1
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Aloy NM, Coughlan C, Graner MW, Witt SN. Possible regulation of the immune modulator tetraspanin CD81 by alpha-synuclein in melanoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 734:150631. [PMID: 39222576 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
We probed the mechanism by which the Parkinson's disease-associated protein α-synuclein (α-syn)/SNCA promotes the pathogenesis and progression of melanoma. We found that the human melanoma cell line SK-MEL-28 in which SNCA is knocked out (SNCA-KO) has low levels of tetraspanin CD81, which is a cell-surface protein that promotes invasion, migration, and immune suppression. Analyzing data from the Cancer Genome Atlas, we show that SNCA and CD81 mRNA levels are positively correlated in melanoma; melanoma survival is inversely related to the levels of SNCA and CD81; and SNCA/CD81 are inversely related to the expression of key cytokine genes (IL12A, IL12B, IFN, IFNG, PRF1 and GZMB) for immune activation and immune cell-mediated killing of melanoma cells. We propose that high levels of α-syn and CD81 in melanoma and in immune cells drive invasion and migration and in parallel cause an immunosuppressive microenvironment; these contributing factors lead to aggressive melanomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirjhar M Aloy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA; Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, USA
| | | | | | - Stephan N Witt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA; Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, USA.
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2
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Dewison KM, Rowlinson B, Machin JM, Crossley JA, Thacker D, Wilkinson M, Ulamec SM, Khan GN, Ranson NA, van Oosten-Hawle P, Brockwell DJ, Radford SE. Residues 2 to 7 of α-synuclein regulate amyloid formation via lipid-dependent and lipid-independent pathways. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2315006121. [PMID: 39133842 PMCID: PMC11348338 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2315006121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Amyloid formation by α-synuclein (αSyn) occurs in Parkinson's disease, multiple system atrophy, and dementia with Lewy bodies. Deciphering the residues that regulate αSyn amyloid fibril formation will not only provide mechanistic insight but may also reveal targets to prevent and treat disease. Previous investigations have identified several regions of αSyn to be important in the regulation of amyloid formation, including the non-amyloid-β component (NAC), P1 region (residues 36 to 42), and residues in the C-terminal domain. Recent studies have also indicated the importance of the N-terminal region of αSyn for both its physiological and pathological roles. Here, the role of residues 2 to 7 in the N-terminal region of αSyn is investigated in terms of their ability to regulate amyloid fibril formation in vitro and in vivo. Deletion of these residues (αSynΔN7) slows the rate of fibril formation in vitro and reduces the capacity of the protein to be recruited by wild-type (αSynWT) fibril seeds, despite cryo-EM showing a fibril structure consistent with those of full-length αSyn. Strikingly, fibril formation of αSynΔN7 is not induced by liposomes, despite the protein binding to liposomes with similar affinity to αSynWT. A Caenorhabditis elegans model also showed that αSynΔN7::YFP forms few puncta and lacks motility and lifespan defects typified by expression of αSynWT::YFP. Together, the results demonstrate the involvement of residues 2 to 7 of αSyn in amyloid formation, revealing a target for the design of amyloid inhibitors that may leave the functional role of the protein in membrane binding unperturbed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M. Dewison
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, LeedsLS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin Rowlinson
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, LeedsLS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan M. Machin
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, LeedsLS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Joel A. Crossley
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, LeedsLS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Dev Thacker
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, LeedsLS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Wilkinson
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, LeedsLS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Sabine M. Ulamec
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, LeedsLS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - G. Nasir Khan
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, LeedsLS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Neil A. Ranson
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, LeedsLS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | | | - David J. Brockwell
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, LeedsLS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Sheena E. Radford
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, LeedsLS2 9JT, United Kingdom
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3
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Kamano S, Ozawa D, Ikenaka K, Nagai Y. Role of Lipids in the Pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8935. [PMID: 39201619 PMCID: PMC11354291 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Aggregation of α-synuclein (αSyn) and its accumulation as Lewy bodies play a central role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the mechanism by which αSyn aggregates in the brain remains unclear. Biochemical studies have demonstrated that αSyn interacts with lipids, and these interactions affect the aggregation process of αSyn. Furthermore, genetic studies have identified mutations in lipid metabolism-associated genes such as glucocerebrosidase 1 (GBA1) and synaptojanin 1 (SYNJ1) in sporadic and familial forms of PD, respectively. In this review, we focus on the role of lipids in triggering αSyn aggregation in the pathogenesis of PD and propose the possibility of modulating the interaction of lipids with αSyn as a potential therapy for PD.
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Grants
- 24H00630 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 21H02840 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 17K19658 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 20H05927 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- JP16ek0109018 Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development
- JP19ek0109222 Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development
- 30-3 National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry
- 30-9 National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry
- 3-9 National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry
- 6-9 National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumpei Kamano
- Department of Neurology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama 589-8511, Osaka, Japan; (S.K.); (D.O.)
| | - Daisaku Ozawa
- Department of Neurology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama 589-8511, Osaka, Japan; (S.K.); (D.O.)
| | - Kensuke Ikenaka
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan;
| | - Yoshitaka Nagai
- Department of Neurology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama 589-8511, Osaka, Japan; (S.K.); (D.O.)
- Life Science Research Institute, Kindai University, Osaka-Sayama 589-8511, Osaka, Japan
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4
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de Boni L, Wallis A, Hays Watson A, Ruiz-Riquelme A, Leyland LA, Bourinaris T, Hannaway N, Wüllner U, Peters O, Priller J, Falkenburger BH, Wiltfang J, Bähr M, Zerr I, Bürger K, Perneczky R, Teipel S, Löhle M, Hermann W, Schott BH, Brockmann K, Spottke A, Haustein K, Breuer P, Houlden H, Weil RS, Bartels T. Aggregation-resistant alpha-synuclein tetramers are reduced in the blood of Parkinson's patients. EMBO Mol Med 2024; 16:1657-1674. [PMID: 38839930 PMCID: PMC11250827 DOI: 10.1038/s44321-024-00083-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Synucleinopathies such as Parkinson's disease (PD) are defined by the accumulation and aggregation of the α-synuclein protein in neurons, glia and other tissues. We have previously shown that destabilization of α-synuclein tetramers is associated with familial PD due to SNCA mutations and demonstrated brain-region specific alterations of α-synuclein multimers in sporadic PD patients following the classical Braak spreading theory. In this study, we assessed relative levels of disordered and higher-ordered multimeric forms of cytosolic α-synuclein in blood from familial PD with G51D mutations and sporadic PD patients. We used an adapted in vitro-cross-linking protocol for human EDTA-whole blood. The relative levels of higher-ordered α-synuclein tetramers were diminished in blood from familial PD and sporadic PD patients compared to controls. Interestingly, the relative amount of α-synuclein tetramers was already decreased in asymptomatic G51D carriers, supporting the hypothesis that α-synuclein multimer destabilization precedes the development of clinical PD. Our data, therefore suggest that measuring α-synuclein tetramers in blood may have potential as a facile biomarker assay for early detection and quantitative tracking of PD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura de Boni
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, W1T 7NF, UK
- Institute of Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), 51147, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Amber Wallis
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, W1T 7NF, UK
| | - Aurelia Hays Watson
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, W1T 7NF, UK
| | | | - Louise-Ann Leyland
- Dementia Research Center, Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Thomas Bourinaris
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Naomi Hannaway
- Dementia Research Center, Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Ullrich Wüllner
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127, Bonn, Germany
- Departments of Neurology and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Oliver Peters
- Institute of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12203, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Josef Priller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- University of Edinburgh and UK DRI, Edinburgh, EH16 4SB, UK
- School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Björn H Falkenburger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 37075, Goettingen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen, Georg August University, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
- Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Mathias Bähr
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 37075, Goettingen, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center, Georg August University, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Inga Zerr
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 37075, Goettingen, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center, Georg August University, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Katharina Bürger
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377, Munich, Germany
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Robert Perneczky
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 81377, Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
- Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W6 8RP, UK
| | - Stefan Teipel
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock-Greifswald, 17489, Rostock, Germany
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, 18147, Rostock, Germany
| | - Matthias Löhle
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock-Greifswald, 17489, Rostock, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University of Rostock, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Wiebke Hermann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock-Greifswald, 17489, Rostock, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University of Rostock, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Björn-Hendrik Schott
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 37075, Goettingen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Göttingen, Georg August University, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Brockmann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 72076, Tübingen, Germany
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Annika Spottke
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Katrin Haustein
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Peter Breuer
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Rimona S Weil
- Dementia Research Center, Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Tim Bartels
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, W1T 7NF, UK.
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5
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Ramalingam N, Haass C, Dettmer U. Physiological roles of α-synuclein serine-129 phosphorylation - not an oxymoron. Trends Neurosci 2024; 47:480-490. [PMID: 38862330 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2024.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
α-Synuclein (αS) is an abundant presynaptic protein that regulates neurotransmission. It is also a key protein implicated in a broad class of neurodegenerative disorders termed synucleinopathies, including Parkinson's disease (PD) and Lewy body dementia (LBD). Pathological αS deposits in these diseases, Lewy bodies (LBs)/neurites (LNs), contain about 90% of αS in its phospho-serine129 (pS129) form. Therefore, pS129 is widely used as a surrogate marker of pathology. However, recent findings demonstrate that pS129 is also physiologically triggered by neuronal activity to positively regulate synaptic transmission. In this opinion article, we contrast the literature on pathological and physiological pS129, with a special focus on the latter. We emphasize that pS129 is ambiguous and knowledge about the context is necessary to correctly interpret changes in pS129.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagendran Ramalingam
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Christian Haass
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany; Chair of Metabolic Biochemistry, Biomedical Center (BMC), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Ulf Dettmer
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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6
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Masato A, Bubacco L. The αSynuclein half-life conundrum. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 196:106524. [PMID: 38705490 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
αSynuclein (αSyn) misfolding and aggregation frequently precedes neuronal loss associated with Parkinson's Disease (PD) and other Synucleinopathies. The progressive buildup of pathological αSyn species results from alterations on αSyn gene and protein sequence, increased local concentrations, variations in αSyn interactome and protein network. Therefore, under physiological conditions, it is mandatory to regulate αSyn proteostasis as an equilibrium among synthesis, trafficking, degradation and extracellular release. In this frame, a crucial parameter is protein half-life. It provides indications of the turnover of a specific protein and depends on mRNA synthesis and translation regulation, subcellular localization, function and clearance by the designated degradative pathways. For αSyn, the molecular mechanisms regulating its proteostasis in neurons have been extensively investigated in various cellular models, either using biochemical or imaging approaches. Nevertheless, a converging estimate of αSyn half-life has not emerged yet. Here, we discuss the challenges in studying αSyn proteostasis under physiological and pathological conditions, the advantages and disadvantages of the experimental strategies proposed so far, and the relevance of determining αSyn half-life from a translational perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Masato
- UK Dementia Research Institute at University College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Luigi Bubacco
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Centro Studi per la Neurodegenerazione (CESNE), University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
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7
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Yang Q, Liu L, He F, Zhao W, Chen Z, Wu X, Rao B, Lin X, Mao F, Qu J, Zhang J. Retinal ganglion cell type-specific expression of synuclein family members revealed by scRNA-sequencing. Int J Med Sci 2024; 21:1472-1490. [PMID: 38903914 PMCID: PMC11186421 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.95598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Synuclein family members (Snca, Sncb, and Scng) are expressed in the retina, but their precise locations and roles are poorly understood. We performed an extensive analysis of the single-cell transcriptome in healthy and injured retinas to investigate their expression patterns and roles. We observed the expression of all synuclein family members in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), which remained consistent across species (human, mouse, and chicken). We unveiled differential expression of Snca across distinct clusters (highly expressed in most), while Sncb and Sncg displayed uniform expression across all clusters. Further, we observed a decreased expression in RGCs following traumatic axonal injury. However, the proportion of α-Syn-positive RGCs in all RGCs and α-Syn-positive intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) in all ipRGCs remained unaltered. Lastly, we identified changes in communication patterns preceding cell death, with particular significance in the pleiotrophin-nucleolin (Ptn-Ncl) and neural cell adhesion molecule signaling pathways, where communication differences were pronounced between cells with varying expression levels of Snca. Our study employs an innovative approach using scRNA-seq to characterize synuclein expression in health retinal cells, specifically focusing on RGC subtypes, advances our knowledge of retinal physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingwen Yang
- Laboratory of Retinal Physiology and Disease, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Laboratory of Retinal Physiology and Disease, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Fang He
- Laboratory of Retinal Physiology and Disease, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Wenna Zhao
- Laboratory of Retinal Physiology and Disease, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Zhongqun Chen
- Laboratory of Retinal Physiology and Disease, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Xiaotian Wu
- Laboratory of Retinal Physiology and Disease, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Bilin Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
- Laboratory of Retinal Physiology and Disease, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Xin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
- Laboratory of Retinal Physiology and Disease, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Fangyuan Mao
- Alberta Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Jia Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
- Laboratory of Retinal Physiology and Disease, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
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8
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White AJ, Clark KA, Alexander KD, Ramalingam N, Young-Pearse TL, Dettmer U, Selkoe DJ, Ho GPH. A stem cell-based assay platform demonstrates alpha-synuclein dependent synaptic dysfunction in patient-derived cortical neurons. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2024; 10:107. [PMID: 38773105 PMCID: PMC11109103 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-024-00725-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Alpha-synuclein (αS)-rich Lewy bodies and neurites in the cerebral cortex correlate with the presence of dementia in Parkinson disease (PD) and Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), but whether αS influences synaptic vesicle dynamics in human cortical neurons is unknown. Using a new iPSC-based assay platform for measuring synaptic vesicle cycling, we found that in human cortical glutamatergic neurons, increased αS from either transgenic expression or triplication of the endogenous locus in patient-derived neurons reduced synaptic vesicle cycling under both stimulated and spontaneous conditions. Thus, using a robust, easily adopted assay platform, we show for the first time αS-induced synaptic dysfunction in human cortical neurons, a key cellular substrate for PD dementia and DLB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J White
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Karis A Clark
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Kellianne D Alexander
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Nagendran Ramalingam
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Tracy L Young-Pearse
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ulf Dettmer
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Dennis J Selkoe
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Gary P H Ho
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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9
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Stavsky A, Parra-Rivas LA, Tal S, Riba J, Madhivanan K, Roy S, Gitler D. Synapsin E-domain is essential for α-synuclein function. eLife 2024; 12:RP89687. [PMID: 38713200 PMCID: PMC11076041 DOI: 10.7554/elife.89687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The cytosolic proteins synucleins and synapsins are thought to play cooperative roles in regulating synaptic vesicle (SV) recycling, but mechanistic insight is lacking. Here, we identify the synapsin E-domain as an essential functional binding-partner of α-synuclein (α-syn). Synapsin E-domain allows α-syn functionality, binds to α-syn, and is necessary and sufficient for enabling effects of α-syn at synapses of cultured mouse hippocampal neurons. Together with previous studies implicating the E-domain in clustering SVs, our experiments advocate a cooperative role for these two proteins in maintaining physiologic SV clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Stavsky
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences and School of Brain Sciences and Cognition, Ben-Gurion University of the NegevBeer ShevaIsrael
| | - Leonardo A Parra-Rivas
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San DiegoLa JollaUnited States
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research NetworkChevy ChaseUnited States
| | - Shani Tal
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences and School of Brain Sciences and Cognition, Ben-Gurion University of the NegevBeer ShevaIsrael
| | - Jen Riba
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences and School of Brain Sciences and Cognition, Ben-Gurion University of the NegevBeer ShevaIsrael
| | | | - Subhojit Roy
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San DiegoLa JollaUnited States
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research NetworkChevy ChaseUnited States
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San DiegoLa JollaUnited States
| | - Daniel Gitler
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences and School of Brain Sciences and Cognition, Ben-Gurion University of the NegevBeer ShevaIsrael
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10
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Jin X, Si X, Lei X, Liu H, Shao A, Li L. Disruption of Dopamine Homeostasis Associated with Alteration of Proteins in Synaptic Vesicles: A Putative Central Mechanism of Parkinson's Disease Pathogenesis. Aging Dis 2024; 15:1204-1226. [PMID: 37815908 PMCID: PMC11081171 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0821-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Vestigial dopaminergic cells in PD have selectivity for a sub-class of hypersensitive neurons with the nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) tract. DA is modulated in pre-synaptic nerve terminals to remain stable. To be specific, proteins at DA release sites that have a function of synthesizing and packing DA in cytoplasm, modulating release and reingestion, and changing excitability of neurons, display regional discrepancies that uncover relevancy of the observed sensitivity to neurodegenerative changes. Although the reasons of a majority of PD cases are still indistinct, heredity and environment are known to us to make significant influences. For decades, genetic analysis of PD patients with heredity in family have promoted our comprehension of pathogenesis to a great extent, which reveals correlative mechanisms including oxidative stress, abnormal protein homeostasis and mitochondrial dysfunction. In this review, we review the constitution of presynaptic vesicle related to DA homeostasis and describe the genetic and environmental evidence of presynaptic dysfunction that increase risky possibility of PD concerning intracellular vesicle transmission and their functional outcomes. We summarize alterations in synaptic vesicular proteins with great involvement in the reasons of some DA neurons highly vulnerable to neurodegenerative changes. We generalize different potential targets and therapeutic strategies for different pathogenic mechanisms, providing a reference for further studies of PD treatment in the future. But it remains to be further researched on this recently discovered and converging mechanism of vesicular dynamics and PD, which will provide a more profound comprehension and put up with new therapeutic tactics for PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanxiang Jin
- The First School of Medicine, School of Information and Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xiaoli Si
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Xiaoguang Lei
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, the First School of Clinical Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
| | - Huifang Liu
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - Anwen Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Key Laboratory of Precise Treatment and Clinical Translational Research of Neurological Disease, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Lingfei Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
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11
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Gu H, Gu C, Locker N, Ewing AG. Amperometry and Electron Microscopy show Stress Granules Induce Homotypic Fusion of Catecholamine Vesicles. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202400422. [PMID: 38380500 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202400422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
An overreactive stress granule (SG) pathway and long-lived, stable SGs formation are thought to participate in the progress of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). To understand if and how SGs contribute to disorders of neurotransmitter release in NDs, we examined the interaction between extracellular isolated SGs and vesicles. Amperometry shows that the vesicular content increases and dynamics of vesicle opening slow down after vesicles are treated with SGs, suggesting larger vesicles are formed. Data from transmission electron microscopy (TEM) clearly shows that a portion of large dense-core vesicles (LDCVs) with double/multiple cores appear, thus confirming that SGs induce homotypic fusion between LDCVs. This might be a protective step to help cells to survive following high oxidative stress. A hypothetical mechanism is proposed whereby enriched mRNA or protein in the shell of SGs is likely to bind intrinsically disordered protein (IDP) regions of vesicle associated membrane protein (VAMP) driving a disrupted membrane between two closely buddled vesicles to fuse with each other to form double-core vesicles. Our results show that SGs induce homotypic fusion of LDCVs, providing better understanding of how SGs intervene in pathological processes and opening a new direction to investigations of SGs involved neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Gu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, 411201, Xiangtan, China
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 41390, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Chaoyi Gu
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 41390, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Nicolas Locker
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, GU27XH, Guildford Surrey, UK
| | - Andrew G Ewing
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, 41390, Gothenburg, Sweden
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12
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Jin M, Wang S, Gao X, Zou Z, Hirotsune S, Sun L. Pathological and physiological functional cross-talks of α-synuclein and tau in the central nervous system. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:855-862. [PMID: 37843221 PMCID: PMC10664117 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.382231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
α-Synuclein and tau are abundant multifunctional brain proteins that are mainly expressed in the presynaptic and axonal compartments of neurons, respectively. Previous works have revealed that intracellular deposition of α-synuclein and/or tau causes many neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Despite intense investigation, the normal physiological functions and roles of α-synuclein and tau are still unclear, owing to the fact that mice with knockout of either of these proteins do not present apparent phenotypes. Interestingly, the co-occurrence of α-synuclein and tau aggregates was found in post-mortem brains with synucleinopathies and tauopathies, some of which share similarities in clinical manifestations. Furthermore, the direct interaction of α-synuclein with tau is considered to promote the fibrillization of each of the proteins in vitro and in vivo. On the other hand, our recent findings have revealed that α-synuclein and tau are cooperatively involved in brain development in a stage-dependent manner. These findings indicate strong cross-talk between the two proteins in physiology and pathology. In this review, we provide a summary of the recent findings on the functional roles of α-synuclein and tau in the physiological conditions and pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. A deep understanding of the interplay between α-synuclein and tau in physiological and pathological conditions might provide novel targets for clinical diagnosis and therapeutic strategies to treat neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Jin
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
- Department of Genetic Disease Research, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shengming Wang
- Department of Genetic Disease Research, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Xiaodie Gao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Zhenyou Zou
- Department of Scientific Research, Brain Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Liuzhou, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
| | - Shinji Hirotsune
- Department of Genetic Disease Research, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Liyuan Sun
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
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13
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Runwal GM, Edwards RH. The role of α-synuclein in exocytosis. Exp Neurol 2024; 373:114668. [PMID: 38147972 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of degeneration in Parkinson's disease (PD) remains poorly understood but multiple lines of evidence have converged on the presynaptic protein α-synuclein (αsyn). αSyn has been shown to regulate several cellular processes, however, its normal function remains poorly understood. In this review, we will specifically focus on its role in exocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam M Runwal
- Departments of Neurology and Physiology, UCSF School of Medicine, United States of America; Departments of Neurology and Physiology, UCSF School of Medicine, United States of America- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, United States of America
| | - Robert H Edwards
- Departments of Neurology and Physiology, UCSF School of Medicine, United States of America; Departments of Neurology and Physiology, UCSF School of Medicine, United States of America- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, United States of America.
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14
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Nuber S, Zhang X, McCaffery TD, Moors TE, Adom MA, Hahn WN, Martin D, Ericsson M, Tripathi A, Dettmer U, Svenningsson P, Selkoe DJ. Generation of G51D and 3D mice reveals decreased α-synuclein tetramer-monomer ratios promote Parkinson's disease phenotypes. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2024; 10:47. [PMID: 38424059 PMCID: PMC10904737 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-024-00662-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the α-Synuclein (αS) gene promote αS monomer aggregation that causes neurodegeneration in familial Parkinson's disease (fPD). However, most mouse models expressing single-mutant αS transgenes develop neuronal aggregates very slowly, and few have dopaminergic cell loss, both key characteristics of PD. To accelerate neurotoxic aggregation, we previously generated fPD αS E46K mutant mice with rationally designed triple mutations based on the α-helical repeat motif structure of αS (fPD E46K→3 K). The 3 K variant increased αS membrane association and decreased the physiological tetramer:monomer ratio, causing lipid- and vesicle-rich inclusions and robust tremor-predominant, L-DOPA responsive PD-like phenotypes. Here, we applied an analogous approach to the G51D fPD mutation and its rational amplification (G51D → 3D) to generate mutant mice. In contrast to 3 K mice, G51D and 3D mice accumulate monomers almost exclusively in the cytosol while also showing decreased αS tetramer:monomer ratios. Both 1D and 3D mutant mice gradually accumulate insoluble, higher-molecular weight αS oligomers. Round αS neuronal deposits at 12 mos immunolabel for ubiquitin and pSer129 αS, with limited proteinase K resistance. Both 1D and 3D mice undergo loss of striatal TH+ fibers and midbrain dopaminergic neurons by 12 mos and a bradykinesia responsive to L-DOPA. The 3D αS mice have decreased tetramer:monomer equilibria and recapitulate major features of PD. These fPD G51D and 3D mutant mice should be useful models to study neuronal αS-toxicity associated with bradykinetic motor phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Nuber
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Xiaoqun Zhang
- Neuro Svenningsson, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas D McCaffery
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Tim E Moors
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Marie-Alexandre Adom
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Wolf N Hahn
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Dylan Martin
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Maria Ericsson
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Arati Tripathi
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ulf Dettmer
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Per Svenningsson
- Neuro Svenningsson, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dennis J Selkoe
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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15
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Leandrou E, Chalatsa I, Anagnostou D, Machalia C, Semitekolou M, Filippa V, Makridakis M, Vlahou A, Anastasiadou E, Vekrellis K, Emmanouilidou E. α-Synuclein oligomers potentiate neuroinflammatory NF-κB activity and induce Ca v3.2 calcium signaling in astrocytes. Transl Neurodegener 2024; 13:11. [PMID: 38378800 PMCID: PMC10880263 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-024-00401-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is now realized that Parkinson's disease (PD) pathology extends beyond the substantia nigra, affecting both central and peripheral nervous systems, and exhibits a variety of non-motor symptoms often preceding motor features. Neuroinflammation induced by activated microglia and astrocytes is thought to underlie these manifestations. α-Synuclein aggregation has been linked with sustained neuroinflammation in PD, aggravating neuronal degeneration; however, there is still a lack of critical information about the structural identity of the α-synuclein conformers that activate microglia and/or astrocytes and the molecular pathways involved. METHODS To investigate the role of α-synuclein conformers in the development and maintenance of neuroinflammation, we used primary quiescent microglia and astrocytes, post-mortem brain tissues from PD patients and A53T α-synuclein transgenic mice that recapitulate key features of PD-related inflammatory responses in the absence of cell death, i.e., increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and complement proteins. Biochemical and -omics techniques including RNAseq and secretomic analyses, combined with 3D reconstruction of individual astrocytes and live calcium imaging, were used to uncover the molecular mechanisms underlying glial responses in the presence of α-synuclein oligomers in vivo and in vitro. RESULTS We found that the presence of SDS-resistant hyper-phosphorylated α-synuclein oligomers, but not monomers, was correlated with sustained inflammatory responses, such as elevated levels of endogenous antibodies and cytokines and microglial activation. Similar oligomeric α-synuclein species were found in post-mortem human brain samples of PD patients but not control individuals. Detailed analysis revealed a decrease in Iba1Low/CD68Low microglia and robust alterations in astrocyte number and morphology including process retraction. Our data indicated an activation of the p38/ATF2 signaling pathway mostly in microglia and a sustained induction of the NF-κB pathway in astrocytes of A53T mice. The sustained NF-κB activity triggered the upregulation of astrocytic T-type Cav3.2 Ca2+ channels, altering the astrocytic secretome and promoting the secretion of IGFBPL1, an IGF-1 binding protein with anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective potential. CONCLUSIONS Our work supports a causative link between the neuron-produced α-synuclein oligomers and sustained neuroinflammation in vivo and maps the signaling pathways that are stimulated in microglia and astrocytes. It also highlights the recruitment of astrocytic Cav3.2 channels as a potential neuroprotective mediator against the α-synuclein-induced neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouela Leandrou
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis Zografou, 15772, Athens, Greece
- Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Soranou Efesiou 4, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna Chalatsa
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis Zografou, 15772, Athens, Greece
- Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Soranou Efesiou 4, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Anagnostou
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis Zografou, 15772, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Machalia
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis Zografou, 15772, Athens, Greece
- Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Soranou Efesiou 4, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Semitekolou
- Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Soranou Efesiou 4, 11527, Athens, Greece
- School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Vicky Filippa
- Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Soranou Efesiou 4, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Manousos Makridakis
- Center for Systems Biology, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Soranou Efesiou 4, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Antonia Vlahou
- Center for Systems Biology, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Soranou Efesiou 4, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Ema Anastasiadou
- Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Soranou Efesiou 4, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Kostas Vekrellis
- Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Soranou Efesiou 4, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelia Emmanouilidou
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis Zografou, 15772, Athens, Greece.
- Center for Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Soranou Efesiou 4, 11527, Athens, Greece.
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16
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Nordengen K, Morland C. From Synaptic Physiology to Synaptic Pathology: The Enigma of α-Synuclein. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:986. [PMID: 38256059 PMCID: PMC10815905 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Alpha-synuclein (α-syn) has gained significant attention due to its involvement in neurodegenerative diseases, particularly Parkinson's disease. However, its normal function in the human brain is equally fascinating. The α-syn protein is highly dynamic and can adapt to various conformational stages, which differ in their interaction with synaptic elements, their propensity to drive pathological aggregation, and their toxicity. This review will delve into the multifaceted role of α-syn in different types of synapses, shedding light on contributions to neurotransmission and overall brain function. We describe the physiological role of α-syn at central synapses, including the bidirectional interaction between α-syn and neurotransmitter systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaja Nordengen
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Cecilie Morland
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, The Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, 1068 Oslo, Norway
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17
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Patterson JR, Kochmanski J, Stoll AC, Kubik M, Kemp CJ, Duffy MF, Thompson K, Howe JW, Cole-Strauss A, Kuhn NC, Miller KM, Nelson S, Onyekpe CU, Beck JS, Counts SE, Bernstein AI, Steece-Collier K, Luk KC, Sortwell CE. Transcriptomic profiling of early synucleinopathy in rats induced with preformed fibrils. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2024; 10:7. [PMID: 38172128 PMCID: PMC10764951 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-023-00620-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Examination of early phases of synucleinopathy when inclusions are present, but long before neurodegeneration occurs, is critical to both understanding disease progression and the development of disease modifying therapies. The rat alpha-synuclein (α-syn) preformed fibril (PFF) model induces synchronized synucleinopathy that recapitulates the pathological features of Parkinson's disease (PD) and can be used to study synucleinopathy progression. In this model, phosphorylated α-syn (pSyn) inclusion-containing neurons and reactive microglia (major histocompatibility complex-II immunoreactive) peak in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) months before appreciable neurodegeneration. However, it remains unclear which specific genes are driving these phenotypic changes. To identify transcriptional changes associated with early synucleinopathy, we used laser capture microdissection of the SNpc paired with RNA sequencing (RNASeq). Precision collection of the SNpc allowed for the assessment of differential transcript expression in the nigral dopamine neurons and proximal glia. Transcripts upregulated in early synucleinopathy were mainly associated with an immune response, whereas transcripts downregulated were associated with neurotransmission and the dopamine pathway. A subset of 29 transcripts associated with neurotransmission/vesicular release and the dopamine pathway were verified in a separate cohort of males and females to confirm reproducibility. Within this subset, fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to localize decreases in the Syt1 and Slc6a3 transcripts to pSyn inclusion-containing neurons. Identification of transcriptional changes in early synucleinopathy provides insight into the molecular mechanisms driving neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Patterson
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA.
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
| | - Joseph Kochmanski
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Anna C Stoll
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Michael Kubik
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Christopher J Kemp
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Megan F Duffy
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Kajene Thompson
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Jacob W Howe
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Allyson Cole-Strauss
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Nathan C Kuhn
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Kathryn M Miller
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Seth Nelson
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Christopher U Onyekpe
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - John S Beck
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Scott E Counts
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Alison I Bernstein
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- Environmental and Occupational Health Science Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Kathy Steece-Collier
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Kelvin C Luk
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Caryl E Sortwell
- Department of Translational Science and Molecular Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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18
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Shimanaka K, Shi B, Brontesi L, Alnakhala H, Jayanthi V, Subramanian K, Ramalingam N, Tripathi A, Dettmer U. Adding hydrophobicity or positive charges to the cytosolic half of the α-synuclein 3-11 helix increases membrane association and S129 phosphorylation. FEBS Lett 2024; 598:210-219. [PMID: 37989349 PMCID: PMC10842440 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
The neuronal protein α-synuclein is centrally involved in the neurodegeneration occurring in Parkinson's disease and related synucleinopathies. α-Synuclein's membrane-induced 3-11 helix conformation has a hydrophobic membrane-embedded half and a hydrophilic cytosolic half. Here, we studied the significance of (a) the surprising hydrophobicity of amino-acids at cytosol-exposed helix position 8; (b) the absence of positively charged lysine/arginine from all cytosol-exposed positions (1-5-8-9). We found that (a) further increasing hydrophobicity or adding lysine, but not glutamate, at position 8 augments both membrane interaction and S129 phosphorylation; (b) adding lysines at cytosol-exposed positions 1, 5, 8, or 9 has similar effects. Variants abundantly present in membranes by biochemical fractionation markedly colocalized with transferrin-receptor (an endosomal marker) in immunofluorescence-microscopy, indicating accumulation at vesicle membranes. Thus, we observed a striking correlation between membrane attraction and S129 phosphorylation, relevant for understanding α-synuclein biology in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Shimanaka
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bryan Shi
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Lisa Brontesi
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Heba Alnakhala
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Vidyashree Jayanthi
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kanagaraj Subramanian
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nagendran Ramalingam
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Arati Tripathi
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ulf Dettmer
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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19
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Wallace JN, Crockford ZC, Román-Vendrell C, Brady EB, Hoffmann C, Vargas KJ, Potcoava M, Wegman ME, Alford ST, Milovanovic D, Morgan JR. Excess phosphoserine-129 α-synuclein induces synaptic vesicle trafficking and declustering defects at a vertebrate synapse. Mol Biol Cell 2024; 35:ar10. [PMID: 37991902 PMCID: PMC10881165 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e23-07-0269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
α-Synuclein is a presynaptic protein that regulates synaptic vesicle (SV) trafficking. In Parkinson's disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), α-synuclein aberrantly accumulates throughout neurons, including at synapses. During neuronal activity, α-synuclein is reversibly phosphorylated at serine 129 (pS129). While pS129 comprises ∼4% of total α-synuclein under physiological conditions, it dramatically increases in PD and DLB brains. The impacts of excess pS129 on synaptic function are currently unknown. We show here that compared with wild-type (WT) α-synuclein, pS129 exhibits increased binding and oligomerization on synaptic membranes and enhanced vesicle "microclustering" in vitro. Moreover, when acutely injected into lamprey reticulospinal axons, excess pS129 α-synuclein robustly localized to synapses and disrupted SV trafficking in an activity-dependent manner, as assessed by ultrastructural analysis. Specifically, pS129 caused a declustering and dispersion of SVs away from the synaptic vicinity, leading to a significant loss of total synaptic membrane. Live imaging further revealed altered SV cycling, as well as microclusters of recently endocytosed SVs moving away from synapses. Thus, excess pS129 caused an activity-dependent inhibition of SV trafficking via altered vesicle clustering/reclustering. This work suggests that accumulation of pS129 at synapses in diseases like PD and DLB could have profound effects on SV dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Emily B. Brady
- Eugene Bell Center for Regenerative Biology and Tissue Engineering, and
| | - Christian Hoffmann
- Whitman Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Karina J. Vargas
- Eugene Bell Center for Regenerative Biology and Tissue Engineering, and
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15261
| | - Mariana Potcoava
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | | | - Simon T. Alford
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Dragomir Milovanovic
- Whitman Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 10117 Berlin, Germany
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20
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Smith AN, Joshi S, Chanzu H, Alfar HR, Prakhya KS, Whiteheart SW. α-Synuclein is the major platelet isoform but is dispensable for activation, secretion, and thrombosis. Platelets 2023; 34:2267147. [PMID: 37927048 PMCID: PMC10629845 DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2023.2267147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Platelets play many roles in the vasculature ensuring proper hemostasis and maintaining integrity. These roles are facilitated, in part, by cargo molecules released from platelet granules via Soluble NSF Attachment Protein Receptor (SNARE) mediated membrane fusion, which is controlled by several protein-protein interactions. Chaperones have been characterized for t-SNAREs (i.e. Munc18b for Syntaxin-11), but none have been clearly identified for v-SNAREs. α-Synuclein has been proposed as a v-SNARE chaperone which may affect SNARE-complex assembly, fusion pore opening, and thus secretion. Despite its abundance and that it is the only isoform present, α-synuclein's role in platelet secretion is uncharacterized. In this study, immunofluorescence showed that α-synuclein was present on punctate structures that co-stained with markers for α-granules and lysosomes and in a cytoplasmic pool. We analyzed the phenotype of α-synuclein-/- mice and their platelets. Platelets from knockout mice had a mild, agonist-dependent secretion defect but aggregation and spreading in vitro were unaffected. Consistently, thrombosis/hemostasis were unaffected in the tail-bleeding, FeCl3 carotid injury and jugular vein puncture models. None of the platelet secretory machinery examined, e.g. the v-SNAREs, were affected by α-synuclein's loss. The results indicate that, despite its abundance, α-synuclein has only a limited role in platelet function and thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis N. Smith
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Smita Joshi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Harry Chanzu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
- Present address: GenScript USA Inc., 860 Centennial Ave. Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Hammodah R. Alfar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | | | - Sidney W. Whiteheart
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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21
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Semerdzhiev SA, Segers-Nolten I, van der Schoot P, Blum C, Claessens MMAE. SARS-CoV-2 N-protein induces the formation of composite α-synuclein/N-protein fibrils that transform into a strain of α-synuclein fibrils. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:18337-18346. [PMID: 37921451 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr03556e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
The presence of deposits of alpha-synuclein (αS) fibrils in the cells of the brain is a hallmark of several α-synucleinopathies, including Parkinson's disease. As most disease cases are not familial, it is likely that external factors play a role in the disease onset. One of the external factors that may influence the disease onset is viral infection. It has recently been shown in in vitro assays that in the presence of SARS-Cov-2 N-protein, αS fibril formation is faster and proceeds in an unusual two-step aggregation process. Here, we show that faster fibril formation is not due to the SARS-CoV-2 N-protein-catalysed formation of an aggregation-prone nucleus. Instead, aggregation starts with the formation of a population of mixed αS/N-protein fibrils with low affinity for αS. Mixed amyloid fibrils, composed of two different proteins, have not been observed before. After the depletion of N-protein, fibril formation comes to a halt, until a slow transformation into fibrils with characteristics of a pure αS fibril strain occurs. This transformation into a strain of αS fibrils subsequently results in a second phase of fibril growth until a new equilibrium is reached. We hypothesize that this fibril strain transformation may be of relevance in the cell-to-cell spread of the αS pathology and disease onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slav A Semerdzhiev
- Nanobiophysics, Faculty of Science and Technology, MESA + Institute for Nanotechnology and, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - Ine Segers-Nolten
- Nanobiophysics, Faculty of Science and Technology, MESA + Institute for Nanotechnology and, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - Paul van der Schoot
- Soft Matter and Biological Physics, Department of Applied Physics and Science Education, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Blum
- Nanobiophysics, Faculty of Science and Technology, MESA + Institute for Nanotechnology and, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - Mireille M A E Claessens
- Nanobiophysics, Faculty of Science and Technology, MESA + Institute for Nanotechnology and, Technical Medical Centre, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands.
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22
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Moors TE, Li S, McCaffery TD, Ho GP, Bechade PA, Pham LN, Ericsson M, Nuber S. Increased palmitoylation improves estrogen receptor alpha-dependent hippocampal synaptic deficits in a mouse model of synucleinopathy. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadj1454. [PMID: 37976363 PMCID: PMC10957154 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj1454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by conversion of soluble α-synuclein (αS) into intraneuronal aggregates and degeneration of neurons and neuronal processes. Indications that women with early-stage PD display milder neurodegenerative features suggest that female sex partially protects against αS pathology. We previously reported that female sex and estradiol improved αS homeostasis and PD-like phenotypes in E46K-amplified (3K) αS mice. Here, we aimed to further dissect mechanisms that drive this sex dimorphism early in disease. We observed that synaptic abnormalities were delayed in females and improved by estradiol, mediated by local estrogen receptor alpha (ERα). Aberrant ERα distribution in 3K compared to wild-type mice was paired with its decreased palmitoylation. Treatment with ML348, a de-palmitoylation inhibitor, increased ERα availability and soluble αS homeostasis, ameliorating synaptic plasticity and cognitive and motor phenotypes. Our finding that sex differences in early-disease αS-induced synaptic impairment in 3KL mice are in part mediated by palmitoylated ERα may have functional and pathogenic implications for clinical PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim E. Moors
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shaomin Li
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Thomas D. McCaffery
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gary P. H. Ho
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Pascal A. Bechade
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Luu N. Pham
- Laboratory for Drug Discovery in Neurodegeneration, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Maria Ericsson
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Silke Nuber
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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23
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Jain S, Yee AG, Maas J, Gierok S, Xu H, Stansil J, Eriksen J, Nelson AB, Silm K, Ford CP, Edwards RH. Adaptor protein-3 produces synaptic vesicles that release phasic dopamine. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2309843120. [PMID: 37812725 PMCID: PMC10589613 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2309843120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The burst firing of midbrain dopamine neurons releases a phasic dopamine signal that mediates reinforcement learning. At many synapses, however, high firing rates deplete synaptic vesicles (SVs), resulting in synaptic depression that limits release. What accounts for the increased release of dopamine by stimulation at high frequency? We find that adaptor protein-3 (AP-3) and its coat protein VPS41 promote axonal dopamine release by targeting vesicular monoamine transporter VMAT2 to the axon rather than dendrites. AP-3 and VPS41 also produce SVs that respond preferentially to high-frequency stimulation, independent of their role in axonal polarity. In addition, conditional inactivation of VPS41 in dopamine neurons impairs reinforcement learning, and this involves a defect in the frequency dependence of release rather than the amount of dopamine released. Thus, AP-3 and VPS41 promote the axonal polarity of dopamine release but enable learning by producing a distinct population of SVs tuned specifically to high firing frequency that confers the phasic release of dopamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Jain
- Department of Physiology, University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA94143
- Department of Neurology, University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA94143
| | - Andrew G. Yee
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO80045
| | - James Maas
- Department of Physiology, University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA94143
- Department of Neurology, University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA94143
| | - Sarah Gierok
- Department of Physiology, University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA94143
- Department of Neurology, University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA94143
| | - Hongfei Xu
- Department of Physiology, University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA94143
- Department of Neurology, University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA94143
| | - Jasmine Stansil
- Department of Neurology, University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA94143
| | - Jacob Eriksen
- Department of Physiology, University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA94143
- Department of Neurology, University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA94143
| | - Alexandra B. Nelson
- Department of Neurology, University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA94143
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD20815
| | - Katlin Silm
- Department of Physiology, University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA94143
- Department of Neurology, University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA94143
| | - Christopher P. Ford
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO80045
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD20815
| | - Robert H. Edwards
- Department of Physiology, University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA94143
- Department of Neurology, University of California School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA94143
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD20815
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24
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Ramirez J, Pancoe SX, Rhoades E, Petersson EJ. The Effects of Lipids on α-Synuclein Aggregation In Vitro. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1476. [PMID: 37892158 PMCID: PMC10604467 DOI: 10.3390/biom13101476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The small neuronal protein α-synuclein (αS) is found in pre-synaptic terminals and plays a role in vesicle recycling and neurotransmission. Fibrillar aggregates of αS are the hallmark of Parkinson's disease and related neurodegenerative disorders. In both health and disease, interactions with lipids influence αS's structure and function, prompting much study of the effects of lipids on αS aggregation. A comprehensive collection (126 examples) of aggregation rate data for various αS/lipid combinations was presented, including combinations of lipid variations and mutations or post-translational modifications of αS. These data were interpreted in terms of lipid structure to identify general trends. These tabulated data serve as a resource for the community to help in the interpretation of aggregation experiments with lipids and to be potentially used as inputs for computational models of lipid effects on aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Ramirez
- Graduate Group in Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Samantha X. Pancoe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Elizabeth Rhoades
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - E. James Petersson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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25
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Vargas KJ, Colosi PL, Girardi E, Park JM, Harmon LE, Chandra SS. α-Synuclein colocalizes with AP180 and affects the size of clathrin lattices. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105091. [PMID: 37516240 PMCID: PMC10470054 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
α-Synuclein and family members β- and γ-synuclein are presynaptic proteins that sense and generate membrane curvature, properties important for synaptic vesicle (SV) cycling. αβγ-synuclein triple knockout neurons exhibit SV endocytosis deficits. Here, we investigated if α-synuclein affects clathrin assembly in vitro. Visualizing clathrin assembly on membranes using a lipid monolayer system revealed that α-synuclein increases clathrin lattices size and curvature. On cell membranes, we observe that α-synuclein is colocalized with clathrin and its adapter AP180 in a concentric ring pattern. Clathrin puncta that contain both α-synuclein and AP180 were significantly larger than clathrin puncta containing either protein alone. We determined that this effect occurs in part through colocalization of α-synuclein with the phospholipid PI(4,5)P2 in the membrane. Immuno-electron microscopy (EM) of synaptosomes uncovered that α-synuclein relocalizes from SVs to the presynaptic membrane upon stimulation, positioning α-synuclein to function on presynaptic membranes during or after stimulation. Additionally, we show that deletion of synucleins impacts brain-derived clathrin-coated vesicle size. Thus, α-synuclein affects the size and curvature of clathrin structures on membranes and functions as an endocytic accessory protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina J Vargas
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - P L Colosi
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA; PREP Program, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Eric Girardi
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jae-Min Park
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Leah E Harmon
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sreeganga S Chandra
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
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26
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Heesink G, Marseille MJ, Fakhree MAA, Driver MD, van Leijenhorst-Groener KA, Onck PR, Blum C, Claessens MM. Exploring Intra- and Inter-Regional Interactions in the IDP α-Synuclein Using smFRET and MD Simulations. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:3680-3688. [PMID: 37407505 PMCID: PMC10428166 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Theoretical concepts from polymer physics are often used to describe intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs). However, amino acid interactions within and between regions of the protein can lead to deviations from typical polymer scaling behavior and even to short-lived secondary structures. To investigate the key interactions in the dynamic IDP α-synuclein (αS) at the amino acid level, we conducted single-molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer (smFRET) experiments and coarse-grained molecular dynamics (CG-MD) simulations. We find excellent agreement between experiments and simulations. Our results show that a physiological salt solution is a good solvent for αS and that the protein is highly dynamic throughout its entire chain, with local intra- and inter-regional interactions leading to deviations from global scaling. Specifically, we observe expansion in the C-terminal region, compaction in the NAC region, and a slightly smaller distance between the C- and N-termini than expected. Our simulations indicate that the compaction in the NAC region results from hydrophobic aliphatic contacts, mostly between valine and alanine residues, and cation-π interactions between lysine and tyrosine. In addition, hydrogen bonds also seem to contribute to the compaction of the NAC region. The expansion of the C-terminal region is due to intraregional electrostatic repulsion and increased chain stiffness from several prolines. Overall, our study demonstrates the effectiveness of combining smFRET experiments with CG-MD simulations to investigate the key interactions in highly dynamic IDPs at the amino acid level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gobert Heesink
- Nanobiophysics,
Faculty of Science and Technology, MESA + Institute for Nanotechnology
and Technical Medical Centre, University
of Twente, PO Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam J. Marseille
- Nanobiophysics,
Faculty of Science and Technology, MESA + Institute for Nanotechnology
and Technical Medical Centre, University
of Twente, PO Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Mohammad A. A. Fakhree
- Nanobiophysics,
Faculty of Science and Technology, MESA + Institute for Nanotechnology
and Technical Medical Centre, University
of Twente, PO Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Mark D. Driver
- Micromechanics,
Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kirsten A. van Leijenhorst-Groener
- Nanobiophysics,
Faculty of Science and Technology, MESA + Institute for Nanotechnology
and Technical Medical Centre, University
of Twente, PO Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick R. Onck
- Micromechanics,
Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Blum
- Nanobiophysics,
Faculty of Science and Technology, MESA + Institute for Nanotechnology
and Technical Medical Centre, University
of Twente, PO Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Mireille M.A.E. Claessens
- Nanobiophysics,
Faculty of Science and Technology, MESA + Institute for Nanotechnology
and Technical Medical Centre, University
of Twente, PO Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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27
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Jain S, Yee AG, Maas J, Gierok S, Xu H, Stansil J, Eriksen J, Nelson A, Silm K, Ford CP, Edwards RH. Adaptor Protein-3 Produces Synaptic Vesicles that Release Phasic Dopamine. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.07.552338. [PMID: 37609166 PMCID: PMC10441354 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.07.552338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
The burst firing of midbrain dopamine neurons releases a phasic dopamine signal that mediates reinforcement learning. At many synapses, however, high firing rates deplete synaptic vesicles (SVs), resulting in synaptic depression that limits release. What accounts for the increased release of dopamine by stimulation at high frequency? We find that adaptor protein-3 (AP-3) and its coat protein VPS41 promote axonal dopamine release by targeting vesicular monoamine transporter VMAT2 to the axon rather than dendrites. AP-3 and VPS41 also produce SVs that respond preferentially to high frequency stimulation, independent of their role in axonal polarity. In addition, conditional inactivation of VPS41 in dopamine neurons impairs reinforcement learning, and this involves a defect in the frequency dependence of release rather than the amount of dopamine released. Thus, AP-3 and VPS41 promote the axonal polarity of dopamine release but enable learning by producing a novel population of SVs tuned specifically to high firing frequency that confers the phasic release of dopamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Jain
- Department of Physiology, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco USA
- Department of Neurology, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco USA
| | - Andrew G. Yee
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora USA
| | - James Maas
- Department of Physiology, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco USA
- Department of Neurology, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco USA
| | - Sarah Gierok
- Department of Physiology, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco USA
- Department of Neurology, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco USA
| | - Hongfei Xu
- Department of Physiology, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco USA
- Department of Neurology, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco USA
| | - Jasmine Stansil
- Department of Neurology, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco USA
| | - Jacob Eriksen
- Department of Physiology, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco USA
- Department of Neurology, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco USA
| | - Alexandra Nelson
- Department of Neurology, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco USA
| | - Katlin Silm
- Department of Physiology, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco USA
- Department of Neurology, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco USA
| | - Christopher P. Ford
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora USA
| | - Robert H. Edwards
- Department of Physiology, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco USA
- Department of Neurology, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco USA
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28
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Gajendran N, Rajasekaran S, Witt SN. Knocking out alpha-synuclein in melanoma cells downregulates L1CAM and decreases motility. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9243. [PMID: 37286800 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36451-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The Parkinson's disease (PD) associated protein, alpha-synuclein (α-syn/SNCA), is highly expressed in aggressive melanomas. The goal of this study was to reveal possible mechanism(s) of α-syn involvement in melanoma pathogenesis. Herein, we asked whether α-syn modulates the expression of the pro-oncogenic adhesion molecules L1CAM and N-cadherin. We used two human melanoma cell lines (SK-MEL-28, SK-MEL-29), SNCA-knockout (KO) clones, and two human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cell lines. In the melanoma lines, loss of α-syn expression resulted in significant decreases in the expression of L1CAM and N-cadherin and concomitant significant decreases in motility. On average, there was a 75% reduction in motility in the four SNCA-KOs tested compared to control cells. Strikingly, comparing neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells that have no detectable α-syn to SH-SY5Y cells that stably express α-syn (SH/+αS), we found that expressing α-syn increased L1CAM and single-cell motility by 54% and 597%, respectively. The reduction in L1CAM level in SNCA-KO clones was not due to a transcriptional effect, rather we found that L1CAM is more efficiently degraded in the lysosome in SNCA-KO clones than in control cells. We propose that α-syn is pro-survival to melanoma (and possibly neuroblastoma) because it promotes the intracellular trafficking of L1CAM to the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nithya Gajendran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
| | - Santhanasabapathy Rajasekaran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA
| | - Stephan N Witt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, USA.
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, USA.
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29
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Albarran E, Sun Y, Liu Y, Raju K, Dong A, Li Y, Wang S, Südhof TC, Ding JB. Postsynaptic synucleins mediate endocannabinoid signaling. Nat Neurosci 2023; 26:997-1007. [PMID: 37248337 PMCID: PMC10244176 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-023-01345-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Endocannabinoids are among the most powerful modulators of synaptic transmission throughout the nervous system, and yet little is understood about the release of endocannabinoids from postsynaptic compartments. Here we report an unexpected finding that endocannabinoid release requires synucleins, key contributors to Parkinson's disease. We show that endocannabinoids are released postsynaptically by a synuclein-dependent and SNARE-dependent mechanism. Specifically, we found that synuclein deletion blocks endocannabinoid-dependent synaptic plasticity; this block is reversed by postsynaptic expression of wild-type but not of mutant α-synuclein. Whole-cell recordings and direct optical monitoring of endocannabinoid signaling suggest that the synuclein deletion specifically blocks endocannabinoid release. Given the presynaptic role of synucleins in regulating vesicle lifecycle, we hypothesize that endocannabinoids are released via a membrane interaction mechanism. Consistent with this hypothesis, postsynaptic expression of tetanus toxin light chain, which cleaves synaptobrevin SNAREs, also blocks endocannabinoid-dependent signaling. The unexpected finding that endocannabinoids are released via a synuclein-dependent mechanism is consistent with a general function of synucleins in membrane trafficking and adds a piece to the longstanding puzzle of how neurons release endocannabinoids to induce synaptic plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eddy Albarran
- Neurosciences Graduate Program, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yue Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Karthik Raju
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ao Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yulong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Peking University School of Life Sciences, Beijing, China
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Sui Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mary M. and Sash A. Spencer Center for Vision Research, Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Thomas C Südhof
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Jun B Ding
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Buzzatto MV, Berberián MV, Di Bartolo AL, Masone D, Tomes CN. α-Synuclein is required for sperm exocytosis at a post-fusion stage. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1125988. [PMID: 37287458 PMCID: PMC10242118 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1125988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The sperm acrosome is a large dense-core granule whose contents are secreted by regulated exocytosis at fertilization through the opening of numerous fusion pores between the acrosomal and plasma membranes. In other cells, the nascent pore generated when the membrane surrounding a secretory vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane may have different fates. In sperm, pore dilation leads to the vesiculation and release of these membranes, together with the granule contents. α-Synuclein is a small cytosolic protein claimed to exhibit different roles in exocytic pathways in neurons and neuroendocrine cells. Here, we scrutinized its function in human sperm. Western blot revealed the presence of α-synuclein and indirect immunofluorescence its localization to the acrosomal domain of human sperm. Despite its small size, the protein was retained following permeabilization of the plasma membrane with streptolysin O. α-Synuclein was required for acrosomal release, as demonstrated by the inability of an inducer to elicit exocytosis when permeabilized human sperm were loaded with inhibitory antibodies to human α-synuclein. The antibodies halted calcium-induced secretion when introduced after the acrosome docked to the cell membrane. Two functional assays, fluorescence and transmission electron microscopies revealed that the stabilization of open fusion pores was responsible for the secretion blockage. Interestingly, synaptobrevin was insensitive to neurotoxin cleavage at this point, an indication of its engagement in cis SNARE complexes. The very existence of such complexes during AE reflects a new paradigm. Recombinant α-synuclein rescued the inhibitory effects of the anti-α-synuclein antibodies and of a chimeric Rab3A-22A protein that also inhibits AE after fusion pore opening. We applied restrained molecular dynamics simulations to compare the energy cost of expanding a nascent fusion pore between two model membranes and found it higher in the absence than in the presence of α-synuclein. Hence, our results suggest that α-synuclein is essential for expanding fusion pores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela Vanina Buzzatto
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza (IHEM)-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - María Victoria Berberián
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza (IHEM)-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
- Instituto de Ciencias Básicas (ICB)-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Ary Lautaro Di Bartolo
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Diego Masone
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza (IHEM)-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Claudia Nora Tomes
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza (IHEM)-CONICET-Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Mendoza, Argentina
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31
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Di Bartolo AL, Caparotta M, Masone D. Intrinsic Disorder in α-Synuclein Regulates the Exocytotic Fusion Pore Transition. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023. [PMID: 37192400 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Today, it is widely accepted that intrinsic disorder is strongly related to the cell cycle, during mitosis, differentiation, and apoptosis. Of particular interest are hybrid proteins possessing both structured and unstructured domains that are critical in human health and disease, such as α-synuclein. In this work, we describe how α-synuclein interacts with the nascent fusion pore as it evolves toward expansion. We unveil the key role played by its intrinsically disordered region as a thermodynamic regulator of the nucleation-expansion energy barrier. By analyzing a truncated variant of α-synuclein that lacks the disordered region, we find that the landscape of protein interactions with PIP2 and POPS lipids is highly altered, ultimately increasing the energy cost for the fusion pore to transit from nucleation to expansion. We conclude that the intrinsically disordered region in full-length α-synuclein recognizes and allocates pivotal protein:lipid interactions during membrane remodeling in the first stages of the fusion pore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ary Lautaro Di Bartolo
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (UNCuyo), 5500 Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Marcelo Caparotta
- Quantum Theory Project, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Diego Masone
- Instituto de Histología y Embriología de Mendoza (IHEM) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (UNCuyo), 5500 Mendoza, Argentina
- Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (UNCuyo), 5500 Mendoza, Argentina
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Stephens AD, Villegas AF, Chung CW, Vanderpoorten O, Pinotsi D, Mela I, Ward E, McCoy TM, Cubitt R, Routh AF, Kaminski CF, Kaminski Schierle GS. α-Synuclein fibril and synaptic vesicle interactions lead to vesicle destruction and increased lipid-associated fibril uptake into iPSC-derived neurons. Commun Biol 2023; 6:526. [PMID: 37188797 PMCID: PMC10185682 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04884-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Monomeric alpha-synuclein (aSyn) is a well characterised protein that importantly binds to lipids. aSyn monomers assemble into amyloid fibrils which are localised to lipids and organelles in insoluble structures found in Parkinson's disease patient's brains. Previous work to address pathological aSyn-lipid interactions has focused on using synthetic lipid membranes, which lack the complexity of physiological lipid membranes. Here, we use physiological membranes in the form of synaptic vesicles (SV) isolated from rodent brain to demonstrate that lipid-associated aSyn fibrils are more easily taken up into iPSC-derived cortical i3Neurons. Lipid-associated aSyn fibril characterisation reveals that SV lipids are an integrated part of the fibrils and while their fibril morphology differs from aSyn fibrils alone, the core fibril structure remains the same, suggesting the lipids lead to the increase in fibril uptake. Furthermore, SV enhance the aggregation rate of aSyn, yet increasing the SV:aSyn ratio causes a reduction in aggregation propensity. We finally show that aSyn fibrils disintegrate SV, whereas aSyn monomers cause clustering of SV using small angle neutron scattering and high-resolution imaging. Disease burden on neurons may be impacted by an increased uptake of lipid-associated aSyn which could enhance stress and pathology, which in turn may have fatal consequences for neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amberley D Stephens
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Ana Fernandez Villegas
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Chyi Wei Chung
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Physics, Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Oliver Vanderpoorten
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Physics and Technology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Dorothea Pinotsi
- Scientific Center for Optical and Electron Microscopy, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ioanna Mela
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Edward Ward
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Thomas M McCoy
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Alexander F Routh
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Clemens F Kaminski
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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33
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Lyra P, Machado V, Rota S, Chaudhuri KR, Botelho J, Mendes JJ. Revisiting Alpha-Synuclein Pathways to Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087137. [PMID: 37108299 PMCID: PMC10138587 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Alpha-synuclein (α-Syn) is a short presynaptic protein with an active role on synaptic vesicle traffic and the neurotransmitter release and reuptake cycle. The α-Syn pathology intertwines with the formation of Lewy Bodies (multiprotein intraneuronal aggregations), which, combined with inflammatory events, define various α-synucleinopathies, such as Parkinson's Disease (PD). In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on α-Syn mechanistic pathways to inflammation, as well as the eventual role of microbial dysbiosis on α-Syn. Furthermore, we explore the possible influence of inflammatory mitigation on α-Syn. In conclusion, and given the rising burden of neurodegenerative disorders, it is pressing to clarify the pathophysiological processes underlying α-synucleinopathies, in order to consider the mitigation of existing low-grade chronic inflammatory states as a potential pathway toward the management and prevention of such conditions, with the aim of starting to search for concrete clinical recommendations in this particular population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Lyra
- Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, Caparica, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal
- Evidence-Based Hub, CiiEM, Egas Moniz-Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, Caparica, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal
| | - Vanessa Machado
- Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, Caparica, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal
- Evidence-Based Hub, CiiEM, Egas Moniz-Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, Caparica, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal
| | - Silvia Rota
- Department of Basic & Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
- Parkinson's Foundation Center of Excellence, King's College Hospital, London SE5 9RS, UK
| | - Kallol Ray Chaudhuri
- Department of Basic & Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London WC2R 2LS, UK
- Parkinson's Foundation Center of Excellence, King's College Hospital, London SE5 9RS, UK
| | - João Botelho
- Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, Caparica, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal
- Evidence-Based Hub, CiiEM, Egas Moniz-Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, Caparica, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal
| | - José João Mendes
- Egas Moniz Center for Interdisciplinary Research (CiiEM), Egas Moniz School of Health and Science, Caparica, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal
- Evidence-Based Hub, CiiEM, Egas Moniz-Cooperativa de Ensino Superior, Caparica, 2829-511 Almada, Portugal
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34
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Masato A, Plotegher N, Terrin F, Sandre M, Faustini G, Thor A, Adams S, Berti G, Cogo S, De Lazzari F, Fontana CM, Martinez PA, Strong R, Bandopadhyay R, Bisaglia M, Bellucci A, Greggio E, Dalla Valle L, Boassa D, Bubacco L. DOPAL initiates αSynuclein-dependent impaired proteostasis and degeneration of neuronal projections in Parkinson's disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2023; 9:42. [PMID: 36966140 PMCID: PMC10039907 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-023-00485-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Dopamine dyshomeostasis has been acknowledged among the determinants of nigrostriatal neuron degeneration in Parkinson's disease (PD). Several studies in experimental models and postmortem PD patients underlined increasing levels of the dopamine metabolite 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde (DOPAL), which is highly reactive towards proteins. DOPAL has been shown to covalently modify the presynaptic protein αSynuclein (αSyn), whose misfolding and aggregation represent a major trait of PD pathology, triggering αSyn oligomerization in dopaminergic neurons. Here, we demonstrated that DOPAL elicits αSyn accumulation and hampers αSyn clearance in primary neurons. DOPAL-induced αSyn buildup lessens neuronal resilience, compromises synaptic integrity, and overwhelms protein quality control pathways in neurites. The progressive decline of neuronal homeostasis further leads to dopaminergic neuron loss and motor impairment, as showed in in vivo models. Finally, we developed a specific antibody which detected increased DOPAL-modified αSyn in human striatal tissues from idiopathic PD patients, corroborating the translational relevance of αSyn-DOPAL interplay in PD neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Masato
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, 35131, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Plotegher
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, 35131, Italy
- Centro Studi per la Neurodegenerazione (CESNE), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesca Terrin
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, 35131, Italy
| | - Michele Sandre
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova, 35131, Italy
| | - Gaia Faustini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, 25123, Italy
| | - Andrea Thor
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0608, USA
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0608, USA
| | - Stephen Adams
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0608, USA
| | - Giulia Berti
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, 35131, Italy
| | - Susanna Cogo
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, 35131, Italy
| | | | | | - Paul Anthony Martinez
- Department of Pharmacology and Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- South Texas Veterans Health Care Network, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Randy Strong
- Department of Pharmacology and Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- South Texas Veterans Health Care Network, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Rina Bandopadhyay
- Reta Lila Weston Institute of Neurological Studies, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 1PJ, UK
| | - Marco Bisaglia
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, 35131, Italy
- Centro Studi per la Neurodegenerazione (CESNE), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Arianna Bellucci
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, 25123, Italy
| | - Elisa Greggio
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, 35131, Italy
- Centro Studi per la Neurodegenerazione (CESNE), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Daniela Boassa
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0608, USA.
- National Center for Microscopy and Imaging Research, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0608, USA.
| | - Luigi Bubacco
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, 35131, Italy.
- Centro Studi per la Neurodegenerazione (CESNE), University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
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Maneu V, Borges R, Gandía L, García AG. Forty years of the adrenal chromaffin cell through ISCCB meetings around the world. Pflugers Arch 2023; 475:667-690. [PMID: 36884064 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-023-02793-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
This historical review focuses on the evolution of the knowledge accumulated during the last two centuries on the biology of the adrenal medulla gland and its chromaffin cells (CCs). The review emerged in the context of a series of meetings that started on the Spanish island of Ibiza in 1982 with the name of the International Symposium on Chromaffin Cell Biology (ISCCB). Hence, the review is divided into two periods namely, before 1982 and from this year to 2022, when the 21st ISCCB meeting was just held in Hamburg, Germany. The first historical period extends back to 1852 when Albert Kölliker first described the fine structure and function of the adrenal medulla. Subsequently, the adrenal staining with chromate salts identified the CCs; this was followed by the establishment of the embryological origin of the adrenal medulla, and the identification of adrenaline-storing vesicles. By the end of the nineteenth century, the basic morphology, histochemistry, and embryology of the adrenal gland were known. The twentieth century began with breakthrough findings namely, the experiment of Elliott suggesting that adrenaline was the sympathetic neurotransmitter, the isolation of pure adrenaline, and the deciphering of its molecular structure and chemical synthesis in the laboratory. In the 1950s, Blaschko isolated the catecholamine-storing vesicles from adrenal medullary extracts. This switched the interest in CCs as models of sympathetic neurons with an explosion of studies concerning their functions, i.e., uptake of catecholamines by chromaffin vesicles through a specific coupled transport system; the identification of several vesicle components in addition to catecholamines including chromogranins, ATP, opioids, and other neuropeptides; the calcium-dependence of the release of catecholamines; the underlying mechanism of exocytosis of this release, as indicated by the co-release of proteins; the cross-talk between the adrenal cortex and the medulla; and the emission of neurite-like processes by CCs in culture, among other numerous findings. The 1980s began with the introduction of new high-resolution techniques such as patch-clamp, calcium probes, marine toxins-targeting ion channels and receptors, confocal microscopy, or amperometry. In this frame of technological advances at the Ibiza ISCCB meeting in 1982, 11 senior researchers in the field predicted a notable increase in our knowledge in the field of CCs and the adrenal medulla; this cumulative knowledge that occurred in the last 40 years of history of the CC is succinctly described in the second part of this historical review. It deals with cell excitability, ion channel currents, the exocytotic fusion pore, the handling of calcium ions by CCs, the kinetics of exocytosis and endocytosis, the exocytotic machinery, and the life cycle of secretory vesicles. These concepts together with studies on the dynamics of membrane fusion with super-resolution imaging techniques at the single-protein level were extensively reviewed by top scientists in the field at the 21st ISCCB meeting in Hamburg in the summer of 2022; this frontier topic is also briefly reviewed here. Many of the concepts arising from those studies contributed to our present understanding of synaptic transmission. This has been studied in physiological or pathophysiological conditions, in CCs from animal disease models. In conclusion, the lessons we have learned from CC biology as a peripheral model for brain and brain disease pertain more than ever to cutting-edge research in neurobiology. In the 22nd ISCCB meeting in Israel in 2024 that Uri Asheri is organizing, we will have the opportunity of seeing the progress of the questions posed in Ibiza, and on other questions that undoubtedly will arise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Maneu
- Departamento de Óptica, Farmacología y Anatomía, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Ricardo Borges
- Unidad de Farmacología, Departamento de Medicina Física y Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Luis Gandía
- Instituto Fundación Teófilo Hernando, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio G García
- Instituto Fundación Teófilo Hernando, Madrid, Spain. .,Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain. .,Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Princesa, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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36
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Shashaank N, Somayaji M, Miotto M, Mosharov EV, Makowicz EA, Knowles DA, Ruocco G, Sulzer DL. Computational models of dopamine release measured by fast scan cyclic voltammetry in vivo. PNAS NEXUS 2023; 2:pgad044. [PMID: 36909827 PMCID: PMC10003750 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Dopamine neurotransmission in the striatum is central to many normal and disease functions. Ventral midbrain dopamine neurons exhibit ongoing tonic firing that produces low extrasynaptic levels of dopamine below the detection of conventional extrasynaptic cyclic voltammetry (∼10-20 nanomolar), with superimposed bursts that can saturate the dopamine uptake transporter and produce transient micromolar concentrations. The bursts are known to lead to marked presynaptic plasticity via multiple mechanisms, but analysis methods for these kinetic parameters are limited. To provide a deeper understanding of the mechanics of the modulation of dopamine neurotransmission by physiological, genetic, and pharmacological means, we present three computational models of dopamine release with different levels of spatiotemporal complexity to analyze in vivo fast-scan cyclic voltammetry recordings from the dorsal striatum of mice. The models accurately fit to cyclic voltammetry data and provide estimates of presynaptic dopamine facilitation/depression kinetics and dopamine transporter reuptake kinetics, and we used the models to analyze the role of synuclein proteins in neurotransmission. The models' results support recent findings linking the presynaptic protein α-synuclein to the short-term facilitation and long-term depression of dopamine release, as well as reveal a new role for β-synuclein and/or γ-synuclein in the long-term regulation of dopamine reuptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Shashaank
- Department of Computer Science, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY 10013, USA
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Mahalakshmi Somayaji
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Mattia Miotto
- Department of Physics, Sapienza University, Rome 00185, Italy
- Center for Life Nano & Neuroscience, Italian Institute of Technology, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - Eugene V Mosharov
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Emily A Makowicz
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - David A Knowles
- Department of Computer Science, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- New York Genome Center, New York, NY 10013, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Data Science Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Giancarlo Ruocco
- Department of Physics, Sapienza University, Rome 00185, Italy
- Center for Life Nano & Neuroscience, Italian Institute of Technology, Rome 00161, Italy
| | - David L Sulzer
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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37
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Protective mechanisms by glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor and cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor against the α-synuclein accumulation in Parkinson's disease. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:245-257. [PMID: 36794783 DOI: 10.1042/bst20220770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Synucleinopathies constitute a disease family named after alpha-synuclein protein, which is a significant component of the intracellular inclusions called Lewy bodies. Accompanying the progressive neurodegeneration, Lewy bodies and neurites are the main histopathologies of synucleinopathies. The complicated role of alpha-synuclein in the disease pathology makes it an attractive therapeutic target for disease-modifying treatments. GDNF is one of the most potent neurotrophic factors for dopamine neurons, whereas CDNF is protective and neurorestorative with entirely different mechanisms of action. Both have been in the clinical trials for the most common synucleinopathy, Parkinson's disease. With the AAV-GDNF clinical trials ongoing and the CDNF trial being finalized, their effects on abnormal alpha-synuclein accumulation are of great interest. Previous animal studies with an alpha-synuclein overexpression model have shown that GDNF was ineffective against alpha-synuclein accumulation. However, a recent study with cell culture and animal models of alpha-synuclein fibril inoculation has demonstrated the opposite by revealing that the GDNF/RET signaling cascade is required for the protective effect of GDNF on alpha-synuclein aggregation. CDNF, an ER resident protein, was shown to bind alpha-synuclein directly. CDNF reduced the uptake of alpha-synuclein fibrils by the neurons and alleviated the behavioral deficits induced by fibrils injected into the mouse brain. Thus, GDNF and CDNF can modulate different symptoms and pathologies of Parkinson's disease, and perhaps, similarly for other synucleinopathies. Their unique mechanisms for preventing alpha-synuclein-related pathology should be studied more carefully to develop disease-modifying therapies.
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Sharma M, Burré J. α-Synuclein in synaptic function and dysfunction. Trends Neurosci 2023; 46:153-166. [PMID: 36567199 PMCID: PMC9877183 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2022.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
α-Synuclein is a neuronal protein that is enriched in presynaptic terminals. Under physiological conditions, it binds to synaptic vesicle membranes and functions in neurotransmitter release, although the molecular details remain unclear, and it is controversial whether α-synuclein inhibits or facilitates neurotransmitter release. Pathologically, in synucleinopathies including Parkinson's disease (PD), α-synuclein forms aggregates that recruit monomeric α-synuclein and spread throughout the brain, which triggers neuronal dysfunction at molecular, cellular, and organ levels. Here, we present an overview of the effects of α-synuclein on SNARE-complex assembly, neurotransmitter release, and synaptic vesicle pool homeostasis, and discuss how the observed divergent effects of α-synuclein on neurotransmitter release can be reconciled. We also discuss how gain-of-function versus loss-of-function of α-synuclein may contribute to pathogenesis in synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manu Sharma
- Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Jacqueline Burré
- Appel Alzheimer's Disease Research Institute, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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Ramalingam N, Jin SX, Moors TE, Fonseca-Ornelas L, Shimanaka K, Lei S, Cam HP, Watson AH, Brontesi L, Ding L, Hacibaloglu DY, Jiang H, Choi SJ, Kanter E, Liu L, Bartels T, Nuber S, Sulzer D, Mosharov EV, Chen WV, Li S, Selkoe DJ, Dettmer U. Dynamic physiological α-synuclein S129 phosphorylation is driven by neuronal activity. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2023; 9:4. [PMID: 36646701 PMCID: PMC9842642 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-023-00444-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In Parkinson's disease and other synucleinopathies, the elevation of α-synuclein phosphorylated at Serine129 (pS129) is a widely cited marker of pathology. However, the physiological role for pS129 has remained undefined. Here we use multiple approaches to show for the first time that pS129 functions as a physiological regulator of neuronal activity. Neuronal activity triggers a sustained increase of pS129 in cultured neurons (200% within 4 h). In accord, brain pS129 is elevated in environmentally enriched mice exhibiting enhanced long-term potentiation. Activity-dependent α-synuclein phosphorylation is S129-specific, reversible, confers no cytotoxicity, and accumulates at synapsin-containing presynaptic boutons. Mechanistically, our findings are consistent with a model in which neuronal stimulation enhances Plk2 kinase activity via a calcium/calcineurin pathway to counteract PP2A phosphatase activity for efficient phosphorylation of membrane-bound α-synuclein. Patch clamping of rat SNCA-/- neurons expressing exogenous wild-type or phospho-incompetent (S129A) α-synuclein suggests that pS129 fine-tunes the balance between excitatory and inhibitory neuronal currents. Consistently, our novel S129A knock-in (S129AKI) mice exhibit impaired hippocampal plasticity. The discovery of a key physiological function for pS129 has implications for understanding the role of α-synuclein in neurotransmission and adds nuance to the interpretation of pS129 as a synucleinopathy biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagendran Ramalingam
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Shan-Xue Jin
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Tim E Moors
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Luis Fonseca-Ornelas
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Kazuma Shimanaka
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Shi Lei
- Leveragen, Inc., 17 Briden Street, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Hugh P Cam
- Leveragen, Inc., 17 Briden Street, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | | | - Lisa Brontesi
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Lai Ding
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Dinc Yasat Hacibaloglu
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Haiyang Jiang
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Se Joon Choi
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Research Foundation for Mental Hygiene, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Ellen Kanter
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Research Foundation for Mental Hygiene, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Lei Liu
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Tim Bartels
- UK Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Silke Nuber
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - David Sulzer
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Research Foundation for Mental Hygiene, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics and Pharmacology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Eugene V Mosharov
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Research Foundation for Mental Hygiene, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Weisheng V Chen
- Leveragen, Inc., 17 Briden Street, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Shaomin Li
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Dennis J Selkoe
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ulf Dettmer
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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The Role of α-Synuclein in SNARE-mediated Synaptic Vesicle Fusion. J Mol Biol 2023; 435:167775. [PMID: 35931109 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2022.167775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal communication depends on exquisitely regulated membrane fusion between synaptic vesicles and presynaptic neurons, which results in neurotransmitter release in precisely timed patterns. Presynaptic dysfunctions are known to occur prior to the onset of neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease. Synaptic accumulation of α-synuclein (α-Syn) oligomers has been implicated in the pathway leading to such outcomes. α-Syn oligomers exert aberrant effects on presynaptic fusion machinery through their interactions with synaptic vesicles and proteins. Here, we summarize in vitro bulk and single-vesicle assays for investigating the functions of α-Syn monomers and oligomers in synaptic vesicle fusion and then discuss the current understanding of the roles of α-Syn monomers and oligomers in synaptic vesicle fusion. Finally, we suggest a new therapeutic avenue specifically targeting the mechanisms of α-Syn oligomer toxicity rather than the oligomer itself.
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Dias SB, de Lemos L, Sousa L, Bitoque DB, Silva GA, Seabra MC, Tenreiro S. Age-Related Changes of the Synucleins Profile in the Mouse Retina. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13010180. [PMID: 36671565 PMCID: PMC9855780 DOI: 10.3390/biom13010180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Alpha-synuclein (aSyn) plays a central role in Parkinson's disease (PD) and has been extensively studied in the brain. This protein is part of the synuclein family, which is also composed of beta-synuclein (bSyn) and gamma-synuclein (gSyn). In addition to its neurotoxic role, synucleins have important functions in the nervous system, modulating synaptic transmission. Synucleins are expressed in the retina, but they have been poorly characterized. However, there is evidence that they are important for visual function and that they can play a role in retinal degeneration. This study aimed to profile synucleins in the retina of naturally aged mice and to correlate their patterns with specific retinal cells. With aging, we observed a decrease in the thickness of specific retinal layers, accompanied by an increase in glial reactivity. Moreover, the aSyn levels decreased, whereas bSyn increased with aging. The colocalization of both proteins was decreased in the inner plexiform layer (IPL) of the aged retina. gSyn presented an age-related decrease at the inner nuclear layer but was not significantly changed in the ganglion cell layer. The synaptic marker synaptophysin was shown to be preferentially colocalized with aSyn in the IPL with aging. At the same time, aSyn was found to exist at the presynaptic endings of bipolar cells and was affected by aging. Overall, this study suggests that physiological aging can be responsible for changes in the retinal tissue, implicating functional alterations that could affect synuclein family function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Batista Dias
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS|FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luísa de Lemos
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS|FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luís Sousa
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS|FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Diogo B. Bitoque
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS|FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Gabriela Araújo Silva
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS|FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Miguel C. Seabra
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS|FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Sandra Tenreiro
- iNOVA4Health, NOVA Medical School|Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, NMS|FCM, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1169-056 Lisboa, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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Raus AM, Fuller TD, Nelson NE, Valientes DA, Bayat A, Ivy AS. Early-life exercise primes the murine neural epigenome to facilitate gene expression and hippocampal memory consolidation. Commun Biol 2023; 6:18. [PMID: 36611093 PMCID: PMC9825372 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04393-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aerobic exercise is well known to promote neuroplasticity and hippocampal memory. In the developing brain, early-life exercise (ELE) can lead to persistent improvements in hippocampal function, yet molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon have not been fully explored. In this study, transgenic mice harboring the "NuTRAP" (Nuclear tagging and Translating Ribosome Affinity Purification) cassette in Emx1 expressing neurons ("Emx1-NuTRAP" mice) undergo ELE during adolescence. We then simultaneously isolate and sequence translating mRNA and nuclear chromatin from single hippocampal homogenates containing Emx1-expressing neurons. This approach allowed us to couple translatomic with epigenomic sequencing data to evaluate the influence of histone modifications H4K8ac and H3K27me3 on translating mRNA after ELE. A subset of ELE mice underwent a hippocampal learning task to determine the gene expression and epigenetic underpinnings of ELE's contribution to improved hippocampal memory performance. From this experiment, we discover gene expression - histone modification relationships that may play a critical role in facilitated memory after ELE. Our data reveal candidate gene-histone modification interactions and implicate gene regulatory pathways involved in ELE's impact on hippocampal memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony M Raus
- Physiology/Biophysics, Anatomy/Neurobiology, University of California- Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Tyson D Fuller
- Pediatrics, University of California- Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Nellie E Nelson
- Physiology/Biophysics, Anatomy/Neurobiology, University of California- Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - David A Valientes
- Pediatrics, University of California- Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Anita Bayat
- Pediatrics, University of California- Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Autumn S Ivy
- Physiology/Biophysics, Anatomy/Neurobiology, University of California- Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Pediatrics, University of California- Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Neurobiology/Behavior, University of California- Irvine School of Biological Sciences, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Anatomy/Neurobiology, University of California- Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital Orange County, Orange, CA, USA.
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A Multi-Trait Association Analysis of Brain Disorders and Platelet Traits Identifies Novel Susceptibility Loci for Major Depression, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease. Cells 2023; 12:cells12020245. [PMID: 36672180 PMCID: PMC9856280 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Among candidate neurodegenerative/neuropsychiatric risk-predictive biomarkers, platelet count, mean platelet volume and platelet distribution width have been associated with the risk of major depressive disorder (MDD), Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) through epidemiological and genomic studies, suggesting partial co-heritability. We exploited these relationships for a multi-trait association analysis, using publicly available summary statistics of genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of all traits reported above. Gene-based enrichment tests were carried out, as well as a network analysis of significantly enriched genes. We analyzed 4,540,326 single nucleotide polymorphisms shared among the analyzed GWASs, observing 149 genome-wide significant multi-trait LD-independent associations (p < 5 × 10-8) for AD, 70 for PD and 139 for MDD. Among these, 27 novel associations were detected for AD, 34 for PD and 40 for MDD. Out of 18,781 genes with annotated variants within ±10 kb, 62 genes were enriched for associations with AD, 70 with PD and 125 with MDD (p < 2.7 × 10-6). Of these, seven genes were novel susceptibility loci for AD (EPPK1, TTLL1, PACSIN2, TPM4, PIF1, ZNF689, AZGP1P1), two for PD (SLC26A1, EFNA3) and two for MDD (HSPH1, TRMT61A). The resulting network showed a significant excess of interactions (enrichment p = 1.0 × 10-16). The novel genes that were identified are involved in the organization of cytoskeletal architecture (EPPK1, TTLL1, PACSIN2, TPM4), telomere shortening (PIF1), the regulation of cellular aging (ZNF689, AZGP1P1) and neurodevelopment (EFNA3), thus, providing novel insights into the shared underlying biology of brain disorders and platelet parameters.
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High-speed imaging reveals the bimodal nature of dense core vesicle exocytosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2214897120. [PMID: 36574702 PMCID: PMC9910497 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2214897120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
During exocytosis, the fusion of secretory vesicle with plasma membrane forms a pore that regulates release of neurotransmitter and peptide. Heterogeneity of fusion pore behavior has been attributed to stochastic variation in a common exocytic mechanism, implying a lack of biological control. Using a fluorescent false neurotransmitter (FFN), we imaged dense core vesicle (DCV) exocytosis in primary mouse adrenal chromaffin cells by total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy at millisecond resolution and observed strikingly divergent modes of release, with fast events lasting <30 ms and slow events persisting for seconds. Dual imaging of slow events shows a delay in the entry of external dye relative to FFN release, suggesting exclusion by an extremely narrow pore <1 nm in diameter. Unbiased comprehensive analysis shows that the observed variation cannot be explained by stochasticity alone, but rather involves distinct mechanisms, revealing the bimodal nature of DCV exocytosis. Further, loss of calcium sensor synaptotagmin 7 increases the proportion of slow events without changing the intrinsic properties of either class, indicating the potential for independent regulation. The identification of two distinct mechanisms for release capable of independent regulation suggests a biological basis for the diversity of fusion pore behavior.
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45
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Costa HN, Esteves AR, Empadinhas N, Cardoso SM. Parkinson's Disease: A Multisystem Disorder. Neurosci Bull 2023; 39:113-124. [PMID: 35994167 PMCID: PMC9849652 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-022-00934-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The way sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD) is perceived has undergone drastic changes in recent decades. For a long time, PD was considered a brain disease characterized by motor disturbances; however, the identification of several risk factors and the hypothesis that PD has a gastrointestinal onset have shed additional light. Today, after recognition of prodromal non-motor symptoms and the pathological processes driving their evolution, there is a greater understanding of the involvement of other organ systems. For this reason, PD is increasingly seen as a multiorgan and multisystemic pathology that arises from the interaction of susceptible genetic factors with a challenging environment during aging-related decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Nunes Costa
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology and CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
- IIIUC-Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Raquel Esteves
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology and CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
- IIIUC-Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Nuno Empadinhas
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology and CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
- IIIUC-Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sandra Morais Cardoso
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology and CIBB-Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504, Coimbra, Portugal.
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Zhou LX, Zheng H, Tian Y, Luo KF, Ma SJ, Wu ZW, Tang P, Jiang J, Wang MH. SNCA inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transition and correlates to favorable prognosis of breast cancer. Carcinogenesis 2022; 43:1071-1082. [PMID: 36179220 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgac078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alpha-synuclein (SNCA) is a pathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease, known to be involved in cancer occurrence and development; however, its specific effects in breast cancer remain unknown. Data from 150 patients with breast cancer were retrieved from tissue microarray and analyzed for SNCA protein level using immunohistochemistry. Functional enrichment analysis was performed to investigate the potential role of SNCA in breast cancer. SNCA-mediated inhibition of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was confirmed with western blotting. The effects of SNCA on invasion and migration were evaluated using transwell and wound-healing experiments. Furthermore, the potential influence of SNCA expression level on drug sensitivity and tumor infiltration by immune cells was analyzed using the public databases. SNCA is lowly expressed in breast cancer tissues. Besides, in vitro and in vivo experiments, SNCA overexpression blocked EMT and metastasis, and the knockdown of SNCA resulted in the opposite effect. A mouse model of metastasis verified the restriction of metastatic ability in vivo. Further analysis revealed that SNCA enhances sensitivity to commonly used anti-breast tumor drugs and immune cell infiltration. SNCA blocks EMT and metastasis in breast cancer and its expression levels could be useful in predicting the chemosensitivity and evaluating the immune microenvironment in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Xi Zhou
- Breast Disease Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Hong Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Breast Disease Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.,Department of Emergency Surgery, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Ke-Fei Luo
- Breast Disease Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Shu-Juan Ma
- Breast Disease Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Zi-Wei Wu
- Breast Disease Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Peng Tang
- Breast Disease Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Breast Disease Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Ming-Hao Wang
- Breast Disease Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
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Genetic Study of Early Onset Parkinson's Disease in Cyprus. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315369. [PMID: 36499697 PMCID: PMC9739936 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms. The etiology of PD remains unclear. However, several studies have demonstrated the interplay of genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors in PD. Early-onset PD (EOPD) is a subgroup of PD diagnosed between the ages of 21 and 50. Population genetic studies have demonstrated great genetic variability amongst EOPD patients. Hence, this study aimed to obtain a genetic landscape of EOPD in the Cypriot population. Greek-Cypriot EOPD patients (n = 48) were screened for variants in the six most common EOPD-associated genes (PINK1, PRKN, FBXO7, SNCA, PLA2G6, and DJ-1). This included DNA sequencing and Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA). One previously described frameshift variant in PINK1 (NM_032409.3:c.889del) was detected in five patients (10.4%)-the largest number to be detected to date. Copy number variations in the PRKN gene were identified in one homozygous and 3 compound heterozygous patients (8.3%). To date, the pathogenic variants identified in this study have explained the PD phenotype for 18.8% of the EOPD cases. The results of this study may contribute to the genetic screening of EOPD in Cyprus.
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The Role of Membrane Affinity and Binding Modes in Alpha-Synuclein Regulation of Vesicle Release and Trafficking. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121816. [PMID: 36551244 PMCID: PMC9775087 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-synuclein is a presynaptic protein linked to Parkinson's disease with a poorly characterized physiological role in regulating the synaptic vesicle cycle. Using RBL-2H3 cells as a model system, we earlier reported that wild-type alpha-synuclein can act as both an inhibitor and a potentiator of stimulated exocytosis in a concentration-dependent manner. The inhibitory function is constitutive and depends on membrane binding by the helix-2 region of the lipid-binding domain, while potentiation becomes apparent only at high concentrations. Using structural and functional characterization of conformationally selective mutants via a combination of spectroscopic and cellular assays, we show here that binding affinity for isolated vesicles similar in size to synaptic vesicles is a primary determinant of alpha-synuclein-mediated potentiation of vesicle release. Inhibition of release is sensitive to changes in the region linking the helix-1 and helix-2 regions of the N-terminal lipid-binding domain and may require some degree of coupling between these regions. Potentiation of release likely occurs as a result of alpha-synuclein interactions with undocked vesicles isolated away from the active zone in internal pools. Consistent with this, we observe that alpha-synuclein can disperse vesicles from in vitro clusters organized by condensates of the presynaptic protein synapsin-1.
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Jin M, Matsumoto S, Ayaki T, Yamakado H, Taguchi T, Togawa N, Konno A, Hirai H, Nakajima H, Komai S, Ishida R, Chiba S, Takahashi R, Takao T, Hirotsune S. DOPAnization of tyrosine in α-synuclein by tyrosine hydroxylase leads to the formation of oligomers. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6880. [PMID: 36371400 PMCID: PMC9653393 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34555-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the preferential loss of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-expressing dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Although the abnormal accumulation and aggregation of α-synuclein have been implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease, the underlying mechanisms remain largely elusive. Here, we found that TH converts Tyr136 in α-synuclein into dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA; Y136DOPA) through mass spectrometric analysis. Y136DOPA modification was clearly detected by a specific antibody in the dopaminergic neurons of α-synuclein-overexpressing mice as well as human α-synucleinopathies. Furthermore, dopanized α-synuclein tended to form oligomers rather than large fibril aggregates and significantly enhanced neurotoxicity. Our findings suggest that the dopanization of α-synuclein by TH may contribute to oligomer and/or seed formation causing neurodegeneration with the potential to shed light on the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Jin
- Department of Genetic Disease Research, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585 Japan ,grid.443385.d0000 0004 1798 9548Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541199 China
| | - Sakiko Matsumoto
- Department of Genetic Disease Research, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585 Japan
| | - Takashi Ayaki
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507 Japan
| | - Hodaka Yamakado
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507 Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Taguchi
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507 Japan
| | - Natsuko Togawa
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507 Japan
| | - Ayumu Konno
- grid.256642.10000 0000 9269 4097Department of Neurophysiology & Neural Repair, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511 Japan
| | - Hirokazu Hirai
- grid.256642.10000 0000 9269 4097Department of Neurophysiology & Neural Repair, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakajima
- Division of Molecular Materials Science, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Science, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka 558-8585 Japan
| | - Shoji Komai
- grid.260493.a0000 0000 9227 2257Department of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science Technology, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192 Japan
| | - Ryuichi Ishida
- Department of Genetic Disease Research, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585 Japan
| | - Syuhei Chiba
- Department of Genetic Disease Research, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585 Japan
| | - Ryosuke Takahashi
- grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507 Japan
| | - Toshifumi Takao
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Laboratory of Protein Profiling and Functional Proteomics, Osaka University Institute for Protein Research, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Shinji Hirotsune
- Department of Genetic Disease Research, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545-8585 Japan
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50
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Jin M, Matsumoto S, Ayaki T, Yamakado H, Taguchi T, Togawa N, Konno A, Hirai H, Nakajima H, Komai S, Ishida R, Chiba S, Takahashi R, Takao T, Hirotsune S. DOPAnization of tyrosine in α-synuclein by tyrosine hydroxylase leads to the formation of oligomers. Nat Commun 2022. [PMID: 36371400 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34555-4.pmid:36371400;pmcid:pmc9653393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the preferential loss of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-expressing dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Although the abnormal accumulation and aggregation of α-synuclein have been implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease, the underlying mechanisms remain largely elusive. Here, we found that TH converts Tyr136 in α-synuclein into dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA; Y136DOPA) through mass spectrometric analysis. Y136DOPA modification was clearly detected by a specific antibody in the dopaminergic neurons of α-synuclein-overexpressing mice as well as human α-synucleinopathies. Furthermore, dopanized α-synuclein tended to form oligomers rather than large fibril aggregates and significantly enhanced neurotoxicity. Our findings suggest that the dopanization of α-synuclein by TH may contribute to oligomer and/or seed formation causing neurodegeneration with the potential to shed light on the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Jin
- Department of Genetic Disease Research, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Neuroscience, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, 541199, China
| | - Sakiko Matsumoto
- Department of Genetic Disease Research, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Takashi Ayaki
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hodaka Yamakado
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Taguchi
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Natsuko Togawa
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Ayumu Konno
- Department of Neurophysiology & Neural Repair, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Hirai
- Department of Neurophysiology & Neural Repair, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakajima
- Division of Molecular Materials Science, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Science, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Shoji Komai
- Department of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science Technology, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Ishida
- Department of Genetic Disease Research, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Syuhei Chiba
- Department of Genetic Disease Research, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Takao
- Laboratory of Protein Profiling and Functional Proteomics, Osaka University Institute for Protein Research, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shinji Hirotsune
- Department of Genetic Disease Research, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, Abeno-ku, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan.
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