Italy
| | - Andrea Armani
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35129 Padova, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | | | - Laís R Viana
- Centre for Muscle Research, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Biology Institute, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-97, Brazil
| | - Mouna Haidar
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Kevin I Watt
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- Centre for Muscle Research, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Hongwei Qian
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- Centre for Muscle Research, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Camilla Pezzini
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35129 Padova, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Pardis Zanganeh
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Bradley J Turner
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Anna Larsson
- Theme Cancer, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna 171 76, Sweden
| | - Gianpietro Zanchettin
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, 3rd Surgical Clinic, University of Padova, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Elisa S Pierobon
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, 3rd Surgical Clinic, University of Padova, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Lucia Moletta
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, 3rd Surgical Clinic, University of Padova, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Michele Valmasoni
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, 3rd Surgical Clinic, University of Padova, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Alberto Ponzoni
- Department of Radiology, Padova General Hospital, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Shady Attar
- Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Da Dalt
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, 3rd Surgical Clinic, University of Padova, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Cosimo Sperti
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, 3rd Surgical Clinic, University of Padova, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Monika Kustermann
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Rachel E Thomson
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- Centre for Muscle Research, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Lars Larsson
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Kate L Loveland
- Centre for Reproductive Health. Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, and Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Paola Costelli
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Aram Megighian
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Merigliano
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, 3rd Surgical Clinic, University of Padova, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Fabio Penna
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Paul Gregorevic
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.
- Centre for Muscle Research, Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, VIC 3800, Australia
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Marco Sandri
- Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine, 35129 Padova, Italy.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Myology Center, University of Padova, 35122 Padua, Italy
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
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Daquinag AC, Gao Z, Fussell C, Immaraj L, Pasqualini R, Arap W, Akimzhanov AM, Febbraio M, Kolonin MG. Fatty acid mobilization from adipose tissue is mediated by CD36 post-translational modifications and intracellular trafficking. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e147057. [PMID: 34314388 PMCID: PMC8492349 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.147057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanism controlling long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) mobilization from adipose tissue is not well understood. Here, we investigated how the LCFA transporter CD36 regulates this process. By using tissue-specific KO mouse models, we showed that CD36 in adipocytes and endothelial cells mediated both LCFA deposition into and release from adipose tissue. We demonstrated the role of adipocytic and endothelial CD36 in promoting tumor growth and chemoresistance conferred by adipose tissue–derived LCFAs. We showed that dynamic cysteine S-acylation of CD36 in adipocytes, endothelial cells, and cancer cells mediated intercellular LCFA transport. We demonstrated that lipolysis induction in adipocytes triggered CD36 deacylation and deglycosylation, as well as its dissociation from interacting proteins, prohibitin-1 (PHB) and annexin 2 (ANX2). Our data indicate that lipolysis triggers caveolar endocytosis and translocation of CD36 from the cell membrane to lipid droplets. This study suggests a mechanism for both outside-in and inside-out cellular LCFA transport regulated by CD36 S-acylation and its interactions with PHB and ANX2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexes C Daquinag
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, United States of America
| | - Zhanguo Gao
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, United States of America
| | - Cale Fussell
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, United States of America
| | - Linnet Immaraj
- Department of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Renata Pasqualini
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, United States of America
| | - Wadih Arap
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, United States of America
| | - Askar M Akimzhanov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, United States of America
| | - Maria Febbraio
- Department of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Mikhail G Kolonin
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, United States of America
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50
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Kottorou A, Dimitrakopoulos FI, Tsezou A. Non-coding RNAs in cancer-associated cachexia: clinical implications and future perspectives. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:101101. [PMID: 33915516 PMCID: PMC8100623 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2021.101101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cachexia is a multifactorial syndrome characterized by skeletal muscle loss, with or without adipose atrophy, irreversible through nutritional support, in the context of systemic inflammation and metabolic disorders. It is mediated by inflammatory reaction and affects almost 50% of all cancer patients, due to prominent systemic inflammation associated with the disease. The comprehension of the molecular mechanisms that are implicated in cancer cachexia sheds light on its pathogenesis and lays the foundations for the discovery of new therapeutic targets and biomarkers. Recently, ncRNAs, like microRNAs as well as lncRNAs and circRNAs seem to regulate pathways that are implicated in cancer cachexia pathogenesis, as it has been observed in animal models and in cancer cachexia patients, highlighting their therapeutic potential. Moreover, increasing evidence highlights the involvement of circulating and exosomal ncRNAs in the activation and maintenance of systemic inflammation in cancer and cancer-associated cachexia. In that context, the present review focuses on the clinical significance of ncRNAs in cancer-associated cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Kottorou
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Division of Oncology, Medical School, University of Patras, 26504, Rio, Greece
| | | | - Aspasia Tsezou
- Laboratory of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500, Larissa, Greece; Laboratory of Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500, Larissa, Greece.
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