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Breivik TJ, Gjermo P, Gundersen Y, Opstad PK, Murison R, Hugoson A, von Hörsten S, Fristad I. Microbiota-immune-brain interactions: A new vision in the understanding of periodontal health and disease. Periodontol 2000 2024. [PMID: 39233381 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
This review highlights the significance of interactions between the microbiota, immune system, nervous and hormonal systems, and the brain on periodontal health and disease. Microorganisms in the microbiota, immune cells, and neurons communicate via homeostatic nervous and hormonal systems, regulating vital body functions. By modulating pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory adaptive immune responses, these systems control the composition and number of microorganisms in the microbiota. The strength of these brain-controlled responses is genetically determined but is sensitive to early childhood stressors, which can permanently alter their responsiveness via epigenetic mechanisms, and to adult stressors, causing temporary changes. Clinical evidence and research with humans and animal models indicate that factors linked to severe periodontitis enhance the responsiveness of these homeostatic systems, leading to persistent hyperactivation. This weakens the immune defense against invasive symbiotic microorganisms (pathobionts) while strengthening the defense against non-invasive symbionts at the gingival margin. The result is an increased gingival tissue load of pathobionts, including Gram-negative bacteria, followed by an excessive innate immune response, which prevents infection but simultaneously destroys gingival and periodontal tissues. Thus, the balance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory adaptive immunity is crucial in controlling the microbiota, and the responsiveness of brain-controlled homeostatic systems determines periodontal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torbjørn Jarle Breivik
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Odontology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division for Protection, Norwegian Defence Research Establishment, Kjeller, Norway
| | - Per Gjermo
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Institute of Clinical Odontology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Yngvar Gundersen
- Division for Protection, Norwegian Defence Research Establishment, Kjeller, Norway
| | - Per Kristian Opstad
- Division for Protection, Norwegian Defence Research Establishment, Kjeller, Norway
| | - Robert Murison
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anders Hugoson
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg and School of Health and Welfare, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stephan von Hörsten
- Department for Experimental Therapy, University Hospital Erlangen, Preclinical Experimental Center, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Inge Fristad
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Perez N, He N, Wright F, Condon E, Weiser S, Aouizerat B. Social determinants of inflammatory markers linking depression and type 2 diabetes among women: A scoping review. J Psychosom Res 2024; 184:111831. [PMID: 38905780 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2024.111831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Inflammation is implicated in the pathophysiology of depression and type 2 diabetes (T2D) and is linked to social determinants of health (SDoH) associated with socioeconomic disadvantage. The objective of this review is to identify and map the range of SDoHs associated with inflammation in depression, T2D, or their co-occurrence among women. METHODS PubMed, CINAHL, PsychINFO, and Web of Science were searched March-July 2023 to identify studies where 1) an SDoH was a predictor or independent variable, 2) depression or T2D was a clinical focus, 3) inflammatory markers were collected, and 4) analysis was specific to women. We used the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities research framework to guide searching SDoHs, organize findings, and identify gaps. RESULTS Of the 1135 studies retrieved, 46 met criteria. Within the reviewed studies, the most used inflammatory measures were C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α, and the most studied SDoHs were early life stress and socioeconomic status. Individual and interpersonal-level variables comprised the bulk of SDoHs in the included studies, while few to no studies examined built environment (n = 6) or health system level (n = 0) factors. Disadvantageous SDoHs were associated with higher levels of inflammation across the included studies. CONCLUSION The scope and intersection of depression and T2D represent a syndemic that contributes to and results from socioeconomic inequities and disproportionately affects women. Simultaneous inclusion of social and inflammatory measures, particularly understudied SDoHs, is needed to clarify potent targets aimed at advancing health and equity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Perez
- New York University, Rory Meyers College of Nursing, 433 1(st) Ave, New York, NY 10010, USA.
| | - Ning He
- New York University, Silver School of Social Work, 1 Washington Squire North, New York, NY 10003, United States of America.
| | - Fay Wright
- Northwell Health Northern Westchester Hospital, 400 East Main Street, Mt Kisco, NY 10549, United States of America.
| | - Eileen Condon
- University of Connecticut, College of Nursing, 231 Glenbrook Rd, Storrs, CT 06269, United States of America.
| | - Sheri Weiser
- University of San Francisco, School of Medicine, 533 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States of America.
| | - Brad Aouizerat
- New York University, College of Dentistry, 345 E 24th St, New York, NY 10010, United States of America; University of San Francisco, School of Pharmacy, 513 Parnassus Ave, San Francisco, CA 94143, United States of America.
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Vásquez-Pérez JM, González-Guevara E, Gutiérrez-Buenabad D, Martínez-Gopar PE, Martinez-Lazcano JC, Cárdenas G. Is Nasal Dysbiosis a Required Component for Neuroinflammation in Major Depressive Disorder? Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04375-2. [PMID: 39120823 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04375-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Human microbiota is known to influence immune and cerebral responses by direct and/or indirect mechanisms, including hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis signaling, activation of neural afferent circuits to the brain, and by altering the peripheral immune responses (cellular and humoral immune function, circulatory inflammatory cells, and the production of several inflammatory mediators, such as cytokines, chemokines, and reactive oxygen species). The inflammatory responses in the nasal mucosa (rhinitis) or paranasal sinuses (chronic rhinosinusitis) are dual conditions related with a greater risk for developing depression. In the nasal cavity, anatomic components of the olfactive function are in direct contact with the CNS through the olfactory receptors, neurons, and axons that end in the olfactory bulb and the entorhinal cortex. Local microbiome alterations (dysbiosis) are linked to transepithelial translocation of microorganisms and their metabolites, which disrupts the epithelial barrier and favors vascular permeability, increasing the levels of several inflammatory molecules (both cytokines and non-cytokine mediators: extracellular vesicles (exosomes) and neuropeptides), triggering local inflammation (rhinitis) and the spread of these components into the central nervous system (neuroinflammation). In this review, we discuss the role of microbiota-related immunity in conditions affecting the nasal mucosa (chronic rhinosinusitis and allergic rhinitis) and their relevance in major depressive disorders, focusing on the few mechanisms known to be involved and providing some hypothetical proposals on the pathophysiology of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Manuel Vásquez-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Neurogénesis, Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de La Fuente Muñiz, 14370, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Programa de Posgrado Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Edith González-Guevara
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología Molecular y Nanotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, 14269, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Diana Gutiérrez-Buenabad
- Laboratorio de Neurogénesis, Subdirección de Investigaciones Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de La Fuente Muñiz, 14370, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Programa de Posgrado Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Pablo Eliasib Martínez-Gopar
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología Molecular y Nanotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, 14269, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Departamento de Farmacobiología, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Unidad Sede Sur, 14330, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Juan Carlos Martinez-Lazcano
- Laboratorio de Neurofarmacología Molecular y Nanotecnología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, 14269, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Graciela Cárdenas
- Departamento de Neurología, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía Manuel Velasco Suárez, Insurgentes Sur 3877, La Fama, Tlalpan, 14269, Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico.
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Hart JB, Poon RK, Ward RE, Hintze KJ, Freeman SM. Effects of Dietary Fiber on Short Chain Fatty Acid Receptor mRNA in Microglia and Serotonergic Neurons in the Mouse Brain. Neuroscience 2024; 544:88-101. [PMID: 38431042 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are bioactive lipids that are released into the colon as a metabolite of bacterial fermentation of dietary fibers. Beyond their function in the gastrointestinal tract, SCFAs can also have effects inthe brain, as a part of the gut-brain axis. Recent investigations into potential therapeutic interventions via the manipulation of the gut microbiome-and thus their SCFA metabolites-has been emerging as a new branch of personalized medicine,especially for mental health conditions. The current study sought to measure and localize SCFA receptors in the mouse brain. Two cell types have been implicated in the gut-brain axis: microglia and serotonergic neurons. We used fluorescentin situhybridization in brain sections from mice fed diets with different compositions of fat and fiber to quantify the mRNA levels of known gene markers of these two cell types and colocalize each with mRNA for free fatty acid receptors that bind SCFAs. We focused onmicroglia in the hippocampus and the serotonergic neurons of the dorsal raphe. We found high colocalization of SCFA receptors in both microglia and serotonergic neurons and discovered that SCFA receptor expression in the dorsal raphe is driven by fiber solubility, while SCFA receptor expression in the hippocampus is driven by fiber amount. Higher dietary fiber was associated with decreased tyrosine hydroxylase expression. Thus, our results indicate that the amount and solubility of dietary fiber can change gene expression in the brain's microglia and serotonin neurons, potentially via sensitivity to circulating levels of SCFAs produced in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janna B Hart
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Robert K Poon
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Robert E Ward
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Korry J Hintze
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Sara M Freeman
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA.
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5
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Chen YC, Hou CY, Hsu MH, Huang LT, Hsiao CC, Sheen JM. The Impact of Gut Microbiota Changes on Methotrexate-Induced Neurotoxicity in Developing Young Rats. Biomedicines 2024; 12:908. [PMID: 38672262 PMCID: PMC11048417 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Methotrexate (MTX) is an essential part of therapy in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in children, and inferior intellectual outcomes have been reported in children who are leukemia survivors. Although several studies have demonstrated that the interaction between gut microbiota changes and the brain plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of chemotherapy-induced brain injury, preexisting studies on the effect of MTX on gut microbiota changes focused on gastrointestinal toxicity only. Based on our previous studies, which revealed that MTX treatment resulted in inferior neurocognitive function in developing young rats, we built a young rat model mimicking MTX treatment in a child ALL protocol, trying to investigate the interactions between the gut and brain in response to MTX treatment. We found an association between gut microbiota changes and neurogenesis/repair processes in response to MTX treatment, which suggest that MTX treatment results in gut dysbiosis, which is considered to be related to MTX neurotoxicity through an alteration in gut-brain axis communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chieh Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Department of Traditional Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yao Hou
- Department of Seafood Science, College of Hydrosphere, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Hsin Hsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Li-Tung Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Cheng Hsiao
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Department of Traditional Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Jiunn-Ming Sheen
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Department of Traditional Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
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Liu P, Liu Z, Wang J, Wang J, Gao M, Zhang Y, Yang C, Zhang A, Li G, Li X, Liu S, Liu L, Sun N, Zhang K. Immunoregulatory role of the gut microbiota in inflammatory depression. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3003. [PMID: 38589368 PMCID: PMC11001948 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47273-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory depression is a treatment-resistant subtype of depression. A causal role of the gut microbiota as a source of low-grade inflammation remains unclear. Here, as part of an observational trial, we first analyze the gut microbiota composition in the stool, inflammatory factors and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in plasma, and inflammatory and permeability markers in the intestinal mucosa of patients with inflammatory depression (ChiCTR1900025175). Gut microbiota of patients with inflammatory depression exhibits higher Bacteroides and lower Clostridium, with an increase in SCFA-producing species with abnormal butanoate metabolism. We then perform fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and probiotic supplementation in animal experiments to determine the causal role of the gut microbiota in inflammatory depression. After FMT, the gut microbiota of the inflammatory depression group shows increased peripheral and central inflammatory factors and intestinal mucosal permeability in recipient mice with depressive and anxiety-like behaviors. Clostridium butyricum administration normalizes the gut microbiota, decreases inflammatory factors, and displays antidepressant-like effects in a mouse model of inflammatory depression. These findings suggest that inflammatory processes derived from the gut microbiota can be involved in neuroinflammation of inflammatory depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghong Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, PR China
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, PR China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence Assisted Diagnosis and Treatment for Mental Disorder, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, PR China
| | - Zhifen Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, PR China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence Assisted Diagnosis and Treatment for Mental Disorder, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (Shanxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, 030001, PR China
| | - Jizhi Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, PR China
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, PR China
| | - Junyan Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, PR China
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, PR China
| | - Mingxue Gao
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, PR China
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, PR China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, PR China
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, PR China
| | - Chunxia Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, PR China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence Assisted Diagnosis and Treatment for Mental Disorder, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, PR China
| | - Aixia Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, PR China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence Assisted Diagnosis and Treatment for Mental Disorder, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, PR China
| | - Gaizhi Li
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, PR China
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, PR China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence Assisted Diagnosis and Treatment for Mental Disorder, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, PR China
| | - Xinrong Li
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, PR China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence Assisted Diagnosis and Treatment for Mental Disorder, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, PR China
| | - Sha Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, PR China
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, PR China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence Assisted Diagnosis and Treatment for Mental Disorder, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, PR China
| | - Lixin Liu
- Experimental Center of Science and Research, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, PR China
| | - Ning Sun
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, PR China.
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, PR China.
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence Assisted Diagnosis and Treatment for Mental Disorder, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, PR China.
| | - Kerang Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, PR China.
- Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, PR China.
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence Assisted Diagnosis and Treatment for Mental Disorder, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, PR China.
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Barathan M, Ng SL, Lokanathan Y, Ng MH, Law JX. The Profound Influence of Gut Microbiome and Extracellular Vesicles on Animal Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4024. [PMID: 38612834 PMCID: PMC11012031 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The animal gut microbiota, comprising a diverse array of microorganisms, plays a pivotal role in shaping host health and physiology. This review explores the intricate dynamics of the gut microbiome in animals, focusing on its composition, function, and impact on host-microbe interactions. The composition of the intestinal microbiota in animals is influenced by the host ecology, including factors such as temperature, pH, oxygen levels, and nutrient availability, as well as genetic makeup, diet, habitat, stressors, and husbandry practices. Dysbiosis can lead to various gastrointestinal and immune-related issues in animals, impacting overall health and productivity. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), particularly exosomes derived from gut microbiota, play a crucial role in intercellular communication, influencing host health by transporting bioactive molecules across barriers like the intestinal and brain barriers. Dysregulation of the gut-brain axis has implications for various disorders in animals, highlighting the potential role of microbiota-derived EVs in disease progression. Therapeutic approaches to modulate gut microbiota, such as probiotics, prebiotics, microbial transplants, and phage therapy, offer promising strategies for enhancing animal health and performance. Studies investigating the effects of phage therapy on gut microbiota composition have shown promising results, with potential implications for improving animal health and food safety in poultry production systems. Understanding the complex interactions between host ecology, gut microbiota, and EVs provides valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying host-microbe interactions and their impact on animal health and productivity. Further research in this field is essential for developing effective therapeutic interventions and management strategies to promote gut health and overall well-being in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muttiah Barathan
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (Y.L.); (M.H.N.)
| | - Sook Luan Ng
- Department of Craniofacial Diagnostics and Biosciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia;
| | - Yogeswaran Lokanathan
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (Y.L.); (M.H.N.)
| | - Min Hwei Ng
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (Y.L.); (M.H.N.)
| | - Jia Xian Law
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (Y.L.); (M.H.N.)
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Palepu MSK, Gajula SNR, K M, Sonti R, Dandekar MP. SCFAs Supplementation Rescues Anxiety- and Depression-like Phenotypes Generated by Fecal Engraftment of Treatment-Resistant Depression Rats. ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:1010-1025. [PMID: 38382546 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Alteration of gut microbiota and microbial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) coexisted with stress-generated brain disorders, including depression. Herein, we investigated the effect of SCFAs in a treatment-resistant depression (TRD) model of rat. Rats were exposed to chronic-unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) and repeated adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) injections to generate a TRD-like phenotype. The cecal contents of these animals were engrafted into healthy-recipient rats and allowed to colonize for 4 weeks (TRD-FMT group). Blood, brain, colon, fecal, and cecal samples were collected for molecular studies. Rats exposed to CUMS + ACTH showed TRD-like phenotypes in sucrose-preference (SPT), forced swim (FST), and elevated plus maze (EPM) tests. The TRD-FMT group also exhibited anxiety- and depression-like behaviors. Administration of SCFAs (acetate, propionate, and butyrate at 67.5, 25, and 40 mM, respectively) for 7 days exerted robust antidepressant and antianxiety effects by restoring the levels of SCFAs in plasma and fecal samples, and proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6), serotonin, GABA, norepinephrine, and dopamine in the hippocampus and/or frontal cortex of TRD and TRD-FMT animals. SCFAs treatment elevated the expression of free-fatty acid receptors 2/3, BDNF, doublecortin, and zonula-occludens, and reduced the elevated plasma levels of kynurenine and quinolinic acid and increased mucus-producing goblet cells in TRD and TRD-FMT animals. In 16S sequencing results, decreased microbial diversity in TRD rats corresponds with differences in the genus of Faecalibacterium, Anaerostipes, Allobaculum, Blautia, Peptococcus, Rombustia, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-002, Solobacterium, Subdolibacterium, and Eubacterium ventriosum. SCFAs may impart beneficial effects via modulation of tryptophan metabolism, inflammation, neurotransmitters, and microbiota-gut-brain axis in TRD rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mani Surya Kumar Palepu
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Siva Nageswara Rao Gajula
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Malleshwari K
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
| | - Rajesh Sonti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Manoj P Dandekar
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Hyderabad, Telangana 500037, India
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Petakh P, Oksenych V, Kamyshna I, Boisak I, Lyubomirskaya K, Kamyshnyi O. Exploring the interplay between posttraumatic stress disorder, gut microbiota, and inflammatory biomarkers: a comprehensive meta-analysis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1349883. [PMID: 38410510 PMCID: PMC10895958 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1349883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is the most common mental health disorder to develop following exposure to trauma. Studies have reported conflicting results regarding changes in immune biomarkers and alterations in the abundance of bacterial taxa and microbial diversity in patients with PTSD. Aim The purpose of this meta-analysis is to summarize existing studies examining gut microbiota characteristics and changes in immune biomarkers in patients with PTSD. Methods Relevant studies were systematically searched in PubMed, Scopus, and Embase, published in English between January 1, 1960, and December 1, 2023. The outcomes included changes in abundance and diversity in gut microbiota (gut microbiota part) and changes in immune biomarkers (immune part). Results The meta-analysis included a total of 15 studies, with 9 focusing on changes in inflammatory biomarkers and 6 focusing on changes in gut microbiota composition in patients with PTSD. No differences were observed between groups for all inflammatory biomarkers (P≥0.05). Two of the six studies found that people with PTSD had less alpha diversity. However, the overall Standardized Mean Difference (SMD) for the Shannon Diversity Index was not significant (SMD 0.27, 95% CI -0.62-0.609, p = 0.110). Regarding changes in abundance, in two of the studies, a significant decrease in Lachnospiraceae bacteria was observed. Conclusion This meta-analysis provides a comprehensive overview of gut microbiota characteristics in PTSD, suggesting potential associations with immune dysregulation. Future research should address study limitations, explore causal relationships, and consider additional factors influencing immune function in individuals with PTSD. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk, identifier CRD42023476590.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlo Petakh
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Uzhhorod National University, Uzhhorod, Ukraine
- Department of Microbiology, Virology, and Immunology, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Valentyn Oksenych
- Broegelmann Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Iryna Kamyshna
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Iryna Boisak
- Department of Childhood Diseases, Uzhhorod National University, Uzhhorod, Ukraine
| | - Katerina Lyubomirskaya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zaporizhzhia State Medical and Pharmaceuticals University, Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr Kamyshnyi
- Department of Microbiology, Virology, and Immunology, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
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10
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Meckel KR, Simpson SS, Godino A, Peck EG, Sens JP, Leonard MZ, George O, Calipari ES, Hofford RS, Kiraly DD. Microbial short-chain fatty acids regulate drug seeking and transcriptional control in a model of cocaine seeking. Neuropsychopharmacology 2024; 49:386-395. [PMID: 37528220 PMCID: PMC10724273 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-023-01661-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Cocaine use disorder represents a public health crisis with no FDA-approved medications for its treatment. A growing body of research has detailed the important connections between the brain and the resident population of bacteria in the gut, the gut microbiome, in psychiatric disease models. Acute depletion of gut bacteria results in enhanced reward in a mouse cocaine place preference model, and repletion of bacterially-derived short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) metabolites reverses this effect. However, the role of the gut microbiome and its metabolites in modulating cocaine-seeking behavior after prolonged abstinence is unknown. Given that relapse prevention is the most clinically challenging issue in treating substance use disorders, studies examining the effects of microbiome manipulations in relapse-relevant models are critical. Here, male Sprague-Dawley rats received either untreated water or antibiotics to deplete the gut microbiome and its metabolites. Rats were trained to self-administer cocaine and subjected to either within-session threshold testing to evaluate motivation for cocaine or 21 days of abstinence followed by a cue-induced cocaine-seeking task to model relapse behavior. Microbiome depletion did not affect cocaine acquisition on an fixed-ratio 1 schedule. However, microbiome-depleted rats exhibited significantly enhanced motivation for low dose cocaine on a within-session threshold task. Similarly, microbiome depletion increased cue-induced cocaine-seeking following prolonged abstinence and altered transcriptional regulation in the nucleus accumbens. In the absence of a normal microbiome, repletion of bacterially-derived SCFA metabolites reversed the behavioral and transcriptional changes associated with microbiome depletion. These findings suggest that gut bacteria, via their metabolites, are key regulators of drug-seeking behaviors, positioning the microbiome as a potential translational research target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine R Meckel
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Biology, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, PA, 19081, USA
| | - Sierra S Simpson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Arthur Godino
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Emily G Peck
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Atrium Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA
| | - Jonathon P Sens
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Atrium Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA
| | - Michael Z Leonard
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Olivier George
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Erin S Calipari
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, 865F Light Hall, 2215 Garland Avenue, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Addiction Research, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Rebecca S Hofford
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Atrium Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Drew D Kiraly
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Atrium Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Atrium Wake Forest Baptist Health, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA.
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11
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Singh A. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor - a key player in the gastrointestinal system. PRZEGLAD GASTROENTEROLOGICZNY 2023; 18:380-392. [PMID: 38572454 PMCID: PMC10985741 DOI: 10.5114/pg.2023.132957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is highly expressed throughout the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and plays a critical role in the regulation of intestinal motility, secretion, sensation, immunity, and mucosal integrity. Dysregulation of BDNF signalling has been implicated in the pathophysiology of various GI disorders including inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, functional dyspepsia, and diabetic gastroenteropathy. This review provides a comprehensive overview of BDNF localization, synthesis, receptors, and signalling mechanisms in the gut. In addition, current evidence on the diverse physiologic and pathophysiologic roles of BDNF in the control of intestinal peristalsis, mucosal transport processes, visceral sensation, neuroimmune interactions, gastrointestinal mucosal healing, and enteric nervous system homeostasis are discussed. Finally, the therapeutic potential of targeting BDNF for the treatment of functional GI diseases is explored. Advancing knowledge of BDNF biology and mechanisms of action may lead to new therapies based on harnessing the gut trophic effects of this neurotrophin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Singh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
- Molecular Pharmacology Program and Chemistry, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, United States
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12
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Mepham J, Nelles-McGee T, Andrews K, Gonzalez A. Exploring the effect of prenatal maternal stress on the microbiomes of mothers and infants: A systematic review. Dev Psychobiol 2023; 65:e22424. [PMID: 37860905 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal maternal stress (PNMS)-characterized by exposure to stress, anxiety, depression, or intimate partner violence-has been linked to biological alterations in infants, including disruptions to their intestinal microbiota, which have long-term implications for children's developmental outcomes. Significant research has been done examining the effects of PNMS on the microbiome in animals, but less is known about these effects in human research. The current systematic review aimed to synthesize current findings on the association between PNMS and mother and infant microbiomes. Medline, Embase, PsycInfo, Web of Science, and Eric databases were searched through to February 2022. A total of eight studies (n = 2219 infants, 2202 mothers) were included in the qualitative synthesis. Findings provided promising evidence of the role that PNMS plays in altering the microbial composition, diversity, and gut immunity in mothers and infants. Notably, majority of included studies found that higher PNMS was linked to increases in genera from the phylum Proteobacteria. The factors influencing these effects are explored including nutrition, birth mode, and parenting behaviors. Potential interventions to mitigate the adverse effects of PNMS are discussed, along with recommendations for future studies with longitudinal designs to better understand the appropriate type and timing of interventions needed to promote "healthy" maternal and infant microbial functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Mepham
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Taylor Nelles-McGee
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Krysta Andrews
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrea Gonzalez
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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13
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Zhang S, Lu B, Wang G. The role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis and treatment of postpartum depression. Ann Gen Psychiatry 2023; 22:36. [PMID: 37759312 PMCID: PMC10523734 DOI: 10.1186/s12991-023-00469-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Postpartum depression (PPD) is a common complication of pregnancy in women, and its pathogenesis mainly involves disturbances of the neuroendocrine regulation, immune system, neurotransmitters, hormone secretion, and the gut microbiome. Gut microbes play essential physiological and pathological roles in the gut-brain axis' pathways which are involved in various central nervous system (CNS) and psychiatric disorders, including PPD. Numerous studies have identified the fundamental role of the gut-brain axis in the pathogenesis and treatment of PPD patients and also correlates with other pathogenic mechanisms of PPD. Disturbances in gut microbes are associated with the disruption of multiple signaling pathways and systems that ultimately lead to PPD development. This review aimed to elucidate the potential connections between gut microbes and the established PPD network, and this might serve as a guide for the development of new efficient diagnostic, therapeutic, and prognostic strategies in the management of PPD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Baili Lu
- Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Wuhan Mental Health Center, Wuhan, China.
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14
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Shi H, Chen M, Zheng C, Yinglin B, Zhu B. Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Alleviated Paclitaxel-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy by Interfering with Astrocytes and TLR4/p38MAPK Pathway in Rats. J Pain Res 2023; 16:2419-2432. [PMID: 37483406 PMCID: PMC10361291 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s415642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy (PIPN) constitutes a refractory and progressive adverse consequence of paclitaxel treatment, causing pain and sensory anomalies in cancer survivors. Although the gut-brain axis is involved in multiple disorders including cancer, its impact on peripheral pain conditions remains elusive. Thus, we assessed the importance of gut microbiota and related mechanisms in PIPN. Methods By implementing fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in a rat PIPN model (ie, rats treated with paclitaxel; hereafter as PIPN rats), we explored the effect of gut microbiota on PIPN rats using multiple methods, including different behavioral tests, 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequencing, and biochemical techniques. Results Sequencing of 16S rDNA revealed that the abundance of genera Bacteroides and UCG-005 increased, while that of genera Turicibacter, Clostridium sensu stricto 1 and Corynebacterium decreased in the PIPN rats. However, when treated with FMT using fecal from normal rats, the mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in PIPN rats were significantly alleviated. In addition, FMT treatment reduced the expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), phospho-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p-p38MAPK), and the astrocytic marker glial fibrillary acidic protein in the colon and spinal dorsal horn. TAK242 (a TLR4 inhibitor) significantly alleviated the behavioral hypersensitivity of PIPN rats and inhibited the TLR4/p38MAPK pathway in astrocytes in these rats. Conclusion The gut microbiota played a critical role in PIPN. Future therapies treating PIPN should consider microbe-based treatment as an option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibin Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, the Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Minmin Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hangzhou Women’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Caihong Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hangzhou Women’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bian Yinglin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hangzhou Women’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hangzhou Women’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China
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15
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Liao X, Chen M, Li Y. The glial perspective of autism spectrum disorder convergent evidence from postmortem brain and PET studies. Front Neuroendocrinol 2023; 70:101064. [PMID: 36889545 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2023.101064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to systematically and quantitatively review evidence derived from both postmortem brain and PET studies to explore the pathological role of glia induced neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of ASD, and discuss the implications of these findings in relation to disease pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies. METHOD An online databases search was performed to collate postmortem studies and PET studies regarding glia induced neuroinflammation in ASD as compared to controls. Two authors independently conducted the literature search, study selection and data extraction. The discrepancies generated in these processes was resolved through robust discussions among all authors. RESULT The literature search yielded the identification of 619 records, from which 22 postmortem studies and 3 PET studies were identified as eligible for the qualitative synthesis. Meta-analysis of postmortem studies reported increased microglial number and microglia density as well as increased GFAP protein expression and GFAP mRNA expression in ASD subjects as compared to controls. Three PET studies produced different outcomes and emphasized different details, with one reported increased and two reported decreased TSPO expression in ASD subjects as compared to controls. CONCLUSION Both postmortem evidences and PET studies converged to support the involvement of glia induced neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of ASD. The limited number of included studies along with the considerable heterogeneity of these studies prevented the development of firm conclusions and challenged the explanation of variability. Future research should prioritize the replication of current studies and the validation of current observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Liao
- Xiangya Nursing School, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Miao Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yamin Li
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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16
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Bester A, O'Brien M, Cotter PD, Dam S, Civai C. Shotgun Metagenomic Sequencing Revealed the Prebiotic Potential of a Fruit Juice Drink with Fermentable Fibres in Healthy Humans. Foods 2023; 12:2480. [PMID: 37444219 DOI: 10.3390/foods12132480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibre-based dietary interventions are at the forefront of gut microbiome modulation research, with a wealth of 16S rRNA information to demonstrate the prebiotic effects of isolated fibres. However, there is a distinct lack of data relating to the effect of a combination of soluble and insoluble fibres in a convenient-to-consume fruit juice food matrix on gut microbiota structure, diversity, and function. Here, we aimed to determine the impact of the MOJU Prebiotic Shot, an apple, lemon, ginger, and raspberry fruit juice drink blend containing chicory inulin, baobab, golden kiwi, and green banana powders, on gut microbiota structure and function. Healthy adults (n = 20) were included in a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study, receiving 60 mL MOJU Prebiotic Shot or placebo (without the fibre mix) for 3 weeks with a 3-week washout period between interventions. Shotgun metagenomics revealed significant between-group differences in alpha and beta diversity. In addition, the relative abundance of the phyla Actinobacteria and Desulfobacteria was significantly increased as a result of the prebiotic intervention. Nine species were observed to be differentially abundant (uncorrected p-value of <0.05) as a result of the prebiotic treatment. Of these, Bifidobacterium adolescentis and CAG-81 sp900066785 (Lachnospiraceae) were present at increased abundance relative to baseline. Additionally, KEGG analysis showed an increased abundance in pathways associated with arginine biosynthesis and phenylacetate degradation during the prebiotic treatment. Our results show the effects of the daily consumption of 60 mL MOJU Prebiotic Shot for 3 weeks and provide insight into the functional potential of B. adolescentis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adri Bester
- London Agri Food Innovation Clinic (LAFIC), School of Applied Sciences, London South Bank University, London SE1 0AA, UK
| | | | | | | | - Claudia Civai
- London Agri Food Innovation Clinic (LAFIC), School of Applied Sciences, London South Bank University, London SE1 0AA, UK
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17
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Buey B, Forcén A, Grasa L, Layunta E, Mesonero JE, Latorre E. Gut Microbiota-Derived Short-Chain Fatty Acids: Novel Regulators of Intestinal Serotonin Transporter. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13051085. [PMID: 37240731 DOI: 10.3390/life13051085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Serotonin (5-HT) is a key neurotransmitter synthesized both in the gut and the central nervous system. It exerts its signaling through specific receptors (5-HTR), which regulate numerous behaviors and functions such as mood, cognitive function, platelet aggregation, gastrointestinal motility, and inflammation. Serotonin activity is determined mainly by the extracellular availability of 5-HT, which is controlled by the serotonin transporter (SERT). Recent studies indicate that, by activation of innate immunity receptors, gut microbiota can modulate serotonergic signaling by SERT modulation. As part of its function, gut microbiota metabolize nutrients from diet to produce different by-products, including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs): propionate, acetate, and butyrate. However, it is not known whether these SCFAs regulate the serotonergic system. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of SCFAs on the gastrointestinal serotonergic system using the Caco-2/TC7 cell line that expresses SERT and several receptors constitutively. Cells were treated with different SCFAs concentrations, and SERT function and expression were evaluated. In addition, the expression of 5-HT receptors 1A, 2A, 2B, 3A, 4, and 7 was also studied. Our results show that the microbiota-derived SCFAs regulate intestinal serotonergic system, both individually and in combination, modulating the function and expression of SERT and the 5-HT1A, 5-HT2B, and 5-HT7 receptors expression. Our data highlight the role of gut microbiota in the modulation of intestinal homeostasis and suggest microbiome modulation as a potential therapeutic treatment for intestinal pathologies and neuropsychiatric disorders involving serotonin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berta Buey
- Departamento de Farmacología, Fisiología y Medicina Legal y Forense, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana Forcén
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Laura Grasa
- Departamento de Farmacología, Fisiología y Medicina Legal y Forense, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Elena Layunta
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jose Emilio Mesonero
- Departamento de Farmacología, Fisiología y Medicina Legal y Forense, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Eva Latorre
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, Universidad de Zaragoza-CITA, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
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18
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Tejkalová H, Jakob L, Kvasnová S, Klaschka J, Sechovcová H, Mrázek J, Páleníček T, Fliegerová KO. The influence of antibiotic treatment on the behavior and gut microbiome of adult rats neonatally insulted with lipopolysaccharide. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15417. [PMID: 37123951 PMCID: PMC10130227 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated whether neonatal exposure to the proinflammatory endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) followed by an antibiotic (ATB)-induced dysbiosis in early adulthood could induce neurodevelopmental disorders-like behavioral changes in adult male rats. Combining these two stressors resulted in decreased weight gain, but no significant behavioral abnormalities were observed. LPS treatment resulted in adult rats' hypoactivity and induced anxiety-like behavior in the social recognition paradigm, but these behavioral changes were not exacerbated by ATB-induced gut dysbiosis. ATB treatment seriously disrupted the gut bacterial community, but dysbiosis did not affect locomotor activity, social recognition, and acoustic reactivity in adult rats. Fecal bacterial community analyses showed no differences between the LPS challenge exposed/unexposed rats, while the effect of ATB administration was decisive regardless of prior LPS exposure. ATB treatment resulted in significantly decreased bacterial diversity, suppression of Clostridiales and Bacteroidales, and increases in Lactobacillales, Enterobacteriales, and Burkholderiales. The persistent effect of LPS on some aspects of behavior suggests a long-term effect of early toxin exposure that was not observed in ATB-treated animals. However, an anti-inflammatory protective effect of ATB cannot be assumed because of the increased abundance of pro-inflammatory, potentially pathogenic bacteria (Proteus, Suttrella) and the elimination of the bacterial families Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae, which are generally considered beneficial for gut health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Tejkalová
- National Institute of Mental Health; Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - Lea Jakob
- National Institute of Mental Health; Klecany, Czech Republic
- 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Czech Republic
- Corresponding author. National Institute of Mental Health, Topolova 748, 250 67 Klecany, Czech Republic,
| | - Simona Kvasnová
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Klaschka
- Institute of Computer Science of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Sechovcová
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic
- Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Mrázek
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Páleníček
- National Institute of Mental Health; Klecany, Czech Republic
- 3rd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Czech Republic
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19
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Kasarello K, Cudnoch-Jedrzejewska A, Czarzasta K. Communication of gut microbiota and brain via immune and neuroendocrine signaling. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1118529. [PMID: 36760508 PMCID: PMC9907780 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1118529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract of the human is inhabited by about 5 × 1013 bacteria (of about 1,000 species) as well as archaea, fungi, and viruses. Gut microbiota is known to influence the host organism, but the host may also affect the functioning of the microbiota. This bidirectional cooperation occurs in three main inter-organ signaling: immune, neural, and endocrine. Immune communication relies mostly on the cytokines released by the immune cells into circulation. Also, pathogen-associated or damage-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs or DAMPs) may enter circulation and affect the functioning of the internal organs and gut microbiota. Neural communication relies mostly on the direct anatomical connections made by the vagus nerve, or indirect connections via the enteric nervous system. The third pathway, endocrine communication, is the broadest one and includes the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. This review focuses on presenting the latest data on the role of the gut microbiota in inter-organ communication with particular emphasis on the role of neurotransmitters (catecholamines, serotonin, gamma-aminobutyric acid), intestinal peptides (cholecystokinin, peptide YY, and glucagon-like peptide 1), and bacterial metabolites (short-chain fatty acids).
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20
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Nuccio DA, Normann MC, Zhou H, Grippo AJ, Singh P. Microbiome and Metabolome Variation as Indicator of Social Stress in Female Prairie Voles. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:1677. [PMID: 36675193 PMCID: PMC9861106 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Social isolation is detrimental to the health of social mammals inducing neurochemical and hormonal changes related to depression and anxiety, as well as impairments of cardiovascular and immune functioning. Likewise, perceptions of loneliness are increasingly recognized as detrimental to human psychological well-being, cognitive functioning, and physical health. Few studies, however, have examined the impact of social isolation on the intestinal microbiome and metabolome. To better understand the impact of social isolation on these systems, intestinal microbiota, and the systemic impact via the gut-brain axis, we employed prairie voles. Physiological stress on female prairie voles (n = 22) either with a same-sex sibling (n = 11) or in isolation (n = 11) for four weeks demonstrated behavioral indicators of increased anxiety and depression in isolated voles (p ≤ 0.01). Bacterial DNA from fecal and colon samples, collected at five time points (T0-4), were sequenced for all nine hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene. Microbiome analyses revealed several differences in gut communities of paired and isolated voles with greater differences at T4. Notably, several taxa associated with host health including Anaerostipes and Lactobacillaceae were more prevalent in paired voles, whereas several taxa associated with known pathogens (e.g., Staphylococcaceae and Enterococcus) or disease were elevated in isolated animals. Similarly, metabolome analyses suggested isolated voles, when compared to paired animals, exhibited differences in metabolites associated with diabetes and colitis. These findings further contribute to our understanding of the harmful effects of social isolation, which cause perturbations in the gut microbiome and serum metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A. Nuccio
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, Dekalb, IL 60115, USA
| | - Marigny C. Normann
- Department of Psychology, Northern Illinois University, Dekalb, IL 60115, USA
| | - Haiming Zhou
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Sciences, Northern Illinois University, Dekalb, IL 60115, USA
| | - Angela J. Grippo
- Department of Psychology, Northern Illinois University, Dekalb, IL 60115, USA
| | - Pallavi Singh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, Dekalb, IL 60115, USA
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21
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Peñalver Bernabé B, Maki PM, Cunningham JL, Eisenlohr-Moul T, Tussing-Humphreys L, Carroll IM, Meltzer-Brody S, Gilbert JA, Kimmel M. Interactions between perceived stress and microbial-host immune components: two demographically and geographically distinct pregnancy cohorts. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:3. [PMID: 36609477 PMCID: PMC9822983 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02276-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Higher stress during pregnancy associates with negative outcomes and elevated inflammation. The gut microbiota, reflecting environment and social interactions, alongside host immune responses have the potential to better understand perceived stress and identify when stress is excessive in pregnancy. Two U.S. cohorts of 84 pregnant individuals, composed of urban women of color and suburban white women, completed the Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10) and provided fecal and blood samples at two time points. Confirmatory Factor Analysis assessed the robustness of a two-factor PSS-10 model (Emotional Distress/ED and Self-Efficacy/SE). Gut microbiota composition was measured by 16 S rRNA amplicon sequencing and the immune system activity was assessed with a panel of 21 T-cell related cytokines and chemokines. ED levels were higher in the suburban compared to the urban cohort, but levels of SE were similar. ED and SE levels were associated with distinct taxonomical signatures and the gut microbiota data improved the prediction of SE levels compared with models based on socio-demographic characteristics alone. Integration of self-reported symptoms, microbial and immune information revealed a possible mediation effect of Bacteroides uniformis between the immune system (through CXCL11) and SE. The study identified links between distinct taxonomical and immunological signatures with perceived stress. The data are congruent with a model where gut microbiome and immune factors, both impacting and reflecting factors such as close social relationships and dietary fiber, may modulate neural plasticity resulting in increased SE during pregnancy. The predictive value of these peripheral markers merit further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Peñalver Bernabé
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering and Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA. .,Center of Bioinformatics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Pauline M. Maki
- grid.185648.60000 0001 2175 0319Department of Psychology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL USA ,grid.185648.60000 0001 2175 0319Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL USA ,grid.185648.60000 0001 2175 0319Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Janet L. Cunningham
- grid.8993.b0000 0004 1936 9457Department of Medical Sciences, Psychiatry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tory Eisenlohr-Moul
- grid.185648.60000 0001 2175 0319Department of Psychology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL USA ,grid.185648.60000 0001 2175 0319Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Lisa Tussing-Humphreys
- grid.185648.60000 0001 2175 0319Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Ian M. Carroll
- grid.410711.20000 0001 1034 1720Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Samantha Meltzer-Brody
- grid.410711.20000 0001 1034 1720Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Jack A. Gilbert
- grid.266100.30000 0001 2107 4242Department of Pediatrics and Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Mary Kimmel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. .,Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
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22
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Malan-Müller S, Valles-Colomer M, Palomo T, Leza JC. The gut-microbiota-brain axis in a Spanish population in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic: microbiota composition linked to anxiety, trauma, and depression profiles. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2162306. [PMID: 36651663 PMCID: PMC9851210 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2162306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of anxiety and depression soared following the COVID-19 pandemic. To effectively treat these conditions, a comprehensive understanding of all etiological factors is needed. This study investigated fecal microbial features associated with mental health outcomes (symptoms of anxiety, depression, or posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)) in a Spanish cohort in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic. Microbial communities from stool samples were profiled in 198 individuals who completed validated, self-report questionnaires. 16S ribosomal RNA gene V3-4 amplicon sequencing was performed. Microbial diversity and community structure were analyzed, together with relative taxonomic abundance. In our cohort of N=198, 17.17% reported depressive symptoms, 37.37% state anxiety symptoms, 40.90% trait anxiety symptoms, and 8.08% PTSD symptoms, with high levels of comorbidity. Individuals with trait anxiety had lower Simpson's diversity. Fusicatenibacter saccharivorans was reduced in individuals with comorbid PTSD + depression + state and trait anxiety symptoms, whilst an expansion of Proteobacteria and depletion of Synergistetes phyla were noted in individuals with depressive symptoms. The relative abundance of Anaerostipes was positively correlated with childhood trauma, and higher levels of Turicibacter sanguinis and lower levels of Lentisphaerae were found in individuals who experienced life-threatening traumas. COVID-19 infection and vaccination influenced the overall microbial composition and were associated with distinct relative taxonomic abundance profiles. These findings will help lay the foundation for future studies to identify microbial role players in symptoms of anxiety, depression, and PTSD and provide future therapeutic targets to improve mental health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Malan-Müller
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University Complutense Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Center of Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Neurochemistry Research Institute UCM, Hospital 12 de Octubre Research Institute (Imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mireia Valles-Colomer
- Department of Cellular Computational and Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Tomás Palomo
- Biomedical Network Research Center of Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Neurochemistry Research Institute UCM, Hospital 12 de Octubre Research Institute (Imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan C. Leza
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University Complutense Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Center of Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Neurochemistry Research Institute UCM, Hospital 12 de Octubre Research Institute (Imas12), Madrid, Spain
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23
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Yang D, Wang Z, Chen Y, Guo Q, Dong Y. Interactions between gut microbes and NLRP3 inflammasome in the gut-brain axis. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:2215-2227. [PMID: 37035548 PMCID: PMC10074411 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of the gut-brain axis in maintaining the brain's and gut's homeostasis has been gradually recognized in recent years. The connection between the gut and the brain takes center stage. In this scenario, the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome promotes inflammatory cell recruitment. It plays a crucial role in coordinating host physiology and immunity. Recent evidence shows how vital the gut-brain axis is for maintaining brain and gut homeostasis. However, more research is needed to determine the precise causal link between changed gut microbiota structure and NLRP3 activation in pathogenic circumstances. This review examines the connection between gut microbiota and the NLRP3 inflammasome. We describe how both dynamically vary in clinical cases and the external factors affecting both. Finally, we suggest that the crosstalk between the gut microbiota and NLRP3 is involved in signaling in the gut-brain axis, which may be a potential pathological mechanism for CNS diseases and intestinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zixu Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yaoxing Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qingyun Guo
- Milu conservation research unit, Beijing Milu Ecological Research Center, Beijing 100163, China
| | - Yulan Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Corresponding author.
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24
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Xu Y, Yang Y, Li B, Xie Y, Shi Y, Le G. Dietary methionine restriction improves gut microbiota composition and prevents cognitive impairment in D-galactose-induced aging mice. Food Funct 2022; 13:12896-12914. [PMID: 36444912 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo03366f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Dietary methionine restriction (MR) has been shown to delay aging and ameliorate age-related cognitive impairments. We hypothesized that changes in the gut microbiota may mediate these effects. To test this hypothesis, ICR mice subcutaneously injected with 150 mg kg-1 day-1D-galactose were fed a normal (0.86% methionine) or an MR (0.17% methionine) diet for 2 months. Multiple behavioral experiments were performed, and the gut microbiota composition, metabolite profiles related to short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in the feces, and indicators related to the redox and inflammatory states in the hippocampus were further analyzed. Our results indicated that MR alleviated cognitive impairment (including non-spatial memory deficits, working memory deficits, and hippocampus-dependent spatial memory deficits) and anxiety-like behavior in D-Gal-induced aging mice. Furthermore, MR increased the abundance of putative SCFA-producing bacteria such as Lachnospiraceae, Turicibacter, Roseburia, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014, Intestinimonas, Rikenellaceae, Tyzzerella, and H2S-producing bacteria such as Desulfovibrio in feces. Moreover, MR reversed and normalized the levels of intestinal SCFAs (acetate, propionate, and butyrate) and important intermediate metabolites of the SCFAs (pyruvate, lactate, malate, fumarate, and succinate), abolished aging-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, increased the levels of H2S in the plasma and hippocampus, and selectively modulated the expression of multiple learning- and memory-related genes in the hippocampus. These findings suggest that MR improved the gut microbiota composition and SCFA production and alleviated oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in the hippocampus, which might prevent cognitive impairment in D-galactose-induced aging mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuncong Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory/Key Laboratory of Henan Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Yuhui Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory/Key Laboratory of Henan Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China.
| | - Bowen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Yanli Xie
- National Engineering Laboratory/Key Laboratory of Henan Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, China.
| | - Yonghui Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
| | - Guowei Le
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China
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25
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Simpson JB, Redinbo MR. Multi-omic analysis of host-microbial interactions central to the gut-brain axis. Mol Omics 2022; 18:896-907. [PMID: 36169030 DOI: 10.1039/d2mo00205a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota impact numerous aspects of human physiology, including the central nervous system (CNS). Emerging work is now focusing on the microbial factors underlying the bi-directional communication network linking host and microbial systems within the gastrointestinal tract to the CNS, the "gut-brain axis". Neurotransmitters are key coordinators of this network, and their dysregulation has been linked to numerous neurological disease states. As the bioavailability of neurotransmitters is modified by gut microbes, it is critical to unravel the influence of the microbiota on neurotransmitters in the context of the gut-brain axis. Here we review foundational studies that defined molecular relationships between the microbiota, neurotransmitters, and the gut-brain axis. We examine links between the gut microbiome, behavior, and neurological diseases, as well as microbial influences on neurotransmitter bioavailability and physiology. Finally, we review multi-omics technologies uniquely applicable to this area, including high-throughput genetics, modern metabolomics, structure-guided metagenomics, targeted proteomics, and chemogenetics. Interdisciplinary studies will continue to drive the discovery of molecular mechanisms linking the gut microbiota to clinical manifestations of neurobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua B Simpson
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Matthew R Redinbo
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Department of Microbiology & Immunology, and the Integrated Program in Biological & Genome Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA.
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26
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Lockwood MB, Fischer MJ, Silva K, Contreras BN, Zamora G, Goldstein A, Meinel M, Holden C, Lash J, Steffens A, Doorenbos A. Acceptability and feasibility of fecal microBIOME and serum metabolite sample collection in people with end-stage kidney disease and pain being treated with HemoDialysis: A pilot study (BIOME-HDp). Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2022; 29:100995. [PMID: 36105265 PMCID: PMC9464895 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2022.100995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pain is known to reduce hemodialysis treatment adherence, reduce quality of life, and increase mortality. The absence of effective strategies to treat pain without medications has contributed to poor health outcomes for people with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) on hemodialysis. It is now recognized that symbiotic microbiota in the gut play a critical role in health and disease, and new evidence sheds light on the role of the microbiome in chronic pain. The pilot study protocol presented here (BIOME-HDp) employs a longitudinal repeated measures design to interrogate the effects of a nonpharmacological pain intervention on the composition and function of the gut microbiome and circulating metabolites. This pilot study is an ancillary study of the HOPE Consortium Trial to reduce pain and opioid use in hemodialysis, which is part of the NIH's Helping to End Addiction Long-term (HEAL) initiative. The BIOME-HDp pilot study will establish clinical microbiome research methods and determine the acceptability and feasibility of fecal microbiome and serum metabolite sample collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark B. Lockwood
- Department of Behavioral Nursing Science, College of Nursing, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michael J. Fischer
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences Center, Medical Service, Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Center of Innovation for Complex Chronic Health Care, Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kimberly Silva
- College of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Blanca N. Contreras
- College of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Guillermo Zamora
- College of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Amanda Goldstein
- College of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Monya Meinel
- College of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Christopher Holden
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois College of Medicine, UI Health, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - James Lash
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alana Steffens
- Department of Population Health Nursing Science, College of Nursing, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ardith Doorenbos
- Department of Biobehavioral Nursing Science, College of Nursing, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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27
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Canibe N, Højberg O, Kongsted H, Vodolazska D, Lauridsen C, Nielsen TS, Schönherz AA. Review on Preventive Measures to Reduce Post-Weaning Diarrhoea in Piglets. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:2585. [PMID: 36230326 PMCID: PMC9558551 DOI: 10.3390/ani12192585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In many countries, medical levels of zinc (typically as zinc oxide) are added to piglet diets in the first two weeks post-weaning to prevent the development of post-weaning diarrhoea (PWD). However, high levels of zinc constitute an environmental polluting agent, and may contribute to the development and/or maintenance of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among bacteria. Consequently, the EU banned administering medical levels of zinc in pig diets as of June 2022. However, this may result in an increased use of antibiotic therapeutics to combat PWD and thereby an increased risk of further AMR development. The search for alternative measures against PWD with a minimum use of antibiotics and in the absence of medical levels of zinc has therefore been intensified over recent years, and feed-related measures, including feed ingredients, feed additives, and feeding strategies, are being intensively investigated. Furthermore, management strategies have been developed and are undoubtedly relevant; however, these will not be addressed in this review. Here, feed measures (and vaccines) are addressed, these being probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, postbiotics, proteobiotics, plants and plant extracts (in particular essential oils and tannins), macroalgae (particularly macroalgae-derived polysaccharides), dietary fibre, antimicrobial peptides, specific amino acids, dietary fatty acids, milk replacers, milk components, creep feed, vaccines, bacteriophages, and single-domain antibodies (nanobodies). The list covers measures with a rather long history and others that require significant development before their eventual use can be extended. To assess the potential of feed-related measures in combating PWD, the literature reviewed here has focused on studies reporting parameters of PWD (i.e., faeces score and/or faeces dry matter content during the first two weeks post-weaning). Although the impact on PWD (or related parameters) of the investigated measures may often be inconsistent, many studies do report positive effects. However, several studies have shown that control pigs do not suffer from diarrhoea, making it difficult to evaluate the biological and practical relevance of these improvements. From the reviewed literature, it is not possible to rank the efficacy of the various measures, and the efficacy most probably depends on a range of factors related to animal genetics and health status, additive doses used, composition of the feed, etc. We conclude that a combination of various measures is probably most recommendable in most situations. However, in this respect, it should be considered that combining strategies may lead to additive (e.g., synbiotics), synergistic (e.g., plant materials), or antagonistic (e.g., algae compounds) effects, requiring detailed knowledge on the modes of action in order to design effective strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Canibe
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
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28
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Survival and Interplay of γ-Aminobutyric Acid-Producing Psychobiotic Candidates with the Gut Microbiota in a Continuous Model of the Human Colon. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11091311. [PMID: 36138790 PMCID: PMC9495918 DOI: 10.3390/biology11091311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Appreciable evidence suggests that gut microbiota interact with the brain and play a key role in the pathogenesis of mental illnesses. Psychobiotics are beneficial bacteria (probiotics) or support for such bacteria (prebiotics) that can positively modulate microbiota–gut–brain interactions. Several trials suggest probiotics are involved in normalizing brain processes related to stress responses and mood improvements. Here, we studied the growth and competitiveness of recently identified GABA-producing psychobiotic candidates in a continuous model of the human colon. In summary, supplementation with these probiotic candidates positively modulated the gut microbiome composition and metabolism, suggesting their suitability for gut health-promoting applications. Abstract Over decades, probiotic research has focused on their benefits to gut health. Recently, the gut microbiota has been proven to share bidirectional connections with the brain through the gut–brain axis. Therefore, the manipulation of this axis via probiotics has garnered interest. We have recently isolated and characterized in vitro probiotic candidates producing γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a major neuromodulator of the enteric nervous system. This study investigates the growth and competitiveness of selected GABA-producing probiotic candidates (Bifidobacterium animalis, Streptococcus thermophilus, and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus) in the presence of human gut microbiota ex vivo in a model mimicking physiological and microbiological conditions of the human proximal colon. Supplementation with GABA-producing probiotic candidates did not affect the overall gut microbiota diversity over 48 h of treatment. However, these candidates modulated the microbiota composition, especially by increasing the Bacteroidetes population, a key gut microbe associated with anti-inflammatory activities. The level of microbiota-generated SCFAs within 12 h of treatment was also increased, compared to the control group. Results from this study demonstrate the probiotic potential of the tested GABA-producing bacteria and their impact on gut microbiota structure and metabolism, suggesting their suitability for gut health-promoting applications.
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29
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Liang H, Ze X, Wang S, Wang Y, Peng C, Cheng R, Jiang F, Wu S, He R, He F, Zhang X, Shen X. Potential Health-Promoting Effects of Two Candidate Probiotics Isolated from Infant Feces Using an Immune-Based Screening Strategy. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173651. [PMID: 36079908 PMCID: PMC9459954 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Commensal microorganisms in the human gut are a good source of candidate probiotics, particularly those with immunomodulatory effects that may improve health outcomes by regulating interactions between the gut microbiome and distal organs. Previously, we used an immune-based screening strategy to select two potential probiotic strains from infant feces in China, Bifidobacterium breve 207-1 (207-1) and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei 207-27 (207-27). In this study, the in vitro immunological effects and potential in vivo general health benefits of these two strains were evaluated using Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) as the control. The results showed that 207-1 and 207-27 significantly and differentially modulated the cytokine profiles of primary splenic cells, while did not induce abnormal systemic immune responses in healthy mice. They also modulated the gut microbiota composition in a strain-dependent manner, thus decreasing Gram-negative bacteria and increasing health-promoting taxa and short-chain fatty acid levels, particularly butyric acid. Conclusively, 207-1 and 207-27 shaped a robust gut environment in healthy mice in a strain-specific manner. Their potential immunomodulatory effects and other elite properties will be further explored using animal models of disease and subsequent clinical trials. This immune-based screening strategy is promising in efficiently and economically identifying elite candidate probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijing Liang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiaolei Ze
- BYHEALTH Institute of Nutrition & Health, Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - Silu Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yimei Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Chenrui Peng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ruyue Cheng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Fengling Jiang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Department of Infectious Disease Prevention, Sichuan Tianfu New Area Public Health Center, Chengdu 610213, China
| | - Simou Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ruikun He
- BYHEALTH Institute of Nutrition & Health, Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - Fang He
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xuguang Zhang
- BYHEALTH Institute of Nutrition & Health, Guangzhou 510663, China
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (X.S.); Tel.: +86-188-2628-0119 (X.Z.); +86-152-0821-3847 (X.S.)
| | - Xi Shen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Correspondence: (X.Z.); (X.S.); Tel.: +86-188-2628-0119 (X.Z.); +86-152-0821-3847 (X.S.)
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30
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Zou J, Shang W, Yang L, Liu T, Wang L, Li X, Zhao J, Rao X, Gao J, Fan X. Microglia activation in the mPFC mediates anxiety-like behaviors caused by Staphylococcus aureus strain USA300. Brain Behav 2022; 12:e2715. [PMID: 35977050 PMCID: PMC9480961 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is considered as one of the major causative agents of serious hospital- and community-acquired infections. Recent studies have reported that S. aureus infection induced neuroinflammation and was linked with some mental disorders. To evaluate the effects of S. aureus infection on abnormal behaviors, we conducted the present study. METHODS A S. aureus USA300-infected mouse model was established using bacterial suspension injection into tail vein. A series of behavioral tests were performed after USA300 infection. The expression of cytokines was detected in serum and mPFC. The number and some morphological parameters of microglia were also evaluated by immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS Anxiety-like behaviors, instead of locomotor activity impairment or depression-like behaviors, were observed in mice infected with S. aureus USA300 compared with control. S. aureus USA300 infection caused overexpression of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β in serum, resulted in microglial over-activation and excessive release of proinflammatory cytokines in the mPFC. In addition, overexpression of TLR2 accompanied by increased GLS1 and p-STAT3 was observed in the mPFC of mice infected with S. aureus USA300. CONCLUSION This study provides evidence that S. aureus USA300 infection can lead to neuroinflammation in the mPFC of mice, which may contribute to the development of anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Zou
- Department of Military Cognitive Psychology, School of Psychology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Weilong Shang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering under the Educational Committee in Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Military Cognitive Psychology, School of Psychology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Tianyao Liu
- Department of Military Cognitive Psychology, School of Psychology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Lian Wang
- Department of Military Cognitive Psychology, School of Psychology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Military Cognitive Psychology, School of Psychology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jinghui Zhao
- Department of Military Cognitive Psychology, School of Psychology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xiancai Rao
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Key Laboratory of Microbial Engineering under the Educational Committee in Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Junwei Gao
- Department of Military Cognitive Psychology, School of Psychology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaotang Fan
- Department of Military Cognitive Psychology, School of Psychology, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
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Le HP, Hong DTN, Nguyen TTL, Le TMH, Koseki S, Ho TB, Ly-Nguyen B. Thermal Stability of Fructooligosaccharides Extracted from Defatted Rice Bran: A Kinetic Study Using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Foods 2022; 11:foods11142054. [PMID: 35885297 PMCID: PMC9324758 DOI: 10.3390/foods11142054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermal degradation kinetics of fructooligosaccharides (FOS) in defatted rice bran were studied at temperatures of 90, 100, and 110 °C. FOS extracted from rice bran and dissolved in buffers at pH values of 5.0, 6.0, and 7.0 were prepared for the thermal treatments. The residual FOS (including 1-kestose (GF2), nystose (GF3), and 1F-fructofuranosylnystose (GF4)) contents were determined using the ultra-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) method. The results showed that the thermal degradation kinetics of GF2, GF3, and GF4 followed a first-order kinetic model. Thermal degradation rate constants (k values) of GF2, GF3, and GF4 at different temperature and pH values were estimated using the first-order kinetic equation and SAS 9.1. As a result, these k values decreased gradually as the pH of the sample increased from 5.0 to 7.0. The Arrhenius model was applied to describe the heat dependence of the k-values. The activation energy (Ea) was calculated for each case of GF2, GF3, and GF4 degradation at pH values of 5.0, 6.0, and 7.0. The result showed that rice bran FOS is very thermostable at neutral pH while more labile at acidic pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang Phuong Le
- Department of Food Technology, Can Tho University, Can Tho 900000, Vietnam; (H.P.L.); (D.T.N.H.)
- Faculty of Food Sciences and Health, Kien Giang University, Rach Gia 920000, Vietnam
| | - Diep Thanh Nghi Hong
- Department of Food Technology, Can Tho University, Can Tho 900000, Vietnam; (H.P.L.); (D.T.N.H.)
| | | | - Thi My Hanh Le
- Faculty of Tourism, University of Finance—Marketing, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam;
| | - Shige Koseki
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan;
| | - Thanh Binh Ho
- Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, An Giang University, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Long Xuyen 90116, Vietnam;
| | - Binh Ly-Nguyen
- Department of Food Technology, Can Tho University, Can Tho 900000, Vietnam; (H.P.L.); (D.T.N.H.)
- Correspondence:
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32
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He Q, Si C, Sun Z, Chen Y, Zhang X. The Intervention of Prebiotics on Depression via the Gut-Brain Axis. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27123671. [PMID: 35744797 PMCID: PMC9230023 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The imbalance of intestinal microbiota can cause the accumulation of endotoxin in the main circulation system of the human body, which has a great impact on human health. Increased work and life pressure have led to a rise in the number of people falling into depression, which has also reduced their quality of life. The gut–brain axis (GBA) is closely related to the pathological basis of depression, and intestinal microbiota can improve depressive symptoms through GBA. Previous studies have proven that prebiotics can modulate intestinal microbiota and thus participate in human health regulation. We reviewed the regulatory mechanism of intestinal microbiota on depression through GBA, and discussed the effects of prebiotics, including plant polysaccharides and polyphenols on the regulation of intestinal microbiota, providing new clues for the prevention and treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghui He
- Amway (China) R&D Centre Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510730, China;
| | - Congcong Si
- Ningbo Tech-inno Health Industry Co., Ltd., Ningbo 315211, China; (C.S.); (Z.S.); (Y.C.)
| | - Zhenjiao Sun
- Ningbo Tech-inno Health Industry Co., Ltd., Ningbo 315211, China; (C.S.); (Z.S.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yuhui Chen
- Ningbo Tech-inno Health Industry Co., Ltd., Ningbo 315211, China; (C.S.); (Z.S.); (Y.C.)
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
- Correspondence:
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33
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Teng M, Zhao X, Wang C, Wang C, White JC, Zhao W, Zhou L, Duan M, Wu F. Polystyrene Nanoplastics Toxicity to Zebrafish: Dysregulation of the Brain-Intestine-Microbiota Axis. ACS NANO 2022; 16:8190-8204. [PMID: 35507640 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c01872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In animal species, the brain-gut axis is a complex bidirectional network between the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and the central nervous system (CNS) consisting of numerous microbial, immune, neuronal, and hormonal pathways that profoundly impact organism development and health. Although nanoplastics (NPs) have been shown to cause intestinal and neural toxicity in fish, the role of the neurotransmitter and intestinal microbiota interactions in the underlying mechanism of toxicity, particularly at environmentally relevant contaminant concentrations, remains unknown. Here, the effect of 44 nm polystyrene nanoplastics (PS-NPs) on the brain-intestine-microbe axis and embryo-larval development in zebrafish (Danio rerio) was investigated. Exposure to 1, 10, and 100 μg/L PS-NPs for 30 days inhibited growth and adversely affected inflammatory responses and intestinal permeability. Targeted metabolomics analysis revealed an alteration of 42 metabolites involved in neurotransmission. The content of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC; dopamine metabolite formed by monoamine oxidase activity) was significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner after PS-NP exposure. Changes in the 14 metabolites correlated with changes to 3 microbial groups, including Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Bacteroidetes, as compared to the control group. A significant relationship between Firmicutes and homovanillic acid (0.466, Pearson correlation coefficient) was evident. Eight altered metabolites (l-glutamine (Gln), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), serotonin, 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP), l-cysteine (Cys), l-glutamic acid (Glu), norepinephrine (NE), and l-tryptophan (l-Trp)) had a negative relationship with Proteobacteria although histamine (His) and acetylcholine chloride (ACh chloride) levels were positively correlated with Proteobacteria. An Associated Network analysis showed that Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were highly correlated (0.969). Furthermore, PS-NPs accumulated in the gastrointestinal tract of offspring and impaired development of F1 (2 h post-fertilization) embryos, including reduced spontaneous movements, hatching rate, and length. This demonstration of transgenerational deficits is of particular concern. These findings suggest that PS-NPs cause intestinal inflammation, growth inhibition, and restricted development of zebrafish, which are strongly linked to the disrupted regulation within the brain-intestine-microbiota axis. Our study provides insights into how xenobiotics can disrupt the regulation of brain-intestine-microbiota and suggests that these end points should be taken into account when assessing environmental health risks of PS-NPs to aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Chengju Wang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Jason C White
- The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Wentian Zhao
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lingfeng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Manman Duan
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fengchang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
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Lawrence K, Myrissa K, Toribio-Mateas M, Minini L, Gregory AM. Trialling a microbiome-targeted dietary intervention in children with ADHD-the rationale and a non-randomised feasibility study. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2022; 8:108. [PMID: 35606889 PMCID: PMC9125862 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-022-01058-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dietary interventions have been previously explored in children with ADHD. Elimination diets and supplementation can produce beneficial behaviour changes, but little is known about the mechanisms mediating change. We propose that these interventions may work, in part, by causing changes in the gut microbiota. A microbiome-targeted dietary intervention was developed, and its feasibility assessed. Methods A non-randomised feasibility study was conducted on nine non-medicated children with ADHD, aged 8–13 years (mean 10.39 years), using a prospective one-group pre-test/post-test design. Participants were recruited from ADHD support groups in London and took part in the 6-week microbiome-targeted dietary intervention, which was specifically designed to impact the composition of gut bacteria. Children were assessed pre- and post-intervention on measures of ADHD symptomatology, cognition, sleep, gut function and stool-sample microbiome analysis. The primary aim was to assess the study completion rate, with secondary aims assessing adherence, adverse events (aiming for no severe and minimal), acceptability and suitability of outcome measures. Results Recruitment proved to be challenging and despite targeting 230 participants directly through support groups, and many more through social media, nine families (of the planned 10) signed up for the trial. The completion rate for the study was excellent at 100%. Exploration of secondary aims revealed that (1) adherence to each aspect of the dietary protocol was very good; (2) two mild adverse events were reported; (3) parents rated the treatment as having good acceptability; (4) data collection and outcome measures were broadly feasible for use in an RCT with a few suggestions recommended; (5) descriptive data for outcome measures is presented and suggests that further exploration of gut microbiota, ADHD symptoms and sleep would be helpful in future research. Conclusions This study provides preliminary evidence for the feasibility of a microbiome-targeted dietary intervention in children with ADHD. Recruitment was challenging, but the diet itself was well-tolerated and adherence was very good. Families wishing to trial this diet may find it an acceptable intervention. However, recruitment, even for this small pilot study, was challenging. Because of the difficulty experienced recruiting participants, future randomised controlled trials may wish to adopt a simpler dietary approach which requires less parental time and engagement, in order to recruit the number of participants required to make meaningful statistical interpretations of efficacy. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03737877. Registered 13 November 2018—retrospectively registered, within 2 days of the first participant being recruited. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40814-022-01058-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Lawrence
- Department of Psychology & Pedagogic Science, Faculty of Sport, Allied Health and Performance Science, St Mary's University, Twickenham, London, UK.
| | - Kyriaki Myrissa
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Sport, Allied Health and Performance Science, St Mary's University, Twickenham, London, UK
| | - Miguel Toribio-Mateas
- School of Health and Education, Middlesex University, London, UK.,School of Applied Science, London South Bank University, London, UK
| | - Lori Minini
- Department of Psychology & Pedagogic Science, Faculty of Sport, Allied Health and Performance Science, St Mary's University, Twickenham, London, UK
| | - Alice M Gregory
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, UK
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Doney E, Cadoret A, Dion‐Albert L, Lebel M, Menard C. Inflammation-driven brain and gut barrier dysfunction in stress and mood disorders. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 55:2851-2894. [PMID: 33876886 PMCID: PMC9290537 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of emotions is generally associated exclusively with the brain. However, there is evidence that peripheral systems are also involved in mood, stress vulnerability vs. resilience, and emotion-related memory encoding. Prevalence of stress and mood disorders such as major depression, bipolar disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder is increasing in our modern societies. Unfortunately, 30%-50% of individuals respond poorly to currently available treatments highlighting the need to further investigate emotion-related biology to gain mechanistic insights that could lead to innovative therapies. Here, we provide an overview of inflammation-related mechanisms involved in mood regulation and stress responses discovered using animal models. If clinical studies are available, we discuss translational value of these findings including limitations. Neuroimmune mechanisms of depression and maladaptive stress responses have been receiving increasing attention, and thus, the first part is centered on inflammation and dysregulation of brain and circulating cytokines in stress and mood disorders. Next, recent studies supporting a role for inflammation-driven leakiness of the blood-brain and gut barriers in emotion regulation and mood are highlighted. Stress-induced exacerbated inflammation fragilizes these barriers which become hyperpermeable through loss of integrity and altered biology. At the gut level, this could be associated with dysbiosis, an imbalance in microbial communities, and alteration of the gut-brain axis which is central to production of mood-related neurotransmitter serotonin. Novel therapeutic approaches such as anti-inflammatory drugs, the fast-acting antidepressant ketamine, and probiotics could directly act on the mechanisms described here improving mood disorder-associated symptomatology. Discovery of biomarkers has been a challenging quest in psychiatry, and we end by listing promising targets worth further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Doney
- Department of Psychiatry and NeuroscienceFaculty of Medicine and CERVO Brain Research CenterUniversité LavalQCCanada
| | - Alice Cadoret
- Department of Psychiatry and NeuroscienceFaculty of Medicine and CERVO Brain Research CenterUniversité LavalQCCanada
| | - Laurence Dion‐Albert
- Department of Psychiatry and NeuroscienceFaculty of Medicine and CERVO Brain Research CenterUniversité LavalQCCanada
| | - Manon Lebel
- Department of Psychiatry and NeuroscienceFaculty of Medicine and CERVO Brain Research CenterUniversité LavalQCCanada
| | - Caroline Menard
- Department of Psychiatry and NeuroscienceFaculty of Medicine and CERVO Brain Research CenterUniversité LavalQCCanada
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36
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He J, Guo K, Chen Q, Wang Y, Jirimutu. Camel milk modulates the gut microbiota and has anti-inflammatory effects in a mouse model of colitis. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:3782-3793. [PMID: 35248376 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Camel milk is a nutritionally rich food that shows anti-inflammatory, immune regulation, and gut microbiota maintenance properties. However, the relationship between camel milk and the intestinal microbiota during colitis is unclear. Herein, we evaluated the protective effect of camel milk in mice with colitis induced using dextran sodium sulfate. Our results showed that camel milk can prevent body weight loss and colon shortening, reduce the disease activity index, and attenuate colon tissue damage. Additionally, camel milk could reduce the overexpression of inflammatory factors, inhibit the apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells, and promote the expression of claudin-1, occludin, and zonula occludens-1 proteins. Moreover, camel milk effectively regulated intestinal microbiota in mice with colitis by increasing the gut microbiota diversity, increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria (such as g_norank_f_Muribaculaceae, and Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group), and reducing the number of harmful bacteria (Bacteroides, Escherichia-Shigella). In addition, camel milk increased the levels of intestinal short-chain fatty acids. The results of the present study demonstrated that via regulating the intestinal microbiota, maintaining intestinal barrier function, and inhibiting proinflammatory cytokines, camel milk can ameliorate dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing He
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010010, China
| | - Kunjie Guo
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010010, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010010, China
| | - Yulin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010010, China
| | - Jirimutu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010010, China; Camel Research Institute of Inner Mongolia, Alashan, Inner Mongolia, 750330, China.
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Quo Vadis Psychiatry? Why It Is Time to Endorse Evolutionary Theory. J Nerv Ment Dis 2022; 210:235-245. [PMID: 35349502 DOI: 10.1097/nmd.0000000000001493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In recent decades, psychiatry and the neurosciences have made little progress in terms of preventing, diagnosing, classifying, or treating mental disorders. Here we argue that the dilemma of psychiatry and the neurosciences is, in part, based on fundamental misconceptions about the human mind, including misdirected nature-nurture debates, the lack of definitional concepts of "normalcy," distinguishing defense from defect, disregarding life history theory, evolutionarily uninformed genetic and epigenetic research, the "disconnection" of the brain from the rest of the body, and lack of attention to actual behavior in real-world interactions. All these conceptual difficulties could potentially benefit from an approach that uses evolutionary theory to improve the understanding of causal mechanisms, gene-environment interaction, individual differences in behavioral ecology, interaction between the gut (and other organs) and the brain, as well as cross-cultural and across-species comparison. To foster this development would require reform of the curricula of medical schools.
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Sabahi S, Homayouni Rad A, Aghebati-Maleki L, Sangtarash N, Ozma MA, Karimi A, Hosseini H, Abbasi A. Postbiotics as the new frontier in food and pharmaceutical research. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:8375-8402. [PMID: 35348016 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2056727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Food is the essential need of human life and has nutrients that support growth and health. Gastrointestinal tract microbiota involves valuable microorganisms that develop therapeutic effects and are characterized as probiotics. The investigations on appropriate probiotic strains have led to the characterization of specific metabolic byproducts of probiotics named postbiotics. The probiotics must maintain their survival against inappropriate lethal conditions of the processing, storage, distribution, preparation, and digestion system so that they can exhibit their most health effects. Conversely, probiotic metabolites (postbiotics) have successfully overcome these unfavorable conditions and may be an appropriate alternative to probiotics. Due to their specific chemical structure, safe profile, long shelf-life, and the fact that they contain various signaling molecules, postbiotics may have anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antihypertensive properties, inhibiting abnormal cell proliferation and antioxidative activities. Consequently, present scientific literature approves that postbiotics can mimic the fundamental and clinical role of probiotics, and due to their unique characteristics, they can be applied in an oral delivery system (pharmaceutical/functional foods), as a preharvest food safety hurdle, to promote the shelf-life of food products and develop novel functional foods or/and for developing health benefits, and therapeutic aims. This review addresses the latest postbiotic applications with regard to pharmaceutical formulations and commercial food-based products. Potential postbiotic applications in the promotion of host health status, prevention of disease, and complementary treatment are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Sabahi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Aziz Homayouni Rad
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Nutrition & Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Narges Sangtarash
- Department of Nutrition, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mahdi Asghari Ozma
- Department of Medical Bacteriology and Virology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Atefeh Karimi
- Department of Food Safety and Hygiene, School of Public Health, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Hedayat Hosseini
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Abbasi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Quantitative analysis of short-chain fatty acids in human plasma and serum by GC–MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:4391-4399. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03785-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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40
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Sun Y, Ho CT, Zhang Y, Hong M, Zhang X. Plant polysaccharides utilized by gut microbiota: New players in ameliorating cognitive impairment. J Tradit Complement Med 2022; 13:128-134. [PMID: 36970456 PMCID: PMC10037067 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2022.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Considerable evidence indicates the important role of gut microbiota in human health. Through the interaction with the host and diet, it secretes a myriad of metabolites to modulate biological processes essential for health. Cognitive impairment is a common feature of psychiatric and neurological disorders, which may seriously damage the quality of patients' life. Studies have found that cognitive impairment has a close relationship with gut microbiota, and plant polysaccharides intervention to maintain intestinal micro-ecological balance has a great impact on ameliorating cognitive impairment. This review introduced the interaction between gut microbiota and plant polysaccharides, and focused on signaling pathogenesis of gut microbiota in cognitive impairment. The effect of plant polysaccharides intervention on regulation of gut microbiota was also discussed, so as to provide a promising strategy for ameliorating cognitive impairment.
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Rodríguez-Frías F, Quer J, Tabernero D, Cortese MF, Garcia-Garcia S, Rando-Segura A, Pumarola T. Microorganisms as Shapers of Human Civilization, from Pandemics to Even Our Genomes: Villains or Friends? A Historical Approach. Microorganisms 2021; 9:2518. [PMID: 34946123 PMCID: PMC8708650 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9122518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Universal history is characterized by continuous evolution, in which civilizations are born and die. This evolution is associated with multiple factors, among which the role of microorganisms is often overlooked. Viruses and bacteria have written or decisively contributed to terrible episodes of history, such as the Black Death in 14th century Europe, the annihilation of pre-Columbian American civilizations, and pandemics such as the 1918 Spanish flu or the current COVID-19 pandemic caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Nevertheless, it is clear that we could not live in a world without these tiny beings. Endogenous retroviruses have been key to our evolution and for the regulation of gene expression, and the gut microbiota helps us digest compounds that we could not otherwise process. In addition, we have used microorganisms to preserve or prepare food for millennia and more recently to obtain drugs such as antibiotics or to develop recombinant DNA technologies. Due to the enormous importance of microorganisms for our survival, they have significantly influenced the population genetics of different human groups. This paper will review the role of microorganisms as "villains" who have been responsible for tremendous mortality throughout history but also as "friends" who help us survive and evolve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Rodríguez-Frías
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Vall d’Hebron Institut Recerca-Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (M.F.C.); (S.G.-G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Liver Pathology Unit, Departments of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Josep Quer
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Liver Unit, Liver Disease Laboratory-Viral Hepatitis, Vall d’Hebron Institut Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Tabernero
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Maria Francesca Cortese
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Vall d’Hebron Institut Recerca-Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (M.F.C.); (S.G.-G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Selene Garcia-Garcia
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Group, Department of Biochemistry, Vall d’Hebron Institut Recerca-Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain; (M.F.C.); (S.G.-G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Ariadna Rando-Segura
- Liver Pathology Unit, Departments of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain;
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Passeig Vall d’Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Tomas Pumarola
- Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Vall d’Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus, Passeig Vall d’Hebron 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, Spain;
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Yang HL, Li MM, Zhou MF, Xu HS, Huan F, Liu N, Gao R, Wang J, Zhang N, Jiang L. Links Between Gut Dysbiosis and Neurotransmitter Disturbance in Chronic Restraint Stress-Induced Depressive Behaviours: the Role of Inflammation. Inflammation 2021; 44:2448-2462. [PMID: 34657991 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-021-01514-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has shown that inflammation, the gut microbiota, and neurotransmitters are closely associated with the pathophysiology of depression. However, the links between the gut microbiota and neurotransmitter metabolism remain poorly understood. The present study aimed to investigate the neuroinflammatory reactions in chronic restraint stress (CRS)-induced depression and to delineate the potential links between the gut microbiota and neurotransmitter metabolism. C57BL/6 mice were subjected to chronic restraint stress for 5 weeks, followed by behavioural tests (the sucrose preference test, forced swim test, open field test, and elevated plus maze) and analysis. The results showed that CRS significantly increased interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα) levels and decreased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression, accompanied by the activation of IkappaB-alpha-phosphorylation-nuclear factor kappa-B (IκBα-p-NF-κB) signalling in the mouse hippocampus. In addition, the neurotransmitter metabolomics results showed that CRS resulted in decreased levels of plasma 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), dopamine (DA), and noradrenaline (NE) and their corresponding metabolites, and gut microbiota faecal metabolites with the 16S rRNA gene sequencing indicated that CRS caused marked microbiota dysbiosis in mice, with a significant increase in Helicobacter, Lactobacillus, and Oscillibacter and a decrease in Parabacteroides, Ruminococcus, and Prevotella. Notably, CRS-induced depressive behaviours and the disturbance of neurotransmitter metabolism and microbiota dysbiosis can be substantially restored by dexamethasone (DXMS) administration. Furthermore, a Pearson heatmap focusing on correlations between the microbiota, behaviours, and neurotransmitters showed that Helicobacter, Lactobacillus, and Oscillibacter were positively correlated with depressive behaviours but were negatively correlated with neurotransmitter metabolism, and Parabacteroides and Ruminococcus were negatively correlated with depressive behaviours but were positively correlated with neurotransmitter metabolism. Taken together, the results suggest that inflammation is involved in microbiota dysbiosis and the disturbance of neurotransmitter metabolism in CRS-induced depressive changes, and the delineation of the potential links between the microbiota and neurotransmitter metabolism will provide novel strategies for depression treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Long Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Meng-Meng Li
- Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215008, China
| | - Man-Fei Zhou
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Huai-Sha Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Fei Huan
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Medical Psychology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Brain Hospital, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Rong Gao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Medical Psychology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Brain Hospital, 210029, Nanjing, China.
| | - Lei Jiang
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China.
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Yousefi B, Kokhaei P, Mehranfar F, Bahar A, Abdolshahi A, Emadi A, Eslami M. The role of the host microbiome in autism and neurodegenerative disorders and effect of epigenetic procedures in the brain functions. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 132:998-1009. [PMID: 34742725 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a severe neurological/neurodegenerative syndrome that results in cognitive and communication disorders. The degree of dysbiosis is related to the severity of ASD signs. The gut is conferred with a variety of sensory receptors that cooperate with effector systems including the endocrine, nervous and gut immune systems of the intestine. Gut dysbiosis causes amplified inflammation, the launch of the HPA axis, changed levels of neurotransmitters and bacterial metabolites; these may donate to abnormal signaling throughout the Vagus nerve in ASD. Decreased integrity of the gastrointestinal barrier led to extreme leakage of substances as of the intestine in early life and inflammation followed by disruption of BBB integrity maybe increase the risk of ASD. Microbiota, by controlling the barrier permeability, regulate the quantity and types of bioactive materials that are transferred from the intestine to the brain. Exposure to metabolites and microbial products regulate significant procedures in the CNS, including glial cell role, myelination, synaptic pruning, and play a role in neurobehavioral, neurodegenerative, psychiatric, and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahman Yousefi
- Department of Immunology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Parviz Kokhaei
- Department of Immunology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran; Immune and Gene Therapy Lab, Cancer Centre Karolinska, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fatemeh Mehranfar
- Student Research Committee, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Aisa Bahar
- Department of Biochemistry, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Anna Abdolshahi
- Food Safety Research Center (Salt), Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Alireza Emadi
- Deputy of Research and Technology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Majid Eslami
- Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran; Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
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Neupane SP. Psychoneuroimmunology: The new frontier in suicide research. Brain Behav Immun Health 2021; 17:100344. [PMID: 34589823 PMCID: PMC8474243 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Elucidating complex, multifactorial phenomena like suicide and suicidal behaviors (SSB) require multidisciplinary fields such as Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI). Indeed, our appreciation of the bidirectional communication channels between the brain and the rest of the body with its immune arsenal as the key player has positioned PNI as a promising field of research. We now know that major psychiatric, behavioral, and somatic disorders related to SSB accompany neuroimmune dysregulation. These disorders range from depression, emotional dysregulation, atopy, and epilepsy to certain viral and parasitic infections. By utilizing epidemiological, genetic, microbial, and molecular approaches, the PNI research community has excogitated novel biomarker candidates and pathways in support of SSB risk stratification at individual level. This remarkable progress in just two previous decades shall, if successful, help implement personalized prevention and treatment strategies, using PNI-assisted tools. The aims of this narrative review and opinion piece are to summarize important discoveries concerning the role of neuroimmune activation in SSB and to highlight important future directions for the field. Major caveats of the findings concerning methodological approaches, clinical reality of frequent comorbid psychopathology, and novel molecular targets are presented. Finally, this review calls on the PNI research community for increased attention towards factors that promote resilience to suicide, while accepting "consciousness" under its wing. Thus, PNI represents the new frontier in suicide research. Future breakthroughs in this discipline shall bring us closer to understanding the biological substrates of qualia i.e., subjective, and experiential meanings of life and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudan Prasad Neupane
- National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Oral Health Center of Expertise in Rogaland, Stavanger, Norway
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Lopizzo N, Marizzoni M, Begni V, Mazzelli M, Provasi S, Borruso L, Riva MA, Cattaneo A. Social isolation in adolescence and long-term changes in the gut microbiota composition and in the hippocampal inflammation: Implications for psychiatric disorders - Dirk Hellhammer Award Paper 2021. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 133:105416. [PMID: 34593267 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to early adverse experiences induces persistent changes in physiological, emotional and behavioural functions predisposing the individual to an enhanced vulnerability to develop different disorders during lifespan. The adverse outcomes depend upon the timing of the stressful experiences, and in this contest, adolescence represents a key sensitive period for brain development. Among the biological systems involved, gut microbiota has recently been proposed to act on the interplay between the stress response, brain functions and immune system, through the gut-brain axis communication. In the current study we aimed to evaluate, in a preclinical model, changes over time in the microbiota community structure in physiological condition and in response to stress during adolescence. We also aimed to correlate the microbiota composition to the inflammatory status in brain. We used the preclinical model of social deprivation in rats during adolescence, based on the lack of all social contacts, for four weeks after weaning, followed by re-socialization until adulthood. We collected fecal samples at different post-natal days to investigate the short- and long-lasting effects of social isolation on gut microbiota composition and we collected brain areas (dorsal and ventral hippocampus) samples at killing to measure a panel of inflammatory and microglia activation markers. 16 S metataxonomic sequencing analysis revealed that microbial changes were influenced by age in both isolated and controls rats, regardless of sex, whereas social isolation impacted the microbial composition in a sex-dependent manner. A multivariate analysis showed that social isolation induced short-term gut microbiota alterations in females but not in males. We also identified several stress-related genera associated with social isolation condition. In brain areas we found a specific inflammatory pattern, in dorsal and ventral hippocampus, that significantly correlated with gut microbiota composition. Overall, in this study we reported a novel sex-specific association between gut microbiota composition and inflammatory response related to social isolation paradigm during adolescence, suggesting that stressful experiences during this sensitive period could have a long-lasting impact on the development of different biological systems that could in turn influence the vulnerability to develop mental disorders later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Lopizzo
- Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy; Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Moira Marizzoni
- Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy; Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Alzheimer's Epidemiology, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Veronica Begni
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Mazzelli
- Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy; Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Provasi
- Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy
| | - Luigimaria Borruso
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen/Bolzano, piazza Università 5, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Marco Andrea Riva
- Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy; Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Annamaria Cattaneo
- Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, Brescia, Italy; Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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Hernandez-Garcia E, Chrysikou E, Kalea AZ. The Interplay between Housing Environmental Attributes and Design Exposures and Psychoneuroimmunology Profile-An Exploratory Review and Analysis Paper in the Cancer Survivors' Mental Health Morbidity Context. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:10891. [PMID: 34682637 PMCID: PMC8536084 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adult cancer survivors have an increased prevalence of mental health comorbidities and other adverse late-effects interdependent with mental illness outcomes compared with the general population. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) heralds an era of renewed call for actions to identify sustainable modalities to facilitate the constructs of cancer survivorship care and health care delivery through physiological supportive domestic spaces. Building on the concept of therapeutic architecture, psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) indicators-with the central role in low-grade systemic inflammation-are associated with major psychiatric disorders and late effects of post-cancer treatment. Immune disturbances might mediate the effects of environmental determinants on behaviour and mental disorders. Whilst attention is paid to the non-objective measurements for examining the home environmental domains and mental health outcomes, little is gathered about the multidimensional effects on physiological responses. This exploratory review presents a first analysis of how addressing the PNI outcomes serves as a catalyst for therapeutic housing research. We argue the crucial component of housing in supporting the sustainable primary care and public health-based cancer survivorship care model, particularly in the psychopathology context. Ultimately, we illustrate a series of interventions aiming at how housing environmental attributes can trigger PNI profile changes and discuss the potential implications in the non-pharmacological treatment of cancer survivors and patients with mental morbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Hernandez-Garcia
- The Bartlett Real Estate Institute, The Bartlett School of Sustainable Construction, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK;
| | - Evangelia Chrysikou
- The Bartlett Real Estate Institute, The Bartlett School of Sustainable Construction, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK;
- Clinic of Social and Family Medicine, Department of Social Medicine, University of Crete, 700 13 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Anastasia Z. Kalea
- Division of Medicine, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK;
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London WC1E 6HX, UK
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Sajdel-Sulkowska EM. Neuropsychiatric Ramifications of COVID-19: Short-Chain Fatty Acid Deficiency and Disturbance of Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis Signaling. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:7880448. [PMID: 34651049 PMCID: PMC8510788 DOI: 10.1155/2021/7880448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19-associated neuropsychiatric complications are soaring. There is an urgent need to understand the link between COVID-19 and neuropsychiatric disorders. To that end, this article addresses the premise that SARS-CoV-2 infection results in gut dysbiosis and an altered microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis that in turn contributes to the neuropsychiatric ramifications of COVID-19. Altered MGB axis activity has been implicated independently as a risk of neuropsychiatric disorders. A review of the changes in gut microbiota composition in individual psychiatric and neurological disorders and gut microbiota in COVID-19 patients revealed a shared "microbial signature" characterized by a lower microbial diversity and richness and a decrease in health-promoting anti-inflammatory commensal bacteria accompanied by an increase in opportunistic proinflammatory pathogens. Notably, there was a decrease in short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) producing bacteria. SCFAs are key bioactive microbial metabolites with anti-inflammatory functions and have been recognized as a critical signaling pathway in the MGB axis. SCFA deficiency is associated with brain inflammation, considered a cardinal feature of neuropsychiatric disorders. The link between SARS-CoV-2 infection, gut dysbiosis, and altered MGB axis is further supported by COVID-19-associated gastrointestinal symptoms, a high number of SARS-CoV-2 receptors, angiotensin-cleaving enzyme-2 (ACE-2) in the gut, and viral presence in the fecal matter. The binding of SARS-CoV-2 to the receptor results in ACE-2 deficiency that leads to decreased transport of vital dietary components, gut dysbiosis, proinflammatory gut status, increased permeability of the gut-blood barrier (GBB), and systemic inflammation. More clinical research is needed to substantiate further the linkages described above and evaluate the potential significance of gut microbiota as a diagnostic tool. Meanwhile, it is prudent to propose changes in dietary recommendations in favor of a high fiber diet or supplementation with SCFAs or probiotics to prevent or alleviate the neuropsychiatric ramifications of COVID-19.
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48
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Gut microbiota alteration and modulation in psychiatric disorders: Current evidence on fecal microbiota transplantation. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 109:110258. [PMID: 33497754 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The micro-organisms residing within the gastrointestinal tract, namely gut microbiota, form a dynamic population proper of each individual, mostly composed by bacteria which co-evolved symbiotically with human species. The advances of culture-independent techniques allowed the understanding of the multiple functions of the gut microbiota in human physiology and disease, the latter often recognising a predisposing condition in an imbalanced intestinal microbial ecosystem (dysbiosis). A complex mutual interconnection between the central nervous system (CNS), the intestine and the gut microbiota, known as "microbiota-gut-brain axis", has been hypothesized to play a pivotal role in maintaining central and peripheral functions, as well as mental health. Thus, dysbiosis with specific microbiota imbalances seems to be strongly associated with the onset psychiatric disorders by altering neurodevelopment, enhancing neurodegeneration, affecting behaviour and mood. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) consists of transferring the fecal matter from a donor into the gastrointestinal tract of a recipient, and it is used to quickly modulate the gut microbiota. This review focuses on the uses of FMT in psychiatric disorders. FMT has been used to induce dysbiosis and to study the disease development, or to heal dysbiosis-related mental disorders. Overall, FMT of impaired microbiota resulted effective in enhancing psychiatric-like disturbances (mainly depression and anxiety) in recipient animals, plausibly by impairing immune system, inflammatory and metabolic pathways, neurochemical processes and neuro-transmission. On the other side, preclinical and clinical data suggest that reversing or mitigating dysbiosis seems a promising strategy to restore behavioural impairments or to obtain psychiatric symptom relief. However, current evidence is limited by the lack of procedural standardization, the paucity of human studies in the vastity of psychiatric conditions and the need of a microbiota-targeted donor-recipient matching.
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Luo Y, Zhao P, Dou M, Mao J, Zhang G, Su Y, Wang Q, Wang Q, Wang Y, Sun R, Liu T, Gong M, Gao Y, Yin X, Song L, Shi H. Exogenous microbiota-derived metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide treatment alters social behaviors: Involvement of hippocampal metabolic adaptation. Neuropharmacology 2021; 191:108563. [PMID: 33887311 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that gut microbiota and its metabolites can influence the brain function and the related behaviors. Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), an indirect metabolite of gut microbiota, has been linked to aging, cognitive impairment, and many brain disorders. However, the potential effects of TMAO on social behaviors remain elusive. The present study investigated the effects of early life systemic TMAO exposure and intra-hippocampal TMAO infusion during adulthood on social behaviors in mice. We also analyzed the effects of intra-hippocampus infusion of TMAO during adulthood on levels of metabolites. The results showed that both systemic TMAO exposure in the post-weaning period and intra-hippocampal TMAO infusion during adulthood decreased social rank and reduced sexual preference in adult mice. Data from LC-MS metabolomics analysis showed that intra-hippocampal TMAO infusion induced a total 207 differential metabolites, which belongs to several metabolic or signaling pathways, especially FoxO signaling pathway and retrograde endocannabinoid signaling pathway. These data suggest that TMAO may affect social behaviors by regulating metabolites in the hippocampus, which may provide a new insight into the role of gut microbiota in regulating social behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiao Luo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China; Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Penghui Zhao
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Mengxiao Dou
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Jiawen Mao
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Yujiao Su
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Qingqun Wang
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Yurun Wang
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Ruoxuan Sun
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Tingxuan Liu
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Miao Gong
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medicinal University, 050017, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medicinal University, 050017, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medicinal University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Xi Yin
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Department of Functional Region of Diagnosis, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050011, China.
| | - Li Song
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medicinal University, 050017, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medicinal University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China.
| | - Haishui Shi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Medical and Health Science of HeBMU, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Hebei Medicinal University, 050017, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medicinal University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Research Unit of Digestive Tract Microecosystem Pharmacology and Toxicology. Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China.
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50
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Lactobacillus plantarum PS128 and Other Probiotics in Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Real-World Experience. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13062036. [PMID: 34198499 PMCID: PMC8231766 DOI: 10.3390/nu13062036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder. Recent data suggest that probiotics can reduce some symptoms of this disorder and Lactobacillus plantarum PS128 has been reported to be especially useful. We recruited a sample of 131 autistic children and adolescents (M:F = 122:19; age: 86.1 ± 41.1 months) and evaluated their changes after use of probiotics by mean of CGI. We found some significant improvements with very few side effects; these positive effects were more evident in younger children. Patients taking Lactobacillus plantarum PS128 had greater improvements and fewer side effects than those taking other probiotics. Our real-life data are consistent with existing literature showing a specific effect of Lactobacillus plantarum PS128 in Autism Spectrum Disorder.
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