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Kesmen E, Asliyüksek H, Kök AN, Şenol C, Özli S, Senol O. Bioinformatics-driven untargeted metabolomic profiling for clinical screening of methamphetamine abuse. Forensic Toxicol 2024:10.1007/s11419-024-00703-2. [PMID: 39292360 DOI: 10.1007/s11419-024-00703-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 09/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Amphetamine-type stimulants are very common, and their usage is becoming a very big social problem all over the world. Thousands of addicts encounter several health problems including mental, metabolic, behavioral and neurological disorders. In addition to these, there are several reports about the elevated risk of tendency on committing criminal cases by addicted persons. Hence, methamphetamine addiction is not only an individual health problem but also a social problem. In our study, we aimed to investigate the pathogenesis of chronic usage of methamphetamine via untargeted metabolomics approach. METHODS 38 plasma samples were carefully collected and extracted for untargeted metabolomics assay. A liquid-liquid extraction was performed to get as much metabolite as possible from the samples. After the extraction procedure, samples were transferred into vials and they were evaluated via time of flight mass spectrometry instrument. RESULTS Significantly, altered metabolites were identified by the fold analysis and Welch's test between the groups. 42 different compounds were annotated regarding to data-dependent acquisition method. Pathway analysis were also performed to understand the hazardous effect of methamphetamine on human body. CONCLUSION It has been reported that drug exposure may affect several metabolic pathways for amino acids, fats, energy metabolism and vitamins. An alternative bioinformatic model was also developed and validated in order to predict the chronic methamphetamine drug users in any criminal cases. This generated model passes the ROC curve analysis and permutation test and classify the controls and drug users correctly by evaluating the metabolic alterations between the groups.
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2
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Bucher ML, Dicent J, Duarte Hospital C, Miller GW. Neurotoxicology of dopamine: Victim or assailant? Neurotoxicology 2024; 103:175-188. [PMID: 38857676 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2024.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Since the identification of dopamine as a neurotransmitter in the mid-20th century, investigators have examined the regulation of dopamine homeostasis at a basic biological level and in human disorders. Genetic animal models that manipulate the expression of proteins involved in dopamine homeostasis have provided key insight into the consequences of dysregulated dopamine. As a result, we have come to understand the potential of dopamine to act as an endogenous neurotoxin through the generation of reactive oxygen species and reactive metabolites that can damage cellular macromolecules. Endogenous factors, such as genetic variation and subcellular processes, and exogenous factors, such as environmental exposures, have been identified as contributors to the dysregulation of dopamine homeostasis. Given the variety of dysregulating factors that impact dopamine homeostasis and the potential for dopamine itself to contribute to further cellular dysfunction, dopamine can be viewed as both the victim and an assailant of neurotoxicity. Parkinson's disease has emerged as the exemplar case study of dopamine dysregulation due to the genetic and environmental factors known to contribute to disease risk, and due to the evidence of dysregulated dopamine as a pathologic and pathogenic feature of the disease. This review, inspired by the talk, "Dopamine in Durham: location, location, location" presented by Dr. Miller for the Jacob Hooisma Memorial Lecture at the International Neurotoxicology Association meeting in 2023, offers a primer on dopamine toxicity covering endogenous and exogenous factors that disrupt dopamine homeostasis and the actions of dopamine as an endogenous neurotoxin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan L Bucher
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health at Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jocelyn Dicent
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health at Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Carolina Duarte Hospital
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health at Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Gary W Miller
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health at Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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3
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Ahrens J, Zaher F, Rabin RA, Cassidy CM, Palaniyappan L. Neuromelanin levels in individuals with substance use disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 161:105690. [PMID: 38678736 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Dopamine's role in addiction has been extensively studied, revealing disruptions in its functioning throughout all addiction stages. Neuromelanin in the substantia nigra (SN) may reflect dopamine auto-oxidation, and can be quantified using neuromelaninsensitive magnetic resonance imaging (neuromelanin-MRI) in a non-invasive manner.In this pre-registered systematic review, we assess the current body of evidence related to neuromelanin levels in substance use disorders, using both post-mortem and MRI examinations. The systematic search identified 10 relevant articles, primarily focusing on the substantia nigra. An early-stage meta-analysis (n = 6) revealed varied observations ranging from standardized mean differences of -3.55 to +0.62, with a pooled estimate of -0.44 (95 % CI = -1.52, 0.65), but there was insufficient power to detect differences in neuromelanin content among individuals with substance use disorders. Our gap analysis highlights the lack of sufficient replication studies, with existing studies lacking the power to detect a true difference, and a complete lack of neuromelanin studies on certain substances of clinical interest. We provide recommendations for future studies of dopaminergic neurobiology in addictions and related psychiatric comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Ahrens
- Douglas Research Centre, Douglas Mental Health Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Farida Zaher
- Douglas Research Centre, Douglas Mental Health Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Rachel A Rabin
- Douglas Research Centre, Douglas Mental Health Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Clifford M Cassidy
- Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Lena Palaniyappan
- Douglas Research Centre, Douglas Mental Health Research Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Robarts Research Institute, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
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4
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Seyed Aliyan SM, Roohbakhsh A, Jafari Fakhrabad M, Salmasi Z, Moshiri M, Shahbazi N, Etemad L. Evaluating the Protective Effects of Thymoquinone on Methamphetamine-induced Toxicity in an In Vitro Model Based on Differentiated PC12 Cells. Altern Lab Anim 2024; 52:94-106. [PMID: 38445454 DOI: 10.1177/02611929241237409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (Meth) is a highly addictive stimulant. Its potential neurotoxic effects are mediated through various mechanisms, including oxidative stress and the initiation of the apoptotic process. Thymoquinone (TQ), obtained from Nigella sativa seed oil, has extensive antioxidant and anti-apoptotic properties. This study aimed to investigate the potential protective effects of TQ against Meth-induced toxicity by using an in vitro model based on nerve growth factor-differentiated PC12 cells. Cell differentiation was assessed by detecting the presence of a neuronal marker with flow cytometry. The effects of Meth exposure were evaluated in the in vitro neuronal cell-based model via the determination of cell viability (in an MTT assay) and apoptosis (by annexin/propidium iodide staining). The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as the levels of glutathione (GSH) and dopamine, were also determined. The model was used to determine the protective effects of 0.5, 1 and 2 μM TQ against Meth-induced toxicity (at 1 mM). The results showed that TQ reduced Meth-induced neurotoxicity, possibly through the inhibition of ROS generation and apoptosis, and by helping to maintain GSH and dopamine levels. Thus, the impact of TQ treatment on Meth-induced neurotoxicity could warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Roohbakhsh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Marzieh Jafari Fakhrabad
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahar Salmasi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Moshiri
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Clinical Toxicology, Imam Reza Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Niosha Shahbazi
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Leila Etemad
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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5
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Rademacher K, Nakamura K. Role of dopamine neuron activity in Parkinson's disease pathophysiology. Exp Neurol 2024; 373:114645. [PMID: 38092187 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Neural activity is finely tuned to produce normal behaviors, and disruptions in activity likely occur early in the course of many neurodegenerative diseases. However, how neural activity is altered, and how these changes influence neurodegeneration is poorly understood. Here, we focus on evidence that the activity of dopamine neurons is altered in Parkinson's disease (PD), either as a compensatory response to degeneration or as a result of circuit dynamics or pathologic proteins, based on available human data and studies in animal models of PD. We then discuss how this abnormal activity may augment other neurotoxic phenomena in PD, including mitochondrial deficits, protein aggregation and spread, dopamine toxicity, and excitotoxicity. A more complete picture of how activity is altered and the resulting effects on dopaminergic neuron health and function may inform future therapeutic interventions to target and protect dopamine neurons from degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Rademacher
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California, 94158, USA; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA.; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94158, USA
| | - Ken Nakamura
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California, 94158, USA; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA.; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94158, USA; Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94143, USA; Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94158, USA.
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6
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Jaehne EJ, Semaan H, Grosman A, Xu X, Schwarz Q, van den Buuse M. Enhanced methamphetamine sensitisation in a rat model of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor Val66Met variant: Sex differences and dopamine receptor gene expression. Neuropharmacology 2023; 240:109719. [PMID: 37742717 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and the Val66Met polymorphism may play a role in the development of psychosis and schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to investigate long-term effects of methamphetamine (Meth) on psychosis-like behaviour and dopamine receptor and dopamine transporter gene expression in a novel rat model of the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism. At the end of a 7-day subchronic Meth treatment, female rats with the Met/Met genotype selectively showed locomotor hyperactivity sensitisation to the acute effect of Meth. Male rats showed tolerance to Meth irrespective of Val66Met genotype. Two weeks later, female Met/Met rats showed increased locomotor activity following both saline treatment or a low dose of Meth, a hyperactivity which was not observed in other genotypes or in males. Baseline PPI did not differ between the groups but the disruption of PPI by acute treatment with apomorphine was absent in Meth-pretreated Met/Met rats. Female Met/Met rats selectively showed down-regulation of dopamine D2 receptor gene expression in striatum. Behavioural effects of MK-801 or its locomotor sensitisation by prior Meth pretreatment were not influenced by genotype. These data suggest a selective vulnerability of female Met/Met rats to short-term and long-term effects of Meth, which could model increased vulnerability to psychosis development associated with the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Jaehne
- Department of Psychology and Counselling, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hayette Semaan
- Department of Psychology and Counselling, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Adam Grosman
- Department of Psychology and Counselling, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Xiangjun Xu
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Quenten Schwarz
- Centre for Cancer Biology, SA Pathology and University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Maarten van den Buuse
- Department of Psychology and Counselling, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
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7
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Choi S, Methiwala HN, Graves SM. Isradipine, an L-type calcium channel inhibitor, attenuates cue-associated methamphetamine-seeking in mice. Brain Res 2023; 1818:148528. [PMID: 37567548 PMCID: PMC10530265 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (meth) is an addictive psychostimulant and there are no FDA-approved treatment options for patients suffering from meth use disorders. In addition to being addictive, meth is also neurotoxic and chronic administration results in degeneration of substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) dopamine and locus coeruleus (LC) norepinephrine neurons in mice. Optimal treatment strategies for meth use disorders would attenuate maladaptive meth-seeking behavior as well as provide neuroprotection. The L-type calcium channel inhibitor isradipine and the monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor rasagiline both prevent chronic meth-induced SNc and LC degeneration but effects on meth-seeking are unknown. To test whether these clinically available compounds can mitigate meth-seeking, mice were implanted with chronic indwelling jugular vein catheters and allowed to self-administer meth (0.1 mg/kg/infusion) for 10 consecutive days (2-hrs/day) on a fixed ratio (FR) 1 schedule of reinforcement with meth infusions paired to a cue light. One day after the last self-administration session mice were tested for cue-associated meth-seeking behavior wherein the meth-associated cue light was contingently presented but meth reinforcement withheld. Isradipine (3 mg/kg) attenuated cue-associated meth-seeking in both male and female mice. In contrast, rasagiline (1 mg/kg) had no effect on seeking in either sex. These results suggest that isradipine may have the potential to serve as a dual-purpose pharmacotherapy for meth use disorders by attenuating seeking behavior and providing neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghoon Choi
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Steven M Graves
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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8
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Patrick MB, Omar N, Werner CT, Mitra S, Jarome TJ. The ubiquitin-proteasome system and learning-dependent synaptic plasticity - A 10 year update. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 152:105280. [PMID: 37315660 PMCID: PMC11323321 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Over 25 years ago, a seminal paper demonstrated that the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) was involved in activity-dependent synaptic plasticity. Interest in this topic began to expand around 2008 following another seminal paper showing that UPS-mediated protein degradation controlled the "destabilization" of memories following retrieval, though we remained with only a basic understanding of how the UPS regulated activity- and learning-dependent synaptic plasticity. However, over the last 10 years there has been an explosion of papers on this topic that has significantly changed our understanding of how ubiquitin-proteasome signaling regulates synaptic plasticity and memory formation. Importantly, we now know that the UPS controls much more than protein degradation, is involved in plasticity underlying drugs of abuse and that there are significant sex differences in how ubiquitin-proteasome signaling is used for memory storage processes. Here, we aim to provide a critical 10-year update on the role of ubiquitin-proteasome signaling in synaptic plasticity and memory formation, including updated cellular models of how ubiquitin-proteasome activity could be regulating learning-dependent synaptic plasticity in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan B Patrick
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Nour Omar
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Craig T Werner
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, USA; National Center for Wellness and Recovery, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, OK, USA.
| | - Swarup Mitra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Joan C Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA.
| | - Timothy J Jarome
- School of Neuroscience, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA; School of Animal Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
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9
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Pilski A, Graves SM. Repeated Methamphetamine Administration Results in Axon Loss Prior to Somatic Loss of Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta and Locus Coeruleus Neurons in Male but Not Female Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13039. [PMID: 37685846 PMCID: PMC10487759 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (meth) is a neurotoxic psychostimulant that increases monoamine oxidase (MAO)-dependent mitochondrial oxidant stress in axonal but not somatic compartments of substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) and locus coeruleus (LC) neurons. Chronic meth administration results in the degeneration of SNc and LC neurons in male mice, and MAO inhibition is neuroprotective, suggesting that the deleterious effects of chronic meth begin in axons before advancing to the soma of SNc and LC neurons. To test this hypothesis, mice were administered meth (5 mg/kg) for 14, 21, or 28 days, and SNc and LC axonal lengths and numbers of neurons were quantified. In male mice, the SNc and LC axon lengths decreased with 14, 21, and 28 days of meth, whereas somatic loss was only observed after 28 days of meth; MAO inhibition (phenelzine; 20 mg/kg) prevented axonal and somatic loss of SNc and LC neurons. In contrast, chronic (28-day) meth had no effect on the axon length or numbers of SNc or LC neurons in female mice. The results demonstrate that repeated exposure to meth produces SNc and LC axonal deficits prior to somatic loss in male subjects, consistent with a dying-back pattern of degeneration, whereas female mice are resistant to chronic meth-induced degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steven M. Graves
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
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Hersey M, Bartole MK, Jones CS, Newman AH, Tanda G. Are There Prevalent Sex Differences in Psychostimulant Use Disorder? A Focus on the Potential Therapeutic Efficacy of Atypical Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors. Molecules 2023; 28:5270. [PMID: 37446929 PMCID: PMC10343811 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28135270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychostimulant use disorders (PSUD) affect a growing number of men and women and exert sizable public health and economic burdens on our global society. Notably, there are some sex differences in the onset of dependence, relapse rates, and treatment success with PSUD observed in preclinical and clinical studies. The subtle sex differences observed in the behavioral aspects of PSUD may be associated with differences in the neurochemistry of the dopaminergic system between sexes. Preclinically, psychostimulants have been shown to increase synaptic dopamine (DA) levels and may downregulate the dopamine transporter (DAT). This effect is greatest in females during the high estradiol phase of the estrous cycle. Interestingly, women have been shown to be more likely to begin drug use at younger ages and report higher levels of desire to use cocaine than males. Even though there is currently no FDA-approved medication, modafinil, a DAT inhibitor approved for use in the treatment of narcolepsy and sleep disorders, has shown promise in the treatment of PSUD among specific populations of affected individuals. In this review, we highlight the therapeutic potential of modafinil and other atypical DAT inhibitors focusing on the lack of sex differences in the actions of these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Gianluigi Tanda
- Medication Development Program, NIDA IRP, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA; (M.H.); (M.K.B.); (C.S.J.); (A.H.N.)
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11
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Persons JE, Conway KS. Neuropathologic Features in Chronic Methamphetamine Use. Am J Forensic Med Pathol 2023; 44:77-82. [PMID: 36826228 DOI: 10.1097/paf.0000000000000817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Methamphetamine is a psychostimulant that exerts its euphoric and stimulant effects by increasing cytosolic monoamine concentration at the nerve terminal. In addition to its known systemic cardiovascular effects, there is compelling evidence to suggest a direct neurotoxic effect of methamphetamine; however, the existing body of literature includes very few human tissue studies. This exploratory analysis used postmortem human brain specimens to examine histologic and immunohistochemical features associated with chronic methamphetamine use. This retrospective cohort study included 60 decedents who were autopsied at the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics between the years 2015 and 2021. Logistic regression models demonstrated no definite pathologic changes in the hippocampi of individuals with a history of chronic methamphetamine use. Decedents with a history of methamphetamine use had a marginally increased odds of basal ganglia arteriosclerosis, which did not reach statistical significance (odds ratio, 3.33; 95% confidence interval, 0.6-19.2; P = 0.17), which may be independent of the systemic hypertensive effects of methamphetamine. Future studies that include targeted examination of brain regions of interest, such as the basal ganglia and specifically the striatum, may prove revealing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane E Persons
- From the Department of Pathology, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Kyle S Conway
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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12
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Russo EE, Zovko LE, Nazari R, Steenland H, Ramsey AJ, Salahpour A. Evaluation and Validation of Commercially Available Dopamine Transporter Antibodies. eNeuro 2023; 10:10/5/ENEURO.0341-22.2023. [PMID: 37142435 PMCID: PMC10162361 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0341-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
With a wide variety of dopamine transporter (DAT) antibodies available commercially, it is important to validate which antibodies provide sufficient immunodetection for reproducibility purpose and for accurate analysis of DAT levels and/or location. Commercially available DAT antibodies that are commonly used were tested in western blotting (WB) on wild-type (WT) and DAT-knock-out (DAT-KO) brain tissue and with immunohistology (IH) techniques against coronal slices of unilaterally lesioned 6-OHDA rats, in addition to wild-type and DAT-knock-out mice. DAT-KO mice and unilateral 6-OHDA lesions in rats were used as a negative control for DAT antibody specificity. Antibodies were tested at various concentrations and rated based on signal detection varying from no signal to optimal signal detection. Commonly used antibodies, including AB2231 and PT-22 524-1-AP, did not provide specific DAT signals in WB and IH. Although certain antibodies provided a good DAT signal, such as SC-32258, D6944, and MA5-24796, they also presented nonspecific bands in WB. Many DAT antibodies did not detect the DAT as advertised, and this characterization of DAT antibodies may provide a guide for immunodetection of DAT for molecular studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma E Russo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Lola E Zovko
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Reza Nazari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Hendrik Steenland
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Amy J Ramsey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Ali Salahpour
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
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13
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Sayson LV, Ortiz DM, Lee HJ, Kim M, Custodio RJP, Yun J, Lee CH, Lee YS, Cha HJ, Cheong JH, Kim HJ. Deletion of Cryab increases the vulnerability of mice to the addiction-like effects of the cannabinoid JWH-018 via upregulation of striatal NF-κB expression. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1135929. [PMID: 37007015 PMCID: PMC10060981 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1135929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthetic cannabinoids have exhibited unpredictable abuse liabilities, especially self-administration (SA) responses in normal rodent models, despite seemingly inducing addiction-like effects in humans. Thus, an efficient pre-clinical model must be developed to determine cannabinoid abuse potential in animals and describe the mechanism that may mediate cannabinoid sensitivity. The Cryab knockout (KO) mice were recently discovered to be potentially sensitive to the addictive effects of psychoactive drugs. Herein, we examined the responses of Cryab KO mice to JWH-018 using SA, conditioned place preference, and electroencephalography. Additionally, the effects of repeated JWH-018 exposure on endocannabinoid- and dopamine-related genes in various addiction-associated brain regions were examined, along with protein expressions involving neuroinflammation and synaptic plasticity. Cryab KO mice exhibited greater cannabinoid-induced SA responses and place preference, along with divergent gamma wave alterations, compared to wild-type (WT) mice, implying their higher sensitivity to cannabinoids. Endocannabinoid- or dopamine-related mRNA expressions and accumbal dopamine concentrations after repeated JWH-018 exposure were not significantly different between the WT and Cryab KO mice. Further analyses revealed that repeated JWH-018 administration led to possibly greater neuroinflammation in Cryab KO mice, which may arise from upregulated NF-κB, accompanied by higher expressions of synaptic plasticity markers, which might have contributed to the development of cannabinoid addiction-related behavior in Cryab KO mice. These findings signify that increased neuroinflammation via NF-κB may mediate the enhanced addiction-like responses of Cryab KO mice to cannabinoids. Altogether, Cryab KO mice may be a potential model for cannabinoid abuse susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Val Sayson
- Department of Pharmacy, Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Sahmyook University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Darlene Mae Ortiz
- Department of Pharmacy, Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Sahmyook University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jun Lee
- Department of Pharmacy, Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Sahmyook University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mikyung Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Sahmyook University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Raly James Perez Custodio
- Department of Ergonomics, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors—IfADo, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Jaesuk Yun
- College of Pharmacy and Medical Research Center, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Hyeon Lee
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Fundamental Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Sup Lee
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Fundamental Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Cha
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam–do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Cheong
- Institute for New Drug Development, School of Pharmacy, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
- *Correspondence: Jae Hoon Cheong, ; Hee Jin Kim,
| | - Hee Jin Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Uimyung Research Institute for Neuroscience, Sahmyook University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- *Correspondence: Jae Hoon Cheong, ; Hee Jin Kim,
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Watling SE, Jagasar S, McCluskey T, Warsh J, Rhind SG, Truong P, Chavez S, Houle S, Tong J, Kish SJ, Boileau I. Imaging oxidative stress in brains of chronic methamphetamine users: A combined 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy and peripheral blood biomarker study. Front Psychiatry 2023; 13:1070456. [PMID: 36704729 PMCID: PMC9871559 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1070456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Preclinical data suggest methamphetamine (MA), a widely used stimulant drug, can harm the brain by causing oxidative stress and inflammation, but only limited information is available in humans. We tested the hypothesis that levels of glutathione (GSH), a major antioxidant, would be lower in the brains of chronic human MA preferring polysubstance users. We also explored if concentrations of peripheral immunoinflammatory blood biomarkers were related with brain GSH concentrations. Methods 20 healthy controls (HC) (33 years; 11 M) and 14 MA users (40 years; 9 M) completed a magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) scan, with GSH spectra obtained by the interleaved J-difference editing MEGA-PRESS method in anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Peripheral blood samples were drawn for measurements of immunoinflammatory biomarkers. Independent samples t-tests evaluated MA vs. HC differences in GSH. Results GSH levels did not differ between HC and MA users (ACC p = 0.30; DLPFC p = 0.85). A total of 17 of 25 immunoinflammatory biomarkers were significantly elevated in MA users and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 (r = 0.577, p = 0.039), myeloperoxidase (MPO) (r = -0.556, p = 0.049), and MMP-9 (r = 0.660, p = 0.038) were correlated with brain levels of GSH. Conclusion Normal brain GSH in living brain of chronic MA users is consistent with our previous postmortem brain finding and suggests that any oxidative stress caused by MA, at the doses used by our participants, might not be sufficient to cause either a compensatory increase in, or substantial overutilization of, this antioxidant. Additionally, more research is required to understand how oxidative stress and inflammatory processes are related and potentially dysregulated in MA use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E. Watling
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Samantha Jagasar
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tina McCluskey
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Campbell Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jerry Warsh
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Campbell Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shawn G. Rhind
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Defence Research and Development Canada, Toronto Research Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Peter Truong
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sofia Chavez
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sylvain Houle
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Campbell Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Junchao Tong
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Campbell Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen J. Kish
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Campbell Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Isabelle Boileau
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Campbell Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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15
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Hu X, Jiang P, Gao Y, Sun J, Zhou X, Zhang L, Qiu H, Li H, Cao L, Liu J, Gong Q, Huang X. Brain morphometric abnormalities and their associations with affective symptoms in males with methamphetamine use disorder during abstinence. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1003889. [PMID: 36299549 PMCID: PMC9588977 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1003889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Methamphetamine (METH) use induces neurotoxic effects in brain structures and affective symptoms that persist during abstinence. However, the brain morphometry of individuals with METH use disorder (MUD) remains unclear, as well as their associations with affective symptoms during abstinence. Methods Forty-eight abstinent males with MUD and 66 age-, sex-, and education-matched healthy controls (HCs) underwent high-resolution T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Cortical thickness, surface area, volume, local gyrification index (LGI), and subcortical volume were obtained with FreeSurfer software. Brain morphometry differences between groups and their associations with affective symptoms and drug abuse history within the males with MUD were examined, with intracranial volume, age, and years of education as covariates. Results Compared with the HCs, the individuals with MUD showed a significantly higher LGI in the right cuneus gyrus, left lingual gyrus, bilateral supramarginal gyrus, right inferior parietal gyrus (IPG), and right dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (clusterwise p < 0.05, Monte Carlo-corrected), as well as a smaller volume of the left nucleus accumbens (NAcc) (p < 0.05, FDR-corrected). However, there were no significant group differences in cortical thickness, area or volume. In addition, the LGI in the right IPG was positively associatedwith the severity of depression and anxiety symptoms in MUDs (p < 0.05, FDR-corrected). Conclusion Brain morphometric abnormalities in abstinent males with MUD were characterized by hypergyrification across multiple mid-posterior brain regions anda smaller volume of the left NAcc.Gyrification of the right IPG may be a potential neural substrate underlying the affective symptoms experienced by MUDs during abstinence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Hu
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, Huaxi Magnetic Resonance Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Psychoradiology Research Unit of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, Huaxi Magnetic Resonance Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Psychoradiology Research Unit of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- West China Medical Publishers, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yingxue Gao
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, Huaxi Magnetic Resonance Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Psychoradiology Research Unit of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiayu Sun
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- Department of Psychosomatics, Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Lianqing Zhang
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, Huaxi Magnetic Resonance Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Psychoradiology Research Unit of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui Qiu
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, Huaxi Magnetic Resonance Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Psychoradiology Research Unit of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hailong Li
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, Huaxi Magnetic Resonance Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Psychoradiology Research Unit of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingxiao Cao
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, Huaxi Magnetic Resonance Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Psychoradiology Research Unit of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, Huaxi Magnetic Resonance Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Psychoradiology Research Unit of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, Huaxi Magnetic Resonance Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Psychoradiology Research Unit of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoqi Huang
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Department of Radiology, Huaxi Magnetic Resonance Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Psychoradiology Research Unit of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Biochemical Neuroadaptations in the Rat Striatal Dopaminergic System after Prolonged Exposure to Methamphetamine Self-Administration. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710092. [PMID: 36077488 PMCID: PMC9456063 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Perturbations in striatal dopamine (DA) homeostasis might underlie the behavioral and pathobiological consequences of METH use disorder in humans. To identify potential consequences of long-term METH exposure, we modeled the adverse consequence DSM criterion of substance use disorders by giving footshocks to rats that had escalated their intake of METH during a drug self-administration procedure. Next, DA D1 receptor antagonist, SCH23390 was injected. Thereafter, rats were euthanized to measure several indices of the striatal dopaminergic system. Footshocks split the METH rats into two phenotypes: (i) shock-sensitive that decreased their METH-intake and (ii) shock-resistant that continued their METH intake. SCH23390 caused substantial dose-dependent reduction of METH taking in both groups. Stopping SCH23390 caused re-emergence of compulsive METH taking in shock-resistant rats. Compulsive METH takers also exhibited greater incubation of METH seeking than non-compulsive rats during withdrawal from METH SA. Analyses of DA metabolism revealed non-significant decreases (about 35%) in DA levels in resistant and sensitive rats. However, striatal contents of the deaminated metabolites, DOPAL and DOPAC, were significantly increased in sensitive rats. VMAT2 and DAT protein levels were decreased in both phenotypes. Moreover, protein expression levels of the D1-like DA receptor, D5R, and D2-like DA receptors, D3R and D4R, were significantly decreased in the compulsive METH takers. Our results parallel findings in post-mortem striatal tissues of human METH users who develop Parkinsonism after long-term METH intake and support the use of this model to investigate potential therapeutic interventions for METH use disorder.
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Lenzi P, Biagioni F, Busceti CL, Lazzeri G, Polzella M, Frati A, Ferrucci M, Fornai F. Alterations of Mitochondrial Structure in Methamphetamine Toxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23168926. [PMID: 36012188 PMCID: PMC9408775 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence shows that methamphetamine (METH) produces mitochondrial alterations that contribute to neurotoxicity. Nonetheless, most of these studies focus on mitochondrial activity, whereas mitochondrial morphology remains poorly investigated. In fact, morphological evidence about the fine structure of mitochondria during METH toxicity is not available. Thus, in the present study we analyzed dose-dependent mitochondrial structural alterations during METH exposure. Light and transmission electron microscopy were used, along with ultrastructural stoichiometry of catecholamine cells following various doses of METH. In the first part of the study cell death and cell degeneration were assessed and they were correlated with mitochondrial alterations observed using light microscopy. In the second part of the study, ultrastructural evidence of specific mitochondrial alterations of crests, inner and outer membranes and matrix were quantified, along with in situ alterations of mitochondrial proteins. Neurodegeneration induced by METH correlates significantly with specific mitochondrial damage, which allows definition of a scoring system for mitochondrial integrity. In turn, mitochondrial alterations are concomitant with a decrease in fission/mitophagy protein Fis1 and DRP1 and an increase in Pink1 and Parkin in situ, at the mitochondrial level. These findings provide structural evidence that mitochondria represent both direct and indirect targets of METH-induced toxicity
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Lenzi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Biagioni
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (I.R.C.C.S.) Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Carla L. Busceti
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (I.R.C.C.S.) Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Gloria Lazzeri
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Maico Polzella
- Aliveda Laboratories, Viale Karol Wojtyla, 19, 56042 Crespina Lorenzana, Italy
| | - Alessandro Frati
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (I.R.C.C.S.) Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
- Neurosurgery Division, Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University, 00135 Roma, Italy
| | - Michela Ferrucci
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Fornai
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (I.R.C.C.S.) Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +39-050-2218667
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18
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Dutta A, Phukan BC, Roy R, Mazumder MK, Paul R, Choudhury A, Kumar D, Bhattacharya P, Nath J, Kumar S, Borah A. Garcinia morella extract confers dopaminergic neuroprotection by mitigating mitochondrial dysfunctions and inflammation in mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:1887-1900. [PMID: 35622265 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-01001-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Dopaminergic neuroprotection is the main interest in designing novel therapeutics against Parkinson's disease (PD). In the process of dopaminergic degeneration, mitochondrial dysfunctions and inflammation are significant. While the existing drugs provide symptomatic relief against PD, a therapy conferring total neuroprotection by targeting multiple degenerative pathways is still lacking. Garcinia morella is a common constituent of Ayurvedic medication and has been used for the treatment of inflammatory disorders. The present study investigates whether administration of G. morella fruit extract (GME) in MPTP mouse model of PD protects against dopaminergic neurodegeneration, including the underlying pathophysiologies, and reverses the motor behavioural abnormalities. Administration of GME prevented the loss of dopaminergic cell bodies in the substantia nigra and its terminals in the corpus striatum of PD mice. Subsequently, reversal of parkinsonian behavioural abnormalities, viz. akinesia, catalepsy, and rearing, was observed along with the recovery of striatal dopamine and its metabolites in the experimental model. Furthermore, reduced activity of the mitochondrial complex II in the nigrostriatal pathway of brain of the mice was restored after the administration of GME. Also, MPTP-induced enhanced activation of Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in the nigrostriatal pathway, which are the markers of inflammatory stress, were found to be ameliorated on GME treatment. Thus, our study presented a novel mode of dopaminergic neuroprotection by G. morella in PD by targeting the mitochondrial dysfunctions and neuroinflammation, which are considered to be intricately associated with the loss of dopaminergic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankumoni Dutta
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, 788011, Assam, India
- Department of Zoology, Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya Adarsha Mahavidyalaya (PDUAM), Behali, Biswanath, Assam, India
| | - Banashree Chetia Phukan
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, 788011, Assam, India
| | - Rubina Roy
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, 788011, Assam, India
| | | | - Rajib Paul
- Department of Zoology, Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya Adarsha Mahavidyalaya (PDUAM), Eraligool, Karimganj, Assam, India
| | | | - Diwakar Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
| | - Pallab Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Joyobrato Nath
- Department of Zoology, Cachar College, Silchar, Assam, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, 788011, Assam, India.
| | - Anupom Borah
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, 788011, Assam, India.
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Du Y, Choi S, Pilski A, Graves SM. Differential vulnerability of locus coeruleus and dorsal raphe neurons to chronic methamphetamine-induced degeneration. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:949923. [PMID: 35936499 PMCID: PMC9354074 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.949923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (meth) increases monoamine oxidase (MAO)-dependent mitochondrial stress in axons of substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc), and ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine neurons. Chronic administration of meth results in SNc degeneration and MAO inhibition is neuroprotective, whereas, the VTA is resistant to degeneration. This differential vulnerability is attributed, at least in part, to the presence of L-type Ca2+ channel-dependent mitochondrial stress in SNc but not VTA dopamine neurons. MAO is also expressed in other monoaminergic neurons such as noradrenergic locus coeruleus (LC) and serotonergic dorsal raphe (DR) neurons. The impact of meth on mitochondrial stress in LC and DR neurons is unknown. In the current study we used a genetically encoded redox biosensor to investigate meth-induced MAO-dependent mitochondrial stress in LC and DR neurons. Similar to SNc and VTA neurons, meth increased MAO-dependent mitochondrial stress in axonal but not somatic compartments of LC norepinephrine and DR serotonin neurons. Chronic meth administration (5 mg/kg; 28-day) resulted in degeneration of LC neurons and MAO inhibition was neuroprotective whereas DR neurons were resistant to degeneration. Activating L-type Ca2+ channels increased mitochondrial stress in LC but not DR axons and inhibiting L-type Ca2+ channels in vivo with isradipine prevented meth-induced LC degeneration. These data suggest that similar to recent findings in SNc and VTA dopamine neurons, the differential vulnerability between LC and DR neurons can be attributed to the presence of L-type Ca2+ channel-dependent mitochondrial stress. Taken together, the present study demonstrates that both meth-induced MAO- and L-type Ca2+ channel-dependent mitochondrial stress are necessary for chronic meth-induced neurodegeneration.
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20
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Davis DL, Metzger DB, Vann PH, Wong JM, Subasinghe KH, Garlotte IK, Phillips NR, Shetty RA, Forster MJ, Sumien N. Sex differences in neurobehavioral consequences of methamphetamine exposure in adult mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2022; 239:2331-2349. [PMID: 35347365 PMCID: PMC9232998 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-022-06122-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Recreational and medical use of stimulants is increasing, and their use may increase susceptibility to aging and promote neurobehavioral impairments. The long-term consequences of these psychostimulants and how they interact with age have not been fully studied. OBJECTIVES Our study investigated whether chronic exposure to the prototypical psychostimulant, methamphetamine (METH), at doses designed to emulate human therapeutic dosing, would confer a pro-oxidizing redox shift promoting long-lasting neurobehavioral impairments. METHODS Groups of 4-month-old male and female C57BL/6 J mice were administered non-contingent intraperitoneal injections of either saline or METH (1.4 mg/kg) twice a day for 4 weeks. Mice were randomly assigned to one experimental group: (i) short-term cognitive assessments (at 5 months), (ii) long-term cognitive assessments (at 9.5 months), and (ii) longitudinal motor assessments (at 5, 7, and 9 months). Brain regions were assessed for oxidative stress and markers of neurotoxicity after behavior testing. RESULTS Chronic METH exposure induced short-term effects on associative memory, gait speed, dopamine (DA) signaling, astrogliosis in females, and spatial learning and memory, balance, DA signaling, and excitotoxicity in males. There were no long-term effects of chronic METH on cognition; however, it decreased markers of excitotoxicity in the striatum and exacerbated age-associated motor impairments in males. CONCLUSION In conclusion, cognitive and motor functions were differentially and sex-dependently affected by METH exposure, and oxidative stress did not seem to play a role in the observed behavioral outcomes. Future studies are necessary to continue exploring the long-term neurobehavioral consequences of drug use in both sexes and the relationship between aging and drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delaney L Davis
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, UNT HSC, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Daniel B Metzger
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, UNT HSC, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Philip H Vann
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, UNT HSC, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Jessica M Wong
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, UNT HSC, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Kumudu H Subasinghe
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Genetics, UNT HSC, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Isabelle K Garlotte
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Genetics, UNT HSC, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Nicole R Phillips
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Genetics, UNT HSC, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Ritu A Shetty
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, UNT HSC, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Michael J Forster
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, UNT HSC, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Nathalie Sumien
- Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, UNT HSC, Fort Worth, TX, USA.
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Nam SH, Lim MH, Park TW. Stimulant Induced Movement Disorders in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Soa Chongsonyon Chongsin Uihak 2022; 33:27-34. [PMID: 35418800 PMCID: PMC8984208 DOI: 10.5765/jkacap.210034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Stimulants, such as amphetamine and methylphenidate, are one of the most effective treatment modalities for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and may cause various movement disorders. This review discusses various movement disorders related to stimulant use in the treatment of ADHD. We reviewed the current knowledge on various movement disorders that may be related to the therapeutic use of stimulants in patients with ADHD. Recent findings suggest that the use of stimulants and the onset/aggravation of tics are more likely to be coincidental. In rare cases, stimulants may cause stereotypies, chorea, and dyskinesia, in addition to tics. Some epidemiological studies have suggested that stimulants used for the treatment of ADHD may cause Parkinson’s disease (PD) after adulthood. However, there is still a lack of evidence that the use of stimulants in patients with ADHD may cause PD, and related studies are only in the early stages. As stimulants are one of the most commonly used medications in children and adolescents, close observations and studies are necessary to assess the effects of stimulants on various movement disorders, including tic disorders and Parkinson’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok-Hyun Nam
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - Myung Ho Lim
- Department of Psychology, College of Public Human Resources, Dankook University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Tae Won Park
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Jeonbuk National University College of Medicine, Jeonju, Korea
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22
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Oxytocin, a Novel Treatment for Methamphetamine Use Disorder. Neurol Int 2022; 14:186-198. [PMID: 35225885 PMCID: PMC8883935 DOI: 10.3390/neurolint14010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The treatment of substance abuse with oxytocin is a novel approach to a challenging public health issue that continues to contribute to a growing economic cost for societies worldwide. Methamphetamine addiction is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide, and despite advances in understanding the neurobiology of methamphetamine addiction, treatment options are limited. There are no medications that the Food and Drug Administration currently approves for stimulant use disorder. Off-label use of therapies for stimulant misuse include antidepressants, anxiolytics, and milder stimulants as replacement agents. Due to the shortcomings of these attempts to treat a complicated psychiatric disorder, recent attention to oxytocin therapy (OT) has gained momentum in clinical studies as a possible therapy in the context of social stress, social anxiety, social cognition, and psychosis. Oxytocin produces enhanced connectivity between cortical regions. The results from studies in rodents with OT suggest that central neuromodulation of oxytocin may be beneficial across transition states of stimulant dependence and may alleviate intense withdrawal symptoms. Studies of oxytocin in the context of other drugs of abuse, including cocaine, cannabis, and alcohol, also support the potential of oxytocin to treat stimulant use disorder, methamphetamine type. Methamphetamine abuse continues to be a significant cause of distress and dysfunction throughout the world. The effects of oxytocin on methamphetamine use outlined in this review should act as a catalyst for further investigation into the efficacy of treating stimulant use disorder, methamphetamine type with oxytocin in humans. More human-based research should initiate studies involving the long-term efficacy, side effects, and patient selection.
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23
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Kohno M, Dennis LE, McCready H, Hoffman WF. Dopamine dysfunction in stimulant use disorders: mechanistic comparisons and implications for treatment. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:220-229. [PMID: 34117366 PMCID: PMC8664889 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01180-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine system deficiencies and associated behavioral phenotypes may be a critical barrier to success in treating stimulant use disorders. Similarities in dopamine dysfunction between cocaine and methamphetamine use disorder but also key differences may impact treatment efficacy and outcome. This review will first compare the epidemiology of cocaine and methamphetamine use disorder. A detailed account of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties associated with each drug will then be discussed, with an emphasis on effects on the dopamine system and associated signaling pathways. Lastly, treatment results from pharmacological clinical trials will be summarized along with a more comprehensive review of the involvement of the trace amine-associated receptor on dopamine signaling dysfunction among stimulants and its potential as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milky Kohno
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA. .,Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA. .,Research and Development Service, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA. .,Methamphetamine Abuse Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University and Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA.
| | - Laura E. Dennis
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA,Research & Development Service, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Holly McCready
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA,Research & Development Service, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - William F. Hoffman
- Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA,Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA,Research & Development Service, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon, USA,Mental Health Division, Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon, USA,Methamphetamine Abuse Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University and Veterans Affairs Portland Health Care System, Portland, Oregon, USA
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24
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Du Y, Yang W, Zhang J, Liu J. Changes in ALFF and ReHo values in methamphetamine abstinent individuals based on the Harvard-Oxford atlas: A longitudinal resting-state fMRI study. Addict Biol 2022; 27:e13080. [PMID: 34427375 PMCID: PMC9286454 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (MA) abuse has become a global public health problem due to damage to various systems throughout the body, especially the central nervous system. However, the differences in resting‐state brain function between short‐term and long‐term abstinence, the pros and cons of treatments, and the relationship between resting‐state brain function and behavioral tests are unknown. Sixty‐three MA abstinent individuals were followed up for nearly 1 year and treated with three different methods. The amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuation (ALFF) and regional homogeneity (ReHo) based on the Harvard‐Oxford atlas (HOA) were measured by resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Impulsivity was evaluated by the Barratt Impulsivity Scale‐11 (BIS‐11). Brain regions with significant increases in ALFF and ReHo values in the long‐term abstinent group compared to the short‐term abstinent group were around the right frontal pole (McKetin et al., 2012, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2012.03933.x) and right middle frontal gyrus (Wang et al., 2015, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0133431). There were no significant differences among the three groups that experienced long‐term abstinence. The changes in ALFF and ReHo in the right middle frontal gyrus were significantly associated with BIS total scores, BIS attention scores, and BIS nonplanning scores. The right middle frontal gyrus is a critical region in MA long‐term abstinent individuals exposed to therapeutic intervention, and this region may be useful, when combined with BIS‐11, as a potential biomarker to identify the effect of abstinence with therapeutic intervention in MA individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyao Du
- Department of Radiology Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha China
| | - Wenhan Yang
- Department of Radiology Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Detoxification Treatment Technology Hunan Judicial Police Vocational College Changsha China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Radiology Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha China
- Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging in Hunan Province Changsha China
- Department of Radiology Quality Control Center Changsha China
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25
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Bedrossiantz J, Bellot M, Dominguez-García P, Faria M, Prats E, Gómez-Canela C, López-Arnau R, Escubedo E, Raldúa D. A Zebrafish Model of Neurotoxicity by Binge-Like Methamphetamine Exposure. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:770319. [PMID: 34880760 PMCID: PMC8646101 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.770319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperthermia is a common confounding factor for assessing the neurotoxic effects of methamphetamine (METH) in mammalian models. The development of new models of methamphetamine neurotoxicity using vertebrate poikilothermic animals should allow to overcome this problem. The aim of the present study was to develop a zebrafish model of neurotoxicity by binge-like methamphetamine exposure. After an initial testing at 20 and 40 mg/L for 48 h, the later METH concentration was selected for developing the model and the effects on the brain monoaminergic profile, locomotor, anxiety-like and social behaviors as well as on the expression of key genes of the catecholaminergic system were determined. A concentration- and time-dependent decrease in the brain levels of dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE) and serotonin (5-HT) was found in METH-exposed fish. A significant hyperactivity was found during the first hour of exposure, followed 3 h after by a positive geotaxis and negative scototaxis in the novel tank and in the light/dark paradigm, respectively. Moreover, the behavioral phenotype in the treated fish was consistent with social isolation. At transcriptional level, th1 and slc18a2 (vmat2) exhibited a significant increase after 3 h of exposure, whereas the expression of gfap, a marker of astroglial response to neuronal injury, was strongly increased after 48 h exposure. However, no evidences of oxidative stress were found in the brain of the treated fish. Altogether, this study demonstrates the suitability of the adult zebrafish as a model of METH-induced neurotoxicity and provides more information about the biochemical and behavioral consequences of METH abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Bedrossiantz
- Institute for Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marina Bellot
- Department of Analytical and Applied Chemistry (Chromatography Section), School of Engineering, Institut Químic de Sarrià-Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pol Dominguez-García
- Department of Analytical and Applied Chemistry (Chromatography Section), School of Engineering, Institut Químic de Sarrià-Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Melissa Faria
- Institute for Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Prats
- Research and Development Center (CID-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristian Gómez-Canela
- Department of Analytical and Applied Chemistry (Chromatography Section), School of Engineering, Institut Químic de Sarrià-Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raul López-Arnau
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Pharmacology Section and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Escubedo
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Pharmacology Section and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Demetrio Raldúa
- Institute for Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
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26
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Xu Y, Wang S, Chen L, Shao Z, Zhang M, Liu S, Wen X, Li Y, Yang W, Tang F, Luo J, Fan L, Yan C, Liu J, Yuan K. Reduced midbrain functional connectivity and recovery in abstinent heroin users. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 144:168-176. [PMID: 34662755 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dopaminergic pathways from the midbrain to striatum as well as cortex are involved in addiction. However, the alternations of these pathways and whether the recoveries of aberrant circuits would be detected after prolonged abstinence in heroin users are rarely known. The resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) patterns of midbrain (i.e., the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and substantia nigra (SN)) were compared between 40 abstinent heroin users with opioid use disorder (HUs) and 35 healthy controls (HCs). Then, we tested the functional recovery hypothesis by both cross-sectional and longitudinal design. For cross-sectional design, HUs were separated into short-term abstainers (STs) (3-15 days) and long-term abstainers (LTs) (>15 days). With regard to longitudinal design, 22 subjects among HUs were followed up for 10 months. A sandwich estimator method was used to analyze the differences between baseline HUs and follow-up HUs. HUs showed lower RSFC between midbrain and several cortical areas (medial orbitofrontal cortex (mOFC) and anterior cingulate cortex) compared with HCs. Besides, lower RSFC of VTA-right nucleus accumbens circuit as well as right SN- caudate circuit was also found in HUs. The enhanced RSFC value of VTA-left mOFC circuit was observed in LTs, compared with STs. Additionally, longitudinal design also revealed the increased RSFC values of the midbrain with frontal cortex after 10 months prolonged abstinence. We revealed abnormal functional organizations of midbrain-striato and midbrain-cortical circuits in HUs. More importantly, partially recovery of these dysfunctions can be found after long-term abstinence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shicong Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Longmao Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ziqiang Shao
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shuang Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinwen Wen
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yangding Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Language Information Processing, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wenhan Yang
- Department of Radiology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Fei Tang
- Department of Radiology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Department of Radiology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Li Fan
- Department of Radiology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Cui Yan
- Department of Radiology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Radiology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Kai Yuan
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Engineering Research Center of Molecular and Neuro Imaging Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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27
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Du Y, Lee YB, Graves SM. Chronic methamphetamine-induced neurodegeneration: Differential vulnerability of ventral tegmental area and substantia nigra pars compacta dopamine neurons. Neuropharmacology 2021; 200:108817. [PMID: 34610287 PMCID: PMC8556701 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (meth) increases monoamine oxidase (MAO)-dependent mitochondrial stress in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) axons; chronic administration produces SNc degeneration that is prevented by MAO inhibition suggesting that MAO-dependent axonal mitochondrial stress is a causal factor. To test whether meth similarly increases mitochondrial stress in ventral tegmental area (VTA) axons, we used a genetically encoded redox biosensor to assess mitochondrial stress ex vivo. Meth increased MAO-dependent mitochondrial stress in both SNc and VTA axons. However, despite having the same meth-induced stress as SNc neurons, VTA neurons were resistant to chronic meth-induced degeneration indicating that meth-induced MAO-dependent mitochondrial stress in axons was necessary but not sufficient for degeneration. To determine whether L-type Ca2+ channel-dependent stress differentiates SNc and VTA axons, as reported in the soma, the L-type Ca2+ channel activator Bay K8644 was used. Opening L-type Ca2+ channels increased axonal mitochondrial stress in SNc but not VTA axons. To first determine whether mitochondrial stress was necessary for SNc degeneration, mice were treated with the mitochondrial antioxidant mitoTEMPO. Chronic meth-induced SNc degeneration was prevented by mitoTEMPO thereby confirming the necessity of mitochondrial stress. Similar to results with the antioxidant, both MAO inhibition and L-type Ca2+ channel inhibition also prevented SNc degeneration. Taken together the presented data demonstrate that both MAO- and L-type Ca2+ channel-dependent mitochondrial stress is necessary for chronic meth-induced degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijuan Du
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - You Bin Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Steven M Graves
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA.
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28
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Chetia Phukan B, Dutta A, Deb S, Saikia R, Mazumder MK, Paul R, Bhattacharya P, Sandhir R, Borah A. Garcinol blocks motor behavioural deficits by providing dopaminergic neuroprotection in MPTP mouse model of Parkinson's disease: involvement of anti-inflammatory response. Exp Brain Res 2021; 240:113-122. [PMID: 34633467 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-021-06237-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Although the etiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) is poorly understood, studies in animal models revealed loss of dopamine and the dopaminergic neurons harbouring the neurotransmitter to be the principal cause behind this neuro-motor disorder. Neuroinflammation with glial cell activation is suggested to play a significant role in dopaminergic neurodegeneration. Several biomolecules have been reported to confer dopaminergic neuroprotection in different animal models of PD, owing to their anti-inflammatory potentials. Garcinol is a tri-isoprenylated benzophenone isolated from Garcinia sp. and accumulating evidences suggest that this molecule could provide neuroprotection by modulating oxidative stress and inflammation. However, direct evidence of dopaminergic neuroprotection by garcinol in the pre-clinical model of PD is not yet reported. The present study aims to investigate whether administration of garcinol in the MPTP mouse model of PD may ameliorate the cardinal motor behavioural deficits and prevent the loss of dopaminergic neurons. As expected, garcinol blocked the parkinsonian motor behavioural deficits which include akinesia, catalepsy, and rearing anomalies in the mice model. Most importantly, the degeneration of dopaminergic cell bodies in the substantia nigra region was significantly prevented by garcinol. Furthermore, garcinol reduced the inflammatory marker, glial fibrillary acidic protein, in the substantia nigra region. Since glial hyperactivation-mediated inflammation is inevitably associated with the loss of dopaminergic neurons, our study suggests the anti-inflammatory role of garcinol in facilitating dopaminergic neuroprotection in PD mice. Hence, in the light of the present study, it is suggested that garcinol is an effective anti-parkinsonian agent to block motor behavioural deficits and dopaminergic neurodegeneration in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Banashree Chetia Phukan
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, 788011, India
| | - Ankumoni Dutta
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, 788011, India.,Department of Zoology, Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya Adarsha Mahavidyalaya (PDUAM), Bishwanath Chariali, Assam, India
| | - Satarupa Deb
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, 788011, India
| | - Rubul Saikia
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, 788011, India
| | | | - Rajib Paul
- Department of Zoology, Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya Adarsha Mahavidyalaya (PDUAM), Eraligool, Karimganj, Assam, India
| | - Pallab Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Rajat Sandhir
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Anupom Borah
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, 788011, India.
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29
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Zhao W, Zhao YL, Liu M, Liu L, Wang Y. Possible repair mechanisms of renin-angiotensin system inhibitors, matrix metalloproteinase-9 inhibitors and protein hormones on methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:7509-7516. [PMID: 34623593 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06741-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine is a highly addictive central stimulant with extensive and strong neurotoxicity. The neurotoxicity of methamphetamine is closely related to the imbalance of dopamine levels and the destruction of the blood-brain barrier. An increase in dopamine may induce adverse effects such as behavioral sensitization and excessive locomotion. Damage to the blood-brain barrier can cause toxic or harmful substances to leak to the central nervous system, leading to neurotoxicity. The renin-angiotensin system is essential for the regulation of dopamine levels in the brain. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 causes reward effects and behavioral sensitization by inducing dopamine release. Prolactin has been shown to be involved in the regulation of tight junction proteins and the integrity of the blood-brain barrier. At present, the treatment of methamphetamine detoxification is still based on psychotherapy, and there is no specific medicine. With the rapid increase in global seizures of methamphetamine, the treatment of its toxicity has attracted more and more attention. This review intends to summarize the therapeutic mechanisms of renin-angiotensin inhibitors, matrix metalloproteinase-9 inhibitors and protein hormones (prolactin) on methamphetamine neurotoxicity. The repair effects of these three on methamphetamine may be related to the maintenance of brain dopamine balance and the integrity of the blood-brain barrier. This review is expected to provide the new therapeutic strategy of methamphetamine toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- Department of Drug Control, Criminal Investigation Police University of China, Shenyang, 110854, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Ling Zhao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Drug Control, Criminal Investigation Police University of China, Shenyang, 110854, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Lian Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning, People's Republic of China.
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30
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Jayanthi S, Daiwile AP, Cadet JL. Neurotoxicity of methamphetamine: Main effects and mechanisms. Exp Neurol 2021; 344:113795. [PMID: 34186102 PMCID: PMC8338805 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is an illicit psychostimulant that is abused throughout the world. METH addiction is also a major public health concern and the abuse of large doses of the drug is often associated with serious neuropsychiatric consequences that may include agitation, anxiety, hallucinations, paranoia, and psychosis. Some human methamphetamine users can also suffer from attention, memory, and executive deficits. METH-associated neurological and psychiatric complications might be related, in part, to METH-induced neurotoxic effects. Those include altered dopaminergic and serotonergic functions, neuronal apoptosis, astrocytosis, and microgliosis. Here we have endeavored to discuss some of the main effects of the drug and have presented the evidence supporting certain of the molecular and cellular bases of METH neurotoxicity. The accumulated evidence suggests the involvement of transcription factors, activation of dealth pathways that emanate from mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and a role for neuroinflammatory mechanisms. Understanding the molecular processes involved in METH induced neurotoxicity should help in developing better therapeutic approaches that might also serve to attenuate or block the biological consequences of use of large doses of the drug by some humans who meet criteria for METH use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subramaniam Jayanthi
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, NIDA Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States of America
| | - Atul P Daiwile
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, NIDA Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States of America
| | - Jean Lud Cadet
- Molecular Neuropsychiatry Research Branch, NIDA Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States of America.
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31
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Ferrucci M, Biagioni F, Busceti CL, Vidoni C, Castino R, Isidoro C, Ryskalin L, Frati A, Puglisi-Allegra S, Fornai F. Inhibition of Autophagy In Vivo Extends Methamphetamine Toxicity to Mesencephalic Cell Bodies. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14101003. [PMID: 34681227 PMCID: PMC8538796 DOI: 10.3390/ph14101003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine (METH) is a widely abused psychostimulant and a stress-inducing compound, which leads to neurotoxicity for nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) terminals in rodents and primates including humans. In vitro studies indicate that autophagy is a strong modulator of METH toxicity. In detail, suppressing autophagy increases METH toxicity, while stimulating autophagy prevents METH-induced toxicity in cell cultures. In the present study, the role of autophagy was investigated in vivo. In the whole brain, METH alone destroys meso-striatal DA axon terminals, while fairly sparing DA cell bodies within substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). No damage to either cell bodies or axons from ventral tegmental area (VTA) is currently documented. According to the hypothesis that ongoing autophagy prevents METH-induced DA toxicity, we tested whether systemic injection of autophagy inhibitors such as asparagine (ASN, 1000 mg/Kg) or glutamine (GLN, 1000 mg/Kg), may extend METH toxicity to DA cell bodies, both within SNpc and VTA, where autophagy was found to be inhibited. When METH (5 mg/Kg × 4, 2 h apart) was administered to C57Bl/6 mice following ASN or GLN, a frank loss of cell bodies takes place within SNpc and a loss of both axons and cell bodies of VTA neurons is documented. These data indicate that, ongoing autophagy protects DA neurons and determines the refractoriness of cell bodies to METH-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Ferrucci
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.F.); (L.R.)
| | - Francesca Biagioni
- I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Isernia, Italy; (F.B.); (C.L.B.); (A.F.); (S.P.-A.)
| | - Carla L. Busceti
- I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Isernia, Italy; (F.B.); (C.L.B.); (A.F.); (S.P.-A.)
| | - Chiara Vidoni
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via P. Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy; (C.V.); (R.C.); (C.I.)
| | - Roberta Castino
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via P. Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy; (C.V.); (R.C.); (C.I.)
| | - Ciro Isidoro
- Department of Health Sciences, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via P. Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy; (C.V.); (R.C.); (C.I.)
| | - Larisa Ryskalin
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.F.); (L.R.)
| | - Alessandro Frati
- I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Isernia, Italy; (F.B.); (C.L.B.); (A.F.); (S.P.-A.)
- Neurosurgery Division, Human Neurosciences Department, Sapienza University, 00135 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Puglisi-Allegra
- I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Isernia, Italy; (F.B.); (C.L.B.); (A.F.); (S.P.-A.)
| | - Francesco Fornai
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.F.); (L.R.)
- I.R.C.C.S. Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Isernia, Italy; (F.B.); (C.L.B.); (A.F.); (S.P.-A.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +39-050-2218601
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Ryskalin L, Biagioni F, Busceti CL, Polzella M, Lenzi P, Frati A, Ferrucci M, Fornai F. Lactoferrin Protects against Methamphetamine Toxicity by Modulating Autophagy and Mitochondrial Status. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103356. [PMID: 34684361 PMCID: PMC8537867 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactoferrin (LF) was used at first as a vehicle to deliver non-soluble active compounds to the body, including the central nervous system (CNS). Nonetheless, it soon became evident that, apart from acting as a vehicle, LF itself owns active effects in the CNS. In the present study, the effects of LF are assessed both in baseline conditions, as well as to counteract methamphetamine (METH)-induced neurodegeneration by assessing cell viability, cell phenotype, mitochondrial status, and specific autophagy steps. In detail, cell integrity in baseline conditions and following METH administration was carried out by using H&E staining, Trypan blue, Fluoro Jade B, and WST-1. Western blot and immuno-fluorescence were used to assess the expression of the neurofilament marker βIII-tubulin. Mitochondria were stained using Mito Tracker Red and Green and were further detailed and quantified by using transmission electron microscopy. Autophagy markers were analyzed through immuno-fluorescence and electron microscopy. LF counteracts METH-induced degeneration. In detail, LF significantly attenuates the amount of cell loss and mitochondrial alterations produced by METH; and mitigates the dissipation of autophagy-related proteins from the autophagy compartment, which is massively induced by METH. These findings indicate a protective role of LF in the molecular mechanisms of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisa Ryskalin
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.R.); (P.L.); (M.F.)
| | - Francesca Biagioni
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (I.R.C.C.S.) Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (F.B.); (C.L.B.); (A.F.)
| | - Carla L. Busceti
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (I.R.C.C.S.) Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (F.B.); (C.L.B.); (A.F.)
| | - Maico Polzella
- Aliveda Laboratories, Viale Karol Wojtyla, 19, 56042 Crespina Lorenzana, Italy;
| | - Paola Lenzi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.R.); (P.L.); (M.F.)
| | - Alessandro Frati
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (I.R.C.C.S.) Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (F.B.); (C.L.B.); (A.F.)
- Neurosurgery Division, Human Neurosciences Department, Sapienza University, 00135 Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Ferrucci
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.R.); (P.L.); (M.F.)
| | - Francesco Fornai
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Via Roma 55, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (L.R.); (P.L.); (M.F.)
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (I.R.C.C.S.) Neuromed, Via Atinense 18, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (F.B.); (C.L.B.); (A.F.)
- Correspondence:
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Altered fecal microbiota composition in individuals who abuse methamphetamine. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18178. [PMID: 34518605 PMCID: PMC8437956 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97548-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As a severe public health problem, methamphetamine (METH) abuse places a heavy burden on families and society. A growing amount of evidence has indicated communication between gut microbiota and the CNS in drug addiction, with associations to neural, endocrine and immune pathways. Thus, we searched for alterations in the gut microbiota and their potential effects in METH users through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. A decreased Shannon index indicated lower bacterial diversity in the METH users than in the age-matched control group. The gut microbial community composition in the METH users was also altered, including reductions in Deltaproteobacteria and Bacteroidaceae abundances and increases in Sphingomonadales, Xanthomonadales, Romboutsia and Lachnospiraceae abundances. Moreover, the Fusobacteria abundance was correlated with the duration of METH use. Enterobacteriaceae, Ruminococcaceae, Bacteroides, and Faecalibacterium had statistically significant correlations with items related to the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia and to general psychopathology in the METH users, and all have previously been reported to be altered in individuals with psychotic syndromes, especially depression. Abstraction, one of the items of the cognitive assessment, was positively related to Blautia. These findings revealed alterations in the gut microbiota of METH users, and these alterations may play a role in psychotic syndrome and cognitive impairment. Although the mechanisms behind the links between these disorders and METH abuse are unknown, the relationships may indicate similarities in the pathogenesis of psychosis induced by METH abuse and other causes, providing a new paradigm for addiction and METH use disorder treatment.
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Greening DW, Notaras M, Chen M, Xu R, Smith JD, Cheng L, Simpson RJ, Hill AF, van den Buuse M. Chronic methamphetamine interacts with BDNF Val66Met to remodel psychosis pathways in the mesocorticolimbic proteome. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:4431-4447. [PMID: 31822818 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-019-0617-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Methamphetamine (Meth) abuse has reached epidemic proportions in many countries and can induce psychotic episodes mimicking the clinical profile of schizophrenia. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is implicated in both Meth effects and schizophrenia. We therefore studied the long-term effects of chronic Meth exposure in transgenic mice engineered to harbor the human BDNFVal66Met polymorphism expressed via endogenous mouse promoters. These mice were chronically treated with an escalating Meth regime during late adolescence. At least 4 weeks later, all hBDNFVal66Met Meth-treated mice exhibited sensitization confirming persistent behavioral effects of Meth. We used high-resolution quantitative mass spectrometry-based proteomics to biochemically map the long-term effects of Meth within the brain, resulting in the unbiased detection of 4808 proteins across the mesocorticolimbic circuitry. Meth differentially altered dopamine signaling markers (e.g., Dat, Comt, and Th) between hBDNFVal/Val and hBDNFMet/Met mice, implicating involvement of BDNF in Meth-induced reprogramming of the mesolimbic proteome. Targeted analysis of 336 schizophrenia-risk genes, as well as 82 growth factor cascade markers, similarly revealed that hBDNFVal66Met genotype gated the recruitment of these factors by Meth in a region-specific manner. Cumulatively, these data represent the first comprehensive analysis of the long-term effects of chronic Meth exposure within the mesocorticolimbic circuitry. In addition, these data reveal that long-term Meth-induced brain changes are strongly dependent upon BDNF genetic variation, illustrating how drug-induced psychosis may be modulated at the molecular level by a single genetic locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Greening
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Molecular Proteomics, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael Notaras
- Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maoshan Chen
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases (ACBD), Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rong Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Joel D Smith
- Biological Research Unit, Racing Analytical Services Ltd, Flemington, VIC, Australia
| | - Lesley Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Richard J Simpson
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew F Hill
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Maarten van den Buuse
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia.
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Persons AL, Bradaric BD, Kelly LP, Kousik SM, Graves SM, Yamamoto BK, Napier TC. Gut and brain profiles that resemble pre-motor and early-stage Parkinson's disease in methamphetamine self-administering rats. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 225:108746. [PMID: 34098381 PMCID: PMC8483557 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Methamphetamine is a potent psychomotor stimulant, and methamphetamine abusers are up to three times more likely to develop Parkinson's disease (PD) later in life. Prodromal PD may involve gut inflammation and the accumulation of toxic proteins that are transported from the enteric nervous system to the central nervous system to mediate, in part, the degeneration of dopaminergic projections. We hypothesized that self-administration of methamphetamine in rats produces a gut and brain profile that mirrors pre-motor and early-stage PD. METHODS Rats self-administered methamphetamine in daily 3 h sessions for two weeks. Motor function was assessed before self-administration, during self-administration and throughout the 56 days of forced abstinence. Assays for pathogenic markers (tyrosine hydroxylase, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), α-synuclein) were conducted on brain and gut tissue collected at one or 56 days after cessation of methamphetamine self-administration. RESULTS Motor deficits emerged by day 14 of forced abstinence and progressively worsened up to 56 days of forced abstinence. In the pre-motor stage, we observed increased immunoreactivity for GFAP and α-synuclein within the ganglia of the myenteric plexus in the distal colon. Increased α-synuclein was also observed in the substantia nigra pars compacta. At 56 days, GFAP and α-synuclein normalized in the gut, but the accumulation of nigral α-synuclein persisted, and the dorsolateral striatum exhibited a significant loss of tyrosine hydroxylase. CONCLUSION The pre-motor profile is consistent with gut inflammation and gut/brain α-synuclein accumulation associated with prodromal PD and the eventual development of the neurological disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L. Persons
- Department of Pharmacology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612,Department of Physician Assistant Studies, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612,Department of Center for Compulsive Behavior and Addiction, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Brinda D. Bradaric
- Department of Pharmacology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612,Department of Health Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612,Department of Center for Compulsive Behavior and Addiction, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Leo P. Kelly
- Department of Pharmacology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Sharanya M. Kousik
- Department of Pharmacology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612,Department of Center for Compulsive Behavior and Addiction, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Steven M. Graves
- Department of Pharmacology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612,Department of Center for Compulsive Behavior and Addiction, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Bryan K. Yamamoto
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202
| | - T. Celeste Napier
- Department of Pharmacology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612,Department of Center for Compulsive Behavior and Addiction, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
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Graves SM, Schwarzschild SE, Tai RA, Chen Y, Surmeier DJ. Mitochondrial oxidant stress mediates methamphetamine neurotoxicity in substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 156:105409. [PMID: 34082123 PMCID: PMC8686177 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine abuse is associated with an increased risk of developing Parkinson's disease (PD). Recently, it was found that methamphetamine increases mitochondrial oxidant stress in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) dopaminergic neurons by releasing vesicular dopamine (DA) and stimulating mitochondrially-anchored monoamine oxidase (MAO). As mitochondrial oxidant stress is widely thought to be a driver of SNc degeneration in PD, these observations provide a potential explanation for the epidemiological linkage. To test this hypothesis, mice were administered methamphetamine (5 mg/kg) for 28 consecutive days with or without pretreatment with an irreversible MAO inhibitor. Chronic methamphetamine administration resulted in the degeneration of SNc dopaminergic neurons and this insult was blocked by pretreatment with a MAO inhibitor - confirming the linkage between methamphetamine, MAO and SNc degeneration. To determine if shorter bouts of consumption were as damaging, mice were given methamphetamine for two weeks and then studied. Methamphetamine treatment elevated both axonal and somatic mitochondrial oxidant stress in SNc dopaminergic neurons, was associated with a modest but significant increase in firing frequency, and caused degeneration after drug cessation. While axonal stress was sensitive to MAO inhibition, somatic stress was sensitive to Cav1 Ca2+ channel inhibition. Inhibiting either MAO or Cav1 Ca2+ channels after methamphetamine treatment attenuated subsequent SNc degeneration. Our results not only establish a mechanistic link between methamphetamine abuse and PD, they point to pharmacological strategies that could lessen PD risk for patients with a methamphetamine use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Graves
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States of America
| | - Sarah E Schwarzschild
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, United States of America
| | - Rex A Tai
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, United States of America
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, United States of America
| | - D James Surmeier
- Department of Physiology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, United States of America.
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Shin EJ, Jeong JH, Hwang Y, Sharma N, Dang DK, Nguyen BT, Nah SY, Jang CG, Bing G, Nabeshima T, Kim HC. Methamphetamine-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity as a model of Parkinson's disease. Arch Pharm Res 2021; 44:668-688. [PMID: 34286473 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-021-01341-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with a high prevalence, approximately 1 % in the elderly population. Numerous studies have demonstrated that methamphetamine (MA) intoxication caused the neurological deficits and nigrostriatal damage seen in Parkinsonian conditions, and subsequent rodent studies have found that neurotoxic binge administration of MA reproduced PD-like features, in terms of its symptomatology and pathology. Several anti-Parkinsonian medications have been shown to attenuate the motor impairments and dopaminergic damage induced by MA. In addition, it has been recognized that mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, pro-apoptosis, proteasomal/autophagic impairment, and neuroinflammation play important roles in inducing MA neurotoxicity. Importantly, MA neurotoxicity has been shown to share a common mechanism of dopaminergic toxicity with that of PD pathogenesis. This review describes the major findings on the neuropathological features and underlying neurotoxic mechanisms induced by MA and compares them with Parkinsonian pathogenesis. Taken together, it is suggested that neurotoxic binge-type administration of MA in rodents is a valid animal model for PD that may provide knowledge on the neuropathogenesis of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Joo Shin
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, 24341, Chunchon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hoon Jeong
- Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, 06974, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonggwang Hwang
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, 24341, Chunchon, Republic of Korea
| | - Naveen Sharma
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, 24341, Chunchon, Republic of Korea.,Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, 06974, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Duy-Khanh Dang
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, 24341, Chunchon, Republic of Korea.,Pharmacy Faculty, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 900000, Can Tho City, Vietnam
| | - Bao-Trong Nguyen
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, 24341, Chunchon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yeol Nah
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, 05029, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Choon-Gon Jang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, 16419, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Guoying Bing
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, KY, 40536, Lexington, USA
| | - Toshitaka Nabeshima
- Advanced Diagnostic System Research Laboratory, Graduate School of Health Science, Fujita Health University, 470-1192, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Hyoung-Chun Kim
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, 24341, Chunchon, Republic of Korea. .,Neuropsychopharmacology & Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, 24341, Chunchon, Republic of Korea.
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Jones JA, Zuhlsdorff K, Dalley JW. Neurochemical substrates linked to impulsive and compulsive phenotypes in addiction: A preclinical perspective. J Neurochem 2021; 157:1525-1546. [PMID: 33931861 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Drug compulsion manifests in some but not all individuals and implicates multifaceted processes including failures in top-down cognitive control as drivers for the hazardous pursuit of drug use in some individuals. As a closely related construct, impulsivity encompasses rash or risky behaviour without foresight and underlies most forms of drug taking behaviour, including drug use during adverse emotional states (i.e., negative urgency). While impulsive behavioural dimensions emerge from drug-induced brain plasticity, burgeoning evidence suggests that impulsivity also predates the emergence of compulsive drug use. Although the neural substrates underlying the apparently causal relationship between trait impulsivity and drug compulsion are poorly understood, significant advances have come from the interrogation of defined limbic cortico-striatal circuits involved in motivated behaviour and response inhibition, together with chemical neuromodulatory influences from the ascending neurotransmitter systems. We review what is presently known about the neurochemical mediation of impulsivity, in its various forms, and ask whether commonalities exist in the neurochemistry of compulsive drug-motivated behaviours that might explain individual risk for addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolyon A Jones
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Jeffrey W Dalley
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Psychiatry, Hershel Smith Building for Brain and Mind Sciences, Cambridge, UK
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Sharma N, Shin EJ, Pham DT, Sharma G, Dang DK, Duong CX, Kang SW, Nah SY, Jang CG, Lei XG, Nabeshima T, Bing G, Jeong JH, Kim HC. GPx-1-encoded adenoviral vector attenuates dopaminergic impairments induced by methamphetamine in GPx-1 knockout mice through modulation of NF-κB transcription factor. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 154:112313. [PMID: 34082047 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We suggested that selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase (GPx) plays a protective role against methamphetamine (MA)-induced dopaminergic toxicity. We focused on GPx-1, a major selenium-dependent enzyme and constructed a GPx-1 gene-encoded adenoviral vector (Ad-GPx-1) to delineate the role of GPx-1 in MA-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity. Exposure to Ad-GPx-1 significantly induced GPx activity and GPx-1 protein levels in GPx-1-knockout (GPx-1-KO) mice. MA-induced dopaminergic impairments [i.e., hyperthermia; increased nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) DNA-binding activity; and decreased dopamine levels, TH activity, and behavioral activity] were more pronounced in GPx-1-KO mice than in WT mice. In contrast, exposure to Ad-GPx-1 significantly attenuated MA-induced dopaminergic loss in GPx-1-KO mice. The protective effect exerted by Ad-GPx-1 was comparable to that exerted by pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), an NF-κB inhibitor against MA insult. Consistently, GPx-1 overexpression significantly attenuated MA dopaminergic toxicity in mice. PDTC did not significantly impact the protective effect of GPx-1 overexpression, suggesting that interaction between NF-κB and GPx-1 is critical for dopaminergic protection. Thus, NF-κB is a potential therapeutic target for GPx-1-mediated dopaminergic protective activity. This study for the first time demonstrated that Ad-GPx-1 rescued dopaminergic toxicity in vivo following MA insult. Furthermore, GPx-1-associated therapeutic interventions may be important against dopaminergic toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Sharma
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 24341, South Korea; Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Joo Shin
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 24341, South Korea
| | - Duc Toan Pham
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 24341, South Korea
| | - Garima Sharma
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 24341, South Korea
| | - Duy-Khanh Dang
- Pharmacy Faculty, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho City, 900000, Viet Nam
| | - Chu Xuan Duong
- Pharmacy Faculty, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho City, 900000, Viet Nam
| | - Sang Won Kang
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yeol Nah
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Bio/Molecular Informatics Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Choon-Gon Jang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Xin Gen Lei
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Toshitaka Nabeshima
- Advanced Diagnostic System Research Laboratory, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Science, Toyoake, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Guoying Bing
- Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Kentucky Medical Center, Medical Center MN208 800 Rose Strees, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Ji Hoon Jeong
- Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyoung-Chun Kim
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, 24341, South Korea.
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Non-coding RNA: insights into the mechanism of methamphetamine neurotoxicity. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:3319-3328. [PMID: 33895910 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04160-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Chronic exposure of the methamphetamine has been shown to lead to neurotoxicity in rodents and humans. The manifestations of methamphetamine neurotoxicity include methamphetamine use disorder, methamphetamine abuse, methamphetamine addiction and methamphetamine behavioral sensitization. Repeated use of methamphetamine can cause methamphetamine use disorder. The abuse and addiction of methamphetamine are growing epidemic worldwide. Repeated intermittent exposure to methamphetamine can cause behavioral sensitization. In addition, many studies have shown that changes in the expression of non-coding RNA in the ventral tegmental area and nucleus accumbens will affect the behavioral effects of methamphetamine. Non-coding RNA plays an important role in the behavioral effects of methamphetamine. Therefore, it is important to study the relationship between methamphetamine and non-coding RNA. The purpose of this review is to study the non-coding RNA associated with methamphetamine neurotoxicity to search for the possible therapeutic target of the methamphetamine neurotoxicity.
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Namba MD, Leyrer-Jackson JM, Nagy EK, Olive MF, Neisewander JL. Neuroimmune Mechanisms as Novel Treatment Targets for Substance Use Disorders and Associated Comorbidities. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:650785. [PMID: 33935636 PMCID: PMC8082184 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.650785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies examining the neurobiology of substance abuse have revealed a significant role of neuroimmune signaling as a mechanism through which drugs of abuse induce aberrant changes in synaptic plasticity and contribute to substance abuse-related behaviors. Immune signaling within the brain and the periphery critically regulates homeostasis of the nervous system. Perturbations in immune signaling can induce neuroinflammation or immunosuppression, which dysregulate nervous system function including neural processes associated with substance use disorders (SUDs). In this review, we discuss the literature that demonstrates a role of neuroimmune signaling in regulating learning, memory, and synaptic plasticity, emphasizing specific cytokine signaling within the central nervous system. We then highlight recent preclinical studies, within the last 5 years when possible, that have identified immune mechanisms within the brain and the periphery associated with addiction-related behaviors. Findings thus far underscore the need for future investigations into the clinical potential of immunopharmacology as a novel approach toward treating SUDs. Considering the high prevalence rate of comorbidities among those with SUDs, we also discuss neuroimmune mechanisms of common comorbidities associated with SUDs and highlight potentially novel treatment targets for these comorbid conditions. We argue that immunopharmacology represents a novel frontier in the development of new pharmacotherapies that promote long-term abstinence from drug use and minimize the detrimental impact of SUD comorbidities on patient health and treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D. Namba
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | | | - Erin K. Nagy
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - M. Foster Olive
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
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Acute MDPV Binge Paradigm on Mice Emotional Behavior and Glial Signature. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14030271. [PMID: 33809599 PMCID: PMC8002122 DOI: 10.3390/ph14030271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
3,4-Methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV), a widely available synthetic cathinone, is a popular substitute for classical controlled drugs of abuse, such as methamphetamine (METH). Although MDPV poses public health risks, its neuropharmacological profile remains poorly explored. This study aimed to provide evidence on that direction. Accordingly, C57BL/6J mice were exposed to a binge MDPV or METH regimen (four intraperitoneal injections every 2 h, 10 mg/kg). Locomotor, exploratory, and emotional behavior, in addition to striatal neurotoxicity and glial signature, were assessed within 18–24 h, a known time-window encompassing classical amphetamine dopaminergic neurotoxicity. MDPV resulted in unchanged locomotor activity (open field test) and emotional behavior (elevated plus maze, splash test, tail suspension test). Additionally, striatal TH (METH neurotoxicity hallmark), Iba-1 (microglia), GFAP (astrocyte), RAGE, and TLR2/4/7 (immune modulators) protein densities remained unchanged after MDPV-exposure. Expectedly, and in sheer contrast with MDPV, METH resulted in decrease general locomotor activity paralleled by a significant striatal TH depletion, astrogliosis, and microglia arborization alterations (Sholl analysis). This comparative study newly highlights that binge MDPV-exposure comes without evident behavioral, neurochemical, and glial changes at a time-point where METH-induced striatal neurotoxicity is clearly evident. Nevertheless, neuropharmacological MDPV signature needs further profiling at different time-points, regimens, and brain regions.
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Sepulveda M, Manning EE, Gogos A, Hale M, van den Buuse M. Long-term effects of young-adult methamphetamine on dorsal raphe serotonin systems in mice: Role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Brain Res 2021; 1762:147428. [PMID: 33737066 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
To assess the long-term effects of chronic adolescent methamphetamine (METH) treatment on the serotonin system in the brain, we used serotonin-1A receptor (5-HT1A) and serotonin transporter (SERT) autoradiography, and quantitative tryptophan-hydroxylase 2 (TPH2) immunohistochemistry in the raphe nuclei of mice. Because of the modulatory role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) on the serotonin system and the effects of METH, we included both BDNF heterozygous (HET) mice and wildtype (WT) controls. Male and female mice of both genotypes were treated with an escalating METH dose regimen from the age of 6-9 weeks. At least two weeks later, acute locomotor hyperactivity induced by a 5 mg/kg D-amphetamine challenge was significantly enhanced in METH-pretreated mice, showing long-term sensitisation. METH pretreatment caused a small, but significant decrease of 5-HT1A receptor binding in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) of males independent of genotype, but there were no changes in the median raphe nucleus (MRN) or in SERT binding density. METH treatment reduced the number of TPH2 positive cells in ventral subregions of the rostral and medial DRN independent of genotype. METH treatment selectively reduced DRN cell counts in BDNF HET mice compared to wildtype mice in medial and caudal ventrolateral subregions previously associated with panic-like behaviour. The data increase our understanding of the long-term and selective effects of METH on brain serotonin systems. These findings could be relevant for some of the psychosis-like symptoms associated with long-term METH use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Sepulveda
- Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Elizabeth E Manning
- Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrea Gogos
- Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Matthew Hale
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Maarten van den Buuse
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Australia; College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia.
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Fischer KD, Knackstedt LA, Rosenberg PA. Glutamate homeostasis and dopamine signaling: Implications for psychostimulant addiction behavior. Neurochem Int 2021; 144:104896. [PMID: 33159978 PMCID: PMC8489281 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cocaine, amphetamine, and methamphetamine abuse disorders are serious worldwide health problems. To date, there are no FDA-approved medications for the treatment of these disorders. Elucidation of the biochemical underpinnings contributing to psychostimulant addiction is critical for the development of effective therapies. Excitatory signaling and glutamate homeostasis are well known pathophysiological substrates underlying addiction-related behaviors spanning multiple types of psychostimulants. To alleviate relapse behavior to psychostimulants, considerable interest has focused on GLT-1, the major glutamate transporter in the brain. While many brain regions are implicated in addiction behavior, this review focuses on two regions well known for their role in mediating the effects of cocaine and amphetamines, namely the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and the ventral tegmental area (VTA). In addition, because many investigators have utilized Cre-driver lines to selectively control gene expression in defined cell populations relevant for psychostimulant addiction, we discuss potential off-target effects of Cre-recombinase that should be considered in the design and interpretation of such experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn D Fischer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Lori A Knackstedt
- Psychology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Paul A Rosenberg
- Department of Neurology, F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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Abstract
Recent epidemiological evidence indicates that diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with increased risk for diseases of the basal ganglia and cerebellum, including Parkinson's disease (PD). The evidence reviewed here indicates that deficits in striatal dopamine are a shared component of the causal chains that produce these disorders. Neuropsychological studies of adult ADHD, prodromal PD, and early-stage PD reveal similar deficits in executive functions, memory, attention, and inhibition that are mediated by similar neural substrates. These and other findings are consistent with the possibility that ADHD may be part of the PD prodrome. The mechanisms that may mediate the association between PD and ADHD include neurotoxic effects of stimulants, other environmental exposures, and Lewy pathology. Understanding the nature of the association between PD and ADHD may provide insight into the etiology and pathogenesis of both disorders. The possible contribution of stimulants to this association may have important clinical and public health implications.
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Ray LA, Grodin EN. Clinical Neuroscience of Addiction: What Clinical Psychologists Need to Know and Why. Annu Rev Clin Psychol 2021; 17:465-493. [PMID: 33472009 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-081219-114309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The last three decades in psychological research have been marked by interdisciplinary science. Addiction represents a prime example of a disorder marked by a complex interaction among psychosocial and biological factors. This review highlights critical findings in the basic neuroscience of addiction and translates them into clinical language that can inform clinical psychologists in their research, teaching, and practice. From mechanisms of reward processing, learning and memory, allostasis, incentive-sensitization, withdrawal, tolerance, goal-directed decision making, habit learning, genetics, inflammation, and the microbiome, the common theme of this review is to illustrate the clinical utility of basic neuroscience research and to identify opportunities for clinical science. The thoughtful integration of basic and clinical science provides a powerful tool to fulfill the scientific mission of improving health care. Clinical psychologists have a crucial role to play in the translational science of addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara A Ray
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA; .,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.,Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Erica N Grodin
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA;
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Serotonin depletion impairs both Pavlovian and instrumental reversal learning in healthy humans. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:7200-7210. [PMID: 34429517 PMCID: PMC8873011 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01240-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Serotonin is involved in updating responses to changing environmental circumstances. Optimising behaviour to maximise reward and minimise punishment may require shifting strategies upon encountering new situations. Likewise, autonomic responses to threats are critical for survival yet must be modified as danger shifts from one source to another. Whilst numerous psychiatric disorders are characterised by behavioural and autonomic inflexibility, few studies have examined the contribution of serotonin in humans. We modelled both processes, respectively, in two independent experiments (N = 97). Experiment 1 assessed instrumental (stimulus-response-outcome) reversal learning whereby individuals learned through trial and error which action was most optimal for obtaining reward or avoiding punishment initially, and the contingencies subsequently reversed serially. Experiment 2 examined Pavlovian (stimulus-outcome) reversal learning assessed by the skin conductance response: one innately threatening stimulus predicted receipt of an uncomfortable electric shock and another did not; these contingencies swapped in a reversal phase. Upon depleting the serotonin precursor tryptophan-in a double-blind randomised placebo-controlled design-healthy volunteers showed impairments in updating both actions and autonomic responses to reflect changing contingencies. Reversal deficits in each domain, furthermore, were correlated with the extent of tryptophan depletion. Initial Pavlovian conditioning, moreover, which involved innately threatening stimuli, was potentiated by depletion. These results translate findings in experimental animals to humans and have implications for the neurochemical basis of cognitive inflexibility.
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Farnia V, Farshchian F, Farshchian N, Alikhani M, Sadeghi Bahmani D, Brand S. Comparisons of Voxel-Based Morphometric Brain Volumes of Individuals with Methamphetamine-Induced Psychotic Disorder and Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder and Healthy Controls. Neuropsychobiology 2020; 79:170-178. [PMID: 31794972 DOI: 10.1159/000504576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several psychological and neurological pathways are described to explain the emergence and maintenance of psychiatric disorders, and changes in brain volumes and brain activity are observed as correlates of psychiatric disorders. In the present study, we investigated if and to what extent specific voxel-based morphometric brain volume differences could be observed among individuals with methamphetamine-induced psychosis (MAIP) and schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD) compared to healthy controls. METHODS A total of 69 individuals took part in the present study. Of those, 26 were diagnosed with MAIP, 23 with SSD, and 20 were healthy controls. After a thorough psychiatric assessment, participants underwent brain volume measurement. RESULTS Compared to healthy controls, participants with MAIP had smaller volumes for left caudate and left and right parahippocampal gyrus. Compared to healthy controls, participants with SSD had smaller volumes for the gray and white matter, left amygdala, left hippocampus, left parahippocampal gyrus, left putamen, and the total volume. Compared to individuals with MAIP, individuals with SSD had a lower white matter brain volume. CONCLUSIONS The pattern of results suggests that individuals with MAIP and SSD showed specific and regional brain atrophies on the left hemisphere, always compared to healthy controls. Given the cross-sectional design, it remains undisclosed if specific and regional brain atrophies were the cause or the consequence of the psychiatric issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Farnia
- Department of Psychiatry, Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Firoozeh Farshchian
- Department of Psychiatry, Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Nazanin Farshchian
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mostafa Alikhani
- Department of Psychiatry, Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Dena Sadeghi Bahmani
- Department of Psychiatry, Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.,University of Basel, Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), Center for Affective, Stress, and Sleep Disorders (ZASS), Basel, Switzerland.,Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Alzahra Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Serge Brand
- Department of Psychiatry, Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran, .,University of Basel, Psychiatric Clinics (UPK), Center for Affective, Stress, and Sleep Disorders (ZASS), Basel, Switzerland, .,University of Basel, Department of Sport, Exercise, and Health, Division of Sport Science and Psychosocial Health, Basel, Switzerland,
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Amphetamine-induced alteration to gaze parameters: A novel conceptual pathway and implications for naturalistic behavior. Prog Neurobiol 2020; 199:101929. [PMID: 33091542 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2020.101929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Amphetamine produces a multiplicity of well-documented end-order biochemical, pharmacological and biobehavioural effects. Mechanistically, amphetamine downregulates presynaptic and postsynaptic striatal monoamine (primarily dopaminergic) systems, producing alterations to key brain regions which manifest as stereotyped ridged behaviour which occurs under both acute and chronic dosing schedules and persists beyond detoxification. Despite evidence of amphetamine-induced visual attentional dysfunction, no conceptual synthesis has yet captured how characteristic pharmaco-behavioural processes are critically implicated via these pathways, nor described the potential implications for safety-sensitive behaviours. Drawing on known pathomechanisms, we propose a cross-disciplinary, novel conceptual functional system framework for delineating the biobehavioural consequences of amphetamine use on visual attentional capacity and discuss the implications for functional and behavioural outcomes. Specifically, we highlight the manifest implications for behaviours that are conceptually driven and highly dependent on visual information processing for timely execution of visually-guided movements. Following this, we highlight the potential impact on safety-sensitive, but common behaviours, such as driving a motor vehicle. The close pathophysiological relationship between oculomotor control and higher-order cognitive processes further suggests that dynamic measurement of movement related to the motion of the eye (gaze behaviour) may be a simple, effective and direct measure of behavioural performance capabilities in naturalistic settings. Consequently, we discuss the potential efficacy of ocular monitoring for the detection and monitoring of driver states for this drug user group, and potential wider application. Significance statement: We propose a novel biochemical-physiological-behavioural pathway which delineates how amphetamine use critically alters oculomotor function, visual-attentional performance and information processing capabilities. Given the manifest implications for behaviours that are conceptually driven and highly dependent on these processes, we recommend oculography as a novel means of detecting and monitoring gaze behaviours during naturalistic tasks such as driving. Real-word examination of gaze behaviour therefore present as an effective means to detect driver impairment and prevent performance degradation due to these drugs.
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Inflammation but not programmed cell death is activated in methamphetamine-dependent patients: Relevance to the brain function. Int J Psychophysiol 2020; 157:42-50. [PMID: 32976886 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2020.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Animal studies have shown that methamphetamine (MA) induces neurodegeneration through programmed cell death, however, the effects of MA on human brain and the extent of induced neural degeneration is not well understood. Given that the dose and duration of MA administration differ in animals and humans, we evaluated MA effects on active users considering brain damage mechanisms. Nineteen active MA-dependent patients and 18 healthy controls performed the color-word Stroop task, during fMRI and their blood samples were collected. Human enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and quantitative PCR were applied to measure circulating proteins and miRNAs involved in various programmed cell death pathways (apoptosis, necroptosis, and autophagy), brain damage and neuroinflammation. Results showed the performance deficit in color-word Stroop task in MA abusers as well as higher activations of the right inferior and middle temporal gyri detected by fMRI. Structural MRI revealed increased white matter volume in MA-dependent patients in the superior and medial frontal gyri, and left/right middle temporal gyrus. Molecular analyses detected no significant differences in the plasma levels of the studied proteins and miRNAs of MA-dependent patients and controls except the higher levels of MBP, S100B, and TNFα in MA abusers. Results showed that MA induced physiological and structural changes accompanied by inflammation and release of damage-associated molecules in MA-dependent patients.
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