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Patridge E, Gorakshakar A, Molusky MM, Ogundijo O, Janevski A, Julian C, Hu L, Vuyisich M, Banavar G. Microbial functional pathways based on metatranscriptomic profiling enable effective saliva-based health assessments for precision wellness. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2024; 23:834-842. [PMID: 38328005 PMCID: PMC10847690 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2024.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
It is increasingly recognized that an important step towards improving overall health is to accurately measure biomarkers of health from the molecular activities prevalent in the oral cavity. We present a general methodology for computationally quantifying the activity of microbial functional pathways using metatranscriptomic data. We describe their implementation as a collection of eight oral pathway scores using a large salivary sample dataset (n = 9350), and we evaluate score associations with oropharyngeal disease phenotypes within an unseen independent cohort (n = 14,129). Through this validation, we show that the relevant oral pathway scores are significantly worse in individuals with periodontal disease, acid reflux, and nicotine addiction, compared with controls. Given these associations, we make the case to use these oral pathway scores to provide molecular health insights from simple, non-invasive saliva samples, and as molecular endpoints for actionable interventions to address the associated conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Patridge
- Viome Research Institute, Viome Life Sciences Inc., New York City, USA
| | - Anmol Gorakshakar
- Viome Research Institute, Viome Life Sciences Inc., New York City, USA
| | | | - Oyetunji Ogundijo
- Viome Research Institute, Viome Life Sciences Inc., New York City, USA
| | - Angel Janevski
- Viome Research Institute, Viome Life Sciences Inc., New York City, USA
| | - Cristina Julian
- Viome Research Institute, Viome Life Sciences Inc., New York City, USA
| | - Lan Hu
- Viome Research Institute, Viome Life Sciences Inc., New York City, USA
| | | | - Guruduth Banavar
- Viome Research Institute, Viome Life Sciences Inc., New York City, USA
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Jones B, Chen T, Michou S, Kilpatrick N, Burgner DP, Vannahme C, Silva M. Diagnostic agreement between visual examination and an automated scanner system with fluorescence for detecting and classifying occlusal carious lesions in primary teeth. J Dent 2024; 149:105279. [PMID: 39121599 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the in vivo diagnostic agreement between visual examination (VE) using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) and an automated scanner system for detecting and classifying carious lesions in primary teeth. METHODS 5-year-old children (n = 216) underwent VE and intraoral scanning (TRIOS 4, 3Shape TRIOS A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark). Dental caries experience was recorded for each tooth surface using ICDAS. An automated, fluorescence-based caries scoring system was applied to eligible primary teeth occlusal surfaces on the 3D models using commercially available software. The automated system classified surfaces as sound, initial caries (ICDAS 01/02), or moderate-extensive caries (ICDAS ≥03). The diagnostic agreement was investigated using multi-level modelling and intraclass correlation coefficients. Analyses were repeated at both the initial threshold (ICDAS ≥01) and the moderate-extensive threshold (ICDAS ≥03). RESULTS 213 participants were included in the study, and 1525 primary molar occlusal surfaces were included in the analysis. The odds of detecting caries using the automated system were 46 % lower at the initial disease threshold (OR 0.54, 95 % CI 0.39-0.74) and 70 % lower at the moderate-extensive disease threshold (OR 0.30, 95 % CI 0.16-0.58) compared to VE. The intraclass correlation estimates at the initial and moderate-extensive thresholds were 0.90 (95 % CI 0.70-0.96) and 0.76 (95 % CI 0.22-0.94) respectively. CONCLUSION The automated system is less likely to detect initial lesions and is more likely to underestimate lesion severity relative to visual examination using ICDAS. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Clinically, using the automated tool to replace thorough visual inspection in primary teeth could result in missed opportunities to provide professional or self-care to arrest or reverse early disease. Additionally, it could misclassify moderate lesions as initial caries, potentially leading to complications associated with the delayed management of dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bree Jones
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton 3053, VIC, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, 50 Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia.
| | - Tong Chen
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, 50 Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Clinical Epidemiology & Biostatistics Unit, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne 50 Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Stavroula Michou
- Department of Odontology, School of Dentistry, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Allé 20 DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; 3Shape TRIOS A/S, Copenhagen, Niels Juels Gade 13 1059 København, Denmark
| | - Nicky Kilpatrick
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton 3053, VIC, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, 50 Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - David P Burgner
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, 50 Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, 50 Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Christoph Vannahme
- 3Shape TRIOS A/S, Copenhagen, Niels Juels Gade 13 1059 København, Denmark
| | - Mihiri Silva
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston Street, Carlton 3053, VIC, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, 50 Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
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Quigley RM, Kearney M, Kennedy OD, Duncan HF. Tissue engineering approaches for dental pulp regeneration: The development of novel bioactive materials using pharmacological epigenetic inhibitors. Bioact Mater 2024; 40:182-211. [PMID: 38966600 PMCID: PMC11223092 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The drive for minimally invasive endodontic treatment strategies has shifted focus from technically complex and destructive root canal treatments towards more conservative vital pulp treatment. However, novel approaches to maintaining dental pulp vitality after disease or trauma will require the development of innovative, biologically-driven regenerative medicine strategies. For example, cell-homing and cell-based therapies have recently been developed in vitro and trialled in preclinical models to study dental pulp regeneration. These approaches utilise natural and synthetic scaffolds that can deliver a range of bioactive pharmacological epigenetic modulators (HDACis, DNMTis, and ncRNAs), which are cost-effective and easily applied to stimulate pulp tissue regrowth. Unfortunately, many biological factors hinder the clinical development of regenerative therapies, including a lack of blood supply and poor infection control in the necrotic root canal system. Additional challenges include a need for clinically relevant models and manufacturing challenges such as scalability, cost concerns, and regulatory issues. This review will describe the current state of bioactive-biomaterial/scaffold-based engineering strategies to stimulate dentine-pulp regeneration, explicitly focusing on epigenetic modulators and therapeutic pharmacological inhibition. It will highlight the components of dental pulp regenerative approaches, describe their current limitations, and offer suggestions for the effective translation of novel epigenetic-laden bioactive materials for innovative therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross M. Quigley
- Division of Restorative Dentistry & Periodontology, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), University of Dublin, Lincoln Place, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, and Tissue Engineering Research Group, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michaela Kearney
- Division of Restorative Dentistry & Periodontology, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), University of Dublin, Lincoln Place, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Oran D. Kennedy
- Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, and Tissue Engineering Research Group, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
- The Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering (TCBE) and the Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) and Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Henry F. Duncan
- Division of Restorative Dentistry & Periodontology, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), University of Dublin, Lincoln Place, Dublin, Ireland
- The Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering (TCBE) and the Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) and Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Dublin, Ireland
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Hager-Mair FF, Bloch S, Schäffer C. Glycolanguage of the oral microbiota. Mol Oral Microbiol 2024; 39:291-320. [PMID: 38515284 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
The oral cavity harbors a diverse and dynamic bacterial biofilm community which is pivotal to oral health maintenance and, if turning dysbiotic, can contribute to various diseases. Glycans as unsurpassed carriers of biological information are participating in underlying processes that shape oral health and disease. Bacterial glycoinfrastructure-encompassing compounds as diverse as glycoproteins, lipopolysaccharides (LPSs), cell wall glycopolymers, and exopolysaccharides-is well known to influence bacterial fitness, with direct effects on bacterial physiology, immunogenicity, lifestyle, and interaction and colonization capabilities. Thus, understanding oral bacterias' glycoinfrastructure and encoded glycolanguage is key to elucidating their pathogenicity mechanisms and developing targeted strategies for therapeutic intervention. Driven by their known immunological role, most research in oral glycobiology has been directed onto LPSs, whereas, recently, glycoproteins have been gaining increased interest. This review draws a multifaceted picture of the glycolanguage, with a focus on glycoproteins, manifested in prominent oral bacteria, such as streptococci, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Fusobacterium nucleatum. We first define the characteristics of the different glycoconjugate classes and then summarize the current status of knowledge of the structural diversity of glycoconjugates produced by oral bacteria, describe governing biosynthetic pathways, and list biological roles of these energetically costly compounds. Additionally, we highlight emerging research on the unraveling impact of oral glycoinfrastructure on dental caries, periodontitis, and systemic conditions. By integrating current knowledge and identifying knowledge gaps, this review underscores the importance of studying the glycolanguage oral bacteria speak to advance our understanding of oral microbiology and develop novel antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona F Hager-Mair
- Department of Chemistry, NanoGlycobiology Research Group, Institute of Biochemistry, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanne Bloch
- Department of Chemistry, NanoGlycobiology Research Group, Institute of Biochemistry, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Vienna, Austria
- Competence Center for Periodontal Research, University Clinic of Dentistry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christina Schäffer
- Department of Chemistry, NanoGlycobiology Research Group, Institute of Biochemistry, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Vienna, Austria
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Qiu X, Liu J, Chen X. The combination of arginine and fluoride-containing bioactive glass acted synergistically in inhibiting enamel demineralization in permanent teeth. J Dent 2024; 149:105227. [PMID: 38996997 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the in-vitro efficacy of inhibiting enamel demineralization using arginine in combination with fluoride-containing bioactive glass (FBG). METHODS In this study, the healthy enamel blocks were first demineralized in acetic acid for 24 h, then soaked in anti-demineralization treatment solutions containing either arginine or FBG or both for 96 h.The specimens treated in acetic acid were applied as the control group. The pH, calcium and phosphorus ion concentrations of the solutions were measured before and after treatment. Changes in enamel mineral weight, microhardness, and composition were also analyzed. RESULTS The present of arginine facilitated fluorine release from treatment solutions with the presence of FBG. Both arginine and FBG significantly increased the pH of treatment solutions and prevented the further mineral weight loss compared to the control group. All anti-demineralization treatment groups showed significant increases in microhardness, but there was no statistical difference among the treatment groups. The SEM analysis showed enamel restoration in the arginine and FBG groups upon treatment, while the combined groups showing a superior anti-demineralization efficacy. 19F NMR showed the formation of fluorapatite in samples treated with solutions containing FBG. CONCLUSIONS Both arginine and FBG could inhibit enamel demineralization to some extent, and their combination demonstrated an enhanced anti-demineralization efficacy. The low-concentration combination group exhibited anti-demineralization effects comparable to those of high-concentration ones. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE This study introduces a new approach for caries prevention by combining the application of arginine and FBG. The release of fluorine promoted by the presented arginine along with calcium and phosphorus ions from FBG facilitated FAP formation. Additionally, the increment of pH resulting from arginine and FBG degradation further prevents enamel demineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xili Qiu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research & Academician Workstation for Oral-maxillofacial and Regenerative Medicine & Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, PR China; Molecular Biology Research Center, Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, PR China
| | - Jing Liu
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Applied Hematology, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, PR China.
| | - Xiaojing Chen
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Oral Health Research & Academician Workstation for Oral-maxillofacial and Regenerative Medicine & Xiangya Stomatological Hospital & Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, PR China.
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Guo T, Wang D, Gao SS. Incorporating nanosilver with glass ionomer cement-A literature review. J Dent 2024; 149:105288. [PMID: 39103074 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objectives of this study were to retrieve and review studies that incorporated nanosilver with GIC and summarise the evidence regarding the properties of nanosilver-modified GIC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two independent researchers performed a literature search using the keywords (nanosilver OR nano-silver OR (nano silver) OR (silver nanoparticles)) AND (GIC OR (glass ionomer cement) OR (glass ionomer cements)) in PubMed, Web of Science and ScienceDirect. RESULTS A total of 368 articles were identified. After removing duplicate results, titles and abstracts were screened for eligibility. Full texts of publications that investigated the manufacture and properties of nanosilver-modified GIC were retrieved and analysed. Finally, 21 studies were included. CONCLUSIONS All of the studies reviewed in this investigation included the incorporation of nanosilver in GIC. The proportions of nanosilver added into GIC varied from 0.05 % to 50 %. Thirteen studies investigated the antimicrobial properties of nanosilver-modified GIC; all studies supported that adding nanosilver enhanced antimicrobial effectiveness. Nineteen studies reported the mechanical properties including compressive strength, flexure strength, tensile strength, and microhardness of nanosilver-modified GIC; but the results were inconclusive. Four studies tested the bonding strength of nanosilver-modified GIC to dentine and found that adding nanosilver would not influence the bonding property of GIC. Some studies explored fluoride release level, colour stability, and cytotoxicity of nanosilver-modified GIC; but the results were all inconclusive. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE This literature review is the first study to retrieve and summarise the findings and evidence regarding nanosilver-modified GIC research. It can provide clinicians with clinically relevant information about novel GIC materials that can be used in their treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Guo
- Department of Stomatology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, China
| | - Dai Wang
- School of Public Health, Xiamen University, China
| | - Sherry Shiqian Gao
- Department of Stomatology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, China; Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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Lin Y, Ma Q, Yan J, Gong T, Huang J, Chen J, Li J, Qiu Y, Wang X, Lei Z, Zeng J, Wang L, Zhou X, Li Y. Inhibition of Streptococcus mutans growth and biofilm formation through protein acetylation. Mol Oral Microbiol 2024; 39:334-343. [PMID: 38224336 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Numerous cellular processes are regulated in response to the metabolic state of the cell, and one such regulatory mechanism involves lysine acetylation. Lysine acetylation has been proven to play an important role in the virulence of Streptococcus mutans, a major cariogenic bacterial species. S. mutans' glucosyltransferases (Gtfs) are responsible for synthesizing extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) and contributing to biofilm formation. One of the most common nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), which can acetylate proteins through a nonenzymatic transacetylation reaction. Herein, we investigated the inhibitory effects of ASA on S. mutans. ASA treatment was observed to impede the growth of S. mutans, leading to a reduction in the production of water-insoluble EPS and the formation of biofilm. Moreover, ASA decreased the enzyme activity of Gtfs while increasing the protein acetylation level. The in vivo anticaries efficacy of ASA has further been proved using the rat caries model. In conclusion, ASA as an acetylation agent attenuated the cariogenic virulence of S. mutans, suggesting the potential value of protein acetylation on antimicrobial and anti-biofilm applications to S. mutans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongwang Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qizhao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiangchuan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tao Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiamin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaowan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zixue Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jumei Zeng
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lingyun Wang
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Ge KX, Jakubovics NS, Quock R, Lam WYH, Chu CH, Yu OY. Preventing proximal enamel caries in neighboring tooth with glass ionomer cement restoration and silver diamine fluoride pretreatment. J Dent 2024; 149:105312. [PMID: 39154833 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate caries preventive effects of 38 % silver diamine fluoride (SDF) pretreatment on neighboring tooth proximal to glass ionomer cement (GIC), including conventional GIC (CGIC) and resin-modified GIC (RMGIC) restorations in an in vitro model. METHODS HUMAN TOOTH BLOCKS WERE RESTORED WITH: SDF+CGIC (Group 1), CGIC (Group 2), SDF+RMGIC (Group 3) or RMGIC (Group 4). Enamel specimen simulating proximal surface of neighboring tooth was placed in proximity to the restorations. The specimen underwent cariogenic challenge with cross-kingdom biofilm of Streptococcus mutans, Lacticaseibacillus casei and Candida albicans. After cariogenic challenge, the biofilm's growth kinetics, viability, and morphology were evaluated by propidium monoazide-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PMA-qPCR), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The enamel lesion depth, surface morphology and crystal characteristics were determined by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), SEM and X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. RESULTS PMA-qPCR demonstrated lower microbial growth in Group 1 and 3 compared with Group 2 and 4 (p < 0.05). CLSM showed the dead-to-live ratio in Groups 1-4 were 1.15±0.12, 0.53±0.13, 1.10±0.24 and 0.63±0.10, respectively (Group 1,3 > 2,4, p < 0.05). SEM revealed Groups 1 and 3 had scattered biofilm whereas Group 2 and 4 had confluent biofilm. Micro-CT showed the enamel lesion depths (µm) were 98±9, 126±7, 103±6 and 128±7 for Group 1 to 4, respectively (Group 1,3 < 2,4, p < 0.05). SEM revealed oriented and ordered enamel prismatic patterns in Group 1 and 3, not in Group 2 and 4. XRD showed the reflections of hydroxyapatite in Groups 1 and 3 were sharper than Groups 2 and 4. CONCLUSION SDF pretreatment enhances the preventive effect of GIC on proximal enamel surface on neighboring tooth through inhibiting cariogenic biofilm, reducing enamel demineralization and promoting enamel remineralization. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE SDF pretreatment of GIC restorations can help prevent caries on neighboring teeth, particular for patients with high caries risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Xingyun Ge
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, 34 Hospital Road, Hong Kong Special administrative regions of China
| | - Nicholas Stephen Jakubovics
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, 34 Hospital Road, Hong Kong Special administrative regions of China; School of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4BW, UK
| | - Ryan Quock
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, 34 Hospital Road, Hong Kong Special administrative regions of China; University of Texas School of Dentistry at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Walter Yu-Hang Lam
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, 34 Hospital Road, Hong Kong Special administrative regions of China
| | - Chun-Hung Chu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, 34 Hospital Road, Hong Kong Special administrative regions of China
| | - Ollie Yiru Yu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, 34 Hospital Road, Hong Kong Special administrative regions of China.
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Basualdo Allende J, Nascimento FD, Damasceno E Souza Chiari M, Aliaga-Galvez R, Ñaupari-Villasante R, Miranda CB, Pardo-Díaz C, Gutiérrez MF, Covarrubias C, Loguercio AD, Fernández E. Evaluation of adhesive properties and enzymatic activity at the hybrid layer of a simplified adhesive loaded with 0.2 % Cu and 5 % ZnO nanoparticles: A Randomized Clinical Trial and ex vivo analysis. J Dent 2024; 149:105283. [PMID: 39096997 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of an adhesive loaded with 0.2 % copper (Cu) and 5 % zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (Nps) on its adhesive properties and enzymatic activity at the hybrid layer ex vivo in a randomized clinical model. METHODS Fifteen patients participated in this study, and a total of 30 third molars were used. Occlusal cavities (4 × 4 × 2 mm) were made in each tooth, and randomly divided into 2 groups: (i) Experimental group: commercial adhesive loaded with 0.2wt % CuNps and 5wt % ZnONps; and (ii) Control Group: non-loaded commercial adhesive. Teeth were restored with resin composite. Thirty days later, extractions were performed. Extracted teeth were longitudinally sectioned. Nps in powder were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. Microtensile bond strength (μTBS), degree of conversion (DC), and nanoleakeage (NL) tests were executed. In situ zymography (Zym) was performed to evaluate the gelatinolytic activity at the hybrid layer. Student's t-test (α = 0.05) was applied for all tests. RESULTS μTBS and DC did not show significant differences (p > 0.05) between both groups. However, NL and gelatinolytic activity at the hybrid layer showed significant values (p < 0.05) for experimental group in comparison with control group. CONCLUSION The addition of 0.2 % CuNps and 5 % ZnONps to a universal adhesive decreases NL and gelatinolytic activity at the hybrid layer, without jeopardizing its adhesive properties. SIGNIFICANCE This randomized clinical trial with ex vivo analysis demonstrate that a commercial adhesive modified with 0.2wt % Cu and 5wt % ZnO Nps that does not affect its adhesive properties, reducing gelatinolytic activity and nanoleakage at the hybrid layer, which should contribute to an improvement of long term bonding-dentine clinical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Basualdo Allende
- Restorative Dentistry Departament, Faculty of Dentistry, Dental School, University of Chile, 8380544 Santiago, Chile; Graduate School, Faculty fo Dentistry , Universitity of Chile, 7500505, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fabio Dupart Nascimento
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Sao Paulo Molecular Biology Division, 04044-020 São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Romina Ñaupari-Villasante
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, 84030-900 Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - Cristian Bersezio Miranda
- Restorative Dentistry Departament, Faculty of Dentistry, Dental School, University of Chile, 8380544 Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Pardo-Díaz
- Restorative Dentistry Departament, Faculty of Dentistry, Dental School, University of Chile, 8380544 Santiago, Chile; Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, 84030-900 Ponta Grossa, Brazil; Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Valparaíso, 2360004 Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Mario Felipe Gutiérrez
- Restorative Dentistry Departament, Faculty of Dentistry, Dental School, University of Chile, 8380544 Santiago, Chile; Universidad de los Andes, Faculty of Dentistry, 7550000, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian Covarrubias
- Laboratory of Nanobiomaterials, Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, 8380544, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alessandro D Loguercio
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Ponta Grossa, 84030-900 Ponta Grossa, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Fernández
- Restorative Dentistry Departament, Faculty of Dentistry, Dental School, University of Chile, 8380544 Santiago, Chile; Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, 7500912 Providencia, Santiago, Chile.
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10
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Ma Q, Li J, Yu S, Liu Y, Zhou J, Wang X, Wang L, Zou J, Li Y. ActA-mediated PykF acetylation negatively regulates oxidative stress adaptability of Streptococcus mutans. mBio 2024:e0183924. [PMID: 39248567 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01839-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Dental caries is associated with microbial dysbiosis caused by the excessive proliferation of Streptococcus mutans in dental biofilms, where oxidative stress serves as the major stressor to microbial communities. The adaptability of S. mutans to oxidative stress is a prerequisite for its proliferation and even for exerting its virulence. Protein acetylation is a reversible and conserved regulatory mechanism enabling bacteria to rapidly respond to external environmental stressors. However, the functions of protein acetylation in regulating oxidative stress adaptability of S. mutans are still unknown. Here, we unveil the impact of acetyltransferase ActA-mediated acetylation on regulating the oxidative stress response of S. mutans. actA overexpression increased the sensitivity of S. mutans to hydrogen peroxide and diminished its competitive ability against Streptococcus sanguinis. In contrast, actA deletion enhanced oxidative stress tolerance and competitiveness of S. mutans. The mass spectrometric analysis identified pyruvate kinase (PykF) as a substrate of ActA, with its acetylation impairing its enzymatic activity and reducing pyruvate production. Supplementation with exogenous pyruvate mitigated oxidative stress sensitivity and restored competitiveness in multi-species biofilms. In vitro acetylation analysis further confirmed that ActA directly acetylates PykF, negatively affecting its enzymatic activity. Moreover, 18 potential lysine-acetylated sites on PykF were identified in vitro, which account for 75% of lysine-acetylated sites detected in vivo. Taken together, our study elucidates a novel regulatory mechanism of ActA-mediated acetylation of PykF in modulating oxidative stress adaptability of S. mutans by influencing pyruvate production, providing insights into the importance of protein acetylation in microbial environmental adaptability and interspecies interactions within dental biofilms. IMPORTANCE Dental caries poses a significant challenge to global oral health, driven by microbial dysbiosis within dental biofilms. The pathogenicity of Streptococcus mutans, a major cariogenic bacterium, is closely linked to its ability to adapt to changing environments and cellular stresses. Our investigation into the protein acetylation mechanisms, particularly through the acetyltransferase ActA, reveals a critical pathway by which S. mutans modulates its adaptability to oxidative stress, the dominant stressor within dental biofilms. By elucidating how ActA affects the oxidative stress adaptability and competitiveness of S. mutans through the regulatory axis of ActA-PykF-pyruvate, our findings provide insights into the dynamic interplay between cariogenic and commensal bacteria within dental biofilms. This work emphasizes the significance of protein acetylation in bacterial stress response and competitiveness, opening avenues for the development of novel strategies to maintain oral microbial balance within dental biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qizhao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuxing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingyun Wang
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jing Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Center for Archaeological Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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He S, Yon MJY, Liu F, Lo ECM, Yiu CKY, Chu CH, Lam PPY. PREVALENCE OF CARIES PATTERNS IN THE 21ST CENTURY PRESCHOOL CHILDREN: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS. J Evid Based Dent Pract 2024; 24:101992. [PMID: 39174169 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebdp.2024.101992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This systematic review aimed to describe and evaluate the caries patterns among the 21st century preschool children globally. METHOD Six electronic databases (Pubmed, Embase, Medline, Web of Science, EBSCOhost, and Scopus) were searched using predetermined terms. Dual independent screening of all retrieved abstracts was performed to identify studies conducted after year 2000 and the caries pattern among preschool children was investigated. Data regarding the prevalence of caries by tooth type and surface were extracted. Meta-analyses, subgroup analyses and meta-regression were carried out with the statistics software Stata using the random-effects model. RESULTS A total of 2642 records were screened, and 43 observational studies were finally included. Cavitated caries lesions were commonly found in the maxillary incisors and molars in both arches among preschool children. The highest caries prevalence was found in the maxillary central incisors (29.1%, 95%CI: 25.5%-32.7%) and the mandibular second molars (28.5%, 95%CI: 24.7%-32.3%), while the mandibular lateral incisors had the lowest prevalence (1.7%, 95%CI: 1.5%-2.0%). Occlusal surfaces of the mandibular molars were the most frequently affected by caries, whereas caries hardly affected the lingual surfaces of lower anterior teeth. Caries pattern on the left and right sides was symmetrical. The overall caries prevalence was significantly higher in the maxillary teeth. Caries prevalence was higher in the older children, whereas the caries pattern was not significantly different among children from countries with different human and economic development levels. CONCLUSION Cavitated carious lesions were more commonly observed in the maxillary incisors and molars in both arches. The prevalence of caries varies significantly with child's age and primary tooth type. However, preschool children exhibit a similar pattern of caries, regardless of the time, socioeconomic status or geographical location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyang He
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Madeline Jun Yu Yon
- Centre for Oral Clinical Research, Institute of Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Fei Liu
- Stomatology Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | | | | | - Chun Hung Chu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Ge KX, Quock R, Yan F, Lam WYH, Chu CH, Yu OY. Ion release of the glass ionomer restoration with silver diamine fluoride dentin pretreatment. J Dent 2024; 148:105247. [PMID: 39025427 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the fluoride and silver ion release of glass ionomer cement (GIC) restorations, including conventional GIC (CGIC) and resin-modified GIC (RMGIC) restorations, with 38 % silver diamine fluoride (SDF) solution dentin pretreatment. METHODS Eighty dentin blocks were allocated into 4 groups and restored with SDF+CGIC, CGIC, SDF+RMGIC and RMGIC, respectively. Each block was stored in deionized water at 37 °C for 2 years. Fluoride and silver ion concentration in storage solution was measured using ion-selective electrode and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry for up to 2 years. The cross-sectional surfaces of restored dentin blocks were assessed by X-Ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) after 1 week and 2 years, respectively. RESULTS The mean ± standard deviation (SD) of accumulative fluoride releasing in SDF+CGIC, CGIC, SDF+RMGIC and RMGIC for 2 years were 0.13±0.005 mg, 0.09±0.006 mg, 0.15±0.008 mg and 0.05±0.003 mg, respectively (Groups SDF+RMGIC > SDF+CGIC > CGIC >RMGIC, p < 0.05). The mean ± SD of accumulative silver releasing in SDF+CGIC, CGIC, SDF+RMGIC and RMGIC for 2 years were 0.03±0.009 mg, 0.00±0.00 mg, 0.01±0.003 mg, and 0.00±0.00 mg, respectively (Groups SDF+CGIC > SDF+RMGIC > CGIC&RMGIC, p < 0.05). Groups SDF+CGIC and SDF+RMGIC showed sustainably higher fluoride and silver releasing compared to Groups CGIC and RMGIC (p < 0.05). XRD analysis indicated the fluorapatite and silver chloride were observed only in Groups SDF+CGIC and SDF+RMGIC, but not in Groups CGIC and RMGIC. SEM images of the cross-sectional view of the dentin blocks showed silver crystals within dentinal tubules 1 week and 2-year in Groups with SDF pretreatment. CONCLUSION The 38 % SDF dentin pretreatment sustainably increased the fluoride and silver release of GIC and RMGIC restorations for up to 2 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Xingyun Ge
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, S.A.R., PR China
| | - Ryan Quock
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, S.A.R., PR China; Department of Restorative Dentistry and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Feng Yan
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Research Institute for Intelligent Wearable Systems, Hong Kong, S.A.R., PR China
| | - Walter Yu-Hang Lam
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, S.A.R., PR China
| | - Chun-Hung Chu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, S.A.R., PR China
| | - Ollie Yiru Yu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, S.A.R., PR China.
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Dai D, Li D, Zhang C. Unraveling Nanomaterials in Biomimetic Mineralization of Dental Hard Tissue: Focusing on Advantages, Mechanisms, and Prospects. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2405763. [PMID: 39206945 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202405763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The demineralization of dental hard tissue imposes considerable health and economic burdens worldwide, but an optimal method that can repair both the chemical composition and complex structures has not been developed. The continuous development of nanotechnology has created new opportunities for the regeneration and repair of dental hard tissue. Increasingly studies have reported that nanomaterials (NMs) can induce and regulate the biomimetic mineralization of dental hard tissue, but few studies have examined how they are involved in the different stages, let alone the relevant mechanisms of action. Besides their nanoscale dimensions and excellent designability, NMs play a corresponding role in the function of the raw materials for mineralization, mineralized microenvironment, mineralization guidance, and the function of mineralized products. This review comprehensively summarizes the advantages of NMs and examines the specific mineralization mechanisms. Design strategies to promote regeneration and repair are summarized according to the application purpose of NMs in the oral cavity, and limitations and development directions in dental hard tissue remineralization are proposed. This review can provide a theoretical basis to understand the interaction between NMs and the remineralization of dental hard tissue, thereby optimizing design strategy, rational development, and clinical application of NMs in the field of remineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danni Dai
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Dan Li
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
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14
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Aşık A, Önçağ Ö. Evaluation of the effect of self-assembling peptide and fluoride varnish, alone or in combination with laser irradiation, on artificial enamel caries: a SEM/EDS and Micro-CT study. Clin Oral Investig 2024; 28:503. [PMID: 39196467 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05901-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of remineralization agents such as fluoride varnish and P11-4, alone and in combination with Er: YAG laser, on in-vitro hard tissue repair in artificial enamel lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of sixty enamel surfaces of 4 × 5 mm in size were created on both the buccal and lingual sides of thirty extracted wisdom teeth. Remineralization agents were applied to the specimens that were grouped as follows: Group 1, control; Group 2, fluoride varnish (FV); Group 3, P11-4; Group 4, laser; Group 5, laser + FV; and Group 6, laser + P11-4. The fluorescence level was determined with DiagnoDent. The enamel mineral density, area and volume, and caries lesion area and volume were determined with micro-computed tomography (µCT), surface features were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and elemental analysis was performed using energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) . RESULTS For specimens treated only with self-assembling peptide P11-4, the caries lesion area (mm2) values were 38.19 and 21.62, and the caries lesion volume (mm3) values were 6.27 and 2.99, respectively for pre- and post-treatment. In combination usage of self-assembling peptide P11-4 and laser, the caries lesion area (mm2) values were 38.39 and 16.91, and the caries lesion volume (mm3) values were 11.15 and 3.64, respectively for pre- and post-treatment. In the application of the P11-4 alone and in combination with laser, there was a statistically significant decrease in DiagnoDent values, an increase in enamel volume(mm3),enamel area(mm2) and mineral density(g/cm3) values and a decrease in caries lesion volume(mm3) and area(mm2) obtained by µCT, and an increase in %Ca and %F values obtained by SEM/EDS analysis (p < 0.05). It was discovered that the samples treated with P11-4 had a considerably higher rise in the Ca/P ratio than the samples treated with FV (p < 0.05). The calcium content increased significantly more when P11-4 application was combined with laser irradiation (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The combined use of self-assembling peptide P11-4 and laser accelerated the remineralization process and increased the remineralization capacity. CLINICAL RELEVANCE FV and P11-4, alone or in combination with laser, can be successfully used as remineralization agents in initial enamel caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslı Aşık
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, İzmir Tınaztepe University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Özant Önçağ
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Ege University, Erzene Mah., Ankara Cad. No:172/109, İzmir, Turkey.
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15
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Klein-Franke E, Youssef E, Keilig L, Bourauel C, Dörsam I. Periapical Surgery and different Root Obturation Protocols for Upper Central Incisor: A Finite Elements Analysis. Ann Anat 2024; 256:152325. [PMID: 39197665 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine the effect of root canal filling using different obturation materials combined with apicoectomy in upper central incisors under loading with 1N and 100N. The effect of incomplete root formation was also investigated. METHODS Based on a CBCT-scan, a model of an upper central incisor was created. The model was altered to simulate different clinical situations: root canal treatment, apicoectomy at two different lengths and with different obturation protocols, and immature root formation after trauma. In each model the tooth was loaded with 1 and 100N, and peak Von Mises stress of bone and tooth, elastic strain of the periodontal ligament, as well as rotation and displacement of the tooth were measured. RESULTS Periapical surgery increases stress in dentin and the surrounding bone. Different obturation materials only produce minor differences in a coronally intact tooth. CONCLUSIONS Interincisal angle or loading direction strongly affects all measured values and needs to be considered when planning periapical surgery or comparing finite element analysis. Immature roots show the highest stress values in this study, reaching half the yield strength of dentine.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Klein-Franke
- Oral Technology, University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstr. 17, 53111 Bonn, Germany
| | - E Youssef
- Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry, University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstr. 17, 53111 Bonn, Germany
| | - L Keilig
- Oral Technology, University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstr. 17, 53111 Bonn, Germany; Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Preclinical Education and Materials Science, Dental School, University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstr. 17, 53111 Bonn, Germany
| | - C Bourauel
- Oral Technology, University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstr. 17, 53111 Bonn, Germany
| | - I Dörsam
- Oral Technology, University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstr. 17, 53111 Bonn, Germany; Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Preclinical Education and Materials Science, Dental School, University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstr. 17, 53111 Bonn, Germany.
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Xu Y, Mou J, Dai J. VMT/ACP/Dextran composite nanosheets against dental caries through promoting mineralization of dentin tubules, pH buffering, and antibacterial. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:490. [PMID: 39153990 PMCID: PMC11330022 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02709-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Dental caries is a worldwide public healthcare concern, and is closely related to the acidic environment that caused by bacterial decomposition of food. In this study, a two-step ion exchange liquid-phase stripping method was applied to strip out vermiculite (VMT) nanosheets, then amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) and dextran were inserted between the VMT nanosheets interlayer to obtain a composite two-dimension nanosheets (VMT/ACP/Dextran). VMT/ACP/Dextran composite nanosheets exhibited excellent biocompatibility and could provide exogenous Ca2+and PO43- from ACP, provide SiO44-, Mg2+, Fe2+ and obtain buffering pH and antibacterial properties from VMT, as well as improve suspension stability and targeting Streptococcus mutans through glucan. The in vitro study showed that the composite materials could promote the mineralization and sealing of dentin tubules by releasing active ions, buffer pH 4.5 (a value close to the pH in the dental plaque environment) to pH 6.6-7.1 (values close to the pH in human saliva) through ion exchange, and exert antibacterial effects by targeting Streptococcus mutans and exerting oxidase like and peroxidase like activities to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). The in vivo animal study showed that daily cleaning teeth using VMT/ACP/Dextran composite nanosheets could effectively reduce the incidence rate and severity of dental caries in rats. Taking together, the developed VMT/ACP/Dextran composite nanosheets, which integrated the excellent properties of VMT, ACP and dextran, can effectively prevent dental caries through a combination of factors such as buffering acids, antibacterial properties, and promoting calcification, and may be used as an active ingredient for daily oral hygiene or filling materials to prevent and treat dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Xu
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, No.639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Juan Mou
- The Key Laboratory of Resource Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China.
| | - Jiewen Dai
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, National Center for Stomatology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, No.639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai, 200011, China.
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Kondo M, Ishigami M, Omoda M, Takeshita M, Arimoto N, Nishimura R, Maehara T, Naito T, Kojima M, Umemura O, Yokota M, Hanada N, Wakai K, Naito M. Association between the number of existing teeth and maintenance dialysis therapy: A cross-sectional study of adult male dentists. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0309012. [PMID: 39150920 PMCID: PMC11329141 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0309012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Dental caries and periodontal disease are typical oral diseases frequently observed in patients with renal diseases. Tooth loss is an outcome of dental caries and periodontal disease, and the number of existing teeth is an indicator of oral health status. However, the association between the number of existing teeth and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) has not been investigated in detail. This study aimed to investigate the association between oral health status, expressed by the number of existing teeth, and ESKD. We analyzed data from the second survey of the Longitudinal Evaluation of Multi-phasic, Odontological, and Nutritional Associations in Dentists, a cohort study conducted among members of the Japan Dental Association. From August 2016 to July 2017, self-administered questionnaires were mailed to 16,128 male dentists and 8,722 responded. Among them, 7,479 men with complete data on age, number of existing teeth, and ESKD were included in the analysis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted, with ESKD as the dependent variable and the number of existing teeth (≥23 teeth and <23 teeth) as the independent variable. Subgroup analysis by age (<65 years and ≥65 years) was also conducted. The <23 teeth group had a significantly higher rate of ESKD than did the ≥23 teeth group. After adjusting for age, body mass index, smoking habits, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus, there was no significant association between having <23 teeth and ESKD in all participants. However, the subgroup analysis revealed a significant association after adjustment for covariates in participants aged <65 years but not in those aged ≥65 years. In conclusion, having <23 teeth was associated with the risk of requiring maintenance dialysis therapy among Japanese men aged <65 years. Therefore, tooth loss may be associated with renal function decline.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maho Omoda
- Aoba Ward Welfare and Health Center, Yokohama City, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Nishiki Arimoto
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Otemae College, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Rumi Nishimura
- Department of Oral Epidemiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tomoko Maehara
- Department of Public Oral Health, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Toru Naito
- Department of General Dentistry, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Nobuhiro Hanada
- Institute of Photochemistry and Photocatalyst, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Kenji Wakai
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Mariko Naito
- Department of Oral Epidemiology, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Shen L, Sun F, Wang Y, Liu Y, Xin Q, Zhu Z, Zhang H, Xu X, Ding C, Zheng L, Li J. Caries-Prone Primary Teeth: A Hidden Reason and Prophylactic Treatment in the Viewpoint of Materials Science. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:41881-41891. [PMID: 39092619 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c07388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Dental caries, the most prevalent chronic disease across all age groups, has a high prevalence, particularly among children. However, there is no specific and effective treatment for the prevention of caries in primary teeth (Pr.T.), which stems from a lack of knowledge regarding the basic nature of the tooth surface. Herein, we observed that the adhesion energies of the caries-related bacteria Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguinis to Pr.T were approximately 10 and 5.5 times higher than those to permanent teeth (Pe.T). A lower degree of mineralization and more hydrophilic characteristics of the Pr.T enamel account for this discrepancy. Accordingly, we proposed that the on-target modification of both hydroxyapatite and organic components on Pr.T by dual modification would render a sufficient hydration layer. This resulted in an approximately 11-time decrease in bacterial adhesion energy after treatment. In contrast, a single hydroxyapatite modification on Pe.T and young permanent teeth (Y.Pe.T) was sufficient to achieve a similar effect. Theoretical simulation further verified the rationality of the approach. Our findings may help understand the reason for Pr.T being caries-prone and provide references for treatment using resin restorations. This strategy offers valuable insights into daily oral hygiene and dental prophylactic treatment in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luxuan Shen
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Fan Sun
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Qiangwei Xin
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zhongpeng Zhu
- Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xinyuan Xu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Chunmei Ding
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Liwei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jianshu Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Med-X Center for Materials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610017, China
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19
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Al-Sarraj F, Albiheyri R, Qari M, Alotaibi M, Al-Zahrani M, Anwar Y, Alghamdi MA, Nass NM, Bouback T, Alotibi I, Radhwi O, Sajer BH, Redhwan A, Al-Matary MA, Almanzalawi EA, Elshafie HS. Genetic Patterns of Oral Cavity Microbiome in Patients with Sickle Cell Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8570. [PMID: 39201258 PMCID: PMC11354819 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The Middle Eastern prevalence of sickle cell anemia, a genetic disorder that affects red blood cells, necessitates additional research. On a molecular level, we sought to identify and sort the oral microbiota of healthy individuals and those with sickle cell anemia. Furthermore, it is crucial to comprehend how changes in the genetic makeup of the oral microbiota impact the state of sickle cell anemia. Using next-generation sequencing, the 16S rRNA amplicon was examined using saliva samples from 36 individuals with sickle cell anemia and healthy individuals. These samples were obtained from sickle cell anemia patients (18 samples) and healthy control participants (controls, 18 samples). Various analyses are conducted using bioinformatic techniques to identify distinct species and their relative abundance. Streptococcus, followed by Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella, and Veillonella were the most prevalent genera of bacteria in the saliva of the SCA and non-SCA individuals according to our findings. Rothia mucilaginosa, Prevotella scoposa, and Veillonella dispar species were the dominant species in both sickle cell anemia and non-sickle cell anemia subjects. Streptococcus salivarius, Actinomyces graevenitzii, Actinomyces odontolyticus, and Actinomyces georgiae spp. were the most prevalent bacterial spp. in the studied SCA cases. The sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene yielded relative abundance values that were visualized through a heatmap analysis. Alterations in the oral microflora's constitution can significantly affect the susceptibility of sickle cell anemia patients to develop more severe health complications. Salivary diagnosis is a potential tool for predicting and preventing oral microbiome-related diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Al-Sarraj
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.); (Y.A.); (M.A.A.); (N.M.N.); (T.B.); (B.H.S.); (M.A.A.-M.); (E.A.A.)
| | - Raed Albiheyri
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.); (Y.A.); (M.A.A.); (N.M.N.); (T.B.); (B.H.S.); (M.A.A.-M.); (E.A.A.)
- Centre of Excellence in BioNanoscience Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Qari
- Hematology Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.Q.); (O.R.)
- Hematology Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alotaibi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.); (Y.A.); (M.A.A.); (N.M.N.); (T.B.); (B.H.S.); (M.A.A.-M.); (E.A.A.)
| | - Majid Al-Zahrani
- Biological Science Department, College of Science and Art, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh 21991, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Yasir Anwar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.); (Y.A.); (M.A.A.); (N.M.N.); (T.B.); (B.H.S.); (M.A.A.-M.); (E.A.A.)
| | - Mashail A. Alghamdi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.); (Y.A.); (M.A.A.); (N.M.N.); (T.B.); (B.H.S.); (M.A.A.-M.); (E.A.A.)
| | - Nada M. Nass
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.); (Y.A.); (M.A.A.); (N.M.N.); (T.B.); (B.H.S.); (M.A.A.-M.); (E.A.A.)
- Immunology Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thamer Bouback
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.); (Y.A.); (M.A.A.); (N.M.N.); (T.B.); (B.H.S.); (M.A.A.-M.); (E.A.A.)
- Princess Dr. Najla Bint Saud Al-Saud Center for Excellence Research in Biotechnology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Alotibi
- Health Information Technology Department, Applied College, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Osman Radhwi
- Hematology Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (M.Q.); (O.R.)
- Hematology Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bayan H. Sajer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.); (Y.A.); (M.A.A.); (N.M.N.); (T.B.); (B.H.S.); (M.A.A.-M.); (E.A.A.)
- Immunology Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alya Redhwan
- Department of Health, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammed A. Al-Matary
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.); (Y.A.); (M.A.A.); (N.M.N.); (T.B.); (B.H.S.); (M.A.A.-M.); (E.A.A.)
- Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Sana’a University, Sana’a P.O. Box 1247, Yemen
| | - Enas A. Almanzalawi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (R.A.); (Y.A.); (M.A.A.); (N.M.N.); (T.B.); (B.H.S.); (M.A.A.-M.); (E.A.A.)
| | - Hazem S. Elshafie
- Department of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences (DAFE), University of Basilicata, Via dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
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20
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Williams I, Tuckerman JS, Peters DI, Bangs M, Williams E, Shin IJ, Kaspar JR. A Strain of Streptococcus mitis Inhibits Biofilm Formation of Caries Pathogens via Abundant Hydrogen Peroxide Production. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.06.606862. [PMID: 39149263 PMCID: PMC11326308 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.06.606862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Commensal oral streptococci that colonize supragingival biofilms deploy mechanisms to combat competitors within their niche. Here, we determined that Streptococcus mitis more effectively inhibited biofilm formation of Streptococcus mutans within a seven species panel. This phenotype was common amongst all assayed isolates of S. mutans, but was specific to a single strain of S. mitis, ATCC 49456. The growth inhibitory factor was not effectively carried in spent supernatants of S. mitis. However, we documented ATCC 49456 to accumulate 4-5 times more hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) than other species tested, and 5-18 times more than other S. mitis strains assayed. The S. mutans biofilm formation inhibitory phenotype was reduced when grown in media containing catalase or with a S. mitis mutant of pyruvate oxidase (spxB; pox), confirming that SpxB-dependent H2O2 production was the main antagonistic factor. Addition of S. mitis within hours after S. mutans inoculation was effective at reducing biofilm biomass, but not for 24 h pre-formed biofilms. Transcriptome analysis revealed responses for both S. mitis and S. mutans, with several S. mutans differentially expressed genes following a gene expression pattern previously described, while others being unique to the interaction with S. mitis. Finally, we show that S. mitis also affected coculture biofilm formation of several other commensal streptococci. Our study shows that strains with abundant H2O2 production are effective at inhibiting initial growth of caries pathogens like S. mutans, but are less effective at disrupting pre-formed biofilms and have the potential to influence the stability of other oral commensal strains.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniel I. Peters
- Division of Biosciences, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Madisen Bangs
- Division of Biosciences, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Emily Williams
- Division of Biosciences, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Iris J. Shin
- Division of Biosciences, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Justin R. Kaspar
- Division of Biosciences, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, Ohio
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21
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Zhang H, Mu R, Wang Z, Peng S, Yang XY, Qin X. Trans-Cinnamaldehyde Inhibition of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase: Effects on Streptococcus mutans Carbohydrate Metabolism. J Proteome Res 2024; 23:3682-3695. [PMID: 39037832 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.4c00382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Dental caries is a chronic oral infectious disease, and Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) plays an important role in the formation of dental caries. Trans-cinnamaldehyde (CA) exhibits broad-spectrum antibacterial activity; however, its target and mechanism of action of CA on S. mutans needs to be further explored. In this study, it was verified that CA could inhibit the growth and biofilm formation of S. mutans. Further proteomic analysis identified 33, 55, and 78 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in S. mutans treated with CA for 1, 2, and 4 h, respectively. Bioinformatics analysis showed that CA interfered with carbohydrate metabolism, glycolysis, pyruvate metabolism, and the TCA cycle, as well as amino acid metabolism of S. mutans. Protein interactions suggested that pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) plays an important role in the antibacterial effect of CA. Moreover, the upstream and downstream pathways related to PDH were verified by various assays, and the results proved that CA not only suppressed the glucose and sucrose consumption and inhibited glucosyltransferase (GTF) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities but also decreased the ATP production. Interestingly, the protein interaction, qRT-PCR, and molecular docking analysis showed that PDH might be the target of CA to fight S. mutans. In summary, the study shows that CA interferes with the carbohydrate metabolism of bacteria by inhibiting glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle via binding to PDH, which verifies that PDH is a potential target for the development of new drugs against S. mutans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyi Zhang
- School of Biological Engineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Guangdong 519041, China
| | - Ran Mu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Fifth Clinical Institute, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Guangdong 519041, China
| | - Zhengxiao Wang
- School of Biological Engineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Guangdong 519041, China
| | - Shuting Peng
- School of Biological Engineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Guangdong 519041, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Yang
- School of Biological Engineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Guangdong 519041, China
| | - Xiaofei Qin
- School of Biological Engineering, Zhuhai Campus of Zunyi Medical University, Guangdong 519041, China
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22
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di Cologna NDM, Andresen S, Samaddar S, Archer-Hartmann S, Rogers AM, Kajfasz JK, Ganguly T, Garcia BA, Saengpet I, Peterson AM, Azadi P, Szymanski CM, Lemos JA, Abranches J. Post-translational modification by the Pgf glycosylation machinery modulates Streptococcus mutans OMZ175 physiology and virulence. Mol Microbiol 2024; 122:133-151. [PMID: 37972006 PMCID: PMC11096274 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.15190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus mutans is commonly associated with dental caries and the ability to form biofilms is essential for its pathogenicity. We recently identified the Pgf glycosylation machinery of S. mutans, responsible for the post-translational modification of the surface-associated adhesins Cnm and WapA. Since the four-gene pgf operon (pgfS-pgfM1-pgfE-pgfM2) is part of the S. mutans core genome, we hypothesized that the scope of the Pgf system goes beyond Cnm and WapA glycosylation. In silico analyses and tunicamycin sensitivity assays suggested a functional overlap between the Pgf machinery and the rhamnose-glucose polysaccharide synthesis pathway. Phenotypic characterization of pgf mutants (ΔpgfS, ΔpgfE, ΔpgfM1, ΔpgfM2, and Δpgf) revealed that the Pgf system is important for biofilm formation, surface charge, membrane stability, and survival in human saliva. Moreover, deletion of the entire pgf operon (Δpgf strain) resulted in significantly impaired colonization in a rat oral colonization model. Using Cnm as a model, we showed that Cnm is heavily modified with N-acetyl hexosamines but it becomes heavily phosphorylated with the inactivation of the PgfS glycosyltransferase, suggesting a crosstalk between these two post-translational modification mechanisms. Our results revealed that the Pgf machinery contributes to multiple aspects of S. mutans pathobiology that may go beyond Cnm and WapA glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silke Andresen
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Sandip Samaddar
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Ashley Marie Rogers
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Jessica K. Kajfasz
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Tridib Ganguly
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Bruna A. Garcia
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Irene Saengpet
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Alexandra M. Peterson
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Parastoo Azadi
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Christine M. Szymanski
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - José A. Lemos
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jacqueline Abranches
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL, USA
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23
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Huang G, Cao G, Liu J, Liu M. Global trends in incidence of caries in permanent teeth of children aged 5 through 14 years, 1990 through 2019. J Am Dent Assoc 2024; 155:667-678.e21. [PMID: 38958613 DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2024.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND School-aged children are in the stage of permanent tooth eruption to replace primary teeth and this can be reached at a life stage when their health habits are being formed due to a large amount of time in school. However, data on the global trend in incidence of caries in permanent teeth in school-aged children are sparse. This study aimed to assess the trends in incidence of caries in permanent teeth in children aged 5 through 14 years from 1990 through 2019 at the global, regional, and national levels. METHODS The authors collected data on incidence of caries in permanent teeth in children aged 5 through 14 years from 1990 through 2019 from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) to assess trends at the global, regional, and national levels. RESULTS Globally, incident cases of caries in permanent teeth in children aged 5 through 14 years increased by 15.25% from 1990 through 2019, and the incidence rate remained stable during this period, with incidence rates of 34.04% in 1990 and 33.93% in 2019. The incidence rate increased at an average annual percentage change of 0.08% (95% CI, 0.06% to 0.10%) and 0.07% (95% CI, 0.05% to 0.09%) from 1990 through 2019 in low and low-middle sociodemographic index regions, respectively. An increasing trend also was observed in nearly one-half of GBD regions and more than one-half of the world's countries from 1990 through 2019 (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS Global incidence of caries in permanent teeth remained stable at a high level in children aged 5 through 14 years, but there was a trend toward increasing rates in nearly one-half of sociodemographic index or GBD regions and more than one-half of the world's countries and territories from 1990 through 2019. These findings suggest that caries in permanent teeth is a priority health issue in school-aged children worldwide. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Reducing free sugar intake and implementing school-based effective caries prevention programs, such as school water fluoridation, provision of fluoride tablets at school, and school dental sealant programs, are needed for school-aged children.
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24
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Chin D, Ramalingam L, Harrison J, Silva M. Oral health and related outcomes in children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis: a scoping review. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2024; 25:455-469. [PMID: 38990412 PMCID: PMC11341622 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-024-00885-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Good oral health is important for children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis (CF). The purpose of this scoping review is to describe the existing evidence base regarding oral health in children and adolescents with CF and provide recommendations for future research. METHODS Using a scoping review framework, a comprehensive search was undertaken using medline, embase, and PubMed. The search strategy included broad terms relating to CF, oral health, and children and adolescents and included only papers written in English. RESULTS 61 articles were included. Topics investigated included dental caries, enamel defects, periodontal health, dental staining, oral health related quality of life, dental management, and dental development of children and adolescents with CF. CONCLUSION Dental outcomes of children and adolescents with CF differ from the healthy population. The current literature describing dental health in children and adolescents with CF includes predominately descriptive analyses. A shift to hypothesis-based studies to explore causal relationships that explain the differences in dental outcomes seen in the CF population offers an opportunity to better understand the problems faced by children and adolescents with CF. Research that actively engages stakeholders, including children and adolescents with CF and their families will enable evidence-based recommendations to improve their oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Chin
- Inflammatory Origins, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3053, Australia
- Department of Dentistry, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - L Ramalingam
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3053, Australia
- Department of Dentistry, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - J Harrison
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Respiratory Diseases, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - M Silva
- Inflammatory Origins, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3053, Australia.
- Department of Dentistry, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
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25
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Brondani B, Knorst JK, Ardenghi TM, Mendes FM, Brondani MA. Community and individual socioeconomic inequalities and dental caries from childhood to adolescence: A 10-year cohort study. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2024; 52:540-549. [PMID: 38402550 DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of individual and contextual socioeconomic inequalities in the occurrence of untreated dental caries during the transition from childhood to adolescence. METHODS This 10-year prospective cohort study followed up an initial sample of 639 1-5 years old schoolchildren from southern Brazil. After 7 and 10 years from the baseline (T1), two other reassessments were conducted (T2 and T3), respectively. Untreated dental caries was measured through the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS- scores 3, 5 and 6) at T1 and T3. Socioeconomic status (SES) at the contextual and individual level was assessed at T1. At T2, socioeconomic, behavioural and psychosocial characteristics were evaluated as possible pathways of explanation. Structural equation modelling was used to estimate the direct and indirect effects among the variables over 10 years. RESULTS A total of 429 adolescents were reevaluated at 10-year follow-up (cohort retention rate of 67.1%). About 30.6% presented untreated dental caries at T3. Low individual SES at T1 directly impacted a higher occurrence of dental caries at T3. Non-white skin colour at T1 also indirectly impacted a higher occurrence of dental caries at T3 through low individual SES at T1 and lower household income at T2. Contextual SES did not predict, directly or indirectly, dental caries at T3. CONCLUSION There is strong evidence that socioeconomic inequalities at the individual level play an important role on the occurrence of dental caries from childhood to adolescence. On the other hand, there was no evidence that contextual SES influences the occurrence of dental caries over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Brondani
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jessica K Knorst
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Thiago M Ardenghi
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Fausto M Mendes
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Dentistry, Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mário A Brondani
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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26
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Sun R, Xu X, Dong Y, Li J, Guan W, Huang Y, Li S, Wang Y, Li J. Global and regional trends in prevalence of untreated caries in permanent teeth: Age-period-cohort analysis from 1990 to 2019 and projections until 2049. J Dent 2024; 147:105122. [PMID: 38871071 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to update the relevant epidemiological information of untreated caries in permanent teeth. METHODS Data were derived from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study 2019. We described temporal trends in age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR) of untreated caries in permanent teeth by gender and region from 1990 to 2019. Age-period-cohort (APC) model was utilized to analyze age, period and cohort effects on prevalence, and we used the Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) model to make projections of prevalence between 2020 and 2049. RESULTS The global ASPR of untreated caries in permanent teeth presented a decreasing trend from 1990 to 2019 (26593.58/105 vs. 25625.53/105), with females exceeding males annually. Negative correlation was observed between ASPR and Socio-demographic Index (SDI) levels. APC analyses showed that net drift was -0.16 % globally and generally below 0 across all SDI regions. The overall global peak in prevalence occurred in the 20-24 years group (36319.99/105), and there was a decrease trend in the overall global period rate ratio (RR). Compared to younger birth cohorts, prior birth cohorts had higher prevalence risks globally and across all SDI regions. Significant upward trends was predicted in the global ASPR of untreated caries in permanent teeth for both genders from 2020 to 2049. CONCLUSIONS Age-period-cohort effects exerted a significant impact on the prevalence of untreated caries in permanent teeth during the study period. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The ASPR of untreated caries in permanent teeth may increase in the next 30 years by projections. And the disease burden of untreated caries in permanent teeth may be affected by population ageing. It is essential to implement targeted prevention and control policies to disadvantaged groups and attempt to reduce caries inequalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongyin Sun
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261031, Shandong Province, PR China; School of Stomatology, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Xin Xu
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261031, Shandong Province, PR China; School of Stomatology, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Yanli Dong
- Weizi Street Health Center of Changyi, Weifang, 261300, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Jin Li
- Weifang People's Hospital, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261000, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Weizhen Guan
- School of Stomatology, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Yushan Huang
- School of Stomatology, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Shunhang Li
- School of Stomatology, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong Province, PR China
| | - Yanxia Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang 261031, Shandong Province, PR China.
| | - Jing Li
- School of Public Health, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, 261053, Shandong Province, PR China.
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Rajasekar N, Mohanraj KG, Mary Martin T, K MS. Advanced Dental Care: β-Chitosan Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Targeting Cariogenic Microorganisms. Cureus 2024; 16:e66296. [PMID: 39238748 PMCID: PMC11376470 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.66296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Dental caries, primarily caused by cariogenic microorganisms, remains a significant global health concern. β-Chitosan, known for its biofilm-targeting properties, and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs), recognized for their potent antimicrobial effects, offer a promising approach for caries prevention and treatment. This study investigates the synthesis, characterization, and antimicrobial properties of β-Chitosan-derived ZnO NPs (β-Ch-ZnO-NPs) against these pathogens. Methodology β-Chitosan from fresh squid bones was isolated using demineralization and deproteinization methods. β-Ch-ZnO-NPs were synthesized and characterized using UV-vis spectroscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to confirm their size, shape, and stability. Antibacterial efficacy(agar well plate method)was assessed through standardized assays, demonstrating significant inhibition of cariogenic bacteria. The results were represented as mean± standard deviation. The Kruskal-Wallis test with post hoc analysis (Mann-Whitney U test) was conducted for statistical analysis. Molecular docking studies (blind docking method) were conducted to elucidate the interactions between β-Ch-ZnO-NPs and key bacterial enzymes involved in microbial genetic material synthesis, also known as dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH, PDB ID-2J0Y). Results The synthesized β-Ch-ZnO-NPs exhibited well-defined characteristics verified by UV-vis spectroscopy and FTIR confirming their nanoparticulate nature and stability. The antimicrobial effects of Streptomycin (50 µg/mL) and β-Ch-ZnO-NPs were compared across various microorganisms. β-Ch-ZnO-NPs at 100 µg/mL consistently showed larger inhibition zones than Streptomycin and β-Ch-ZnO-NPs at 50 µg/mL against Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, and Candida albicans.This suggests that β-Ch-ZnO-NPs at a higher concentration have potent antimicrobial activity across a broad spectrum of pathogens, highlighting their potential as effective antimicrobial agents. Kruskal-Wallis test showed statistically significant differences (P < 0.001) for all microbes, and post hoc analysis (Mann-Whitney U test) confirmed the P-value was less than 0.05. Molecular docking studies indicated strong binding affinities between β-Ch-ZnO-NPs and bacterial enzymes crucial for biofilm formation, suggesting inhibition of enzyme activity critical for bacterial virulence and survival. Conclusions This study highlights the synergistic potential of β-Chitosan and zinc oxide NPs in combating dental caries. The synthesized β-Ch-ZnO-NPs demonstrated effective antimicrobial activity against cariogenic microorganisms, attributed to their ability to disrupt bacterial metabolism and inhibit biofilm formation. Molecular docking analysis provided mechanistic insights into how β-Ch-ZnO-NPs interact with bacterial enzymes, reinforcing their role in impeding biofilm development. Overall, the findings support using β-Ch-ZnO-NPs as a promising therapeutic strategy for preventing and treating dental caries, leveraging their combined biofilm-targeting capabilities and antimicrobial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishitha Rajasekar
- Department of Anatomy, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS) Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Karthik Ganesh Mohanraj
- Department of Anatomy, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS) Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Taniya Mary Martin
- Department of Anatomy, Biomedical Research Unit and Laboratory Animal Center, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS) Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
| | - Meenakshi Sundaram K
- Department of Anatomy, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS) Saveetha University, Chennai, IND
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Han S, Wang L, Peng X, Wang J, Ou Y, Tao Y, Ding L, Zhang L. Amelogenin-Inspired Autoadaptive Peptide in a Caries Microenvironment Facilitates Long-Term Protection of the Dentin-Pulp Complex. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 39046307 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c07981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
Dental caries, one of the most prevalent infectious diseases, is the primary contributor to the early loss of natural teeth and is a significant public health issue. Known as the tooth's bioactive core, the dentin-pulp complex (DPCX) comprises tightly connected hard and soft tissues that not only serve as a biological barrier for the inner tooth tissue but also produce reparative dentin following mild disruptions. While efforts to preserve DPCX are numerous, most strategies focus on temporary antibacterial measures, inflammation reduction, or tissue regeneration, lacking a comprehensive, long-lasting solution. In this study, TVH-19, an autoadaptive peptide mimicking the pH- and ion-responsive capacity of amelogenin, was designed to exert multifaceted preservation of DPCX, providing a comprehensive strategy for preserving vital pulp. Leveraging its unique amphiphilicity-related cell penetration and ion/pH-responsive self-assembly properties, TVH-19 outperforms conventional pulp preservation materials by being capable of rapid cell penetration, minimizing diffused side effects, providing environment-responsive self-assembly/disassembly for balanced long-term antibacterial and cell protection, and facilitating the formation of lysosomal-escaping intracellular aggregates for the continuous activation of PDGFRα+ dental pulp stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sili Han
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
- Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Luoyao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
- Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Xiu Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
- Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
- Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Yeling Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
- Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Yu Tao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan & School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, P. R. China
| | - Longjiang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
| | - Linglin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
- Department of Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P. R. China
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Fakhri E, SadrHaghighi A, Sarvari R, Torabi M, Azizi Y, Eskandarinezhad M, Sedighnia N, Keyhanvar P, Amirsaadat S. Colloidal chitosan-silver nanoparticles-fluoride nanocomposite as an antibacterial mouthwash against salivary Streptococcus mutans in orthodontic patients (a randomized clinical trial). Clin Oral Investig 2024; 28:435. [PMID: 39028340 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05802-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to synthesize and characterize colloidal chitosan-silver nanoparticles-fluoride nanocomposite (CCAgNPF) and evaluate its efficacy compared to chlorhexidine on salivary Streptococcus mutans in orthodontic patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS AgNPs stabilized with chitosan were synthesized by chemical reduction of AgNO3. The nanoparticles were characterized with SEM, FTIR, DLS and ICP-OES. The MIC and MBC against S. mutans and IC50 concentration of CCAgNPF were obtained for antibacterial and cytotoxicity evaluations, respectively. For the clinical study, a total of 45 orthodontic patients were divided into three groups of 15 and used the following mouthwashes twice a day for 1 month: CCAgNPF, chlorhexidine 0.2% and the combination of these mouthwashes. The colony count of salivary S. mutans was evaluated before and after using the mouthwashes. The data were analyzed using One-way ANOVA and Tukey's test. RESULTS Stabilized AgNPs were spherical with a diameter of 25.3 ± 3.3 nm. The MIC, MBC and IC50 of CCAgNPF were 4.42, 8.85 and 18.89 µg/ml. All mouthwashes reduced the salivary S. mutans of the orthodontic patients, however, no significant difference was found between the efficacy of CCAgNPF and chlorhexidine (P-value > 0.05). The best results were achieved by the combination of CCAgNPF and chlorhexidine mouthwashes (P-value < 0.05). CONCLUSION The CCAgNPF and its combination with chlorhexidine present potent bactericidal, biocompatible and effective anti-carious mouthwashes for orthodontic patients. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study proved CCAgNPF as an antibacterial mouthwash with lower cytotoxicity and side effects for patients undergoing orthodontic treatments to maintain oral hygiene and reduce salivary S. mutans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Fakhri
- Dental and Periodontal Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences IR, Tabriz, Iran
| | - AmirHooman SadrHaghighi
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences IR, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Raana Sarvari
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences IR, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mitra Torabi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences IR, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yasaman Azizi
- Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences IR, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahsa Eskandarinezhad
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences IR, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Negar Sedighnia
- Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences IR, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Peyman Keyhanvar
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Soumayeh Amirsaadat
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Hung M, Mohajeri A, Sadri M, Khodabandeh E, Zeitoun I, Lipsky MS. The Association of Vitamin D Levels and Dental Caries in Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:2307. [PMID: 39064749 PMCID: PMC11279458 DOI: 10.3390/nu16142307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Most research examining vitamin D and dental caries focuses on children and younger adults. This study investigated the association between vitamin D levels and dental caries in older adults using data from the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2011 to 2016. METHODS Data were analyzed from 2723 participants aged 65 years and older who completed both dental examinations and serum 25(OH)D tests. Dental caries assessments included the decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index and the presence of untreated dental caries. Vitamin D levels were measured as serum 25(OH)D concentrations and categorized as severely deficient (<25 nmol/L), deficient (25-49.9 nmol/L), insufficient (50-74.9 nmol/L), and normal (≥75 nmol/L). Logistic regression and Poisson regression models were used to assess the association between vitamin D levels and dental caries, adjusting for demographic factors. RESULTS The mean DMFT score was 17.73 ± 8.34, with 35.1% of participants having untreated dental caries. Vitamin D deficiency was associated with a 1.44 times higher likelihood of untreated caries (95% CI: 1.15, 1.81), which weakened after adjustment for demographic factors (adjusted OR: 1.23, 95% CI: 0.97, 1.55). Severe vitamin D deficiency correlated with a 1.13 times higher DMFT score (95% CI: 1.06, 1.20), with the association remaining similar after adjustment (adjusted RR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.20). Significant differences in vitamin D levels were observed across gender, race/ethnicity, and country of birth. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests the potential importance of adequate vitamin D levels for maintaining dental health among older adults. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with a higher risk of poorer DMFT scores. Public health strategies that include vitamin D screening and supplementation, particularly for high-risk groups, may improve oral health outcomes in the older adult population. Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms by which vitamin D influences dental health and the potential for vitamin D supplementation to reduce the burden of dental caries in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Hung
- College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, South Jordan, UT 84095, USA; (A.M.); (I.Z.)
- Division of Public Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- School of Business, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
- The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Amir Mohajeri
- College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, South Jordan, UT 84095, USA; (A.M.); (I.Z.)
| | - Mahsa Sadri
- College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, South Jordan, UT 84095, USA; (A.M.); (I.Z.)
| | - Elahe Khodabandeh
- College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, South Jordan, UT 84095, USA; (A.M.); (I.Z.)
| | - Ibrahim Zeitoun
- College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, South Jordan, UT 84095, USA; (A.M.); (I.Z.)
| | - Martin S. Lipsky
- College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, South Jordan, UT 84095, USA; (A.M.); (I.Z.)
- Institute on Aging, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97201, USA
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Tsai YH, Milbrandt NB, Prado RC, Ponce NB, Alam MM, Qiu SR, Yu X, Burda C, Kim TKJ, Samia ACS. Effect of Nitrogen Doping on the Photocatalytic Properties and Antibiofilm Efficacy of Reduced TiO 2 Nanoparticles. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2024; 7:4580-4592. [PMID: 38958462 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.4c00459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Nanomaterial-mediated antibacterial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) emerges as a promising treatment against antibiotic-resistant bacterial biofilms. Specifically, titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) are being investigated as photosensitizers in aPDT to address biofilm related diseases. To enhance their photocatalytic performance in the visible spectral range for biomedical applications, various strategies have been adopted, including reduction of TiO2 NPs. However, despite improvements in visible-light photoactivity, reduced TiO2 NPs have yet to reach their expected performance primarily due to the instability of oxygen vacancies and their tendency to reoxidize easily. To address this, we present a two-step approach to fabricate highly visible-light active and stable TiO2 NP photocatalysts, involving nitrogen doping followed by a magnesium-assisted reductive annealing process. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis of the synthesized reduced nitrogen-doped TiO2 NPs (H:Mg-N-TiO2 NPs) reveals that the presence of nitrogen stabilizes oxygen vacancies and reduced Ti species, leading to increased production of reactive oxygen species under visible-light excitation. The improved aPDT efficiency translates to a 3-fold enhancement in the antibiofilm activity of nitrogen-doped compared to undoped reduced TiO2 NPs against both Gram-positive (Streptococcus mutans) and Gram-negative (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum) oral pathogens. These results underscore the potential of H:Mg-N-TiO2 NPs in aPDT for combating bacterial biofilms effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hsin Tsai
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Nathalie B Milbrandt
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Ross Clark Prado
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Nicole Beatrice Ponce
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Md Masud Alam
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - S Roger Qiu
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratyory, Livermore, California 94551, United States
| | - Xiong Yu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Clemens Burda
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Tae Kyong John Kim
- Swagelok Center for Surface Analysis of Materials, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
| | - Anna Cristina S Samia
- Department of Chemistry, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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Garibay-Alvarado JA, Garcia-Zamarron DJ, Silva-Holguín PN, Donohue-Cornejo A, Cuevas-González JC, Espinosa-Cristóbal LF, Ruíz-Baltazar ÁDJ, Reyes-López SY. Polymer-Based Hydroxyapatite-Silver Composite Resin with Enhanced Antibacterial Activity for Dental Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:2017. [PMID: 39065334 PMCID: PMC11280866 DOI: 10.3390/polym16142017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The primary objective of this investigation was to synthesize a resin incorporating nanoparticles of hydroxyapatite and silver (HA-NpsAg) to enhance biocompatibility and antimicrobial efficacy, thereby facilitating potential implementation within the dental industry. These enhancements aim to ensure reliable, durable, functional, and aesthetically pleasing restorations while concurrently reducing susceptibility to bacterial colonization within the oral cavity. Hydroxyapatite powders were prepared using the sol-gel method and doped with silver nanoparticles obtained by chemical reduction. The crystalline amorphous calcium phosphate powder had a particle size of 279 nm, and the silver nanoparticles had an average diameter of 26.5 nm. Resin spheres containing HA-NpsAg (RHN) were then synthesized at two concentrations (0.5% and 1%) by dissolving the initial monomer mixture in tetrahydrofuran. Subsequent antimicrobial evaluations were conducted via agar diffusion and turbidimetry, employing three strains of Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli, K. oxytoca, and P. aeruginosa) and three strains of Gram-positive bacteria (S. mutans, S. aureus, and B. subtilis). The findings revealed that P. aeruginosa exhibited maximum susceptibility to RHN powder at a concentration of 0.5%, while RHN powder at 1% concentration demonstrated maximal inhibition against S. aureus and S. mutans. Overall, our study highlights the successful synthesis of a dental resin with hydroxyapatite and silver nanoparticles, exhibiting bactericidal properties at low silver concentrations. These findings hold promise for enhancing dental materials with improved antimicrobial efficacy and clinical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Alberto Garibay-Alvarado
- Laboratorio de Materiales Híbridos Nanoestructurados, Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n, Ciudad Juárez 32300, Mexico; (J.A.G.-A.); (P.N.S.-H.); (Á.d.J.R.-B.)
| | - Diana Juana Garcia-Zamarron
- Programa de Maestría en Ciencias Odontológicas, Departamento de Estomatología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez (UACJ), Envolvente del PRONAF and Estocolmo s/n, Ciudad Juárez 32310, Mexico; (D.J.G.-Z.); (A.D.-C.); (J.C.C.-G.); (L.F.E.-C.)
| | - Pamela Nair Silva-Holguín
- Laboratorio de Materiales Híbridos Nanoestructurados, Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n, Ciudad Juárez 32300, Mexico; (J.A.G.-A.); (P.N.S.-H.); (Á.d.J.R.-B.)
| | - Alejandro Donohue-Cornejo
- Programa de Maestría en Ciencias Odontológicas, Departamento de Estomatología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez (UACJ), Envolvente del PRONAF and Estocolmo s/n, Ciudad Juárez 32310, Mexico; (D.J.G.-Z.); (A.D.-C.); (J.C.C.-G.); (L.F.E.-C.)
| | - Juan Carlos Cuevas-González
- Programa de Maestría en Ciencias Odontológicas, Departamento de Estomatología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez (UACJ), Envolvente del PRONAF and Estocolmo s/n, Ciudad Juárez 32310, Mexico; (D.J.G.-Z.); (A.D.-C.); (J.C.C.-G.); (L.F.E.-C.)
| | - León Francisco Espinosa-Cristóbal
- Programa de Maestría en Ciencias Odontológicas, Departamento de Estomatología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez (UACJ), Envolvente del PRONAF and Estocolmo s/n, Ciudad Juárez 32310, Mexico; (D.J.G.-Z.); (A.D.-C.); (J.C.C.-G.); (L.F.E.-C.)
| | - Álvaro de Jesús Ruíz-Baltazar
- Laboratorio de Materiales Híbridos Nanoestructurados, Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n, Ciudad Juárez 32300, Mexico; (J.A.G.-A.); (P.N.S.-H.); (Á.d.J.R.-B.)
- CONAHCYT-Centro de Física Aplicada y Tecnología Avanzada, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Santiago de Querétaro 76230, Mexico
| | - Simón Yobanny Reyes-López
- Laboratorio de Materiales Híbridos Nanoestructurados, Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Envolvente del PRONAF y Estocolmo s/n, Ciudad Juárez 32300, Mexico; (J.A.G.-A.); (P.N.S.-H.); (Á.d.J.R.-B.)
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Sun Y, Chen Y, Du Q, Zhang J, Xu M, Zheng G, Zhou W, Zhou X, Qiu L, Pan Y, Zhang K. Fluoride-resistant Streptococcus mutans within cross-kingdom biofilms support Candida albicans growth under fluoride and attenuate the in vitro anti-caries effect of fluorine. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1399525. [PMID: 39035442 PMCID: PMC11257928 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1399525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Fluoride-resistant Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) might affect the ecological balance of biofilms in the presence of fluoride. We used a S. mutans and Candida albicans (C. albicans) cross-kingdom biofilm model to investigate whether fluoride-resistant S. mutans in biofilms would support C. albicans growth under fluoride stress and attenuate the in vitro anti-caries effect of fluorine. The impact of fluoride-resistant S. mutans on formation of cross-kingdom biofilms by S. mutans and C. albicans in the presence of fluoride was investigated in vitro using the crystal violet staining assay. Biofilm constitution was determined using colony-forming unit (CFU) counts and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). Extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) generation in biofilms was determined by EPS/bacterial dying and water-insoluble polysaccharide detection. Acid production and demineralization were monitored using pH, lactic acid content, and transversal microradiography (TMR). The gene expression of microorganisms in the cross-kingdom biofilm was measured using qRT-PCR. Our results showed that both C. albicans and fluoride-resistant S. mutans grew vigorously, forming robust cross-kingdom biofilms, even in the presence of sodium fluoride (NaF). Moreover, fluoride-resistant S. mutans-containing cross-kingdom biofilms had considerable cariogenic potential for EPS synthesis, acid production, and demineralization ability in the presence of NaF than fluoride-sensitive S. mutans-containing biofilms. Furthermore, the gene expression of microorganisms in the two cross-kingdom biofilms changed dissimilarly in the presence of NaF. In summary, fluoride-resistant S. mutans in cross-kingdom biofilms supported C. albicans growth under fluoride and might attenuate the anti-caries potential of fluorine by maintaining robust cross-kingdom biofilm formation and cariogenic virulence expression in vitro in the presence of NaF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Sun
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yanhan Chen
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qian Du
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Muxin Xu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Gaozhe Zheng
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wen Zhou
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial, Stomatological Key Lab of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xinxuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lili Qiu
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yihuai Pan
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Keke Zhang
- School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Kury M, Esteban Florez FL, Tabchoury CPM, Cavalli V. Effects of experimental in-office bleaching gels incorporated with co-doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles on dental enamel physical properties. Odontology 2024:10.1007/s10266-024-00976-4. [PMID: 38963521 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-024-00976-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
To evaluate the physical properties of enamel submitted to hydrogen peroxide (HP) incorporated with titanium dioxide nanoparticles (NP) co-doped with nitrogen and fluorine and irradiated with violet LED light (LT). Enamel-dentin disks were randomly allocated (T0) into groups, according to HP (HP6, HP15, or HP35) and NP (no NP, 5NP, or 10NP) concentrations, and irradiated or not with LT. A negative control (NC) group was set. After three bleaching sessions (T1, T2, and T3), specimens were stored in saliva for 14 days (T4). Enamel surface microhardness number (KHN), surface roughness (Ra), cross-sectional microhardness (ΔS), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron (SEM), and polarized light (PLM) microscopies were performed. Surface KHN was significantly influenced by NP over time, independently of LT irradiation. At T3 and T4, gels with 5NP and 10NP exhibited no KHN differences compared to NC and baseline values, which were not observed under the absence of NP. NP incorporation did not statistically interfere with the ΔS and Ra. PLM images exhibited surface/subsurface darkening areas suggestive of demineralizing regions. SEM demonstrated some intraprismatic affection in the groups without NP. EDS reported a higher enamel calcium to phosphorus ratio following 10NP gels applications. Gels with NP maintained the enamel surface microhardness levels and seemed to control surface morphology, upholding the mineral content. None of the proposed experimental protocols have negatively influenced the enamel surface roughness and the cross-sectional microhardness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Kury
- Operative Dentistry Division, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, 901 Limeira Av., Areião, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil.
- Dental Research Division, Paulista University, 1212 Doutor Bacelar St., Indianópolis, São Paulo, SP, 04026-002, Brazil.
| | - Fernando Luís Esteban Florez
- Dental Materials Division, Department of Restorative Sciences, Oklahoma University Health Sciences Center College of Dentistry, 1201 N Stonewall Ave, Oklahoma City, OK, 73117, USA
| | - Cínthia Pereira Machado Tabchoury
- Biochemistry Division, Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, 901 Limeira Av., Areião, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Cavalli
- Operative Dentistry Division, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba School of Dentistry, University of Campinas, 901 Limeira Av., Areião, Piracicaba, SP, 13414-903, Brazil
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Alazzam MF, Rasheed IB, Aljundi SH, Shamiyah DA, Khader YS, Abdelhafez RS, Alrashdan MS. Oral processing behavior and dental caries; an insight into a new relationship. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0306143. [PMID: 38954716 PMCID: PMC11218957 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0306143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous evidence suggests an individual variation in the preferred oral processing behavior. Individuals can be classified as firm processing(FPL) or soft processing likers(SPL). FPL(crunchers and chewers) prefer using their teeth while SPL(smooshers and suckers) prefer using the tongue and the palate when processing different food items. Variation in the preferred oral processing behavior has been associated with differences in food texture preference and eating time. Time is one of the factors directly related to the development of dental caries(tooth decay). Oral retention and eating times are associated with greater caries experience. This study aims to explore if a relationship exists between the preferred oral processing behavior and the individual's caries experience. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a cross-sectional, dental center-based study conducted at Jordan University of Science and Technology. Five hundred participants consented to fill out the preferred oral processing behavior(POPB) questionnaire. Anthropometric measurements (including weight, height, and waist circumference) were recorded. A single trained and calibrated dentist registered each participant's caries experience and plaque levels using the DMFS index and plaque index of Silness and Loe. RESULTS A total of 351(70.2%) and 149(29.8%) participants were typed as FPL and SPL, respectively. SPL demonstrated higher levels of dental caries experience compared to FPL. The mean DMFS score for SPL was 28.8(±25.43) while for FPL was 18.71(± 18.34). This difference remained significant after adjustment for confounders(P<0.001). SPL exhibited a significantly higher mean score for the "M" component(P <0.001) while no significant difference in the mean score of the "D"(P = 0.076) and "F"(P = 0.272) components was observed when compared to FPL. CONCLUSION The current findings provide new insight into a possible relationship between the preferred oral processing behavior and an individual's caries experience. A relationship in which the preferred oral processing behavior can potentially affect and/or be affected by the dental caries experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie F. Alazzam
- Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Surgery, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Issam B. Rasheed
- Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Surgery, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Suhad H. Aljundi
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Dalal A. Shamiyah
- Undergraduate Bachelor of Dental Surgery Program, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Yousef S. Khader
- Department of Public Health, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Reem S. Abdelhafez
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mohammad S. Alrashdan
- Department of Oral Medicine and Oral Surgery, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Ahmad P, Hussain A, Siqueira WL. Mass spectrometry-based proteomic approaches for salivary protein biomarkers discovery and dental caries diagnosis: A critical review. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2024; 43:826-856. [PMID: 36444686 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Dental caries is a multifactorial chronic disease resulting from the intricate interplay among acid-generating bacteria, fermentable carbohydrates, and several host factors such as saliva. Saliva comprises several proteins which could be utilized as biomarkers for caries prevention, diagnosis, and prognosis. Mass spectrometry-based salivary proteomics approaches, owing to their sensitivity, provide the opportunity to investigate and unveil crucial cariogenic pathogen activity and host indicators and may demonstrate clinically relevant biomarkers to improve caries diagnosis and management. The present review outlines the published literature of human clinical proteomics investigations on caries and extensively elucidates frequently reported salivary proteins as biomarkers. This review also discusses important aspects while designing an experimental proteomics workflow. The protein-protein interactions and the clinical relevance of salivary proteins as biomarkers for caries, together with uninvestigated domains of the discipline are also discussed critically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paras Ahmad
- College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Ahmed Hussain
- College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Walter L Siqueira
- College of Dentistry, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Silva AD, Gonçalves RDS, Catão MDV. Theobromine for Remineralization of White Spot Lesions on Dental Enamel: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Oper Dent 2024; 49:376-387. [PMID: 38987932 DOI: 10.2341/23-153-lit] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
AIM This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated theobromine's (Theobroma cacao) potential in remineralizing white spot lesions in dental enamel. Methods: This study is reported according to the PRISMA checklist and was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023414371). In vitro tests that evaluated the remineralizing potential of theobromine compared to fluoride ion after demineralization for the formation of white spot lesions on enamel were selected, with no limitation on the year of publication. Electronic searches were performed in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science by two independent researchers. Thirty articles were received of which six were selected according to the inclusion criteria. RESULTS The selected studies evaluated the Enamel Surface Microhardness (SMH), Vickers or Knoop, before and after treatment with theobromine and fluoride solutions. For the SMH Vickers, there were no differences between groups at baseline (p=1.00; mean difference: -0.00; CI: -11.36 to 11.36) and after treatment (p=0.51; mean difference: 4.12; CI: -8.16 to 16.41). The results of SMH Knoop showed differences between groups at baseline, favoring the experimental group (p=0.002; mean difference: 9.84; CI: 3.65 to 16.02) and after treatment favoring the control group (p=0.00001; mean difference: -5.45; CI: -7.62 to -3.27). CONCLUSION The use of theobromine increases the microhardness of dental enamel subjected to a demineralization process, thus being effective in the remineralization of this tissue with success equivalent to that obtained with the use of fluoride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arj da Silva
- *André Rodrigo Justino da Silva, DDS, MS, State University of Paraíba (UEPB), Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Ri Dos Santos Gonçalves
- Rhuan Isllan dos Santos Gonçalves, DDS, MS, State University of Paraíba (UEPB), Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Mhc de Vasconcelos Catão
- Maria Helena Chaves de Vasconcelos Catão, DDS, MS, PhD, State University of Paraíba (UEPB), Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil
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Triebl Z, Bencze B, Bányai D, Rózsa N, Hermann P, Végh D. Poor glycemic control impairs oral health in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus - a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:748. [PMID: 38943074 PMCID: PMC11212250 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04516-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There are more than one million children and adolescents living with type 1 diabetes mellitus, and their number is steadily increasing. Diabetes affects oral health through numerous channels, including hyposalivation, immune suppression, and the inflammatory effect of glycation end-products. However, patients with type 1 diabetes must follow a strict sugar free diet that is proven to be carioprotective. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to investigate whether children with type 1 diabetes have a difference in Decayed, Missing, Filled Teeth index (DMFT), salivary function, and periodontal status than children without diabetes, with an emphasis on glycemic control. MATERIALS AND METHODS PubMed, Embase and Cochrane libraries were screened for articles, using predefined search keys without any language or date restrictions. Two independent authors performed the selection procedure, extracted data from the eligible articles, carried out a manual search of the reference lists, and assessed the risk of bias using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Meta-analysis was performed in R using the random-effects model. Effect sizes were mean differences; subgroup analysis was performed on glycemic control. RESULTS 33 studies satisfied the eligibility criteria. 22 studies did not show a significant difference regarding the DMFT index between the diabetes and non-diabetes groups; six studies found that children living with diabetes had higher DMFT scores, compared to five studies that found significantly lower scores. Meta-analysis found no statistically significant differences in plaque, gingival, and calculus indexes, however it found significant differences in pooled DMFT indexes, and salivary flow rate. Subgroup analysis on glycemic control using DMFT values found significant differences in children with good and poor glycemic control with results of 0.26 (CI95%=-0.50; 1.03) and 1.46 (CI95%=0.57; 2.35), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Children with poor glycemic control face higher risk of developing caries compared to good control and non-diabetes children. Regular dental check-ups and strict control of glycemic levels are highly advised for children living with type 1 diabetes, further emphasizing the importance of cooperation between dentists and diabetologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna Triebl
- Diabetes-Dental Workgroup, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi 47, Budapest, 1088, Hungary
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi 47, Budapest, 1088, Hungary
| | - Bulcsú Bencze
- Diabetes-Dental Workgroup, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi 47, Budapest, 1088, Hungary
- Department of Prosthodontics, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi 47, Budapest, 1088, Hungary
| | - Dorottya Bányai
- Diabetes-Dental Workgroup, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi 47, Budapest, 1088, Hungary
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi 47, Budapest, 1088, Hungary
| | - Noémi Rózsa
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi 47, Budapest, 1088, Hungary
| | - Péter Hermann
- Department of Prosthodontics, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi 47, Budapest, 1088, Hungary
| | - Dániel Végh
- Diabetes-Dental Workgroup, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi 47, Budapest, 1088, Hungary.
- Department of Prosthodontics, Semmelweis University, Szentkirályi 47, Budapest, 1088, Hungary.
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Hamalaw SJ, Kareem FA, Noori AJ. Antibacterial, Antibiofilm, and Tooth Color Preservation Capacity of Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles Varnish (in vitro Study). Nanotechnol Sci Appl 2024; 17:127-146. [PMID: 38952853 PMCID: PMC11216553 DOI: 10.2147/nsa.s462771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Antibacterial and antibiofilm properties of magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgONPs) mixture assessed against Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), in addition to examining MgONPs varnish impact on the preservation of the tooth color and inhibition of methylene blue diffusion to the enamel. Methods MgONPs mixture was prepared in deionized water (DW), absolute ethanol (E), and rosin with ethanol (RE), named varnish. The antibacterial and antibiofilm capacities of MgONPs mixtures were tested by agar well diffusion, colony-forming unit (CFU), and biofilm inhibition microtiter methods in triplicate and compared to sodium fluoride varnish (NaF) and chlorhexidine mouthwash (ChX). A spectrophotometer was used to record basic tooth color. The artificial demineralization was initiated for 96 h. Then, experimental materials were applied to the corresponding group, and 10-day pH cycles proceeded. Then, the color was recorded in the same ambient environment. The methylene blue diffusion was evaluated by staining the samples for 24 h. After that, the diffusion test was calculated by a digital camera attached to the stereomicroscope. Results The agar well diffusion test expressed a significant inhibition zone with all MgONPs mixtures (p = 0.000), and maximum inhibition zone diameter associated with MgONPs-RE. The same finding was observed in the CFU test. Additionally, 2.5%, 5%, and 10% MgONPs-RE varnish showed strong biofilm inhibition capacity (p = 0.039) compared to NaF and ChX groups that inhibit biofilm formation moderately (p = 0.003). The study shows that the 5% MgONPs-RE varnish maintains basic tooth color with minimal methylene blue diffusion compared to NaF varnish (p = 0.00). Conclusion Evaluating MgONPs as a mixture revealed antibacterial and antibiofilm capacity against S. mutans with a higher effect of MgONPs-RE varnish. Also, examining the topical effect of MgONPs-RE varnish on the preservation of the tooth color after pH cycle challenges and methylene blue diffusion to enamel confirmed the high performance of MgONPs-RE varnish at 5%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonya Jamal Hamalaw
- Department of Pedodontics and Community Oral Health, College of Dentistry, University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
| | - Fadil Abdulla Kareem
- Department of Pedodontics and Community Oral Health, College of Dentistry, University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
| | - Arass Jalal Noori
- Department of Pedodontics and Community Oral Health, College of Dentistry, University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
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Abdelgawad RM, Damé-Teixeira N, Gurzawska-Comis K, Alghamdi A, Mahran AH, Elbackly R, Do T, El-Gendy R. Pectin as a Biomaterial in Regenerative Endodontics-Assessing Biocompatibility and Antibacterial Efficacy against Common Endodontic Pathogens: An In Vitro Study. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:653. [PMID: 39061735 PMCID: PMC11274256 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11070653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Regenerative endodontics (REP) is a new clinical modality aiming to regenerate damaged soft and hard dental tissues, allowing for root completion in young adults' teeth. Effective disinfection is crucial for REP success, but commonly used antimicrobials often harm the niche dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). To our knowledge, this is the first study to explore the biocompatibility and antimicrobial potential of pectin as a potential natural intracanal medicament for REPs. Low methoxyl commercial citrus pectin (LM) (pectin CU701, Herbstreith&Fox.de) was used in all experiments. The pectin's antibacterial activity against single species biofilms (E. faecalis and F. nucleatum) was assessed using growth curves. The pectin's antimicrobial effect against mature dual-species biofilm was also evaluated using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) after 30 min and 7 days of treatment. The DPSC biocompatibility with 2% and 4% w/v of the pectin coatings was evaluated using live/dead staining, LDH, and WST-1 assays. Pectin showed a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect against single-species biofilms (E. faecalis and F. nucleatum) but failed to disrupt dual-species biofilm. Pectin at 2% w/v concentration proved to be biocompatible with the HDPSCs. However, 4% w/v pectin reduced both the viability and proliferation of the DPSCs. Low concentration (2% w/v) pectin was biocompatible with the DPSCs and showed an antimicrobial effect against single-species biofilms. This suggests the potential for using pectin as an injectable hydrogel for clinical applications in regenerative endodontics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghda Magdy Abdelgawad
- Division of Oral Biology, Leeds School of Dentistry, St. James University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; (R.M.A.); (N.D.-T.); (A.A.); (T.D.)
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Assiut University, Assiut 83523, Egypt
| | - Nailê Damé-Teixeira
- Division of Oral Biology, Leeds School of Dentistry, St. James University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; (R.M.A.); (N.D.-T.); (A.A.); (T.D.)
- Department of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia 70910-900, Brazil
| | | | - Arwa Alghamdi
- Division of Oral Biology, Leeds School of Dentistry, St. James University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; (R.M.A.); (N.D.-T.); (A.A.); (T.D.)
- Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer H. Mahran
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt;
| | - Rania Elbackly
- Endodontics, Conservative Dentistry Department and Tissue Engineering Laboratories, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21527, Egypt;
| | - Thuy Do
- Division of Oral Biology, Leeds School of Dentistry, St. James University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; (R.M.A.); (N.D.-T.); (A.A.); (T.D.)
| | - Reem El-Gendy
- Division of Oral Biology, Leeds School of Dentistry, St. James University Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK; (R.M.A.); (N.D.-T.); (A.A.); (T.D.)
- Department of Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 8366004, Egypt
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Agurto MG, Bozorgi SS, Carpenter G, Ramirez V, Burke M, Felipe Gutierrez M, Cordova C, Banerjee A. Longitudinal study of the role of salivary proteins on radiation-related caries onset in head and neck cancer patients using 5000 ppm fluoride dentifrice up to one-year post-intensity modulated radiotherapy. Clin Oral Investig 2024; 28:379. [PMID: 38886263 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05788-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Longitudinal assessment of the role of specific proteins on radiotherapy caries (RC) onset in head and neck cancer patients(HNC) up to one-year post-IMRT using a 5000ppm fluoride paste daily. MATERIALS AND METHODS Dental status/salivary protein data were obtained from 40 HNC patients pre-IMRT, six months (T1) and 12 months (T2) post-IMRT (ethical approval/consent). DMFT/salivary parameters were quantified, including flow rate, mucin 5B/7, Immunoglobulin A (IgA), cystatin S and α-amylase. RESULTS 45% patients had at least one carious lesion at T2, a significant reduction in the number of remaining teeth (65% <21), salivary flow rate (< 50%) and, protein secretion (< 0.05) post-IMRT. T1 IgA concentration/secretion rate was associated with RC (p < 0.05). Finally, IgA and total protein concentration obtained at T1 could provide a predictive pattern (AUC 82.3%) for the patients more predisposed to developing RC at T2. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated the significant association of RC with salivary proteins in HNC patients treated with IMRT, revealing the potential role of salivary proteins in the early diagnosis of RC. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This research contributes to revealing salivary proteins association with RC, and its role in early diagnosis. Therefore, this could be the first step towards personalized medicine approaches to improve this group quality-of-life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gonzalez Agurto
- Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King?s College London, London, UK.
| | - Sophie S Bozorgi
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King?s College London, London, UK
| | - Guy Carpenter
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King?s College London, London, UK
| | | | - Mary Burke
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King?s College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Avijit Banerjee
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King?s College London, London, UK
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Božac E, Paljević E, Sever E, Braut A, Špalj S, Peršić Bukmir R. Clinical characteristics and caries risk assessment of tobacco heating systems smokers, cigarette smokers and non-smokers: a cross-sectional study. Clin Oral Investig 2024; 28:382. [PMID: 38888700 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05778-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study compared clinical characteristics and caries risk assessments between tobacco heating system (THS) smokers, cigarette smokers and non-smokers. MATERIALS AND METHODS General data, data regarding fluoridation, smoking and dietary habits was obtained through a questionnaire. Caries experience was assessed by the DMFT index; the amount of biofilm by the Full mouth plaque score index; the amount of salivation by the quantum of stimulated salivation test; salivary pH with pH indicator strips and salivary number of S.mutans and Lactobacilli by cultivation on agar plates. The Cariogram method was used to assess caries risk. RESULTS No differences between the groups was detected regarding education level, average daily number of meals, fluoridation programs, systemic diseases, and caries experience. The groups significantly differed in the amount of salivary S.mutans and Lactobacilli (p < 0.001), accumulated biofilm (p = 0.034), salivation quantum (p < 0.001), and saliva pH (p = 0.009). Exposure to tobacco smoke and heated tobacco aerosol increased the accumulation of biofilm and decreased salivary pH. Smoking increased S. mutans, while THS consumption decreased salivation and Lactobacilli the most. The Cariogram analysis found no differences in chances of avoiding new caries lesions between the groups, but a significant difference in developing caries lesions due to dietary habits was detected (p < 0.001) with non-smokers having higher risk than smokers, but not than THS consumers. CONCLUSIONS THS and cigarette smoking were related to clinical characteristics that affect caries activity even though the caries risk assessment revealed no significant difference in the chances of avoiding new caries lesions between the groups. CLINICAL RELEVANCE THS and cigarette smokers could have higher caries activity than non-smokers. The clinical study protocol has been registered on ClinicalTrials.gov under the ID number: NCT06314100.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvis Božac
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia.
| | - Ema Paljević
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Ella Sever
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
- Department of Oral Medicine, Clinical Hospital Centre Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Alen Braut
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Stjepan Špalj
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Romana Peršić Bukmir
- Department of Endodontics and Restorative Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
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Melkam A, Sionov RV, Shalish M, Steinberg D. Enhanced Anti-Bacterial Activity of Arachidonic Acid against the Cariogenic Bacterium Streptococcus mutans in Combination with Triclosan and Fluoride. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:540. [PMID: 38927206 PMCID: PMC11200779 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13060540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Dental caries is a global health problem that requires better prevention measures. One of the goals is to reduce the prevalence of the cariogenic Gram-positive bacterium Streptococcus mutans. We have recently shown that naturally occurring arachidonic acid (AA) has both anti-bacterial and anti-biofilm activities against this bacterium. An important question is how these activities are affected by other anti-bacterial compounds commonly used in mouthwashes. Here, we studied the combined treatment of AA with chlorhexidine (CHX), cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), triclosan, and fluoride. Checkerboard microtiter assays were performed to determine the effects on bacterial growth and viability. Biofilms were quantified using the MTT metabolic assay, crystal violet (CV) staining, and live/dead staining with SYTO 9/propidium iodide (PI) visualized by spinning disk confocal microscopy (SDCM). The bacterial morphology and the topography of the biofilms were visualized by high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HR-SEM). The effect of selected drug combinations on cell viability and membrane potential was investigated by flow cytometry using SYTO 9/PI staining and the potentiometric dye DiOC2(3), respectively. We found that CHX and CPC had an antagonistic effect on AA at certain concentrations, while an additive effect was observed with triclosan and fluoride. This prompted us to investigate the triple treatment of AA, triclosan, and fluoride, which was more effective than either compound alone or the double treatment. We observed an increase in the percentage of PI-positive bacteria, indicating increased bacterial cell death. Only AA caused significant membrane hyperpolarization, which was not significantly enhanced by either triclosan or fluoride. In conclusion, our data suggest that AA can be used together with triclosan and fluoride to improve the efficacy of oral health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avraham Melkam
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Ein Kerem Campus, Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research (IBOR), The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel; (A.M.); (R.V.S.)
- Hadassah Medical Center, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel;
| | - Ronit Vogt Sionov
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Ein Kerem Campus, Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research (IBOR), The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel; (A.M.); (R.V.S.)
| | - Miriam Shalish
- Hadassah Medical Center, Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel;
| | - Doron Steinberg
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Ein Kerem Campus, Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research (IBOR), The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel; (A.M.); (R.V.S.)
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Li S, Li Q, Zhang H, Li F, Hu J, Qian J, Wang Y, Zhang J, Wu Z. Dental Caries Management with Antibacterial Silver-Doped Prussian Blue Hydrogel by the Combined Effects of Photothermal Response and Ion Discharge. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:28172-28183. [PMID: 38772043 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c04302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Caries is a destructive condition caused by bacterial infection that affects the hard tissues of the teeth, significantly reducing the quality of life for individuals. Photothermal therapy (PTT) offers a noninvasive and painless treatment for caries, but the use of unsafe laser irradiance limits its application. To address this challenge, we prepared nanoparticles of silver ion-doped Prussian blue (AgPB), which was encased within cationic guar gum (CG) to form the antibacterial PTT hydrogel CG-AgPB with a photothermal conversion efficiency of 34.4%. When exposed to an 808 nm laser at a power density of 0.4 W/cm2, the hydrogel readily reached a temperature of over 50 °C in just 3 min, synchronized by the discharge of Ag+ ions from the interstitial sites of AgPB crystals, resulting in broad-spectrum and synergistic antibacterial activities (>99%) against individual oral pathogens (Streptococcus sanguinis, Streptococcus mutans, and Streptococcus sobrinus) and pathogen-induced biofilms. In vivo, CG-AgPB-mediated PTT demonstrated a capability to profoundly reduce the terminal number of cariogenic bacteria to below 1% in a rat model of caries. Given the outstanding biocompatibility, injectability, and flushability, this CG-AgPB hydrogel may hold promise as a next-generation oral hygiene adjunct for caries management in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijie Li
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Qing Li
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Nanjing Stomatological Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Fang Li
- Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221004, China
| | - Jinming Hu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Junchao Qian
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Yuanyin Wang
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhengyan Wu
- College & Hospital of Stomatology, Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Research of Anhui Province, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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Sandhu S, Sharma V, Kumar S, Rai N, Chand P. Quantifying variations associated with dental caries reveals disparity in effect allele frequencies across diverse populations. BMC Genom Data 2024; 25:50. [PMID: 38831280 PMCID: PMC11149341 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-024-01215-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dental caries (DC) is a multifaceted oral condition influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Recent advancements in genotyping and sequencing technologies, such as Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) have helped researchers to identify numerous genetic variants associated with DC, but their prevalence and significance across diverse global populations remain poorly understood as most of the studies were conducted in European populations, and very few were conducted in Asians specifically in Indians. AIM This study aimed to evaluate the genetic affinity of effect alleles associated with DC to understand the genetic relationship between global populations with respect to the Indian context. METHODOLOGY This present study used an empirical approach in which variants associated with DC susceptibility were selected. These variants were identified and annotated using the GWAS summary. The genetic affinity was evaluated using Fst. RESULTS The effect of allele frequencies among different populations was examined, revealing variations in allele distribution. African populations exhibited higher frequencies of specific risk alleles, whereas East Asian and European populations displayed distinct profiles. South Asian populations showed a unique genetic cluster. CONCLUSION Our study emphasises the complex genetic landscape of DC and highlights the need for population-specific research as well as validation of GWAS-identified markers in Indians before defining them as established candidate genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangram Sandhu
- Ancient DNA Lab, Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences, 226607, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George's Medical University, 226003, Lucknow, India
| | - Varun Sharma
- NMC Genetics India Pvt Ltd, 122002, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Ancient DNA Lab, Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences, 226607, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), 201002, Ghaziabad, India
| | - Niraj Rai
- Ancient DNA Lab, Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences, 226607, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), 201002, Ghaziabad, India.
| | - Pooran Chand
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, King George's Medical University, 226003, Lucknow, India.
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Wei R, Deng J, Guo X, Yang Y, Miao J, Liu A, Chai H, Huang X, Zhao Z, Cen X, Wang R. Construction of Zwitterionic Coatings with Lubricating and Antiadhesive Properties for Invisible Aligner Applications. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024:e2400234. [PMID: 38824415 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202400234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Invisible aligners have been widely used in orthodontic treatment but still present issues with plaque formation and oral mucosa abrasion, which can lead to complicated oral diseases. To address these issues, hydrophilic poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) (polySBMA) coatings with lubricating, antifouling, and antiadhesive properties have been developed on the aligner materials (i.e., polyethylene terephthalate glycol, PETG) via a simple and feasible glycidyl methacrylate (GMA)-assisted coating strategy. Poly(GMA-co-SBMA) is grafted onto the aminated PETG surface via the ring-opening reaction of GMA (i.e., "grafting to" approach to obtain G-co-S coating), or a polySBMA layer is formed on the GMA-grafted PETG surface via free radical polymerization (i.e., "grafting from" approach to obtain G-g-S coating). The G-co-S and G-g-S coatings significantly reduce the friction coefficient of PETG surface. Protein adsorption, bacterial adhesion, and biofilm formation on the G-co-S- and G-g-S-coated surfaces are significantly inhibited. The performance of the coatings remains stable after storage in air or artificial saliva for 2 weeks. Both coatings demonstrate good biocompatibility in vitro and is not caused irritation to the oral mucosa of rats in vivo over 2 weeks. This study proposes a promising strategy for the development of invisible aligners with improved performance, which is beneficial for oral health treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rufang Wei
- Laboratory of Advanced Theranostic Materials and Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperative Base of Biomedical Materials and Technology, Ningbo Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Ningbo, 315300, P. R. China
- Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, 325035, P. R. China
| | - Junjie Deng
- Laboratory of Advanced Theranostic Materials and Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperative Base of Biomedical Materials and Technology, Ningbo Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Ningbo, 315300, P. R. China
- Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, 325035, P. R. China
| | - Xiangshu Guo
- Laboratory of Advanced Theranostic Materials and Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperative Base of Biomedical Materials and Technology, Ningbo Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Ningbo, 315300, P. R. China
- Department of Radiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Zhuhai, 519000, P. R. China
| | - Yanyu Yang
- Laboratory of Advanced Theranostic Materials and Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperative Base of Biomedical Materials and Technology, Ningbo Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Ningbo, 315300, P. R. China
- Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, 325035, P. R. China
| | - Jiru Miao
- Laboratory of Advanced Theranostic Materials and Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperative Base of Biomedical Materials and Technology, Ningbo Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Ningbo, 315300, P. R. China
| | - Ashuang Liu
- Laboratory of Advanced Theranostic Materials and Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperative Base of Biomedical Materials and Technology, Ningbo Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Ningbo, 315300, P. R. China
- Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, 325035, P. R. China
| | - Haiyang Chai
- Laboratory of Advanced Theranostic Materials and Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperative Base of Biomedical Materials and Technology, Ningbo Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Ningbo, 315300, P. R. China
- Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, 325035, P. R. China
| | - Xinqi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Zhihe Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Cen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P. R. China
| | - Rong Wang
- Laboratory of Advanced Theranostic Materials and Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperative Base of Biomedical Materials and Technology, Ningbo Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Ningbo, 315300, P. R. China
- Cixi Biomedical Research Institute, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, 325035, P. R. China
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Brondani B, Knorst JK, Ardenghi TM, Mendes FM. Pathway analysis between dental caries and oral health-related quality of life in the transition from childhood to adolescence: a 10-year cohort study. Qual Life Res 2024; 33:1663-1673. [PMID: 38594421 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-024-03635-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the direct and indirect pathways between cavitated carious lesions and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) during the transition from childhood to adolescence. METHODS A prospective cohort study followed an initial sample of 639 children (one to five years old), in southern Brazil for ten years. In addition to the baseline (T1), two subsequent reassessments were conducted after seven (T2) and ten years (T3). OHRQoL was measured through the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS) and Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ8-10 and CPQ11-14), according to the age group. Dental caries was evaluated using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) in the three waves. Socioeconomic variables and other factors related to oral health (frequency of toothbrushing and toothache) were also collected. Structural equation modeling was used to estimate the direct and indirect effects among the variables over ten years. RESULTS A total of 449 and 429 children were reevaluated at T2 and T3 (positive response rates of 70.3% and 67.1%, respectively). Dental caries in T1 and T2 directly predicted the occurrence of a worse OHRQoL in the respective follow-up periods. Dental caries at T3 indirectly predicted a worse OHRQoL (T3), via toothache. Dental caries at T1 and T2 directly predicted the occurrence of dental caries at T3, while a worse OHRQoL at T2 directly predicted a worse OHRQoL at T3. CONCLUSION Dental caries negatively impacts, directly and indirectly, the OHRQoL from early childhood to adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Brondani
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jessica Klöckner Knorst
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Thiago Machado Ardenghi
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.
- Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Avenida Roraima, 1000, Prédio 26F, Cidade Universitária, Santa Maria, RS, 97110-970, Brazil.
| | - Fausto Medeiros Mendes
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Dentistry, Research Institute for Medical Innovation, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Jeong GJ, Khan F, Tabassum N, Kim YM. Alteration of oral microbial biofilms by sweeteners. Biofilm 2024; 7:100171. [PMID: 38197082 PMCID: PMC10772577 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2023.100171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
There is a growing interest in using sweeteners for taste improvement in the food and drink industry. Sweeteners were found to regulate the formation or dispersal of structural components of microbial biofilms. Dietary sugars may enhance biofilm formation and facilitate the development of antimicrobial resistance, which has become a major health issue worldwide. In contrast, bulk and non-nutritive sweeteners are also beneficial for managing microbial infections. This review discusses the clinical significance of oral biofilms formed upon the administration of nutritive and non-nutritive sweeteners. The underlying mechanism of action of sweeteners in the regulation of mono- or poly-microbial biofilm formation and destruction is comprehensively discussed. Bulk and non-nutritive sweeteners have also been used in conjunction with antimicrobial substances to reduce microbial biofilm formation. Formulations with bulk and non-nutritive sweeteners have been demonstrated to be particularly efficient in this regard. Finally, future perspectives with respect to advancing our understanding of mechanisms underlying biofilm regulation activities of sweeteners are presented as well. Several alternative strategies for the application of bulk sweeteners and non-nutritive sweeteners have been employed to control the biofilm-forming microbial pathogens. Gaining insight into the underlying mechanisms responsible for enhancing or inhibiting biofilm formation and virulence properties by both mono- and poly-microbial species in the presence of the sweetener is crucial for developing a therapeutic agent to manage microbial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geum-Jae Jeong
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Fazlurrahman Khan
- Institute of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
- Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, The National Key Research Institutes in Universities, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Nazia Tabassum
- Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, The National Key Research Institutes in Universities, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Mog Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
- Marine Integrated Biomedical Technology Center, The National Key Research Institutes in Universities, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
- Research Center for Marine Integrated Bionics Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
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Wongsariya K, Lapirattanakul J, Chewchinda S, Kanchanadumkerng P. Anti-oral streptococci and anti-biofilm properties of Etlingera pavieana essential oil and its bioactive compounds proposed for an alternative herbal mouthwash. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31136. [PMID: 38779027 PMCID: PMC11108991 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Oral streptococci are the major group of bacteria in the oral cavity. Some of their species cause oral diseases that may lead to tooth loss and quality-of-life reduction, such as dental caries. One of prevention techniques to promote oral health is rinsing mouthwash after toothbrushing. This study aimed to determine the potential uses of local food, also remedy, plant in Thailand called Reaw-Horm or Etlingera pavieana for alternative herbal mouthwash. The essential oil from E. pavieana rhizome (Eo) is used for anti-streptococci including Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus and anti-biofilm activities. The main components of Eo are methyl chavicol (MC) and trans-anethole (TA). The disk diffusion method showed the inhibition zone of Eo in a dose-dependent manner. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Eo and TA was >1.6 % v/v, and 0.4 % v/v of MC. Regarding anti-biofilm activities, MC showed nearly equal anti-biofilm formation of S. mutans and S. sobrinus, whereas Eo and TA acted toward S. sobrinus more than S. mutans biofilm. Sub-MIC killing effects on cells under biofilm were observed in Eo and MC. Therefore, MC was recommended as an active compound for anti-streptococci activities. Biocompatibility of Eo and MC were shown to be safe for epidermal cell lines. Herbal mouthwashes containing Eo were developed and had antioxidant and antimicrobial actions with established for 3 months. This study provides in vitro support on the use of herbal mouthwash with antioxidant and antimicrobial activities for dental caries prevention and well-being of individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karn Wongsariya
- Department of Biology, School of Science, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand
| | - Jinthana Lapirattanakul
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Savita Chewchinda
- Department of Food Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
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de Souza TR, Zancope BR, de Sousa ET, Parisotto TM, Rocha Marques M, Nobre dos Santos M. Sucrose rinse modulates the salivary behavior of carbonic anhydrase VI and its buffering capacity: a longitudinal study in 4 to 6.5-year-old children. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17429. [PMID: 38827285 PMCID: PMC11144396 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Carbonic anhydrase VI (CA VI) is crucial in regulating oral pH and predicting susceptibility to dental caries. The hypothesis posits that caries activity may alter the CA VI function, diminishing its capacity to regulate pH effectively and potentially exacerbating cariogenic challenges. This 1-year cohort study sought to investigate the enzymatic activity of salivary CA VI and buffering capacity following a 20% sucrose rinse in 4 to 6.5-year-old children. Method This research involved 46 volunteers categorized into three groups based on their caries status after follow-up: caries-free (CFee), arrested caries (CArrested), and caries active (CActive). Children underwent visible biofilm examination and saliva collection for salivary flow rate, buffering capacity, and CA VI analyses before and after a 20% sucrose rinse. Results A reduction in the buffering capacity was observed after sucrose rinse in all groups. The CA VI activity decreased significantly in CFee and CArrested groups after sucrose rinse, although it did not change in the CActive group. An improvement in the buffering capacity and salivary flow rate was found at follow-up when compared with the baseline. After 1-year follow-up, buffering capacity and salivary flow rate increased in all groups, whilst the CA VI activity reduced only in CFree and CArrested children. Conclusion Sucrose rinse universally reduces the salivary buffering capacity, while caries activity may disrupt CA VI activity response during a cariogenic challenge. After a year, increased salivary flow enhances buffering capacity but not CA VI activity in caries-active children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thayse Rodrigues de Souza
- Department of Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade de Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna Raquel Zancope
- Department of Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade de Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Emerson Tavares de Sousa
- Department of Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade de Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thais Manzano Parisotto
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, São Francisco University Dental School, Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Rocha Marques
- Department of Morphology, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade de Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marinês Nobre dos Santos
- Department of Health Sciences and Pediatric Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade de Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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