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Li Y, Xu X, Wu X, Li J, Chen S, Chen D, Li G, Tang Z. Cell polarization in ischemic stroke: molecular mechanisms and advances. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:632-645. [PMID: 38886930 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a cerebrovascular disease associated with high mortality and disability rates. Since the inflammation and immune response play a central role in driving ischemic damage, it becomes essential to modulate excessive inflammatory reactions to promote cell survival and facilitate tissue repair around the injury site. Various cell types are involved in the inflammatory response, including microglia, astrocytes, and neutrophils, each exhibiting distinct phenotypic profiles upon stimulation. They display either proinflammatory or anti-inflammatory states, a phenomenon known as 'cell polarization.' There are two cell polarization therapy strategies. The first involves inducing cells into a neuroprotective phenotype in vitro, then reintroducing them autologously. The second approach utilizes small molecular substances to directly affect cells in vivo. In this review, we elucidate the polarization dynamics of the three reactive cell populations (microglia, astrocytes, and neutrophils) in the context of ischemic stroke, and provide a comprehensive summary of the molecular mechanisms involved in their phenotypic switching. By unraveling the complexity of cell polarization, we hope to offer insights for future research on neuroinflammation and novel therapeutic strategies for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanwei Li
- Department of Neurology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
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2
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Landers VD, Thomas M, Isom CM, Karki D, Sokoloski KJ. Capsid protein mediated evasion of IRAK1-dependent signalling is essential to Sindbis virus neuroinvasion and virulence in mice. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2300452. [PMID: 38164715 PMCID: PMC10773654 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2300452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACTAlphaviruses are arthropod-borne, single-stranded positive-sense RNA viruses that are recognized as rapidly emerging pathogens. Despite being exquisitely sensitive to the effects of the innate immune response alphaviruses can readily replicate, disseminate, and induce pathogenesis in immunologically competent hosts. Nonetheless, how alphaviruses evade the induction of an innate immune response prior to viral gene expression, or in non-permissive infections, is unknown. Previously we reported the identification of a novel host/pathogen interaction between the viral Capsid (CP) protein and the host IRAK1 protein. The CP/IRAK1 interaction was determined to negatively impact IRAK1-dependent PAMP detection in vitro, however, the precise importance of the CP/IRAK1 interaction to alphaviral infection remained unknown. Here we detail the identification of the CP/IRAK1 interaction determinants of the Sindbis virus (SINV) CP protein and examine the importance of the interaction to alphaviral infection and pathogenesis in vivo using an interaction deficient mutant of the model neurotropic strain of SINV. Importantly, these interaction determinants are highly conserved across multiple Old-World alphaviruses, including Ross River virus (RRV), Mayaro virus (MAYV), Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), and Semliki Forest virus (SFV). In the absence of a functional CP/IRAK1 interaction, SINV replication is significantly restricted and fails to disseminate from the primary site of inoculation due to the induction of a robust type-I Interferon response. Altogether these data indicate that the evasion of IRAK1-dependent signalling is critical to overcoming the host innate immune response and the in vivo data presented here demonstrate the importance of the CP/IRAK1 interaction to neurovirulence and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Douglas Landers
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Milton Thomas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Cierra M. Isom
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Deepa Karki
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Kevin J. Sokoloski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
- Center for Predictive Medicine and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
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3
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Lin J, Zhou Y, Li C, Li B, Hao H, Tian F, Li H, Liu Z, Wang G, Shen XC, Tang R, Wang X. Hydrogel activation of Mincle receptors for tumor cell processing: A novel approach in cancer immunotherapy. Biomaterials 2024; 311:122703. [PMID: 39002516 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024]
Abstract
An obstacle in current tumor immunotherapies lies in the challenge of achieving sustained and tumor-targeting T cell immunity, impeded by the limited antigen processing and cross-presentation of tumor antigens. Here, we propose a hydrogel-based multicellular immune factory within the body that autonomously converts tumor cells into an antitumor vaccine. Within the body, the scaffold, formed by a calcium-containing chitosan hydrogel complex (ChitoCa) entraps tumor cells and attracts immune cells to establish a durable and multicellular microenvironment. Within this context, tumor cells are completely eliminated by antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and processed for cross-antigen presentation. The regulatory mechanism relies on the Mincle receptor, a cell-phagocytosis-inducing C-type lectin receptor specifically activated on ChitoCa-recruited APCs, which serves as a recognition synapse, facilitating a tenfold increase in tumor cell engulfment and subsequent elimination. The ChitoCa-induced tumor cell processing further promotes the cross-presentation of tumor antigens to prime protective CD8+ T cell responses. Therefore, the ChitoCa treatment establishes an immune niche within the tumor microenvironment, resulting in effective tumor regression either used alone or in combination with other immunotherapies. This hydrogel-induced immune factory establishes a functional organ-like multicellular colony for tumor-specific immunotherapy, paving the way for innovative strategies in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiake Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311113, China
| | - Yuemin Zhou
- Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China; Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Chen Li
- Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China; Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Benke Li
- Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China; Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Haibin Hao
- Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China; Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Fengchao Tian
- Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China; Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Huixin Li
- Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China; Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Zhenyu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Guangchuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Xing-Can Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China), Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, China
| | - Ruikang Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311113, China; Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China; Liangzhu Laboratory, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311113, China; Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, China.
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Yan Y, Huang X, Yuan L, Ngai T, Ma G, Xia Y. Dictating the spatial-temporal delivery of molecular adjuvant and antigen for the enhanced vaccination. Biomaterials 2024; 311:122697. [PMID: 38968687 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
The incorporation of molecular adjuvants has revolutionized vaccine by boosting overall immune efficacy. While traditional efforts have been concentrated on the quality and quantity of vaccine components, the impact of adjuvant and antigen delivery kinetics on immunity remains to be fully understood. Here, we employed poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticle (PLGA NP) -stabilized Pickering emulsion (PPE) to refine the delivery kinetics of molecular adjuvant CpG and antigen, aiming to optimize immune responses. The hierarchical structure of PPE enabled spatially differential loading of CpG and antigen. The component inserted on the oil-water interphase exhibited a rapid release profile, while the one encapsulated in the PLGA NPs demonstrated a sustained release. This led to distinct intracellular spatial-temporal release kinetics. Compared to the PPE with sustained CpG release and burst release of antigen, we found that the PPE with rapid CpG release and sustained antigen release triggered an early and robust activation of Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) in direct way. This fostered a more immunogenic microenvironment, significantly outperforming the inverted delivery profile in dendritic cells (DCs) activation, resulting in higher CD40 expression, elevated proinflammatory cytokine levels, sustained antigen cross-presentation, an enhanced Th1 response, and increased CD8+ T cells. Moreover, prior exposure of CpG led to suppressed tumor growth and enhanced efficacy in Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) vaccine. Our findings underscore the importance of tuning adjuvant and antigen delivery kinetics in vaccine design, proposing a novel path for enhancing vaccination outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumeng Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100081, PR China; School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China
| | - Xiaonan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100081, PR China; School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China; Sinovac Biotech Ltd., Beijing, 100085, PR China
| | - Lili Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, PR China
| | - To Ngai
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., PR China
| | - Guanghui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100081, PR China; School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China
| | - Yufei Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100081, PR China; School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, PR China.
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Yu N, Chen S, Liu Y, Wang P, Wang L, Hu N, Zhang H, Li X, Lu H, Jin N. Pathogenicity and transcriptomic resolution in dengue virus serotype 1 infected AGB6 mouse model. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29895. [PMID: 39228306 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Dengue viruses are the causative agents of dengue fever, dengue hemorrhagic fever, and dengue shock syndrome, which are mainly transmitted by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes, and cost billions of dollars annually in patient treatment and mosquito control. Progress in understanding DENV pathogenesis and developing effective treatments has been hampered by the lack of a suitable small pathological animal model. Until now, the candidate vaccine, antibody, and drug for DENV have not been effectively evaluated. Here, we analyzed the pathogenicity of DENV-1 in type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ interferon receptor-deficient mice (AGB6) by intraperitoneal inoculation. Infected mice showed such neurological symptoms as opisthotonus, hunching, ataxia, and paralysis of one or both hind limbs. Viremia can be detected 3 days after infection. It was found that 6.98 × 103 PFU or higher dose induce 100% mortality. To determine the cause of lethality in mice, heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, intestinal, and brain tissues were collected from AGB6 mice (at an attack dose of 6.98 × 103 PFU) for RNA quantification, and it was found that the viral load in brain tissues peaked at moribund states (14 dpi) and that the viral loads in the other tissues and organs decreased over time. Significant histopathologic changes were observed in brain tissue (hippocampal region and cerebral cortex). Hematological analysis showed hemorrhage and hemoconcentration in infected mice. DENV-1 can be isolated from the brain tissue of infected mice. Subsequently, brain tissue transcriptome sequencing was performed to assess host response characteristics in infected AGB6 mice. Transcriptional patterns in brain tissue suggest that aberrant expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines induces antiviral responses and tissue damage. Screening of hub genes and their characterization by qPCR and ELISA, it was hypothesized that IL-6 and IFN-γ might be the key factors in dengue virus-induced inflammatory response. Therefore, this study provides an opportunity to decipher certain aspects of dengue pathogenesis further and provides a new platform for drug, antibody, and vaccine testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Shigang Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Yumeng Liu
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- Animal Science and Technology College, Guangxi University, Guangxi, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Longlong Wang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Ningning Hu
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - He Zhang
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Huijun Lu
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Ningyi Jin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- Animal Science and Technology College, Guangxi University, Guangxi, China
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Research Unit of Key Technologies for Prevention and Control of Virus Zoonoses, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changchun, China
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Liu D, Liu L, Li X, Wang S, Wu G, Che X. Advancements and Challenges in Peptide-Based Cancer Vaccination: A Multidisciplinary Perspective. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:950. [PMID: 39204073 PMCID: PMC11359700 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12080950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
With the continuous advancements in tumor immunotherapy, researchers are actively exploring new treatment methods. Peptide therapeutic cancer vaccines have garnered significant attention for their potential in improving patient outcomes. Despite its potential, only a single peptide-based cancer vaccine has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). A comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanisms and current development status is crucial for advancing these vaccines. This review provides an in-depth analysis of the production principles and therapeutic mechanisms of peptide-based cancer vaccines, highlights the commonly used peptide-based cancer vaccines, and examines the synergistic effects of combining these vaccines with immunotherapy, targeted therapy, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. While some studies have yielded suboptimal results, the potential of combination therapies remains substantial. Additionally, we addressed the management and adverse events associated with peptide-based cancer vaccines, noting their relatively higher safety profile compared to traditional radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Lastly, we also discussed the roles of adjuvants and targeted delivery systems in enhancing vaccine efficacy. In conclusion, this review comprehensively outlines the current landscape of peptide-based cancer vaccination and underscores its potential as a pivotal immunotherapy approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dequan Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China; (D.L.); (L.L.); (S.W.)
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China; (D.L.); (L.L.); (S.W.)
| | - Xinghan Li
- Department of Stomatology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110016, China;
| | - Shijin Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China; (D.L.); (L.L.); (S.W.)
| | - Guangzhen Wu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China; (D.L.); (L.L.); (S.W.)
| | - Xiangyu Che
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China; (D.L.); (L.L.); (S.W.)
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Zhu YW, Liu ZT, Tang AQ, Liang XY, Wang Y, Liu YF, Jin YQ, Gao W, Yuan H, Wang DY, Ji XY, Wu DD. The Emerging Roles of Hydrogen Sulfide in Ferroptosis. Antioxid Redox Signal 2024. [PMID: 39041626 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2023.0535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Significance: Ferroptosis, a form of regulated cell death characterized by a large amount of lipid peroxidation-mediated membrane damage, joins the evolution of multisystem diseases, for instance, neurodegenerative diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, acute respiratory distress syndrome, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, and so forth. Since being identified as the third gasotransmitter in living organisms, the intricate role of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in ferroptosis has emerged at the forefront of research. Recent Advances: Novel targets in the relevant metabolic pathways have been found, including transferrin receptor 1, cystine/glutamate antiporter, and others, coupled with the exploration of new signaling pathways, particularly the p53 signaling pathway, the nitric oxide/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 signaling pathway, and so on. Many diseases such as emphysema and airway inflammation, myocardial diseases, endothelial dysfunction in aging arteries, and traumatic brain injury have recently been found to be alleviated directly by H2S inhibition of ferroptosis. Safe, effective, and tolerable novel H2S donors have been developed and have shown promising results in phase I clinical trials. Critical Issues: Complicated cross talk between the ferroptosis signaling pathway and oncogenic factors results in the risk of cancer when inhibiting ferroptosis. Notably, targeted delivery of H2S is still a challenging task. Future Directions: Discovering more reliable and stable novel H2S donors and achieving their targeted delivery will enable further clinical trials for diseases associated with ferroptosis inhibition by H2S, determining their safety, efficacy, and tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Wen Zhu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Stomatology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Zi-Tao Liu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Stomatology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Ao-Qi Tang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Stomatology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xiao-Yi Liang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Stomatology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Stomatology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Ya-Fang Liu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Stomatology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yu-Qing Jin
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Stomatology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Stomatology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Hang Yuan
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Stomatology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Da-Yong Wang
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Stomatology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xin-Ying Ji
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Stomatology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Kaifeng Key Laboratory of Infection and Biological Safety, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Dong-Dong Wu
- Henan International Joint Laboratory for Nuclear Protein Regulation, School of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Stomatology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- Department of Stomatology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, School of Stomatology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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Tabatabaei FS, Shafeghat M, Azimi A, Akrami A, Rezaei N. Endosomal Toll-Like Receptors intermediate negative impacts of viral diseases, autoimmune diseases, and inflammatory immune responses on the cardiovascular system. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2024:1-13. [PMID: 39137281 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2024.2392815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity globally, with chronic inflammation as a key modifiable risk factor. Toll-like receptors (TLRs), pivotal components of the innate immune system, including TLR-3, -7, -8, and -9 within endosomes, trigger intracellular cascades, leading to inflammatory cytokine production by various cell types, contributing to systemic inflammation and atherosclerosis. Recent research highlights the role of endosomal TLRs in recognizing self-derived nucleic acids during sterile inflammation, implicated in autoimmune conditions like myocarditis. AREAS COVERED This review explores the impact of endosomal TLRs on viral infections, autoimmunity, and inflammatory responses, shedding light on their intricate involvement in cardiovascular health and disease by examining literature on TLR-mediated mechanisms and their roles in CVD pathophysiology. EXPERT OPINION Removal of endosomal TLRs mitigates myocardial damage and immune reactions, applicable in myocardial injury. Targeting TLRs with agonists enhances innate immunity against fatal viruses, lowering viral loads and mortality. Prophylactic TLR agonist administration upregulates TLRs, protecting against fatal viruses and improving survival. TLRs play a complex role in CVDs like atherosclerosis and myocarditis, with therapeutic potential in modulating TLR reactions for cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Sadat Tabatabaei
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Melika Shafeghat
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies (RCID), Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirali Azimi
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashley Akrami
- Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, USA
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies (RCID), Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
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Kwak H, Lee E, Karki R. DNA sensors in metabolic and cardiovascular diseases: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic prospects. Immunol Rev 2024. [PMID: 39158380 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
DNA sensors generally initiate innate immune responses through the production of type I interferons. While extensively studied for host defense against invading pathogens, emerging evidence highlights the involvement of DNA sensors in metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Elevated levels of modified, damaged, or ectopically localized self-DNA and non-self-DNA have been observed in patients and animal models with obesity, diabetes, fatty liver disease, and cardiovascular disease. The accumulation of cytosolic DNA aberrantly activates DNA signaling pathways, driving the pathological progression of these disorders. This review highlights the roles of specific DNA sensors, such as cyclic AMP-GMP synthase and stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS-STING), absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2), toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9), interferon gamma-inducible protein 16 (IFI16), DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK), and DEAD-box helicase 41 (DDX41) in various metabolic disorders. We explore how DNA signaling pathways in both immune and non-immune cells contribute to the development of these diseases. Furthermore, we discuss the intricate interplay between metabolic stress and immune responses, offering insights into potential therapeutic targets for managing metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. Understanding the mechanisms of DNA sensor signaling in these contexts provides a foundation for developing novel interventions aimed at mitigating the impact of these pervasive health issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyosang Kwak
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ein Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Rajendra Karki
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Nexus Institute of Research and Innovation (NIRI), Kathmandu, Nepal
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Song MK, Jo HS, Kim EJ, Kim JK, Lee SG. Gene Expression of Neurogenesis Related to Exercise Intensity in a Cerebral Infarction Rat Model. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8997. [PMID: 39201683 PMCID: PMC11354542 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Regular exercise improves several functions, including cognition, in patients with stroke. However, the effect of regular exercise on neurogenesis related to cognition remains doubtful. We investigated the most effective exercise intensity for functional recovery after stroke using RNA sequencing following regular treadmill exercise. Photothrombotic cerebral infarction was conducted for 10-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 36). A Morris water maze (MWM) test was performed before a regular treadmill exercise program (5 days/week, 4 weeks). Rats were randomly divided into four groups: group A (no exercise); group B (low intensity, maximal velocity 18 m/min); group C (moderate intensity, maximal velocity 24 m/min) and group D (high intensity, maximal velocity 30 m/min). After 4 weeks, another MWM test was performed, and all rats were sacrificed. RNA sequencing was performed with ipsilesional hippocampal tissue. On the day after cerebral infarction, no differences in escape latency and velocity were observed among the groups. At 4 weeks after cerebral infarction, the escape latencies in groups B, C, and D were shorter than in group A. The escape latencies in groups B and C were shorter than in group D. The velocity in groups A, B, and C was faster than in group D. Thirty gene symbols related to neurogenesis were detected (p < 0.05, fold change > 1.0, average normalized read count > four times). In the neurotrophin-signaling pathway, the CHK gene was upregulated, and the NF-κB gene was downregulated in the low-intensity group. The CHK and NF-κB genes were both downregulated in the moderate-intensity group. The Raf and IRAK genes were downregulated in the high-intensity group. Western blot analysis showed that NF-κB expression was lowest in the moderate-intensity group, whereas CHK and Raf were elevated, and IRAK was decreased in the high-intensity group. Moderate-intensity exercise may contribute to neuroplasticity. Variation in the expression of neurotrophins in neurogenesis according to exercise intensity may reveal the mechanism of neuroplasticity. Thus, NF-κB is the key neurotrophin for neurogenesis related to exercise intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sam-Gyu Lee
- Department of Physical & Rehabilitation Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School, #160, Baekseo-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju 61469, Republic of Korea; (M.-K.S.)
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11
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Yan X, Bai X, Fu R, Duan Z, Zeng W, Zhu C. Ginsenoside compound K alleviates D-galactose-induced mild cognitive impairment by modulating gut microbiota-mediated short-chain fatty acid metabolism. Food Funct 2024. [PMID: 39150321 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo03216k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
The occurrence and progression of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are closely related to dysbiosis of the gut microbiota. Ginsenoside compound K (CK), a bioactive component of ginseng, has been shown to alleviate gut microbiota dysbiosis and neural damage. However, the mechanisms by which CK regulates the gut microbiota to improve MCI remain unexplored. In this study, an MCI mouse model induced by D-galactose was used, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing, metabolomics, transcriptomics, and integrative multi-omics analyses were employed to investigate the potential mechanisms by which CK alleviates MCI through modulation of the gut microbiota. The results demonstrated that CK repaired intestinal barrier dysfunction caused by MCI, improved blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity, inhibited activation of microglial cells and astrocytes, and significantly ameliorated MCI. Furthermore, CK enhanced gut microbiota diversity, notably enriched beneficial bacteria such as Akkermansia, and modulated the levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), particularly increasing propionate, thereby alleviating gut microbiota dysbiosis caused by MCI. Germ-free experiments confirmed that gut microbiota is a key factor for ginsenoside CK in relieving MCI. Further investigation revealed that CK regulated the TLR4-MyD88-NF-κB signaling pathway through modulation of gut microbiota-mediated propionate metabolism, significantly reducing systemic inflammation and alleviating MCI. Our findings provide a new theoretical basis for using CK as a potential means of modulating the gut microbiota for the treatment of MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Yan
- Engineering Research Center of Western Resource Innovation Medicine Green Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China.
- Biotech. & Biomed. Research Institute, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - Xue Bai
- Engineering Research Center of Western Resource Innovation Medicine Green Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China.
- Biotech. & Biomed. Research Institute, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - Rongzhan Fu
- Engineering Research Center of Western Resource Innovation Medicine Green Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China.
- Biotech. & Biomed. Research Institute, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - Zhiguang Duan
- Engineering Research Center of Western Resource Innovation Medicine Green Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China.
- Biotech. & Biomed. Research Institute, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
| | - Wen Zeng
- Xi'an Honghui Hospital, 710054, China
| | - Chenhui Zhu
- Engineering Research Center of Western Resource Innovation Medicine Green Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China.
- Biotech. & Biomed. Research Institute, Northwest University, Xi'an, 710127, China
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12
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He R, He Z, Zhang T, Liu B, Gao M, Li N, Geng Q. HDAC3 in action: Expanding roles in inflammation and inflammatory diseases. Cell Prolif 2024:e13731. [PMID: 39143689 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammation serves as the foundation for numerous physiological and pathological processes, driving the onset and progression of various diseases. Histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3), an essential chromatin-modifying protein within the histone deacetylase superfamily, exerts its transcriptional inhibitory role through enzymatic histone modification to uphold normal physiological function, growth, and development of the body. With both enzymatic and non-enzymatic activities, HDAC3 plays a pivotal role in regulating diverse transcription factors associated with inflammatory responses and related diseases. This review examines the involvement of HDAC3 in inflammatory responses while exploring its therapeutic potential as a target for treating inflammatory diseases, thereby offering valuable insights for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyuan He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhuokun He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tianyu Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bohao Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Minglang Gao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qing Geng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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13
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Vermeire B, Walsh M, Cox E, Devriendt B. The lipopolysaccharide structure affects the detoxifying ability of intestinal alkaline phosphatases. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:358. [PMID: 39127648 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-04208-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is one of the most potent mediators of inflammation. In swine husbandry, weaning is associated with LPS-induced intestinal inflammation, resulting in decreased growth rates due to malabsorption of nutrients by the inflamed gut. A potential strategy to treat LPS-mediated disease is administering intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP). The latter can detoxify lipid A, the toxic component of LPS, by removal of phosphate groups. Currently, 183 LPS O-serotypes from E. coli have been described, however, comparative experiments to elucidate functional differences between LPS serotypes are scarce. In addition, these functional differences might affect the efficacy of LPS detoxifying enzymes. Here, we evaluated the ability of four LPS serotypes (O26:B6, O55:B5, O111:B4 and O127:B8) derived from Escherichia coli to trigger the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines by porcine PBMCs. We also tested the ability of three commercially available IAPs to detoxify these LPS serotypes. The results show that LPS serotypes differ in their ability to trigger cytokine secretion by immune cells, especially at lower concentrations. Moreover, IAPs displayed a different detoxification efficiency of the tested serotypes. Together, this study sheds light on the impact of LPS structure on the detoxification by IAPs. Further research is however needed to elucidate the LPS serotype-specific effects and their implications for the development of novel treatment options to alleviate LPS-induced gut inflammation in weaned piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjarne Vermeire
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke, 9820, Belgium
| | | | - Eric Cox
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke, 9820, Belgium
| | - Bert Devriendt
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Translational Physiology, Infectiology and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke, 9820, Belgium.
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14
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Jia H, Luo Z, Jing R, Yao B, Lv T, Zheng H, Wang X. The Development of a Highly Potent and Selective Human Toll-like Receptor 2 Agonist: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of CaLGL-1 and Its Derivatives. J Med Chem 2024; 67:12932-12944. [PMID: 38996365 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) plays a crucial role in detecting microbial pathogen-associated molecular patterns, offering potential applications as an adjuvant for vaccines and antitumor therapies. Here, we present the gram-scale synthesis of CaLGL-1 and its derivatives, natural products known for activating mouse TLR2 (EC50 = 3.2 μM). This synthesis involves a streamlined six-step reaction sequence utilizing oxidant-promoted acetalization, effectively preserving the acid-sensitive glycosidic bond for maintaining the compounds' functional integrity. Our structure-activity relationship studies identified R-7d as a potent human TLR2 activator. It demonstrated subnanomolar activity (EC50 = 116 pM) in human THP-1 cells, comparable to that of diprovocim (EC50 = 110 pM). Experiments revealed that R-7d enhances NF-kB promoter activation through TLR2/TLR1 heterodimers rather than TLR2/TLR6. The discovery of R-7d as a robust human TLR2 agonist opens up new possibilities for combination therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbin Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Zhikuan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Ruijun Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Bowen Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Tinghong Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Haixue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
- Gansu Province Research Center for Basic Disciplines of Biology, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
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15
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Yadav S, El Hamra R, Alturki NA, Ariana A, Bhan A, Hurley K, Gaestel M, Blackshear PJ, Blais A, Sad S. Regulation of Zfp36 by ISGF3 and MK2 restricts the expression of inflammatory cytokines during necroptosis stimulation. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:574. [PMID: 39117638 PMCID: PMC11310327 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06964-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Necrosome activation following TLR- or cytokine receptor-signaling results in cell death by necroptosis which is characterized by the rupture of cell membranes and the consequent release of intracellular contents to the extracellular milieu. While necroptosis exacerbates various inflammatory diseases, the mechanisms through which the inflammatory responses are regulated are not clear. We show that the necrosome activation of macrophages results in an upregulation of various pathways, including the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade, which results in an elevation of the inflammatory response and consequent expression of several cytokines and chemokines. Programming for this upregulation of inflammatory response occurs during the early phase of necrosome activation and proceeds independently of cell death but depends on the activation of the receptor-interacting protein kinase-1 (RipK1). Interestingly, necrosome activation also results in an upregulation of IFNβ, which in turn exerts an inhibitory effect on the maintenance of inflammatory response through the repression of MAPK-signaling and an upregulation of Zfp36. Activation of the interferon-induced gene factor-3 (ISGF3) results in the expression of ZFP36 (TTP), which induces the post-transcriptional degradation of mRNAs of various inflammatory cytokines and chemokines through the recognition of AU-rich elements in their 3'UTR. Furthermore, ZFP-36 inhibits IFNβ-, but not TNFα- induced necroptosis. Overall, these results reveal the molecular mechanism through which IFNβ, a pro-inflammatory cytokine, induces the expression of ZFP-36, which in turn inhibits necroptosis and halts the maintenance of the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahil Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Rayan El Hamra
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Norah A Alturki
- Clinical Laboratory Science Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ardeshir Ariana
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Avni Bhan
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Kate Hurley
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Matthias Gaestel
- Institute of Cell Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Perry J Blackshear
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Alexandre Blais
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Ottawa Institute of Systems Biology, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- University of Ottawa, Centre for Infection Immunity and Inflammation, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Subash Sad
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
- University of Ottawa, Centre for Infection Immunity and Inflammation, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
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16
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Capetini VC, Quintanilha BJ, Garcia BREV, Rogero MM. Dietary modulation of microRNAs in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 133:109714. [PMID: 39097171 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2024.109714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is increasing worldwide. Various molecular mechanisms have been proposed to interfere with the insulin signaling pathway. Recent advances in proteomics and genomics indicate that one such mechanism involves the post-transcriptional regulation of insulin signaling by microRNA (miRNA). These noncoding RNAs typically induce messenger RNA (mRNA) degradation or translational repression by interacting with the 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) of target mRNA. Dietary components and patterns, which can either enhance or impair the insulin signaling pathway, have been found to regulate miRNA expression in both in vitro and in vivo studies. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge of how dietary components influence the expression of miRNAs related to the control of the insulin signaling pathway and discusses the potential application of these findings in precision nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinícius Cooper Capetini
- Nutritional Genomics and Inflammation Laboratory (GENUIN), Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Food Research Center (FoRC), São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP), São Paulo, Brazil; Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Department of Pharmacology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Bruna Jardim Quintanilha
- Nutritional Genomics and Inflammation Laboratory (GENUIN), Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Food Research Center (FoRC), São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna Ruschel Ewald Vega Garcia
- Nutritional Genomics and Inflammation Laboratory (GENUIN), Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Macedo Rogero
- Nutritional Genomics and Inflammation Laboratory (GENUIN), Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Food Research Center (FoRC), São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP), São Paulo, Brazil
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17
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Rathore D, Marino MJ, Issara-Amphorn J, Yoon SH, Manes NP, Nita-Lazar A. Lipopolysaccharide Regulates the Macrophage RNA-Binding Proteome. J Proteome Res 2024; 23:3280-3293. [PMID: 38527097 PMCID: PMC11296930 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
RNA-protein interactions within cellular signaling pathways have significant modulatory effects on RNA binding proteins' (RBPs') effector functions. During the innate immune response, specific RNA-protein interactions have been reported as a regulatory layer of post-transcriptional control. We investigated changes in the RNA-bound proteome of immortalized mouse macrophages (IMM) following treatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) of cells followed by unbiased purification of RNP complexes at two time points after LPS stimulation and bottom-up proteomic analysis by LC-MS/MS resulted in a set of significantly affected RBPs. Global RNA sequencing and LFQ proteomics were used to characterize the correlation of transcript and protein abundance changes in response to LPS at different time points with changes in protein-RNA binding. Il1α, MARCKS, and ACOD1 were noted as RBP candidates involved in innate immune signaling. The binding sites of the RBP and RNA conjugates at amino acid resolution were investigated by digesting the cross-linked oligonucleotide from peptides remaining after elution using Nuclease P1. The combined data sets provide directions for further studies of innate immune signaling regulation by RBP interactions with different classes of RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepali Rathore
- Functional Cellular Networks Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Matthew J. Marino
- Functional Cellular Networks Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Jiraphorn Issara-Amphorn
- Functional Cellular Networks Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Sung Hwan Yoon
- Functional Cellular Networks Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Nathan P. Manes
- Functional Cellular Networks Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Aleksandra Nita-Lazar
- Functional Cellular Networks Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
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18
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Waki Y, Nobeyama Y, Nakagawa H, Asahina A. High prevalence of dermatophytosis of the feet in acral melanoma of the foot. J Dermatol 2024; 51:1098-1103. [PMID: 38711284 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.17256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
The clinical characteristics and pathogenesis of acral melanoma of the foot (AMF) have not been sufficiently elucidated. Clinical or subclinical persistent inflammation of the feet is caused by dermatophytosis of the feet (DPF). Persistent inflammation is potentially associated with oncogenesis. Moreover, diabetes has been reported to be associated with the development of dermatophytosis and cancer. The present study aimed to elucidate the clinical association between DPF and AMF, with consideration of diabetes. The medical records of 114 Japanese patients were retrospectively examined and divided into an AMF group (n = 30) and a control group consisting of patients with foot diseases other than melanoma (n = 84). Microscopic DPF screening was performed on all patients who reported symptoms in the foot, with or without AMF. Patients underwent a microscopic test to detect the presence of dermatophytes, and the diagnosis of DPF was made based on a positive result. In the AMF group, 18 (60.0%) and eight (26.7%) patients had DPF and diabetes, respectively. Four patients (13.3%) had both DPF and diabetes. In the control group, 25 (29.8%) and 11 (13.1%) patients had DPF and diabetes, respectively. Five patients (6.0%) had both DPF and diabetes. Univariate analyses showed a significantly higher prevalence of DPF in the AMF group than in the control group (odds ratio, 3.540; p = 0.003, Pearson χ2 test). Furthermore, multivariate analyses of sex, body mass index, DPF, and diabetes revealed DPF as a significant factor associated with AMF (odds ratio, 4.285; p = 0.002, logistic regression analysis). The hyperkeratotic type of DPF was more frequently observed in patients with AMF than in control patients (odds ratio, 11.083; p < 0.001, Pearson χ2 test). In conclusion, the present study found a significantly higher prevalence of DPF, especially its hyperkeratotic type, in patients with AMF. DPF may be associated with AMF pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuma Waki
- Department of Dermatology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Nobeyama
- Department of Dermatology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidemi Nakagawa
- Department of Dermatology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiko Asahina
- Department of Dermatology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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19
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Turner BRH, Jenkinson PI, Huttman M, Mullish BH. Inflammation, oxidative stress and gut microbiome perturbation: A narrative review of mechanisms and treatment of the alcohol hangover. ALCOHOL, CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 48:1451-1465. [PMID: 38965644 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Alcohol is the most widely abused substance in the world, the leading source of mortality in 15-49-year-olds, and a major risk factor for heart disease, liver disease, diabetes, and cancer. Despite this, alcohol is regularly misused in wider society. Consumers of excess alcohol often note a constellation of negative symptoms, known as the alcohol hangover. However, the alcohol hangover is not considered to have long-term clinical significance by clinicians or consumers. We undertook a critical review of the literature to demonstrate the pathophysiological mechanisms of the alcohol hangover. Hereafter, the alcohol hangover is re-defined as a manifestation of sickness behavior secondary to alcohol-induced inflammation, using the Bradford-Hill criteria to demonstrate causation above correlation. Alcohol causes inflammation through oxidative stress and endotoxemia. Alcohol metabolism is oxidative and increased intake causes relative tissue hypoxia and increased free radical generation. Tissue damage ensues through lipid peroxidation and the formation of DNA/protein adducts. Byproducts of alcohol metabolism such as acetaldehyde and congeners, sleep deprivation, and the activation of nonspecific inducible CYP2E1 in alcohol-exposed tissues exacerbate free radical generation. Tissue damage and cell death lead to inflammation, but in the intestine loss of epithelial cells leads to intestinal permeability, allowing the translocation of pathogenic bacteria to the systemic circulation (endotoxemia). This leads to a well-characterized cascade of systemic inflammation, additionally activating toll-like receptor 4 to induce sickness behavior. Considering the evidence, it is suggested that hangover frequency and severity may be predictors of the development of later alcohol-related diseases, meriting formal confirmation in prospective studies. In light of the mechanisms of alcohol-mediated inflammation, research into gut permeability and the gut microbiome may be an exciting future therapeutic avenue to prevent alcohol hangover and other alcohol-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Poppy I Jenkinson
- Department of Anaesthetics, Royal Surrey County Hospital, Surrey, UK
| | - Marc Huttman
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Norwich, UK
| | - Benjamin H Mullish
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Hepatology, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
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20
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Huang B, Ma J, Xu W, Cui J, Chen J, Qu Y, Zhao Y, Han Y, Liu Y, Wang W, Wang X. A newly identified scallop MyD88 interacts with TLR and functions in innate immunity. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 151:109697. [PMID: 38871139 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Myeloid differentiation factor-88 (MyD88) is a key adaptor of the toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway and plays a crucial role in innate immune signal transduction in animals. However, the MyD88-mediated signal transduction mechanism in shellfish has not been well studied. In this study, a new MyD88 gene, CfMyD88-2, was identified in the Zhikong scallop, Chlamys farreri. The 1779 bp long open reading frame encodes 592 amino acids. The N-terminus of CfMyD88-2 contains a conserved death domain (DD), followed by a TIR (TLR/Interleukin-1 Receptor) domain. The results of the multi-sequence comparison showed that the TIR domain sequences were highly conserved. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that CfMyD88-2 was first associated with Mizuhopecten yessoensis MyD88-4 and Argopecten irradians MyD88-4. CfMyD88-2 mRNA was expressed in all scallop tissues, as detected by qRT-PCR, and the expression level was the highest in the mantle and hepatopancreas. In addition, CfMyD88-2 mRNA expression significantly increased after pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs, such as lipopolysaccharide, peptidoglycan, or polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid) stimulation. The results of the co-immunoprecipitation experiments in HEK293T cells showed that both CfMyD88-1 and CfMyD88-2 interacted with the TLR protein of scallops, suggesting the existence of more than one functional TLR-MyD88 signaling axis in scallops. Dual luciferase reporter gene assays indicated that the overexpressed CfMyD88-2 in HEK293T cells activated interferon (IFN) α, IFN-β, IFN-γ, and NF-κB reporter genes, indicating that the protein has multiple functions. The results of the subcellular localization experiment uncovered that CfMyD88-2 was mainly localized in the cytoplasm of human cells. In summary, the novel identified CfMyD88-2 can respond to the challenge of PAMPs, participate in TLR immune signaling, and may activate downstream effector genes such as NF-κB gene. These research results will be useful in advancing the theory of innate immunity in invertebrates and provide a reference for the selection of disease-resistant scallops in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoyu Huang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Jilv Ma
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Wenwen Xu
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China; Rushan Marine Economy and Development Center, Rushan, 264599, China
| | - Jie Cui
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Jiwen Chen
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Yifan Qu
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Yijing Han
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Yaqiong Liu
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Weizhong Wang
- Shandong Blue Ocean Technology Co., Ltd., Yantai, 261413, China.
| | - Xiaotong Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China.
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21
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Rao H, Tian H, Wang X, Huo C, Zhu L, Li Z, Li Y. Diversification of Toll-like receptor 1 in swamp eel (Monopterus albus). DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 157:105190. [PMID: 38697378 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2024.105190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 1 (TLR1) is a pattern recognition receptor that plays critical roles in triggering immune activation via detecting bacterial lipoproteins and lipopeptides. In this study, the genetic characteristic of TLR1 was studied for an important aquaculture fish, swamp eel Monopterus albus. The eel has been seriously threatened by infectious diseases. However, a low level of genetic heterogeneity in the fish that has resulted from a demographic bottleneck presents further challenges in breeding for disease resistance. A comparison with the homologue of closely related species M. javanensis revealed that amino acid replacement (nonsynonymous) but not silent (synonymous) differences have accumulated nonrandomly over the coding sequences of the receptors at the early stage of their phylogenetic split. The combined results from comparative analyses of nonsynonymous-to-synonymous polymorphisms showed that the receptor has undergone significant diversification in M. albus driven by adaptive selection likely after the genetic bottleneck. Some of the changes reported here have taken place in the structures mediating heterodimerization with co-receptor TLR2, ligand recognition, and/or formation of active signaling complex with adaptor, which highlighted key structural elements and strategies of TLR1 in arms race against exogenous challenges. The findings of this study will add to the knowledge base of genetic engineering and breeding for disease resistance in the eel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Rao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Haifeng Tian
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Xueting Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Caifei Huo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Lilan Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Zhong Li
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, PR China.
| | - Yan Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China.
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22
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Saikh KU, Anam K, Sultana H, Ahmed R, Kumar S, Srinivasan S, Ahmed H. Targeting Myeloid Differentiation Primary Response Protein 88 (MyD88) and Galectin-3 to Develop Broad-Spectrum Host-Mediated Therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8421. [PMID: 39125989 PMCID: PMC11313481 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Nearly six million people worldwide have died from the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Although COVID-19 vaccines are largely successful in reducing the severity of the disease and deaths, the decline in vaccine-induced immunity over time and the continuing emergence of new viral variants or mutations underscore the need for an alternative strategy for developing broad-spectrum host-mediated therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2. A key feature of severe COVID-19 is dysregulated innate immune signaling, culminating in a high expression of numerous pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and a lack of antiviral interferons (IFNs), particularly type I (alpha and beta) and type III (lambda). As a natural host defense, the myeloid differentiation primary response protein, MyD88, plays pivotal roles in innate and acquired immune responses via the signal transduction pathways of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), a type of pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs). However, recent studies have highlighted that infection with viruses upregulates MyD88 expression and impairs the host antiviral response by negatively regulating type I IFN. Galectin-3 (Gal3), another key player in viral infections, has been shown to modulate the host immune response by regulating viral entry and activating TLRs, the NLRP3 inflammasome, and NF-κB, resulting in the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and contributing to the overall inflammatory response, the so-called "cytokine storm". These studies suggest that the specific inhibition of MyD88 and Gal3 could be a promising therapy for COVID-19. This review presents future directions for MyD88- and Gal3-targeted antiviral drug discovery, highlighting the potential to restore host immunity in SARS-CoV-2 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal U. Saikh
- GlycoMantra Inc., bwtech South of the University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1450 South Rolling Road, Baltimore, MD 21227, USA; (K.A.); (H.S.); (R.A.); (S.K.); (S.S.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hafiz Ahmed
- GlycoMantra Inc., bwtech South of the University of Maryland Baltimore County, 1450 South Rolling Road, Baltimore, MD 21227, USA; (K.A.); (H.S.); (R.A.); (S.K.); (S.S.)
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23
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Zhang C, Zhou Y, Xi S, Han D, Wang Z, Zhu J, Cai Y, Zhang H, Jin G, Mi Y. The TRIF-RIPK1-Caspase-8 signalling in the regulation of TLR4-driven gene expression. Immunology 2024; 172:566-576. [PMID: 38618995 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory response is tightly regulated to eliminate invading pathogens and avoid excessive production of inflammatory mediators and tissue damage. Caspase-8 is a cysteine protease that is involved in programmed cell death. Here we show the TRIF-RIPK1-Caspase-8 is required for LPS-induced CYLD degradation in macrophages. TRIF functions in the upstream of RIPK1. The homotypic interaction motif of TRIF and the death domain of RIPK1 are essential for Caspase-8 activation. Caspase-8 cleaves CYLD and the D235A mutant is resistant to the protease activity of Caspase-8. TRIF and RIPK1 serve as substrates of Capase-8 in vitro. cFLIP interacts with Caspase-8 to modulate its protease activity on CYLD and cell death. Deficiency in TRIF, Caspase-8 or CYLD can lead to a decrease or increase in the expression of genes encoding inflammatory cytokines. Together, the TRIF-Caspase-8 and CYLD play opposite roles in the regulation of TLR4 signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyang Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and molecular biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and molecular biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuangtong Xi
- Department of Biochemistry and molecular biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Danlin Han
- Department of Biochemistry and molecular biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ziyu Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and molecular biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jingwen Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and molecular biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yizhe Cai
- Department of Biochemistry and molecular biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and molecular biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ge Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and molecular biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yang Mi
- Department of Biochemistry and molecular biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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24
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Jiang Q, Zhang Y, Duan D, Retout S, Upmanyu R, Glavini K, Triyatni M, Zhu Y, Grippo JF, Jin Y. Using exploratory pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analyses to predict the probability of flu-like symptoms in healthy volunteers and patients with chronic hepatitis B treated with the toll-like receptor 7 agonist ruzotolimod. Clin Transl Sci 2024; 17:e13896. [PMID: 39119977 PMCID: PMC11310849 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Ruzotolimod (Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonist, RG7854) is an oral, small molecule immuno-modulator activating the TLR 7 and is being evaluated in patients with CHB. As with other TLR7 agonists, the study drug-related adverse events of flu-like symptoms have been reported in some participants during phase I studies with ruzotolimod. An exploratory analysis of the relationship between pharmacokinetic (PK)/pharmacodynamic (PD) and flu-like symptoms was performed in participants from two phase I studies including both healthy volunteers and NUC-suppressed CHB patients who received either single or multiple ascending doses of orally administered ruzotolimod. Linear and logistic regression were used to explore potential relationships between dose, flu-like symptoms, PK, and PD. Generalized linear regression was performed to predict the probability of flu-like symptoms of all intensities at different RO7011785 (the active metabolite of the double prodrug ruzotolimod) PK exposure. This analysis showed that single or multiple doses of ruzotolimod at ⩾100 mg, the immune PD (IFN-α, neopterin, IP-10, and the transcriptional expression of ISG15, OAS-1, MX1, and TLR7) responses increase with the RO7011785 PK exposure, which increases linearly with the doses from 3 mg to 170 mg of ruzotolimod. The analysis also showed that the probability of flu-like symptoms occurrence increases with PD responses (IFN-α and IP-10). Dose reduction of ruzotolimod can be an effective way to reduce the magnitude of PD response, thus reducing the probability of study drug-related flu-like symptoms occurrence at all intensity in the participants who are highly sensitive to PD activation and intolerant to flu-like symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dan Duan
- Roche Innovation CenterShanghaiChina
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yuyan Jin
- Roche Innovation CenterShanghaiChina
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25
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Asaba CN, Ekabe CJ, Ayuk HS, Gwanyama BN, Bitazar R, Bukong TN. Interplay of TLR4 and SARS-CoV-2: Unveiling the Complex Mechanisms of Inflammation and Severity in COVID-19 Infections. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:5077-5091. [PMID: 39081874 PMCID: PMC11288317 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s474707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The late 2019 emergence of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of COVID-19, caused profound and unprecedented disruption to the global socio-economic structure, negatively affecting millions of lives worldwide. A typical hallmark of severe COVID-19 is hyper inflammation due to aberrant cytokine release (cytokine storm) by innate immune cells. Recent studies have revealed that SARS-CoV-2, through its spike (S) protein, can activate the body's innate immune cells via Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs), particularly TLR4. In silico studies have demonstrated that the S protein binds with high affinity to TLR4, triggering downstream signaling processes that result in pro-inflammatory cytokine release. Compared to other TLRs, such as TLR2, TLR4 plays a more significant role in initiating and sustaining the inflammatory response associated with severe COVID-19. Furthermore, interactions between the virus and target cells can enhance the cellular expression of TLR4, making cells more susceptible to viral interactions and subsequent inflammation. This increased expression of TLR4 upon viral entry creates a feedback loop, where heightened TLR4 levels lead to amplified inflammatory responses, contributing to the severity of the disease. Additionally, TLR4's potent activation of inflammatory pathways sets it apart from other TLRs, underscoring its pivotal role in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. In this review, we thoroughly explore the multitude of regulatory signaling pathways that SARS-CoV-2 employs to incite inflammation. We specifically focus on the critical impact of TLR4 activation compared to other TLRs, highlighting how TLR4's interactions with the viral S protein can exacerbate the severity of COVID-19. By delving into the mechanisms of TLR4-mediated inflammation, we aim to shed light on potential therapeutic targets that could mitigate the inflammatory damage caused by severe COVID-19. Understanding the unique role of TLR4 in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection could pave the way for novel treatment strategies that specifically inhibit this receptor's activity, thereby reducing the overall disease burden and improving patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clinton Njinju Asaba
- Armand-Frappier Sante Biotechnologie Research Center, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Cyril Jabea Ekabe
- Department of Translational Biomedical Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Humblenoble Stembridge Ayuk
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, 04318, Germany
| | | | - Razieh Bitazar
- Armand-Frappier Sante Biotechnologie Research Center, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Terence Ndonyi Bukong
- Armand-Frappier Sante Biotechnologie Research Center, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laval, Québec, Canada
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26
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Ybarra TK, Bishop GA. TRAF3 regulation of proximal TLR signaling in B cells. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 116:210-223. [PMID: 38489541 PMCID: PMC11271984 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiae038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors are pattern recognition receptors that bridge the innate and adaptive immune responses and are critical for host defense. Most studies of Toll-like receptors have focused upon their roles in myeloid cells. B lymphocytes express most Toll-like receptors and are responsive to Toll-like receptor ligands, yet Toll-like receptor-mediated signaling in B cells is relatively understudied. This is an important knowledge gap, as Toll-like receptor functions can be cell type specific. In striking contrast to myeloid cells, TRAF3 inhibits TLR-mediated functions in B cells. TRAF3-deficient B cells display enhanced IRF3 and NFκB activation, cytokine production, immunoglobulin isotype switching, and antibody production in response to Toll-like receptors 3, 4, 7, and 9. Here, we address the question of how TRAF3 impacts initial B-cell Toll-like receptor signals to regulate downstream activation. We found that TRAF3 in B cells associated with proximal Toll-like receptor 4 and 7 signaling proteins, including MyD88, TRAF6, and the tyrosine kinase Syk. In the absence of TRAF3, TRAF6 showed a greater association with several Toll-like receptor signaling proteins, suggesting that TRAF3 may inhibit TRAF6 access to Toll-like receptor signaling complexes and thus early Toll-like receptor signaling. In addition, our results highlight a key role for Syk in Toll-like receptor signaling in B cells. In the absence of TRAF3, Syk activation was enhanced in response to ligands for Toll-like receptors 4 and 7, and Syk inhibition reduced downstream Toll-like receptor-mediated NFκB activation and proinflammatory cytokine production. This study reveals multiple mechanisms by which TRAF3 serves as a key negative regulator of early Toll-like receptor signaling events in B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany K Ybarra
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, 285 Newton Road, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, 285 Newton Road, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Gail A Bishop
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Immunology, University of Iowa, 285 Newton Road, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, 285 Newton Road, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
- VA Medical Center, University of Iowa, 285 Newton Road, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
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27
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Dong W, Luo M, Li Y, Chen X, Li L, Chang Q. MICT ameliorates hypertensive nephropathy by inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB pathway and down-regulating NLRC4 inflammasome. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0306137. [PMID: 39052650 PMCID: PMC11271930 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0306137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertensive nephropathy (HN) is one of the main causes of end-stage renal disease (ESRD), leading to serious morbidity and mortality in hypertensive patients. However, existing treatment for hypertensive nephropathy are still very limited. It has been demonstrated that aerobic exercise has beneficial effects on the treatment of hypertension. However, the underlying mechanisms of exercise in HN remain unclear. METHODS The spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were trained for 8 weeks on a treadmill with different exercise prescriptions. We detected the effects of moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) and high intensity interval training (HIIT) on inflammatory response, renal function, and renal fibrosis in SHR. We further investigated the relationship between TLR4 and the NLRC4 inflammasome in vitro HN model. RESULTS MICT improved renal fibrosis and renal injury, attenuating the inflammatory response by inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB pathway and the activation of NLRC4 inflammasome. However, these changes were not observed in the HIIT group. Additionally, repression of TLR4/NF-κB pathway by TAK-242 inhibited activation of NLRC4 inflammasome and alleviated the fibrosis in Ang II-induced HK-2 cells. CONCLUSION MICT ameliorated renal damage, inflammatory response, and renal fibrosis via repressing TLR4/NF-κB pathway and the activation of NLRC4 inflammasome. This study might provide new references for exercise prescriptions of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Dong
- The Affiliated Rehabilitation Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Minghao Luo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Yun Li
- The Affiliated Rehabilitation Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Xinhua Chen
- The Affiliated Rehabilitation Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Lingang Li
- The Affiliated Rehabilitation Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Qing Chang
- The College of Exercise Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
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28
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Rendon-Marin S, Ruíz-Saenz J. Universal peptide-based potential vaccine design against canine distemper virus (CDV) using a vaccinomic approach. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16605. [PMID: 39026076 PMCID: PMC11258135 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67781-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Canine distemper virus (CDV) affects many domestic and wild animals. Variations among CDV genome linages could lead to vaccination failure. To date, there are several vaccine alternatives, such as a modified live virus and a recombinant vaccine; however, most of these alternatives are based on the ancestral strain Onderstepoort, which has not been circulating for years. Vaccine failures and the need to update vaccines have been widely discussed, and the development of new vaccine candidates is necessary to reduce circulation and mortality. Current vaccination alternatives cannot be used in wildlife animals due to the lack of safety data for most of the species, in addition to the insufficient immune response against circulating strains worldwide in domestic species. Computational tools, including peptide-based therapies, have become essential for developing new-generation vaccines for diverse models. In this work, a peptide-based vaccine candidate with a peptide library derived from CDV H and F protein consensus sequences was constructed employing computational tools. The molecular docking and dynamics of the selected peptides with canine MHC-I and MHC-II and with TLR-2 and TLR-4 were evaluated. In silico safety was assayed through determination of antigenicity, allergenicity, toxicity potential, and homologous canine peptides. Additionally, in vitro safety was also evaluated through cytotoxicity in cell lines and canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (cPBMCs) and through a hemolysis potential assay using canine red blood cells. A multiepitope CDV polypeptide was constructed, synthetized, and evaluated in silico and in vitro by employing the most promising peptides for comparison with single CDV immunogenic peptides. Our findings suggest that predicting immunogenic CDV peptides derived from most antigenic CDV proteins could aid in the development of new vaccine candidates, such as multiple single CDV peptides and multiepitope CDV polypeptides, that are safe in vitro and optimized in silico. In vivo studies are being conducted to validate potential vaccines that may be effective in preventing CDV infection in domestic and wild animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Rendon-Marin
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Animales - GRICA, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, sede Bucaramanga, Bucaramanga, Colombia
- Grupo Infettare, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Julián Ruíz-Saenz
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Animales - GRICA, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, sede Bucaramanga, Bucaramanga, Colombia.
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29
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Ou Z, Cheng Y, Ma H, Chen K, Lin Q, Chen J, Guo R, Huang Z, Cheng Q, Alaeiilkhchi N, Zhu Q, Huang Z, Jiang H. miR-223 accelerates lipid droplets clearance in microglia following spinal cord injury by upregulating ABCA1. J Transl Med 2024; 22:659. [PMID: 39010173 PMCID: PMC11247820 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05480-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal cord injury (SCI) is characterized by extensive demyelination and inflammatory responses. Facilitating the clearance of lipid droplets (LDs) within microglia contributes to creating a microenvironment that favors neural recovery and provides essential materials for subsequent remyelination. Therefore, investigating MicroRNAs (miRNAs) that regulate lipid homeostasis after SCI and elucidating their potential mechanisms in promoting LDs clearance in microglia have become focal points of SCI research. METHODS We established a subacute C5 hemicontusion SCI model in mice and performed transcriptomic sequencing on the injury epicenter to identify differentially expressed genes and associated pathways. Confocal imaging was employed to observe LDs accumulation. Multi-omics analyses were conducted to identify differentially expressed mRNA and miRNA post-SCI. Pathway enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction network construction were performed using bioinformatics methods, revealing miR-223-Abca1 as a crucial miRNA-mRNA pair in lipid metabolism regulation. BV2 microglia cell lines overexpressing miR-223 were engineered, and immunofluorescence staining, western blot, and other techniques were employed to assess LDs accumulation, relevant targets, and inflammatory factor expression, confirming its role in regulating lipid homeostasis in microglia. RESULTS Histopathological results of our hemicontusion SCI model confirmed LDs aggregation at the injury epicenter, predominantly within microglia. Our transcriptomic analysis during the subacute phase of SCI in mice implicated ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (Abca1) as a pivotal gene in lipid homeostasis, cholesterol efflux and microglial activation. Integrative mRNA-miRNA multi-omics analysis highlighted the crucial role of miR-223 in the neuroinflammation process following SCI, potentially through the regulation of lipid metabolism via Abca1. In vitro experiments using BV2 cells overexpressing miR-223 demonstrated that elevated levels of miR-223 enhance ABCA1 expression in myelin debris and LPS-induced BV2 cells. This promotes myelin debris degradation and LDs clearance, and induces a shift toward an anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our study unveils the critical regulatory role of miR-223 in lipid homeostasis following SCI. The mechanism by which this occurs involves the upregulation of ABCA1 expression, which facilitates LDs clearance and myelin debris degradation, consequently alleviating the lipid burden, and inhibiting inflammatory polarization of microglia. These findings suggest that strategies to enhance miR-223 expression and target ABCA1, thereby augmenting LDs clearance, may emerge as appealing new clinical targets for SCI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilin Ou
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongquan Cheng
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Hao Ma
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Kai Chen
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Qiong Lin
- School of Anesthesiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiayu Chen
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Ruqin Guo
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiping Huang
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Qixian Cheng
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Nima Alaeiilkhchi
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Blusson Spinal Cord Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Qingan Zhu
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Zucheng Huang
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
| | - Hui Jiang
- Division of Spine Surgery, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
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Yasmeen F, Pirzada RH, Ahmad B, Choi B, Choi S. Understanding Autoimmunity: Mechanisms, Predisposing Factors, and Cytokine Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7666. [PMID: 39062908 PMCID: PMC11277571 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Autoimmunity refers to an organism's immune response against its own healthy cells, tissues, or components, potentially leading to irreversible damage to vital organs. Central and peripheral tolerance mechanisms play crucial roles in preventing autoimmunity by eliminating self-reactive T and B cells. The disruption of immunological tolerance, characterized by the failure of these mechanisms, results in the aberrant activation of autoreactive lymphocytes that target self-tissues, culminating in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders. Genetic predispositions, environmental exposures, and immunoregulatory disturbances synergistically contribute to the susceptibility and initiation of autoimmune pathologies. Within the realm of immune therapies for autoimmune diseases, cytokine therapies have emerged as a specialized strategy, targeting cytokine-mediated regulatory pathways to rectify immunological imbalances. Proinflammatory cytokines are key players in inducing and propagating autoimmune inflammation, highlighting the potential of cytokine therapies in managing autoimmune conditions. This review discusses the etiology of autoimmune diseases, current therapeutic approaches, and prospects for future drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzana Yasmeen
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea; (F.Y.); (B.C.)
- S&K Therapeutics, Ajou University Campus Plaza 418, Worldcup-ro 199, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16502, Republic of Korea
| | - Rameez Hassan Pirzada
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea; (F.Y.); (B.C.)
- S&K Therapeutics, Ajou University Campus Plaza 418, Worldcup-ro 199, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16502, Republic of Korea
| | - Bilal Ahmad
- S&K Therapeutics, Ajou University Campus Plaza 418, Worldcup-ro 199, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16502, Republic of Korea
| | - Bogeum Choi
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea; (F.Y.); (B.C.)
| | - Sangdun Choi
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea; (F.Y.); (B.C.)
- S&K Therapeutics, Ajou University Campus Plaza 418, Worldcup-ro 199, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16502, Republic of Korea
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Bludau O, Weber A, Bosak V, Kuscha V, Dietrich K, Hans S, Brand M. Inflammation is a critical factor for successful regeneration of the adult zebrafish retina in response to diffuse light lesion. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1332347. [PMID: 39071801 PMCID: PMC11272569 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1332347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammation can lead to persistent and irreversible loss of retinal neurons and photoreceptors in mammalian vertebrates. In contrast, in the adult zebrafish brain, acute neural inflammation is both necessary and sufficient to stimulate regeneration of neurons. Here, we report on the critical, positive role of the immune system to support retina regeneration in adult zebrafish. After sterile ablation of photoreceptors by phototoxicity, we find rapid response of immune cells, especially monocytes/microglia and neutrophils, which returns to homeostatic levels within 14 days post lesion. Pharmacological or genetic impairment of the immune system results in a reduced Müller glia stem cell response, seen as decreased reactive proliferation, and a strikingly reduced number of regenerated cells from them, including photoreceptors. Conversely, injection of the immune stimulators flagellin, zymosan, or M-CSF into the vitreous of the eye, leads to a robust proliferation response and the upregulation of regeneration-associated marker genes in Müller glia. Our results suggest that neuroinflammation is a necessary and sufficient driver for retinal regeneration in the adult zebrafish retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Bludau
- CRTD—Center for Regenerative Therapies, and PoL—Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anke Weber
- CRTD—Center for Regenerative Therapies, and PoL—Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, Dresden, Germany
| | - Viktoria Bosak
- CRTD—Center for Regenerative Therapies, and PoL—Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, Dresden, Germany
| | - Veronika Kuscha
- CRTD—Center for Regenerative Therapies, and PoL—Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kristin Dietrich
- CRTD—Center for Regenerative Therapies, and PoL—Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, Dresden, Germany
| | - Stefan Hans
- CRTD—Center for Regenerative Therapies, and PoL—Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Brand
- CRTD—Center for Regenerative Therapies, and PoL—Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, Dresden, Germany
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Kim MJ, Choi EJ, Choi EJ. Evolving Paradigms in Sepsis Management: A Narrative Review. Cells 2024; 13:1172. [PMID: 39056754 PMCID: PMC11274781 DOI: 10.3390/cells13141172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Sepsis, a condition characterized by life-threatening organ dysfunction due to a dysregulated host response to infection, significantly impacts global health, with mortality rates varying widely across regions. Traditional therapeutic strategies that target hyperinflammation and immunosuppression have largely failed to improve outcomes, underscoring the need for innovative approaches. This review examines the development of therapeutic agents for sepsis, with a focus on clinical trials addressing hyperinflammation and immunosuppression. It highlights the frequent failures of these trials, explores the underlying reasons, and outlines current research efforts aimed at bridging the gap between theoretical advancements and clinical applications. Although personalized medicine and phenotypic categorization present promising directions, this review emphasizes the importance of understanding the complex pathogenesis of sepsis and developing targeted, effective therapies to enhance patient outcomes. By addressing the multifaceted nature of sepsis, future research can pave the way for more precise and individualized treatment strategies, ultimately improving the management and prognosis of sepsis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Ji Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu 41404, Republic of Korea;
| | - Eun-Joo Choi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea;
| | - Eun-Jung Choi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University, Duryugongwon-ro 17gil, Nam-gu, Daegu 42472, Republic of Korea
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Haseeb M, Choi YS, Patra MC, Jeong U, Lee WH, Qayyum N, Choi H, Kim W, Choi S. Discovery of Novel Small Molecule Dual Inhibitor Targeting Toll-Like Receptors 7 and 9. J Chem Inf Model 2024; 64:5090-5107. [PMID: 38904299 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.4c00578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
The aberrant secretion of proinflammatory cytokines by immune cells is the principal cause of inflammatory diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) and TLR9, sequestered to the endosomal compartment of dendritic cells and macrophages, are closely associated with the initiation and progression of these diseases. Therefore, the development of drugs targeting dysregulated endosomal TLRs is imperative to mitigate systemic inflammation. Here, we applied the principles of computer-aided drug discovery to identify a novel low-molecular-weight compound, TLR inhibitory compound 10 (TIC10), and its potent derivative (TIC10g), which demonstrated dual inhibition of TLR7 and TLR9 signaling pathways. Compared to TIC10, TIC10g exhibited a more pronounced inhibition of the TLR7- and TLR9-mediated secretion of the proinflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α in a mouse macrophage cell line and mouse bone marrow dendritic cells in a concentration-dependent manner. While TIC10g slightly prevented TLR3 and TLR8 activation, it had no impact on cell surface TLRs (TLR1/2, TLR2/6, TLR4, or TLR5), indicating its selectivity for TLR7 and TLR9. Additionally, mechanistic studies suggested that TIC10g interfered with TLR9 activation by CpG DNA and suppressed downstream pathways by directly binding to TLR9. Western blot analysis revealed that TIC10g downregulated the phosphorylation of the p65 subunit of nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), including extracellular-signal-regulated kinase, p38-MAPK, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase. These findings indicate that the novel ligand, TIC10g, is a specific dual inhibitor of endosomal TLRs (TLR7 and TLR9), disrupting MAPK- and NF-κB-mediated proinflammatory gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Haseeb
- S&K Therapeutics, Ajou University, Campus Plaza 418, 199 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16502, Korea
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Yang Seon Choi
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Mahesh Chandra Patra
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Uisuk Jeong
- S&K Therapeutics, Ajou University, Campus Plaza 418, 199 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16502, Korea
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Wang Hee Lee
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Naila Qayyum
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Hongjoon Choi
- S&K Therapeutics, Ajou University, Campus Plaza 418, 199 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16502, Korea
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Wook Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Sangdun Choi
- S&K Therapeutics, Ajou University, Campus Plaza 418, 199 Worldcup-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon 16502, Korea
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
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Naini AA, Mayanti T, Hilmayanti E, Huang X, Kabayama K, Shimoyama A, Manabe Y, Fukase K, Supratman U. Immunomodulatory of sesquiterpenoids and sesquiterpenoid dimers-based toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) from Dysoxylum parasiticum stem bark. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15597. [PMID: 38971811 PMCID: PMC11227493 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65829-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, the interest in natural products with immunomodulatory properties has increased due to their therapeutic potential. These products have a wider range of pharmacological activities and demonstrate lower toxicity levels when compared to their synthetic counterparts. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the immunomodulatory effects of sesquiterpenoids (SQs) and sesquiterpenoid dimers (SQDs) isolated from Dysoxylum parasiticum (Osbeck) Kosterm. stem bark on human and murine cells, particularly focusing on toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). Utilizing the secreted alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) assay on engineered human and murine TLR4 of HEK-Blue cells, antagonist TLR4 compounds were identified, including SQs 6, 9, and 10, as well as SQDs 17 and 22. The results showed that 10-hydroxyl-15-oxo-α-cadinol (9) had a potent ability to reduce TLR4 activation induced by LPS stimulation, with minimal toxicity observed in both human and murine cells. The SEAP assay also revealed diverse immune regulatory effects for the same ligand. For instance, SQs 12, 14, and 16 transitioned from antagonism on human to murine TLR4. The SQs (4, 7, 11, and 15) and SQDs (18-20) offered partial antagonist effect exclusively on murine TLR4. Furthermore, these selected SQs and SQDs were assessed for their influence on the production of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-6 of the NF-κB signaling pathway in human and murine macrophage cell lines, showing a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, a brief discussion on the structure-activity relationship was presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Al Arofatus Naini
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Sumedang, West Java, 45363, Indonesia
- Central Laboratory, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Sumedang, West Java, 45363, Indonesia
| | - Tri Mayanti
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Sumedang, West Java, 45363, Indonesia
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Study Centre of Natural Product Chemistry and Synthesis, Univers itas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Sumedang, West Java, 45363, Indonesia
| | - Erina Hilmayanti
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-Cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Xuhao Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-Cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Kazuya Kabayama
- Institute for Radiation Sciences, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-Cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shimoyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-Cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Manabe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-Cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Koichi Fukase
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-Cho, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Unang Supratman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Sumedang, West Java, 45363, Indonesia.
- Central Laboratory, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Sumedang, West Java, 45363, Indonesia.
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Ke C, Huang B, Xiang J, Liang J, Wu G, Qiu M, Cheng K, Mao L, Lei W, Hu Y, Tang X, Tian Y, Chen G, Luo OJ, Zhang H. Secreted clusterin inhibits tumorigenesis by modulating tumor cells and macrophages in human meningioma. Neuro Oncol 2024; 26:1262-1279. [PMID: 38416702 PMCID: PMC11226886 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noae034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meningioma is the most common primary intracranial tumor with a high frequency of postoperative recurrence, yet the biology of the meningioma malignancy process is still obscure. METHODS To identify potential therapeutic targets and tumor suppressors, we performed single-cell transcriptome analysis through meningioma malignancy, which included 18 samples spanning normal meninges, benign and high-grade in situ tumors, and lung metastases, for extensive transcriptome characterization. Tumor suppressor candidate gene and molecular mechanism were functionally validated at the animal model and cellular levels. RESULTS Comprehensive analysis and validation in mice and clinical cohorts indicated clusterin (CLU) had suppressive function for meningioma tumorigenesis and malignancy by inducing mitochondria damage and triggering type 1 interferon pathway dependent on its secreted isoform, and the inhibition effect was enhanced by TNFα as TNFα also induced type 1 interferon pathway. Meanwhile, both intra- and extracellular CLU overexpression enhanced macrophage polarization towards M1 phenotype and TNFα production, thus promoting tumor killing and phagocytosis. CONCLUSIONS CLU might be a key brake of meningioma malignance by synchronously modulating tumor cells and their microenvironment. Our work provides comprehensive insights into meningioma malignancy and a potential therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ke
- Department of Neurosurgery, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Boya Huang
- Department of Systems Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Geriatric Immunology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian Xiang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinlian Liang
- Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guangjie Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Minghui Qiu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kai Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Nanjing Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lipeng Mao
- Department of Systems Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Geriatric Immunology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen Lei
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yang Hu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Male Reproduction and Genetics, Guangdong Provincial Reproductive Science Institute, Guangdong Provincial Fertility Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaogen Tang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yizhen Tian
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guobing Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Oscar Junhong Luo
- Department of Systems Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Geriatric Immunology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongyi Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Aktas B, Aslim B, Ozdemir DA. A neurotherapeutic approach with Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus E9 on gut microbiota and intestinal barrier in MPTP-induced mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15460. [PMID: 38965287 PMCID: PMC11224381 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65061-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in neural development and progression of neural disorders like Parkinson's disease (PD). Probiotics have been suggested to impact neurodegenerative diseases via gut-brain axis. This study aims to investigate the therapeutic potential of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus E9, a high exopolysaccharide producer, on 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine(MPTP)-induced mouse model of PD. C57BL/6 mice subjected to MPTP were fed L. rhamnosus E9 for fifteen days and sacrificed after the last administration. Motor functions were determined by open-field, catalepsy, and wire-hanging tests. The ileum and the brain tissues were collected for ELISA, qPCR, and immunohistochemistry analyses. The cecum content was obtained for microbiota analysis. E9 supplementation alleviated MPTP-induced motor dysfunctions accompanied by decreased levels of striatal TH and dopamine. E9 also reduced the level of ROS in the striatum and decreased the DAT expression while increasing the DR1. Furthermore, E9 improved intestinal integrity by enhancing ZO-1 and Occludin levels and reversed the dysbiosis of the gut microbiota induced by MPTP. In conclusion, E9 supplementation improved the MPTP-induced motor deficits and neural damage as well as intestinal barrier by modulating the gut microbiota in PD mice. These findings suggest that E9 supplementation holds therapeutic potential in managing PD through the gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Busra Aktas
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, 15200, Turkey.
| | - Belma Aslim
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Gazi University, Ankara, 06500, Turkey
| | - Deniz Ates Ozdemir
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, 06230, Turkey
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Du Q, Dickinson A, Nakuleswaran P, Maghami S, Alagoda S, Hook AL, Ghaemmaghami AM. Targeting Macrophage Polarization for Reinstating Homeostasis following Tissue Damage. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7278. [PMID: 39000385 PMCID: PMC11242417 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Tissue regeneration and remodeling involve many complex stages. Macrophages are critical in maintaining micro-environmental homeostasis by regulating inflammation and orchestrating wound healing. They display high plasticity in response to various stimuli, showing a spectrum of functional phenotypes that vary from M1 (pro-inflammatory) to M2 (anti-inflammatory) macrophages. While transient inflammation is an essential trigger for tissue healing following an injury, sustained inflammation (e.g., in foreign body response to implants, diabetes or inflammatory diseases) can hinder tissue healing and cause tissue damage. Modulating macrophage polarization has emerged as an effective strategy for enhancing immune-mediated tissue regeneration and promoting better integration of implantable materials in the host. This article provides an overview of macrophages' functional properties followed by discussing different strategies for modulating macrophage polarization. Advances in the use of synthetic and natural biomaterials to fabricate immune-modulatory materials are highlighted. This reveals that the development and clinical application of more effective immunomodulatory systems targeting macrophage polarization under pathological conditions will be driven by a detailed understanding of the factors that regulate macrophage polarization and biological function in order to optimize existing methods and generate novel strategies to control cell phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiran Du
- Immuno-Bioengineering Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK;
| | - Anna Dickinson
- Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (A.D.); (P.N.); (S.A.)
| | - Pruthvi Nakuleswaran
- Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (A.D.); (P.N.); (S.A.)
| | - Susan Maghami
- Hull York Medical School, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK;
| | - Savindu Alagoda
- Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (A.D.); (P.N.); (S.A.)
| | - Andrew L. Hook
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK;
| | - Amir M. Ghaemmaghami
- Immuno-Bioengineering Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK;
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38
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Peng H, Zhang J, Yang Z, Chen L, Chen J, Cai C. Prediction of the survival status and tumor microenvironment in colorectal cancer through genotyping analysis based on toll-like receptors. Saudi J Gastroenterol 2024; 30:243-251. [PMID: 38813725 DOI: 10.4103/sjg.sjg_424_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks third in both the incidence and mortality rates among male and female cancers, and it is the leading digestive system cancer. Due to the inter- and intratumor heterogeneity of cancer, the TNM system is insufficient for predicting prognosis, necessitating the use of molecular biomarkers for prognostic prediction. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have been associated with CRC survival rates. This study focused on the investigation of the role and potential value of TLRs in CRC genotyping to aid in immunotherapy for CRC patients. METHODS Differential gene expression analysis was performed on CRC transcriptomic data from The Cancer Genome Atlas database. TLRs were referred from the literature, and their intersection with differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in CRC yielded TLR-DEGs. The expression patterns of TLR-DEGs were predicted using the STRING website, and copy number variations of TLR-DEGs were analyzed. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were conducted on TLR-DEGs. ConsensusClusterPlus R package was used for clustering CRC patients, and ESTIMATE and GSEAbase were employed to analyze immune characteristics of different subtypes. Immune phenotyping scores and tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion scores were evaluated. DEGs of different subtypes were analyzed, followed by GO and KEGG enrichment analyses, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis, and further selection of hub genes. The sensitivity of drugs was assessed using the identified hub genes. RESULTS We identified 37 TLR-DEGs, and the PPI analysis revealed their coexpression, although they were distributed on different chromosomes. Enrichment analyses indicated that the 37 TLR-DEGs were linked to cancer cell immune response. Based on these TLR-DEGs, CRC patients were classified into three subtypes. Cluster2 exhibited lower survival rates and higher immune infiltration levels and predicted poorer response to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. The intersection of DEGs from cluster2 and cluster1 with DEGs from cluster2 and cluster3 yielded a set of 426 commonly shared DEGs. Enrichment analyses revealed that these shared DEGs might regulate immune cell viability. Eight common hub genes for different subtypes were further identified to predict drug-related correlations. CONCLUSION The developed TLR genotyping was used to predict the survival status and tumor microenvironment of CRC, providing a foundation for understanding the molecular mechanisms of TLR signaling and deepening its clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaidu Peng
- Department of General Surgery, Shantou Central Hospital of Guangdong Province, Shantou, China
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Pignet AL, Schellnegger M, Hecker A, Kamolz LP, Kotzbeck P. Modeling Wound Chronicity In Vivo: The Translational Challenge to Capture the Complexity of Chronic Wounds. J Invest Dermatol 2024; 144:1454-1470. [PMID: 38483357 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
In an aging society with common lifestyle-associated health issues such as obesity and diabetes, chronic wounds pose a frequent challenge that physicians face in everyday clinical practice. Therefore, nonhealing wounds have attracted much scientific attention. Several in vitro and in vivo models have been introduced to deepen our understanding of chronic wound pathogenesis and amplify therapeutic strategies. Understanding how wounds become chronic will provide insights to reverse or avoid chronicity. Although choosing a suitable model is of utmost importance to receive valuable outcomes, an ideal in vivo model capturing the complexity of chronic wounds is still missing and remains a translational challenge. This review discusses the most relevant mammalian models for wound healing studies and provides guidance on how to implement the hallmarks of chronic wounds. It highlights the benefits and pitfalls of established models and maps out future avenues for research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Lisa Pignet
- Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; COREMED - Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, JOANNEUM RESEARCH, Graz, Austria; Research Unit for Tissue Repair and Reconstruction, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Marlies Schellnegger
- Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; COREMED - Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, JOANNEUM RESEARCH, Graz, Austria; Research Unit for Tissue Repair and Reconstruction, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - Andrzej Hecker
- Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; COREMED - Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, JOANNEUM RESEARCH, Graz, Austria; Research Unit for Tissue Repair and Reconstruction, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Lars-Peter Kamolz
- Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; COREMED - Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, JOANNEUM RESEARCH, Graz, Austria
| | - Petra Kotzbeck
- Division of Plastic, Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria; COREMED - Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, JOANNEUM RESEARCH, Graz, Austria; Research Unit for Tissue Repair and Reconstruction, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Hernandez-Lara MA, Richard J, Deshpande DA. Diacylglycerol kinase is a keystone regulator of signaling relevant to the pathophysiology of asthma. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2024; 327:L3-L18. [PMID: 38742284 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00091.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Signal transduction by G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and immunoreceptors converge at the activation of phospholipase C (PLC) for the hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) into inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG). This is a point for second-messenger bifurcation where DAG via protein kinase C (PKC) and IP3 via calcium activate distinct protein targets and regulate cellular functions. IP3 signaling is regulated by multiple calcium influx and efflux proteins involved in calcium homeostasis. A family of lipid kinases belonging to DAG kinases (DGKs) converts DAG to phosphatidic acid (PA), negatively regulating DAG signaling and pathophysiological functions. PA, through a series of biochemical reactions, is recycled to produce new molecules of PIP2. Therefore, DGKs act as a central switch in terminating DAG signaling and resynthesis of membrane phospholipids precursor. Interestingly, calcium and PKC regulate the activation of α and ζ isoforms of DGK that are predominantly expressed in airway and immune cells. Thus, DGK forms a feedback and feedforward control point and plays a crucial role in fine-tuning phospholipid stoichiometry, signaling, and functions. In this review, we discuss the previously underappreciated complex and intriguing DAG/DGK-driven mechanisms in regulating cellular functions associated with asthma, such as contraction and proliferation of airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells and inflammatory activation of immune cells. We highlight the benefits of manipulating DGK activity in mitigating salient features of asthma pathophysiology and shed light on DGK as a molecule of interest for heterogeneous diseases such as asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Hernandez-Lara
- Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Jane & Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Joshua Richard
- Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Jane & Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Deepak A Deshpande
- Department of Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Jane & Leonard Korman Respiratory Institute, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
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Saito T, Takatsuji R, Murayama G, Yamaji Y, Hagiwara Y, Nishioka Y, Kuga T, Miyashita T, Kusaoi M, Tamura N, Yamaji K. Double-filtration plasmapheresis reduces type I interferon bioavailability and inducing activity in systemic lupus erythematosus. Immunol Med 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38952099 DOI: 10.1080/25785826.2024.2372918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFN-Is) play a significant role in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) pathogenesis. Double-filtration plasmapheresis (DFPP) is a treatment option for SLE; however, its effect on IFN-Is remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated the effects of DFPP on IFN-Is. Plasma from patients with SLE (n = 11) who regularly underwent DFPP was analysed using a cell-based reporter system to detect the bioavailability and inducing activity of IFN-I. The concentration of plasma dsDNA was measured, and western blotting analysis was used to assess the phosphorylation of the STING pathway. A higher IFN-I bioavailability and inducing activity were observed in patients compared to healthy controls, and both parameters decreased after DFPP. The reduction in IFN-I-inducing activity was particularly prominent in patients with high disease activity. Notably, this reduction was not observed in STING-knockout reporter cells. Additionally, plasma dsDNA levels decreased after DFPP treatment, suggesting that inhibition of the STING pathway was responsible for the observed decrease in activity. Western blotting analysis revealed suppression of STING pathway phosphorylation after DFPP. DFPP reduced IFN-I bioavailability and the inducing activity of plasma. This reduction is likely attributable to the inhibition of the STING pathway through the elimination of dsDNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Saito
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Course of Apheresis Therapeutic Technology and Life Science, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryo Takatsuji
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Course of Apheresis Therapeutic Technology and Life Science, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Goh Murayama
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Course of Apheresis Therapeutic Technology and Life Science, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu Yamaji
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukitomo Hagiwara
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yujin Nishioka
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taiga Kuga
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Miyashita
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makio Kusaoi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Course of Apheresis Therapeutic Technology and Life Science, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoto Tamura
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Yamaji
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Course of Apheresis Therapeutic Technology and Life Science, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Neu C, Beckers C, Frank N, Thomas K, Bartneck M, Simon TP, Mossanen J, Peters K, Singendonk T, Martin L, Marx G, Kraemer S, Zechendorf E. Ribonuclease inhibitor 1 emerges as a potential biomarker and modulates inflammation and iron homeostasis in sepsis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14972. [PMID: 38951571 PMCID: PMC11217267 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65778-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Sepsis, marked by organ dysfunction, necessitates reliable biomarkers. Ribonuclease inhibitor 1 (RNH1), a ribonuclease (RNase) inhibitor, emerged as a potential biomarker for acute kidney injury and mortality in thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm patients. Our study investigates RNH1 dynamics in sepsis, its links to mortality and organ dysfunction, and the interplay with RNase 1 and RNase 5. Furthermore, we explore RNH1 as a therapeutic target in sepsis-related processes like inflammation, non-canonical inflammasome activation, and iron homeostasis. We showed that RNH1 levels are significantly higher in deceased patients compared to sepsis survivors and correlate with creatine kinase, aspartate and alanine transaminase, bilirubin, serum creatinine and RNase 5, but not RNase 1. RNH1 mitigated LPS-induced TNFα and RNase 5 secretion, and relative mRNA expression of ferroptosis-associated genes HMOX1, FTH1 and HAMP in PBMCs. Monocytes were identified as the predominant type of LPS-positive PBMCs. Exogenous RNH1 attenuated LPS-induced CASP5 expression, while increasing IL-1β secretion in PBMCs and THP-1 macrophages. As RNH1 has contradictory effects on inflammation and non-canonical inflammasome activation, its use as a therapeutic agent is limited. However, RNH1 levels may play a central role in iron homeostasis during sepsis, supporting our clinical observations. Hence, RNH1 shows promise as biomarkers for renal and hepatic dysfunction and hepatocyte injury, and may be useful in predicting the outcome of septic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Neu
- Department of Intensive and Intermediate Care, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Beckers
- Department of Intensive and Intermediate Care, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nadine Frank
- Department of Intensive and Intermediate Care, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Katharina Thomas
- Department of Intensive and Intermediate Care, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthias Bartneck
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tim-Philipp Simon
- Department of Intensive and Intermediate Care, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jana Mossanen
- Department of Intensive and Intermediate Care, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kimmo Peters
- Department of Intensive and Intermediate Care, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tobias Singendonk
- Department of Intensive and Intermediate Care, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lukas Martin
- Department of Intensive and Intermediate Care, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Gernot Marx
- Department of Intensive and Intermediate Care, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sandra Kraemer
- Department of Intensive and Intermediate Care, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Zechendorf
- Department of Intensive and Intermediate Care, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
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Chauhan M, Martinak PE, Hollenberg BM, Goodman AG. Drosophila melanogaster Toll-9 elicits antiviral immunity against Drosophila C virus. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.19.599730. [PMID: 38948804 PMCID: PMC11212974 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.19.599730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
The Toll pathway plays a pivotal role in innate immune responses against pathogens. The evolutionary conserved pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs), including Toll like receptors (TLRs), play a crucial role in recognition of pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). The Drosophila genome encodes nine Toll receptors that are orthologous to mammalian TLRs. While mammalian TLRs directly recognize PAMPs, most Drosophila Tolls recognize the proteolytically cleaved ligand Spätzle to activate downstream signaling cascades. In this study, we demonstrated that Toll-9 is crucial for antiviral immunity against Drosophila C virus (DCV), a natural pathogen of Drosophila . A transposable element insertion in the Toll-9 gene renders the flies more susceptible to DCV. The stable expression of Toll-9 in S2 cells confers resistance against DCV infection by upregulation of the RNAi pathway. Toll-9 promotes the dephosphorylation of AKT, resulting in the induction of antiviral RNAi genes to inhibit DCV replication. Toll-9 localizes to the endosome where it binds dsRNA, suggesting its role to detect viral dsRNA. Toll-9 also induces apoptosis during DCV infection, contributing to its antiviral role. Together, this work identifies the role of Toll-9 in antiviral immunity against DCV infection through its ability to bind dsRNA and induce AKT-mediated RNAi antiviral immunity. IMPORTANCE Insects rely on innate immunity and RNA interference (RNAi) to combat viral infections. Our study underscores the pivotal role of Drosophila Toll-9 in antiviral immunity, aligning with findings in Bombyx mori , where Toll-9 activation upregulates the RNAi component Dicer2 . We demonstrate that Drosophila Toll-9 functions as a pattern recognition receptor (PRR) for double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) during Drosophila C virus (DCV) infection, akin to mammalian TLRs. Toll-9 activation leads to the upregulation of key RNAi components, Dicer2 and Argonaute2 , and dephosphorylation of AKT triggers apoptosis via induction of proapoptotic genes Hid and Reaper . This study also reveals that Toll-9 localizes in endosomal compartments where it interacts with dsRNA. These insights enhance our understanding of Drosophila innate immune mechanisms, reflecting the evolutionary conservation of immune responses across diverse species and providing impetus for further research into the conserved roles of TLRs across the animal kingdom.
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Sugisawa R, Shanahan KA, Davis GM, Davey GP, Bowie AG. SARM1 regulates pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in human monocytes by NADase-dependent and -independent mechanisms. iScience 2024; 27:109940. [PMID: 38832024 PMCID: PMC11145347 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
SARM1 is a Toll-IL-1 receptor (TIR) domain-containing protein with roles in innate immunity and neuronal death in diverse organisms. Unlike other innate immune TIR proteins that function as adaptors for Toll-like receptors (TLRs), SARM1 has NADase activity, and this activity regulates murine neuronal cell death. However, whether human SARM1, and its NADase activity, are involved in innate immune regulation remains unclear. Here, we show that human SARM1 regulates proinflammatory cytokine expression in both an NADase-dependent and -independent manner in monocytes. SARM1 negatively regulated TLR4-dependent TNF mRNA induction independently of its NADase activity. In contrast, SARM1 inhibited IL-1β secretion through both NADase-dependent inhibition of pro-IL-1β expression, and NADase-independent suppression of the NLRP3 inflammasome and hence processing of pro-IL-1β to mature IL-1β. Our study reveals multiple mechanisms whereby SARM1 regulates pro-inflammatory cytokines in human monocytes and shows, compared to other mammalian TIR proteins, a distinct NADase-dependent role for SARM1 in innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoichi Sugisawa
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Department of Biochemistry, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Katharine A. Shanahan
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Gavin M. Davis
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Gavin P. Davey
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Andrew G. Bowie
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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Fang B, Zhao L, Huo B, Chen F, Yuan P, Lai S, Wu A, Zhuo Y. Maternal consumption of fish oil protected breast-fed piglets against Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide-induced damage through reshaping of intestinal fatty acids profile. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1417078. [PMID: 38952807 PMCID: PMC11215148 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1417078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
It has been well documented that n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) can alleviate inflammation caused by Escherichia coli (E. coli) lipopolysaccharides (LPS), the etiologic agents that causing yellow or white dysentery in young pigs. However, it remains unclear whether the increase in n-3 PUFA availability could enhance the ability of nursery pigs to resist invasion by E. coli. LPS. Twenty-four 21-day-old female piglets, each two of them from the same sow fed the beef tallow (BT) or fish oil (FO) diets, were allocated into four treatment groups: BT-CON, piglets from the BT-fed sows and intraperitoneally injected with saline (9 g/L); BT-LPS, piglets from the BT-fed sows and injected with LPS (100 μg/kg body weight); FO-CON, piglets from the FO-fed sows and injected with saline; FO-LPS, piglets from the FO-fed sows and injected with LPS. Following 2 h of LPS challenge, the magnitudes of increase in body temperature approached to a marked (p < 0.01) difference between the BT-CON and BT-LPS piglets, whereas the dramatic (p < 0.01) difference between the FO-CON and FO-LPS piglets was only observed at 4 h post LPS challenge. The body temperature averaged across the time points evaluated was about 0.2°C lower (p < 0.05) in the FO group than in the BT group. The FO group had lower (p < 0.05) mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, lower increase in serum interleukin (IL)-1β (p < 0.10) and IL-8 (p < 0.05) levels, higher (p < 0.01) serum albumin concentration, and higher (p = 0.10) ratios of jejunum villus height to crypt depth than the BT group. The FO group had much higher (p < 0.0001) ileal content of C20:5n3, C24:0, and C22:6n3, which were 2-4 times the content of the BT group. LPS challenge resulted in decreased (p < 0.05) intestinal C20:1 and C20:5n3 content, and the decrease (p < 0.05) in intestinal C20:3n6 and C24:1 content was observed in the BT-LPS piglets rather than in the FO-LPS piglets. Taken together, this study indicated that maternal consumption of fish oil protected breast-fed piglets against E. coli LPS-induced damage through reshaping of intestinal fatty acids profile, which sheds new light on the development of nutritional strategies to enhance the ability of young pigs to resist E. coli invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yong Zhuo
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Resistance Nutrition of the Ministry of Education, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Zhang Y, Liang S, Deng Z, Zhao Z, Han X. High-glucose conditions attenuate the response of macrophages to Legionella pneumophila infection by inhibiting NOD1 and MAPK signaling. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 134:112254. [PMID: 38749333 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with diabetes are particularly susceptible to Legionella pneumophila (LP) infection, but the exact pathogenesis of LP infection in diabetic patients is still not fully understood. Herein, we investigated the effect of diabetes on immune function during LP infection in vitro and in vivo. METHODS The time course of LP infection in macrophages under normal and high-glucose (HG) conditions was examined in vitro. Western blot was used to determine nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 1 (NOD1), kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), mitogen-activated protein kinase p38 (MAPK p38), and c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to assess the secretion of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8) assay assessed U937 cell viability after treating cells with different concentrations of high sugar medium and ML130 (NOD1 inhibitor). For the in vivo study, normal and streptozocin-induced diabetic guinea pigs were infected with LP for 6, 24, and 72 h, after which NOD1, MAPK-related signals, TNF-α, and IL-6 expression in lung tissues were assessed using immunohistochemistry, western blot, and RT-PCR. RESULTS HG attenuated the upregulation of NOD1 expression and reduced TNF-α and IL-6 secretion caused by LP compared with LP-infected cells exposed to normal glucose levels (all p < 0.05). In diabetic guinea pigs, HG inhibited the upregulation of NOD1 expression in lung tissues and the activation of p38, ERK1/2, and cJNK caused by LP infection compared to control pigs (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSION HG attenuates the response of macrophages to LP infection by inhibiting NOD1 upregulation and the activation of MAPK signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Zhang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110001, PR China
| | - Sicong Liang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110001, PR China
| | - Ze Deng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110001, PR China
| | - Zirui Zhao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110001, PR China
| | - Xu Han
- Department of Emergency, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Province, Shenyang 110001, PR China.
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Yamaura H, Shimoyama A, Hosomi K, Kabayama K, Kunisawa J, Fukase K. Chemical Synthesis of Acetobacter pasteurianus Lipid A with a Unique Tetrasaccharide Backbone and Evaluation of Its Immunological Functions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402922. [PMID: 38581637 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a cell surface component of Gram-negative bacteria, activates innate immunity. Its active principle is the terminal glycolipid lipid A. Acetobacter pasteurianus is a Gram-negative bacterium used in the fermentation of traditional Japanese black rice vinegar (kurozu). In this study, we focused on A. pasteurianus lipid A, which is a potential immunostimulatory component of kurozu. The active principle structure of A. pasteurianus lipid A has not yet been identified. Herein, we first systematically synthesized three types of A. pasteurianus lipid As containing a common and unique tetrasaccharide backbone. We developed an efficient method for constructing the 2-trehalosamine skeleton utilizing borinic acid-catalyzed glycosylation to afford 1,1'-α,α-glycoside in high yield and stereoselectivity. A common tetrasaccharide intermediate with an orthogonal protecting group pattern was constructed via [2+2] glycosylation. After introducing various fatty acids, all protecting groups were removed to achieve the first chemical synthesis of three distinct types of A. pasteurianus lipid As. After evaluating their immunological function using both human and murine cell lines, we identified the active principles of A. pasteurianus LPS. We also found the unique anomeric structure of A. pasteurianus lipid A contributes to its high chemical stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruki Yamaura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, 560-0043, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, Microbial Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 567-0085, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shimoyama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, 560-0043, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Advanced Modalities and DDS, Osaka University, 1-1 Yamadaoka, 565-0871, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Forefront Research Center for Fundamental Sciences, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, 560-0043, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koji Hosomi
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, Microbial Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 567-0085, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuya Kabayama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, 560-0043, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
- Forefront Research Center for Fundamental Sciences, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, 560-0043, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jun Kunisawa
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, Microbial Research Center for Health and Medicine, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, 567-0085, Osaka, Japan
- Forefront Research Center for Fundamental Sciences, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, 560-0043, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koichi Fukase
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, 560-0043, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
- Center for Advanced Modalities and DDS, Osaka University, 1-1 Yamadaoka, 565-0871, Suita, Osaka, Japan
- Forefront Research Center for Fundamental Sciences, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, 560-0043, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
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Ding X, Pang Y, Liu Q, Zhang H, Wu J, Lei J, Zhang T. GO-PEG Represses the Progression of Liver Inflammation via Regulating the M1/M2 Polarization of Kupffer Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2306483. [PMID: 38229561 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
As a highly promising nanomaterial, exploring the impact of the liver, a vital organ, stands out as a crucial focus in the examination of its biological effects. Kupffer cells (KCs) are one of the first immune cells to contact with exotic-substances in liver. Therefore, this study investigates the immunomodulatory effects and mechanisms of polyethylene glycol-modified graphene oxide (GO-PEG) on KCs. Initial RNA-seq and KEGG pathway analyses reveal the inhibition of the TOLL-like receptor, TNF-α and NOD-like receptor pathways in continually stimulated KCs exposed to GO-PEG. Subsequent biological experiments validate that a 48-hour exposure to GO-PEG alleviates LPS-induced KCs immune activation, characterized by a shift in polarization from M1 to M2. The underlying mechanism involves the absorption of double-stranded RNA/single-stranded RNA, inhibiting the activation of TLR3 and TLR7 in KCs. Employing a Kupffer/AML12 cell co-culture model and animal studies, it is observed that GO-PEG indirectly inhibit oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and apoptosis in AML12 cells, partially mitigating systemic inflammation and preserving liver tissue/function. This effect is attributed to the paracrine interaction between KCs and hepatocytes. These findings suggest a meaningful and effective strategy for treating liver inflammation, particularly when combined with anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Ding
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yanting Pang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Haopeng Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jiawei Wu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Jialin Lei
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Jiangsu key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
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Danielson SM, Lefferts AR, Norman E, Regner EH, Schulz HM, Sansone-Poe D, Orlicky DJ, Kuhn KA. Myeloid Cells and Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Are Required for TCRαβ Intraepithelial Lymphocyte Recruitment to the Colon Epithelium. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 212:1843-1854. [PMID: 38568091 PMCID: PMC11105980 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) are T cells important for the maintenance of barrier integrity in the intestine. Colon IELs are significantly reduced in both MyD88-deficient mice and those lacking an intact microbiota, suggesting that MyD88-mediated detection of bacterial products is important for the recruitment and/or retention of these cells. Here, using conditionally deficient MyD88 mice, we show that myeloid cells are the key mediators of TCRαβ+ IEL recruitment to the colon. Upon exposure to luminal bacteria, myeloid cells produce sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) in a MyD88-dependent fashion. TCRαβ+ IEL recruitment may be blocked using the S1P receptor antagonist FTY720, confirming the importance of S1P in the recruitment of TCRαβ+ IELs to the colon epithelium. Finally, using the TNFΔARE/+ model of Crohn's-like bowel inflammation, we show that disruption of colon IEL recruitment through myeloid-specific MyD88 deficiency results in reduced pathology. Our results illustrate one mechanism for recruitment of a subset of IELs to the colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Mann Danielson
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Adam R. Lefferts
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Eric Norman
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Emilie H. Regner
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
- Current affiliation: Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, OR
| | - Hanna M. Schulz
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Danielle Sansone-Poe
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - David J. Orlicky
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Kristine A. Kuhn
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
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Khan KN, Guo SW, Ogawa K, Fujishita A, Mori T. The role of innate and adaptive immunity in endometriosis. J Reprod Immunol 2024; 163:104242. [PMID: 38503076 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2024.104242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
The innate and adaptive immune systems are the two key branches that determine host protection at all mucosal surfaces in human body, including the female reproductive tract. The pattern recognition receptors within the host that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns are expressed on the cells of the innate immune system. Rapidly reactive, theinnate immune system, responds immediately to the presence of infectious or other non-self agents, thereby launching an inflammatory response to protect the host until the activation of slower adaptive immune system. Macrophages, dendritic cells, and toll-like receptors are integral components of the innate immune system. In contrast, T-helper (Th1/Th2/Th17) cells and regulatory T (Treg) cells are the primary components of adaptive immune system. Studies showed that the growth and progression of endometriosis continue even in unilateral ovariectomized animal suggesting that besides ovarian steroid hormones, the growth of endometriosis could be regulated by innate/adaptive immune systems in pelvic environment. Recent reports demonstrated a potential role of Th1/Th2/Th17/Treg cells either individually or collectively in the initiation, maintenance, and progression of endometriosis. Herewe review the fundamental knowledge of innate and adaptive immunity and elaborate the role of innate and adaptive immunity in endometriosis based on both human and experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaleque N Khan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
| | - Sun-Wei Guo
- Shanghai Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Shanghai 200011, China.
| | - Kanae Ogawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Akira Fujishita
- Department of Gynecology, Saiseikai Nagasaki Hospital, Nagasaki 850-0003, Japan
| | - Taisuke Mori
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
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