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Hassan AHE, Choi Y, Kim R, Kim HJ, Almatary AM, El-Sayed SM, Lee Y, Lee JK, Park KD, Lee YS. Synthesis and biological evaluation of O 4'-benzyl-hispidol derivatives and analogs as dual monoamine oxidase-B inhibitors and anti-neuroinflammatory agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 110:117826. [PMID: 39004050 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of two series of O4'-benzyl-hispidol derivatives and the analogous corresponding O3'-benzyl derivatives aiming to develop selective monoamine oxidase-B inhibitors endowed with anti-neuroinflammatory activity is reported herein. The first O4'-benzyl-hispidol derivatives series afforded several more potentially active and MAO-B inhibitors than the O3'-benzyl derivatives series. The most potential compound 2e of O4'-benzyl derivatives elicited sub-micromolar MAO-B IC50 of 0.38 µM with a selectivity index >264 whereas most potential compound 3b of O3'-benzyl derivatives showed only 0.95 MAO-B IC50 and a selectivity index >105. Advancement of the most active compounds showing sub-micromolar activities to further cellular evaluations of viability and induced production of pro-neuroinflammatory mediators confirmed compound 2e as a potential lead compound inhibiting the production of the neuroinflammatory mediator nitric oxide significantly by microglial BV2 cells at 3 µM concentration without significant cytotoxicity up to 30 µM. In silico molecular docking study predicted plausible binding modes with MAO enzymes and provided insights at the molecular level. Overall, this report presents compound 2e as a potential lead compound to develop potential multifunctional compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed H E Hassan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonwoo Choi
- Department of Fundamental Pharmaceutical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Rium Kim
- Center for Brain Disorders, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science & Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Jeong Kim
- Center for Brain Disorders, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science & Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Aya M Almatary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University-Egypt, New Damietta 34518, Egypt
| | - Selwan M El-Sayed
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura National University, Gamasa 7731168, Egypt
| | - Yeongae Lee
- Department of Fundamental Pharmaceutical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Kil Lee
- Department of Fundamental Pharmaceutical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Duk Park
- Center for Brain Disorders, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science & Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong Sup Lee
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Department of Fundamental Pharmaceutical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Bernoud-Hubac N, Lo Van A, Lazar AN, Lagarde M. Ischemic Brain Injury: Involvement of Lipids in the Pathophysiology of Stroke and Therapeutic Strategies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:634. [PMID: 38929073 PMCID: PMC11200865 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13060634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a devastating neurological disorder that is characterized by the sudden disruption of blood flow to the brain. Lipids are essential components of brain structure and function and play pivotal roles in stroke pathophysiology. Dysregulation of lipid signaling pathways modulates key cellular processes such as apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress, exacerbating ischemic brain injury. In the present review, we summarize the roles of lipids in stroke pathology in different models (cell cultures, animal, and human studies). Additionally, the potential of lipids, especially polyunsaturated fatty acids, to promote neuroprotection and their use as biomarkers in stroke are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Bernoud-Hubac
- Univ Lyon, INSA Lyon, CNRS, LAMCOS, UMR5259, 69621 Villeurbanne, France; (A.L.V.); (A.-N.L.); (M.L.)
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3
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Unekawa M, Tsukada N, Takizawa T, Tomita Y, Nakahara J, Izawa Y. Striatal Blood Flow Changes by Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion and Its Effect on Neurological Deficits in Mice. Microcirculation 2024:e12861. [PMID: 38762881 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We attempted to record the regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) simultaneously at various regions of the cerebral cortex and the striatum during middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion and to evaluate neurological deficits and infarct formation. METHODS In male C57BL/6J mice, CBF was recorded in three regions including the ipsilateral cerebral cortex and the striatum with laser Doppler flowmeters, and the origin of MCA was occluded with a monofilament suture for 15-90 min. After 48 h, neurological deficits were evaluated, and infarct was examined by triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. RESULTS CBF decrease in the striatum was approximately two-thirds of the MCA-dominant region of the cortex during MCA occlusion. The characteristic CBF fluctuation because of spontaneously occurred spreading depolarization observed throughout the cortex was not found in the striatum. Ischemic foci with slight lower staining to TTC were found in the ipsilateral striatum in MCA-occluded mice for longer than 30 min (n = 54). Twenty-nine among 64 MCA-occluded mice exhibited neurological deficits even in the absence of apparent infarct with minimum staining to TTC in the cortex, and the severity of neurological deficits was not correlated with the size of the cortical infarct. CONCLUSION Neurological deficits might be associated with the ischemic striatum rather than with cortical infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyuki Unekawa
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoki Tsukada
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsubasa Takizawa
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Tomita
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jin Nakahara
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshikane Izawa
- Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
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4
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Wang X, Yu Z, Dong F, Li J, Niu P, Ta Q, Kan J, Ma C, Han M, Yu J, Zhao D, Li J. Clarifying the mechanism of apigenin against blood-brain barrier disruption in ischemic stroke using systems pharmacology. Mol Divers 2024; 28:609-630. [PMID: 36949297 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-023-10607-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Currently, recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) is an effective therapy for ischemic stroke (IS). However, blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption is a serious side effect of rtPA therapy and may lead to patients' death. The natural polyphenol apigenin has a good therapeutic effect on IS. Apigenin has potential BBB protection, but the mechanism by which it protects the BBB integrity is not clear. In this study, we used network pharmacology, bioinformatics, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation to reveal the mechanisms by which apigenin protects the BBB. Among the 146 targets of apigenin for the treatment of IS, 20 proteins were identified as core targets (e.g., MMP-9, TLR4, STAT3). Apigenin protects BBB integrity by inhibiting the activity of MMPs through anti-inflammation and anti-oxidative stress. These mechanisms included JAK/STAT, the toll-like receptor signaling pathway, and Nitrogen metabolism signaling pathways. The findings of this study contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of apigenin in the treatment of BBB disruption and provide ideas for the development of drugs to treat IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Jilin, China
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - ZiQiao Yu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Jilin, China
| | - Fuxiang Dong
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Jilin, China
| | - Jinjian Li
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Jilin, China
| | - Ping Niu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Jilin, China
| | - Qiyi Ta
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Jilin, China
| | - JunMing Kan
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Jilin, China
| | - Chunyu Ma
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Jilin, China
| | - Moxuan Han
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Jilin, China
| | - Junchao Yu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Jilin, China
| | - Dexi Zhao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, Jilin, China.
| | - Jinhua Li
- School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China.
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5
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Teder T, Haeggström JZ, Airavaara M, Lõhelaid H. Cross-talk between bioactive lipid mediators and the unfolded protein response in ischemic stroke. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2023; 168:106760. [PMID: 37331425 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2023.106760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic cerebral stroke is a severe medical condition that affects about 15 million people every year and is the second leading cause of death and disability globally. Ischemic stroke results in neuronal cell death and neurological impairment. Current therapies may not adequately address the deleterious metabolic changes and may increase neurological damage. Oxygen and nutrient depletion along with the tissue damage result in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, including the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR), and neuroinflammation in the affected area and cause cell death in the lesion core. The spatio-temporal production of lipid mediators, either pro-inflammatory or pro-resolving, decides the course and outcome of stroke. The modulation of the UPR as well as the resolution of inflammation promotes post-stroke cellular viability and neuroprotection. However, studies about the interplay between the UPR and bioactive lipid mediators remain elusive and this review gives insights about the crosstalk between lipid mediators and the UPR in ischemic stroke. Overall, the treatment of ischemic stroke is often inadequate due to lack of effective drugs, thus, this review will provide novel therapeutical strategies that could promote the functional recovery from ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarvi Teder
- Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jesper Z Haeggström
- Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikko Airavaara
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Finland; Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Helike Lõhelaid
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Finland; Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Finland.
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Nkiliza A, Huguenard CJ, Aldrich GJ, Ferguson S, Cseresznye A, Darcey T, Evans JE, Dretsch M, Mullan M, Crawford F, Abdullah L. Levels of Arachidonic Acid-Derived Oxylipins and Anandamide Are Elevated Among Military APOE ɛ4 Carriers With a History of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms. Neurotrauma Rep 2023; 4:643-654. [PMID: 37786567 PMCID: PMC10541938 DOI: 10.1089/neur.2023.0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently approved blood biomarkers detect intracranial lesions in adult patients with mild to moderate traumatic brain injury (TBI) acutely post-injury. However, blood biomarkers are still needed to help with a differential diagnosis of mild TBI (mTBI) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) at chronic post-injury time points. Owing to the association between phospholipid (PL) dysfunction and chronic consequences of TBI, we hypothesized that examining bioactive PL metabolites (oxylipins and ethanolamides) would help identify long-term lipid changes associated with mTBI and PTSD. Lipid extracts of plasma from active-duty soldiers deployed to the Iraq/Afghanistan wars (control = 52, mTBI = 21, PTSD = 34, and TBI + PTSD = 13) were subjected to liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis to examine oxylipins and ethanolamides. Linear regression analyses followed by post hoc comparisons were performed to assess the association of these lipids with diagnostic classifications. Significant differences were found in oxylipins derived from arachidonic acid (AA) between controls and mTBI, PTSD, and mTBI + PTSD groups. Levels of AA-derived oxylipins through the cytochrome P450 pathways and anandamide were significantly elevated among mTBI + PTSD patients who were carriers of the apolipoprotein E E4 allele. These studies demonstrate that AA-derived oxylipins and anandamide may be unique blood biomarkers of PTSD and mTBI + PTSD. Further, these AA metabolites may be indicative of an underlying inflammatory process that warrants further investigation. Future validation studies in larger cohorts are required to determine a potential application of this approach in providing a differential diagnosis of mTBI and PTSD in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurore Nkiliza
- Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, Florida, USA
- James A. Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Claire J.C. Huguenard
- Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, Florida, USA
- Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | | | - Scott Ferguson
- Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, Florida, USA
- Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Michael Dretsch
- U.S. Army Medical Research Directorate-West, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Joint Base Lewis-McChord, Washington, USA
- U.S. Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory, Fort Novosel, Alabama, USA
| | - Michael Mullan
- Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, Florida, USA
- James A. Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Fiona Crawford
- Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, Florida, USA
- Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
- James A. Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Laila Abdullah
- Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, Florida, USA
- Open University, Milton Keynes, United Kingdom
- James A. Haley VA Hospital, Tampa, Florida, USA
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7
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Kubota H, Kunisawa K, Wulaer B, Hasegawa M, Kurahashi H, Sakata T, Tezuka H, Kugita M, Nagao S, Nagai T, Furuyashiki T, Narumiya S, Saito K, Nabeshima T, Mouri A. High salt induces cognitive impairment via the interaction of the angiotensin II-AT 1 and prostaglandin E2-EP 1 systems. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:2393-2411. [PMID: 37076133 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE High salt (HS) intake has been associated with hypertension and cognitive impairment. It is well known that the angiotensin II (Ang II)-AT1 receptor and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)-EP1 receptor systems are involved in hypertension and neurotoxicity. However, the involvement of these systems in HS-mediated hypertension and emotional and cognitive impairments remains unclear. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Mice were loaded with HS solution (2% NaCl drinking water) for 12 weeks, and blood pressure was monitored. Subsequently, effects of HS intake on emotional and cognitive function and tau phosphorylation in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (HIP) were investigated. The involvement of Ang II-AT1 and PGE2-EP1 systems in HS-induced hypertension and neuronal and behavioural impairments was examined by treatment with losartan, an AT1 receptor blocker (ARB), or EP1 gene knockout. KEY RESULTS We demonstrate that hypertension and impaired social behaviour and object recognition memory following HS intake may be associated with tau hyperphosphorylation, decreased phosphorylation of Ca2+ /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), and postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95) expression in the PFC and HIP of mice. These changes were blocked by pharmacological treatment with losartan or EP1 receptor gene knockout. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our findings suggest that the interaction of Ang II-AT1 receptor and PGE2-EP1 receptor systems could be novel therapeutic targets for hypertension-induced cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisayoshi Kubota
- Department of Regulatory Science for Evaluation & Development of Pharmaceuticals & Devices, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Science, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kunisawa
- Department of Regulatory Science for Evaluation & Development of Pharmaceuticals & Devices, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Science, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Bolati Wulaer
- Laboratory of Health and Medical Science Innovation (HMSI), Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Science, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masaya Hasegawa
- Department of Regulatory Science for Evaluation & Development of Pharmaceuticals & Devices, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Science, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hitomi Kurahashi
- Department of Regulatory Science for Evaluation & Development of Pharmaceuticals & Devices, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Science, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Sakata
- Department of Regulatory Science for Evaluation & Development of Pharmaceuticals & Devices, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Science, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tezuka
- Department of Cellular Function Analysis, Research Promotion and Support Headquarters, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masanori Kugita
- Education and Research Facility of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Center for Research Promotion and Support, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shizuko Nagao
- Education and Research Facility of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Center for Research Promotion and Support, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Taku Nagai
- Division of Behavioral Neuropharmacology International Center for Brain Science (ICBS), Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Furuyashiki
- Division of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Shuh Narumiya
- Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kuniaki Saito
- Laboratory of Health and Medical Science Innovation (HMSI), Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Science, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Disease Control and Prevention, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Science, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
- Japanese Drug Organization of Appropriate Use and Research, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Nabeshima
- Laboratory of Health and Medical Science Innovation (HMSI), Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Science, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
- Japanese Drug Organization of Appropriate Use and Research, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Akihiro Mouri
- Department of Regulatory Science for Evaluation & Development of Pharmaceuticals & Devices, Fujita Health University Graduate School of Health Science, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
- Japanese Drug Organization of Appropriate Use and Research, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
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8
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Moshkovitz N, Epstein Shochet G, Shitrit D. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and Roflumilast Involvement in IPF Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12393. [PMID: 37569768 PMCID: PMC10418473 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The ECM propagates processes in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), leading to progressive lung scarring. We established an IPF-conditioned matrix (IPF-CM) system as a platform for testing drug candidates. Here, we tested the involvement of a PGE2 and PDE4 inhibitor, Roflumilast, in the IPF-CM system. Primary normal/IPF tissue-derived human lung fibroblasts (N/IPF-HLFs) were cultured on Matrigel and then removed to create the IPF-CM. N-HLFs were exposed to the IPF-CM/N-CM with/without PGE2 (1 nM) and Roflumilast (1 µM) for 24 h. The effect of the IPF-CM on cell phenotype and pro-fibrotic gene expression was tested. In addition, electronic records of 107 patients with up to 15-year follow-up were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were defined as slow/rapid progressors using forced vital capacity (FVC) annual decline. Medication exposure was examined. N-HLFs cultured on IPF-CM were arranged in large aggregates as a result of increased proliferation, migration and differentiation. A PGE2 and Roflumilast combination blocked the large aggregate formation induced by the IPF-CM (p < 0.001) as well as cell migration, proliferation, and pro-fibrotic gene expression. A review of patient records showed that significantly more slow-progressing patients were exposed to NSAIDs (p = 0.003). PGE2/PDE4 signaling may be involved in IPF progression. These findings should be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noa Moshkovitz
- Pulmonary Department, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba 44281, Israel; (N.M.); (G.E.S.)
| | - Gali Epstein Shochet
- Pulmonary Department, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba 44281, Israel; (N.M.); (G.E.S.)
| | - David Shitrit
- Pulmonary Department, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba 44281, Israel; (N.M.); (G.E.S.)
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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9
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Mushtaq U. EP1 receptor: Devil in emperors coat. J Cell Biochem 2023; 124:1105-1114. [PMID: 37450673 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
EP1 receptor belongs to prostanoid receptors and is activated by prostaglandin E2. The receptor performs contrasting functions in central nervous system (CNS) and other tissues. Although the receptor is neurotoxic and proapoptotic in CNS, it has also been reported to act in an antiapoptotic manner by modulating cell survival, proliferation, invasion, and migration in different types of cancers. The receptor mediates its neurotoxic effects by increasing cytosolic Ca2+ levels, leading to the activation of its downstream target, protein kinase C, in different neurological disorders including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, stroke, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and epilepsy. Antagonists ONO-8713, SC51089, and SC51322 against EP1 receptor ameliorate the neurotoxic effect by attenuating the neuroinflammation. The receptor also shows increased expression in different types of cancers and has been found to activate different signaling pathways, which lead to the development, progression, and metastasis of different cancers. The receptor stimulates the cell survival pathway by phosphorylating the AKT and PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10) signaling pathways. Although there are limited studies about this receptor and not a single clinical trial has been targeting the EP1 receptor for different neurological disorders or cancer, the receptor is appearing as a potential candidate for therapeutic targets. The aim of this article is to review the recent progress in understanding the pathogenic roles of EP1 receptors in different pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umar Mushtaq
- Department of Biotechnology, Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, India
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10
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Chen Y, Nagib MM, Yasmen N, Sluter MN, Littlejohn TL, Yu Y, Jiang J. Neuroinflammatory mediators in acquired epilepsy: an update. Inflamm Res 2023; 72:683-701. [PMID: 36745211 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-023-01700-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a group of chronic neurological disorders that have diverse etiologies but are commonly characterized by spontaneous seizures and behavioral comorbidities. Although the mechanisms underlying the epileptic seizures mostly remain poorly understood and the causes often can be idiopathic, a considerable portion of cases are known as acquired epilepsy. This form of epilepsy is typically associated with prior neurological insults, which lead to the initiation and progression of epileptogenesis, eventually resulting in unprovoked seizures. A convergence of evidence in the past two decades suggests that inflammation within the brain may be a major contributing factor to acquired epileptogenesis. As evidenced in mounting preclinical and human studies, neuroinflammatory processes, such as activation and proliferation of microglia and astrocytes, elevated production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, blood-brain barrier breakdown, and upregulation of inflammatory signaling pathways, are commonly observed after seizure-precipitating events. An increased knowledge of these neuroinflammatory processes in the epileptic brain has led to a growing list of inflammatory mediators that can be leveraged as potential targets for new therapies of epilepsy and/or biomarkers that may provide valued information for the diagnosis and prognosis of the otherwise unpredictable seizures. In this review, we mainly focus on the most recent progress in understanding the roles of these inflammatory molecules in acquired epilepsy and highlight the emerging evidence supporting their candidacy as novel molecular targets for new pharmacotherapies of acquired epilepsy and the associated behavioral deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Marwa M Nagib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nelufar Yasmen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Madison N Sluter
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Taylor L Littlejohn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jianxiong Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
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11
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Sharif N. Neuroaxonal and cellular damage/protection by prostanoid receptor ligands, fatty acid derivatives and associated enzyme inhibitors. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:5-17. [PMID: 35799502 PMCID: PMC9241399 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.343887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular and mitochondrial membrane phospholipids provide the substrate for synthesis and release of prostaglandins in response to certain chemical, mechanical, noxious and other stimuli. Prostaglandin D2, prostaglandin E2, prostaglandin F2α, prostaglandin I2 and thromboxane-A2 interact with five major receptors (and their sub-types) to elicit specific downstream cellular and tissue actions. In general, prostaglandins have been associated with pain, inflammation, and edema when they are present at high local concentrations and involved on a chronic basis. However, in acute settings, certain endogenous and exogenous prostaglandins have beneficial effects ranging from mediating muscle contraction/relaxation, providing cellular protection, regulating sleep, and enhancing blood flow, to lowering intraocular pressure to prevent the development of glaucoma, a blinding disease. Several classes of prostaglandins are implicated (or are considered beneficial) in certain central nervous system dysfunctions (e.g., Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and Huntington’s diseases; amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and multiple sclerosis; stroke, traumatic brain injuries and pain) and in ocular disorders (e.g., ocular hypertension and glaucoma; allergy and inflammation; edematous retinal disorders). This review endeavors to address the physiological/pathological roles of prostaglandins in the central nervous system and ocular function in health and disease, and provides insights towards the therapeutic utility of some prostaglandin agonists and antagonists, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and cyclooxygenase inhibitors.
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12
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Advances in NURR1-Regulated Neuroinflammation Associated with Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232416184. [PMID: 36555826 PMCID: PMC9788636 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232416184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation plays a crucial role in the progression of neurodegenerative disorders, particularly Parkinson's disease (PD). Glial cell activation and subsequent adaptive immune involvement are neuroinflammatory features in familial and idiopathic PD, resulting in the death of dopaminergic neuron cells. An oxidative stress response, inflammatory mediator production, and immune cell recruitment and activation are all hallmarks of this activation, leading to chronic neuroinflammation and progressive neurodegeneration. Several studies in PD patients' cerebrospinal fluid and peripheral blood revealed alterations in inflammatory markers and immune cell populations that may lead to or exacerbate neuroinflammation and perpetuate the neurodegenerative process. Most of the genes causing PD are also expressed in astrocytes and microglia, converting their neuroprotective role into a pathogenic one and contributing to disease onset and progression. Nuclear receptor-related transcription factor 1 (NURR1) regulates gene expression linked to dopaminergic neuron genesis and functional maintenance. In addition to playing a key role in developing and maintaining neurotransmitter phenotypes in dopaminergic neurons, NURR1 agonists have been shown to reverse behavioral and histological abnormalities in animal PD models. NURR1 protects dopaminergic neurons from inflammation-induced degeneration, specifically attenuating neuronal death by suppressing the expression of inflammatory genes in microglia and astrocytes. This narrative review highlights the inflammatory changes in PD and the advances in NURR1-regulated neuroinflammation associated with PD. Further, we present new evidence that targeting this inflammation with a variety of potential NURR1 target therapy medications can effectively slow the progression of chronic neuroinflammation-induced PD.
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13
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Gutiérrez IL, Dello Russo C, Novellino F, Caso JR, García-Bueno B, Leza JC, Madrigal JLM. Noradrenaline in Alzheimer's Disease: A New Potential Therapeutic Target. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116143. [PMID: 35682822 PMCID: PMC9181823 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence demonstrates the important role of the noradrenergic system in the pathogenesis of many neurodegenerative processes, especially Alzheimer’s disease, due to its ability to control glial activation and chemokine production resulting in anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. Noradrenaline involvement in this disease was first proposed after finding deficits of noradrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus from Alzheimer’s disease patients. Based on this, it has been hypothesized that the early loss of noradrenergic projections and the subsequent reduction of noradrenaline brain levels contribute to cognitive dysfunctions and the progression of neurodegeneration. Several studies have focused on analyzing the role of noradrenaline in the development and progression of Alzheimer’s disease. In this review we summarize some of the most relevant data describing the alterations of the noradrenergic system normally occurring in Alzheimer’s disease as well as experimental studies in which noradrenaline concentration was modified in order to further analyze how these alterations affect the behavior and viability of different nervous cells. The combination of the different studies here presented suggests that the maintenance of adequate noradrenaline levels in the central nervous system constitutes a key factor of the endogenous defense systems that help prevent or delay the development of Alzheimer’s disease. For this reason, the use of noradrenaline modulating drugs is proposed as an interesting alternative therapeutic option for Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene L. Gutiérrez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (Imas12), Instituto de Investigación Neuroquímica (IUINQ-UCM), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (I.L.G.); (F.N.); (J.R.C.); (B.G.-B.); (J.C.L.)
| | - Cinzia Dello Russo
- Department of Healthcare Surveillance and Bioethics, Section of Pharmacology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology (ISMIB), University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3GL, UK
| | - Fabiana Novellino
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (Imas12), Instituto de Investigación Neuroquímica (IUINQ-UCM), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (I.L.G.); (F.N.); (J.R.C.); (B.G.-B.); (J.C.L.)
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology (IBFM), National Research Council, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Javier R. Caso
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (Imas12), Instituto de Investigación Neuroquímica (IUINQ-UCM), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (I.L.G.); (F.N.); (J.R.C.); (B.G.-B.); (J.C.L.)
| | - Borja García-Bueno
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (Imas12), Instituto de Investigación Neuroquímica (IUINQ-UCM), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (I.L.G.); (F.N.); (J.R.C.); (B.G.-B.); (J.C.L.)
| | - Juan C. Leza
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (Imas12), Instituto de Investigación Neuroquímica (IUINQ-UCM), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (I.L.G.); (F.N.); (J.R.C.); (B.G.-B.); (J.C.L.)
| | - José L. M. Madrigal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (Imas12), Instituto de Investigación Neuroquímica (IUINQ-UCM), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (I.L.G.); (F.N.); (J.R.C.); (B.G.-B.); (J.C.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-91-394-1463
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14
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Transcriptome of human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells in response to 2B protein of enterovirus-A71. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1765. [PMID: 35110649 PMCID: PMC8810792 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05904-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with enterovirus-A71 (EV-A71) can cause hand-foot-mouth disease associated with fatal neurological complications. The host response to EV-A71 has not yet been fully elucidated, thus, hampering the development of a precise therapeutic approach. A nonstructural 2B protein of EV-A71 has been reported to involve with calcium dysregulation and apoptosis induction in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. However, the molecular mechanism has not been delineated. To address this, comprehensive study of the gene expression from SH-SY5Y cells transfected with EV-A71 2B was carried out by RNA sequencing and transcriptomic analysis. It was found that the signature of the upregulated genes of SH-SY5Y cells expressing EV-A71 2B involved the Ca2+-related signaling pathways participating gene expression, inflammatory response, apoptosis, and long-term potentiation of the neuron. Protein-protein interaction network analysis revealed that the products encoded by CCL2, RELB, BIRC3, and TNFRSF9 were the most significant hub proteins in the network. It indicated that EV-A71 2B protein might play a role in immunopathogenesis of the central nervous system (CNS) which probably associated with the non-canonical NF-κB pathway. The data suggest that transcriptomic profiling can provide novel information source for studying the neuropathogenesis of EV-A71 infection leading to development of an effective therapeutic measure for CNS complications.
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Li L, Yasmen N, Hou R, Yang S, Lee JY, Hao J, Yu Y, Jiang J. Inducible Prostaglandin E Synthase as a Pharmacological Target for Ischemic Stroke. Neurotherapeutics 2022; 19:366-385. [PMID: 35099767 PMCID: PMC9130433 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-022-01191-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
As the inducible terminal enzyme for prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) synthesis, microsomal PGE synthase-1 (mPGES-1) contributes to neuroinflammation and secondary brain injury after cerebral ischemia via producing excessive PGE2. However, a proof of concept that mPGES-1 is a therapeutic target for ischemic stroke has not been established by a pharmacological strategy mainly due to the lack of drug-like mPGES-1 inhibitors that can be used in relevant rodent models. To this end, we recently developed a series of novel small-molecule compounds that can inhibit both human and rodent mPGES-1. In this study, blockade of mPGES-1 by our several novel compounds abolished the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced PGE2 and pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in mouse primary brain microglia. Inhibition of mPGES-1 also decreased PGE2 produced by neuronal cells under oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) stress. Among the five enzymes for PGE2 biosynthesis, mPGES-1 was the most induced one in cerebral ischemic lesions. Systemic treatment with our lead compound MPO-0063 (5 or 10 mg/kg, i.p.) in mice after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) improved post-stroke well-being, decreased infarction and edema, suppressed induction of brain cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α), alleviated locomotor dysfunction and anxiety-like behavior, and reduced the long-term cognitive impairments. The therapeutic effects of MPO-0063 in this proof-of-concept study provide the first pharmacological evidence that mPGES-1 represents a feasible target for delayed, adjunct treatment - along with reperfusion therapies - for acute brain ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lexiao Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Discovery Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Nelufar Yasmen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Discovery Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Ruida Hou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Discovery Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Seyoung Yang
- Research Institute for Basic Sciences and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yeol Lee
- Research Institute for Basic Sciences and Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiukuan Hao
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Discovery Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Jianxiong Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Discovery Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.
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16
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Li J, Du L, He JN, Chu KO, Guo CL, Wong MOM, Pang CP, Chu WK. Anti-inflammatory Effects of GTE in Eye Diseases. Front Nutr 2021; 8:753955. [PMID: 34966770 PMCID: PMC8711650 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.753955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocular inflammation is a common complication of various eye diseases with wide consequences from irritations to potentially sight-threatening complications. Green tea is a popular beverage throughout the world. One of the proven health benefits of consuming green tea extract (GTE) is anti-inflammation. Catechins are the biologically active constituents of GTE. In in vitro and in vivo studies, GTE and catechins present inhibition of inflammatory responses in the development of ocular inflammation including infectious, non-infectious or autoimmune, and oxidative-induced complications. Research on the ocular inflammation in animal models has made significant progress in the past decades and several key disease mechanisms have been identified. Here we review the experimental investigations on the effects of GTE and catechins on various ocular inflammation related diseases including glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, uveitis and ocular surface inflammation. We also review the pharmacokinetics of GTE constituents and safety of green tea consumption. We discuss the insights and perspectives of these experimental results, which would be useful for future development of novel therapeutics in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lin Du
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jing Na He
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kai On Chu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Cosmos Liutao Guo
- Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery Programme, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mandy Oi Man Wong
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chi Pui Pang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wai Kit Chu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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17
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Cepparulo P, Cuomo O, Vinciguerra A, Torelli M, Annunziato L, Pignataro G. Hemorrhagic Stroke Induces a Time-Dependent Upregulation of miR-150-5p and miR-181b-5p in the Bloodstream. Front Neurol 2021; 12:736474. [PMID: 34777204 PMCID: PMC8580415 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.736474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, the only effective pharmacological treatment for ischemic stroke is limited to the clinical use of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA), although endovascular therapy has also emerged as an effective treatment for acute ischemic stroke. Unfortunately, the benefit of this treatment is limited to a 4.5-h time window. Most importantly, the use of rtPA is contraindicated in the case of hemorrhagic stroke. Therefore, the identification of a reliable biomarker to distinguish hemorrhagic from ischemic stroke could provide several advantages, including an earlier diagnosis, a better treatment, and a faster decision on ruling out hemorrhage so that tPA may be administered earlier. microRNAs (miRNAs) are stable non-coding RNAs crucially involved in the downregulation of gene expression via mRNA cleavage or translational repression. In the present paper, taking advantage of three preclinical animal models of stroke, we compared the miRNA blood levels of animals subjected to permanent or transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) or to collagenase-induced hemorrhagic stroke. Preliminarily, we examined the rat miRNome in the brain tissue of ischemic and sham-operated rats; then, we selected those miRNAs whose expression was significantly modulated after stroke to create a list of miRNAs potentially involved in stroke damage. These selected miRNAs were then evaluated at different time intervals in the blood of rats subjected to permanent or transient focal ischemia or to hemorrhagic stroke. We found that four miRNAs-miR-16-5p, miR-101a-3p, miR-218-5p, and miR-27b-3p-were significantly upregulated in the plasma of rats 3 h after permanent MCAO, whereas four other different miRNAs-miR-150-5p, let-7b-5p, let-7c-5p, and miR-181b-5p-were selectively upregulated by collagenase-induced hemorrhagic stroke. Collectively, our study identified some selective miRNAs expressed in the plasma of hemorrhagic rats and pointed out the importance of a precise time point measurement to render more reliable the use of miRNAs as stroke biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Cepparulo
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Ornella Cuomo
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Vinciguerra
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Monica Torelli
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Lucio Annunziato
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico SDN Napoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Pignataro
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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18
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El-Ansary A, Alhakbany M, Aldbass A, Qasem H, Al-Mazidi S, Bhat RS, Al-Ayadhi L. Alpha-Synuclein, cyclooxygenase-2 and prostaglandins-EP2 receptors as neuroinflammatory biomarkers of autism spectrum disorders: Use of combined ROC curves to increase their diagnostic values. Lipids Health Dis 2021; 20:155. [PMID: 34742290 PMCID: PMC8571879 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-021-01578-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impairments in social interaction and restricted and repetitive behaviors. Neuroinflammation and abnormal lipid mediators have been identified in multiple investigations as an acknowledged etiological mechanism of ASD that can be targeted for therapeutic intervention. METHODS In this study, multiple regression and combined receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were used to determine the relationship between the neuroinflammatory marker α-synuclein and lipid mediator markers related to inflammation induction, such as cyclooxygenase-2 and prostaglandin-EP2 receptors, in the etiology of ASD. Additionally, the study aimed to determine the linear combination that maximizes the partial area under ROC curves for a set of markers. Forty children with ASD and 40 age- and sex-matched controls were enrolled in the study. Using ELISA, the levels of α-synuclein, cyclo-oxygenase-2, and prostaglandin-EP2 receptors were measured in the plasma of both groups. Statistical analyses using ROC curves and multiple and logistic regression models were performed. RESULTS A remarkable increase in the area under the curve was observed using combined ROC curve analyses. Moreover, higher specificity and sensitivity of the combined markers were reported. CONCLUSIONS The present study indicates that measurement of the predictive value of selected biomarkers related to neuroinflammation and lipid metabolism in children with ASD using a ROC curve analysis should lead to a better understanding of the etiological mechanism of ASD and its link with metabolism. This information may facilitate early diagnosis and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afaf El-Ansary
- Central Laboratory, Female Center for Medical Studies and Scientific Section, King Saud University, P. O Box 22452, Riyadh, KSA, 11495, Saudi Arabia.
- Autism Research and Treatment Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Manan Alhakbany
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer Aldbass
- Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan Qasem
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Al-Imam Mohammed Bin Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah Al-Mazidi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Al-Imam Mohammed Bin Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ramesa Shafi Bhat
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Al-Imam Mohammed Bin Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Laila Al-Ayadhi
- Autism Research and Treatment Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Vitaliti G, Falsaperla R. Chorioamnionitis, Inflammation and Neonatal Apnea: Effects on Preterm Neonatal Brainstem and on Peripheral Airways: Chorioamnionitis and Neonatal Respiratory Functions. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8100917. [PMID: 34682182 PMCID: PMC8534519 DOI: 10.3390/children8100917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: The present manuscript aims to be a narrative review evaluating the association between inflammation in chorioamnionitis and damage on respiratory centers, peripheral airways, and lungs, explaining the pathways responsible for apnea in preterm babies born by delivery after chorioamnionitis. Methods: A combination of keywords and MESH words was used, including: "inflammation", "chorioamnionitis", "brainstem", "cytokines storm", "preterm birth", "neonatal apnea", and "apnea physiopathology". All identified papers were screened for title and abstracts by the two authors to verify whether they met the proper criteria to write the topic. Results: Chorioamnionitis is usually associated with Fetal Inflammatory Response Syndrome (FIRS), resulting in injury of brain and lungs. Literature data have shown that infections causing chorioamnionitis are mostly associated with inflammation and consequent hypoxia-mediated brain injury. Moreover, inflammation and infection induce apneic episodes in neonates, as well as in animal samples. Chorioamnionitis-induced inflammation favors the systemic secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines that are involved in abnormal development of the respiratory centers in the brainstem and in alterations of peripheral airways and lungs. Conclusions: Preterm birth shows a suboptimal development of the brainstem and abnormalities and altered development of peripheral airways and lungs. These alterations are responsible for reduced respiratory control and apnea. To date, mostly animal studies have been published. Therefore, more clinical studies on the role of chorioamninitis-induced inflammation on prematurity and neonatal apnea are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Vitaliti
- Unit of Pediatrics, Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Pediatrics, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-34-0471-0614
| | - Raffaele Falsaperla
- Pediatrics and Pediatric Emergency Operative Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico G.Rodolico-San Marco, San Marco Hospital, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy;
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Policlinico G.Rodolico-San Marco, San Marco Hospital, San Marco Hospital, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
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20
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The Enhancing Immune Response and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Caulerpa lentillifera Extract in RAW 264.7 Cells. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26195734. [PMID: 34641278 PMCID: PMC8510275 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Caulerpa lentillifera (CL) is a green seaweed, and its edible part represents added value as a functional ingredient. CL was dried and extracted for the determination of its active compounds and the evaluation of its biological activities. The major constituents of CL extract (CLE), including tannic acid, catechin, rutin, and isoquercetin, exhibited beneficial effects, such as antioxidant activity, anti-diabetic activity, immunomodulatory effects, and anti-cancer activities in in vitro and in vivo models. Whether CLE has an anti-inflammatory effect and immune response remains unclear. Methods: This study examined the effect of CLE on the inflammatory status and immune response of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells and the mechanisms involved therein. RAW264.7 cells were treated with different concentrations of CLE (0.1–1000 µg/mL) with or without LPS (1 µg/mL) for 24 h. Expression and production of the inflammatory cytokines, enzymes, and mediators were evaluated. Results: CLE suppressed expression and production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α. Moreover, CLE inhibited expression and secretion of the inflammatory enzyme COX-2 and the mediators PGE2 and NO. CLE also reduced DNA damage. Furthermore, CLE stimulated the immune response by modulating the cell cycle regulators p27, p53, cyclin D2, and cyclin E2. Conclusions: CLE inhibits inflammatory responses in LPS-activated macrophages by downregulating inflammatory cytokines and mediators. Furthermore, CLE has an immunomodulatory effect by modulating cell cycle regulators.
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Abstract
The susceptibility of the brain to ischaemic injury dramatically limits its viability following interruptions in blood flow. However, data from studies of dissociated cells, tissue specimens, isolated organs and whole bodies have brought into question the temporal limits within which the brain is capable of tolerating prolonged circulatory arrest. This Review assesses cell type-specific mechanisms of global cerebral ischaemia, and examines the circumstances in which the brain exhibits heightened resilience to injury. We suggest strategies for expanding such discoveries to fuel translational research into novel cytoprotective therapies, and describe emerging technologies and experimental concepts. By doing so, we propose a new multimodal framework to investigate brain resuscitation following extended periods of circulatory arrest.
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22
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Rosehart AC, Longden TA, Weir N, Fontaine JT, Joutel A, Dabertrand F. Prostaglandin E 2 Dilates Intracerebral Arterioles When Applied to Capillaries: Implications for Small Vessel Diseases. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:695965. [PMID: 34483880 PMCID: PMC8414797 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.695965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) has been widely proposed to mediate neurovascular coupling by dilating brain parenchymal arterioles through activation of prostanoid EP4 receptors. However, our previous report that direct application of PGE2 induces an EP1-mediated constriction strongly argues against its direct action on arterioles during neurovascular coupling, the mechanisms sustaining functional hyperemia. Recent advances have highlighted the role of capillaries in sensing neuronal activity and propagating vasodilatory signals to the upstream penetrating parenchymal arteriole. Here, we examined the effect of capillary stimulation with PGE2 on upstream arteriolar diameter using an ex vivo capillary-parenchymal arteriole preparation and in vivo cerebral blood flow measurements with two-photon laser-scanning microscopy. We found that PGE2 caused upstream arteriolar dilation when applied onto capillaries with an EC50 of 70 nM. The response was inhibited by EP1 receptor antagonist and was greatly reduced, but not abolished, by blocking the strong inward-rectifier K+ channel. We further observed a blunted dilatory response to capillary stimulation with PGE2 in a genetic mouse model of cerebral small vessel disease with impaired functional hyperemia. This evidence casts previous findings in a different light, indicating that capillaries are the locus of PGE2 action to induce upstream arteriolar dilation in the control of brain blood flow, thereby providing a paradigm-shifting view that nonetheless remains coherent with the broad contours of a substantial body of existing literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda C. Rosehart
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Thomas A. Longden
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Nick Weir
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Jackson T. Fontaine
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Anne Joutel
- INSERM, UMR 1266, GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, University of Paris, Paris, France
- Department of Pharmacology, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Fabrice Dabertrand
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
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23
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G-Protein-Coupled Receptors and Ischemic Stroke: a Focus on Molecular Function and Therapeutic Potential. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:4588-4614. [PMID: 34120294 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02435-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In ischemic stroke, there is only one approved drug, tissue plasminogen activator, to be used in clinical conditions for thrombolysis. New neuroprotective therapies for ischemic stroke are desperately needed. Several targets and pathways have been shown to confer neuroprotective effects in ischemic stroke. G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are one of the most frequently targeted receptors for developing novel therapeutics for central nervous system disorders. GPCRs are a large family of cell surface receptors that response to a wide variety of extracellular stimuli. GPCRs are involved in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes. More than 90% of the identified non-sensory GPCRs are expressed in the brain, where they play important roles in regulating mood, pain, vision, immune responses, cognition, and synaptic transmission. There is also good evidence that GPCRs are implicated in the pathogenesis of stroke. This review narrates the pathophysiological role and possible targeted therapy of GPCRs in ischemic stroke.
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Mehrabian Z, Guo Y, Miller NR, Henderson AD, Roth S, Bernstein SL. Approaches to Potentiated Neuroprotective Treatment in the Rodent Model of Ischemic Optic Neuropathy. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061440. [PMID: 34207618 PMCID: PMC8228425 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) commonly causes sudden optic nerve (ON)-related vision loss. The rodent NAION model (rAION) closely resembles NAION in presentation and physiological responses. We identified early rAION-associated optic nerve head (ONH) inflammatory gene expression responses and the anti-inflammatory prostaglandin PGJ2’s effects on those responses. We hypothesized that blocking pro-inflammatory prostaglandin (PGE2) production by inhibiting monoacylglycerol lipase or cyclooxygenase activity and co-administering PGJ2 would potentiate RGC survival following ischemic neuropathy. Deep sequencing was performed on vehicle- and PGJ2-treated ONHs 3d post-rAION induction. Results were compared against responses from a retinal ischemia model. Animals were treated with PGJ2 and MAGL inhibitor KML29, or PGJ2 + COX inhibitor meloxicam. RGC survival was quantified by stereology. Tissue PG levels were quantified by ELISA. Gene expression was confirmed by qPCR. PGJ2 treatment nonselectively reduced inflammatory gene expression post-rAION. KML29 did not reduce PGE2 1d post-induction and KML29 alone increased RGC loss after rAION. Combined treatments did not improve ONH edema and RGC survival better than reported with PGJ2 alone. KML29′s failure to suppress PGE2 ocular synthesis, despite its purported effects in other CNS tissues may result from alternative PG synthesis pathways. Neither KML29 nor meloxicam treatment significantly improved RGC survival compared with vehicle. While exogenous PGJ2 has been shown to be neuroprotective, treatments combining PGJ2 with these PG synthesis inhibitors do not enhance PGJ2’s neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zara Mehrabian
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore (UMB), 10 S. Pine St., MSTF Room 5-77B, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (Z.M.); (Y.G.)
| | - Yan Guo
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore (UMB), 10 S. Pine St., MSTF Room 5-77B, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (Z.M.); (Y.G.)
| | - Neil R. Miller
- Division of Neuro-Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 600 N. Wolfe St., Wilmer 233, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (N.R.M.); (A.D.H.)
| | - Amanda D. Henderson
- Division of Neuro-Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 600 N. Wolfe St., Wilmer 233, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (N.R.M.); (A.D.H.)
| | - Steven Roth
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 20212, USA;
| | - Steven L. Bernstein
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore (UMB), 10 S. Pine St., MSTF Room 5-77B, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; (Z.M.); (Y.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +410-706-3712
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25
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Mendes FR, Leclerc JL, Liu L, Kamat PK, Naziripour A, Hernandez D, Li C, Ahmad AS, Doré S. Effect of Experimental Ischemic Stroke and PGE2 EP1 Selective Antagonism in Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Models. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 74:173-187. [PMID: 31985468 DOI: 10.3233/jad-191069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroinflammation has been recognized as an important factor in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). One of the most recognized pathways in mediating neuroinflammation is the prostaglandin E2-EP1 receptor pathway. OBJECTIVE Here, we examined the efficacy of the selective EP1 antagonist ONO-8713 in limiting amyloid-β (Aβ), lesion volumes, and behavioral indexes in AD mouse models after ischemic stroke. METHODS Transgenic APP/PS1, 3xTgAD, and wildtype (WT) mice were subjected to permanent distal middle cerebral artery occlusion (pdMCAO) and sham surgeries. Functional outcomes, memory, anatomical outcomes, and Aβ concentrations were assessed 14 days after surgery. RESULTS pdMCAO resulted in significant deterioration in functional and anatomical outcomes in the transgenic mice compared with the WT mice. No relevant differences were observed in the behavioral tests when comparing the ONO-8713 and vehicle-treated groups. Significantly lower cavitation (p = 0.0373) and percent tissue loss (p = 0.0247) were observed in APP/PS1 + ONO-8713 mice compared with the WT + ONO-8713 mice. However, the percent tissue injury was significantly higher in APP/PS1 + ONO-8713 mice compared with the WT + ONO-8713 group (p = 0.0373). Percent tissue loss was also significantly lower in the 3xTgAD + ONO-8713 mice than in the WT + ONO-8713 mice (p = 0.0185). ONO-8713 treatment also attenuated cortical microgliosis in APP/PS1 mice as compared with the vehicle (p = 0.0079); however, no differences were observed in astrogliosis across the groups. Finally, APP/PS1 mice presented with characteristic Aβ load in the cortex while 3xTgAD mice exhibited very low Aβ levels. CONCLUSION In conclusion, under the experimental conditions, EP1 receptor antagonist ONO-8713 showed modest benefits in anatomical outcomes after stroke, mainly in APP/PS1 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fúlvio R Mendes
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, Brazil
| | - Jenna L Leclerc
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Neurology, Psychiatry, and Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Pradip K Kamat
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Arash Naziripour
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Damian Hernandez
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Chris Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Abdullah S Ahmad
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sylvain Doré
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Neurology, Psychiatry, and Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
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26
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Luo Y, Chen H, Tsoi B, Wang Q, Shen J. Danggui-Shaoyao-San (DSS) Ameliorates Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury via Activating SIRT1 Signaling and Inhibiting NADPH Oxidases. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:653795. [PMID: 33935765 PMCID: PMC8082392 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.653795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Danggui-Shayao-San (DSS) is a famous Traditional Chinese Medicine formula that used for treating pain disorders and maintaining neurological health. Recent studies indicate that DSS has neuroprotective effects against ischemic brain damage but its underlining mechanisms remain unclear. Herein, we investigated the neuroprotective mechanisms of DSS for treating ischemic stroke. Adult male Sprague-Dawley (S.D.) rats were subjected to 2 h of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) plus 22 h of reperfusion. Both ethanol extract and aqueous extract of DSS (12 g/kg) were orally administrated into the rats at 30 min prior to MCAO ischemic onset. We found that 1) ethanol extract of DSS, instead of aqueous extract, reduced infarct sizes and improved neurological deficit scores in the post-ischemic stroke rats; 2) Ethanol extract of DSS down-regulated the expression of the cleaved-caspase 3 and Bax, up-regulated bcl-2 and attenuated apoptotic cell death in the ischemic brains; 3) Ethanol extract of DSS decreased the production of superoxide and peroxynitrite; 4) Ethanol extract of DSS significantly down-regulated the expression of p67phox but has no effect on p47phox and iNOS statistically. 5) Ethanol extract of DSS significantly up-regulated the expression of SIRT1 in the cortex and striatum of the post-ischemic brains; 6) Co-treatment of EX527, a SIRT1 inhibitor, abolished the DSS’s neuroprotective effects. Taken together, DSS could attenuate oxidative/nitrosative stress and inhibit neuronal apoptosis against cerebral ischemic-reperfusion injury via SIRT1-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxia Luo
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Endocrinology, Fourth Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hansen Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bun Tsoi
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiangang Shen
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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27
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Kahles T, Poon C, Qian L, Palfini V, Srinivasan SP, Swaminathan S, Blanco I, Rodney-Sandy R, Iadecola C, Zhou P, Hochrainer K. Elevated post-ischemic ubiquitination results from suppression of deubiquitinase activity and not proteasome inhibition. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:2169-2183. [PMID: 32889561 PMCID: PMC7933347 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03625-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia-reperfusion increases intraneuronal levels of ubiquitinated proteins, but the factors driving ubiquitination and whether it results from altered proteostasis remain unclear. To address these questions, we used in vivo and in vitro models of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion, in which hippocampal slices were transiently deprived of oxygen and glucose to simulate ischemia followed by reperfusion, or the middle cerebral artery was temporarily occluded in mice. We found that post-ischemic ubiquitination results from two key steps: restoration of ATP at reperfusion, which allows initiation of protein ubiquitination, and free radical production, which, in the presence of sufficient ATP, increases ubiquitination above pre-ischemic levels. Surprisingly, free radicals did not augment ubiquitination through inhibition of the proteasome as previously believed. Although reduced proteasomal activity was detected after ischemia, this was neither caused by free radicals nor sufficient in magnitude to induce appreciable accumulation of proteasomal target proteins or ubiquitin-proteasome reporters. Instead, we found that ischemia-derived free radicals inhibit deubiquitinases, a class of proteases that cleaves ubiquitin chains from proteins, which was sufficient to elevate ubiquitination after ischemia. Our data provide evidence that free radical-dependent deubiquitinase inactivation rather than proteasomal inhibition drives ubiquitination following ischemia-reperfusion, and as such call for a reevaluation of the mechanisms of post-ischemic ubiquitination, previously attributed to altered proteostasis. Since deubiquitinase inhibition is considered an endogenous neuroprotective mechanism to shield proteins from oxidative damage, modulation of deubiquitinase activity may be of therapeutic value to maintain protein integrity after an ischemic insult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Kahles
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- Department of Neurology, Cantonal Hospital Aarau, 5001, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Carrie Poon
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Liping Qian
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Victoria Palfini
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | | | - Shilpa Swaminathan
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Ismary Blanco
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Reunet Rodney-Sandy
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Costantino Iadecola
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Ping Zhou
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Karin Hochrainer
- Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
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28
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Gorica E, Calderone V. Arachidonic Acid Derivatives and Neuroinflammation. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS-DRUG TARGETS 2021; 21:118-129. [PMID: 33557740 DOI: 10.2174/1871527320666210208130412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is characterized by dysregulated inflammatory responses localized within the brain and spinal cord. Neuroinflammation plays a pivotal role in the onset of several neurodegenerative disorders and is considered a typical feature of these disorders. Microglia perform primary immune surveillance and macrophage-like activities within the central nervous system. Activated microglia are predominant players in the central nervous system response to damage related to stroke, trauma, and infection. Moreover, microglial activation per se leads to a proinflammatory response and oxidative stress. During the release of cytokines and chemokines, cyclooxygenases and phospholipase A2 are stimulated. Elevated levels of these compounds play a significant role in immune cell recruitment into the brain. Cyclic phospholipase A2 plays a fundamental role in the production of prostaglandins by releasing arachidonic acid. In turn, arachidonic acid is biotransformed through different routes into several mediators that are endowed with pivotal roles in the regulation of inflammatory processes. Some experimental models of neuroinflammation exhibit an increase in cyclic phospholipase A2, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins such as prostaglandin E2, prostaglandin D2, or prostacyclin. However, findings on the role of the prostacyclin receptors have revealed that their signalling suppresses Th2-mediated inflammatory responses. In addition, other in vitro evidence suggests that prostaglandin E2 may inhibit the production of some inflammatory cytokines, attenuating inflammatory events such as mast cell degranulation or inflammatory leukotriene production. Based on these conflicting experimental data, the role of arachidonic acid derivatives in neuroinflammation remains a challenging issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Era Gorica
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa. Italy
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29
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Vinciguerra A, Cepparulo P, Anzilotti S, Cuomo O, Valsecchi V, Amoroso S, Annunziato L, Pignataro G. Remote postconditioning ameliorates stroke damage by preventing let-7a and miR-143 up-regulation. Theranostics 2020; 10:12174-12188. [PMID: 33204336 PMCID: PMC7667695 DOI: 10.7150/thno.48135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Remote limb ischemic postconditioning (RLIP) is a well-established neuroprotective strategy able to protect the brain from a previous harmful ischemic insult through a sub-lethal occlusion of the femoral artery. Neural and humoral mechanisms have been proposed as mediators required to transmit the peripheral signal from limb to brain. Moreover, different studies suggest that protection observed at brain level is associated to a general genetic reprogramming involving also microRNAs (miRNAs) intervention. Methods: Brain ischemia was induced in male rats by transient occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (tMCAO), whereas RLIP was achieved by one cycle of temporary occlusion of the ipsilateral femoral artery after tMCAO. The expression profile of 810 miRNAs was evaluated in ischemic brain samples from rats subjected either to tMCAO or to RLIP. Among all analyzed miRNAs, there were four whose expression were upregulated after stroke and returned to basal level after RLIP, thus suggesting a possible involvement in RLIP-induced neuroprotection. These selected miRNAs were intracerebroventricularly infused in rats subjected to remote ischemic postconditioning, and their effect was evaluated in terms of brain damage, neurological deficit scores and expression of putative targets. Results: Twenty-one miRNAs, whose expression was significantly affected by tMCAO and by tMCAO plus RLIP, were selected based on microarray microfluidic profiling. Our data showed that: (1) stroke induced an up-regulation of let-7a and miR-143 (2) these two miRNAs were involved in the protective effects induced by RLIP and (3) HIF1-α contributes to their protective effect. Indeed, their expression was reduced after RLIP and the exogenous intracerebroventricularly infusion of let-7a and miR-143 mimics prevented neuroprotection and HIF1-α overexpression induced by RLIP. Conclusions: Prevention of cerebral let-7a and miR-143 overexpression induced by brain ischemia emerges as new potential strategy in stroke intervention.
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30
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Jiang J, Yu Y. Small molecules targeting cyclooxygenase/prostanoid cascade in experimental brain ischemia: Do they translate? Med Res Rev 2020; 41:828-857. [PMID: 33094540 DOI: 10.1002/med.21744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Acute brain ischemia accounts for most of stroke cases and constitutes a leading cause of deaths among adults and permanent disabilities in survivors. Currently, the intravenous thrombolysis is the only available medication for ischemic stroke; mechanical thrombectomy is an emerging alternative treatment for occlusion of large arteries and has shown some promise in selected subsets of patients. However, the overall narrow treatment window and potential risks largely limit the patient eligibility. New druggable targets are needed to innovate the treatment of brain ischemia. As the rate-limiting enzyme in the biosyntheses of prostanoids, cyclooxygenase (COX), particularly the inducible isoform COX-2, has long been implicated in mechanisms of acute stroke-induced brain injury and inflammation. However, the notion of therapeutically targeting COX has been diminished over the past two decades due to significant complications of the cardiovascular and cerebrovascular systems caused by long-term use of COX-2 inhibitor drugs. New treatment strategies targeting the downstream prostanoid signaling receptors regulating the deleterious effects of COX cascade have been proposed. As such, a large number of selective small molecules that negatively or positively modulate these important inflammatory regulators have been evaluated for neuroprotection and other beneficial effects in various animal models of brain ischemia. These timely preclinical studies, though not yet led to clinical innovation, provided new insights into the regulation of inflammatory reactions in the ischemic brain and could guide drug discovery efforts aiming for novel adjunctive strategies, along with current reperfusion therapy, to treat acute brain ischemia with higher specificity and longer therapeutic window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxiong Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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31
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Li L, Sluter MN, Yu Y, Jiang J. Prostaglandin E receptors as targets for ischemic stroke: Novel evidence and molecular mechanisms of efficacy. Pharmacol Res 2020; 163:105238. [PMID: 33053444 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Over the past two decades the interest has waned in therapeutically targeting cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) due to growing concerns over the potential cardiovascular and cerebrovascular toxicities of the long-term use of COX-2 inhibitors. Attention thus has recently been shifted downstream to the prostaglandin signaling pathways for new druggable anti-inflammatory targets aiming for higher therapeutic specificity. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is robustly synthesized in the ischemic cortex by quickly induced COX-2 and microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) following cerebral ischemia. The elevated PGE2, in turn, divergently regulates the excitotoxic injury and neuroinflammation by acting on four membrane-bound G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), namely, EP1-EP4. Markedly, all four EP receptors have been implicated in the excitotoxicity-associated brain inflammation and injury in animal models of cerebral ischemia. However promising, these preclinical studies have not yet led to a clinical trial targeting any PGE2 receptor for ischemic stroke. The goal of this article is to review the recent progress in understanding the pathogenic roles of PGE2 in cerebral ischemia as well as to provide new mechanistic insights into the PGE2 signaling via these four GPCRs in neuronal excitotoxicity and inflammation. We also discuss the feasibility of targeting EP1-EP4 receptors as an emerging delayed treatment, together with the first-line reperfusion strategy, to manage acute ischemic stroke with potentially extended window as well as improved specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lexiao Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Madison N Sluter
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jianxiong Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
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32
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Norel X, Sugimoto Y, Ozen G, Abdelazeem H, Amgoud Y, Bouhadoun A, Bassiouni W, Goepp M, Mani S, Manikpurage HD, Senbel A, Longrois D, Heinemann A, Yao C, Clapp LH. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. CIX. Differences and Similarities between Human and Rodent Prostaglandin E 2 Receptors (EP1-4) and Prostacyclin Receptor (IP): Specific Roles in Pathophysiologic Conditions. Pharmacol Rev 2020; 72:910-968. [PMID: 32962984 PMCID: PMC7509579 DOI: 10.1124/pr.120.019331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandins are derived from arachidonic acid metabolism through cyclooxygenase activities. Among prostaglandins (PGs), prostacyclin (PGI2) and PGE2 are strongly involved in the regulation of homeostasis and main physiologic functions. In addition, the synthesis of these two prostaglandins is significantly increased during inflammation. PGI2 and PGE2 exert their biologic actions by binding to their respective receptors, namely prostacyclin receptor (IP) and prostaglandin E2 receptor (EP) 1-4, which belong to the family of G-protein-coupled receptors. IP and EP1-4 receptors are widely distributed in the body and thus play various physiologic and pathophysiologic roles. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in studies using pharmacological approaches, genetically modified animals, and genome-wide association studies regarding the roles of IP and EP1-4 receptors in the immune, cardiovascular, nervous, gastrointestinal, respiratory, genitourinary, and musculoskeletal systems. In particular, we highlight similarities and differences between human and rodents in terms of the specific roles of IP and EP1-4 receptors and their downstream signaling pathways, functions, and activities for each biologic system. We also highlight the potential novel therapeutic benefit of targeting IP and EP1-4 receptors in several diseases based on the scientific advances, animal models, and human studies. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: In this review, we present an update of the pathophysiologic role of the prostacyclin receptor, prostaglandin E2 receptor (EP) 1, EP2, EP3, and EP4 receptors when activated by the two main prostaglandins, namely prostacyclin and prostaglandin E2, produced during inflammatory conditions in human and rodents. In addition, this comparison of the published results in each tissue and/or pathology should facilitate the choice of the most appropriate model for the future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Norel
- Université de Paris, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1148, CHU X. Bichat, Paris, France (X.N., G.O., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., H.D.M., A.S., D.L.); Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, France (X.N., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., D.L.); Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan (Y.S.); Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey (G.O.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt (A.S., H.A., W.B.); Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (C.Y., M.G.); Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir (ISBM), Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia (S.M.); CHU X. Bichat, AP-HP, Paris, France (D.L.); Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (A.H.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom (L.H.C.)
| | - Yukihiko Sugimoto
- Université de Paris, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1148, CHU X. Bichat, Paris, France (X.N., G.O., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., H.D.M., A.S., D.L.); Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, France (X.N., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., D.L.); Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan (Y.S.); Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey (G.O.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt (A.S., H.A., W.B.); Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (C.Y., M.G.); Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir (ISBM), Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia (S.M.); CHU X. Bichat, AP-HP, Paris, France (D.L.); Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (A.H.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom (L.H.C.)
| | - Gulsev Ozen
- Université de Paris, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1148, CHU X. Bichat, Paris, France (X.N., G.O., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., H.D.M., A.S., D.L.); Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, France (X.N., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., D.L.); Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan (Y.S.); Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey (G.O.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt (A.S., H.A., W.B.); Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (C.Y., M.G.); Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir (ISBM), Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia (S.M.); CHU X. Bichat, AP-HP, Paris, France (D.L.); Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (A.H.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom (L.H.C.)
| | - Heba Abdelazeem
- Université de Paris, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1148, CHU X. Bichat, Paris, France (X.N., G.O., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., H.D.M., A.S., D.L.); Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, France (X.N., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., D.L.); Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan (Y.S.); Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey (G.O.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt (A.S., H.A., W.B.); Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (C.Y., M.G.); Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir (ISBM), Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia (S.M.); CHU X. Bichat, AP-HP, Paris, France (D.L.); Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (A.H.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom (L.H.C.)
| | - Yasmine Amgoud
- Université de Paris, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1148, CHU X. Bichat, Paris, France (X.N., G.O., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., H.D.M., A.S., D.L.); Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, France (X.N., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., D.L.); Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan (Y.S.); Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey (G.O.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt (A.S., H.A., W.B.); Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (C.Y., M.G.); Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir (ISBM), Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia (S.M.); CHU X. Bichat, AP-HP, Paris, France (D.L.); Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (A.H.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom (L.H.C.)
| | - Amel Bouhadoun
- Université de Paris, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1148, CHU X. Bichat, Paris, France (X.N., G.O., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., H.D.M., A.S., D.L.); Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, France (X.N., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., D.L.); Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan (Y.S.); Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey (G.O.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt (A.S., H.A., W.B.); Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (C.Y., M.G.); Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir (ISBM), Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia (S.M.); CHU X. Bichat, AP-HP, Paris, France (D.L.); Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (A.H.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom (L.H.C.)
| | - Wesam Bassiouni
- Université de Paris, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1148, CHU X. Bichat, Paris, France (X.N., G.O., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., H.D.M., A.S., D.L.); Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, France (X.N., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., D.L.); Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan (Y.S.); Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey (G.O.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt (A.S., H.A., W.B.); Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (C.Y., M.G.); Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir (ISBM), Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia (S.M.); CHU X. Bichat, AP-HP, Paris, France (D.L.); Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (A.H.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom (L.H.C.)
| | - Marie Goepp
- Université de Paris, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1148, CHU X. Bichat, Paris, France (X.N., G.O., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., H.D.M., A.S., D.L.); Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, France (X.N., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., D.L.); Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan (Y.S.); Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey (G.O.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt (A.S., H.A., W.B.); Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (C.Y., M.G.); Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir (ISBM), Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia (S.M.); CHU X. Bichat, AP-HP, Paris, France (D.L.); Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (A.H.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom (L.H.C.)
| | - Salma Mani
- Université de Paris, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1148, CHU X. Bichat, Paris, France (X.N., G.O., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., H.D.M., A.S., D.L.); Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, France (X.N., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., D.L.); Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan (Y.S.); Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey (G.O.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt (A.S., H.A., W.B.); Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (C.Y., M.G.); Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir (ISBM), Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia (S.M.); CHU X. Bichat, AP-HP, Paris, France (D.L.); Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (A.H.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom (L.H.C.)
| | - Hasanga D Manikpurage
- Université de Paris, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1148, CHU X. Bichat, Paris, France (X.N., G.O., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., H.D.M., A.S., D.L.); Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, France (X.N., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., D.L.); Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan (Y.S.); Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey (G.O.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt (A.S., H.A., W.B.); Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (C.Y., M.G.); Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir (ISBM), Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia (S.M.); CHU X. Bichat, AP-HP, Paris, France (D.L.); Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (A.H.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom (L.H.C.)
| | - Amira Senbel
- Université de Paris, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1148, CHU X. Bichat, Paris, France (X.N., G.O., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., H.D.M., A.S., D.L.); Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, France (X.N., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., D.L.); Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan (Y.S.); Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey (G.O.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt (A.S., H.A., W.B.); Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (C.Y., M.G.); Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir (ISBM), Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia (S.M.); CHU X. Bichat, AP-HP, Paris, France (D.L.); Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (A.H.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom (L.H.C.)
| | - Dan Longrois
- Université de Paris, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1148, CHU X. Bichat, Paris, France (X.N., G.O., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., H.D.M., A.S., D.L.); Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, France (X.N., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., D.L.); Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan (Y.S.); Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey (G.O.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt (A.S., H.A., W.B.); Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (C.Y., M.G.); Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir (ISBM), Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia (S.M.); CHU X. Bichat, AP-HP, Paris, France (D.L.); Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (A.H.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom (L.H.C.)
| | - Akos Heinemann
- Université de Paris, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1148, CHU X. Bichat, Paris, France (X.N., G.O., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., H.D.M., A.S., D.L.); Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, France (X.N., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., D.L.); Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan (Y.S.); Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey (G.O.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt (A.S., H.A., W.B.); Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (C.Y., M.G.); Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir (ISBM), Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia (S.M.); CHU X. Bichat, AP-HP, Paris, France (D.L.); Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (A.H.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom (L.H.C.)
| | - Chengcan Yao
- Université de Paris, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1148, CHU X. Bichat, Paris, France (X.N., G.O., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., H.D.M., A.S., D.L.); Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, France (X.N., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., D.L.); Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan (Y.S.); Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey (G.O.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt (A.S., H.A., W.B.); Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (C.Y., M.G.); Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir (ISBM), Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia (S.M.); CHU X. Bichat, AP-HP, Paris, France (D.L.); Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (A.H.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom (L.H.C.)
| | - Lucie H Clapp
- Université de Paris, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1148, CHU X. Bichat, Paris, France (X.N., G.O., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., H.D.M., A.S., D.L.); Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Villetaneuse, France (X.N., H.A., Y.A., A.B., S.M., D.L.); Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan (Y.S.); Istanbul University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Istanbul, Turkey (G.O.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt (A.S., H.A., W.B.); Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen's Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom (C.Y., M.G.); Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir (ISBM), Université de Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia (S.M.); CHU X. Bichat, AP-HP, Paris, France (D.L.); Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria (A.H.); and Centre for Cardiovascular Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom (L.H.C.)
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Mukhtar I. Inflammatory and immune mechanisms underlying epileptogenesis and epilepsy: From pathogenesis to treatment target. Seizure 2020; 82:65-79. [PMID: 33011590 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2020.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epilepsy is a brain disease associated with epileptic seizures as well as with neurobehavioral outcomes of this condition. In the last century, inflammation emerged as a crucial factor in epilepsy etiology. Various brain insults through activation of neuronal and non-neuronal brain cells initiate a series of inflammatory events. Growing observations strongly suggest that abnormal activation of critical inflammatory processes contributes to epileptogenesis, a gradual process by which a normal brain transforms into the epileptic brain. Increased knowledge of inflammatory pathways in epileptogenesis has unveiled mechanistic targets for novel antiepileptic therapies. Molecules specifically targeting the pivotal inflammatory pathways may serve as promising candidates to halt the development of epilepsy. The present paper reviews the pieces of evidence conceptually supporting the potential role of inflammatory mechanisms and the relevant blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption in epileptogenesis. Also, it discusses the mechanisms underlying inflammation-induced neuronal-glial network impairment and highlights innovative neuroregulatory actions of typical inflammatory molecules. Finally, it presents a brief analysis of observations supporting the therapeutic role of inflammation-targeting tiny molecules in epileptic seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqra Mukhtar
- H.E.J Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center For Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
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Tau induces PSD95-neuronal NOS uncoupling and neurovascular dysfunction independent of neurodegeneration. Nat Neurosci 2020; 23:1079-1089. [PMID: 32778793 PMCID: PMC7896353 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-020-0686-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cerebrovascular abnormalities have emerged as a preclinical manifestation of Alzheimer’s disease and frontotemporal dementia, diseases characterized by accumulation of hyperphosphorylated forms of the microtubule associated protein tau. However, it is unclear if tau contributes to these neurovascular alterations independent of neurodegeneration. We report that mice expressing mutated tau exhibit a selective suppression of neural activity-induced cerebral blood flow increases that precedes tau pathology and cognitive impairment. The dysfunction is attributable to reduced vasodilatation of intracerebral arterioles and is reversible by turning down tau production. Mechanistically, the failure of neurovascular coupling involves tau-induced dissociation of neuronal nitric oxide synthase from post synaptic-density-95 and reduced production of the potent vasodilator nitric oxide during glutamatergic synaptic activity. The data identify glutamatergic signaling dysfunction and nitric oxide deficiency as yet-undescribed early manifestations of tau pathobiology independent of neurodegeneration, and provide a mechanism for the neurovascular alterations observed in the preclinical stages of tauopathies.
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Hua W, Chen X, Wang J, Zang W, Jiang C, Ren H, Hong M, Wang J, Wu H, Wang J. Mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets for spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. BRAIN HEMORRHAGES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hest.2020.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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Risk of cancer in patients with glaucoma: A nationwide population-based cohort study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8170. [PMID: 32424297 PMCID: PMC7235084 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65116-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
To compare the risk of cancer development between patients with glaucoma and those without, we conducted a nationwide population-based cohort study using the Korean National Health Insurance Database. Individuals with diagnosis of glaucoma between 2007 and 2016 were identified, and controls were 1:1 matched based on age and sex. We calculated the incidence rates(IR) and hazard ratios(HR) before and after adjusting for age, gender, diabetes, smoking history, and body mass index. A total of 107,536 individuals with glaucoma and the same number of individuals without glaucoma were included. The IR of overall cancer were 12.23 and 11.62 per 1,000 individuals in the glaucoma and control groups, respectively. The HR of overall cancer was significantly higher in the glaucoma group before(HR: 1.053) and after adjusting for confounding factors(adjusted HR: 1.049) compared to that in the control group. The risk of overall cancer and specific cancers varied depending on gender and age groups, and the association was stronger in women and those under 65 years of age. Our study revealed that individuals with glaucoma showed higher risk of overall cancer and higher risk of specific cancers than those without glaucoma.
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Palumbo P, Lombardi F, Augello FR, Giusti I, Dolo V, Leocata P, Cifone MG, Cinque B. Biological effects of selective COX-2 inhibitor NS398 on human glioblastoma cell lines. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:167. [PMID: 32435158 PMCID: PMC7222447 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01250-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), an inflammation-associated enzyme, has been implicated in tumorigenesis and progression of glioblastoma (GBM). The poor survival of GBM was mainly associated with the presence of glioma stem cells (GSC) and the markedly inflammatory microenvironment. To further explore the involvement of COX-2 in glioma biology, the effects of NS398, a selective COX-2 inhibitor, were evaluated on GSC derived from COX-2 expressing GBM cell lines, i.e., U87MG and T98G, in terms of neurospheres' growth, autophagy, and extracellular vesicle (EV) release. Methods Neurospheres' growth and morphology were evaluated by optical and scanning electron microscopy. Autophagy was measured by staining acidic vesicular organelles. Extracellular vesicles (EV), released from neurospheres, were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. The autophagic proteins Beclin-1 and LC3B, as well as the EV markers CD63 and CD81, were analyzed by western blotting. The scratch assay test was used to evaluate the NS398 influence on GBM cell migration. Results Both cell lines were strongly influenced by NS398 exposure, as showed by morphological changes, reduced growth rate, and appearance of autophagy. Furthermore, the inhibitor led to a functional change of EV released by neurospheres. Indeed, EV secreted by NS398-treated GSC, but not those from control cells, were able to significantly inhibit adherent U87MG and T98G cell migration and induced autophagy in recipient cells, thus leading to effects quite similar to those directly caused by NS398 in the same cells. Conclusion Despite the intrinsic diversity and individual genetic features of U87MG and T98G, comparable effects were exerted by the COX-2 inhibitor NS398 on both GBM cell lines. Overall, our findings support the crucial role of the inflammatory-associated COX-2/PGE2 system in glioma and glioma stem cell biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Palumbo
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Francesca Lombardi
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | | | - Ilaria Giusti
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Vincenza Dolo
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Pietro Leocata
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Cifone
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Benedetta Cinque
- Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
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Liu S, Dai Y, Zhou C, Zhu T. Parecoxib exhibits anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects in a rat model of transient global cerebral ischemia. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH-PART A 2020; 83:203-214. [PMID: 32216542 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2020.1745722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Transient global cerebral ischemia (tGCI) induces inflammation leading to secondary brain injury. Data suggested that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is involved in the occurrence and development of inflammatory reaction after reperfusion; however, the effectiveness of a highly selective COX-2 inhibitor, parecoxib, to counteract tGCI remains to be determined. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the potential protective actions of parecoxib in a rat model of tGCI and the role inflammation plays in this disorder. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were administered parecoxib 10 or 20 mg/kg intraperitoneally (ip) at 5 min, 24 or 48 hr after tGCI. Control rats received an equal volume of 0.9% saline. The rat model of tGCI was established using the method of bilateral common carotid artery occlusion combined with arterial hypotension. The following parameters were measured: Neurological Severity Score, morphological changes in the hippocampal CA1 region, Evans blue (EB) extravasation, brain water content, levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), neuronal apoptosis, the protein expression of Bcl-2, Bax, COX-2, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). Parecoxib treatment significantly improved neurological function and morphological defects in the hippocampal CA1 region, reduced levels of COX-2, PGE2, IL-1β, and TNF-α. In addition, parecoxib attenuated brain edema and BBB destruction as evidenced by increased ZO-1 expression and decreased MMP-9 expression. Further, parecoxib reduced neuronal apoptosis via diminished protein expression of Bax and enhanced expression of Bcl-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoxing Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yue'e Dai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chen Zhou
- The Laboratory of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Translational Neuroscience Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tao Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Saleh LS, Vanderheyden C, Frederickson A, Bryant SJ. Prostaglandin E2 and Its Receptor EP2 Modulate Macrophage Activation and Fusion in Vitro. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:2668-2681. [PMID: 33463295 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The foreign body response (FBR) has impaired progress of new implantable medical devices through its hallmark of chronic inflammation and foreign body giant cell (FBGC) formation leading to fibrous encapsulation. Macrophages are known to drive the FBR, but efforts to control macrophage polarization remain challenging. The goal for this study was to investigate whether prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and specifically its receptors EP2 and/or EP4, attenuate classically activated (i.e., inflammatory) macrophages and macrophage fusion into FBGCs in vitro. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages exhibited a dose-dependent decrease in gene expression and protein production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) when treated with PGE2. This attenuation was primarily by the EP4 receptor, as the addition of the EP2 antagonist PF 04418948 to PGE2-treated LPS-stimulated cells did not recover TNF-α production while the EP4 antagonist ONO AE3 208 did. However, direct stimulation of EP2 with the agonist butaprost to LPS-stimulated macrophages resulted in a ∼60% decrease in TNF-α secretion after 4 h and corresponded with an increase in gene expression for Cebpb and Il10, suggesting a polarization shift toward alternative activation through EP2 alone. Further, fusion of macrophages into FBGCs induced by interleukin-4 (IL-4) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) was inhibited by PGE2 via EP2 signaling and by an EP2 agonist, but not an EP4 agonist. The attenuation by PGE2 was confirmed to be primarily by the EP2 receptor. Mrc1, Dcstamp, and Retlna expressions increased upon IL-4/GM-CSF stimulation, but only Retnla expression with the EP2 agonist returned to levels that were not different from controls. This study identified that PGE2 attenuates classically activated macrophages and macrophage fusion through distinct EP receptors, while targeting EP2 is able to attenuate both. In summary, this study identified EP2 as a potential therapeutic target for reducing the FBR to biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila S Saleh
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Casey Vanderheyden
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Andrew Frederickson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Stephanie J Bryant
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States.,BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States.,Material Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado, 3415 Colorado Avenue, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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40
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Pre- and Neonatal Exposure to Lead (Pb) Induces Neuroinflammation in the Forebrain Cortex, Hippocampus and Cerebellum of Rat Pups. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21031083. [PMID: 32041252 PMCID: PMC7037720 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is a heavy metal with a proven neurotoxic effect. Exposure is particularly dangerous to the developing brain in the pre- and neonatal periods. One postulated mechanism of its neurotoxicity is induction of inflammation. This study analyzed the effect of exposure of rat pups to Pb during periods of brain development on the concentrations of selected cytokines and prostanoids in the forebrain cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum. Methods: Administration of 0.1% lead acetate (PbAc) in drinking water ad libitum, from the first day of gestation to postnatal day 21, resulted in blood Pb in rat pups reaching levels below the threshold considered safe for humans by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (10 µg/dL). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method was used to determine the levels of interleukins IL-1β, IL-6, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and thromboxane B2 (TXB2). Western blot and quantitative real-time PCR were used to determine the expression levels of cyclooxygenases COX-1 and COX-2. Finally, Western blot was used to determine the level of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). Results: In all studied brain structures (forebrain cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum), the administration of Pb caused a significant increase in all studied cytokines and prostanoids (IL-1β, IL-6, TGF-β, PGE2 and TXB2). The protein and mRNA expression of COX-1 and COX-2 increased in all studied brain structures, as did NF-κB expression. Conclusions: Chronic pre- and neonatal exposure to Pb induces neuroinflammation in the forebrain cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum of rat pups.
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Abstract
Glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness worldwide. Even though significant advances have been made in its management, currently available antiglaucoma therapies suffer from considerable drawbacks. Typically, the success and efficacy of glaucoma medications are undermined by their limited bioavailability to target tissues and the inadequate adherence demonstrated by patients with glaucoma. The latter is due to a gradual decrease in tolerability of lifelong topical therapies and the significant burden to patients of prescribed stepwise antiglaucoma regimens with frequent dosing which impact quality of life. On the other hand, glaucoma surgery is restricted by the inability of antifibrotic agents to efficiently control the wound healing process without causing severe collateral damage and long-term complications. Evolution of the treatment paradigm for patients with glaucoma will ideally include prevention of retinal ganglion cell degeneration by the successful delivery of neurotrophic factors, anti-inflammatory drugs, and gene therapies. Nanotechnology-based treatments may surpass the limitations of currently available glaucoma therapies through optimized targeted drug delivery, increased bioavailability, and controlled release. This review addresses the recent advances in glaucoma treatment strategies employing nanotechnology, including medical and surgical management, neuroregeneration, and neuroprotection.
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Chi L, Jiao D, Nan G, Yuan H, Shen J, Gao Y. miR-9-5p attenuates ischemic stroke through targeting ERMP1-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress. Acta Histochem 2019; 121:151438. [PMID: 31500865 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2019.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) is a cerebrovascular disease with serious neurological function impairment, which may activate endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. However, the underlying regulatory mechanism of ER stress under IS remains unclear. miR-9-5p is enriched in the brain tissues and plays a role in the pathological process of IS. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explore the effect of miR-9 on ER stress and underlying mechanism in IS. Here, a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rat model was utilized to examine the alteration of brain pathology, and the expressions of miR-9 and ER stress-related proteins. Then SH-SY5Y cells with oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) were performed to further evaluate the functional role of miR-9 and preliminary mechanism. The results showed that miR-9 levels were decreased in the ischemic region of rats after MCAO. MCAO significantly increased the brain infract volume, reduced Nissl bodies and cell apoptosis, and increased ER stress-related proteins (ERMP1, GRP78, p-PERK, p-eIF2α and CHOP). Furthermore, overexpression of miR-9 by miR-9 mimics increased cell viability, inhibited LDH activity and cell apoptosis, and inactivated ER stress in OGD-neurons. Luciferase activity results showed that miR-9 negatively regulated ERMP1 expression by directly targeting ERMP1 3' UTR. Subsequently, we found that ERMP1 overexpression reversed the inhibition of miR-9 on GRP78-PERK-CHOP pathway in OGD neurons. In summary, our results suggest that the attenuation of miR-9 on ischemic injury may be involved in targeting ERMP1-mediated ER stress, which provides an available target for IS treatment.
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Yu Y, Nguyen DT, Jiang J. G protein-coupled receptors in acquired epilepsy: Druggability and translatability. Prog Neurobiol 2019; 183:101682. [PMID: 31454545 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2019.101682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
As the largest family of membrane proteins in the human genome, G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute the targets of more than one-third of all modern medicinal drugs. In the central nervous system (CNS), widely distributed GPCRs in neuronal and nonneuronal cells mediate numerous essential physiological functions via regulating neurotransmission at the synapses. Whereas their abnormalities in expression and activity are involved in various neuropathological processes. CNS conditions thus remain highly represented among the indications of GPCR-targeted agents. Mounting evidence from a large number of animal studies suggests that GPCRs play important roles in the regulation of neuronal excitability associated with epilepsy, a common CNS disease afflicting approximately 1-2% of the population. Surprisingly, none of the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved (>30) antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) suppresses seizures through acting on GPCRs. This disparity raises concerns about the translatability of these preclinical findings and the druggability of GPCRs for seizure disorders. The currently available AEDs intervene seizures predominantly through targeting ion channels and have considerable limitations, as they often cause unbearable adverse effects, fail to control seizures in over 30% of patients, and merely provide symptomatic relief. Thus, identifying novel molecular targets for epilepsy is highly desired. Herein, we focus on recent progresses in understanding the comprehensive roles of several GPCR families in seizure generation and development of acquired epilepsy. We also dissect current hurdles hindering translational efforts in developing GPCRs as antiepileptic and/or antiepileptogenic targets and discuss the counteracting strategies that might lead to a potential cure for this debilitating CNS condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; Drug Discovery Center, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Davis T Nguyen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; Drug Discovery Center, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Jianxiong Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; Drug Discovery Center, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; Neuroscience Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
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Biringer RG. The Role of Eicosanoids in Alzheimer's Disease. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16142560. [PMID: 31323750 PMCID: PMC6678666 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16142560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders known. Estimates from the Alzheimer's Association suggest that there are currently 5.8 million Americans living with the disease and that this will rise to 14 million by 2050. Research over the decades has revealed that AD pathology is complex and involves a number of cellular processes. In addition to the well-studied amyloid-β and tau pathology, oxidative damage to lipids and inflammation are also intimately involved. One aspect all these processes share is eicosanoid signaling. Eicosanoids are derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids by enzymatic or non-enzymatic means and serve as short-lived autocrine or paracrine agents. Some of these eicosanoids serve to exacerbate AD pathology while others serve to remediate AD pathology. A thorough understanding of eicosanoid signaling is paramount for understanding the underlying mechanisms and developing potential treatments for AD. In this review, eicosanoid metabolism is examined in terms of in vivo production, sites of production, receptor signaling, non-AD biological functions, and known participation in AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger G Biringer
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, 5000 Lakewood Ranch Blvd., Bradenton, FL 34211, USA.
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45
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Jayaraj RL, Azimullah S, Beiram R, Jalal FY, Rosenberg GA. Neuroinflammation: friend and foe for ischemic stroke. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16:142. [PMID: 31291966 PMCID: PMC6617684 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-019-1516-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 768] [Impact Index Per Article: 153.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke, the third leading cause of death and disability worldwide, is undergoing a change in perspective with the emergence of new ideas on neurodegeneration. The concept that stroke is a disorder solely of blood vessels has been expanded to include the effects of a detrimental interaction between glia, neurons, vascular cells, and matrix components, which is collectively referred to as the neurovascular unit. Following the acute stroke, the majority of which are ischemic, there is secondary neuroinflammation that both promotes further injury, resulting in cell death, but conversely plays a beneficial role, by promoting recovery. The proinflammatory signals from immune mediators rapidly activate resident cells and influence infiltration of a wide range of inflammatory cells (neutrophils, monocytes/macrophages, different subtypes of T cells, and other inflammatory cells) into the ischemic region exacerbating brain damage. In this review, we discuss how neuroinflammation has both beneficial as well as detrimental roles and recent therapeutic strategies to combat pathological responses. Here, we also focus on time-dependent entry of immune cells to the ischemic area and the impact of other pathological mediators, including oxidative stress, excitotoxicity, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), arachidonic acid metabolites, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and post-translational modifications that could potentially perpetuate ischemic brain damage after the acute injury. Understanding the time-dependent role of inflammatory factors could help in developing new diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic neuroprotective strategies for post-stroke inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L. Jayaraj
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, UAE
| | - Sheikh Azimullah
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, UAE
| | - Rami Beiram
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, UAE
| | - Fakhreya Y. Jalal
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, UAE
| | - Gary A. Rosenberg
- Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA
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Amaro S, Jiménez-Altayó F, Chamorro Á. Uric acid therapy for vasculoprotection in acute ischemic stroke. Brain Circ 2019; 5:55-61. [PMID: 31334357 PMCID: PMC6611195 DOI: 10.4103/bc.bc_1_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Uric acid (UA) is a product of the catabolism of purine nucleotides, the principal constituents of DNA, RNA, and cellular energy stores, such as adenosine triphosphate. The main properties of UA include scavenging of hydroxyl radicals, superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, and peroxynitrite that make this compound to be the most potent antioxidant in the human plasma. As the result of two silencing mutations in the gene of the hepatic enzyme uricase which degrades UA to allantoin, humans have higher levels of UA than most mammals. However, these levels rapidly decrease following an acute ischemic stroke (AIS), and this decrement has been associated to worse stroke outcomes. This review highlights the safety and potential clinical value of UA therapy in AIS, particularly in patients more exposed to redox-mediated mechanism following the onset of ischemia, such as women, hyperglycemic patients, or patients treated with mechanical thrombectomy. The clinical findings are supported by preclinical data gathered in different laboratories, and in assorted animal species which include male and female individuals or animals harboring comorbidities frequently encountered in patients with AIS, such as hyperglycemia or hypertension. A remarkable finding in these studies is that UA targets its main effects in the brain vasculature since available evidence suggests that does not seem to cross the blood–brain barrier. Altogether, the available data with UA therapy extend the importance of vasculoprotection for effective neuroprotection at the bedside and reinforce the role of endothelial cells after brain ischemia for an increased survival of the whole neurovascular unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Amaro
- Comprehensive Stroke Center, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Neuroscience, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Jiménez-Altayó
- Department de Farmacologia, de Terapèutica i de Toxicologia, Facultat de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ángel Chamorro
- Comprehensive Stroke Center, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Neuroscience, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Hua W, Yang X, Chen X, Ren H, Hong M, Wu H, Wang J. WITHDRAWN: Mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets for intracerebral hemorrhage. BRAIN HEMORRHAGES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hest.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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48
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PGE 2 signaling via the neuronal EP2 receptor increases injury in a model of cerebral ischemia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:10019-10024. [PMID: 31036664 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1818544116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) EP2 receptor is a master suppressor of beneficial microglial function, and myeloid EP2 signaling ablation reduces pathology in models of inflammatory neurodegeneration. Here, we investigated the role of PGE2 EP2 signaling in a model of stroke in which the initial cerebral ischemic event is followed by an extended poststroke inflammatory response. Myeloid lineage cell-specific EP2 knockdown in Cd11bCre;EP2lox/lox mice attenuated brain infiltration of Cd11b+CD45hi macrophages and CD45+Ly6Ghi neutrophils, indicating that inflammatory EP2 signaling participates in the poststroke immune response. Inducible global deletion of the EP2 receptor in adult ROSA26-CreERT2 (ROSACreER);EP2lox/lox mice also reduced brain myeloid cell trafficking but additionally reduced stroke severity, suggesting that nonimmune EP2 receptor-expressing cell types contribute to cerebral injury. EP2 receptor expression was highly induced in neurons in the ischemic hemisphere, and postnatal deletion of the neuronal EP2 receptor in Thy1Cre;EP2lox/lox mice reduced cerebral ischemic injury. These findings diverge from previous studies of congenitally null EP2 receptor mice where a global deletion increases cerebral ischemic injury. Moreover, ROSACreER;EP2lox/lox mice, unlike EP2-/- mice, exhibited normal learning and memory, suggesting a confounding effect from congenital EP2 receptor deletion. Taken together with a precedent that inhibition of EP2 signaling is protective in inflammatory neurodegeneration, these data lend support to translational approaches targeting the EP2 receptor to reduce inflammation and neuronal injury that occur after stroke.
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Zeng J, Wang Y, Luo Z, Chang LC, Yoo JS, Yan H, Choi Y, Xie X, Deverman BE, Gradinaru V, Gupton SL, Zlokovic BV, Zhao Z, Jung JU. TRIM9-Mediated Resolution of Neuroinflammation Confers Neuroprotection upon Ischemic Stroke in Mice. Cell Rep 2019; 27:549-560.e6. [PMID: 30970257 PMCID: PMC6485958 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.12.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive and unresolved neuroinflammation is a key component of the pathological cascade in brain injuries such as ischemic stroke. Here, we report that TRIM9, a brain-specific tripartite motif (TRIM) protein, was highly expressed in the peri-infarct areas shortly after ischemic insults in mice, but expression was decreased in aged mice, which are known to have increased neuroinflammation after stroke. Mechanistically, TRIM9 sequestered β-transducin repeat-containing protein (β-TrCP) from the Skp-Cullin-F-box ubiquitin ligase complex, blocking IκBα degradation and thereby dampening nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)-dependent proinflammatory mediator production and immune cell infiltration to limit neuroinflammation. Consequently, Trim9-deficient mice were highly vulnerable to ischemia, manifesting uncontrolled neuroinflammation and exacerbated neuropathological outcomes. Systemic administration of a recombinant TRIM9 adeno-associated virus that drove brain-wide TRIM9 expression effectively resolved neuroinflammation and alleviated neuronal death, especially in aged mice. These findings reveal that TRIM9 is essential for resolving NF-κB-dependent neuroinflammation to promote recovery and repair after brain injury and may represent an attractive therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxiong Zeng
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Yaoming Wang
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Zhifei Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Lin-Chun Chang
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Ji Seung Yoo
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Huan Yan
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Younho Choi
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Xiaochun Xie
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Benjamin E Deverman
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Viviana Gradinaru
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Stephanie L Gupton
- Neuroscience Center and Curriculum in Neurobiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Berislav V Zlokovic
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
| | - Zhen Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
| | - Jae U Jung
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA; Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
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50
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Hennebelle M, Metherel AH, Kitson AP, Otoki Y, Yang J, Lee KSS, Hammock BD, Bazinet RP, Taha AY. Brain oxylipin concentrations following hypercapnia/ischemia: effects of brain dissection and dissection time. J Lipid Res 2019; 60:671-682. [PMID: 30463986 PMCID: PMC6399504 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.d084228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
PUFAs are precursors to bioactive oxylipin metabolites that increase in the brain following CO2-induced hypercapnia/ischemia. It is not known whether the brain-dissection process and its duration also alter these metabolites. We applied CO2 with or without head-focused microwave fixation for 2 min to evaluate the effects of CO2-induced asphyxiation, dissection, and dissection time on brain oxylipin concentrations. Compared with head-focused microwave fixation (control), CO2 followed by microwave fixation prior to dissection increased oxylipins derived from lipoxygenase (LOX), 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH), cytochrome P450 (CYP), and soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) enzymatic pathways. This effect was enhanced when the duration of postmortem ischemia was prolonged by 6.4 min prior to microwave fixation. Brains dissected from rats subjected to CO2 without microwave fixation showed greater increases in LOX, PGDH, CYP and sEH metabolites compared with all other groups, as well as increased cyclooxygenase metabolites. In nonmicrowave-irradiated brains, sEH metabolites and one CYP metabolite correlated positively and negatively with dissection time, respectively. This study presents new evidence that the dissection process and its duration increase brain oxylipin concentrations, and that this is preventable by microwave fixation. When microwave fixation is not available, lipidomic studies should account for dissection time to reduce these artifacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Hennebelle
- Departments of Food Science and Technology University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Adam H Metherel
- Department of Nutritional Sciences Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Alex P Kitson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yurika Otoki
- Departments of Food Science and Technology University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
- Food and Biodynamic Laboratory Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Jun Yang
- Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
- College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, and Comprehensive Cancer Center University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Kin Sing Stephen Lee
- Departments of Food Science and Technology University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
- College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, and Comprehensive Cancer Center University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
- College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, and Comprehensive Cancer Center University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
| | - Richard P Bazinet
- Department of Nutritional Sciences Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ameer Y Taha
- Departments of Food Science and Technology University of California, Davis, Davis, CA
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