1
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Pedrazo-Tardajos A, Claes N, Wang D, Sánchez-Iglesias A, Nandi P, Jenkinson K, De Meyer R, Liz-Marzán LM, Bals S. Direct visualization of ligands on gold nanoparticles in a liquid environment. Nat Chem 2024; 16:1278-1285. [PMID: 38937593 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-024-01574-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
The interactions between gold nanoparticles, their surface ligands and the solvent critically influence the properties of these nanoparticles. Although spectroscopic and scattering techniques have been used to investigate their ensemble structure, a comprehensive understanding of these processes at the nanoscale remains challenging. Electron microscopy makes it possible to characterize the local structure and composition but is limited by insufficient contrast, electron beam sensitivity and the requirement for ultrahigh-vacuum conditions, which prevent the investigation of dynamic aspects. Here we show that, by exploiting high-quality graphene liquid cells, we can overcome these limitations and investigate the structure of the ligand shell around gold nanoparticles and at the ligand-gold interface in a liquid environment. Using this graphene liquid cell, we visualize the anisotropy, composition and dynamics of ligand distribution on gold nanorod surfaces. Our results indicate a micellar model for surfactant organization. This work provides a reliable and direct visualization of ligand distribution around colloidal nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Pedrazo-Tardajos
- EMAT-University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Claes
- EMAT-University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Da Wang
- EMAT-University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ana Sánchez-Iglesias
- CIC biomaGUNE, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Proloy Nandi
- EMAT-University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Kellie Jenkinson
- EMAT-University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Robin De Meyer
- EMAT-University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Luis M Liz-Marzán
- CIC biomaGUNE, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CIBER-BBN, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
- Cinbio, Universidade de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Sara Bals
- EMAT-University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
- NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
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2
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Iwai H, Nishino F, Yamamoto T, Kudo M, Tsushida M, Yoshida H, Machida M, Ohyama J. Atomic-Scale 3D Structure of a Supported Pd Nanoparticle Revealed by Electron Tomography with Convolution Neural Network-Based Image Inpainting. SMALL METHODS 2024; 8:e2301163. [PMID: 38044263 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Electron tomography based on scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) is used to analyze 3D structures of metal nanoparticles on the atomic scale. However, in the case of supported metal nanoparticle catalysts, the supporting material may interfere with the 3D reconstruction of metal nanoparticles. In this study, a deep learning-based image inpainting method is applied to high-angle annular dark field (HAADF)-STEM images of a supported metal nanoparticle to predict and remove the background image of the support. The inpainting method can separate an 11 nm Pd nanoparticle from the θ-Al2O3 support in HAADF-STEM images of the θ-Al2O3-supported Pd catalyst. 3D reconstruction of the extracted images of the Pd nanoparticle reveals that the Pd nanoparticle adopts a deformed structure of the cuboctahedron model particle, resulting in high index surfaces, which account for the high catalytic activity for methane combustion. Using the xyz coordinate of each Pd atom, the local Pd-Pd bond distance and its variance in a real supported Pd nanoparticle are visualized, showing large strain and disorder at the Pd-Al2O3 interface. The results demonstrate that 3D atomic-scale analysis enables atomic structure-based understanding and design of supported metal catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Iwai
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Fumiya Nishino
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Yamamoto
- The Ultramicroscopy Research Center, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Masaki Kudo
- The Ultramicroscopy Research Center, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | | | - Hiroshi Yoshida
- Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Masato Machida
- Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Junya Ohyama
- Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
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3
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Van Gordon K, Ni B, Girod R, Mychinko M, Bevilacqua F, Bals S, Liz-Marzán LM. Single Crystal and Pentatwinned Gold Nanorods Result in Chiral Nanocrystals with Reverse Handedness. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202403116. [PMID: 38646964 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202403116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Handedness is an essential attribute of chiral nanocrystals, having a major influence on their properties. During chemical growth, the handedness of nanocrystals is usually tuned by selecting the corresponding enantiomer of chiral molecules involved in asymmetric growth, often known as chiral inducers. We report that, even using the same chiral inducer enantiomer, the handedness of chiral gold nanocrystals can be reversed by using Au nanorod seeds with either single crystalline or pentatwinned structure. This effect holds for chiral growth induced both by amino acids and by chiral micelles. Although it was challenging to discern the morphological handedness for L-cystine-directed particles, even using electron tomography, both cases showed circular dichroism bands of opposite sign, with nearly mirrored chiroptical signatures for chiral micelle-directed growth, along with quasi-helical wrinkles of inverted handedness. These results expand the chiral growth toolbox with an effect that might be exploited to yield a host of interesting morphologies with tunable optical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Van Gordon
- CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Bing Ni
- Physical Chemistry, University of Konstanz, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
- Present address: Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, MI, 48109-2102, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Robin Girod
- EMAT and NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, B-2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Mikhail Mychinko
- EMAT and NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, B-2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Francisco Bevilacqua
- CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Sara Bals
- EMAT and NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, B-2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Luis M Liz-Marzán
- CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48009, Bilbao, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center, Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, 20014, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Cinbio, Universidade de Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Spain
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4
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Chepkasov IV, Radina AD, Kvashnin AG. Structure-driven tuning of catalytic properties of core-shell nanostructures. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:5870-5892. [PMID: 38450538 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr06194a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The annual increase in demand for renewable energy is driving the development of catalysis-based technologies that generate, store and convert clean energy by splitting and forming chemical bonds. Thanks to efforts over the last two decades, great progress has been made in the use of core-shell nanostructures to improve the performance of metallic catalysts. The successful preparation and application of a large number of bimetallic core-shell nanocrystals demonstrates the wide range of possibilities they offer and suggests further advances in this field. Here, we have reviewed recent advances in the synthesis and study of core-shell nanostructures that are promising for catalysis. Particular attention has been paid to the structural tuning of the catalytic properties of core-shell nanostructures and to theoretical methods capable of describing their catalytic properties in order to efficiently search for new catalysts with desired properties. We have also identified the most promising areas of research in this field, in terms of experimental and theoretical studies, and in terms of promising materials to be studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya V Chepkasov
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 121205, Bolshoi Blv. 30, Building 1, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Aleksandra D Radina
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 121205, Bolshoi Blv. 30, Building 1, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Alexander G Kvashnin
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 121205, Bolshoi Blv. 30, Building 1, Moscow, Russia.
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5
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Wang W, Wang S, Gu Y, Zhou J, Zhang J. Contact-separation-induced self-recoverable mechanoluminescence of CaF 2:Tb 3+/PDMS elastomer. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2014. [PMID: 38443411 PMCID: PMC10914845 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46432-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Centrosymmetric-oxide/polydimethylsiloxane elastomers emit ultra-strong non-pre-irradiation mechanoluminescence under stress and are considered one of the most ideal mechanoluminescence materials. However, previous centrosymmetric-oxide/polydimethylsiloxane elastomers show severe mechanoluminescence degradation under stretching, which limits their use in applications. Here we show an elastomer based on centrosymmetric fluoride CaF2:Tb3+ and polydimethylsiloxane, with mechanoluminescence that can self-recover after each stretching. Experimentation indicates that the self-recoverable mechanoluminescence of the CaF2:Tb3+/polydimethylsiloxane elastomer occurs essentially due to contact electrification arising from contact-separation interactions between the centrosymmetric phosphors and the polydimethylsiloxane. Accordingly, a contact-separation cycle model of the phosphor-polydimethylsiloxane couple is established, and first-principles calculations are performed to model state energies in the contact-separation cycle. The results reveal that the fluoride-polydimethylsiloxane couple helps to induce contact electrification and maintain the contact-separation cycle at the interface, resulting in the self-recoverable mechanoluminescence of the CaF2:Tb3+/polydimethylsiloxane elastomer. Therefore, it would be a good strategy to develop self-recoverable mechanoluminescence elastomers based on centrosymmetric fluoride phosphors and polydimethylsiloxane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiang Wang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Optical Conversion Materials and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shanwen Wang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Optical Conversion Materials and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yan Gu
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Optical Conversion Materials and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jinyu Zhou
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Optical Conversion Materials and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jiachi Zhang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Optical Conversion Materials and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P. R. China.
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6
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Zhao Y, Wen H, Yang Y, Dong J, Feng W, Zhang H, Liu Z, Liu C. A STEM tomographic multiplication nano-moiré method. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:18762-18774. [PMID: 37955185 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr03967f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Heterojunction optoelectronic technology has extensive applications in modern optoelectronics. The lattice quality and mismatch strain near the heterojunction interface significantly affect the photoelectric performance of a photoelectronic device. Therefore, accurately characterizing the internal three-dimensional (3D) strain at the interface in a large field is essential to evaluate the heterojunction optoelectronic device quality. Here, we propose a tomographic multiplication nano-moiré method for internal 3D strain measurements in a large field. This method operates by combining the depth sectioning technique of scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) with the multiplication moiré method. A mutual overlapping analytical method based on spherical aberration correction is adopted in 3D reconstruction to achieve the nanometer resolution in the depth direction. The developed method overcomes the small measurement field of view (FOV) limitation of the conventional transmission electron microscope and provides high resolution and a large measurement volume, potentially facilitating the evaluation of the large-scale 3D internal lattice quality and strain field characterization. Using the proposed method, the 3D distribution of dislocations and strain fields in the [011] direction at the heterojunction interface of the InP/InGaAs nanomaterial is intuitively, clearly, and comprehensively revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Zhao
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Huihui Wen
- School of Electrical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Yang Yang
- AECC Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jie Dong
- Institute for Measurement Systems and Sensor Technology, Technical University of Munich, Munich 80333, Germany
| | - Wei Feng
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Hongye Zhang
- School of Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhanwei Liu
- School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Chao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Semiconductor Materials Science, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100083, China
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7
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Hou Z, Cui C, Li Y, Gao Y, Zhu D, Gu Y, Pan G, Zhu Y, Zhang T. Lattice-Strain Engineering for Heterogenous Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution Reaction. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2209876. [PMID: 36639855 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202209876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The energy efficiency of metal-air batteries and water-splitting techniques is severely constrained by multiple electronic transfers in the heterogenous oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and the high overpotential induced by the sluggish kinetics has become an uppermost scientific challenge. Numerous attempts are devoted to enabling high activity, selectivity, and stability via tailoring the surface physicochemical properties of nanocatalysts. Lattice-strain engineering as a cutting-edge method for tuning the electronic and geometric configuration of metal sites plays a pivotal role in regulating the interaction of catalytic surfaces with adsorbate molecules. By defining the d-band center as a descriptor of the structure-activity relationship, the individual contribution of strain effects within state-of-the-art electrocatalysts can be systematically elucidated in the OER optimization mechanism. In this review, the fundamentals of the OER and the advancements of strain-catalysts are showcased and the innovative trigger strategies are enumerated, with particular emphasis on the feedback mechanism between the precise regulation of lattice-strain and optimal activity. Subsequently, the modulation of electrocatalysts with various attributes is categorized and the impediments encountered in the practicalization of strained effect are discussed, ending with an outlook on future research directions for this burgeoning field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqian Hou
- State Key Lab of High-Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Chenghao Cui
- State Key Lab of High-Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yanni Li
- State Key Lab of High-Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yingjie Gao
- State Key Lab of High-Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Deming Zhu
- State Key Lab of High-Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yuanfan Gu
- State Key Lab of High-Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Guoyu Pan
- State Key Lab of High-Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yaqiong Zhu
- State Key Lab of High-Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Lab of High-Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1295 Dingxi Road, Shanghai, 200050, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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8
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Mbah CF, Wang J, Englisch S, Bommineni P, Varela-Rosales NR, Spiecker E, Vogel N, Engel M. Early-stage bifurcation of crystallization in a sphere. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5299. [PMID: 37652966 PMCID: PMC10471623 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41001-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Bifurcations in kinetic pathways decide the evolution of a system. An example is crystallization, in which the thermodynamically stable polymorph may not form due to kinetic hindrance. Here, we use confined self-assembly to investigate the interplay of thermodynamics and kinetics in the crystallization pathways of finite clusters. We report the observation of decahedral clusters from colloidal particles in emulsion droplets and show that these decahedral clusters can be thermodynamically stable, just like icosahedral clusters. Our hard sphere simulations reveal how the development of the early nucleus shape passes through a bifurcation that decides the cluster symmetry. A geometric argument explains why decahedral clusters are kinetically hindered and why icosahedral clusters can be dominant even if they are not in the thermodynamic ground state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrameh Fru Mbah
- Institute for Multiscale Simulation, IZNF, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Junwei Wang
- Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Silvan Englisch
- Institute of Micro- and Nanostructure Research and Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy, IZNF, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Praveen Bommineni
- Institute for Multiscale Simulation, IZNF, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal, Telangana, 506004, India
| | - Nydia Roxana Varela-Rosales
- Institute for Multiscale Simulation, IZNF, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Erdmann Spiecker
- Institute of Micro- and Nanostructure Research and Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy, IZNF, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nicolas Vogel
- Institute of Particle Technology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Michael Engel
- Institute for Multiscale Simulation, IZNF, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.
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9
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De Backer A, Bals S, Van Aert S. A decade of atom-counting in STEM: From the first results toward reliable 3D atomic models from a single projection. Ultramicroscopy 2023; 247:113702. [PMID: 36796120 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2023.113702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative structure determination is needed in order to study and understand nanomaterials at the atomic scale. Materials characterisation resulting in precise structural information is a crucial point to understand the structure-property relation of materials. Counting the number of atoms and retrieving the 3D atomic structure of nanoparticles plays an important role here. In this paper, an overview will be given of the atom-counting methodology and its applications over the past decade. The procedure to count the number of atoms will be discussed in detail and it will be shown how the performance of the method can be further improved. Furthermore, advances toward mixed element nanostructures, 3D atomic modelling based on the atom-counting results, and quantifying the nanoparticle dynamics will be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- A De Backer
- Electron Microscopy for Materials Science (EMAT), University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium; NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - S Bals
- Electron Microscopy for Materials Science (EMAT), University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium; NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - S Van Aert
- Electron Microscopy for Materials Science (EMAT), University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium; NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium.
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10
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Liu H, Vladár AE, Wang PP, Ouyang M. Tuning Geometric Chirality in Metallic and Hybrid Nanostructures by Controlled Nanoscale Crystal Symmetry Breaking. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:7495-7503. [PMID: 36952630 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c00503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Understanding and controlling chirality in inorganic crystalline materials at the nanoscale is crucial in elucidating fundamental chirality-dependent physical and chemical processes as well as advancing new technological prospects, but significant challenges remain due to the lack of material control. Here, we have developed a facile and general bottom-up synthetic strategy for achieving chiral plasmonic Au nanostructures, including nanocubes and nanorods with fine chirality control. The underlying chiral mechanism enabled by the chiral boundary morphology is substantiated by theoretical modeling and finite element method (FEM) simulation. Because of the robustness of induced handedness and their small size, these as-synthesized chiral nanostructures can be further employed as building blocks toward the formation of complex chiral nanostructures. We have demonstrated a new class of chiral hybrid metal-semiconductor nanostructures that can allow integration of chirality with other properties and functionalities. All of these together have paved the way to engineer nanoscale inorganic chirality and thus study various emerging chirality-entangled effects with practical technological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyu Liu
- Department of Physics and Quantum Materials Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - András E Vladár
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Peng-Peng Wang
- Department of Physics and Quantum Materials Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
| | - Min Ouyang
- Department of Physics and Quantum Materials Center, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, United States
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11
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Palani S, Kenison JP, Sabuncu S, Huang T, Civitci F, Esener S, Nan X. Multispectral Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (msLSPR) Reveals and Overcomes Spectral and Sensing Heterogeneities of Single Gold Nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2023; 17:2266-2278. [PMID: 36660770 PMCID: PMC9933608 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c08702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Metal nanoparticles can be sensitive molecular sensors due to enhanced absorption and scattering of light near a localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). Variations in both intrinsic properties such as the geometry and extrinsic properties such as the environment can cause heterogeneity in nanoparticle LSPR and impact the overall sensing responses. To date, however, few studies have examined LSPR and sensing heterogeneities, due to technical challenges in obtaining the full LSPR spectra of individual nanoparticles in dynamic assays. Here, we report multispectral LSPR (msLSPR), a wide-field imaging technique for real-time spectral monitoring of light scattering from individual nanoparticles across the whole field of view (FOV) at ∼0.5 nm spectral and ∼100 ms temporal resolutions. Using msLSPR, we studied the spectral and sensing properties of gold nanoparticles commonly used in LSPR assays, including spheres, rods, and bipyramids. Complemented with electron microscopy imaging, msLSPR analysis revealed that all classes of gold nanoparticles exhibited variations in LSPR peak wavelengths that largely paralleled variations in morphology. Compared with the rods and spheres, gold nanobipyramids exhibited both more uniform and stronger sensing responses as long as the bipyramids are structurally intact. Simulations incorporating the experimental LSPR properties demonstrate the negative impact of spectral heterogeneity on the overall performance of conventional, intensity-based LSPR assays and the ability of msLSPR in overcoming both particle heterogeneity and measurement noise. These results highlight the importance of spectral heterogeneity in LSPR-based sensors and the potential advantage of performing LSPR assays in the spectral domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Palani
- Knight
Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 2720 S. Moody Ave., Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health
& Science University, 2730 S Moody Ave., Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | - John P. Kenison
- Knight
Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 2720 S. Moody Ave., Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | - Sinan Sabuncu
- Knight
Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 2720 S. Moody Ave., Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | - Tao Huang
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health
& Science University, 2730 S Moody Ave., Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | - Fehmi Civitci
- Knight
Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 2720 S. Moody Ave., Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | - Sadik Esener
- Knight
Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 2720 S. Moody Ave., Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health
& Science University, 2730 S Moody Ave., Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
| | - Xiaolin Nan
- Knight
Cancer Early Detection Advanced Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 2720 S. Moody Ave., Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health
& Science University, 2730 S Moody Ave., Portland, Oregon 97201, United States
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12
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Mao X, Qin Z, Ge S, Rong C, Zhang B, Xuan F. Strain engineering of electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:340-360. [PMID: 36541087 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh01171a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
As the key half reaction of water-splitting electrolysis, the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) that occurs at the cathode directly determines the overall efficiency of hydrogen production. To improve the efficiency of electrochemical water splitting for hydrogen generation, efficient and robust catalysts need to be developed. Strain engineering, which represents an effective and promising category of strategies, can regulate the electronic structures of catalysts by modulating the lattice strain and ultimately optimizing the HER dynamics. This work critically reviews the recent progress of strain engineering in HER and provides future perspectives for this area. The methods and characterization techniques are also introduced in detail. Hopefully this review can provide guidelines for the design and manufacturing of advanced catalysts for HER and other heterogeneous catalysis reactions such as chemical sensing, CO2 reduction and NH3 synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyuan Mao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Detection Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Pressure Systems and Safety of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Zhuhui Qin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Detection Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Pressure Systems and Safety of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Shundong Ge
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Detection Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Pressure Systems and Safety of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Chao Rong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Detection Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Pressure Systems and Safety of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Bowei Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Detection Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Pressure Systems and Safety of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Fuzhen Xuan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Intelligent Sensing and Detection Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Pressure Systems and Safety of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
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13
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Ni B, Mychinko M, Gómez-Graña S, Morales-Vidal J, Obelleiro-Liz M, Heyvaert W, Vila-Liarte D, Zhuo X, Albrecht W, Zheng G, González-Rubio G, Taboada JM, Obelleiro F, López N, Pérez-Juste J, Pastoriza-Santos I, Cölfen H, Bals S, Liz-Marzán LM. Chiral Seeded Growth of Gold Nanorods Into Fourfold Twisted Nanoparticles with Plasmonic Optical Activity. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2208299. [PMID: 36239273 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202208299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A robust and reproducible methodology to prepare stable inorganic nanoparticles with chiral morphology may hold the key to the practical utilization of these materials. An optimized chiral growth method to prepare fourfold twisted gold nanorods is described herein, where the amino acid cysteine is used as a dissymmetry inducer. Four tilted ridges are found to develop on the surface of single-crystal nanorods upon repeated reduction of HAuCl4 , in the presence of cysteine as the chiral inducer and ascorbic acid as a reducing agent. From detailed electron microscopy analysis of the crystallographic structures, it is proposed that the dissymmetry results from the development of chiral facets in the form of protrusions (tilted ridges) on the initial nanorods, eventually leading to a twisted shape. The role of cysteine is attributed to assisting enantioselective facet evolution, which is supported by density functional theory simulations of the surface energies, modified upon adsorption of the chiral molecule. The development of R-type and S-type chiral structures (small facets, terraces, or kinks) would thus be non-equal, removing the mirror symmetry of the Au NR and in turn resulting in a markedly chiral morphology with high plasmonic optical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Ni
- Physical Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Mikhail Mychinko
- EMAT, University of Antwerp, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
- NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sergio Gómez-Graña
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Departamento de Química Física, Campus Universitario As Lagoas, 36310, Marcosende Vigo, Spain
| | - Jordi Morales-Vidal
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Avinguda Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Avinguda Catalunya, 35, 43002, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Manuel Obelleiro-Liz
- EM3WORKS, Spin-off of the University of Vigo and the University of Extremadura, PTL Valladares, 36315, Vigo, Spain
| | - Wouter Heyvaert
- EMAT, University of Antwerp, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
- NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - David Vila-Liarte
- CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER- BBN), 20014, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of the Basque Country, 20018, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Xiaolu Zhuo
- CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Wiebke Albrecht
- EMAT, University of Antwerp, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
- NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Guangchao Zheng
- School of Physics and Microelectronics, Key laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | | | - José M Taboada
- Departamento de Tecnología de los Computadores y Comunicaciones, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Fernando Obelleiro
- Departamento de Teoría de la Señal y Comunicaciones, University of Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Núria López
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Avinguda Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jorge Pérez-Juste
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Departamento de Química Física, Campus Universitario As Lagoas, 36310, Marcosende Vigo, Spain
| | - Isabel Pastoriza-Santos
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Departamento de Química Física, Campus Universitario As Lagoas, 36310, Marcosende Vigo, Spain
| | - Helmut Cölfen
- Physical Chemistry, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, 78457, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Sara Bals
- EMAT, University of Antwerp, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
- NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Luis M Liz-Marzán
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Departamento de Química Física, Campus Universitario As Lagoas, 36310, Marcosende Vigo, Spain
- CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials, and Nanomedicine (CIBER- BBN), 20014, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 20014, Bilbao, Spain
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14
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Wang S, Liu X, Mourdikoudis S, Chen J, Fu W, Sofer Z, Zhang Y, Zhang S, Zheng G. Chiral Au Nanorods: Synthesis, Chirality Origin, and Applications. ACS NANO 2022; 16:19789-19809. [PMID: 36454684 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c08145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Chiral Au nanorods (c-Au NRs) with diverse architectures constitute an interesting nanospecies in the field of chiral nanophotonics. The numerous possible plasmonic behaviors of Au NRs can be coupled with chirality to initiate, tune, and amplify their chiroptical response. Interdisciplinary technologies have boosted the development of fabrication and applications of c-Au NRs. Herein, we have focused on the role of chirality in c-Au NRs which helps to manipulate the light-matter interaction in nontraditional ways. A broad overview on the chirality origin, chirality transfer, chiroptical activities, artificially synthetic methodologies, and circularly polarized applications of c-Au NRs will be summarized and discussed. A deeper understanding of light-matter interaction in c-Au NRs will help to manipulate the chirality at the nanoscale, reveal the natural evolution process taking place, and set up a series of circularly polarized applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenli Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Road 100, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Xing Liu
- School of Physics and Microelectronics, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Stefanos Mourdikoudis
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, 16628, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jie Chen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Lianhua Road 100, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Fu
- School of Physics and Microelectronics, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Zdeněk Sofer
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague, Technicka 5, 16628, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Yuan Zhang
- School of Physics and Microelectronics, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Shunping Zhang
- School of Physics and Technology and Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, Wuhan430072, P. R. China
| | - Guangchao Zheng
- School of Physics and Microelectronics, Key Laboratory of Material Physics, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
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15
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Zhuo X, Mychinko M, Heyvaert W, Larios D, Obelleiro-Liz M, Taboada JM, Bals S, Liz-Marzán LM. Morphological and Optical Transitions during Micelle-Seeded Chiral Growth on Gold Nanorods. ACS NANO 2022; 16:19281-19292. [PMID: 36288463 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c08668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Chiral plasmonics is a rapidly developing field where breakthroughs and unsolved problems coexist. We have recently reported binary surfactant-assisted seeded growth of chiral gold nanorods (Au NRs) with high chiroptical activity. Such a seeded-growth process involves the use of a chiral cosurfactant that induces micellar helicity, in turn driving the transition from achiral to chiral Au NRs, from both the morphological and the optical points of view. We report herein a detailed study on both transitions, which reveals intermediate states that were hidden so far. The correlation between structure and optical response is carefully analyzed, including the (linear and CD) spectral evolution over time, electron tomography, the impact of NR dimensions on their optical response, the variation of the absorption-to-scattering ratio during the evolution from achiral to chiral Au NRs, and the near-field enhancement related to chiral plasmon modes. Our findings provide further understanding of the growth process of chiral Au NRs and the associated optical changes, which will facilitate further study and applications of chiral nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Zhuo
- CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón 182, 20014 Donostia-San, Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Paseo de Miramón 182, 20014 Donostia-San, Sebastián, Spain
| | - Mikhail Mychinko
- Electron Microscopy for Materials Research (EMAT) and NANOlab Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Wouter Heyvaert
- Electron Microscopy for Materials Research (EMAT) and NANOlab Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - David Larios
- Departamento de Tecnología de los Computadores y de las Comunicaciones, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Manuel Obelleiro-Liz
- EM3 Works, Spin-off of the University of Vigo and the University of Extremadura, PTL Valladares, 36315 Vigo, Spain
| | - José M Taboada
- Departamento de Tecnología de los Computadores y de las Comunicaciones, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Sara Bals
- Electron Microscopy for Materials Research (EMAT) and NANOlab Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Luis M Liz-Marzán
- CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón 182, 20014 Donostia-San, Sebastián, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Paseo de Miramón 182, 20014 Donostia-San, Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
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16
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Zulfiqar A, Azim S, Ortega E, de Jonge N. Automated calculations for computing the sample-limited spatial resolution in (scanning) transmission electron microscopy. Ultramicroscopy 2022; 242:113611. [PMID: 36116335 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2022.113611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
MATLAB scripts were designed to compute the sample-limited spatial resolution in transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning TEM (STEM) as a function of different microscopy parameters including the electron dose eD, sample geometry, and materials parameters. The scripts can be used to select the optimum microscopy modality and optimize the experimental conditions to achieve the best possible resolution considering the limitations set by both the electron optics and the examined sample. The resolution can be computed as function of the objective opening semi-angle α for TEM and detector opening semi-angle β for STEM. Optional code for computing a range over the sample thickness t or eD are provided as well, whereby the opening angle is optimized for each data point. The spatial resolution depends on the type of material of the nanoscale object (for example, gold or carbon nanoparticles), the type of matrix holding the objects (for example, water or ice), the depth of the nanoscale object inside the matrix, and eD. The optimization is consistent with the typical situation that carbon nanoparticles are best examined with TEM embedded in a thin matrix (t = 0.1 µm), while STEM is better suited for high atomic number objects such as gold nanoparticles in water, irrespective of t. The script also calculates the reduction of beam broadening in thick samples (t > 1 µm) using bright field STEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abid Zulfiqar
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany; Department of Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany
| | - Sana Azim
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany
| | - Eduardo Ortega
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany
| | - Niels de Jonge
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany; Department of Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken 66123, Germany.
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17
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Jenkinson K, Liz-Marzán LM, Bals S. Multimode Electron Tomography Sheds Light on Synthesis, Structure, and Properties of Complex Metal-Based Nanoparticles. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2110394. [PMID: 35438805 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202110394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Electron tomography has become a cornerstone technique for the visualization of nanoparticle morphology in three dimensions. However, to obtain in-depth information about a nanoparticle beyond surface faceting and morphology, different electron microscopy signals must be combined. The most notable examples of these combined signals include annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (ADF-STEM) with different collection angles and the combination of ADF-STEM with energy-dispersive X-ray or electron energy loss spectroscopies. Here, the experimental and computational development of various multimode tomography techniques in connection to the fundamental materials science challenges that multimode tomography has been instrumental to overcoming are summarized. Although the techniques can be applied to a wide variety of compositions, the study is restricted to metal and metal oxide nanoparticles for the sake of simplicity. Current challenges and future directions of multimode tomography are additionally discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellie Jenkinson
- EMAT and NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, 2020, Belgium
| | - Luis M Liz-Marzán
- CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Donostia-San Sebastián, 20014, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería Biomateriales, y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Donostia-San Sebastián, 20014, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48009, Spain
| | - Sara Bals
- EMAT and NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, 2020, Belgium
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18
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Miao Y, Zhao Y, Zhang S, Shi R, Zhang T. Strain Engineering: A Boosting Strategy for Photocatalysis. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2200868. [PMID: 35304927 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202200868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Whilst the photocatalytic technique is considered to be one of the most significant routes to address the energy crisis and global environmental challenges, the solar-to-chemical conversion efficiency is still far from satisfying practical industrial requirements, which can be traced to the suboptimal bandgap and electronic structure of photocatalysts. Strain engineering is a universal scheme that can finely tailor the bandgap and electronic structure of materials, hence supplying a novel avenue to boost their photocatalytic performance. Accordingly, to explore promising directions for certain breakthroughs in strained photocatalysts, an overview on the recent advances of strain engineering from the basics of strain effect, creations of strained materials, as well as characterizations and simulations of strain level is provided. Besides, the potential applications of strain engineering in photocatalysis are summarized, and a vision for the future controllable-electronic-structure photocatalysts by strain engineering is also given. Finally, perspectives on the challenges for future strain-promoted photocatalysis are discussed, placing emphasis on the creation and decoupling of strain effect, and the modification of theoretical frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxuan Miao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yunxuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Run Shi
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Tierui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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19
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Sung J, Bae Y, Park H, Kang S, Choi BK, Kim J, Park J. Liquid-Phase Transmission Electron Microscopy for Reliable In Situ Imaging of Nanomaterials. Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng 2022; 13:167-191. [PMID: 35700529 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-092120-034534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Liquid-phase transmission electron microscopy (LPTEM) is a powerful in situ visualization technique for directly characterizing nanomaterials in the liquid state. Despite its successful application in many fields, several challenges remain in achieving more accurate and reliable observations. We present LPTEM in chemical and biological applications, including studies for the morphological transformation and dynamics of nanoparticles, battery systems, catalysis, biomolecules, and organic systems. We describe the possible interactions and effects of the electron beam on specimens during observation and present sample-specific approaches to mitigate and control these electron-beam effects. We provide recent advances in achieving atomic-level resolution for liquid-phase investigation of structures anddynamics. Moreover, we discuss the development of liquid cell platforms and the introduction of machine-learning data processing for quantitative and objective LPTEM analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongbaek Sung
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; , , , , , , .,Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuna Bae
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; , , , , , , .,Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hayoung Park
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; , , , , , , .,Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungsu Kang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; , , , , , , .,Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Back Kyu Choi
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; , , , , , , .,Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joodeok Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; , , , , , , .,Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungwon Park
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; , , , , , , .,Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Engineering Research, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Gwanggyo-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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20
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Acoustic Vibration Modes of Gold–Silver Core–Shell Nanoparticles. CHEMOSENSORS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors10050193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Bimetallic Au/Ag core–shell cuboid nanoparticles (NPs) exhibit a complex plasmonic response dominated by a dipolar longitudinal mode and higher-order transverse modes in the near-UV, which may be exploited for a range of applications. In this paper, we take advantage of the strong signature of these modes in the NP ultrafast transient optical response, measured by pump-probe transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy, to explore the NP vibrational landscape. The fast Fourier transform analysis of the TA dynamics reveals specific vibration modes in the frequency range 15–150 GHz, further studied by numerical simulations based on the finite element method. While bare Au nanorods exhibit extensional and breathing modes, the bimetallic NPs undergo more complex motions, involving the displacement of facets, edges and corners. The amplitude and frequency of these modes are shown to depend on the Ag shell thickness, as the silver load modifies the NP aspect ratio and mass. Moreover, the contributions of the vibrational modes to the experimental TA spectra are shown to vary with the probe laser wavelength at which the signal is monitored. Using the combined simulations of the NP elastic and optical properties, we elucidate this influence by analyzing the effect of the mechanisms involved in the acousto-plasmonic coupling.
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21
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Wang Z, Ke X, Sui M. Recent Progress on Revealing 3D Structure of Electrocatalysts Using Advanced 3D Electron Tomography: A Mini Review. Front Chem 2022; 10:872117. [PMID: 35355785 PMCID: PMC8959462 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.872117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrocatalysis plays a key role in clean energy innovation. In order to design more efficient, durable and selective electrocatalysts, a thorough understanding of the unique link between 3D structures and properties is essential yet challenging. Advanced 3D electron tomography offers an effective approach to reveal 3D structures by transmission electron microscopy. This mini-review summarizes recent progress on revealing 3D structures of electrocatalysts using 3D electron tomography. 3D electron tomography at nanoscale and atomic scale are discussed, respectively, where morphology, composition, porous structure, surface crystallography and atomic distribution can be revealed and correlated to the performance of electrocatalysts. (Quasi) in-situ 3D electron tomography is further discussed with particular focus on its impact on electrocatalysts’ durability investigation and post-treatment. Finally, perspectives on future developments of 3D electron tomography for eletrocatalysis is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiaoxing Ke
- *Correspondence: Xiaoxing Ke, ; Manling Sui,
| | - Manling Sui
- *Correspondence: Xiaoxing Ke, ; Manling Sui,
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22
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Chakraborty A, Dave H, Mondal B, Nonappa, Khatun E, Pradeep T. Shell-Isolated Assembly of Atomically Precise Nanoclusters on Gold Nanorods for Integrated Plasmonic-Luminescent Nanocomposites. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:1842-1851. [PMID: 35179896 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c10207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we integrate atomically precise noble metal nanoclusters (NCs) on gold nanorods (AuNRs) to create hybrid plasmonic-luminescent nanomaterials. Initially, we assemble luminescent Ag29(LA)12 NC (LA = lipoic acid) to silica shell-encapsulated AuNRs. The resulting nanostructure shows plasmon-enhanced luminescence in aqueous medium as well as in the solid state. Atomic precision of the fluorophores used in this case allows detailed characterization of individual nanocomposites by diverse techniques, including transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and 3D electron tomographic reconstruction. We extend this strategy to prepare similar structures with gold NC protected with bovine serum albumin (Au30BSA). These two examples demonstrate the generic nature of the present strategy in preparing plasmonic-luminescent hybrid nanostructures using atomically precise NCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Chakraborty
- DST Unit of Nanoscience and Thematic Unit of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Harsh Dave
- DST Unit of Nanoscience and Thematic Unit of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Biswajit Mondal
- DST Unit of Nanoscience and Thematic Unit of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Nonappa
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, FI-33720 Tampere, Finland
| | - Esma Khatun
- DST Unit of Nanoscience and Thematic Unit of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
| | - Thalappil Pradeep
- DST Unit of Nanoscience and Thematic Unit of Excellence, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600036, India
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23
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Wang YC, Wang ZL. The effect of post-acquisition data misalignments on the performance of STEM tomography. Ultramicroscopy 2022; 235:113498. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2022.113498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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24
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Zhou M, Liu J, Ling C, Ge Y, Chen B, Tan C, Fan Z, Huang J, Chen J, Liu Z, Huang Z, Ge J, Cheng H, Chen Y, Dai L, Yin P, Zhang X, Yun Q, Wang J, Zhang H. Synthesis of Pd 3 Sn and PdCuSn Nanorods with L1 2 Phase for Highly Efficient Electrocatalytic Ethanol Oxidation. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2106115. [PMID: 34601769 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202106115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The crystal phase of nanomaterials is one of the key parameters determining their physicochemical properties and performance in various applications. However, it still remains a great challenge to synthesize nanomaterials with different crystal phases while maintaining the same composition, size, and morphology. Here, a facile, one-pot, wet-chemical method is reported to synthesize Pd3 Sn nanorods with comparable size and morphology but different crystal phases, that is, an ordered intermetallic and a disordered alloy with L12 and face-centered cubic (fcc) phases, respectively. The crystal phase of the as-synthesized Pd3 Sn nanorods is easily tuned by altering the types of tin precursors and solvents. Moreover, the approach can also be used to synthesize ternary PdCuSn nanorods with the L12 crystal phase. When used as electrocatalysts, the L12 Pd3 Sn nanorods exhibit superior electrocatalytic performance toward the ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) compared to their fcc counterpart. Impressively, compared to the L12 Pd3 Sn nanorods, the ternary L12 PdCuSn nanorods exhibit more enhanced electrocatalytic performance toward the EOR, yielding a high mass current density up to 6.22 A mgPd -1 , which is superior to the commercial Pd/C catalyst and among the best reported Pd-based EOR electrocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhou
- Center for Programmable Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Jiawei Liu
- Center for Programmable Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Chongyi Ling
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Yiyao Ge
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chaoliang Tan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Zhanxi Fan
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, China
- Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Center (NPMM), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jingtao Huang
- Center for Programmable Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Junze Chen
- Center for Programmable Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Zhengqing Liu
- Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi'an, 710000, China
| | - Zhiqi Huang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jingjie Ge
- Center for Programmable Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Hongfei Cheng
- Center for Programmable Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Ye Chen
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong, China
| | - Lei Dai
- Key Laboratory for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Materials, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Pengfei Yin
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Center for Programmable Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Qinbai Yun
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jinlan Wang
- School of Physics, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518057, China
- Hong Kong Branch of National Precious Metals Material Engineering Research Center (NPMM), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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25
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Baek W, Chang H, Bootharaju MS, Kim JH, Park S, Hyeon T. Recent Advances and Prospects in Colloidal Nanomaterials. JACS AU 2021; 1:1849-1859. [PMID: 34841404 PMCID: PMC8611664 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.1c00339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal nanomaterials of metals, metal oxides, and metal chalcogenides have attracted great attention in the past decade owing to their potential applications in optoelectronics, catalysis, and energy conversion. Introduction of various synthetic routes has resulted in diverse colloidal nanostructured materials with well-controlled size, shape, and composition, enabling the systematic study of their intriguing physicochemical, optoelectronic, and chemical properties. Furthermore, developments in the instrumentation have offered valuable insights into the nucleation and growth mechanism of these nanomaterials, which are crucial in designing prospective materials with desired properties. In this perspective, recent advances in the colloidal synthesis and mechanism studies of nanomaterials of metal chalcogenides, metals, and metal oxides are discussed. In addition, challenges in the characterization and future direction of the colloidal nanomaterials are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woonhyuk Baek
- Center
for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for
Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical
Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hogeun Chang
- Center
for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for
Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical
Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Megalamane S. Bootharaju
- Center
for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for
Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical
Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hyun Kim
- Center
for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for
Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical
Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungjun Park
- Center
for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for
Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical
Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeghwan Hyeon
- Center
for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for
Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical
Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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26
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Zheng J, Cheng X, Zhang H, Bai X, Ai R, Shao L, Wang J. Gold Nanorods: The Most Versatile Plasmonic Nanoparticles. Chem Rev 2021; 121:13342-13453. [PMID: 34569789 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gold nanorods (NRs), pseudo-one-dimensional rod-shaped nanoparticles (NPs), have become one of the burgeoning materials in the recent years due to their anisotropic shape and adjustable plasmonic properties. With the continuous improvement in synthetic methods, a variety of materials have been attached around Au NRs to achieve unexpected or improved plasmonic properties and explore state-of-the-art technologies. In this review, we comprehensively summarize the latest progress on Au NRs, the most versatile anisotropic plasmonic NPs. We present a representative overview of the advances in the synthetic strategies and outline an extensive catalogue of Au-NR-based heterostructures with tailored architectures and special functionalities. The bottom-up assembly of Au NRs into preprogrammed metastructures is then discussed, as well as the design principles. We also provide a systematic elucidation of the different plasmonic properties associated with the Au-NR-based structures, followed by a discussion of the promising applications of Au NRs in various fields. We finally discuss the future research directions and challenges of Au NRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiapeng Zheng
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Xizhe Cheng
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Xiaopeng Bai
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Ruoqi Ai
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Lei Shao
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianfang Wang
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
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27
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Daicho K, Kobayashi K, Fujisawa S, Saito T. Recovery of the Irreversible Crystallinity of Nanocellulose by Crystallite Fusion: A Strategy for Achieving Efficient Energy Transfers in Sustainable Biopolymer Skeletons*. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:24630-24636. [PMID: 34490699 PMCID: PMC8596833 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202110032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Crystallites form a grain boundary or the inter-crystallite interface. A grain boundary is a structural defect that hinders the efficient directional transfer of mechanical stress or thermal phonons in crystal aggregates. We observed that grain boundaries within an aggregate of crystalline cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) were crystallized by enhancing their inter-crystallite interactions; multiple crystallites were coupled into single fusion crystals, without passing through a melting or dissolving state. Accordingly, the lowered crystallinity of CNFs, which has been considered irreversible, was recovered, and the thermal energy transfer in the aggregate was significantly improved. Other nanofibrous crystallites of chitin also showed a similar fusion phenomenon by enhancing the inter-crystallite interactions. Such crystallite fusion may naturally occur in biological structures with network skeletons of aggregated fibrillar crystallites having mechanical or thermal functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuho Daicho
- Department of Biomaterial SciencesGraduate School of Agricultural and Life SciencesThe University of TokyoYayoi, Bunkyo-kuTokyo113-8657Japan
| | - Kayoko Kobayashi
- Division of Forest and Biomaterials ScienceGraduate School of AgricultureKyoto UniversitySakyo-kuKyoto606-8502Japan
| | - Shuji Fujisawa
- Department of Biomaterial SciencesGraduate School of Agricultural and Life SciencesThe University of TokyoYayoi, Bunkyo-kuTokyo113-8657Japan
| | - Tsuguyuki Saito
- Department of Biomaterial SciencesGraduate School of Agricultural and Life SciencesThe University of TokyoYayoi, Bunkyo-kuTokyo113-8657Japan
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28
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Daicho K, Kobayashi K, Fujisawa S, Saito T. Recovery of the Irreversible Crystallinity of Nanocellulose by Crystallite Fusion: A Strategy for Achieving Efficient Energy Transfers in Sustainable Biopolymer Skeletons**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202110032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuho Daicho
- Department of Biomaterial Sciences Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences The University of Tokyo Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8657 Japan
| | - Kayoko Kobayashi
- Division of Forest and Biomaterials Science Graduate School of Agriculture Kyoto University Sakyo-ku Kyoto 606-8502 Japan
| | - Shuji Fujisawa
- Department of Biomaterial Sciences Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences The University of Tokyo Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8657 Japan
| | - Tsuguyuki Saito
- Department of Biomaterial Sciences Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences The University of Tokyo Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8657 Japan
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29
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Sánchez-Iglesias A, Jenkinson K, Bals S, Liz-Marzán LM. Kinetic Regulation of the Synthesis of Pentatwinned Gold Nanorods below Room Temperature. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2021; 125:23937-23944. [PMID: 34765074 PMCID: PMC8573768 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c07284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis of gold nanorods requires the presence of symmetry-breaking and shape-directing additives, among which bromide ions and quaternary ammonium surfactants have been reported as essential. As a result, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) has been selected as the most efficient surfactant to direct anisotropic growth. One of the difficulties arising from this selection is the low solubility of CTAB in water at room temperature, and therefore the seeded growth of gold nanorods is usually performed at 25 °C or above, which has restricted so far the analysis of kinetic effects derived from lower temperatures. We report a systematic study of the synthesis of gold nanorods from pentatwinned seeds using hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC) as the principal surfactant and a low concentration of bromide as shape-directing agent. Under these conditions, the synthesis can be performed at temperatures as low as 8 °C, and the corresponding kinetic effects can be studied, resulting in temperature-controlled aspect ratio tunability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Sánchez-Iglesias
- CIC biomaGUNE,
Basque Research
and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro
de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería,
Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- (A.S.-I.)
| | - Kellie Jenkinson
- EMAT, University
of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
- NANOlab
Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sara Bals
- EMAT, University
of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
- NANOlab
Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Luis M. Liz-Marzán
- CIC biomaGUNE,
Basque Research
and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Centro
de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería,
Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque,
Basque Foundation for Science, 48009 Bilbao, Spain
- Email (L.M.L.-M.)
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30
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Ribet SM, Murthy AA, Roth EW, Dos Reis R, Dravid VP. Making the Most of your Electrons: Challenges and Opportunities in Characterizing Hybrid Interfaces with STEM. MATERIALS TODAY (KIDLINGTON, ENGLAND) 2021; 50:100-115. [PMID: 35241968 PMCID: PMC8887695 DOI: 10.1016/j.mattod.2021.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by the unique architectures composed of hard and soft materials in natural and biological systems, synthetic hybrid structures and associated soft-hard interfaces have recently evoked significant interest. Soft matter is typically dominated by fluctuations even at room temperature, while hard matter (which often serves as the substrate or anchor for the soft component) is governed by rigid mechanical behavior. This dichotomy offers considerable opportunities to leverage the disparate properties offered by these components across a wide spectrum spanning from basic science to engineering insights with significant technological overtones. Such hybrid structures, which include polymer nanocomposites, DNA functionalized nanoparticle superlattices and metal organic frameworks to name a few, have delivered promising insights into the areas of catalysis, environmental remediation, optoelectronics, medicine, and beyond. The interfacial structure between these hard and soft phases exists across a variety of length scales and often strongly influence the functionality of hybrid systems. While scanning/transmission electron microscopy (S/TEM) has proven to be a valuable tool for acquiring intricate molecular and nanoscale details of these interfaces, the unusual nature of hybrid composites presents a suite of challenges that make assessing or establishing the classical structure-property relationships especially difficult. These include challenges associated with preparing electron-transparent samples and obtaining sufficient contrast to resolve the interface between dissimilar materials given the dose sensitivity of soft materials. We discuss each of these challenges and supplement a review of recent developments in the field with additional experimental investigations and simulations to present solutions for attaining a nano or atomic-level understanding of these interfaces. These solutions present a host of opportunities for investigating and understanding the role interfaces play in this unique class of functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Ribet
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL
| | - Akshay A Murthy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL
- International Institute of Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL
| | - Eric W Roth
- The NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL
| | - Roberto Dos Reis
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL
- The NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL
| | - Vinayak P Dravid
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL
- International Institute of Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL
- The NUANCE Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL
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31
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van der Hoeven JES, Jelic J, Olthof LA, Totarella G, van Dijk-Moes RJA, Krafft JM, Louis C, Studt F, van Blaaderen A, de Jongh PE. Unlocking synergy in bimetallic catalysts by core-shell design. NATURE MATERIALS 2021; 20:1216-1220. [PMID: 33958769 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-021-00996-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Extending the toolbox from mono- to bimetallic catalysts is key in realizing efficient chemical processes1. Traditionally, the performance of bimetallic catalysts featuring one active and one selective metal is optimized by varying the metal composition1-3, often resulting in a compromise between the catalytic properties of the two metals4-6. Here we show that by designing the atomic distribution of bimetallic Au-Pd nanocatalysts, we obtain a synergistic catalytic performance in the industrially relevant selective hydrogenation of butadiene. Our single-crystalline Au-core Pd-shell nanorods were up to 50 times more active than their alloyed and monometallic counterparts, while retaining high selectivity. We find a shell-thickness-dependent catalytic activity, indicating that not only the nature of the surface but also several subsurface layers play a crucial role in the catalytic performance, and rationalize this finding using density functional theory calculations. Our results open up an alternative avenue for the structural design of bimetallic catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessi E S van der Hoeven
- Materials Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Soft Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jelena Jelic
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Liselotte A Olthof
- Materials Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Soft Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Giorgio Totarella
- Materials Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Relinde J A van Dijk-Moes
- Soft Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Marc Krafft
- Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Louis
- Laboratoire de Réactivité de Surface, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Felix Studt
- Institute of Catalysis Research and Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Alfons van Blaaderen
- Soft Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Petra E de Jongh
- Materials Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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32
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NUDIM: A non-uniform fast Fourier transform based dual-space constraint iterative reconstruction method in biological electron tomography. J Struct Biol 2021; 213:107770. [PMID: 34303831 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2021.107770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Electron tomography, a powerful imaging tool for studying 3D structures of macromolecular assemblies, always suffers from imperfect reconstruction with limited resolution due to the intrinsic low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and inaccessibility to certain tilt angles induced by radiation damage or mechanical limitation. In order to compensate for such insufficient data with low SNR and further improve imaging resolution, prior knowledge constraints about the objects in both real space and reciprocal space are thus exploited during tomographic reconstruction. However, direct Fast Fourier transform (FFT) between real space and reciprocal space remains extraordinarily challenging owing to their inconsistent grid sampling modes, e.g. regular and uniform grid sampling in real space whereas radial or polar grid sampling in reciprocal space. In order to solve such problem, a technique of non-uniform fast Fourier transform (NFFT) has been developed to transform efficiently between non-uniformly sampled grids in real and reciprocal space with sufficient accuracy. In this work, a Non-Uniform fast Fourier transform based Dual-space constraint Iterative reconstruction Method (NUDIM) applicable to biological electron tomography is proposed with a combination of basic concepts from equally sloped tomography (EST) and NFFT based reconstruction. In NUDIM, the use of NFFT can circumvent such grid sampling inconsistency and thus alleviate the stringent equally-sloped sampling requirement in EST reconstruction, while the dual-space constraint iterative procedure can dramatically enhance reconstruction quality. In comparison with conventional reconstruction methods, NUDIM is numerically and experimentally demonstrated to produce superior reconstruction quality with higher contrast, less noise and reduced missing wedge artifacts. More importantly, it is also capable of retrieving part of missing information from a limited number of projections.
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33
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Ai R, Boukouvala C, Lewis G, Wang H, Zhang H, Lai Y, Huang H, Ringe E, Shao L, Wang J. Facet- and Gas-Dependent Reshaping of Au Nanoplates by Plasma Treatment. ACS NANO 2021; 15:9860-9870. [PMID: 34114456 PMCID: PMC8223482 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c00861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The reshaping of metal nanocrystals on substrates is usually realized by pulsed laser irradiation or ion-beam milling with complex procedures. In this work, we demonstrate a simple method for reshaping immobilized Au nanoplates through plasma treatment. Au nanoplates can be reshaped gradually with nearly periodic right pyramid arrays formed on the surface of the nanoplates. The gaseous environment in the plasma-treatment system plays a significant role in the reshaping process with only nitrogen-containing environments leading to reshaping. The reshaping phenomenon is facet-dependent, with right pyramids formed only on the exposed {111} facets of the Au nanoplates. The morphological change of the Au nanoplates induced by the plasma treatment leads to large plasmon peak redshifts. The reshaped Au nanoplates possess slightly higher refractive index sensitivities and largely increased surface-enhanced Raman scattering intensities compared to the flat, untreated nanoplates. Our results offer insights for studying the interaction mechanism between plasma and the different facets of noble metal nanocrystals and an approach for reshaping light-interacting noble metal nanocrystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoqi Ai
- Department
of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong
Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Christina Boukouvala
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
- Department
of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, United Kingdom
| | - George Lewis
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
- Department
of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, United Kingdom
| | - Hao Wang
- Shenzhen
JL Computational Science and Applied Research Institute, Shenzhen 518109, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Department
of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong
Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Yunhe Lai
- Department
of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong
Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - He Huang
- Department
of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong
Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR China
| | - Emilie Ringe
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, United Kingdom
- Department
of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, United Kingdom
| | - Lei Shao
- Shenzhen
JL Computational Science and Applied Research Institute, Shenzhen 518109, China
| | - Jianfang Wang
- Department
of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong
Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR China
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34
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Vicente R, Neckel IT, Sankaranarayanan SKS, Solla-Gullon J, Fernández PS. Bragg Coherent Diffraction Imaging for In Situ Studies in Electrocatalysis. ACS NANO 2021; 15:6129-6146. [PMID: 33793205 PMCID: PMC8155327 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c01080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Electrocatalysis is at the heart of a broad range of physicochemical applications that play an important role in the present and future of a sustainable economy. Among the myriad of different electrocatalysts used in this field, nanomaterials are of ubiquitous importance. An increased surface area/volume ratio compared to bulk makes nanoscale catalysts the preferred choice to perform electrocatalytic reactions. Bragg coherent diffraction imaging (BCDI) was introduced in 2006 and since has been applied to obtain 3D images of crystalline nanomaterials. BCDI provides information about the displacement field, which is directly related to strain. Lattice strain in the catalysts impacts their electronic configuration and, consequently, their binding energy with reaction intermediates. Even though there have been significant improvements since its birth, the fact that the experiments can only be performed at synchrotron facilities and its relatively low resolution to date (∼10 nm spatial resolution) have prevented the popularization of this technique. Herein, we will briefly describe the fundamentals of the technique, including the electrocatalysis relevant information that we can extract from it. Subsequently, we review some of the computational experiments that complement the BCDI data for enhanced information extraction and improved understanding of the underlying nanoscale electrocatalytic processes. We next highlight success stories of BCDI applied to different electrochemical systems and in heterogeneous catalysis to show how the technique can contribute to future studies in electrocatalysis. Finally, we outline current challenges in spatiotemporal resolution limits of BCDI and provide our perspectives on recent developments in synchrotron facilities as well as the role of machine learning and artificial intelligence in addressing them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael
A. Vicente
- Chemistry
Institute, State University of Campinas, 13083-970 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Center
for Innovation on New Energies, University
of Campinas, 13083-841 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Itamar T. Neckel
- Brazilian
Synchrotron Light Laboratory, Brazilian
Center for Research in Energy and Materials, 13083-970, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Subramanian K.
R. S. Sankaranarayanan
- Department
of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois 60607, United States
- Center
for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National
Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, United
States
| | - José Solla-Gullon
- Institute
of Electrochemistry, University of Alicante, Apartado 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Pablo S. Fernández
- Chemistry
Institute, State University of Campinas, 13083-970 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Center
for Innovation on New Energies, University
of Campinas, 13083-841 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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35
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Wei MZ, Deng TS, Zhang Q, Cheng Z, Li S. Seed-Mediated Synthesis of Gold Nanorods at Low Concentrations of CTAB. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:9188-9195. [PMID: 33842787 PMCID: PMC8028147 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c00510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Although gold nanorods capped with hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) have been prepared through the seed-mediated method for their use in diagnostics and therapeutics, the toxicity of AuNRs@CTAB limits their practical applications in the biomedical field. In this work, the synthesis and tuning of gold nanorods at very low concentrations of CTAB (as low as 0.008 M) was successfully achieved by using the seed-mediated method. Furthermore, we managed to optimize the growth conditions by changing the amount of seeds, AgNO3, and/or HCl. At low CTAB concentrations, gold nanorods with tunable size and aspect ratio, high monodispersity, and high purity were obtained and studied by UV-vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and Mie-Gans theoretical calculations. This work revealed a method of nanoparticle growth that may be extended to synthesize other nanomaterials such as Ag, Cu, Pd, and Pt at such low CTAB concentrations.
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36
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Yuan H, de Moortèle BV, Epicier T. Accurate post-mortem alignment for Focused Ion Beam and Scanning Electron Microscopy (FIB-SEM) tomography. Ultramicroscopy 2021; 228:113265. [PMID: 34265659 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2021.113265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Drifts in the three directions (X, Y, Z) during the FIB-SEM slice-and-view tomography is an important issue in 3D-FIB experiments which may induce significant inaccuracies in the subsequent volume reconstruction and further quantification of morphological volume parameters of the sample microstructure. Cross-correlation is frequently applied directly to the cross-section image series for aligning FIB sliced images. This solution is hazardous and can be flawed as it has been easily demonstrated by a dedicated test experiment. As a result, a novel aligning procedure based on the quantification of the topography of the sample surface has been developed. This new approach will be compared to the common cross-correlation methods, as well as another approach consisting in using an artificial reference marker fabricated during the FIB procedure. All these methods will then be discussed in terms of accuracy and liability.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Yuan
- Université de Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, MATEIS, umr CNRS 5510, 69621 Villeurbanne Cedex, France; Université de Lyon, ENS-Lyon, LGLTPE, umr CNRS 5276, 69364 Lyon 07, France.
| | - B Van de Moortèle
- Université de Lyon, ENS-Lyon, LGLTPE, umr CNRS 5276, 69364 Lyon 07, France
| | - T Epicier
- Université de Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, MATEIS, umr CNRS 5510, 69621 Villeurbanne Cedex, France; Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, IRCELYON, umr CNRS 5256, 69626 Villeurbanne Cedex, France.
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37
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Albrecht W, Van Aert S, Bals S. Three-Dimensional Nanoparticle Transformations Captured by an Electron Microscope. Acc Chem Res 2021; 54:1189-1199. [PMID: 33566587 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
ConspectusThree-dimensional (3D) morphology and composition govern the properties of nanoparticles (NPs). However, due to their high surface-to-volume ratio, the morphology and composition of nanomaterials are not as static as those for their bulk counterparts. One major influence is the increase in relative contribution of surface diffusion, which underlines rapid reshaping of NPs in response to changes in their environment. If not accounted for, these effects might affect the robustness of prospective NPs in practically relevant conditions, such as elevated temperatures, intense light illumination, or changing chemical environments. In situ techniques are promising tools to study NP transformations under relevant conditions. Among those tools, in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) provides an elegant platform to directly visualize NP changes down to the atomic scale. By the use of specialized holders or microscopes, external stimuli, such as heat, or environments, such as gas and liquids, can be controllably introduced inside the TEM. In addition, TEM is also a valuable tool to determine NP transformations upon ex situ stimuli such as laser excitation. However, standard TEM yields two-dimensional (2D) projection images of 3D objects. With the growing complexity of NP shapes and compositions, the information that is obtained in this manner is often insufficient to understand intricate diffusion dynamics.In this Account, we describe recent progress on measuring NP transformations in 3D inside the electron microscope. First, we discuss existing possibilities to obtain 3D information using either tomographic methods or the so-called atom counting technique, which utilizes single projection images. Next, we show how these techniques can be combined with in situ holders to quantify diffusion processes on a single nanoparticle level. Specifically, we focus on anisotropic metal NPs at elevated temperatures and in varying gas environments. Anisotropic metal NPs are important for plasmonic applications, because sharp tips and edges result in strong electromagnetic field enhancements. By electron tomography, surface diffusion as well as elemental diffusion can be tracked in monometallic and bimetallic NPs, which can then be directly related to changes in plasmonic properties of these systems. By atom counting, it has furthermore become possible to monitor the evolution of crystalline facets of metal NPs under gas and heat treatments, a change that influences catalytic properties. Next to in situ processes, we also demonstrate the value of electron tomography to assess external laser-induced NP transformations, making it viable to detect structural changes with atomic resolution. The application of the proposed methodologies is by far not limited to metal nanoparticles. In the final section, we therefore outline future material research that can benefit from tracking NP transformations from 3D techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiebke Albrecht
- EMAT and NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sandra Van Aert
- EMAT and NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sara Bals
- EMAT and NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
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38
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Kim BH, Heo J, Park J. Determination of the 3D Atomic Structures of Nanoparticles. SMALL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202000045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Byung Hyo Kim
- Department of Fiber Engineering and Organic Materials Soongsil University Seoul 06978 Republic of Korea
| | - Junyoung Heo
- Center for Nanoparticle Research Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering Institute of Chemical Process Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Jungwon Park
- Center for Nanoparticle Research Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering Institute of Chemical Process Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea
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39
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Vanrompay H, Skorikov A, Bladt E, Béché A, Freitag B, Verbeeck J, Bals S. Fast versus conventional HAADF-STEM tomography of nanoparticles: advantages and challenges. Ultramicroscopy 2020; 221:113191. [PMID: 33321424 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2020.113191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
HAADF-STEM tomography is a widely used experimental technique for analyzing nanometer-scale structures of a large variety of materials in three dimensions. It is especially useful for studying crystalline nanoparticles, where conventional TEM tomography suffers from diffraction-related artefacts. Unfortunately, the acquisition of a HAADF-STEM tilt series can easily take up one hour or more, depending on the complexity of the experiment. It is therefore challenging to investigate samples that do not withstand long electron beam illumination or to acquire a large number of tilt series during a single TEM experiment. The latter would facilitate obtaining more statistically representative 3D data, and enable performing dynamic in situ 3D characterizations with a finer time resolution. Various HAADF-STEM acquisition strategies have been proposed to accelerate the tomographic acquisition and reduce the required electron dose. These methods include tilting the holder continuously while acquiring a projection "movie" and a hybrid, incremental, methodology which combines the benefits of the conventional and continuous technique. However, until now an experimental evaluation of these techniques has been lacking. In this paper, the different acquisition strategies will be experimentally compared in terms of speed, resolution and electron dose. This evaluation will be performed based on experimental tilt series, acquired for various metallic nanoparticles with different shapes and sizes. We discuss the necessary data processing and provide a general guideline that can be used to determine the most optimal acquisition strategy for specific electron tomography experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Vanrompay
- Electron Microscopy for Materials Science (EMAT), University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium; NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Alexander Skorikov
- Electron Microscopy for Materials Science (EMAT), University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium; NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Eva Bladt
- Electron Microscopy for Materials Science (EMAT), University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium; NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Armand Béché
- Electron Microscopy for Materials Science (EMAT), University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium; NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Bert Freitag
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Achtseweg Noord 5, 5651 GG Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Verbeeck
- Electron Microscopy for Materials Science (EMAT), University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium; NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sara Bals
- Electron Microscopy for Materials Science (EMAT), University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium; NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Belgium.
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40
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Khelfa A, Meng J, Byun C, Wang G, Nelayah J, Ricolleau C, Amara H, Guesmi H, Alloyeau D. Selective shortening of gold nanorods: when surface functionalization dictates the reactivity of nanostructures. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:22658-22667. [PMID: 33155612 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr06326f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The selective shortening of gold nanorods (NRs) is a directional etching process that has been intensively studied by UV-Vis spectroscopy because of its direct impact on the optical response of these plasmonic nanostructures. Here, liquid-cell transmission electron microscopy is exploited to visualize this peculiar corrosion process at the nanoscale and study the impacts of reaction kinetics on the etching mechanisms. In situ imaging reveals that anisotropic etching requires a chemical environment with a low etching power to make the tips of NRs the only reaction site for the oxidation process. Then, aberration-corrected TEM and atomistic simulations were combined to demonstrate that the disparity between the reactivity of the body and the ends of NRs does not derive from their crystal structure but results from an inhomogeneous surface functionalization. In a general manner, this work highlights the necessity to consider the organic/inorganic natures of nanostructures to understand their chemical reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelali Khelfa
- Laboratoire Matériaux et Phénomènes Quantiques, Université de Paris - CNRS, Paris, France.
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41
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Milagres de Oliveira T, Albrecht W, González-Rubio G, Altantzis T, Lobato Hoyos IP, Béché A, Van Aert S, Guerrero-Martínez A, Liz-Marzán LM, Bals S. 3D Characterization and Plasmon Mapping of Gold Nanorods Welded by Femtosecond Laser Irradiation. ACS NANO 2020; 14:12558-12570. [PMID: 32790321 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c02610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafast laser irradiation can induce morphological and structural changes in plasmonic nanoparticles. Gold nanorods (Au NRs), in particular, can be welded together upon irradiation with femtosecond laser pulses, leading to dimers and trimers through the formation of necks between individual nanorods. We used electron tomography to determine the 3D (atomic) structure at such necks for representative welding geometries and to characterize the induced defects. The spatial distribution of localized surface plasmon modes for different welding configurations was assessed by electron energy loss spectroscopy. Additionally, we were able to directly compare the plasmon line width of single-crystalline and welded Au NRs with single defects at the same resonance energy, thus making a direct link between the structural and plasmonic properties. In this manner, we show that the occurrence of (single) defects results in significant plasmon broadening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís Milagres de Oliveira
- EMAT, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
- NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Wiebke Albrecht
- EMAT, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
- NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Guillermo González-Rubio
- CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón 182, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avenida Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Thomas Altantzis
- EMAT, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
- NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ivan Pedro Lobato Hoyos
- EMAT, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
- NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Armand Béché
- EMAT, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
- NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sandra Van Aert
- EMAT, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
- NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Andrés Guerrero-Martínez
- Departamento de Química Física, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Avenida Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis M Liz-Marzán
- CIC biomaGUNE, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón 182, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Paseo de Miramón 182, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque (Basque Foundation for Science), 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Sara Bals
- EMAT, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
- NANOlab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, B-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
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42
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Hata S, Furukawa H, Gondo T, Hirakami D, Horii N, Ikeda KI, Kawamoto K, Kimura K, Matsumura S, Mitsuhara M, Miyazaki H, Miyazaki S, Murayama MM, Nakashima H, Saito H, Sakamoto M, Yamasaki S. Electron tomography imaging methods with diffraction contrast for materials research. Microscopy (Oxf) 2020; 69:141-155. [PMID: 32115659 PMCID: PMC7240780 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfaa002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) enable the visualization of three-dimensional (3D) microstructures ranging from atomic to micrometer scales using 3D reconstruction techniques based on computed tomography algorithms. This 3D microscopy method is called electron tomography (ET) and has been utilized in the fields of materials science and engineering for more than two decades. Although atomic resolution is one of the current topics in ET research, the development and deployment of intermediate-resolution (non-atomic-resolution) ET imaging methods have garnered considerable attention from researchers. This research trend is probably not irrelevant due to the fact that the spatial resolution and functionality of 3D imaging methods of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray microscopy have come to overlap with those of ET. In other words, there may be multiple ways to carry out 3D visualization using different microscopy methods for nanometer-scale objects in materials. From the above standpoint, this review paper aims to (i) describe the current status and issues of intermediate-resolution ET with regard to enhancing the effectiveness of TEM/STEM imaging and (ii) discuss promising applications of state-of-the-art intermediate-resolution ET for materials research with a particular focus on diffraction contrast ET for crystalline microstructures (superlattice domains and dislocations) including a demonstration of in situ dislocation tomography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Hata
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
- The Ultramicroscopy Research Center, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Furukawa
- TEMography Division, System in Frontier Inc., Tachikawa-shi, Tokyo 190-0012, Japan
| | - Takashi Gondo
- Research Laboratory, Mel-Build Corporation, Fukuoka 819-0025, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hirakami
- Steel Research Laboratories, Nippon Steel Corporation, Chiba 293-8511, Japan
| | - Noritaka Horii
- TEMography Division, System in Frontier Inc., Tachikawa-shi, Tokyo 190-0012, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Ikeda
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Katsumi Kawamoto
- TEMography Division, System in Frontier Inc., Tachikawa-shi, Tokyo 190-0012, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kimura
- Morphological Research Laboratory, Toray Research Center, Inc., Shiga 520-8567, Japan
| | - Syo Matsumura
- The Ultramicroscopy Research Center, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Department of Applied Quantum Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Mitsuhara
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Hiroya Miyazaki
- Research Laboratory, Mel-Build Corporation, Fukuoka 819-0025, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Miyazaki
- Research Laboratory, Mel-Build Corporation, Fukuoka 819-0025, Japan
- Analytical Instruments, Materials and Structural Analysis, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-0002, Japan
| | - Mitsu Mitsuhiro Murayama
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- Energy and Environmental Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, WA 99352, USA
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Hideharu Nakashima
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Hikaru Saito
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - Masashi Sakamoto
- Steel Research Laboratories, Nippon Steel Corporation, Chiba 293-8511, Japan
| | - Shigeto Yamasaki
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
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43
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Kim BH, Heo J, Kim S, Reboul CF, Chun H, Kang D, Bae H, Hyun H, Lim J, Lee H, Han B, Hyeon T, Alivisatos AP, Ercius P, Elmlund H, Park J. Critical differences in 3D atomic structure of individual ligand-protected nanocrystals in solution. Science 2020; 368:60-67. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aax3233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Precise three-dimensional (3D) atomic structure determination of individual nanocrystals is a prerequisite for understanding and predicting their physical properties. Nanocrystals from the same synthesis batch display what are often presumed to be small but possibly important differences in size, lattice distortions, and defects, which can only be understood by structural characterization with high spatial 3D resolution. We solved the structures of individual colloidal platinum nanocrystals by developing atomic-resolution 3D liquid-cell electron microscopy to reveal critical intrinsic heterogeneity of ligand-protected platinum nanocrystals in solution, including structural degeneracies, lattice parameter deviations, internal defects, and strain. These differences in structure lead to substantial contributions to free energies, consequential enough that they must be considered in any discussion of fundamental nanocrystal properties or applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Hyo Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Junyoung Heo
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungin Kim
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Cyril F. Reboul
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Hoje Chun
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Dohun Kang
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonhu Bae
- Department of Physics, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyejeong Hyun
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongwoo Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoonkyung Lee
- Department of Physics, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungchan Han
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeghwan Hyeon
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - A. Paul Alivisatos
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Material Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Kavli Energy NanoScience Institute, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Peter Ercius
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Hans Elmlund
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Jungwon Park
- Center for Nanoparticle Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Chen Q, Dwyer C, Sheng G, Zhu C, Li X, Zheng C, Zhu Y. Imaging Beam-Sensitive Materials by Electron Microscopy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1907619. [PMID: 32108394 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201907619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Electron microscopy allows the extraction of multidimensional spatiotemporally correlated structural information of diverse materials down to atomic resolution, which is essential for figuring out their structure-property relationships. Unfortunately, the high-energy electrons that carry this important information can cause damage by modulating the structures of the materials. This has become a significant problem concerning the recent boost in materials science applications of a wide range of beam-sensitive materials, including metal-organic frameworks, covalent-organic frameworks, organic-inorganic hybrid materials, 2D materials, and zeolites. To this end, developing electron microscopy techniques that minimize the electron beam damage for the extraction of intrinsic structural information turns out to be a compelling but challenging need. This article provides a comprehensive review on the revolutionary strategies toward the electron microscopic imaging of beam-sensitive materials and associated materials science discoveries, based on the principles of electron-matter interaction and mechanisms of electron beam damage. Finally, perspectives and future trends in this field are put forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoli Chen
- Center for Electron Microscopy, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology and College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Christian Dwyer
- Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-1504, USA
| | - Guan Sheng
- Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, Physical Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Chongzhi Zhu
- Center for Electron Microscopy, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology and College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Xiaonian Li
- Center for Electron Microscopy, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology and College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
| | - Changlin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yihan Zhu
- Center for Electron Microscopy, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Chemistry Synthesis Technology and College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, China
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Fan Q, Yang H, Ge J, Zhang S, Liu Z, Lei B, Cheng T, Li Y, Yin Y, Gao C. Customizable Ligand Exchange for Tailored Surface Property of Noble Metal Nanocrystals. RESEARCH (WASHINGTON, D.C.) 2020; 2020:2131806. [PMID: 32025660 PMCID: PMC6998038 DOI: 10.34133/2020/2131806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
It is highly desirable, while still challenging, to obtain noble metal nanocrystals with custom capping ligands, because their colloidal synthesis relies on specific capping ligands for the shape control while conventional ligand exchange processes suffer from "the strong replaces the weak" limitation, which greatly hinders their applications. Herein, we report a general and effective ligand exchange approach that can replace the native capping ligands of noble metal nanocrystals with virtually any type of ligands, producing flexibly tailored surface properties. The key is to use diethylamine with conveniently switchable binding affinity to the metal surface as an intermediate ligand. As a strong ligand, it in its original form can effectively remove the native ligands; while protonated, it loses its binding affinity and facilitates the adsorption of new ligands, especially weak ones, onto the metal surface. By this means, the irreversible order in the conventional ligand exchange processes could be overcome. The efficacy of the strategy is demonstrated by mutual exchange of the capping ligands among cetyltrimethylammonium, citrate, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and oleylamine. This novel strategy significantly expands our ability to manipulate the surface property of noble metal nanocrystals and extends their applicability to a wide range of fields, particularly biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qikui Fan
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Juan Ge
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
| | - Shumeng Zhang
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
| | - Zhaojun Liu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
| | - Bo Lei
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
| | - Tao Cheng
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Youyong Li
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Yadong Yin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, USA
| | - Chuanbo Gao
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710054, China
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46
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Skorikov A, Albrecht W, Bladt E, Xie X, van der Hoeven JES, van Blaaderen A, Van Aert S, Bals S. Quantitative 3D Characterization of Elemental Diffusion Dynamics in Individual Ag@Au Nanoparticles with Different Shapes. ACS NANO 2019; 13:13421-13429. [PMID: 31626527 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b06848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Anisotropic bimetallic nanoparticles are promising candidates for plasmonic and catalytic applications. Their catalytic performance and plasmonic properties are closely linked to the distribution of the two metals, which can change during applications in which the particles are exposed to heat. Due to this fact, correlating the thermal stability of complex heterogeneous nanoparticles to their microstructural properties is of high interest for the practical applications of such materials. Here, we employ quantitative electron tomography in high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) mode to measure the 3D elemental diffusion dynamics in individual anisotropic Au-Ag nanoparticles upon heating in situ. This approach allows us to study the elemental redistribution in complex, asymmetric nanoparticles on a single particle level, which has been inaccessible to other techniques so far. In this work, we apply the proposed method to compare the alloying dynamics of Au-Ag nanoparticles with different shapes and compositions and find that the shape of the nanoparticle does not exhibit a significant effect on the alloying speed whereas the composition does. Finally, comparing the experimental results to diffusion simulations allows us to estimate the diffusion coefficients of the metals for individual nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Skorikov
- EMAT , University of Antwerp , Groenenborgerlaan 171 , 2020 Antwerp , Belgium
| | - Wiebke Albrecht
- EMAT , University of Antwerp , Groenenborgerlaan 171 , 2020 Antwerp , Belgium
| | - Eva Bladt
- EMAT , University of Antwerp , Groenenborgerlaan 171 , 2020 Antwerp , Belgium
| | - Xiaobin Xie
- Soft Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science , Utrecht University , Princetonplein 5 , 3584 CC Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Jessi E S van der Hoeven
- Soft Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science , Utrecht University , Princetonplein 5 , 3584 CC Utrecht , The Netherlands
- Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science , Utrecht University , Universiteitsweg 99 , 3584 CG Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Alfons van Blaaderen
- Soft Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science , Utrecht University , Princetonplein 5 , 3584 CC Utrecht , The Netherlands
| | - Sandra Van Aert
- EMAT , University of Antwerp , Groenenborgerlaan 171 , 2020 Antwerp , Belgium
| | - Sara Bals
- EMAT , University of Antwerp , Groenenborgerlaan 171 , 2020 Antwerp , Belgium
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47
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Barbero F, Moriones OH, Bastús NG, Puntes V. Dynamic Equilibrium in the Cetyltrimethylammonium Bromide-Au Nanoparticle Bilayer, and the Consequent Impact on the Formation of the Nanoparticle Protein Corona. Bioconjug Chem 2019; 30:2917-2930. [PMID: 31621309 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Nanoparticles in ionic solutions are usually surrounded by stabilizing molecules that avoid aggregation and determine their surface properties, which strongly influence their behavior. The present work aims to shed light on the static vs dynamic nature of the cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) bilayer on gold nanoparticles and to understand its effects on nanoparticle evolution in biological systems. A systematic study of the CTAB bilayer of Au nanorods and nanospheres was carried out, exploring the role of excess free surfactant in solution on the surface properties of nanoparticles and their colloidal stability. The results indicated the presence of a CTAB bilayer in which the external layer was in rapid dynamic equilibrium with the free surfactant in solution. The internal surfactant layer of the gold nanospheres was also found to be in dynamic equilibrium. Conversely, the gold nanorods had a permanent internal layer. Consequently, the CTAB-nanoparticle dispersions always contained free CTAB in excess to maintain the colloidal stability of the NPs. In contrast, decreasing the free CTAB concentration resulted in nanoparticle aggregation. The impact of the dynamic equilibrium on the exposure of particles to biological fluids and on the formation of the nanoparticle protein corona was studied, revealing the different fates of the nanoparticles, which depended on the amount of free CTAB in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Barbero
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2) , CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra , Barcelona , Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB) , Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Oscar H Moriones
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2) , CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra , Barcelona , Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB) , Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Neus G Bastús
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2) , CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Victor Puntes
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2) , CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra , Barcelona , Spain.,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB) , Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra , Barcelona , Spain.,Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR) , 08035 Barcelona , Spain.,Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA) , P. Lluís Companys 23 , 08010 Barcelona , Spain
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48
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Zilli A, Langbein W, Borri P. Quantitative Measurement of the Optical Cross Sections of Single Nano-objects by Correlative Transmission and Scattering Microspectroscopy. ACS PHOTONICS 2019; 6:2149-2160. [PMID: 32064304 PMCID: PMC7011706 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.9b00727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The scattering and absorption of light by nano-objects is a key physical property exploited in many applications, including biosensing and photovoltaics. Yet, its quantification at the single object level is challenging and often requires expensive and complicated techniques. We report a method based on a commercial transmission microscope to measure the optical scattering and absorption cross sections of individual nano-objects. The method applies to microspectroscopy and wide-field image analysis, offering fine spectral information and high throughput sample characterization. Accurate cross-section determination requires detailed modeling of the measurement, which we develop, accounting for the geometry of the illumination and detection as well as for the presence of a sample substrate. We demonstrate the method on three model systems (gold spheres, gold rods, and polystyrene spheres), which include metallic and dielectric particles, spherical and elongated, placed in a homogeneous medium or on a dielectric substrate. Furthermore, by comparing the measured cross sections with numerical simulations, we are able to determine structural parameters of the studied system, such as the particle diameter and aspect ratio. Our method therefore holds the potential to complement electron microscopy as a simpler and cost-effective tool for structural characterization of single nano-objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attilio Zilli
- Cardiff
University, School of Biosciences, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, U.K.
| | - Wolfgang Langbein
- Cardiff
University, School of Physics and Astronomy, The Parade, Cardiff CF24 3AA, U.K.
| | - Paola Borri
- Cardiff
University, School of Biosciences, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, U.K.
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49
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Wang WZ, Zhou XZ, Yang ZQ, Qi Y, Ye HQ. Ab initio determination of atomic structure of Zn-Zr precipitates in a Mg-Nd-Zn-Zr alloy. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B, STRUCTURAL SCIENCE, CRYSTAL ENGINEERING AND MATERIALS 2019; 75:564-569. [PMID: 32830713 DOI: 10.1107/s2052520619010229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The atomic structure of nanometre-sized Zn-Zr precipitates in a Mg alloy is determined by combining tilt series of micro-beam electron diffraction with atomic resolution Z-contrast imaging. The stoichiometry of the Zn-Zr precipitates is Zn2Zr3 with a primitive tetragonal structure (space group P42/mnm, a = b = 0.761 nm, c = 0.682 nm). There are 20 atoms in the unit cell of tetragonal Zn2Zr3, comprising 12 Zr atoms at the 4d, 4f, 4g positions and eight Zn atoms at the 8j positions.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Z Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, People's Republic of China
| | - X Z Zhou
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Z Q Yang
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
| | - Y Qi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, People's Republic of China
| | - H Q Ye
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenyang, 110016, People's Republic of China
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50
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González-Rubio G, Kumar V, Llombart P, Díaz-Núñez P, Bladt E, Altantzis T, Bals S, Peña-Rodríguez O, Noya EG, MacDowell LG, Guerrero-Martínez A, Liz-Marzán LM. Disconnecting Symmetry Breaking from Seeded Growth for the Reproducible Synthesis of High Quality Gold Nanorods. ACS NANO 2019; 13:4424-4435. [PMID: 30939242 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b09658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
One of the major difficulties hindering the widespread application of colloidal anisotropic plasmonic nanoparticles is the limited robustness and reproducibility of multistep synthetic methods. We demonstrate herein that the reproducibility and reliability of colloidal gold nanorod (AuNR) synthesis can be greatly improved by disconnecting the symmetry-breaking event from the seeded growth process. We have used a modified silver-assisted seeded growth method in the presence of the surfactant hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide and n-decanol as a co-surfactant to prepare small AuNRs in high yield, which were then used as seeds for the growth of high quality AuNR colloids. Whereas the use of n-decanol provides a more-rigid micellar system, the growth on anisotropic seeds avoids sources of irreproducibility during the symmetry breaking step, yielding uniform AuNR colloids with narrow plasmon bands, ranging from 600 to 1270 nm, and allowing the fine-tuning of the final dimensions. This method provides a robust route for the preparation of high quality AuNR colloids with tunable morphology, size, and optical response in a reproducible and scalable manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo González-Rubio
- CIC biomaGUNE/CIBER-BBN , Paseo de Miramón 182 , 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián , Spain
- Departamento de Química Física , Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Avenida Complutense s/n , 28040 Madrid , Spain
| | - Vished Kumar
- CIC biomaGUNE/CIBER-BBN , Paseo de Miramón 182 , 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián , Spain
| | - Pablo Llombart
- Departamento de Química Física , Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Avenida Complutense s/n , 28040 Madrid , Spain
- Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano , CSIC , Calle Serrano 119 , E-28006 Madrid , Spain
| | - Pablo Díaz-Núñez
- Instituto de Fusión Nuclear , Universidad Politécnica de Madrid , José Gutiérrez Abascal 2 , E-28006 Madrid , Spain
| | - Eva Bladt
- EMAT-University of Antwerp , Groenenborgerlaan 171 , B-2020 Antwerp , Belgium
| | - Thomas Altantzis
- EMAT-University of Antwerp , Groenenborgerlaan 171 , B-2020 Antwerp , Belgium
| | - Sara Bals
- EMAT-University of Antwerp , Groenenborgerlaan 171 , B-2020 Antwerp , Belgium
| | - Ovidio Peña-Rodríguez
- Instituto de Fusión Nuclear , Universidad Politécnica de Madrid , José Gutiérrez Abascal 2 , E-28006 Madrid , Spain
| | - Eva G Noya
- Instituto de Química Física Rocasolano , CSIC , Calle Serrano 119 , E-28006 Madrid , Spain
| | - Luis G MacDowell
- Departamento de Química Física , Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Avenida Complutense s/n , 28040 Madrid , Spain
| | - Andrés Guerrero-Martínez
- Departamento de Química Física , Universidad Complutense de Madrid , Avenida Complutense s/n , 28040 Madrid , Spain
| | - Luis M Liz-Marzán
- CIC biomaGUNE/CIBER-BBN , Paseo de Miramón 182 , 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián , Spain
- Ikerbasque (Basque Foundation for Science) , 48013 Bilbao , Spain
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