1
|
Jan M, Jimenez S, Hor CN, Dijk DJ, Skeldon AC, Franken P. Model integration of circadian- and sleep-wake-driven contributions to rhythmic gene expression reveals distinct regulatory principles. Cell Syst 2024; 15:610-627.e8. [PMID: 38986625 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2024.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Analyses of gene-expression dynamics in research on circadian rhythms and sleep homeostasis often describe these two processes using separate models. Rhythmically expressed genes are, however, likely to be influenced by both processes. We implemented a driven, damped harmonic oscillator model to estimate the contribution of circadian- and sleep-wake-driven influences on gene expression. The model reliably captured a wide range of dynamics in cortex, liver, and blood transcriptomes taken from mice and humans under various experimental conditions. Sleep-wake-driven factors outweighed circadian factors in driving gene expression in the cortex, whereas the opposite was observed in the liver and blood. Because of tissue- and gene-specific responses, sleep deprivation led to a long-lasting intra- and inter-tissue desynchronization. The model showed that recovery sleep contributed to these long-lasting changes. The results demonstrate that the analyses of the daily rhythms in gene expression must take the complex interactions between circadian and sleep-wake influences into account. A record of this paper's transparent peer review process is included in the supplemental information.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Jan
- Center of Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Bioinformatics Competence Center, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Sonia Jimenez
- Center of Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Charlotte N Hor
- Center of Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Derk-Jan Dijk
- Surrey Sleep Research Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK; Care Research & Technology Centre, UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London and University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Anne C Skeldon
- Care Research & Technology Centre, UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London and University of Surrey, Guildford, UK; School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Paul Franken
- Center of Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen R, Nie P, Wang J, Wang GZ. Deciphering brain cellular and behavioral mechanisms: Insights from single-cell and spatial RNA sequencing. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. RNA 2024; 15:e1865. [PMID: 38972934 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
The brain is a complex computing system composed of a multitude of interacting neurons. The computational outputs of this system determine the behavior and perception of every individual. Each brain cell expresses thousands of genes that dictate the cell's function and physiological properties. Therefore, deciphering the molecular expression of each cell is of great significance for understanding its characteristics and role in brain function. Additionally, the positional information of each cell can provide crucial insights into their involvement in local brain circuits. In this review, we briefly overview the principles of single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics, the potential issues and challenges in their data processing, and their applications in brain research. We further outline several promising directions in neuroscience that could be integrated with single-cell RNA sequencing, including neurodevelopment, the identification of novel brain microstructures, cognition and behavior, neuronal cell positioning, molecules and cells related to advanced brain functions, sleep-wake cycles/circadian rhythms, and computational modeling of brain function. We believe that the deep integration of these directions with single-cell and spatial RNA sequencing can contribute significantly to understanding the roles of individual cells or cell types in these specific functions, thereby making important contributions to addressing critical questions in those fields. This article is categorized under: RNA Evolution and Genomics > Computational Analyses of RNA RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Development RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renrui Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengxing Nie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang-Zhong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Iwakoshi H, Asada YC, Nakata M, Makino M, Munakata J, Tomura N, Shimoo S, Nishimura T, Shiraishi H, Matoba S, Senoo K. Impact of Sleep Apnea on Nocturnal Parasympathetic Activity in Atrial Fibrillation Patients After Catheter Ablation - Implications for Heart Rate Variability Analysis. Circ J 2024; 88:1081-1088. [PMID: 38281763 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-23-0682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of sleep apnea (SA) on heart rate variability (HRV) in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients has not been investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS Of 94 patients who underwent AF ablation between January 2021 and September 2022, 76 patients who had a nocturnal Holter electrocardiography and polysomnography conducted simultaneously were included in the analysis. A 15-min duration of HRV, as determined by an electrocardiogram during apnea and non-apnea time, were compared between patients with and without AF recurrence at 12 months' postoperatively. Patients had a mean age of 63.4±11.6 years, 14 were female, and 20 had AF recurrence at 12 months' follow-up. The root mean square of the difference between consecutive normal-to-normal intervals (RMSSD, ms) an indicator of a parasympathetic nervous system, was more highly increased in patients with AF recurrence than those without, during both apnea and non-apnea time (apnea time: 16.7±4.5 vs. 13.5±3.3, P=0.03; non-apnea time: 20.9±9.5 vs. 15.5±5.9, P<0.01). However, RMSSD during an apneic state was decreased more than that in a non-apneic state in both groups of patients with and without AF recurrence (AF recurrence group: 16.7±4.5 vs. 20.9±9.5, P<0.01; non-AF recurrence group; 13.5±3.3 vs. 15.5±5.9, P=0.03). Consequently, the effect of AF recurrence on parasympathetic activity was offset by SA. Similar trends were observed for other parasympathetic activity indices; high frequency (HF), logarithm of HF (lnHF) and the percentage of normal-to-normal intervals >50 ms (pNN50). CONCLUSIONS Without considering the influence of SA, the results of nocturnal HRV analysis might be misinterpreted. Caution should be taken when using nocturnal HRV as a predictor of AF recurrence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hibiki Iwakoshi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
| | - Yusuke C Asada
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
| | - Mitsuko Nakata
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
| | - Masahiro Makino
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
| | - Jun Munakata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
| | - Nobunari Tomura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
| | - Satoshi Shimoo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
| | - Tetsuro Nishimura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
| | - Hirokazu Shiraishi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
| | - Satoaki Matoba
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
- Department of Cardiac Arrhythmia Research and Innovation, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
| | - Keitaro Senoo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
- Department of Cardiac Arrhythmia Research and Innovation, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tóth A, Keserű D, Pethő M, Détári L, Bencsik N, Dobolyi Á, Hajnik T. Sleep and local field potential effect of the D2 receptor agonist bromocriptine during the estrus cycle and postpartum period in female rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2024; 239:173754. [PMID: 38537873 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2024.173754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pituitary lactotrophs are under tonic dopaminergic inhibitory control and bromocriptine treatment blocks prolactin secretion. METHODS Sleep and local field potential were addressed for 72 h after bromocriptine treatments applied during the different stages of the estrus cycle and for 24 h in the early- and middle postpartum period characterized by spontaneously different dynamics of prolactin release in female rats. RESULTS Sleep changes showed strong dependency on the estrus cycle phase of the drug application. Strongest increase of wakefulness and reduction of slow wave sleep- and rapid eye movements sleep appeared during diestrus-proestrus and middle postpartum treatments. Stronger sleep-wake effects appeared in the dark phase in case of the estrus cycle treatments, but in the light phase in postpartum treatments. Slow wave sleep and REM sleep loss in case of estrus cycle treatments was not compensated at all and sleep loss seen in the first day post-injection was gained further later. In opposition, slow wave sleep loss in the light phase after bromocriptine injections showed compensation in the postpartum period treatments. Bromocriptine treatments resulted in a depression of local field potential delta power during slow wave sleep while an enhancement in beta and gamma power during wakefulness regardless of the treatment timing. CONCLUSIONS These results can be explained by the interplay of dopamine D2 receptor agonism, lack of prolactin release and the spontaneous homeostatic sleep drive being altered in the different stages of the estrus cycle and the postpartum period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Attila Tóth
- In vivo Electrophysiology Research Group, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Eötvös Loránd University, Hungary.
| | - Dóra Keserű
- In vivo Electrophysiology Research Group, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Eötvös Loránd University, Hungary
| | - Máté Pethő
- In vivo Electrophysiology Research Group, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Eötvös Loránd University, Hungary
| | - László Détári
- In vivo Electrophysiology Research Group, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Eötvös Loránd University, Hungary
| | - Norbert Bencsik
- Cellular Neurobiology Research Group, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Eötvös Loránd University, Hungary
| | - Árpád Dobolyi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Systems Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Eötvös Loránd University, Hungary
| | - Tünde Hajnik
- In vivo Electrophysiology Research Group, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Eötvös Loránd University, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Odriozola A, González A, Álvarez-Herms J, Corbi F. Sleep regulation and host genetics. ADVANCES IN GENETICS 2024; 111:497-535. [PMID: 38908905 DOI: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2024.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Due to the multifactorial and complex nature of rest, we focus on phenotypes related to sleep. Sleep regulation is a multifactorial process. In this chapter, we focus on those phenotypes inherent to sleep that are highly prevalent in the population, and that can be modulated by lifestyle, such as sleep quality and duration, insomnia, restless leg syndrome and daytime sleepiness. We, therefore, leave in the background those phenotypes that constitute infrequent pathologies or for which the current level of scientific evidence does not favour the implementation of practical approaches of this type. Similarly, the regulation of sleep quality is intimately linked to the regulation of the circadian rhythm. Although this relationship is discussed in the sections that require it, the in-depth study of circadian rhythm regulation at the molecular level deserves a separate chapter, and this is how it is dealt with in this volume.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Odriozola
- Hologenomiks Research Group, Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.
| | - Adriana González
- Hologenomiks Research Group, Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain
| | - Jesús Álvarez-Herms
- Phymo® Lab, Physiology, and Molecular Laboratory, Collado Hermoso, Segovia, Spain
| | - Francesc Corbi
- Institut Nacional d'Educació Física de Catalunya (INEFC), Centre de Lleida, Universitat de Lleida (UdL), Lleida, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tsuno Y, Mieda M. Circadian rhythm mechanism in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and its relation to the olfactory system. Front Neural Circuits 2024; 18:1385908. [PMID: 38590628 PMCID: PMC11000122 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2024.1385908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Animals need sleep, and the suprachiasmatic nucleus, the center of the circadian rhythm, plays an important role in determining the timing of sleep. The main input to the suprachiasmatic nucleus is the retinohypothalamic tract, with additional inputs from the intergeniculate leaflet pathway, the serotonergic afferent from the raphe, and other hypothalamic regions. Within the suprachiasmatic nucleus, two of the major subtypes are vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)-positive neurons and arginine-vasopressin (AVP)-positive neurons. VIP neurons are important for light entrainment and synchronization of suprachiasmatic nucleus neurons, whereas AVP neurons are important for circadian period determination. Output targets of the suprachiasmatic nucleus include the hypothalamus (subparaventricular zone, paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, preoptic area, and medial hypothalamus), the thalamus (paraventricular thalamic nuclei), and lateral septum. The suprachiasmatic nucleus also sends information through several brain regions to the pineal gland. The olfactory bulb is thought to be able to generate a circadian rhythm without the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Some reports indicate that circadian rhythms of the olfactory bulb and olfactory cortex exist in the absence of the suprachiasmatic nucleus, but another report claims the influence of the suprachiasmatic nucleus. The regulation of circadian rhythms by sensory inputs other than light stimuli, including olfaction, has not been well studied and further progress is expected.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Tsuno
- Department of Integrative Neurophysiology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cajochen C, Reichert CF, Münch M, Gabel V, Stefani O, Chellappa SL, Schmidt C. Ultradian sleep cycles: Frequency, duration, and associations with individual and environmental factors-A retrospective study. Sleep Health 2024; 10:S52-S62. [PMID: 37914631 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sleep varies between individuals in response to sleep-wake history and various environmental factors, including light and noise. Here we report on the intranight variation of the ultradian nonrapid eye movement-rapid eye movement (NREM-REM) sleep cycle in 369 participants who have contributed to different laboratory studies from 1994 to 2020 at the Centre for Chronobiology, Basel, Switzerland. RESULTS We observed a large interindividual variability in sleep cycle duration, including NREM and REM sleep episodes in healthy participants who were given an 8-hour sleep opportunity at habitual bedtime in controlled laboratory settings. The median sleep cycle duration was 96 minutes out of 6064 polysomnographically-recorded cycles. The number and duration of cycles were not normally distributed, and the distribution became narrower for NREM sleep and wider for REM sleep later in the night. The first cycle was consistently shorter than subsequent cycles, and moderate presleep light or nocturnal noise exposure had no significant effects on ultradian sleep cycle duration. Age and sex significantly affected NREM and REM sleep duration, with older individuals having longer NREM and shorter REM sleep particularly in the end of the night, and females having longer NREM sleep episodes. High sleep pressure (ie, sleep deprivation) and low sleep pressure (ie, multiple naps) altered ultradian sleep cycles, with high sleep pressure leading to longer NREM sleep in the first cycle, and low sleep pressure leading to longer REM sleep episodes. Positive correlations were observed between N2 and NREM duration, and between N1 and REM duration. Weak intrasleep REM sleep homeostasis was also evident in our data set. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that ultradian sleep cycles are endogenous biological rhythms modulated by age, sex, and sleep homeostasis, but not directly responsive to (moderate levels of) environmental cues in healthy good sleepers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Cajochen
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Research Cluster Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences (MCN), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Carolin Franziska Reichert
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Research Cluster Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences (MCN), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mirjam Münch
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Research Cluster Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences (MCN), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Oliver Stefani
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Research Cluster Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences (MCN), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Laxhmi Chellappa
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Christina Schmidt
- Sleep & Chronobiology Group, GIGA-CRC-In Vivo Imaging Research Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Psychology and Neuroscience of Cognition Research Unit (PsyNCog), Faculty of Psychology, Speech and Language, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Franken P, Dijk DJ. Sleep and circadian rhythmicity as entangled processes serving homeostasis. Nat Rev Neurosci 2024; 25:43-59. [PMID: 38040815 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-023-00764-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Sleep is considered essential for the brain and body. A predominant concept is that sleep is regulated by circadian rhythmicity and sleep homeostasis, processes that were posited to be functionally and mechanistically separate. Here we review and re-evaluate this concept and its assumptions using findings from recent human and rodent studies. Alterations in genes that are central to circadian rhythmicity affect not only sleep timing but also putative markers of sleep homeostasis such as electroencephalogram slow-wave activity (SWA). Perturbations of sleep change the rhythmicity in the expression of core clock genes in tissues outside the central clock. The dynamics of recovery from sleep loss vary across sleep variables: SWA and immediate early genes show an early response, but the recovery of non-rapid eye movement and rapid eye movement sleep follows slower time courses. Changes in the expression of many genes in response to sleep perturbations outlast the effects on SWA and time spent asleep. These findings are difficult to reconcile with the notion that circadian- and sleep-wake-driven processes are mutually independent and that the dynamics of sleep homeostasis are reflected in a single variable. Further understanding of how both sleep and circadian rhythmicity contribute to the homeostasis of essential physiological variables may benefit from the assessment of multiple sleep and molecular variables over longer time scales.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Franken
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Derk-Jan Dijk
- Surrey Sleep Research Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Care Research and Technology Centre, Imperial College London and the University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tabuchi M. Dynamic neuronal instability generates synaptic plasticity and behavior: Insights from Drosophila sleep. Neurosci Res 2024; 198:1-7. [PMID: 37385545 PMCID: PMC11033711 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2023.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
How do neurons encode the information that underlies cognition, internal states, and behavior? This review focuses on the neural circuit mechanisms underlying sleep in Drosophila and, to illustrate the power of addressing neural coding in this system, highlights a specific circuit mediating the circadian regulation of sleep quality. This circuit exhibits circadian cycling of sleep quality, which depends solely on the pattern (not the rate) of spiking. During the night, the stability of spike waveforms enhances the reliability of spike timing in these neurons to promote sleep quality. During the day, instability of the spike waveforms leads to uncertainty of spike timing, which remarkably produces synaptic plasticity to induce arousal. Investigation of the molecular and biophysical basis of these changes was greatly facilitated by its study in Drosophila, revealing direct connections between genes, molecules, spike biophysical properties, neural codes, synaptic plasticity, and behavior. Furthermore, because these patterns of neural activity change with aging, this model system holds promise for understanding the interplay between the circadian clock, aging, and sleep quality. It is proposed here that neurophysiological investigations of the Drosophila brain present an exceptional opportunity to tackle some of the most challenging questions related to neural coding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Tabuchi
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang Y, Deboer T. Hypnotic effects of melatonin depend on the environmental lighting conditions in the rat. J Pineal Res 2024; 76:e12928. [PMID: 38031385 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Acute effects of exogenous melatonin have been widely reported to promote sleep or induce drowsiness in human. However, testing of the hypnotic effects of melatonin in nocturnal rodents has yielded contradictory results. The latter may be associated with differences in concentration, lighting conditions, time of administration of melatonin, and possibly the type of analysis. In this study, electroencephalogram (EEG) and electromyogram were recorded in pigmented male Brown Norway rats under both light-dark (LD) and constant dark (DD) conditions. Melatonin was administered intraperitoneally at a moderate dose of 3 mg/kg, at either 1 h after lights on under LD condition or 1 h after the activity offset under DD condition. The dosage is known to be able to entrain nocturnal rodents in DD conditions, but does not change sleep in rodents in LD. Only the rats under DD conditions showed a significant reduction in nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep latency, while the NREM sleep power spectrum remained unaffected. Under LD condition, melatonin did not alter NREM and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep latency, and had only minor effects on the NREM sleep EEG. Regardless of lighting conditions, melatonin administration resulted in less, but longer episodes for all vigilance states suggesting increased vigilance state consolidation. In the discussion, we compare our results with a summary of previously published data concerning the hypnotic effects of melatonin in polysomnographic/EEG-confirmed sleep in humans and nocturnal rodents. In conclusion, the hypnotic effect of exogenous melatonin in nocturnal rodents not only depends on the time of day, and concentration, but is also influenced by the lighting conditions. Regardless of inducing sleep or not, melatonin may consolidate sleep and through that enhance sleep quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Wang
- Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tom Deboer
- Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Russell KL, Rodman HR, Pak VM. Sleep insufficiency, circadian rhythms, and metabolomics: the connection between metabolic and sleep disorders. Sleep Breath 2023; 27:2139-2153. [PMID: 37147557 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-023-02828-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE US adults who report experiencing insufficient sleep are more likely to suffer from metabolic disorders such as hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and obesity than those with sufficient sleep. Less is understood about the underlying molecular mechanisms connecting these phenomena. A systematic, qualitative review of metabolomics studies exploring metabolic changes in response to sleep insufficiency, sleep deprivation, or circadian disruption was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. METHODS An electronic literature review in the PubMed database was performed considering publications through May 2021 and screening and eligibility criteria were applied to articles retrieved. The following keywords were used: "metabolomics" and "sleep disorders" or "sleep deprivation" or "sleep disturbance" or "circadian rhythm." After screening and addition of studies included from reference lists of retrieved studies, 16 records were identified for review. RESULTS Consistent changes in metabolites were observed across studies between individuals experiencing sleep deprivation compared to non-sleep deprived controls. Significant increases in phosphatidylcholines, acylcarnitines, sphingolipids, and other lipids were consistent across studies. Increased levels of amino acids such as tryptophan and phenylalanine were also noted. However, studies were limited to small samples of young, healthy, mostly male participants conducted in short inpatient sessions, limiting generalizability. CONCLUSION Changes in lipid and amino acid metabolites accompanying sleep deprivation and/or circadian rhythms may indicate cellular membrane and protein breakdown underlying the connection between sleep disturbance, hyperlipidemia, and other metabolic disorders. Larger epidemiological studies examining changes in the human metabolome in response to chronic insufficient sleep would help elucidate this relationship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Victoria M Pak
- Emory Nell Hodgson School of Nursing, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Emory Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hector A, Provost C, Delignat-Lavaud B, Bouamira K, Menaouar CA, Mongrain V, Brouillette J. Hippocampal injections of soluble amyloid-beta oligomers alter electroencephalographic activity during wake and slow-wave sleep in rats. Alzheimers Res Ther 2023; 15:174. [PMID: 37833786 PMCID: PMC10571363 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-023-01316-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soluble amyloid-beta oligomers (Aβo) begin to accumulate in the human brain one to two decades before a clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The literature supports that soluble Aβo are implicated in synapse and neuronal losses in the brain regions such as the hippocampus. This region importantly contributes to explicit memory, the first type of memory affected in AD. During AD preclinical and prodromal stages, people are also experiencing wake/sleep alterations such as insomnia (e.g., difficulty initiating sleep, decreased sleep duration), excessive daytime sleepiness, and sleep schedule modifications. In addition, changes in electroencephalographic (EEG) activity during wake and sleep have been reported in AD patients and animal models. However, the specific contribution of Aβo to wake/sleep alterations is poorly understood and was investigated in the present study. METHODS Chronic hippocampal injections of soluble Aβo were conducted in male rats and combined with EEG recording to determine the progressive impact of Aβ pathology specifically on wake/sleep architecture and EEG activity. Bilateral injections were conducted for 6 consecutive days, and EEG acquisition was done before, during, and after Aβo injections. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess neuron numbers in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG). RESULTS Aβo injections did not affect the time spent in wakefulness, slow wave sleep (SWS), and paradoxical sleep but altered EEG activity during wake and SWS. More precisely, Aβo increased slow-wave activity (SWA; 0.5-5 Hz) and low-beta activity (16-20 Hz) during wake and decreased theta (5-9 Hz) and alpha (9-12 Hz) activities during SWS. Moreover, the theta activity/SWA ratio during wake and SWS was decreased by Aβo. These effects were significant only after 6 days of Aβo injections and were found with alterations in neuron counts in the DG. CONCLUSIONS We found multiple modifications of the wake and SWS EEG following Aβo delivery to the hippocampus. These findings expose a specific EEG signature of Aβ pathology and can serve the development of non-invasive and cost-effective markers for the early diagnosis of AD or other amyloid-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Hector
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, CIUSSS-NIM, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Chloé Provost
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, CIUSSS-NIM, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Benoît Delignat-Lavaud
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, CIUSSS-NIM, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Khadija Bouamira
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, CIUSSS-NIM, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Valérie Mongrain
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, CIUSSS-NIM, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
- Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
- Department of Neuroscience, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
| | - Jonathan Brouillette
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, CIUSSS-NIM, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang Y, Melgers M, Meijer JH, Deboer T. Comparison of sleep deprivation and a low dose of ketamine on sleep and the electroencephalogram in Brown Norway rats. J Sleep Res 2023; 32:e13863. [PMID: 36806257 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Ketamine is known for its antidepressant effects, but the mechanism underlying this effect remains largely unclear. In contrast to most antidepressant drugs, the action of ketamine is rapid, suggesting a different mode of action. A rapid antidepressant effect is also observed following sleep deprivation (SD). In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of a 6-h SD and acute ketamine treatment on vigilance states, locomotor activity, and electroencephalogram (EEG) power density spectra in Brown Norway rats under constant condition over 2 recording days. After SD and after the initial waking period induced by ketamine, both treatments induced a similar increase in non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and EEG slow-wave activity (SWA) in NREM sleep. Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep was reduced immediately after both treatments but was recovered later only after the SD. The effects on the waking EEG differed between the treatments, with a faster theta peak during and after SD, and no change in the waking spectrum after ketamine. In conclusion, SD and ketamine both lead to an acute increment in NREM sleep SWA as well as in a reduction in REM sleep. The results suggest that selective suppression of REM sleep, combined with enhancement of SWA during NREM may be effective in the treatment of depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Wang
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marije Melgers
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna H Meijer
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tom Deboer
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lok R, Duran M, Zeitzer JM. Moving time zones in a flash with light therapy during sleep. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14458. [PMID: 37660233 PMCID: PMC10475014 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41742-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In humans, exposure to continuous light is typically used to change the timing of the circadian clock. This study examines the efficiency of a sequence of light flashes ("flash therapy") applied during sleep to shift the clock. Healthy participants (n = 10) took part in two 36-h laboratory stays, receiving a placebo (goggles, no light) during one visit and the intervention (goggles, 2-ms flashes broad-spectrum light for 60 min, delivered every 15 s, starting 30 min after habitual sleep onset) during the other. Circadian phase shift was assessed with changes in salivary dim light melatonin onset (DLMO). Sleep, measured with polysomnography, was analyzed to assess changes in sleep architecture and spectral power. After 1 h of flashes, DLMO showed a substantial delay (1.13 ± 1.27 h) compared to placebo (12 ± 20 min). Two individuals exhibited very large shifts of 6.4 and 3.1 h. There were no substantive differences in sleep architecture, but some evidence for greater instability in sleep. 1 h of flash therapy during sleep evokes large changes in circadian timing, up to 6 h, and does so with only minimal, if any, impact on sleep. Flash therapy may offer a practical option to delay the circadian clock in shift workers and jet travelers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renske Lok
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Marisol Duran
- Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Jamie M Zeitzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Davidson AJ, Beckner D, Bonnefont X. A Journey in the Brain's Clock: In Vivo Veritas? BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1136. [PMID: 37627020 PMCID: PMC10452196 DOI: 10.3390/biology12081136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the hypothalamus contain the circadian pacemaker that coordinates mammalian rhythms in tune with the day-night cycle. Understanding the determinants of the intrinsic rhythmicity of this biological clock, its outputs, and resetting by environmental cues, has been a longstanding goal of the field. Integrated techniques of neurophysiology, including lesion studies and in vivo multi-unit electrophysiology, have been key to characterizing the rhythmic nature and outputs of the SCN in animal models. In parallel, reduced ex vivo and in vitro approaches have permitted us to unravel molecular, cellular, and multicellular mechanisms underlying the pacemaker properties of the SCN. New questions have emerged in recent years that will require combining investigation at a cell resolution within the physiological context of the living animal: What is the role of specific cell subpopulations in the SCN neural network? How do they integrate various external and internal inputs? What are the circuits involved in controlling other body rhythms? Here, we review what we have already learned about the SCN from in vivo studies, and how the recent development of new genetically encoded tools and cutting-edge imaging technology in neuroscience offers chronobiologists the opportunity to meet these challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alec J. Davidson
- Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA;
| | - Delaney Beckner
- Neuroscience Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA;
| | - Xavier Bonnefont
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, 34094 Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Gerstner JR, Flores CC, Lefton M, Rogers B, Davis CJ. FABP7: a glial integrator of sleep, circadian rhythms, plasticity, and metabolic function. Front Syst Neurosci 2023; 17:1212213. [PMID: 37404868 PMCID: PMC10315501 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2023.1212213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep and circadian rhythms are observed broadly throughout animal phyla and influence neural plasticity and cognitive function. However, the few phylogenetically conserved cellular and molecular pathways that are implicated in these processes are largely focused on neuronal cells. Research on these topics has traditionally segregated sleep homeostatic behavior from circadian rest-activity rhythms. Here we posit an alternative perspective, whereby mechanisms underlying the integration of sleep and circadian rhythms that affect behavioral state, plasticity, and cognition reside within glial cells. The brain-type fatty acid binding protein, FABP7, is part of a larger family of lipid chaperone proteins that regulate the subcellular trafficking of fatty acids for a wide range of cellular functions, including gene expression, growth, survival, inflammation, and metabolism. FABP7 is enriched in glial cells of the central nervous system and has been shown to be a clock-controlled gene implicated in sleep/wake regulation and cognitive processing. FABP7 is known to affect gene transcription, cellular outgrowth, and its subcellular localization in the fine perisynaptic astrocytic processes (PAPs) varies based on time-of-day. Future studies determining the effects of FABP7 on behavioral state- and circadian-dependent plasticity and cognitive processes, in addition to functional consequences on cellular and molecular mechanisms related to neural-glial interactions, lipid storage, and blood brain barrier integrity will be important for our knowledge of basic sleep function. Given the comorbidity of sleep disturbance with neurological disorders, these studies will also be important for our understanding of the etiology and pathophysiology of how these diseases affect or are affected by sleep.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason R. Gerstner
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States
- Steve Gleason Institute for Neuroscience, Spokane, WA, United States
- Sleep and Performance Research Center, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States
| | - Carlos C. Flores
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States
| | - Micah Lefton
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States
| | - Brooke Rogers
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States
| | - Christopher J. Davis
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States
- Steve Gleason Institute for Neuroscience, Spokane, WA, United States
- Sleep and Performance Research Center, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Schurhoff N, Toborek M. Circadian rhythms in the blood-brain barrier: impact on neurological disorders and stress responses. Mol Brain 2023; 16:5. [PMID: 36635730 PMCID: PMC9835375 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-023-00997-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian disruption has become more prevalent in society due to the increase in shift work, sleep disruption, blue light exposure, and travel via different time zones. The circadian rhythm is a timed transcription-translation feedback loop with positive regulators, BMAL1 and CLOCK, that interact with negative regulators, CRY and PER, to regulate both the central and peripheral clocks. This review highlights the functions of the circadian rhythm, specifically in the blood-brain barrier (BBB), during both healthy and pathological states. The BBB is a highly selective dynamic interface composed of CNS endothelial cells, astrocytes, pericytes, neurons, and microglia that form the neurovascular unit (NVU). Circadian rhythms modulate BBB integrity through regulating oscillations of tight junction proteins, assisting in functions of the NVU, and modulating transporter functions. Circadian disruptions within the BBB have been observed in stress responses and several neurological disorders, including brain metastasis, epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. Further understanding of these interactions may facilitate the development of improved treatment options and preventative measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolette Schurhoff
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Suite 528, 1011 NW 15th Street, Miami, FL, 33155, USA
| | - Michal Toborek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Suite 528, 1011 NW 15th Street, Miami, FL, 33155, USA.
- Institute of Physiotherapy and Health Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, 40-065, Katowice, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Gaitonde KD, Andrabi M, Burger CA, D'Souza SP, Vemaraju S, Koritala BSC, Smith DF, Lang RA. Diurnal regulation of metabolism by Gs-alpha in hypothalamic QPLOT neurons. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284824. [PMID: 37141220 PMCID: PMC10159165 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurons in the hypothalamic preoptic area (POA) regulate multiple homeostatic processes, including thermoregulation and sleep, by sensing afferent input and modulating sympathetic nervous system output. The POA has an autonomous circadian clock and may also receive circadian signals indirectly from the suprachiasmatic nucleus. We have previously defined a subset of neurons in the POA termed QPLOT neurons that are identified by the expression of molecular markers (Qrfp, Ptger3, LepR, Opn5, Tacr3) that suggest receptivity to multiple stimuli. Because Ptger3, Opn5, and Tacr3 encode G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), we hypothesized that elucidating the G-protein signaling in these neurons is essential to understanding the interplay of inputs in the regulation of metabolism. Here, we describe how the stimulatory Gs-alpha subunit (Gnas) in QPLOT neurons regulates metabolism in mice. We analyzed Opn5cre; Gnasfl/fl mice using indirect calorimetry at ambient temperatures of 22°C (a historical standard), 10°C (a cold challenge), and 28°C (thermoneutrality) to assess the ability of QPLOT neurons to regulate metabolism. We observed a marked decrease in nocturnal locomotion of Opn5cre; Gnasfl/fl mice at both 28°C and 22°C, but no overall differences in energy expenditure, respiratory exchange, or food and water consumption. To analyze daily rhythmic patterns of metabolism, we assessed circadian parameters including amplitude, phase, and MESOR. Loss-of-function GNAS in QPLOT neurons resulted in several subtle rhythmic changes in multiple metabolic parameters. We observed that Opn5cre; Gnasfl/fl mice show a higher rhythm-adjusted mean energy expenditure at 22°C and 10°C, and an exaggerated respiratory exchange shift with temperature. At 28°C, Opn5cre; Gnasfl/fl mice have a significant delay in the phase of energy expenditure and respiratory exchange. Rhythmic analysis also showed limited increases in rhythm-adjusted means of food and water intake at 22°C and 28°C. Together, these data advance our understanding of Gαs-signaling in preoptic QPLOT neurons in regulating daily patterns of metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D Gaitonde
- Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Abrahamson Pediatric Eye Institute, Visual Systems Group, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- Science of Light Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- Molecular & Developmental Biology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Mutahar Andrabi
- Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Abrahamson Pediatric Eye Institute, Visual Systems Group, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- Science of Light Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Courtney A Burger
- Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Abrahamson Pediatric Eye Institute, Visual Systems Group, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- Science of Light Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Shane P D'Souza
- Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Abrahamson Pediatric Eye Institute, Visual Systems Group, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- Science of Light Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- Molecular & Developmental Biology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Shruti Vemaraju
- Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Abrahamson Pediatric Eye Institute, Visual Systems Group, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- Science of Light Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Bala S C Koritala
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - David F Smith
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- The Center for Circadian Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Richard A Lang
- Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Abrahamson Pediatric Eye Institute, Visual Systems Group, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- Science of Light Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lane JM, Qian J, Mignot E, Redline S, Scheer FAJL, Saxena R. Genetics of circadian rhythms and sleep in human health and disease. Nat Rev Genet 2023; 24:4-20. [PMID: 36028773 PMCID: PMC10947799 DOI: 10.1038/s41576-022-00519-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms and sleep are fundamental biological processes integral to human health. Their disruption is associated with detrimental physiological consequences, including cognitive, metabolic, cardiovascular and immunological dysfunctions. Yet many of the molecular underpinnings of sleep regulation in health and disease have remained elusive. Given the moderate heritability of circadian and sleep traits, genetics offers an opportunity that complements insights from model organism studies to advance our fundamental molecular understanding of human circadian and sleep physiology and linked chronic disease biology. Here, we review recent discoveries of the genetics of circadian and sleep physiology and disorders with a focus on those that reveal causal contributions to complex diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline M Lane
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital; and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jingyi Qian
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital; and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emmanuel Mignot
- Center for Narcolepsy, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Susan Redline
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital; and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Frank A J L Scheer
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital; and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Richa Saxena
- Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Anaesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital; and Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Banerjee S, Ray S. Circadian medicine for aging attenuation and sleep disorders: Prospects and challenges. Prog Neurobiol 2023; 220:102387. [PMID: 36526042 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2022.102387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Aging causes progressive deterioration of daily rhythms in behavioral and metabolic processes and disruption in the regular sleep-wake cycle. Circadian disruption is directly related to diverse age-induced health abnormalities. Rising evidence from various organisms shows that core clock gene mutations cause premature aging, reduced lifespan, and sleeping irregularities. Improving the clock functions and correcting its disruption by pharmacological interventions or time-regulated feeding patterns could be a novel avenue for effective clinical management of aging and sleep disorders. To this end, many drugs for sleep disorders and anti-aging compounds interact with the core clock machinery and alter the circadian output. Evaluation of dosing time-dependency and circadian regulation of drug metabolism for therapeutic improvement of the existing drugs is another fundamental facet of chronomedicine. Multiple studies have demonstrated dose-dependent manipulation of the circadian period and phase-shifting by pharmacologically active compounds. The chronobiology research field is gradually moving towards the development of novel therapeutic strategies based on targeting the molecular clock or dosing time-oriented medications. However, such translational research ventures would require more experimental evidence from studies on humans. This review discusses the impact of circadian rhythms on aging and sleep, emphasizing the potentiality of circadian medicine in aging attenuation and sleep disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Srishti Banerjee
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502284, Telangana, India
| | - Sandipan Ray
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502284, Telangana, India; Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wang Z, Lincoln S, Nguyen AD, Li W, Young MW. Chronic sleep loss disrupts rhythmic gene expression in Drosophila. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1048751. [PMID: 36467698 PMCID: PMC9716074 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1048751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide profiling of rhythmic gene expression has offered new avenues for studying the contribution of circadian clock to diverse biological processes. Sleep has been considered one of the most important physiological processes that are regulated by the circadian clock, however, the effects of chronic sleep loss on rhythmic gene expression remain poorly understood. In the present study, we exploited Drosophila sleep mutants insomniac 1 (inc 1 ) and wide awake D2 (wake D2 ) as models for chronic sleep loss. We profiled the transcriptomes of head tissues collected from 4-week-old wild type flies, inc 1 and wake D2 at timepoints around the clock. Analysis of gene oscillation revealed a substantial loss of rhythmicity in inc 1 and wake D2 compared to wild type flies, with most of the affected genes common to both mutants. The disruption of gene oscillation was not due to changes in average gene expression levels. We also identified a subset of genes whose loss of rhythmicity was shared among animals with chronic sleep loss and old flies, suggesting a contribution of aging to chronic, sleep-loss-induced disruption of gene oscillation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zikun Wang
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Samantha Lincoln
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Andrew D. Nguyen
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Wanhe Li
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Biology, Center for Biological Clocks Research, Texas A&M University, College Station, United States
| | - Michael W. Young
- Laboratory of Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Su K, Din ZU, Cui B, Peng F, Zhou Y, Wang C, Zhang X, Lu J, Luo H, He B, Kelley KW, Liu Q. A broken circadian clock: The emerging neuro-immune link connecting depression to cancer. Brain Behav Immun Health 2022; 26:100533. [PMID: 36281466 PMCID: PMC9587523 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2022.100533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian clocks orchestrate daily rhythms in many organisms and are essential for optimal health. Circadian rhythm disrupting events, such as jet-lag, shift-work, night-light exposure and clock gene alterations, give rise to pathologic conditions that include cancer and clinical depression. This review systemically describes the fundamental mechanisms of circadian clocks and the interacting relationships among a broken circadian clock, cancer and depression. We propose that this broken clock is an emerging link that connects depression and cancer development. Importantly, broken circadian clocks, cancer and depression form a vicious feedback loop that threatens systemic fitness. Arresting this harmful loop by restoring normal circadian rhythms is a potential therapeutic strategy for treating both cancer and depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keyu Su
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, 9 West Section, Lvshun South Road, Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116044, China
| | - Zaheer Ud Din
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, 9 West Section, Lvshun South Road, Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116044, China
| | - Bai Cui
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, 9 West Section, Lvshun South Road, Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116044, China,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510060, China,Corresponding author. Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, 9 West Section, Lvshun South Road, Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116044, China.
| | - Fei Peng
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, 9 West Section, Lvshun South Road, Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116044, China
| | - Yuzhao Zhou
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, 9 West Section, Lvshun South Road, Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116044, China
| | - Cenxin Wang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, 9 West Section, Lvshun South Road, Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116044, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, 9 West Section, Lvshun South Road, Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116044, China
| | - Jinxin Lu
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, 9 West Section, Lvshun South Road, Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116044, China
| | - Huandong Luo
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, 9 West Section, Lvshun South Road, Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116044, China
| | - Bin He
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, 9 West Section, Lvshun South Road, Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116044, China
| | - Keith W. Kelley
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of ACES, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 212 Edward R. Madigan Laboratory, 1201 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, Il, 61801, USA
| | - Quentin Liu
- Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, 9 West Section, Lvshun South Road, Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116044, China,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 651 Dongfeng East Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, 510060, China,Corresponding author. Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, Dalian Medical University, 9 West Section, Lvshun South Road, Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116044, China.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Pandi-Perumal SR, Cardinali DP, Zaki NFW, Karthikeyan R, Spence DW, Reiter RJ, Brown GM. Timing is everything: Circadian rhythms and their role in the control of sleep. Front Neuroendocrinol 2022; 66:100978. [PMID: 35033557 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2022.100978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Sleep and the circadian clock are intertwined and have persisted throughout history. The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) orchestrates sleep by controlling circadian (Process C) and homeostatic (Process S) activities. As a "hand" on the endogenous circadian clock, melatonin is critical for sleep regulation. Light serves as a cue for sleep/wake control by activating retino-recipient cells in the SCN and subsequently suppressing melatonin. Clock genes are the molecular timekeepers that keep the 24 h cycle in place. Two main sleep and behavioural disorder diagnostic manuals have now officially recognised the importance of these processes for human health and well-being. The body's ability to respond to daily demands with the least amount of effort is maximised by carefully timing and integrating all components of sleep and waking. In the brain, the organization of timing is essential for optimal brain physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seithikurippu R Pandi-Perumal
- Somnogen Canada Inc, College Street, Toronto, ON, Canada; Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.
| | - Daniel P Cardinali
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina, 1107 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nevin F W Zaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | | | | | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Gregory M Brown
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Molecular Brain Sciences, University of Toronto, 250 College St. Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Roenneberg T, Foster RG, Klerman EB. The circadian system, sleep, and the health/disease balance: a conceptual review. J Sleep Res 2022; 31:e13621. [PMID: 35670313 PMCID: PMC9352354 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The field of "circadian medicine" is a recent addition to chronobiology and sleep research efforts. It represents a logical step arising from the increasing insights into the circadian system and its interactions with life in urbanised societies; applying these insights to the health/disease balance at home and in the medical practice (outpatient) and clinic (inpatient). Despite its fast expansion and proliferating research efforts, circadian medicine lacks a formal framework to categorise the many observations describing interactions among the circadian system, sleep, and the health/disease balance. A good framework allows us to categorise observations and then assign them to one or more components with hypothesised interactions. Such assignments can lead to experiments that document causal (rather than correlational) relationships and move from describing observations to discovering mechanisms. This review details such a proposed formal framework for circadian medicine and will hopefully trigger discussion among our colleagues, so that the framework can be improved and expanded. As the basis of the framework for circadian medicine, we define "circadian health" and how it links to general health. We then define interactions among the circadian system, sleep, and the health/disease balance and put the framework into the context of the literature with examples from six domains of health/disease balance: fertility, cancer, immune system, mental health, cardiovascular, and metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Till Roenneberg
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Russell G Foster
- Sir Jules Thorn Sleep and Circadian Neuroscience Institute (SCNi), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, New Biochemistry Building, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Elizabeth B Klerman
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wang Y, Deboer T. Long-Term Effect of a Single Dose of Caffeine on Sleep, the Sleep EEG and Neuronal Activity in the Peduncular Part of the Lateral Hypothalamus under Constant Dark Conditions. Clocks Sleep 2022; 4:260-276. [PMID: 35735603 PMCID: PMC9222093 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep4020023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Caffeine is a central nervous system stimulant that influences both the sleep–wake cycle and the circadian clock and is known to influence neuronal activity in the lateral hypothalamus, an important area involved in sleep–wake regulation. Light is a strong zeitgeber and it is known to interact with the effect of caffeine on the sleep–wake cycle. We therefore wanted to investigate the long-term effects of a single dose of caffeine under constant dark conditions. Methods: We performed long-term (2 days) electroencephalogram (EEG)/electromyogram recordings combined with multi-unit neuronal activity recordings in the peduncular part of the lateral hypothalamus (PLH) under constant darkness in Brown Norway rats, and investigated the effect of a single caffeine treatment (15 mg/kg) or saline control given 1 h after the onset of the endogenous rest phase. Results: After a reduction in sleep and an increase in waking and activity in the first hours after administration, also on the second recording day after caffeine administration, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep was still reduced. Analysis of the EEG showed that power density in the theta range during waking and REM sleep was increased for at least two days. Neuronal activity in PLH was also increased for two days after the treatment, particularly during non-rapid eye movement sleep. Conclusion: Surprisingly, the data reveal long-term effects of a single dose of caffeine on vigilance states, EEG, and neuronal activity in the PLH. The absence of a light–dark cycle may have enabled the expression of these long-term changes. It therefore may be that caffeine, or its metabolites, have a stronger and longer lasting influence, particularly on the expression of REM sleep, than acknowledged until now.
Collapse
|
26
|
Reichert CF, Deboer T, Landolt HP. Adenosine, caffeine, and sleep-wake regulation: state of the science and perspectives. J Sleep Res 2022; 31:e13597. [PMID: 35575450 PMCID: PMC9541543 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
For hundreds of years, mankind has been influencing its sleep and waking state through the adenosinergic system. For ~100 years now, systematic research has been performed, first started by testing the effects of different dosages of caffeine on sleep and waking behaviour. About 70 years ago, adenosine itself entered the picture as a possible ligand of the receptors where caffeine hooks on as an antagonist to reduce sleepiness. Since the scientific demonstration that this is indeed the case, progress has been fast. Today, adenosine is widely accepted as an endogenous sleep‐regulatory substance. In this review, we discuss the current state of the science in model organisms and humans on the working mechanisms of adenosine and caffeine on sleep. We critically investigate the evidence for a direct involvement in sleep homeostatic mechanisms and whether the effects of caffeine on sleep differ between acute intake and chronic consumption. In addition, we review the more recent evidence that adenosine levels may also influence the functioning of the circadian clock and address the question of whether sleep homeostasis and the circadian clock may interact through adenosinergic signalling. In the final section, we discuss the perspectives of possible clinical applications of the accumulated knowledge over the last century that may improve sleep‐related disorders. We conclude our review by highlighting some open questions that need to be answered, to better understand how adenosine and caffeine exactly regulate and influence sleep.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Franziska Reichert
- Centre for Chronobiology, University Psychiatric Clinics Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Center for Affective, Stress, and Sleep Disorders, University Psychiatric Clinics Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tom Deboer
- Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Hans-Peter Landolt
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.,Sleep & Health Zürich, University Center of Competence, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Qian J, Morris CJ, Phillips AJK, Li P, Rahman SA, Wang W, Hu K, Arendt J, Czeisler CA, Scheer FAJL. Unanticipated daytime melatonin secretion on a simulated night shift schedule generates a distinctive 24-h melatonin rhythm with antiphasic daytime and nighttime peaks. J Pineal Res 2022; 72:e12791. [PMID: 35133678 PMCID: PMC8930611 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The daily rhythm of plasma melatonin concentrations is typically unimodal, with one broad peak during the circadian night and near-undetectable levels during the circadian day. Light at night acutely suppresses melatonin secretion and phase shifts its endogenous circadian rhythm. In contrast, exposure to darkness during the circadian day has not generally been reported to increase circulating melatonin concentrations acutely. Here, in a highly-controlled simulated night shift protocol with 12-h inverted behavioral/environmental cycles, we unexpectedly found that circulating melatonin levels were significantly increased during daytime sleep (p < .0001). This resulted in a secondary melatonin peak during the circadian day in addition to the primary peak during the circadian night, when sleep occurred during the circadian day following an overnight shift. This distinctive diurnal melatonin rhythm with antiphasic peaks could not be readily anticipated from the behavioral/environmental factors in the protocol (e.g., light exposure, posture, diet, activity) or from current mathematical model simulations of circadian pacemaker output. The observation, therefore, challenges our current understanding of underlying physiological mechanisms that regulate melatonin secretion. Interestingly, the increase in melatonin concentration observed during daytime sleep was positively correlated with the change in timing of melatonin nighttime peak (p = .002), but not with the degree of light-induced melatonin suppression during nighttime wakefulness (p = .92). Both the increase in daytime melatonin concentrations and the change in the timing of the nighttime peak became larger after repeated exposure to simulated night shifts (p = .002 and p = .006, respectively). Furthermore, we found that melatonin secretion during daytime sleep was positively associated with an increase in 24-h glucose and insulin levels during the night shift protocol (p = .014 and p = .027, respectively). Future studies are needed to elucidate the key factor(s) driving the unexpected daytime melatonin secretion and the melatonin rhythm with antiphasic peaks during shifted sleep/wake schedules, the underlying mechanisms of their relationship with glucose metabolism, and the relevance for diabetes risk among shift workers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Qian
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Depts. Of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Christopher J Morris
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Depts. Of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Andrew JK Phillips
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peng Li
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Depts. Of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Medical Biodynamics Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Shadab A Rahman
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Depts. Of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Wei Wang
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Depts. Of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Kun Hu
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Depts. Of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Medical Biodynamics Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Josephine Arendt
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - Charles A Czeisler
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Depts. Of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Frank AJL Scheer
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Depts. Of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Lange T, Luebber F, Grasshoff H, Besedovsky L. The contribution of sleep to the neuroendocrine regulation of rhythms in human leukocyte traffic. Semin Immunopathol 2022; 44:239-254. [PMID: 35041075 PMCID: PMC8901522 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-021-00904-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-four-hour rhythms in immune parameters and functions are robustly observed phenomena in biomedicine. Here, we summarize the important role of sleep and associated parameters on the neuroendocrine regulation of rhythmic immune cell traffic to different compartments, with a focus on human leukocyte subsets. Blood counts of "stress leukocytes" such as neutrophils, natural killer cells, and highly differentiated cytotoxic T cells present a rhythm with a daytime peak. It is mediated by morning increases in epinephrine, leading to a mobilization of these cells out of the marginal pool into the circulation following a fast, beta2-adrenoceptor-dependent inhibition of adhesive integrin signaling. In contrast, other subsets such as eosinophils and less differentiated T cells are redirected out of the circulation during daytime. This is mediated by stimulation of the glucocorticoid receptor following morning increases in cortisol, which promotes CXCR4-driven leukocyte traffic, presumably to the bone marrow. Hence, these cells show highest numbers in blood at night when cortisol levels are lowest. Sleep adds to these rhythms by actively suppressing epinephrine and cortisol levels. In addition, sleep increases levels of immunosupportive mediators, such as aldosterone and growth hormone, which are assumed to promote T-cell homing to lymph nodes, thus facilitating the initiation of adaptive immune responses during sleep. Taken together, sleep-wake behavior with its unique neuroendocrine changes regulates human leukocyte traffic with overall immunosupportive effects during nocturnal sleep. In contrast, integrin de-activation and redistribution of certain leukocytes to the bone marrow during daytime activity presumably serves immune regulation and homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Lange
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany. .,Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.
| | - Finn Luebber
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Social Neuroscience Lab, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Hanna Grasshoff
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Circadian photoreception: The impact of light on human circadian rhythms. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2022; 273:171-180. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
30
|
Stenger S, Grasshoff H, Hundt JE, Lange T. Potential effects of shift work on skin autoimmune diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1000951. [PMID: 36865523 PMCID: PMC9972893 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1000951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Shift work is associated with systemic chronic inflammation, impaired host and tumor defense and dysregulated immune responses to harmless antigens such as allergens or auto-antigens. Thus, shift workers are at higher risk to develop a systemic autoimmune disease and circadian disruption with sleep impairment seem to be the key underlying mechanisms. Presumably, disturbances of the sleep-wake cycle also drive skin-specific autoimmune diseases, but epidemiological and experimental evidence so far is scarce. This review summarizes the effects of shift work, circadian misalignment, poor sleep, and the effect of potential hormonal mediators such as stress mediators or melatonin on skin barrier functions and on innate and adaptive skin immunity. Human studies as well as animal models were considered. We will also address advantages and potential pitfalls in animal models of shift work, and possible confounders that could drive skin autoimmune diseases in shift workers such as adverse lifestyle habits and psychosocial influences. Finally, we will outline feasible countermeasures that may reduce the risk of systemic and skin autoimmunity in shift workers, as well as treatment options and highlight outstanding questions that should be addressed in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Stenger
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Hanna Grasshoff
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jennifer Elisabeth Hundt
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Tanja Lange
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Brain Clocks, Sleep, and Mood. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021. [PMID: 34773227 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-81147-1_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
The suprachiasmatic nucleus houses the master clock, but the genes which encode the circadian clock components are also expressed throughout the brain. Here, we review how circadian clock transcription factors regulate neuromodulator systems such as histamine, dopamine, and orexin that promote arousal. These circadian transcription factors all lead to repression of the histamine, dopamine, and orexin systems during the sleep period, so ensuring integration with the ecology of the animal. If these transcription factors are deleted or mutated, in addition to the global disturbances in circadian rhythms, this causes a chronic up-regulation of neuromodulators leading to hyperactivity, elevated mood, and reduced sleep, which have been suggested to be states resembling mania.
Collapse
|
32
|
Sgro M, Kodila ZN, Brady RD, Reichelt AC, Mychaisuk R, Yamakawa GR. Synchronizing Our Clocks as We Age: The Influence of the Brain-Gut-Immune Axis on the Sleep-Wake Cycle Across the Lifespan. Sleep 2021; 45:6425072. [PMID: 34757429 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsab268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbes that colonize the small and large intestines, known as the gut microbiome, play an integral role in optimal brain development and function. The gut microbiome is a vital component of the bi-directional communication pathway between the brain, immune system, and gut, also known as the brain-gut-immune axis. To date there has been minimal investigation into the implications of improper development of the gut microbiome and the brain-gut-immune axis on the sleep-wake cycle, particularly during sensitive periods of physical and neurological development, such as childhood, adolescence, and senescence. Therefore, this review will explore the current literature surrounding the overlapping developmental periods of the gut microbiome, brain, and immune system from birth through to senescence, while highlighting how the brain-gut-immune axis affects maturation and organisation of the sleep-wake cycle. We also examine how dysfunction to either the microbiome or the sleep-wake cycle negatively affects the bidirectional relationship between the brain and gut, and subsequently the overall health and functionality of this complex system. Additionally, this review integrates therapeutic studies to demonstrate when dietary manipulations, such as supplementation with probiotics and prebiotics, can modulate the gut microbiome to enhance health of the brain-gut-immune axis and optimize our sleep-wake cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marissa Sgro
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Zoe N Kodila
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rhys D Brady
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Amy C Reichelt
- Department of Medical Sciences, Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Richelle Mychaisuk
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Glenn R Yamakawa
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Qi J, Li BZ, Zhang Y, Pan B, Gao YH, Zhan H, Liu Y, Shao YC, Zhang X. Altered Hypothalamic Functional Connectivity Following Total Sleep Deprivation in Young Adult Males. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:688247. [PMID: 34658753 PMCID: PMC8517525 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.688247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Sleep deprivation can markedly influence vigilant attention that is essential to complex cognitive processes. The hypothalamus plays a critical role in arousal and attention regulation. However, the functional involvement of the hypothalamus in attentional impairments after total sleep deprivation (TSD) remains unclear. The purpose of this study is to investigate the alterations in hypothalamic functional connectivity and its association with the attentional performance following TSD. Methods: Thirty healthy adult males were recruited in the study. Participants underwent two resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) scans, once in rested wakefulness (RW) and once after 36 h of TSD. Seed-based functional connectivity analysis was performed using rs-fMRI for the left and right hypothalamus. Vigilant attention was measured using a psychomotor vigilance test (PVT). Furthermore, Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to investigate the relationship between altered hypothalamic functional connectivity and PVT performance after TSD. Results: After TSD, enhanced functional connectivity was observed between the left hypothalamus and bilateral thalamus, bilateral anterior cingulate cortex, right amygdala, and right insula, while reduced functional connectivity was observed between the left hypothalamus and bilateral middle frontal gyrus (AlphaSim corrected, P < 0.01). However, significant correlation between altered hypothalamic functional connectivity and PVT performance was not observed after Bonferroni correction (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Our results suggest that TSD can lead to disrupted hypothalamic circuits, which may provide new insight into neural mechanisms of attention impairments following sleep deprivation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Qi
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Neurology, The Second Medical Center, Sleep Medicine Research Center, National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bo-Zhi Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Medical Center, Sleep Medicine Research Center, National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- The Eighth Medical Center of the General Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Bei Pan
- Air Force Medical Center, PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Hong Gao
- National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Diseases, Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Zhan
- Air Force Medical Center, PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Brainnetome Center, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,National Laboratory of Pattern Recognition, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Cong Shao
- Shool of Psychology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China.,School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Neurology, The Second Medical Center, Sleep Medicine Research Center, National Clinical Research Centre for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Restoring the Molecular Clockwork within the Suprachiasmatic Hypothalamus of an Otherwise Clockless Mouse Enables Circadian Phasing and Stabilization of Sleep-Wake Cycles and Reverses Memory Deficits. J Neurosci 2021; 41:8562-8576. [PMID: 34446572 PMCID: PMC8513698 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3141-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The timing and quality of sleep-wake cycles are regulated by interacting circadian and homeostatic mechanisms. Although the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is the principal clock, circadian clocks are active across the brain and the respective sleep-regulatory roles of SCN and local clocks are unclear. To determine the specific contribution(s) of the SCN, we used virally mediated genetic complementation, expressing Cryptochrome1 (Cry1) to establish circadian molecular competence in the suprachiasmatic hypothalamus of globally clockless, arrhythmic male Cry1/Cry2-null mice. Under free-running conditions, the rest/activity behavior of Cry1/Cry2-null controls expressing EGFP (SCNCon) was arrhythmic, whereas Cry1-complemented mice (SCNCry1) had coherent circadian behavior, comparable to that of Cry1,2-competent wild types (WTs). In SCNCon mice, sleep-wakefulness, assessed by electroencephalography (EEG)/electromyography (EMG), lacked circadian organization. In SCNCry1 mice, however, it matched WTs, with consolidated vigilance states [wake, rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) and non-REMS (NREMS)] and rhythms in NREMS δ power and expression of REMS within total sleep (TS). Wakefulness in SCNCon mice was more fragmented than in WTs, with more wake-NREMS-wake transitions. This disruption was reversed in SCNCry1 mice. Following sleep deprivation (SD), all mice showed a homeostatic increase in NREMS δ power, although the SCNCon mice had reduced NREMS during the inactive (light) phase of recovery. In contrast, the dynamics of homeostatic responses in the SCNCry1 mice were comparable to WTs. Finally, SCNCon mice exhibited poor sleep-dependent memory but this was corrected in SCNCry1mice. In clockless mice, circadian molecular competence focused solely on the SCN rescued the architecture and consolidation of sleep-wake and sleep-dependent memory, highlighting its dominant role in timing sleep. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The circadian timing system regulates sleep-wake cycles. The hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is the principal circadian clock, but the presence of multiple local brain and peripheral clocks mean the respective roles of SCN and other clocks in regulating sleep are unclear. We therefore used virally mediated genetic complementation to restore molecular circadian functions in the suprachiasmatic hypothalamus, focusing on the SCN, in otherwise genetically clockless, arrhythmic mice. This initiated circadian activity-rest cycles, and circadian sleep-wake cycles, circadian patterning to the intensity of non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREMS) and circadian control of REMS as a proportion of total sleep (TS). Consolidation of sleep-wake established normal dynamics of sleep homeostasis and enhanced sleep-dependent memory. Thus, the suprachiasmatic hypothalamus, alone, can direct circadian regulation of sleep-wake.
Collapse
|
35
|
Fifel K, Deboer T. Heterogenous electrophysiological responses of functionally distinct striatal subregions to circadian and sleep-related homeostatic processes. Sleep 2021; 45:6369544. [PMID: 34516641 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsab230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Basal Ganglia (BG) are a set of subcortical nuclei that are involved in the control of a wide variety of motor, cognitive and affective behaviors. Although many behavioral abnormalities associated with BG dysfunction overlap with the clinical picture precipitated by the lack of sleep, the impact of sleep alterations on neuronal activity in BG is unknown. Using wildtype C57BI mice, we investigated the circadian and sleep-related homeostatic modulation of neuronal activity in the 3 functional subdivisions of the striatum (i.e. sensorimotor, associative and limbic striatum). We found no circadian modulation of activity in both ventral and dorso-medial striatum while the dorso-lateral striatum displayed a significant circadian rhythm with increased firing rates during the subjective dark, active phase. By combining neuronal activity recordings with electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings, we found a strong modulation of neuronal activity by the nature of vigilance states with increased activity during wakefulness and rapid eye movement sleep relative to non-rapid eye movement sleep in all striatal subregions. Depriving animals of sleep for 6 hours induced significant, but heterogenous alterations in the neuronal activity across striatal subregions. Notably, these alterations lasted for up to 48 hours in the sensorimotor striatum and persisted even after the normalization of cortical EEG power densities. Our results show that vigilance and sleep states as well as their disturbances significantly affect neuronal activity within the striatum. We propose that these changes in neuronal activity underlie both the well-established links between sleep alterations and several disorders involving BG dysfunction as well as the maladaptive changes in behavior induced in healthy subjects following sleep loss.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karim Fifel
- Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.,International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tom Deboer
- Laboratory for Neurophysiology, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Sanchez REA, Kalume F, de la Iglesia HO. Sleep timing and the circadian clock in mammals: Past, present and the road ahead. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 126:3-14. [PMID: 34092510 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Nearly all mammals display robust daily rhythms of physiology and behavior. These approximately 24-h cycles, known as circadian rhythms, are driven by a master clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus and affect biological processes ranging from metabolism to immune function. Perhaps the most overt output of the circadian clock is the sleep-wake cycle, the integrity of which is critical for health and homeostasis of the organism. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the circadian regulation of sleep. We discuss the neural circuitry and molecular mechanisms underlying daily sleep timing, and the trajectory of circadian regulation of sleep across development. We conclude by proposing future research priorities for the field that will significantly advance our mechanistic understanding of the circadian regulation of sleep.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raymond E A Sanchez
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Franck Kalume
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Horacio O de la Iglesia
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Falup-Pecurariu C, Diaconu Ș, Țînț D, Falup-Pecurariu O. Neurobiology of sleep (Review). Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:272. [PMID: 33603879 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep is a physiological global state composed of two different phases: Non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. The control mechanisms of sleep manifest at the level of genetic, biological and cellular organization. Several brain areas, including the basal forebrain, thalamus, and hypothalamus, take part in regulating the activity of this status of life. The signals between different brain regions and those from cortical areas to periphery are conducted through various neuromediators, which are known to either promote wakefulness or sleep. Among others, serotonin, norepinephrine, histamine, hypocretin (orexin), acetylcholine, dopamine, glutamate, and gamma-aminobutyric acid are known to orchestrate the intrinsic mechanisms of sleep neurobiology. Several models that explain the transition and the continuity between wakefulness, NREM sleep and REM sleep have been proposed. All of these models include neurotransmitters as ligands in a complex reciprocal connectivity across the key-centers taking part in the regulation of sleep. Moreover, various environmental cues are integrated by a central pacemaker-located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus-which is able to connect with cortical regions and with peripheral tissues in order to promote the sleep-wake pattern.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Falup-Pecurariu
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brașov, 500036 Brașov, Romania.,Department of Neurology, County Emergency Clinic Hospital, 500365 Brașov, Romania
| | - Ștefania Diaconu
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brașov, 500036 Brașov, Romania.,Department of Neurology, County Emergency Clinic Hospital, 500365 Brașov, Romania
| | - Diana Țînț
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brașov, 500036 Brașov, Romania.,Clinicco Hospital, 500059 Brașov, Romania
| | - Oana Falup-Pecurariu
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brașov, 500036 Brașov, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Jha PK, Bouâouda H, Kalsbeek A, Challet E. Distinct feedback actions of behavioural arousal to the master circadian clock in nocturnal and diurnal mammals. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 123:48-60. [PMID: 33440199 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The master clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus provides a temporal pattern of sleep and wake that - like many other behavioural and physiological rhythms - is oppositely phased in nocturnal and diurnal animals. The SCN primarily uses environmental light, perceived through the retina, to synchronize its endogenous circadian rhythms with the exact 24 h light/dark cycle of the outside world. The light responsiveness of the SCN is maximal during the night in both nocturnal and diurnal species. Behavioural arousal during the resting period not only perturbs sleep homeostasis, but also acts as a potent non-photic synchronizing cue. The feedback action of arousal on the SCN is mediated by processes involving several brain nuclei and neurotransmitters, which ultimately change the molecular functions of SCN pacemaker cells. Arousing stimuli during the sleeping period differentially affect the circadian system of nocturnal and diurnal species, as evidenced by the different circadian windows of sensitivity to behavioural arousal. In addition, arousing stimuli reduce and increase light resetting in nocturnal and diurnal species, respectively. It is important to address further question of circadian impairments associated with shift work and trans-meridian travel not only in the standard nocturnal laboratory animals but also in diurnal animal models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pawan Kumar Jha
- Circadian Clocks and Metabolism Team, Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Strasbourg, France; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC), University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Hanan Bouâouda
- Circadian Clocks and Metabolism Team, Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Strasbourg, France
| | - Andries Kalsbeek
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Center (AUMC), University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Etienne Challet
- Circadian Clocks and Metabolism Team, Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Strasbourg, France
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Sharma A, Sethi G, Tambuwala MM, Aljabali AAA, Chellappan DK, Dua K, Goyal R. Circadian Rhythm Disruption and Alzheimer's Disease: The Dynamics of a Vicious Cycle. Curr Neuropharmacol 2020; 19:248-264. [PMID: 32348224 PMCID: PMC8033974 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x18666200429013041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
All mammalian cells exhibit circadian rhythm in cellular metabolism and energetics. Autonomous cellular clocks are modulated by various pathways that are essential for robust time keeping. In addition to the canonical transcriptional translational feedback loop, several new pathways of circadian timekeeping - non-transcriptional oscillations, post-translational modifications, epigenetics and cellular signaling in the circadian clock - have been identified. The physiology of circadian rhythm is expansive, and its link to the neurodegeneration is multifactorial. Circadian rhythm disruption is prevelant in contamporary society where light-noise, shift-work, and transmeridian travel are commonplace, and is also reported from the early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Circadian alignment by bright light therapy in conjunction with chronobiotics is beneficial for treating sundowning syndrome and other cognitive symptoms in advanced AD patients. We performed a comprehensive analysis of the clinical and translational reports to review the physiology of the circadian clock, delineate its dysfunction in AD, and unravel the dynamics of the vicious cycle between two pathologies. The review delineates the role of putative targets like clock proteins PER, CLOCK, BMAL1, ROR, and clock-controlled proteins like AVP, SIRT1, FOXO, and PK2 towards future approaches for management of AD. Furthermore, the role of circadian rhythm disruption in aging is delineated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Sharma
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan 173 212, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Medical Drive, 117 600, Singapore
| | - Murtaza M Tambuwala
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, County, Londonderry, BT52 1SA, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Alaa A A Aljabali
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan
| | - Dinesh Kumar Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - Rohit Goyal
- Neuropharmacology Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan 173 212, Himachal Pradesh, India
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
|
41
|
Ni RJ, Tian Y, Dai XY, Zhao LS, Wei JX, Zhou JN, Ma XH, Li T. Social avoidance behavior in male tree shrews and prosocial behavior in male mice toward unfamiliar conspecifics in the laboratory. Zool Res 2020; 41:258-272. [PMID: 32212430 PMCID: PMC7231478 DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2020.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult male tree shrews vigorously defend against intruding male conspecifics. However, the characteristics of social behavior have not been entirely explored in these males. In this study, male wild-type tree shrews (Tupaia belangeri chinensis) and C57BL/6J mice were first allowed to familiarize themselves with an open-field apparatus. The tree shrews exhibited a short duration of movement (moving) in the novel environment, whereas the mice exhibited a long duration of movement. In the 30 min social preference-avoidance test, target animals significantly decreased the time spent by the experimental tree shrews in the social interaction (SI) zone, whereas experimental male mice exhibited the opposite. In addition, experimental tree shrews displayed a significantly longer latency to enter the SI zone in the second 15 min session (target-present) than in the first 15 min session (target-absent), which was different from that found in mice. Distinct behavioral patterns in response to a conspecific male were also observed in male tree shrews and mice in the first, second, and third 5 min periods. Thus, social behaviors in tree shrews and mice appeared to be time dependent. In summary, our study provides results of a modified social preference-avoidance test designed for the assessment of social behavior in tree shrews. Our findings demonstrate the existence of social avoidance behavior in male tree shrews and prosocial behavior in male mice toward unfamiliar conspecifics. The tree shrew may be a new animal model, which differs from mice, for the study of social avoidance and prosocial behaviors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Jun Ni
- Psychiatric Laboratory and Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.,Huaxi Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yang Tian
- Psychiatric Laboratory and Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.,Huaxi Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xin-Ye Dai
- Psychiatric Laboratory and Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.,Huaxi Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Lian-Sheng Zhao
- Psychiatric Laboratory and Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.,Huaxi Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Jin-Xue Wei
- Psychiatric Laboratory and Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.,Huaxi Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Jiang-Ning Zhou
- Chinese Academy of Science Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Diseases, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Ma
- Psychiatric Laboratory and Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.,Huaxi Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China. E-mail:
| | - Tao Li
- Psychiatric Laboratory and Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.,Huaxi Brain Research Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Piltz SH, Diniz Behn CG, Booth V. Habitual sleep duration affects recovery from acute sleep deprivation: A modeling study. J Theor Biol 2020; 504:110401. [PMID: 32663506 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2020.110401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Adult humans exhibit high interindividual variation in habitual sleep durations, with short sleepers typically sleeping less than 6 h per night and long sleepers typically sleeping more than 9 h per night. Analysis of the time course of homeostatic sleep drive in habitual short and long sleepers has not identified differences between these groups, leading to the hypothesis that habitual short sleep results from increased tolerance to high levels of homeostatic sleep drive. Using a physiologically-based mathematical model of the sleep-wake regulatory network, we investigate responses to acute sleep deprivation in simulated populations of habitual long, regular and short sleepers that differ in daily levels of homeostatic sleep drive. The model predicts timing and durations of wake, rapid eye movement (REM), and non-REM (NREM) sleep episodes as modulated by the homeostatic sleep drive and the circadian rhythm, which is entrained to an external light cycle. Model parameters are fit to experimental measures of baseline sleep durations to construct simulated populations of individuals of each sleeper type. The simulated populations are validated against data for responses to specific acute sleep deprivation protocols. We use the model to predict responses to a wide range of sleep deprivation durations for each sleeper type. Model results predict that all sleeper types exhibit shorter sleep durations during recovery sleep that occurs in the morning, but, for recovery sleep times occurring later in the day, long and regular sleepers show longer and more variable sleep durations, and can suffer longer lasting disruption of daily sleep patterns compared to short sleepers. Additionally, short sleepers showed more resilience to sleep deprivation with longer durations of waking episodes following recovery sleep. These results support the hypothesis that differential responses to sleep deprivation between short and long sleepers result from differences in the tolerance for homeostatic sleep pressure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia H Piltz
- Department of Mathematics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| | - Cecilia G Diniz Behn
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO 80401.
| | - Victoria Booth
- Departments of Mathematics and Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Zhang J, Jin X, Li R, Gao Y, Li J, Wang G. Influence of rapid eye movement sleep on all-cause mortality: a community-based cohort study. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 11:1580-1588. [PMID: 30867337 PMCID: PMC6428105 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Although the proportion and duration of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep are correlated with neurological and cardiovascular diseases, whether REM sleep is associated with all-cause mortality in community-based populations remains unknown. Methods: A prospective study was performed within the Sleep Heart Health Study (SHHS, Registration NO. NCT00005275). Total sleep time, sleep efficiency, and REM sleep were measured using polysomnography. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the association of the REM sleep with all-cause mortality. Results: Over a mean follow-up period of 11.0 ± 3.1 y, 1234 individuals (21.9%) died. In the entire population, reduced REM sleep was significantly associated with increasing all-cause mortality. After adjustment for age, sex, race, body mass index, smoking status, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, history of diabetes and hypertension, and the apnea–hypopnea index, the duration and proportion of REM sleep were found to be significantly associated with all-cause mortality when the lowest and the highest REM quartile groups were compared (hazard ratio, 95% confidence interval: 1.727, 1.434-2.079; 1.545, 1.298-1.839; respectively). Conclusion: The proportion and duration of REM sleep are negatively associated with all-cause mortality. This finding emphasizes the importance of personalized sleep management in community-based populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Xuting Jin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Ruohan Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Ya Gao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Jiamei Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710004, China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Tóth A, Pethő M, Keserű D, Simon D, Hajnik T, Détári L, Dobolyi Á. Complete sleep and local field potential analysis regarding estrus cycle, pregnancy, postpartum and post-weaning periods and homeostatic sleep regulation in female rats. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8546. [PMID: 32444809 PMCID: PMC7244504 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64881-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep and local field potential (LFP) characteristics were addressed during the reproductive cycle in female rats using long-term (60-70 days) recordings. Changes in homeostatic sleep regulation was tested by sleep deprivation (SDep). The effect of mother-pup separation on sleep was also investigated during the postpartum (PP) period. First half of the pregnancy and early PP period showed increased wakefulness (W) and higher arousal indicated by elevated beta and gamma activity. Slow wave sleep (SWS) recovery was suppressed while REM sleep replacement was complete after SDep in the PP period. Pup separation decreased maternal W during early-, but increased during middle PP while did not affect during late PP. More W, less SWS, higher light phase beta activity but lower gamma activity was seen during the post-weaning estrus cycle compared to the virgin one. Maternal sleep can be governed by the fetuses/pups needs and their presence, which elevate W of mothers. Complete REM sleep- and incomplete SWS replacement after SDep in the PP period may reflect the necessity of maternal REM sleep for the offspring while SWS increase may compete with W essential for maternal care. Maternal experience may cause sleep and LFP changes in the post-weaning estrus cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Attila Tóth
- In vivo Electrophysiology Research Group, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Máté Pethő
- In vivo Electrophysiology Research Group, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dóra Keserű
- In vivo Electrophysiology Research Group, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dorina Simon
- MTA-ELTE Laboratory of Molecular and Systems Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tünde Hajnik
- In vivo Electrophysiology Research Group, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Détári
- In vivo Electrophysiology Research Group, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Árpád Dobolyi
- MTA-ELTE Laboratory of Molecular and Systems Neurobiology, Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Schoonakker M, Meijer JH, Deboer T, Fifel K. Heterogeneity in the circadian and homeostatic modulation of multiunit activity in the lateral hypothalamus. Sleep 2019. [PMID: 29522210 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsy051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The lateral hypothalamus (LH) is a relatively large hypothalamic structure containing several neurochemically different, but spatially intermingled, neuronal populations. While the role of these neurons in the homeostatic regulation of diverse physiological and behavioral functions such as sleep/wake cycle has been studied extensively, the impact of sleep history on the electrophysiology of the LH and whether this effect is homogenous across LH is unknown. By combining multiunit activity (MUA) recordings in different regions of LH with electroencephalogram recordings in freely moving rats, we unravelled a heterogeneity of neural-activity patterns within different subregions of LH. This heterogeneity was evident in both the circadian and the vigilance state-dependent modulation of MUA. Interestingly, and consistent with this heterogeneity under baseline conditions, the magnitude of MUA suppression following 6 hr of sleep deprivation (SD) was also different within different locations of LH. Unlike the cortex and in contrast to the predictions of the synaptic homeostatic hypothesis, no correlation was found between the magnitude of activity increase during SD and the percentage of suppression of MUA during recovery sleep. These data provide in vivo evidence of a functional heterogeneity in the circadian and homeostatic modulation of neuronal activity in LH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marjolein Schoonakker
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna H Meijer
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tom Deboer
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Karim Fifel
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
Endogenous central and peripheral circadian oscillators are key to organizing multiple aspects of mammalian physiology; this clock tracks the day-night cycle and governs behavioral and physiologic rhythmicity. Flexibility in the timing and duration of sleep and wakefulness, critical to the survival of species, is the result of a complex, dynamic interaction between 2 regulatory processes: the clock and a homeostatic drive that increases with wake duration and decreases during sleep. When circadian rhythmicity and sleep homeostasis are misaligned-as in shifted schedules, time zone transitions, aging, or disease-sleep, metabolic, and other disorders may ensue.
Collapse
|
47
|
Michel S, Meijer JH. From clock to functional pacemaker. Eur J Neurosci 2019; 51:482-493. [PMID: 30793396 PMCID: PMC7027845 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, the central pacemaker that coordinates 24‐hr rhythms is located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Individual neurons of the SCN have a molecular basis for rhythm generation and hence, they function as cell autonomous oscillators. Communication and synchronization among these neurons are crucial for obtaining a coherent rhythm at the population level, that can serve as a pace making signal for brain and body. Hence, the ability of single SCN neurons to produce circadian rhythms is equally important as the ability of these neurons to synchronize one another, to obtain a bona fide pacemaker at the SCN tissue level. In this chapter we will discuss the mechanisms underlying synchronization, and plasticity herein, which allows adaptation to changes in day length. Furthermore, we will discuss deterioration in synchronization among SCN neurons in aging, and gain in synchronization by voluntary physical activity or exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Michel
- Group Neurophysiology, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Johanna H Meijer
- Group Neurophysiology, Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Barone I, Hawks-Mayer H, Lipton JO. Mechanisms of sleep and circadian ontogeny through the lens of neurodevelopmental disorders. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2019; 160:160-172. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2019.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
49
|
Karadag M, Gokcen C, Nacarkahya G, Namiduru D, Dandil F, Calisgan B, Eroğlu S. Chronotypical characteristics and related miR-142-3p levels of children with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder. Psychiatry Res 2019; 273:235-239. [PMID: 30658207 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.12.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
To compare children with Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and a healthy control group in terms of chronotype characteristics and miRNA-142-3p/miRNA-378 levels. 50 children with ADHD and 44 healthy children were included in the study. Childhood Chronotype Questionnaire was used to identify the chronotype preferences of children. Serum miR-142-3p and miR- 378 levels were determined. Preference for nighttime was higher in children with ADHD. Additionally, a night preference was found to be associated with attention deficit in both groups. While a significant correlation was found between the psychopathology rate in mothers and the presence of ADHD, there was no such correlation in fathers. In the comparison between children with ADHD and the control group, no significant difference was found between miRNA levels. Both the miR-142-3p and miR-378 values of the children with ADHD that have immediate relatives with a psychiatric disorder were lower, compared to control group. We found that shift to night preference in the circadian rhythm was higher and this preference was associated with attention deficit in the children with ADHD. In addition, the presence of psychopathology in the family and the mother's psychopathology affected the miR-142-3p and miR378 levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Karadag
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Gaziantep University Faculty of Medicine, Şehitkamil, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Cem Gokcen
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Gaziantep University Faculty of Medicine, Şehitkamil, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Gulper Nacarkahya
- Medical Biology and Genetics Department, Gaziantep University Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Deniz Namiduru
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Gaziantep University Faculty of Medicine, Şehitkamil, Gaziantep, Turkey.
| | - Funda Dandil
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Gaziantep University Faculty of Medicine, Şehitkamil, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Baran Calisgan
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Gaziantep University Faculty of Medicine, Şehitkamil, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Secil Eroğlu
- Medical Biology and Genetics Department, Gaziantep University Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Fifel K, Videnovic A. Chronotherapies for Parkinson's disease. Prog Neurobiol 2019; 174:16-27. [PMID: 30658126 PMCID: PMC6377295 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second-most common progressive neurodegenerative disorder. Although the clinical diagnosis of PD is still based on its cardinal motor dysfunctions, several non-motor symptoms (NMS) have been established as integral part of the disease. Unlike motor disorders, development of therapies against NMS are still challenging and remain a critical unmet clinical need. During the last decade, several studies have characterised the molecular, physiological and behavioural alterations of the circadian system in PD patients. As a consequence, and given the ubiquitous nature of circadian rhythms in the entire organism, the biological clock has emerged as a potential therapeutic target to ease suffering from both motor and NMS in PD patients. Here we discuss the emerging field of using bright light, physical exercise and melatonin as chronotherapeutic tools to alleviate motor disorders, sleep/wake alterations, anxiety and depression in PD patients. We also highlight the potential of these readily available therapies to improve the general quality of life and wellbeing of PD patients. Finally, we provide specific data- and mechanisms-driven recommendations that might help improve the therapeutic benefit of light and physical exercise in PD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karim Fifel
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan; Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Neurophysiology unit, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, the Netherlands; Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, Department of Chronobiology, 18 Avenue du Doyen Lépine, 69500, Bron, France; Laboratory of Pharmacology, Neurobiology and Behavior, Associated CNRST Unit (URAC-37), Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco.
| | - Aleksandar Videnovic
- Movement Disorders Unit and Division of Sleep Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 165 Cambridge Street, Suite 600, Boston, MA, 02446, USA
| |
Collapse
|