1
|
Jiang Z, Chen Z, Chen X. Candidate gene-environment interactions in substance abuse: A systematic review. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287446. [PMID: 37906564 PMCID: PMC10617739 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The abuse of psychogenic drugs can lead to multiple health-related problems. Genetic and environmental vulnerabilities are factors in the emergence of substance use disorders. Empirical evidence regarding the gene-environment interaction in substance use is mixed. Summaries of the latest findings from a candidate gene approach will be useful for revealing the significance of particular gene contributions. Thus, we aim to identify different gene-environment interactions in patterns of substance use and investigate whether any effects trend notably across different genders and races. METHODS We reviewed published studies, until March 1, 2022, on substance use for candidate gene-environment interaction. Basic demographics of the included studies, target genes, environmental factors, main findings, patterns of gene-environment interaction, and other relevant information were collected and summarized. RESULTS Among a total of 44 studies, 38 demonstrated at least one significant interaction effect. About 61.5% of studies on the 5-HTTLPR gene, 100% on the MAOA gene, 42.9% on the DRD2 gene, 50% on the DRD4 gene, 50% on the DAT gene, 80% on the CRHR1 gene, 100% on the OPRM1 gene, 100% on the GABRA1 gene, and 50% on the CHRNA gene had a significant gene-environment interaction effect. The diathesis-stress model represents a dominant interaction pattern (89.5%) in the studies with a significant interaction effect; the remaining significant effect on substance use is found in the differential susceptibility model. The social push and swing model were not reported in the included studies. CONCLUSION The gene-environment interaction research on substance use behavior is methodologically multidimensional, which causes difficulty in conducting pooled analysis, or stated differently-making it hard to identify single sources of significant influence over maladaptive patterns of drug taking. In decreasing the heterogeneity and facilitating future pooled analysis, researchers must (1) replicate the existing studies with consistent study designs and measures, (2) conduct power calculations to report gene-environment correlations, (3) control for covariates, and (4) generate theory-based hypotheses with factorial based experiments when designing future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Jiang
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Zidong Chen
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Xi Chen
- Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Department of Sociology and Social Policy, Lingnan University, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Haas C, Salzmann AP, Binz TM, Staubli G, Seiler M, Steuer AE. Analytical description of adolescent binge drinking patients. BMC Pediatr 2023; 23:512. [PMID: 37845619 PMCID: PMC10577939 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-04325-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Binge drinking is a widespread health compromising behavior among adolescents and young adults, leading to significant health problems, injuries and mortality. However, data on alcohol consumption is often unreliable, as it is mainly based on self-reporting surveys. In this five-year study (2014-2019) at the University Children's Hospital Zurich, we analyzed blood samples from adolescent binge drinking patients to investigate blood alcohol concentrations (BACs), co-ingestion of drugs, assess compliance between self-reported and measured substance use, and test for genetic components of innate alcohol tolerance. Furthermore, hair analysis was performed to retrospectively access drug exposure and to evaluate the potential of hair analysis to assess binge drinking. METHODS In a prospective, single-center study, patients with alcohol intoxications aged 16 years and younger were included. Blood and hair samples were analyzed by sensitive liquid chromatography - tandem mass spectrometry drug analysis. HTTLPR genotyping was performed with PCR and fragment analysis. RESULTS Among 72 cases, 72 blood and 13 hair samples were analyzed. BACs ranged from 0.08-3.20‰ (mean 1.63‰, median 1.60‰), while a mean concentration of 3.64 pg/mg hair (median 3.0 pg/mg) of the alcohol marker ethyl glucuronide (EtG) was detected in eleven hair samples, providing no evidence of chronic excessive drinking. In 47% of the cases, co-ingested drugs were qualitatively detected next to ethanol, but only 9% of the detected drugs had blood concentrations classified as pharmacologically active. Cannabis consumption (22%) and stimulant intake (16%) were the most frequently observed drugs. Compliance between patients' statements and measured substances matched well. Although we investigated the genetic contribution to innate alcohol tolerance via the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism, the diverse genetic background of the cohort and small sample size did not allow any conclusions to be drawn. CONCLUSION Almost half of our binge drinking patients tested positive for other substances, primarily cannabis. We anticipate that our study enhances understanding of consumption behavior of young people and encourage continued efforts to address the harmful effects of binge drinking and co-occurring substance use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cordula Haas
- Zurich Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | | | - Tina Maria Binz
- Zurich Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Georg Staubli
- Pediatric Emergency Department and Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michelle Seiler
- Pediatric Emergency Department and Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Eva Steuer
- Zurich Institute of Forensic Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cornell J, Conchas A, Wang XQ, Fink JC, Chen H, Kane MA, Pilli N, Ait-Daoud N, Gorelick DA, Li MD, Johnson BA, Seneviratne C. Validation of serotonin transporter mRNA as a quantitative biomarker of heavy drinking and its comparison to ethyl glucuronide/ethyl sulfate: A randomized, double-blind, crossover trial. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2022; 46:1888-1899. [PMID: 36031718 PMCID: PMC9588643 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The serotonin transporter (SERT) mRNA was previously reported to be a quantitative and pathophysiology-based biomarker of heavy drinking in 5HTTLPR:LL genotype-carriers treated with ondansetron. Here, we validated the potential use of SERT mRNA for quantitative prediction of recent alcohol consumption (in the absence of treatment) and compared it with the known biomarkers ethyl glucuronide (EtG) and ethyl sulfate (EtS). METHODS Binge drinking men and women of European ancestry aged 21 to 65 years were enrolled in a 12-day, in-patient, randomized, double-blind, crossover study, where they were administered three beverage doses (placebo, 0.5 g/kg [0.4 g/kg] ethanol, and 1 g/kg [0.9 g/kg] ethanol for men [women]) individually in three 4-day periods (experiments), separated by minimum 7-day washout period. Diet, sleep, and physical activity were controlled throughout the inpatient experiments. Twenty-nine participants were randomized to receive beverage doses counterbalancing the sequence of treatment and gender within subgroups stratified by SERT genotypes 5HTTLPR:LL+rs25531:AA (LA LA ) versus 5HTTLPR:LS/SS. Peripheral venous blood was collected daily for (1) quantification of SERT mRNA (the primary outcome measure) using qRT-PCR and (2) plasma EtG and EtS levels using tandem mass-spectrometry. RESULTS The association between administered beverage dose and SERT mRNA from completers of at least one 4-day experiment (N = 18) assessed by a linear mixed model was not statistically significant. Significant positive associations were found with beverage dose and plasma EtG, EtS and EtG/EtS ratio (β = 5.8, SE = 1.2, p < 0.0001; β = 1.3, SE = 0.6, p = 0.023; and β = 3.0, SE = 0.7, p < 0.0001, respectively; the C-statistics for discriminating outcomes were 0.97, 0.8, and 0.92, respectively). Additionally, we observed a sequence effect with a greater placebo effect on SERT mRNA when it was administered during the first experiment (p = 0.0009), but not on EtG/EtS measures. CONCLUSION The findings do not validate the use of SERT as a biomarker of heavy drinking. Larger and more innovative studies addressing the effects of placebo, race, gender, and response to treatment with serotonergic agents are needed to fully assess the utility of SERT as a biomarker of heavy and binge drinking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Cornell
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Andrew Conchas
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (former affiliation)
| | - Xin-Qun Wang
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Jeffrey C. Fink
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Hegang Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Maureen A. Kane
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD
| | - Nageswara Pilli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, MD
| | - Nassima Ait-Daoud
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - David A. Gorelick
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Bankole A. Johnson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD (former affiliation)
| | - Chamindi Seneviratne
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- The Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hussain S, Lesscher HMD, Day DJ, Ellenbroek BA. Genetics and epigenetics: paternal adolescent ethanol consumption in serotonin transporter knock-out rats and offspring sensitivity to ethanol. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2022; 239:3145-3159. [PMID: 35939082 PMCID: PMC9481507 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-022-06195-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is shown to have an overall heritability of around 50%. One of the genes associated with AUD is SLC6A4 (solute carrier family 6 member A4) which codes for the serotonin transporter (SERT). The study looked at serotonin dysfunction on ethanol consumption in adolescents and the subsequent intergenerational effects of drinking by using a rat model: SERT+/+ (regular functioning), SERT+/- (50% transporter reduction) and SERT-/- (complete reduction). OBJECTIVES We investigated sex and genotype differences in ethanol consumption in SERT knock-out Wistar rats (F0) followed by studying behaviour in the offspring (F1) of the male drinkers to assess effects of paternal alcohol consumption. METHODS An intermittent access two-bottle choice paradigm (IA2BC) was used to yield ethanol drinking behaviour in F0 adolescent Wistar rats. The highest drinking males were mated to alcohol-naive females and their offspring were compared with controls. Drinking behaviour (IA2BC) and ethanol-induced motor coordination effects (via rotarod) were measured in the F1s. RESULTS F0 drinking saw no SERT genotype differences in males. However, females consumed higher volumes of ethanol compared to males, with SERT-/- females showing the highest intake. A clearer genotype effect was seen in the F1 animals, with reduction in SERT activity leading to enhanced ethanol intake in both sexes. Importantly, paternal exposure to ethanol significantly reduced the ethanol induced motor side effects in offspring, independent of sex and genotype. CONCLUSIONS These indicate a difference in the way genetic factors may act across sexes and suggest the involvement of epigenetic mechanisms in the intergenerational effects of alcohol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sahir Hussain
- School of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, 6104, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Heidi M D Lesscher
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utrecht, Yalelaan 2, 3584 CM, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Darren J Day
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, 6104, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Bart A Ellenbroek
- School of Psychology, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, 6104, Wellington, New Zealand.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Yuen J, Goyal A, Rusheen AE, Kouzani AZ, Berk M, Kim JH, Tye SJ, Blaha CD, Bennet KE, Lee KH, Oh Y, Shin H. Cocaine increases stimulation-evoked serotonin efflux in the nucleus accumbens. J Neurophysiol 2022; 127:714-724. [PMID: 34986049 PMCID: PMC8896999 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00420.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although dopamine is the most implicated neurotransmitter in the mediation of the pathophysiology of addiction, animal studies show serotonin also plays a vital role. Cocaine is one of the most common illicit drugs globally, but the role of serotonin in its mechanism of action is insufficiently characterized. Consequently, we investigated the acute effects of the psychomotor stimulant cocaine on electrical stimulation-evoked serotonin (phasic) release in the nucleus accumbens core (NAcc) of urethane-anesthetized (1.5 g/kg ip) male Sprague-Dawley rats using N-shaped fast-scan cyclic voltammetry (N-FSCV). A single carbon fiber microelectrode was first implanted in the NAcc. Stimulation was applied to the medial forebrain bundle using 60 Hz, 2 ms, 0.2 mA, 2-s biphasic pulses before and after cocaine (2 mg/kg iv) was administered. Stimulation-evoked serotonin release significantly increased 5 min after cocaine injection compared with baseline (153 ± 21 nM vs. 257 ± 12 nM; P = 0.0042; n = 5) but was unaffected by saline injection (1 mL/kg iv; n = 5). N-FSCV's selective measurement of serotonin release in vivo was confirmed pharmacologically via administration of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor escitalopram (10 mg/kg ip) that effectively increased the signal in a separate group of rats (n = 5). Selectivity to serotonin was further confirmed in vitro in which dopamine was minimally detected by N-FSCV with a serotonin to dopamine response ratio of 1:0.04 (200 nM of serotonin:1 µM dopamine ratio; P = 0.0048; n = 5 electrodes). This study demonstrates a noteworthy influence of cocaine on serotonin dynamics, and confirms that N-FSCV can effectively and selectively measure phasic serotonin release in the NAcc.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Serotonin plays a vital role in drug addiction. Here, using N-shaped fast-scan cyclic voltammetry, we demonstrated the effect of cocaine on the phasic release of serotonin at the nucleus accumbens core. To the best of our knowledge, this has not previously been elucidated. Our results not only reinforce the role of serotonin in the mechanism of action of cocaine but also help to fill a gap in our knowledge and provide a baseline for future studies in cocaine addiction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason Yuen
- 1Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota,4IMPACT—the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Abhinav Goyal
- 1Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota,2Medical Scientist Training Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Aaron E. Rusheen
- 1Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota,2Medical Scientist Training Program, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Abbas Z. Kouzani
- 3School of Engineering, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- 4IMPACT—the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jee Hyun Kim
- 4IMPACT—the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Susannah J. Tye
- 6Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Charles D. Blaha
- 1Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Kevin E. Bennet
- 1Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota,7Division of Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Kendall H. Lee
- 1Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota,5Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Yoonbae Oh
- 1Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota,5Department of Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Hojin Shin
- 1Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Boness CL, Watts AL, Moeller KN, Sher KJ. The Etiologic, Theory-Based, Ontogenetic Hierarchical Framework of Alcohol Use Disorder: A Translational Systematic Review of Reviews. Psychol Bull 2021; 147:1075-1123. [PMID: 35295672 PMCID: PMC8923643 DOI: 10.1037/bul0000333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Modern nosologies (e.g., ICD-11, DSM-5) for alcohol use disorder (AUD) and dependence prioritize reliability and clinical presentation over etiology, resulting in a diagnosis that is not always strongly grounded in basic theory and research. Within these nosologies, DSM-5 AUD is treated as a discrete, largely categorical, but graded, phenomenon, which results in additional challenges (e.g., significant phenotypic heterogeneity). Efforts to increase the compatibility between AUD diagnosis and modern conceptualizations of alcohol dependence, which describe it as dimensional and partially overlapping with other psychopathology (e.g., other substance use disorders) will inspire a stronger scientific framework and strengthen AUD's validity. We conducted a systematic review of 144 reviews to integrate addiction constructs and theories into a comprehensive framework with the aim of identifying fundamental mechanisms implicated in AUD. The product of this effort was the Etiologic, Theory-Based, Ontogenetic Hierarchical Framework (ETOH Framework) of AUD mechanisms, which outlines superdomains of cognitive control, reward, as well as negative valence and emotionality, each of which subsume narrower, hierarchically-organized components. We also outline opponent processes and self-awareness as key moderators of AUD mechanisms. In contrast with other frameworks, we recommend an increased conceptual role for negative valence and compulsion in AUD. The ETOH framework serves as a critical step towards conceptualizations of AUD as dimensional and heterogeneous. It has the potential to improve AUD assessment and aid in the development of evidence-based diagnostic measures that focus on key mechanisms in AUD, consequently facilitating treatment matching.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashley L Watts
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Missouri
| | | | - Kenneth J Sher
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Missouri
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hande SH, Krishna SM, Sahote KK, Dev N, Erl TP, Ramakrishna K, Ravidhran R, Das R. Population genetic variation of SLC6A4 gene, associated with neurophysiological development. J Genet 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-021-01266-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
8
|
Yuferov V, Butelman ER, Randesi M, van den Brink W, Blanken P, van Ree JM, Kreek MJ. Association of Serotonin Transporter (SERT) Polymorphisms with Opioid Dependence and Dimensional Aspects of Cocaine Use in a Caucasian Cohort of Opioid Users. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2021; 17:659-670. [PMID: 33658787 PMCID: PMC7920580 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s286536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A functional tandem repeat polymorphism in the promoter of the serotonin transporter (SERT) gene (SLC6A4) has been studied for association to neuropsychiatric conditions, including substance use disorders. Short (S) forms of this repeat result in reduced transcription, and presumably greater synaptic levels of serotonin, which are involved in opioid and cocaine-induced reward. Dual exposure to heroin and cocaine is a common pattern of poly-drug use and is associated with considerable morbidity. We hypothesize that SLC6A4 variants are associated with cocaine exposure in subjects with an opioid dependence diagnosis (OD), and also in non-dependent opioid users (NOD). Other single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of SLC6A4 may also be likewise associated. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study determined whether variants of the SLC6A4 promoter repeats and two intronic SNPs, rs16965628 and rs2066713, are associated with categorical diagnoses of opioid dependence (DSM-IV criteria) and with dimensional aspects of cocaine use, in a Caucasian cohort (n=591). Three groups of subjects were examined: (1) 276 subjects with opioid dependence diagnosis (OD); (2) 163 subjects who had used opioids for non-medical reasons but never had an opioid dependence diagnosis (NOD); (3) 152 healthy controls (HC). RESULTS Aside from high exposure to heroin in the OD group, relatively high exposure to cocaine was detected in both OD and NOD groups. The SERT repeat genotype (classified as "long-long" [LL] versus "short-long" plus "short-short" [SL+SS]) was not associated with categorical opioid dependence diagnoses. A nominally significant association was identified with the [SL+SS] genotype of SLC6A4 and cocaine KMSK scores ≥"cutpoint" for a cocaine dependence diagnosis (p=0.026). The [SL+SS] genotype was associated with more rapid cocaine escalation than the LL genotype. No significant associations of rs16965628 and rs2066713 SNPs were found overall. CONCLUSION The functional SERT promoter tandem repeat genotype may be associated to heavy cocaine exposure and more rapid escalation of cocaine use, in persons with and without opioid dependence diagnosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Yuferov
- Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Eduardo R Butelman
- Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Matthew Randesi
- Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Wim van den Brink
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location Academic Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Blanken
- Parnassia Addiction Research Centre, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Jan M van Ree
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mary Jeanne Kreek
- Laboratory of the Biology of Addictive Diseases, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ikeda K, Ide S, Takahashi-Omoe H, Minami M, Miyata H, Kawato M, Okamoto H, Kikuchi T, Saito Y, Shirao T, Sekino Y, Murai T, Matsumoto T, Iseki M, Nishitani Y, Sumitani M, Takahashi H, Yamawaki S, Isa T, Kamio Y. Required research activities to overcome addiction problems in Japan. TAIWANESE JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/tpsy.tpsy_3_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
|
10
|
Caffino L, Verheij MMM, Roversi K, Targa G, Mottarlini F, Popik P, Nikiforuk A, Golebiowska J, Fumagalli F, Homberg JR. Hypersensitivity to amphetamine's psychomotor and reinforcing effects in serotonin transporter knockout rats: Glutamate in the nucleus accumbens. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:4532-4547. [PMID: 32721055 PMCID: PMC7484509 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Amphetamine (AMPH) use disorder is a serious health concern, but, surprisingly, little is known about the vulnerability to the moderate and compulsive use of this psychostimulant and its underlying mechanisms. Previous research showed that inherited serotonin transporter (SERT) down‐regulation increases the motor response to cocaine, as well as moderate (as measured during daily 1‐h self‐administration sessions) and compulsive (as measured during daily 6‐h self‐administration sessions) intake of this psychostimulant. Here, we sought to investigate whether these findings generalize to AMPH and the underlying mechanisms in the nucleus accumbens. Experimental Approach In serotonin transporter knockout (SERT−/−) and wild‐type control (SERT+/+) rats, we assessed the locomotor response to acute AMPH and i.v. AMPH self‐administration under short access (ShA: 1‐h daily sessions) and long access (LgA: 6‐h daily sessions) conditions. Twenty‐four hours after AMPH self‐administration, we analysed the expression of glutamate system components in the nucleus accumbens shell and core. Key Results We found that SERT−/− animals displayed an increased AMPH‐induced locomotor response and increased AMPH self‐administration under LgA but not ShA conditions. Further, we observed changes in the vesicular and glial glutamate transporters, NMDA and AMPA receptor subunits, and their respective postsynaptic scaffolding proteins as function of SERT genotype and AMPH exposure (baseline, ShA, and LgA), specifically in the nucleus accumbens shell. Conclusion and Implications We demonstrate that SERT gene deletion increases the psychomotor and reinforcing effects of AMPH and that the latter is potentially mediated, at least in part, by homeostatic changes in the glutamatergic synapse of the nucleus accumbens shell and/or core.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Caffino
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Michel M M Verheij
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Karine Roversi
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Giorgia Targa
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Mottarlini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Piotr Popik
- Department of Behavioural Neuroscience and Drug Development, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieska Nikiforuk
- Department of Behavioural Neuroscience and Drug Development, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Golebiowska
- Department of Behavioural Neuroscience and Drug Development, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Fabio Fumagalli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Judith R Homberg
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Roane SJ, Kapoor S, Sun S, Cramer RJ, Lamis DA. The interactive effect of the serotonin transporter genotype and drug use on suicidal behaviors in patients diagnosed with bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord 2020; 262:49-54. [PMID: 31707246 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide is a public health crisis, accounting for more than 47,000 deaths in the United States annually. Individuals with Bipolar Disorder (BD) are at a disproportionately greater risk of suicidal behaviors. Prior studies indicate the significant role of genotype and drug use individually on suicidal behaviors. We hypothesized that, consistent with the gene X environment (GXE) framework, an interaction between serotonin receptor (5-HTTLPR) gene and drug use would influence suicidal behaviors in BD patients. METHODS One hundred and fifty BD patients at a public urban behavioral health clinic enrolled. The majority were females (n 104, 69.3%), between 19 and 65 years of age (M 39.5, SD= 10.9), African American (n 110, 73.3%), unemployed (78.7%, n 118) with 32% identifying as homeless (n 48). Measures of current mood symptoms, historic suicidal behaviors, and recent substance use were completed, and buccal swabs collected. A moderation analysis was employed for data analysis. RESULTS Suicidal behaviors were significantly associated with genotype X drug use interaction (B 0.41, 95%CI= [0.06, 0.77], p= .03) followed by gender (B = 1.92, 95%CI= [0.59, 3.25], p= .005), genotype (B= -1.93, 95%CI= [-3.49, -0.36], p= .02), and employment (B= -1.72, 95%CI= [-3.12, -0.31], p= .02). LIMITATIONS The relatively small sample size primarily comprised of an indigent urban population may limit generalizability. Drug use and suicide risk measures were self-reported and potentially influenced by social desirability bias. CONCLUSIONS The 5-HTTLPR plays a moderating role on the association between drug use-suicidal behaviors with a differential impact of short and long alleles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Roane
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Emory University, 10 Park Place SE, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Shweta Kapoor
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, United States
| | - Shufang Sun
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University Alpert Medical School, United States
| | - Robert J Cramer
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, United States
| | - Dorian A Lamis
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Emory University, 10 Park Place SE, Atlanta, GA, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
A real world study on the genetic, cognitive and psychopathological differences of obese patients clustered according to eating behaviours. Eur Psychiatry 2020; 48:58-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractBackgroundConsidering that specific genetic profiles, psychopathological conditions and neurobiological systems underlie human behaviours, the phenotypic differentiation of obese patients according to eating behaviours should be investigated. The aim of this study was to classify obese patients according to their eating behaviours and to compare these clusters in regard to psychopathology, personality traits, neurocognitive patterns and genetic profiles.MethodsA total of 201 obese outpatients seeking weight reduction treatment underwent a dietetic visit, psychological and psychiatric assessment and genotyping for SCL6A2 polymorphisms. Eating behaviours were clustered through two-step cluster analysis, and these clusters were subsequently compared.ResultsTwo groups emerged: cluster 1 contained patients with predominantly prandial hyperphagia, social eating, an increased frequency of the long allele of the 5-HTTLPR and low scores in all tests; and cluster 2 included patients with more emotionally related eating behaviours (emotional eating, grazing, binge eating, night eating, post-dinner eating, craving for carbohydrates), dysfunctional personality traits, neurocognitive impairment, affective disorders and increased frequencies of the short (S) allele and the S/S genotype.ConclusionsAside from binge eating, dysfunctional eating behaviours were useful symptoms to identify two different phenotypes of obese patients from a comprehensive set of parameters (genetic, clinical, personality and neuropsychology) in this sample. Grazing and emotional eating were the most important predictors for classifying obese patients, followed by binge eating. This clustering overcomes the idea that ‘binging’ is the predominant altered eating behaviour, and could help physicians other than psychiatrists to identify whether an obese patient has an eating disorder. Finally, recognising different types of obesity may not only allow a more comprehensive understanding of this illness, but also make it possible to tailor patient-specific treatment pathways.
Collapse
|
13
|
Association of the DRD4 exon III and 5-HTTLPR VNTR polymorphisms with substance abuse in Jordanian Arab population. Gene 2019; 733:144267. [PMID: 31809838 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.144267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Genetic variations in the dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) gene and the serotonin transporter (SLC6A4) gene are involved in the aetiology of substance abuse disorder (SUD). The main aim of this study is to evaluate the genetic association of DRD4 (48 bp-VNTR) and SLC6A4 (rs25531 and 5-HTTLPR VNTR) gene polymorphisms with SUD susceptibility among the Jordanian Arab population. This study included 500 SUD patients and 500 healthy matched controls. The VNTR Genetic polymorphisms of DRD4 and SLC6A4 genes were genotyped using conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR). While, the rs25531 SNP was genotyped using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique. The genetic association was analysed using different statistical analyses including chi-square, Fisher exact test and one way ANOVA test. The DRD4 exon III VNTR polymorphism was associated with SUD significantly in case of alleles 4, 7 and genotype 7/7 (P = 0.004, 0.0005 and 0.01, respectively). While, there was no genetic association between the 5-HTTLPR (LL, LS, SS), rs25331 (AA, AG, GG) and tri-allelic (SASA, LASG, LASA, LALG, LALA) genotypes (P = 0.26, 0.71 and 0.52, respectively) and SUD. Moreover, using multinomial regression analysis, the homozygous 7/7 and 2/2 VNTR genotypes of DRD4 gene were nominally significantly associated with a lower risk of addiction (OR = 0.285 with P = 0.003 and OR = 0.447 with P = 0.031, respectively) after adjusting for other covariates. Our findings showed that 4 and 7 repeats and the genotype 7/7 of DRD4 exon III VNTRs polymorphism are involved in the aetiology of SUD among Jordanian population in compared to the 5-HTTLPR polymorphisms.
Collapse
|
14
|
Navarro-Mateu F, Quesada MP, Escámez T, Alcaráz MJ, Seiquer de la Peña C, Salmerón D, Huerta JM, Vilagut G, Chirlaque MD, Navarro C, Husky M, Kessler RC, Alonso J, Martínez S. Childhood adversities and 5-HTTLPR polymorphism as risk factors of substance use disorders: retrospective case-control study in Murcia (Spain). BMJ Open 2019; 9:e030328. [PMID: 31488488 PMCID: PMC6731914 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-030328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the separate and joint associations of childhood adversities and 5-HTTLPR polymorphism as risk factors for substance use disorders among adults. : Design : Retrospective case-control study. SETTING Cases from the substance unit and controls from a representative sample of the adult general population in the metropolitan area of Murcia (Spain). PARTICIPANTS Cases were defined as outpatients 18 years old or older currently in the treatment for alcohol, opioids or cocaine use disorders in the clinical unit. Controls were randomly selected among individuals without substance use disorders who participated in the Psychiatric Enquiry to General Population in Southeast Spain-Murcia (PEGASUS-Murcia) project, a cross-sectional study of a representative sample of the adult general population. In all, 142 cases and 531 controls were interviewed and a subsample of 114 cases (80.3%) and 329 controls (62%) provided a biological sample. EXPOSURE A history of 12 childhood adversities, lifetime mental disorders and sociodemographic variables was assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI)version 3.0). Buccal swabs were obtained to genotype the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism with the biallelic and the triallelic classification. MAIN OUTCOME AND MEASURE Multivariable logistic regression models were performed to estimate adjusted ORs and 95% CI. RESULTS Childhood adversities were associated with an elevated risk of substance use disorders (OR=5.77, 95% CI 3.46 to 9.61). Homozygotes for the short allele of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism also showed the elevated risk of substance use disorders for the biallelic and triallelic classification: (1.97 (1.10 to 3.55) and 2.01 (1.11 to 3.64), respectively). No evidence for gene × environment interactions was found. CONCLUSIONS Childhood adversities and the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism are involved in the aetiology of substance use disorders though findings exploring the existence of a gene-environment interaction were inconclusive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Navarro-Mateu
- Unidad de Docencia, Investigación y Formación en Salud Mental, Servicio Murciano de Salud, Murcia, Spain
- Departamento de Psicología Básica y Metodología, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Murcia, Spain
| | - Mari Paz Quesada
- Cellular Therapy and Hematopoietic Transplant Unit, Hematology Department, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Teresa Escámez
- Biobanco-HUVA-AECC-FFIS, IMIB BIOBANCA-MUR, Murcia, Spain
| | - Mª José Alcaráz
- Fundación para la Formación e Investigación Sanitarias de la Región de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Diego Salmerón
- Departamento de Ciencias Sociosanitarias, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - José María Huerta
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Murcia, Spain
- Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Health Council, Murcia, Spain
| | - Gemma Vilagut
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Murcia, Spain
- Programa de Investigación en Epidemiología y Salud Pública, IMIM (Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Médiques), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Dolores Chirlaque
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Murcia, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencias Sociosanitarias, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Health Council, Murcia, Spain
| | - Carmen Navarro
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Murcia, Spain
- Departamento de Ciencias Sociosanitarias, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Health Council, Murcia, Spain
| | - Mathilde Husky
- Laboratoire de Psychologie, Universite de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Ronald C Kessler
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jordi Alonso
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Murcia, Spain
- Programa de Investigación en Epidemiología y Salud Pública, IMIM (Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Médiques), Barcelona, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Jiménez KM, Pereira-Morales AJ, Adan A, Lopez-Leon S, Forero DA. Anxiety-related Endophenotypes and Hazardous Alcohol Use in Young Adults are Associated with a Functional Polymorphism in the SLC6A4 Gene. Open Neurol J 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1874205x01913010083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:
A functional polymorphism (5-HTTLPR, rs4795541) in the serotonin transporter (SLC6A4) gene has been shown as an important candidate for several psychiatric and behavioral traits.
Objective:
The objective of this study was to examine the possible interaction of this polymorphism with physical neglect in childhood on the presentation of anxiety traits and hazardous alcohol consumption in young Colombian subjects.
Methods:
272 young adults (mean age: 21.3 years) were evaluated with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, the Zung Self-rating Anxiety Scale, the Big Five Inventory, the Cohen’s Perceived Stress Scale, the Alcohol, Smoking, Substance Involvement Screening Test and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. Genotyping for the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism was carried out using conventional PCR. A linear regression model, corrected by age and gender, was used.
Results:
We found that individuals with the L/L genotype showed higher scores on physical neglect (p=0.0047), anxiety symptoms (p=0.028), neuroticism (p=0.019) and perceived stress (p=0.035). L/L genotype was a risk factor for hazardous alcohol use in young adults (OR=3.06, p=0.0003). No GxE interactions were observed in our data.
Conclusion:
Our results provide novel evidence for the role of a functional polymorphism in the SLC6A4 gene on the relationship of childhood trauma, anxiety-related traits and risky consumption of alcohol.
Collapse
|
16
|
Karel P, Almacellas‐Barbanoj A, Prijn J, Kaag A, Reneman L, Verheij MM, Homberg JR. Appetitive to aversive counter-conditioning as intervention to reduce reinstatement of reward-seeking behavior: the role of the serotonin transporter. Addict Biol 2019; 24:344-354. [PMID: 29292566 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Counter-conditioning can be a valid strategy to reduce reinstatement of reward-seeking behavior. However, this has not been tested in laboratory animals with extended cocaine-taking backgrounds nor is it well understood, which individual differences may contribute to its effects. Here, we set out to investigate the influence of serotonin transporter (5-HTT) genotype on the effectiveness of counter-conditioning after extended access to cocaine self-administration. To this end, 5-HTT+/+ and 5-HTT-/- rats underwent a touch screen-based approach to test if reward-induced reinstatement of responding to a previously counter-conditioned cue is reduced, compared with a non-counter-conditioned cue, in a within-subject manner. We observed an overall extinction deficit of cocaine-seeking behavior in 5-HTT-/- rats and a resistance to punishment during the counter-conditioning session. Furthermore, we observed a significant decrease in reinstatement to cocaine and sucrose associated cues after counter-conditioning but only in 5-HTT+/+ rats. In short, we conclude that the paradigm we used was able to produce effects of counter-conditioning of sucrose seeking behavior in line with what is described in literature, and we demonstrate that it can be effective even after long-term exposure to cocaine, in a genotype-dependent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Karel
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Centre for NeuroscienceDonders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour The Netherlands
| | - Amanda Almacellas‐Barbanoj
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Centre for NeuroscienceDonders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour The Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey Prijn
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Centre for NeuroscienceDonders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour The Netherlands
| | - Anne‐Marije Kaag
- Addiction, Development, and Psychopathology (ADAPT) lab, Department of PsychologyUniversity of Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical CenterUniversity of Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Liesbeth Reneman
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Academic Medical CenterUniversity of Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Brain and CognitionUniversity of Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Michel M.M. Verheij
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Centre for NeuroscienceDonders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour The Netherlands
| | - Judith R. Homberg
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Centre for NeuroscienceDonders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Goulas A, Raikos N, Krokos D, Mastrogianni O, Orphanidis A, Zisopoulos K, Tsepa A. Fatal intoxication with antidepressants: a case with many culprits. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 2018; 14:225-228. [PMID: 29488058 DOI: 10.1007/s12024-018-9960-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin-specific reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are generally considered safe drugs but fatal adverse effects do sometimes occur, often as a consequence of interactions with other serotonin active drugs. Polypharmacy is usually a problem that the elderly encounter, but it can also have dire consequences for young people, especially when an underlying heart condition is present. Thus, failure to diagnose heart disease and the use of contraindicated medications can be a lethal combination, irrespective of age. Here we present a case of a young adult suffering from bipolar disorder who used a combination of two SSRIs (citalopram and fluoxetine) and a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAO; moclobemide) with tragic consequences. The deceased also suffered from undiagnosed hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and was carrier of a genotype that may have predisposed him to increased sensitivity to SSRIs. The apparent difficulty in establishing the manner of death in this case is also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonis Goulas
- 1st Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Nikolaos Raikos
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Diamantis Krokos
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Orthodoxia Mastrogianni
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Amvrosios Orphanidis
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Zisopoulos
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Androniki Tsepa
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Crist RC, Li J, Doyle GA, Gilbert A, Dechairo BM, Berrettini WH. Pharmacogenetic analysis of opioid dependence treatment dose and dropout rate. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2018; 44:431-440. [PMID: 29333880 PMCID: PMC5940523 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2017.1420795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently, no pharmacogenetic tests for selecting an opioid-dependence pharmacotherapy have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. OBJECTIVES Determine the effects of variants in 11 genes on dropout rate and dose in patients receiving methadone or buprenorphine/naloxone (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00315341). METHODS Variants in six pharmacokinetic genes (CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C19, CYP2C9, CYP2D6, CYP3A4) and five pharmacodynamic genes (HTR2A, OPRM1, ADRA2A, COMT, SLC6A4) were genotyped in samples from a 24-week, randomized, open-label trial of methadone and buprenorphine/naloxone for the treatment of opioid dependence (n = 764; 68.7% male). Genotypes were then used to determine the metabolism phenotype for each pharmacokinetic gene. Phenotypes or genotypes for each gene were analyzed for association with dropout rate and mean dose. RESULTS Genotype for 5-HTTLPR in the SLC6A4 gene was nominally associated with dropout rate when the methadone and buprenorphine/naloxone groups were combined. When the most significant variants associated with dropout rate were analyzed using pairwise analyses, SLC6A4 (5-HTTLPR) and COMT (Val158Met; rs4860) had nominally significant associations with dropout rate in methadone patients. None of the genes analyzed in the study was associated with mean dose of methadone or buprenorphine/naloxone. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that functional polymorphisms related to synaptic dopamine or serotonin levels may predict dropout rates during methadone treatment. Patients with the S/S genotype at 5-HTTLPR in SLC6A4 or the Val/Val genotype at Val158Met in COMT may require additional treatment to improve their chances of completing addiction treatment. Replication in other methadone patient populations will be necessary to ensure the validity of these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard C. Crist
- Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - James Li
- Assurex Health Inc., Mason, Ohio, United States
| | - Glenn A. Doyle
- Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | | | | | - Wade H. Berrettini
- Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Karel P, Calabrese F, Riva M, Brivio P, Van der Veen B, Reneman L, Verheij M, Homberg J. d-Cycloserine enhanced extinction of cocaine-induced conditioned place preference is attenuated in serotonin transporter knockout rats. Addict Biol 2018; 23:120-129. [PMID: 27957784 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
d-Cycloserine (DCS), a partial NMDA receptor agonist, has been proposed as a cognitive enhancer to facilitate the extinction of drug-related memories. However, it is unknown whether there are individual differences in the efficacy of DCS. Here, we set out to investigate the influence of serotonin transporter (5-HTT) genotype on DCS treatment outcome and the underlying neural mechanism. To that end, we first determined the mRNA levels of several NMDA receptor subunits and observed a reduction in NR1/NR2C receptors in the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens of 5-HTT-/- compared with 5-HTT+/+ rats. Based on this finding, we hypothesized a lower sensitivity to DCS in the 5-HTT-/- rats. To test this, rats were trained in a cocaine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm. A significant extinction of CPP was observed in 5-HTT+/+ rats receiving 1 mg/kg i.v. DCS, while a similar effect was found in the 5-HTT-/- rats only after 5 mg/kg. Following CPP, we tested if DCS were able to reduce FosB/∆FosB protein expression, a molecular switch for cocaine-seeking behaviour. We observed an overall lower number of FosB/∆FosB positive cells in 5-HTT-/- ventromedial prefrontal cortex and amygdala and an overall effect of DCS treatment on the number of positive cells in the nucleus accumbens. In conclusion, in this study, we show that the dosing of DCS to facilitate the extinction of cocaine-seeking behaviour is, at least partially, determined by 5-HTT genotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Karel
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Centre for Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour; Radboudumc; The Netherlands
| | - Francesca Calabrese
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences; Universita'degli Studi di Milano; Italy
| | - Marco Riva
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences; Universita'degli Studi di Milano; Italy
| | - Paola Brivio
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences; Universita'degli Studi di Milano; Italy
| | - Bas Van der Veen
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Centre for Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour; Radboudumc; The Netherlands
| | - Liesbeth Reneman
- Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center; University of Amsterdam; The Netherlands
| | - Michel Verheij
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Centre for Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour; Radboudumc; The Netherlands
| | - Judith Homberg
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Centre for Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour; Radboudumc; The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Schlomer GL, Cleveland HH, Feinberg ME, Wolf PSA, Greenberg MT, Spoth RL, Redmond C, Tricou EP, Vandenbergh DJ. Extending Previous cG×I Findings on 5-HTTLPR's Moderation of Intervention Effects on Adolescent Substance Misuse Initiation. Child Dev 2017; 88:2001-2012. [PMID: 27861757 PMCID: PMC5422137 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.12666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This study addresses replication in candidate gene × environment interaction (cG×E) research by investigating if the key findings from Brody, Beach, Philibert, Chen, and Murry (2009) can be detected using data (N = 1,809) from the PROSPER substance use preventive intervention delivery system. Parallel to Brody et al., this study tested the hypotheses that substance misuse initiation would increase faster from age 11 to age 14 and be higher at age 14 among: (a) 5-HTTLPR short carrier adolescents versus long homozygotes, (b) control versus intervention adolescents, and (c) 5-HTTLPR short carriers in the control condition versus all other participants. The hypotheses were generally supported and results were consistent with Brody et al.'s cG×I finding. Results are discussed in light of replication issues in cG×E research and implications for intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel L. Schlomer
- Division of Educational Psychology and Methodology, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY
| | - H. Harrington Cleveland
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | - Mark E. Feinberg
- Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | - Pedro S. A. Wolf
- Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | - Mark T. Greenberg
- Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | - Richard L. Spoth
- Partnerships in Prevention Science Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Cleve Redmond
- Partnerships in Prevention Science Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Eric P. Tricou
- Department of Biobehavioral Health; Huck Institutes fort the Neurosciences; Molecular Cellular & Integrative Biosciences Program, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| | - David J. Vandenbergh
- Department of Biobehavioral Health; Huck Institutes fort the Neurosciences; Molecular Cellular & Integrative Biosciences Program, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
|
22
|
Sulovari A, Liu Z, Zhu Z, Li D. Genome-wide meta-analysis of copy number variations with alcohol dependence. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2017; 18:398-405. [PMID: 28696413 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2017.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Genetic association studies and meta-analyses of alcohol dependence (AD) have reported AD-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). These SNPs collectively account for a small portion of estimated heritability in AD. Recent genome-wide copy number variation (CNV) studies have identified CNVs associated with AD and substance dependence, suggesting that a portion of the missing heritability is explained by CNV. We applied PennCNV and QuantiSNP CNV calling algorithms to identify consensus CNVs in five AD cohorts of European and African origins. After rigorous quality control, genome-wide meta-analyses of CNVs were carried out in 3243 well-diagnosed AD cases and 2802 controls. We identified nine CNV regions, including a deletion in chromosome 5q21.3 with a suggestive association with AD (OR=2.15 (1.41-3.29) and P=3.8 × 10-4) and eight nominally significant CNV regions. All regions were replicated with consistent effect sizes across studies and populations. Pathway and gene-drug interaction enrichment analyses based on the resulting genes indicated the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway and the recombinant insulin and hyaluronidase drugs, which were relevant to AD biology or treatment. To our knowledge, this is the first genome-wide meta-analysis of CNVs with addiction. Further investigation of the AD-associated CNV regions will provide better understanding of the AD genetic mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Sulovari
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Z Liu
- Spine Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Z Zhu
- Spine Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - D Li
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.,Department of Computer Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.,Neuroscience, Behavior, and Health Initiative, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Zhang Y, Ming QS, Yi JY, Wang X, Chai QL, Yao SQ. Gene-Gene-Environment Interactions of Serotonin Transporter, Monoamine Oxidase A and Childhood Maltreatment Predict Aggressive Behavior in Chinese Adolescents. Front Behav Neurosci 2017; 11:17. [PMID: 28203149 PMCID: PMC5285338 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2017.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene-environment interactions that moderate aggressive behavior have been identified independently in the serotonin transporter (5-HTT) gene and monoamine oxidase A gene (MAOA). The aim of the present study was to investigate epistasis interactions between MAOA-variable number tandem repeat (VNTR), 5-HTTlinked polymorphism (LPR) and child abuse and the effects of these on aggressive tendencies in a group of otherwise healthy adolescents. A group of 546 Chinese male adolescents completed the Child Trauma Questionnaire and Youth self-report of the Child Behavior Checklist. Buccal cells were collected for DNA analysis. The effects of childhood abuse, MAOA-VNTR, 5-HTTLPR genotypes and their interactive gene-gene-environmental effects on aggressive behavior were analyzed using a linear regression model. The effect of child maltreatment was significant, and a three-way interaction among MAOA-VNTR, 5-HTTLPR and sexual abuse (SA) relating to aggressive behaviors was identified. Chinese male adolescents with high expression of the MAOA-VNTR allele and 5-HTTLPR “SS” genotype exhibited the highest aggression tendencies with an increase in SA during childhood. The findings reported support aggression being a complex behavior involving the synergistic effects of gene-gene-environment interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhang
- Medical Psychological Institute, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangsha, China; Medical College, North West University for NationalitiesLanzhou, China
| | - Qing-Sen Ming
- Medical Psychological Institute, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha, China
| | - Jin-Yao Yi
- Medical Psychological Institute, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Medical Psychological Institute, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha, China
| | - Qiao-Lian Chai
- Medical Psychological Institute, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha, China
| | - Shu-Qiao Yao
- Medical Psychological Institute, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Plemenitas A, Kastelic M, o Porcelli S, Serretti A, Dolžan V, Kores Plesnicar B. Alcohol Dependence and Genetic Variability in the Serotonin Pathway among Currently and Formerly Alcohol-Dependent Males. Neuropsychobiology 2016; 72:57-64. [PMID: 26352193 DOI: 10.1159/000437432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genes involved in the serotonin pathway may determine the susceptibility to alcohol dependence and its severity. The present study explored whether specific polymorphisms in the serotonin pathway could be associated with alcohol dependence or alcohol-related psychopathological symptoms. METHODS The cohort comprised 101 currently and 100 formerly alcohol-dependent males, as well as 97 male healthy blood donors. The following questionnaires were employed: the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test, the Zung Depression and Anxiety Scale, the Brief Social Phobia Scale, the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale and Obsessive Compulsive Drinking Scale, and the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory. Subjects were genotyped for bi- and triallelic SLC6A4 5-HTTLPR,HTR1A rs6295, and HTR1B rs13212041. RESULTS Statistical differences in bi- and triallelic SLC6A4 5-HTTLPR genotype distribution were observed between the 3 groups investigated (p = 0.008 and p = 0.023, respectively); however, no gene-dose effect was observed. The severity of the alcohol problems was higher in currently alcohol-dependent subjects with the 5-HTTLPR LL (p = 0.039) and L′L′ genotypes (p = 0.027). Formerly dependent subjects with the 5-HTTLPR S′S′ genotype showed more social anxiety, depressive, and anxiety traits (p = 0.009, p = 0.006, and p = 0.036, respectively). Healthy controls with the 5-HTTLPR SS genotype showed more traits of social anxiety (p = 0.020). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that bi- and triallelic SLC6A4 5-HTTLPR has some effects on the severity of alcohol dependence. Triallelic 5-HTTLPR was associated with social anxiety, anxiety, and depressive traits in alcohol-dependent subjects.
Collapse
|
25
|
Lin PY, Wu YS. Association between serotonin transporter gene polymorphisms and heroin dependence: a meta-analytic study. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2016; 12:3061-3067. [PMID: 27942217 PMCID: PMC5138044 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s120786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have examined the association between heroin dependence and serotonin transporter gene polymorphisms but yielded inconsistent results. The purpose of current study is to determine the overall effect of these polymorphisms on the risk for heroin dependence through a meta-analytic method. METHODS A meta-analysis was conducted to examine the association of heroin dependence with two common polymorphisms of serotonin transporter gene, in the promoter (5-hydroxytryptamine transporter-linked promotor region [5-httlpr]) and intron 2 (a various number tandem repeat in serotonin transporter intron 2 [STin2]). Data from studies with 5-httlpr (6 studies) and STin2 (8 studies) were synthesized by random effects model. RESULTS In the analysis, heroin dependence was found to be significantly associated with the S allele of 5-httlpr (odds ratio [OR] =1.22, 95% confidence interval [CI] =1.08-1.41, P=0.002). The association between the S allele of 5-httlpr and heroin dependence was significant in Caucasian subjects (OR =1.37, 95% CI =1.12-1.68, P=0.003), but not in non-Caucasian subjects. On the other hand, no association with STin2 polymorphism was found (OR =1.14, 95% CI =0.91-1.42, P=0.242). CONCLUSION The results suggest an ethnic-specific effect of the 5-httlpr polymorphism on the risk for heroin dependence, but the influence of the genetic variance in the patients with comorbidities or intermediate phenotypes of heroin dependence needs to be further examined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pao-Yen Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shan Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
A meta-analysis of the associations between the SLC6A4 promoter polymorphism (5HTTLPR) and the risk for alcohol dependence. Psychiatr Genet 2015; 25:47-58. [PMID: 25710844 DOI: 10.1097/ypg.0000000000000078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin reuptake variation is linked to a functional polymorphism in the promoter region of the SLC6A4 gene on chromosome 17. It is plausible that variations in genetically determined SLC6A4 activity may modify the risk for alcohol dependence. To determine whether this allele is associated with alcohol dependence, the authors conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis. Twenty-five studies including 8885 participants were reviewed and analyzed. The meta-analysis was carried out using a random-effects model. Overall, the results did not support an association between alcohol dependence and the SLC6A4 promoter polymorphism for the dominant, recessive, and additive genetic risk models, respectively [odds ratio (OR)=0.99 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.83, 1.18), OR=0.86 (95% CI: 0.71, 1.03), and OR=0.88 (95% CI: 0.69, 1.13)]. When effect modification was tested for sex, race/ethnicity, presence/absence of a psychiatric disorder, year of publication, and diagnostic criteria, none of the factors were found to be significantly associated with alcohol dependence. The findings in this meta-analysis suggest that the SLC6A4 promoter polymorphism is not associated with alcohol dependence.
Collapse
|
27
|
Thompson MD, Kenna GA. Variation in the Serotonin Transporter Gene and Alcoholism: Risk and Response to Pharmacotherapy. Alcohol Alcohol 2015; 51:164-71. [PMID: 26311211 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agv090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
SLC6A4, the gene encoding the serotonin transporter protein (5-HTT), has been extensively examined as a risk factor for alcohol dependence (AD). More recently, variability in the transporter gene was identified to be a potential moderator of treatment response to serotonergic medications such as ondansetron and sertraline. There is an insertion-deletion polymorphism in the promoter region (5-HTTLPR) of the SLC6A4, with the most common alleles being a 14-repeat short (S) allele and a 16-repeat long (L) allele. The S allele has often been associated with AD. By contrast, the L allele has been associated with pharmacological responsiveness in some individuals with AD. Differences in clinical phenotype may determine the utility of the 5-HTTLPR polymorphism as a moderator of pharmacological interventions for AD. We review the AD typology and disease onset in the context of pharmacogenetic and genomic studies that examine the utility of 5-HTTLPR in improving treatment outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miles D Thompson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - George A Kenna
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Sulovari A, Kranzler HR, Farrer LA, Gelernter J, Li D. Eye color: A potential indicator of alcohol dependence risk in European Americans. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2015; 168B:347-53. [PMID: 25921801 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In archival samples of European-ancestry subjects, light-eyed individuals have been found to consume more alcohol than dark-eyed individuals. No published population-based studies have directly tested the association between alcohol dependence (AD) and eye color. We hypothesized that light-eyed individuals have a higher prevalence of AD than dark-eyed individuals. A mixture model was used to select a homogeneous sample of 1,263 European-Americans and control for population stratification. After quality control, we conducted an association study using logistic regression, adjusting for confounders (age, sex, and genetic ancestry). We found evidence of association between AD and blue eye color (P = 0.0005 and odds ratio = 1.83 (1.31-2.57)), supporting light eye color as a risk factor relative to brown eye color. Network-based analyses revealed a statistically significant (P = 0.02) number of genetic interactions between eye color genes and AD-associated genes. We found evidence of linkage disequilibrium between an AD-associated GABA receptor gene cluster, GABRB3/GABRG3, and eye color genes, OCA2/HERC2, as well as between AD-associated GRM5 and pigmentation-associated TYR. Our population-phenotype, network, and linkage disequilibrium analyses support association between blue eye color and AD. Although we controlled for stratification we cannot exclude underlying occult stratification as a contributor to this observation. Although replication is needed, our findings suggest that eye pigmentation information may be useful in research on AD. Further characterization of this association may unravel new AD etiological factors. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arvis Sulovari
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont.,Cell, Molecular, and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Henry R Kranzler
- Departmentof Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine and VAMC 4 MIRECC, Philadelphia VAMC, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Lindsay A Farrer
- Departments of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Neurology, Ophthalmology, Genetics & Genomics, Biostatistics, and Epidemiology, Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joel Gelernter
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.,Connecticutand Department of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare Center, West Haven, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Dawei Li
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont.,Department of Computer Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont.,Neuroscience, Behavior, and Health Initiative, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Hines LA, Morley KI, Mackie C, Lynskey M. Genetic and Environmental Interplay in Adolescent Substance Use Disorders. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2015; 2:122-129. [PMID: 26301173 DOI: 10.1007/s40429-015-0049-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Adolescent substance use is of considerable public health importance. This narrative review provides a brief background to genetically informative research methodologies and highlights key recent literature examining the interplay between genetic and environmental influences in the etiology of substance use. Twin studies have quantified the magnitude of genetic and environmental influences, and more recently co-relative and Children of Twin designs have shown environments can moderate heritability. Studies have identified a number of specific gene variants (e.g. OPRM1, DRD4, 5HTTLPR) that interact with parenting and peer influence, and the effectiveness of interventions may vary by genotype. However, little research has taken into account the stage-sequential nature of substance use. This may obscure important differences in the genetic and environmental influences, and their interplay, at the stages of escalation to problem use. Future research needs to build on existing methodologies to disentangle the complexities of progression in adolescent substance use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey A Hines
- Addictions Department, King's College London Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, 4 Windsor Walk, London SE5 8BB
| | - Katherine I Morley
- Addictions Department, King's College London Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, 4 Windsor Walk, London SE5 8BB
| | - Clare Mackie
- Addictions Department, King's College London Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, 4 Windsor Walk, London SE5 8BB
| | - Michael Lynskey
- Addictions Department, King's College London Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, 4 Windsor Walk, London SE5 8BB
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Pascale E, Ferraguti G, Codazzo C, Passarelli F, Mancinelli R, Bonvicini C, Bruno SM, Lucarelli M, Ceccanti M. Alcohol dependence and serotonin transporter functional polymorphisms 5-HTTLPR and rs25531 in an Italian population. Alcohol Alcohol 2015; 50:259-65. [PMID: 25770138 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agv014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The role of the serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) in alcohol dependence (AD) is still unclear. In this paper, we have evaluated the association of the SLC6A4 gene polymorphisms 5-HTTLPR and rs25531 in AD and assessed the polymorphic patterns both in alcoholics and in healthy people of an Italian population. METHODS Genotyping of the 5-HTTLPR (L/S) and rs25531 (A/G) polymorphisms of the SLC6A4 gene was performed on 403 alcoholics outpatients and 427 blood donors. RESULTS Comparing AD and control populations and taking into account statistical correction for multiple testing, we found no statistically significant differences for 5-HTTLPR (L/S) and rs25531 polymorphisms in terms of either genotypes or alleles frequencies. By univariate ANOVA, a statistically significant difference was found in the onset of AD: the mean age of onset resulted to be of 25.4 years in males in respect to 28.1 in females. In particular in males, the early AD onset was different, in a statistically significant manner, depending on the presence of at least one S or Lg allele (24.6 years) in respect to La homozygotes (27.5 years) (P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that genetic factors contribute, together with gender and age, to the onset differences in alcohol-dependent phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esterina Pascale
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giampiero Ferraguti
- Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Codazzo
- Centro Riferimento Alcologico Regione Lazio, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Rosanna Mancinelli
- Centro Nazionale Sostanze Chimiche, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Sabina Maria Bruno
- Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Lucarelli
- Department of Cellular Biotechnologies and Hematology, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - Mauro Ceccanti
- Centro Riferimento Alcologico Regione Lazio, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
O’Brien JW, Lichenstein SD, Hill SY. Maladaptive decision making and substance use outcomes in high-risk individuals: preliminary evidence for the role of 5-HTTLPR variation. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2014; 75:643-52. [PMID: 24988263 PMCID: PMC4108605 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2014.75.643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Individuals with multiple alcohol-dependent (AD) relatives are at increased risk for substance use disorders (SUDs). Prospective, longitudinal studies of high-risk (HR) individuals afford the opportunity to determine potential risk markers of SUDs. The current study assessed the effect of familial risk and genetic variation on Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) performance and tested for an association between IGT performance and SUD outcomes. METHOD Individuals from multiplex AD families (n = 63) and low-risk (LR; n = 45) control families, ages 16-34 years, were tested using a computerized version of the IGT. SUD outcomes were assessed at approximately yearly intervals. 5-HTTLPR and COMT genotypes were available for the majority of participants (n = 86). RESULTS HR offspring showed poorer performance overall on the IGT and especially poor performance on the final trial block (Block 5), indicating a failure to improve decision making with previous experience. The 5-HTTLPR short-allele homozygote participants performed worse than long-allele carriers, with HR S/S carriers exhibiting particularly poor performance. There was no main effect of COMT on IGT performance and no significant COMT by Risk interaction. Significantly more individuals in the HR than LR group met criteria for SUD. Importantly, disadvantageous performance on IGT Block 5 was significantly associated with an earlier age at SUD onset. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to show that both familial risk of SUD and 5-HTTLPR variation impact performance on the IGT. Poorer IGT performance was associated with earlier onset of SUD, suggesting that HR individuals who fail to appropriately attend to long-term costs and benefits during a decision-making task are especially at risk for developing SUD in adolescence and young adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica W O’Brien
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sarah D Lichenstein
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Shirley Y Hill
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Moeller SJ, Parvaz MA, Shumay E, Wu S, Beebe-Wang N, Konova AB, Misyrlis M, Alia-Klein N, Goldstein RZ. Monoamine polygenic liability in health and cocaine dependence: imaging genetics study of aversive processing and associations with depression symptomatology. Drug Alcohol Depend 2014; 140:17-24. [PMID: 24837582 PMCID: PMC4053494 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gene polymorphisms that affect serotonin signaling modulate reactivity to salient stimuli and risk for emotional disturbances. Here, we hypothesized that these serotonin genes, which have been primarily explored in depressive disorders, could also have important implications for drug addiction, with the potential to reveal important insights into drug symptomatology, severity, and/or possible sequelae such as dysphoria. METHODS Using an imaging genetics approach, the current study tested in 62 cocaine abusers and 57 healthy controls the separate and combined effects of variations in the serotonin transporter (5-HTTLPR) and monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) genes on processing of aversive information. Reactivity to standardized unpleasant images was indexed by a psychophysiological marker of stimulus salience (i.e., the late positive potential (LPP) component of the event-related potential) during passive picture viewing. Depressive symptomatology was assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). RESULTS Results showed that, independent of diagnosis, the highest unpleasant LPPs emerged in individuals with MAOA-Low and at least one 'Short' allele of 5-HTTLPR. Uniquely in the cocaine participants with these two risk variants, higher unpleasant LPPs correlated with higher BDI scores. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results suggest that a multilocus genetic composite of monoamine signaling relates to depression symptomatology through brain function associated with the experience of negative emotions. This research lays the groundwork for future studies that can investigate clinical outcomes and/or pharmacogenetic therapies in drug addiction and potentially other psychopathologies of emotion dysregulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scott J Moeller
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States of America
| | - Muhammad A Parvaz
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States of America
| | - Elena Shumay
- Department of Biosciences, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, United States of America
| | - Salina Wu
- Department of Biosciences, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, United States of America
| | - Nicasia Beebe-Wang
- Department of Biosciences, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, United States of America
| | - Anna B Konova
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States of America; Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States of America
| | - Michail Misyrlis
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States of America; Department of Computer Science, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, United States of America
| | - Nelly Alia-Klein
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States of America
| | - Rita Z Goldstein
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
The role of serotonin in drug use and addiction. Behav Brain Res 2014; 277:146-92. [PMID: 24769172 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The use of psychoactive drugs is a wide spread behaviour in human societies. The systematic use of a drug requires the establishment of different drug use-associated behaviours which need to be learned and controlled. However, controlled drug use may develop into compulsive drug use and addiction, a major psychiatric disorder with severe consequences for the individual and society. Here we review the role of the serotonergic (5-HT) system in the establishment of drug use-associated behaviours on the one hand and the transition and maintenance of addiction on the other hand for the drugs: cocaine, amphetamine, methamphetamine, MDMA (ecstasy), morphine/heroin, cannabis, alcohol, and nicotine. Results show a crucial, but distinct involvement of the 5-HT system in both processes with considerable overlap between psychostimulant and opioidergic drugs and alcohol. A new functional model suggests specific adaptations in the 5-HT system, which coincide with the establishment of controlled drug use-associated behaviours. These serotonergic adaptations render the nervous system susceptible to the transition to compulsive drug use behaviours and often overlap with genetic risk factors for addiction. Altogether we suggest a new trajectory by which serotonergic neuroadaptations induced by first drug exposure pave the way for the establishment of addiction.
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
Alcohol dependence is a complex disorder affecting all social and ethnic groups. Although the scientific understanding of the mechanism governing this multifactorial disease is still in its infancy, understanding its biological bases, including the potential contribution of genetic factors, is key to characterizing individual's risk and developing efficacious therapeutic target to combat the disease. This review provides an overview of different approaches that are being increasingly integrated to extend our knowledge of the genetic underpinnings of alcohol dependence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Awoyemi A Awofala
- a Department of Biological Sciences , Tai Solarin University of Education , Ijagun , Ogun State , Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|