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Meyers M, Salmon M, Libert I, Klášterský J. A meta-analysis on the risk of infection associated with intravenous iron therapy in cancer-associated anaemia: a double-edged sword? Curr Opin Oncol 2024; 36:223-232. [PMID: 38842015 DOI: 10.1097/cco.0000000000001024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The increased use of i.v. iron in the treatment of cancer-associated anemia raises concerns about its risk of infectious complications. High levels of circulating iron could increase the risk of infection by compromising natural defence mechanisms and promoting pathogen growth. Since the risk of infection is particularly high in the oncological population, we have examined whether the use of i.v. iron increases the risk of infectious complications among cancer patients. FINDINGS Among 18 randomized trials in our systematic review, only 8 reported infectious complications, with no significant difference linked to the type of i.v. iron preparation. Two trials showed a statistically significant increase in infectious complications, one trial found a lower risk, while the remaining 5 reported no significant difference. Our meta-analysis revealed a numerical increase in infectious complications in the i.v. iron group, but the lack of statistical significance and significant heterogeneity among the trials limit definitive conclusions on the actual infection risk. SUMMARY Our findings suggest some increased risk in infectious complications after the administration of i.v. iron for cancer associated anaemia. However, i.v. iron therapy appears generally safe and effective in cancer-associated anaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maurine Salmon
- Data Centre, Institut Jules Bordet and Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB)
| | - Isabelle Libert
- Medical Oncology, Supportive Care Unit, Institut Jules Bordet, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean Klášterský
- Medical Oncology, Supportive Care Unit, Institut Jules Bordet, Brussels, Belgium
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2
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Li Y, Pan Y, Yin Y, Huang R. Integrating Transcriptomics and Proteomics to Characterize the Intestinal Responses to Cadmium Exposure Using a Piglet Model. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6474. [PMID: 38928180 PMCID: PMC11203886 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal element with a wide range of hazards and severe biotoxicity. Since Cd can be easily accumulated in the edible parts of plants, the exposure of humans to Cd is mainly through the intake of Cd-contaminated food. However, the intestinal responses to Cd exposure are not completely characterized. Herein, we simulated laboratory and environmental Cd exposure by feeding the piglets with CdCl2-added rice and Cd-contaminated rice (Cdcr) contained diet, as piglets show anatomical and physiological similarities to humans. Subsequent analysis of the metal element concentrations showed that exposure to the two types of Cd significantly increased Cd levels in piglets. After verifying the expression of major Cd transporters by Western blots, multi-omics further expanded the possible transporters of Cd and found Cd exposure causes wide alterations in the metabolism of piglets. Of significance, CdCl2 and Cdcr exhibited different body distribution and metabolic rewiring, and Cdcr had stronger carcinogenic and diabetes-inducing potential. Together, our results indicate that CdCl2 had a significant difference compared with Cdcr, which has important implications for a more intense study of Cd toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yikun Li
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China;
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Yiling Pan
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Ruilin Huang
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
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3
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Zhou Y, Cheng T, Tang K, Li H, Luo C, Yu F, Xiao F, Jin L, Hung IFN, Lu L, Yuen KY, Chan JFW, Yuan S, Sun H. Integration of metalloproteome and immunoproteome reveals a tight link of iron-related proteins with COVID-19 pathogenesis and immunity. Clin Immunol 2024; 263:110205. [PMID: 38575044 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2024.110205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Increasing clinical data show that the imbalance of host metallome is closely associated with different kinds of disease, however, the intrinsic mechanisms of action of metals in immunity and pathogenesis of disease remain largely undefined. There is lack of multiplexed profiling system to integrate the metalloproteome-immunoproteome information at systemic level for exploring the roles of metals in immunity and disease pathogenesis. In this study, we build up a metal-coding assisted multiplexed proteome assay platform for serum metalloproteomic and immunoproteomic profiling. By taking COVID-19 as a showcase, we unbiasedly uncovered the most evident modulation of iron-related proteins, i.e., Ft and Tf, in serum of severe COVID-19 patients, and the value of Ft/Tf could work as a robust biomarker for COVID-19 severity stratification, which overtakes the well-established clinical risk factors (cytokines). We further uncovered a tight association of transferrin with inflammation mediator IL-10 in COVID-19 patients, which was proved to be mainly governed by the monocyte/macrophage of liver, shedding light on new pathophysiological and immune regulatory mechanisms of COVID-19 disease. We finally validated the beneficial effects of iron chelators as anti-viral agents in SARS-CoV-2-infected K18-hACE2 mice through modulation of iron dyshomeostasis and alleviating inflammation response. Our findings highlight the critical role of liver-mediated iron dysregulation in COVID-19 disease severity, providing solid evidence on the involvement of iron-related proteins in COVID-19 pathophysiology and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory of Metallomics for Health and Environment, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China
| | - Tianfan Cheng
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Kaiming Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China
| | - Hongyan Li
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory of Metallomics for Health and Environment, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China
| | - Cuiting Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China
| | - Fu Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China
| | - Fan Xiao
- Department of Pathology and Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China
| | - Lijian Jin
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Ivan Fan-Ngai Hung
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China
| | - Liwei Lu
- Department of Pathology and Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China; Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, PR China; Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China; Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China; Academician Workstation of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China; Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China; Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, PR China; Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China; Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China; Academician Workstation of Hainan Province, Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China; Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Shuofeng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China; Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, PR China; Centre for Virology, Vaccinology and Therapeutics, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China.
| | - Hongzhe Sun
- Department of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry, CAS-HKU Joint Laboratory of Metallomics for Health and Environment, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, PR China.
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Teh MR, Armitage AE, Drakesmith H. Why cells need iron: a compendium of iron utilisation. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2024:S1043-2760(24)00109-7. [PMID: 38760200 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2024.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Iron deficiency is globally prevalent, causing an array of developmental, haematological, immunological, neurological, and cardiometabolic impairments, and is associated with symptoms ranging from chronic fatigue to hair loss. Within cells, iron is utilised in a variety of ways by hundreds of different proteins. Here, we review links between molecular activities regulated by iron and the pathophysiological effects of iron deficiency. We identify specific enzyme groups, biochemical pathways, cellular functions, and cell lineages that are particularly iron dependent. We provide examples of how iron deprivation influences multiple key systems and tissues, including immunity, hormone synthesis, and cholesterol metabolism. We propose that greater mechanistic understanding of how cellular iron influences physiological processes may lead to new therapeutic opportunities across a range of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan R Teh
- MRC Translational Immune Discovery Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew E Armitage
- MRC Translational Immune Discovery Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Hal Drakesmith
- MRC Translational Immune Discovery Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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5
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Pereira TA, Espósito BP. Can iron chelators ameliorate viral infections? Biometals 2024; 37:289-304. [PMID: 38019378 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-023-00558-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
The redox reactivity of iron is a double-edged sword for cell functions, being either essential or harmful depending on metal concentration and location. Deregulation of iron homeostasis is associated with several clinical conditions, including viral infections. Clinical studies as well as in silico, in vitro and in vivo models show direct effects of several viruses on iron levels. There is support for the strategy of iron chelation as an alternative therapy to inhibit infection and/or viral replication, on the rationale that iron is required for the synthesis of some viral proteins and genes. In addition, abnormal iron levels can affect signaling immune response. However, other studies report different effects of viral infections on iron homeostasis, depending on the class and genotype of the virus, therefore making it difficult to predict whether iron chelation would have any benefit. This review brings general aspects of the relationship between iron homeostasis and the nonspecific immune response to viral infections, along with its relevance to the progress or inhibition of the inflammatory process, in order to elucidate situations in which the use of iron chelators could be efficient as antivirals.
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Li Y, Qu G, Dou G, Ren L, Dang M, Kuang H, Bao L, Ding F, Xu G, Zhang Z, Yang C, Liu S. Engineered Extracellular Vesicles Driven by Erythrocytes Ameliorate Bacterial Sepsis by Iron Recycling, Toxin Clearing and Inflammation Regulation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306884. [PMID: 38247172 PMCID: PMC10987154 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Sepsis poses a significant challenge in clinical management. Effective strategies targeting iron restriction, toxin neutralization, and inflammation regulation are crucial in combating sepsis. However, a comprehensive approach simultaneously targeting these multiple processes has not been established. Here, an engineered apoptotic extracellular vesicles (apoEVs) derived from macrophages is developed and their potential as multifunctional agents for sepsis treatment is investigated. The extensive macrophage apoptosis in a Staphylococcus aureus-induced sepsis model is discovered, unexpectedly revealing a protective role for the host. Mechanistically, the protective effects are mediated by apoptotic macrophage-released apoEVs, which bound iron-containing proteins and neutralized α-toxin through interaction with membrane receptors (transferrin receptor and A disintegrin and metalloprotease 10). To further enhance therapeutic efficiency, apoEVs are engineered by incorporating mesoporous silica nanoparticles preloaded with anti-inflammatory agents (microRNA-146a). These engineered apoEVs can capture iron and neutralize α-toxin with their natural membrane while also regulating inflammation by releasing microRNA-146a in phagocytes. Moreover, to exploit the microcosmic movement and rotation capabilities, erythrocytes are utilized to drive the engineered apoEVs. The erythrocytes-driven engineered apoEVs demonstrate a high capacity for toxin and iron capture, ultimately providing protection against sepsis associated with high iron-loaded conditions. The findings establish a multifunctional agent that combines natural and engineered antibacterial strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- National Center for StomatologyNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesShanghai Key Laboratory of StomatologyResearch Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Regenerative MedicineChinese Academy of Medical SciencesDepartment of Oral SurgeryShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineCollege of StomatologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200011China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and RegenerationNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesShaanxi Key Laboratory of StomatologyDepartment of ProsthodonticsSchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityShaanxi710032China
| | - Guanlin Qu
- National Center for StomatologyNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesShanghai Key Laboratory of StomatologyResearch Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Regenerative MedicineChinese Academy of Medical SciencesDepartment of Oral SurgeryShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineCollege of StomatologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200011China
| | - Geng Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and RegenerationNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesShaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral DiseasesCenter for Tissue EngineeringSchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityShaanxi710032China
| | - Lili Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and RegenerationNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesShaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral DiseasesCenter for Tissue EngineeringSchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityShaanxi710032China
| | - Ming Dang
- School of DentistryUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMI48109USA
| | - Huijuan Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and RegenerationNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesShaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral DiseasesCenter for Tissue EngineeringSchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityShaanxi710032China
| | - Lili Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and RegenerationNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesShaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral DiseasesCenter for Tissue EngineeringSchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityShaanxi710032China
| | - Feng Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and RegenerationNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesShaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral DiseasesCenter for Tissue EngineeringSchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityShaanxi710032China
| | - Guangzhou Xu
- National Center for StomatologyNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesShanghai Key Laboratory of StomatologyResearch Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Regenerative MedicineChinese Academy of Medical SciencesDepartment of Oral SurgeryShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineCollege of StomatologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200011China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- National Center for StomatologyNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesShanghai Key Laboratory of StomatologyResearch Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Regenerative MedicineChinese Academy of Medical SciencesDepartment of Oral SurgeryShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineCollege of StomatologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200011China
| | - Chi Yang
- National Center for StomatologyNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesShanghai Key Laboratory of StomatologyResearch Unit of Oral and Maxillofacial Regenerative MedicineChinese Academy of Medical SciencesDepartment of Oral SurgeryShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineCollege of StomatologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200011China
| | - Shiyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and RegenerationNational Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesShaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral DiseasesCenter for Tissue EngineeringSchool of StomatologyThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityShaanxi710032China
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7
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Hasan J, Bok S. Plasmonic Fluorescence Sensors in Diagnosis of Infectious Diseases. BIOSENSORS 2024; 14:130. [PMID: 38534237 DOI: 10.3390/bios14030130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
The increasing demand for rapid, cost-effective, and reliable diagnostic tools in personalized and point-of-care medicine is driving scientists to enhance existing technology platforms and develop new methods for detecting and measuring clinically significant biomarkers. Humanity is confronted with growing risks from emerging and recurring infectious diseases, including the influenza virus, dengue virus (DENV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Ebola virus, tuberculosis, cholera, and, most notably, SARS coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19), among others. Timely diagnosis of infections and effective disease control have always been of paramount importance. Plasmonic-based biosensing holds the potential to address the threat posed by infectious diseases by enabling prompt disease monitoring. In recent years, numerous plasmonic platforms have risen to the challenge of offering on-site strategies to complement traditional diagnostic methods like polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Disease detection can be accomplished through the utilization of diverse plasmonic phenomena, such as propagating surface plasmon resonance (SPR), localized SPR (LSPR), surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), surface-enhanced fluorescence (SEF), surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy, and plasmonic fluorescence sensors. This review focuses on diagnostic methods employing plasmonic fluorescence sensors, highlighting their pivotal role in swift disease detection with remarkable sensitivity. It underscores the necessity for continued research to expand the scope and capabilities of plasmonic fluorescence sensors in the field of diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juiena Hasan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ritchie School of Engineering and Computer Science, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, USA
| | - Sangho Bok
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ritchie School of Engineering and Computer Science, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, USA
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8
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Zhang J, Yan B, Shi X. Association of iron overload with infectious complications in liver transplant recipients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Int Med Res 2024; 52:3000605241232920. [PMID: 38518199 PMCID: PMC10960351 DOI: 10.1177/03000605241232920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was performed to examine the possible association of iron overload with infectious complications and survival among liver transplant recipients. METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies published in the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases up to September 2022. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were extracted to estimate the association of iron overload with infectious outcomes and overall survival after liver transplantation. RESULTS Eight studies involving 2817 recipients met the inclusion criteria. Iron overload was strongly associated with an increased risk of infection after liver transplantation (HR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.03-2.68). An increase in the serum ferritin level was associated with an increased risk of infection after liver transplantation (HR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.09-1.91). Iron overload was a significant predictor of worse overall survival (HR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.11-1.64). In addition, a high serum ferritin level was significantly associated with an increased risk of death (HR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.10-1.64). CONCLUSION Iron overload may be associated with a higher risk of infectious complications and a worse prognosis among liver transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingpo Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang City, P.R. China
| | - Bingzheng Yan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang City, P.R. China
| | - Xin Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang City, P.R. China
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Hanson AL, Mulè MP, Ruffieux H, Mescia F, Bergamaschi L, Pelly VS, Turner L, Kotagiri P, Göttgens B, Hess C, Gleadall N, Bradley JR, Nathan JA, Lyons PA, Drakesmith H, Smith KGC. Iron dysregulation and inflammatory stress erythropoiesis associates with long-term outcome of COVID-19. Nat Immunol 2024; 25:471-482. [PMID: 38429458 PMCID: PMC10907301 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-024-01754-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Persistent symptoms following SARS-CoV-2 infection are increasingly reported, although the drivers of post-acute sequelae (PASC) of COVID-19 are unclear. Here we assessed 214 individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2, with varying disease severity, for one year from COVID-19 symptom onset to determine the early correlates of PASC. A multivariate signature detected beyond two weeks of disease, encompassing unresolving inflammation, anemia, low serum iron, altered iron-homeostasis gene expression and emerging stress erythropoiesis; differentiated those who reported PASC months later, irrespective of COVID-19 severity. A whole-blood heme-metabolism signature, enriched in hospitalized patients at month 1-3 post onset, coincided with pronounced iron-deficient reticulocytosis. Lymphopenia and low numbers of dendritic cells persisted in those with PASC, and single-cell analysis reported iron maldistribution, suggesting monocyte iron loading and increased iron demand in proliferating lymphocytes. Thus, defects in iron homeostasis, dysregulated erythropoiesis and immune dysfunction due to COVID-19 possibly contribute to inefficient oxygen transport, inflammatory disequilibrium and persisting symptomatology, and may be therapeutically tractable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimee L Hanson
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Matthew P Mulè
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
- NIH-Oxford-Cambridge Scholars Program, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hélène Ruffieux
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Federica Mescia
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Laura Bergamaschi
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Victoria S Pelly
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lorinda Turner
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Prasanti Kotagiri
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Berthold Göttgens
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Christoph Hess
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
- NIHR BioResource, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, Wellcome and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicholas Gleadall
- Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Botnar Research Centre for Child Health (BRCCH), University of Basel and ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - John R Bradley
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
- NHS Blood and Transplant, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - James A Nathan
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul A Lyons
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hal Drakesmith
- MRC Translational Immune Discovery Unit, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kenneth G C Smith
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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10
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Zhao X, Zhou Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Y. Ferritin: Significance in viral infections. Rev Med Virol 2024; 34:e2531. [PMID: 38502012 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
As an indispensable trace element, iron is essential for many biological processes. Increasing evidence has shown that virus infection can perturb iron metabolism and play a role in the occurrence and development of viral infection-related diseases. Ferritin plays a crucial role in maintaining the body's iron homoeostasis. It is an important protein to stabilise the iron balance in cells. Ferritin is a 24-mer hollow iron storage protein composed of two subunits: ferritin heavy chain and ferritin light chain. It was reported that ferritin is not only an intra-cellular iron storage protein, but also a pathogenic mediator that enhances the inflammatory process and stimulates the further inflammatory pathway, which is a key member of the vicious pathogenic cycle to perpetuate. Ferritin exerts immuno-suppressive and pro-inflammatory functions during viral infection. In this review, we describe in detail the basic information of ferritin in the first section, including its structural features, the regulation of ferritin. In the second part, we focus on the role of ferritin in viral infection-related diseases and the molecular mechanisms by which viral infection regulates ferritin. The last section briefly outlines the potential of ferritin in antiviral therapy. Given the importance of iron and viral infection, understanding the role of ferritin during viral infection helps us understand the relationship between iron metabolic dysfunction and viral infection, which provides a new direction for the development of antiviral therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhao
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuntao Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, China
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11
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Xu W, Chen M, Chen X, Su Y, Tang L, Zhang Y. Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection caused by market sewage: A case report and literature review. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23461. [PMID: 38148802 PMCID: PMC10750177 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is distributed worldwide in seafood such as fish, shrimp, and shellfish and is a major cause of seafood-borne diarrhoeal disease. Previous studies have reported infections contacting with contaminated seafood seawater. So far, 11 cases reported of skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) caused by V. parahaemolyticus, which 5 patients died and 6 survived. We found that transmission through contact with contaminated water also causes infection. We report a 46-year-old male contracted V. parahaemolyticus after being splashed with market sewage. His condition deteriorated rapidly and he died eventually, suggesting that more atypical modes of V. parahaemolyticus transmission may be possible in the future. Literature review revealed that SSTIs due to V. parahaemolyticus are rare, so, detailed questioning of the patient's exposure history can help with empirical drug administration early. Patients with immunodeficiency disease and progressive blistering need mandatory debridement urgently. If fascial necrosis is found during debridement, early amputation may save the patient's life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixian Xu
- The Eighth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 6 Qinren Road, Chancheng District, Foshan City, Guangdong Province, 528000, China
| | - Miaozhen Chen
- Foshan Clinical Medical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 3 Sanyou South Road, Chancheng District, Foshan City, Guangdong Province, 528000, China
| | - Xinxi Chen
- The Eighth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 6 Qinren Road, Chancheng District, Foshan City, Guangdong Province, 528000, China
| | - Yi Su
- The Eighth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 6 Qinren Road, Chancheng District, Foshan City, Guangdong Province, 528000, China
| | - Liqun Tang
- The Eighth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 6 Qinren Road, Chancheng District, Foshan City, Guangdong Province, 528000, China
| | - Yunhai Zhang
- The Eighth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 6 Qinren Road, Chancheng District, Foshan City, Guangdong Province, 528000, China
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12
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Obeagu EI, Obeagu GU, Ukibe NR, Oyebadejo SA. Anemia, iron, and HIV: decoding the interconnected pathways: A review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e36937. [PMID: 38215133 PMCID: PMC10783375 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This review delves into the intricate relationship between anemia, iron metabolism, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), aiming to unravel the interconnected pathways that contribute to the complex interplay between these 3 entities. A systematic exploration of relevant literature was conducted, encompassing studies examining the association between anemia, iron status, and HIV infection. Both clinical and preclinical investigations were analyzed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms linking these components. Chronic inflammation, a hallmark of HIV infection, disrupts iron homeostasis, impacting erythropoiesis and contributing to anemia. Direct viral effects on bone marrow function further compound red blood cell deficiencies. Antiretroviral therapy, while essential for managing HIV, introduces potential complications, including medication-induced anemia. Dysregulation of iron levels in different tissues adds complexity to the intricate network of interactions. Effective management of anemia in HIV necessitates a multifaceted approach. Optimization of antiretroviral therapy, treatment of opportunistic infections, and targeted nutritional interventions, including iron supplementation, are integral components. However, challenges persist in understanding the specific molecular mechanisms governing these interconnected pathways. Decoding the interconnected pathways of anemia, iron metabolism, and HIV is imperative for enhancing the holistic care of individuals with HIV/AIDS. A nuanced understanding of these relationships will inform the development of more precise interventions, optimizing the management of anemia in this population. Future research endeavors should focus on elucidating the intricate molecular mechanisms, paving the way for innovative therapeutic strategies in the context of HIV-associated anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nkiruka Rose Ukibe
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria
| | - Samson Adewale Oyebadejo
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Fundamental Applied Sciences, Institut d’ Enseignement Superiuor de Ruhengeri (INES-RUHENGERI), Musanze District, Northern Region, Rwanda
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13
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Huang R, Wu J, Ma Y, Kang K. Molecular Mechanisms of Ferroptosis and Its Role in Viral Pathogenesis. Viruses 2023; 15:2373. [PMID: 38140616 PMCID: PMC10747891 DOI: 10.3390/v15122373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a novelty form of regulated cell death, and it is mainly characterized by iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation in the cells. Its underlying mechanism is related to the amino acid, iron, and lipid metabolisms. During viral infection, pathogenic microorganisms have evolved to interfere with ferroptosis, and ferroptosis is often manipulated by viruses to regulate host cell servicing for viral reproduction. Therefore, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms underlying ferroptosis, elucidates the intricate signaling pathways involved, and explores the pivotal role of ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of viral infections. By enhancing our understanding of ferroptosis, novel therapeutic strategies can be devised to effectively prevent and treat diseases associated with this process. Furthermore, unraveling the developmental mechanisms through which viral infections exploit ferroptosis will facilitate development of innovative antiviral agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riwei Huang
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (R.H.); (J.W.); (Y.M.)
- College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jiang Wu
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (R.H.); (J.W.); (Y.M.)
| | - Yaodan Ma
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (R.H.); (J.W.); (Y.M.)
| | - Kai Kang
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; (R.H.); (J.W.); (Y.M.)
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14
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Bagheri-Hosseinabadi Z, Pirsadeghi A, Ostadebrahimi H, Taghipour Khaje Sharifi G, Abbasifard M. Correlation of iron and related factors with disease severity and outcomes and mortality of patients with Coronavirus disease 2019. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2023; 80:127285. [PMID: 37660574 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2023.127285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iron is a trace element that possesses immunomodulatory properties and modulates the proneness to the course and outcome of a diverse viral diseases. This study intended to investigate the correlation of different iron-related factors with disease severity and outcomes as well as the mortality of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. METHODS Blood serum samples were obtained from 80 COVID-19 cases and 100 healthy controls. Concentrations of ferritin, transferrin, total iron binding capacity (TIBC) was measured by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and iron level was measured by immunoturbidometric method. RESULTS Concentrations of iron, transferrin, and TIBC were low, while ferritin level was high in the COVID-19 cases in comparison to controls. In non-survivor (deceased) patients as well as severe subjects, the levels of iron, ferritin, transferrin, and TIBC were significantly different than survivors (discharged) and mild cases. Significant correlations were found between iron and related factors and the clinicopathological features of the patients. Based on ROC curve analysis, iron, ferritin, transferrin, and TIBC had potential to estimate disease severity in COVID-19 subjects. CONCLUSION Iron metabolism is involved in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Iron and related factors correlate with disease outcomes and might serve as biomarker in diagnosis of the disease severity and estimation of mortality in the COVID-19 subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Bagheri-Hosseinabadi
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Ali Pirsadeghi
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Hamid Ostadebrahimi
- Department of Pediatrics, Ali-Ibn Abi-Talib Hospital, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | | | - Mitra Abbasifard
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Department of Internal Medicine, Ali-Ibn Abi-Talib Hospital, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
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15
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Yang L, Wu Y, Jin W, Mo N, Ye G, Su Z, Tang L, Wang Y, Li Y, Du J. The potential role of ferroptosis in COVID-19-related cardiovascular injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115637. [PMID: 37844358 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), emerged as a global health threat in 2019. An important feature of the disease is that multiorgan symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 infection persist after recovery. Evidence indicates that people who recovered from COVID-19, even those under the age of 65 years without cardiovascular risk factors such as smoking, obesity, hypertension, and diabetes, had a significantly increased risk of cardiovascular disease for up to one year after diagnosis. Therefore, it is important to closely monitor individuals who have recovered from COVID-19 for potential cardiovascular damage that may manifest at a later stage. Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of non-apoptotic cell death characterized by the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increased lipid peroxide levels. Several studies have demonstrated that ferroptosis plays an important role in cancer, ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/RI), and other cardiovascular diseases. Altered iron metabolism, upregulation of reactive oxygen species, and glutathione peroxidase 4 inactivation are striking features of COVID-19-related cardiovascular injury. SARS-CoV-2 can cause cardiovascular ferroptosis, leading to cardiovascular damage. Understanding the mechanism of ferroptosis in COVID-19-related cardiovascular injuries will contribute to the development of treatment regimens for preventing or reducing COVID-19-related cardiovascular complications. In this article, we go over the pathophysiological underpinnings of SARS-CoV-2-induced acute and chronic cardiovascular injury, the function of ferroptosis, and prospective treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Department of Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yunyi Wu
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weidong Jin
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Nan Mo
- Department of Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gaoqi Ye
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zixin Su
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lusheng Tang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yanchun Li
- Department of Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jing Du
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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16
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Wang Y, Shen M, Li Y, Shao J, Zhang F, Guo M, Zhang Z, Zheng S. COVID-19-associated liver injury: Adding fuel to the flame. Cell Biochem Funct 2023; 41:1076-1092. [PMID: 37947373 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 is mainly characterized by respiratory disorders and progresses to multiple organ involvement in severe cases. With expansion of COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 research, correlative liver injury has been revealed. It is speculated that COVID-19 patients exhibited abnormal liver function, as previously observed in the SARS and MERS pandemics. Furthermore, patients with underlying diseases such as chronic liver disease are more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 and indicate a poor prognosis accompanied by respiratory symptoms, systemic inflammation, or metabolic diseases. Therefore, COVID-19 has the potential to impair liver function, while individuals with preexisting liver disease suffer from much worse infected conditions. COVID-19 related liver injury may be owing to direct cytopathic effect, immune dysfunction, gut-liver axis interaction, and inappropriate medication use. However, discussions on these issues are infancy. Expanding research have revealed that angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression mediated the combination of virus and target cells, iron metabolism participated in the virus life cycle and the fate of target cells, and amino acid metabolism regulated immune response in the host cells, which are all closely related to liver health. Further exploration holds great significance in elucidating the pathogenesis, facilitating drug development, and advancing clinical treatment of COVID-19-related liver injury. This article provides a review of the clinical and laboratory hepatic characteristics in COVID-19 patients, describes the etiology and impact of liver injury, and discusses potential pathophysiological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqian Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Material of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Shen
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yujia Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Material of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiangjuan Shao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Material of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Material of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Mei Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Material of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zili Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Material of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shizhong Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Therapeutic Material of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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17
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Hafizi M, Kalanaky S, Fakharzadeh S, Karimi P, Fakharian A, Lookzadeh S, Mortaz E, Mirenayat MS, Heshmatnia J, Karam MB, Zamani H, Nadji A, Toutkaboni MP, Oraee-Yazdani S, Akbari ME, Jamaati H, Nazaran MH. Beneficial effects of the combination of BCc1 and Hep-S nanochelating-based medicines on IL-6 in hospitalized moderate COVID-19 adult patients: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Trials 2023; 24:720. [PMID: 37951972 PMCID: PMC10638761 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07624-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the severe forms of COVID-19 and many other infectious diseases, the patients develop a cytokine storm syndrome (CSS) where pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-α play a key role in the development of this serious process. Selenium and iron are two important trace minerals, and their metabolism is tightly connected to immune system function. Numerous studies highlight the role of selenium and iron metabolism changes in the procedure of COVID-19 inflammation. The immunomodulator effect of nanomedicines that are synthesized based on nanochelating technology has been proved in previous studies. In the present study, the effects of the combination of BCc1(with iron-chelating property) and Hep-S (containing selenium) nanomedicines on mentioned cytokines levels in hospitalized moderate COVID-19 patients were evaluated. METHODS Laboratory-confirmed moderate COVID-19 patients were enrolled to participate in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in two separate groups: combination of BCc1 and Hep-S (N = 62) (treatment) or placebo (N = 60) (placebo). The blood samples were taken before medications on day zero, at discharge, and 28 days after consumption to measure hematological and biochemical parameters and cytokine levels. The clinical symptoms of all the patients were recorded according to an assessment questionnaire before the start of the treatment and on days 3 and discharge day. RESULTS The results revealed that consumption of the nanomedicines led to a significant decrease in the mean level of IL-6 cytokine, and at the end of the study, there was a 77% downward trend in IL-6 in the nanomedicine group, while an 18% increase in the placebo group (p < 0.05). In addition, the patients in the nanomedicines group had lower TNF-α levels; accordingly, there was a 21% decrease in TNF-α level in the treatment group, while a 31% increase in this cytokine level in the placebo was observed (p > 0.05). On the other hand, in nanomedicines treated groups, clinical scores of coughing, fatigue, and need for oxygen therapy improved. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the combination of BCc1 and Hep-S inhibits IL-6 as a highly important and well-known cytokine in COVID-19 pathophysiology and presents a promising view for immunomodulation that can manage CSS. TRIAL REGISTRATION Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials RCT20170731035423N2 . Registered on June 12, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Hafizi
- Department of Research and Development, Sodour Ahrar Shargh Company, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Kalanaky
- Department of Research and Development, Sodour Ahrar Shargh Company, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saideh Fakharzadeh
- Department of Research and Development, Sodour Ahrar Shargh Company, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pegah Karimi
- Department of Research and Development, Sodour Ahrar Shargh Company, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atefeh Fakharian
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Lookzadeh
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Mortaz
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Sadat Mirenayat
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Center (CRDRC), National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jalal Heshmatnia
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Bakhshayesh Karam
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Homa Zamani
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Nadji
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mihan Pourabdollah Toutkaboni
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Oraee-Yazdani
- Functional Neurosurgery Research Center, Comprehensive Neurosurgical Center of Excellence, Shohada Tajrish, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hamidreza Jamaati
- Clinical Tuberculosis and Epidemiology Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases (NRITLD), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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18
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Chaubey GK, Dilawari R, Modanwal R, Talukdar S, Dhiman A, Raje CI, Raje M. Excess iron aggravates the severity of COVID-19 infection. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 208:186-193. [PMID: 37553026 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) can induce severe inflammation of the lungs and respiratory system. Severe COVID-19 is frequently associated with hyper inflammation and hyper-ferritinemia. High iron levels are known to trigger pro-inflammatory effects. Cumulative iron loading negatively impacts on a patients innate immune effector functions and increases the risk for infection related complications. Prognosis of severe acute respiratory SARS-CoV-2 patients may be impacted by iron excess. Iron is an essential co-factor for numerous essential cellular enzymes and vital cellular operations. Viruses hijack cells in order to replicate, and efficient replication requires an iron-replete host. Utilizing iron loaded cells in culture we evaluated their susceptibility to infection by pseudovirus expressing the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and resultant cellular inflammatory response. We observed that, high levels of iron enhanced host cell ACE2 receptor expression contributing to higher infectivity of pseudovirus. In vitro Cellular iron overload also synergistically enhanced the levels of; reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 & TNF-α) and chemokine (CXCL-1&CCL-4) production in response to inflammatory stimulation of cells with spike protein. These results were confirmed using an in vivo mouse model. In future, limiting iron levels may be a promising adjuvant strategy in treating viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rahul Dilawari
- Institute of Microbial Technology, CSIR, Sector 39A, Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | - Radheshyam Modanwal
- Institute of Microbial Technology, CSIR, Sector 39A, Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | - Sharmila Talukdar
- Institute of Microbial Technology, CSIR, Sector 39A, Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | - Asmita Dhiman
- Institute of Microbial Technology, CSIR, Sector 39A, Chandigarh, 160036, India
| | - Chaaya Iyengar Raje
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Phase X, Sector 67, SAS Nagar, Punjab, 160062, India
| | - Manoj Raje
- Institute of Microbial Technology, CSIR, Sector 39A, Chandigarh, 160036, India.
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19
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Li Y, Han L, Li P, Ge J, Xue Y, Chen L. Potential network markers and signaling pathways for B cells of COVID-19 based on single-cell condition-specific networks. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:619. [PMID: 37853311 PMCID: PMC10583333 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09719-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
To explore the potential network markers and related signaling pathways of human B cells infected by COVID-19, we performed standardized integration and analysis of single-cell sequencing data to construct conditional cell-specific networks (CCSN) for each cell. Then the peripheral blood cells were clustered and annotated based on the conditional network degree matrix (CNDM) and gene expression matrix (GEM), respectively, and B cells were selected for further analysis. Besides, based on the CNDM of B cells, the hub genes and 'dark' genes (a gene has a significant difference between case and control samples not in a gene expression level but in a conditional network degree level) closely related to COVID-19 were revealed. Interestingly, some of the 'dark' genes and differential degree genes (DDGs) encoded key proteins in the JAK-STAT pathway, which had antiviral effects. The protein p21 encoded by the 'dark' gene CDKN1A was a key regulator for the COVID-19 infection-related signaling pathway. Elevated levels of proteins encoded by some DDGs were directly related to disease severity of patients with COVID-19. In short, the proteins encoded by 'dark' genes complement some missing links in COVID-19 and these signaling pathways played an important role in the growth and activation of B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
- Longmen Laboratory, Luoyang, 471003, Henan, China
| | - Liqin Han
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
- Longmen Laboratory, Luoyang, 471003, Henan, China
| | - Peiluan Li
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China.
- Longmen Laboratory, Luoyang, 471003, Henan, China.
| | - Jing Ge
- Shanghai Immune Therapy Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yun Xue
- College of Medical Technology and Engineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Luonan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201100, China.
- Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201100, China.
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, Med-X Center for Informatics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Wiffen L, D’Cruz LG, Brown T, Higenbottam TW, Bernstein JA, Campbell C, Moellman J, Ghosh D, Richardson C, Weston-Davies W, Chauhan AJ. Clinical severity classes in COVID-19 pneumonia have distinct immunological profiles, facilitating risk stratification by machine learning. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1192765. [PMID: 37731491 PMCID: PMC10508987 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1192765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Clinical triage in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) places a heavy burden on senior clinicians during a pandemic situation. However, risk stratification based on serum biomarker bioprofiling could be implemented by a larger, nonspecialist workforce. Method Measures of Complement Activation and inflammation in patientS with CoronAvirus DisEase 2019 (CASCADE) patients (n = 72), (clinicaltrials.gov: NCT04453527), classified as mild, moderate, or severe (by support needed to maintain SpO2 > 93%), and healthy controls (HC, n = 20), were bioprofiled using 76 immunological biomarkers and compared using ANOVA. Spearman correlation analysis on biomarker pairs was visualised via heatmaps. Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) models were generated to identify patients likely to deteriorate. An X-Gradient-boost (XGB) model trained on CASCADE data to triage patients as mild, moderate, and severe was retrospectively employed to classify COROnavirus Nomacopan Emergency Treatment for covid 19 infected patients with early signs of respiratory distress (CORONET) patients (n = 7) treated with nomacopan. Results The LDA models distinctly discriminated between deteriorators, nondeteriorators, and HC, with IL-27, IP-10, MDC, ferritin, C5, and sC5b-9 among the key predictor variables during deterioration. C3a and C5 were elevated in all severity classes vs. HC (p < 0.05). sC5b-9 was elevated in the "moderate" and "severe" categories vs. HC (p < 0.001). Heatmap analysis shows a pairwise increase of negatively correlated pairs with IL-27. The XGB model indicated sC5b-9, IL-8, MCP1, and prothrombin F1 and F2 were key discriminators in nomacopan-treated patients (CORONET study). Conclusion Distinct immunological fingerprints from serum biomarkers exist within different severity classes of COVID-19, and harnessing them using machine learning enabled the development of clinically useful triage and prognostic tools. Complement-mediated lung injury plays a key role in COVID-19 pneumonia, and preliminary results hint at the usefulness of a C5 inhibitor in COVID-19 recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Wiffen
- Research and Innovation Department, Portsmouth Hospitals University National Health Service (NHS) Trust, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Leon Gerard D’Cruz
- Research and Innovation Department, Portsmouth Hospitals University National Health Service (NHS) Trust, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
- School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Brown
- Research and Innovation Department, Portsmouth Hospitals University National Health Service (NHS) Trust, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jonathan A. Bernstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Courtney Campbell
- Ohio State University Medical Centre, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Joseph Moellman
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | - Debajyoti Ghosh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, United States
| | | | | | - Anoop J. Chauhan
- Research and Innovation Department, Portsmouth Hospitals University National Health Service (NHS) Trust, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
- School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, United Kingdom
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Pandey SS. The Role of Iron in Phytopathogenic Microbe-Plant Interactions: Insights into Virulence and Host Immune Response. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3173. [PMID: 37687419 PMCID: PMC10563075 DOI: 10.3390/plants12173173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Iron is an essential element required for the growth and survival of nearly all forms of life. It serves as a catalytic component in multiple enzymatic reactions, such as photosynthesis, respiration, and DNA replication. However, the excessive accumulation of iron can result in cellular toxicity due to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through the Fenton reaction. Therefore, to maintain iron homeostasis, organisms have developed a complex regulatory network at the molecular level. Besides catalyzing cellular redox reactions, iron also regulates virulence-associated functions in several microbial pathogens. Hosts and pathogens have evolved sophisticated strategies to compete against each other over iron resources. Although the role of iron in microbial pathogenesis in animals has been extensively studied, mechanistic insights into phytopathogenic microbe-plant associations remain poorly understood. Recent intensive research has provided intriguing insights into the role of iron in several plant-pathogen interactions. This review aims to describe the recent advances in understanding the role of iron in the lifestyle and virulence of phytopathogenic microbes, focusing on bacteria and host immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheo Shankar Pandey
- Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST), Guwahati 781035, India; ; Tel.: +91-361-2270095 (ext. 216)
- Citrus Research and Education Center (CREC), Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Lake Alfred, FL 33850, USA
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22
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Ghoti H, Zreid H, Ghoti I, Bourgonje AR, Diepstra A, van Goor H, Avivi I, Jeadi H, van Eijk LE, Weiss G. Clinical outcome and humoral immune responses of β-thalassemia major patients with severe iron overload to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination: a prospective cohort study. EClinicalMedicine 2023; 62:102096. [PMID: 37560260 PMCID: PMC10406963 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 has raised special concern for patients with β-thalassemia major (β-TM) due to frequent comorbidities, regular blood transfusions, and iron overload. However, the exact implications of COVID-19 for patients with β-TM remain uncertain. We aimed to explore the COVID-19 incidence and severity, and the serological response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination in patients with β-TM. METHODS Patients with β-TM (n = 105) and age-matched healthy controls, all individuals of all control groups were health care workers of the hospital, were prospectively enrolled at the haematology department of Al-Shifa hospital in the Gaza Strip from January 1st, 2021 to December 31st, 2021. Data on COVID-19 incidence and severity were analysed, with Alpha, Beta, and Delta SARS-CoV-2 variants dominating at that time. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody levels were measured and compared between study groups. FINDINGS Patients with β-TM showed a higher incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection than the general population (61.9% vs. 7.1%, p < 0.0001). Most patients with β-TM had asymptomatic (70.8%) or mild disease (26.1%), with no fatalities recorded. COVID-19 illness was more severe among female than male patients with β-TM. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies were significantly higher in symptomatic patients with β-TM than controls post-infection (geometric mean ÷ geometric standard deviation 1299.0 ÷ 3.3 vs. 555.7 ÷ 2.4 AU/mL, p = 0.009) and post-vaccination (8404.0 ÷ 3.9 vs. 2785.6 ÷ 5.0 AU/mL, p = 0.015). Similar responses were observed when comparing splenectomised to non-splenectomised (both asymptomatic and symptomatic) patients with β-TM post-infection (595.4 ÷ 3.9 vs. 280.7 ÷ 3.5 AU/mL, p = 0.005) and post-vaccination (13,778.2 ÷ 3.2 vs. 4961.8 ÷ 4.1 AU/mL, p = 0.045). INTERPRETATION This distinctive β-TM cohort exhibited a high susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection but mild disease course. Our findings support favourable serological responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection and to vaccination in patients with β-TM, indicating a potential interplay between iron availability and COVID-19-related immunity. FUNDING This study was funded by Mr. Hosam and Wasim s. El Helou.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussam Ghoti
- Department of Hematology, Al-Shifa Hospital, 51245, Gaza, Palestine
- Hematology Clinic, National Health Services, 6818164, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Hala Zreid
- Department of Hematology, Al-Shifa Hospital, 51245, Gaza, Palestine
| | - Israa Ghoti
- Human Medicine, European University of Cyprus, 2404, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Arno R. Bourgonje
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Arjan Diepstra
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Harry van Goor
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Irit Avivi
- Hematology Division, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center and Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 64239, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Hisham Jeadi
- Department of Hematology, Al-Shifa Hospital, 51245, Gaza, Palestine
| | - Larissa E. van Eijk
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Günter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
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Chen J, Fu J, Zhao S, Zhang X, Chao Y, Pan Q, Sun H, Zhang J, Li B, Xue T, Li J, Liu C. Free Radical and Viral Infection: A Review from the Perspective of Ferroptosis. Vet Sci 2023; 10:456. [PMID: 37505861 PMCID: PMC10384322 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10070456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Free radicals, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), play critical roles in various physiological activities such as cell differentiation, apoptosis, and vascular tension when existing in cells at low levels. However, excessive amounts of free radicals are harmful, causing DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, protein degeneration, and abnormal cell death. Certain viral infections induce cells to produce excessive free radicals, which in multiple ways help the virus to replicate, mature, and exit. Iron is a necessary element for many intracellular enzymes, involved in both cellular activities and viral replication. Ferroptosis, a programmed cell death mode distinct from apoptosis, necrosis, and pyroptosis, is characterized by lipid peroxide accumulation and damage to the antioxidant system, affecting many cellular processes. Viral infection commonly manifests as decreased glutathione (GSH) content and down-regulated glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) activity, similar to ferroptosis. Recent studies have suggested a possible relationship among free radicals, viral infections and ferroptosis. This review aims to elucidate the molecular mechanism linking free radicals and ferroptosis during viral infections and provide a new theoretical basis for studying viral pathogenesis and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Jinping Fu
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Diagnosis, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Sha Zhao
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Diagnosis, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xiaoxi Zhang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Diagnosis, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yuyang Chao
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Diagnosis, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Qunxing Pan
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Diagnosis, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Huawei Sun
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Diagnosis, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jingfeng Zhang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Diagnosis, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Bin Li
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Diagnosis, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Tao Xue
- College of Medicine, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
| | - Jingui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Chuanmin Liu
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Diagnosis, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- College of Medicine, Linyi University, Linyi 276000, China
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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Toljić B, Milašin J, De Luka SR, Dragović G, Jevtović D, Maslać A, Ristić-Djurović JL, Trbovich AM. HIV-Infected Patients as a Model of Aging. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0053223. [PMID: 37093018 PMCID: PMC10269491 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00532-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
We appraised the relationship between the biological and the chronological age and estimated the rate of biological aging in HIV-infected patients. Two independent biomarkers, the relative telomere length and iron metabolism parameters, were analyzed in younger (<35) and older (>50) HIV-infected and uninfected patients (control group). In our control group, telomeres of younger patients were significantly longer than telomeres of older ones. However, in HIV-infected participants, the difference in the length of telomeres was lost. By combining the length of telomeres with serum iron, ferritin, and transferrin iron-binding capacity, a new formula for determination of the aging process was developed. The life expectancy of the healthy population was related to their biological age, and HIV-infected patients were biologically older. The effect of antiretroviral HIV drug therapies varied with respect to the biological aging process. IMPORTANCE This article is focused on the dynamics of human aging. Moreover, its interdisciplinary approach is applicable to various systems that are aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boško Toljić
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Milašin
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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25
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Mei J, Xiao X, Liang N, Dong L, Wei S, Mo L, Zhao W, Cai Y. Clinical Significance of Serum Iron Metabolism-Related Markers in Patients with Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 2023; 85:223-230. [PMID: 37311432 DOI: 10.1159/000530714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It is known that iron metabolism is dysregulated in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). However, a meaningful assessment of the iron metabolic status in cancer patient is still under debate. This study aims to evaluate the status of iron metabolism, as well as to explore the correlation between those related serum markers and clinicopathological features of patients with NPC. METHODS Peripheral blood was collected from 191 pretreatment NPC patients and 191 healthy controls. The red blood cell parameters, plasma Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA load, serum iron (SI), total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), transferrin, soluble transferrin receptor (sTFR), ferritin, and hepcidin were quantitatively detected. RESULTS The mean levels of hemoglobin and red blood cell count in the NPC group were significantly lower than those in the control group, while no statistical differences in mean MCV were found between the two groups. Median levels of SI, TIBC, transferrin, and hepcidin were significantly lower in the NPC group than in the control group. Compared to patients with the T1-T2 classification, patients with the T3-T4 classification exhibited significantly lower expression levels of SI and TIBC. Serum levels of ferritin and sTFR were significantly higher in patients with M1 classification than those with M0 classification. The EBV DNA load was associated with serum levels of sTFR and hepcidin. CONCLUSION NPC patients had functional iron deficiency. The degree of iron deficiency was related to the tumor burden and metastasis of NPC. EBV might be involved in the regulation of iron metabolism in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Mei
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China
| | - Xue Xiao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Naixu Liang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuzhou Red Cross Hospital, Wuzhou, China
| | - Liangzhe Dong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuzhou Red Cross Hospital, Wuzhou, China
| | - Songxiao Wei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuzhou Red Cross Hospital, Wuzhou, China
| | - Lifeng Mo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuzhou Red Cross Hospital, Wuzhou, China
| | - Weilin Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yonglin Cai
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuzhou Red Cross Hospital, Wuzhou, China
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Wuzhou, China
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26
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Liu L, Du J, Yang S, Zheng B, Shen J, Huang J, Cao L, Huang S, Liu X, Guo L, Li C, Ke C, Peng X, Guo D, Peng H. SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a sensitizes cells to ferroptosis via Keap1-NRF2 axis. Redox Biol 2023; 63:102752. [PMID: 37245288 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral infection-induced cell death has long been considered as a double-edged sword in the inhibition or exacerbation of viral infections. Patients with severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) are characterized by multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and cytokine storm, which may result from SARS-CoV-2-induced cell death. Previous studies have observed enhanced ROS level and signs of ferroptosis in SARS-CoV-2 infected cells or specimens of patients with COVID-19, but the exact mechanism is not clear yet. Here, we find SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a sensitizes cells to ferroptosis via Keap1-NRF2 axis. SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a promotes the degradation of NRF2 through recruiting Keap1, thereby attenuating cellular resistance to oxidative stress and facilitated cells to ferroptotic cell death. Our study uncovers that SARS-CoV-2 ORF3a functions as a positive regulator of ferroptosis, which might explain SARS-CoV-2-induced damage in multiple organs in COVID-19 patients and imply the potential of ferroptosis inhibition in COVID-19 treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Centre for Infection and Immunity Study (CIIS), School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China; Guangzhou Laboratory, Bio-island, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jie Du
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Centre for Infection and Immunity Study (CIIS), School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sidi Yang
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Bio-island, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Birong Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Centre for Infection and Immunity Study (CIIS), School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China; Guangzhou Laboratory, Bio-island, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jian Shen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Central Hospital of Panyu District, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jiacheng Huang
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Bio-island, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Liu Cao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Centre for Infection and Immunity Study (CIIS), School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Siyao Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Centre for Infection and Immunity Study (CIIS), School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xue Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Centre for Infection and Immunity Study (CIIS), School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liping Guo
- Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Second Hospital Affiliated to Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Chunmei Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Centre for Infection and Immunity Study (CIIS), School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Changwen Ke
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Xiaofang Peng
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Deyin Guo
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Bio-island, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Hong Peng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Centre for Infection and Immunity Study (CIIS), School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Systems Medicine in Inflammatory Diseases, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China.
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Kurian SJ, Mathews SP, Paul A, Viswam SK, Kaniyoor Nagri S, Miraj SS, Karanth S. Association of serum ferritin with severity and clinical outcome in COVID-19 patients: An observational study in a tertiary healthcare facility. CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GLOBAL HEALTH 2023; 21:101295. [PMID: 37012977 PMCID: PMC10060024 DOI: 10.1016/j.cegh.2023.101295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ferritin, an intracellular protein, has a pivotal role in immune dysregulation. Hyperferritinemia has been associated with higher disease severity and adverse clinical outcomes in COVID-19, including mortality. We aimed to study the association of serum ferritin levels with disease severity and clinical outcomes and its severity prediction potential in COVID-19 patients. Methods This retrospective study included 870 adult patients with symptomatic COVID-19 infection hospitalized between July 1, 2020 to December 21, 2020. All the patients had a positive polymerase chain reaction test result of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Results The median age was 55 (IQR:40, 65) years with a male predominance [66.32% (n = 577)], among 870 COVID-19. Of these, 413 (47.47%) had mild COVID-19, and 457 (52.53%) had moderate plus severe COVID-19 disease. Median ferritin levels were significantly high in moderate to severe COVID-19 infection compared to mild [545.8 (326.0, 1046.0) vs 97.3 (52.65-155.5) (p = 0.001)], and in patients who developed a complication compared to without complications [380 (177.05, 863.15) vs 290 (110.9, 635) (p = 0.002). A slight elevation in median ferritin levels was observed in patients who had an ICU stay than non-ICU [326 (129.8, 655) vs 309 (119.1, 684) (p = 0.872)]. The cut-off for ferritin was identified at >287.4 ng/ml for mild versus moderate plus severe COVID-19 infections. Conclusion Moderate to severe COVID-19 patients have elevated ferritin levels. Patients with more than 287.4 ng/ml ferritin value would have greater chances of developing moderate to severe COVID-19 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilia Jacob Kurian
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Sara Poikayil Mathews
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Abin Paul
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Subeesh K Viswam
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Shivashankara Kaniyoor Nagri
- Department of Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Sonal Sekhar Miraj
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Shubhada Karanth
- Department of Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
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Ianiro G, D'Ezio V, Carpinelli L, Casella C, Bonaccorsi di Patti MC, Rosa L, Valenti P, Colasanti M, Musci G, Cutone A, Persichini T. Iron Saturation Drives Lactoferrin Effects on Oxidative Stress and Neurotoxicity Induced by HIV-1 Tat. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097947. [PMID: 37175651 PMCID: PMC10178013 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The Trans-Activator of Transcription (Tat) of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV-1) is involved in virus replication and infection and can promote oxidative stress in human astroglial cells. In response, host cells activate transcription of antioxidant genes, including a subunit of System Xc- cystine/glutamate antiporter which, in turn, can trigger glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity. Here, we present data on the efficacy of bovine Lactoferrin (bLf), both in its native (Nat-bLf) and iron-saturated (Holo-bLf) forms, in counteracting oxidative stress in U373 human astroglial cells constitutively expressing the viral protein (U373-Tat). Our results show that, dependent on iron saturation, both Nat-bLf and Holo-bLf can boost host antioxidant response by up-regulating System Xc- and the cell iron exporter Ferroportin via the Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) pathway, thus reducing Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)-mediated lipid peroxidation and DNA damage in astrocytes. In U373-Tat cells, both forms of bLf restore the physiological internalization of Transferrin (Tf) Receptor 1, the molecular gate for Tf-bound iron uptake. The involvement of astrocytic antioxidant response in Tat-mediated neurotoxicity was evaluated in co-cultures of U373-Tat with human neuronal SH-SY5Y cells. The results show that the Holo-bLf exacerbates Tat-induced excitotoxicity on SH-SY5Y, which is directly dependent on System-Xc- upregulation, thus highlighting the mechanistic role of iron in the biological activities of the glycoprotein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giusi Ianiro
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, 86090 Pesche, Italy
| | - Veronica D'Ezio
- Department of Science, University "ROMA TRE", 00146 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Cecilia Casella
- Department of Science, University "ROMA TRE", 00146 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Luigi Rosa
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Piera Valenti
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Colasanti
- Department of Science, University "ROMA TRE", 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Musci
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, 86090 Pesche, Italy
| | - Antimo Cutone
- Department of Biosciences and Territory, University of Molise, 86090 Pesche, Italy
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Tong S, Hong Y, Xu Y, Sun Q, Ye L, Cai J, Ye Z, Chen Q, Tian D. TFR2 regulates ferroptosis and enhances temozolomide chemo-sensitization in gliomas. Exp Cell Res 2023; 424:113474. [PMID: 36702193 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Glioma is a common type of brain tumor with high incidence and mortality rates. Iron plays an important role in various physiological and pathological processes. Iron entry into the cell is promoted by binding the transferrin receptor 2 (TFR2) to the iron-transferrin complex. This study was designed to assess the association between TFR2 and ferroptosis in glioma. Lipid peroxidation levels in glioma cells were assessed by determination of lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS), glutathione content, and mitochondrial membrane potential. The effect of TFR2 on TMZ sensitivity was examined by cell viability assays, flow cytometry, and colony formation assays. We found that Low TFR2 expression predicted a better prognosis for glioma patients. And overexpression of TFR2 promoted the production of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation in glioma cells, thereby further promoting ferroptosis. This could be reversed by the ferroptosis inhibitors Fer-1 and DFO (both inhibitors of ferroptosis). Moreover, TFR2 potentiated the cytotoxic effect of TMZ (temozolomide) via activating ferroptosis. In conclusion, we found that TFR2 induced ferroptosis and enhanced TMZ sensitivity in gliomas. Our findings might provide a new treatment strategy for glioma patients and improve their prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiao Tong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, PR China
| | - Yu Hong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, PR China
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, PR China
| | - Qian Sun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, PR China
| | - Liguo Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, PR China
| | - Jiayang Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, PR China
| | - Zhang Ye
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, PR China
| | - Qianxue Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, PR China.
| | - Daofeng Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, PR China.
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Frei A, Verderosa AD, Elliott AG, Zuegg J, Blaskovich MAT. Metals to combat antimicrobial resistance. Nat Rev Chem 2023; 7:202-224. [PMID: 37117903 PMCID: PMC9907218 DOI: 10.1038/s41570-023-00463-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 89.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Bacteria, similar to most organisms, have a love-hate relationship with metals: a specific metal may be essential for survival yet toxic in certain forms and concentrations. Metal ions have a long history of antimicrobial activity and have received increasing attention in recent years owing to the rise of antimicrobial resistance. The search for antibacterial agents now encompasses metal ions, nanoparticles and metal complexes with antimicrobial activity ('metalloantibiotics'). Although yet to be advanced to the clinic, metalloantibiotics are a vast and underexplored group of compounds that could lead to a much-needed new class of antibiotics. This Review summarizes recent developments in this growing field, focusing on advances in the development of metalloantibiotics, in particular, those for which the mechanism of action has been investigated. We also provide an overview of alternative uses of metal complexes to combat bacterial infections, including antimicrobial photodynamic therapy and radionuclide diagnosis of bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Frei
- Community for Open Antimicrobial Drug Discovery, Centre for Superbug Solutions, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia.
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Anthony D Verderosa
- Community for Open Antimicrobial Drug Discovery, Centre for Superbug Solutions, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alysha G Elliott
- Community for Open Antimicrobial Drug Discovery, Centre for Superbug Solutions, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Johannes Zuegg
- Community for Open Antimicrobial Drug Discovery, Centre for Superbug Solutions, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mark A T Blaskovich
- Community for Open Antimicrobial Drug Discovery, Centre for Superbug Solutions, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland, Australia.
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Chen K, Wang J, Guo L, Wang J, Yang L, Hu T, Zhao Y, Wang X, Zhu Y. Lactobacillus johnsonii L531 Ameliorates Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Diarrhea by Modulating Iron Homeostasis and Oxidative Stress via the IRP2 Pathway. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051127. [PMID: 36904126 PMCID: PMC10005772 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) has evolved mechanisms to evade the host's nutritional immunity and thus promote bacterial growth by using the iron in the host. However, the detailed mechanisms of S. Typhimurium induce dysregulation of iron homeostasis and whether Lactobacillus johnsonii L531 can alleviate the iron metabolism disorder caused by S. Typhimurium has not been fully elucidated. Here, we show that S. Typhimurium activated the expression of iron regulatory protein 2 (IRP2), transferrin receptor 1, and divalent metal transporter protein 1 and suppressed the expression of iron exporter ferroportin, which resulted in iron overload and oxidative stress, inhibiting the key antioxidant proteins NF-E2-related factor 2, Heme Oxygenase-1, and Superoxide Dismutase in vitro and in vivo. L. johnsonii L531 pretreatment effectively reversed these phenomena. IRP2 knockdown inhibited iron overload and oxidative damage induced by S. Typhimurium in IPEC-J2 cells, while IRP2 overexpression promoted iron overload and oxidative damage caused by S. Typhimurium. Interestingly, the protective effect of L. johnsonii L531 on iron homeostasis and antioxidant function was blocked following IRP2 overexpression in Hela cells, demonstrating that L. johnsonii L531 attenuates disruption of iron homeostasis and consequent oxidative damage caused by S. Typhimurium via the IRP2 pathway, which contributes to the prevention of S. Typhimurium diarrhea in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyuan Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiufeng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Liang Guo
- Sanya Institute of China Agricultural University, Sanya 572000, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lan Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Ting Hu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yiqing Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xue Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yaohong Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-6273-1094; Fax: +86-10-6273-1274
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Giant Virus Infection Signatures Are Modulated by Euphotic Zone Depth Strata and Iron Regimes of the Subantarctic Southern Ocean. mSystems 2023; 8:e0126022. [PMID: 36794943 PMCID: PMC10134803 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.01260-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses can alter the abundance, evolution, and metabolism of microorganisms in the ocean, playing a key role in water column biogeochemistry and global carbon cycles. Large efforts to measure the contribution of eukaryotic microorganisms (e.g., protists) to the marine food web have been made, yet the in situ activities of the ecologically relevant viruses that infect these organisms are not well characterized. Viruses within the phylum Nucleocytoviricota ("giant viruses") are known to infect a diverse range of ecologically relevant marine protists, yet how these viruses are influenced by environmental conditions remains under-characterized. By employing metatranscriptomic analyses of in situ microbial communities along a temporal and depth-resolved gradient, we describe the diversity of giant viruses at the Southern Ocean Time Series (SOTS), a site within the subpolar Southern Ocean. Using a phylogeny-guided taxonomic assessment of detected giant virus genomes and metagenome-assembled genomes, we observed depth-dependent structuring of divergent giant virus families mirroring dynamic physicochemical gradients in the stratified euphotic zone. Analyses of transcribed metabolic genes from giant viruses suggest viral metabolic reprogramming of hosts from the surface to a 200-m depth. Lastly, using on-deck incubations reflecting a gradient of iron availability, we show that modulating iron regimes influences the activity of giant viruses in the field. Specifically, we show enhanced infection signatures of giant viruses under both iron-replete and iron-limited conditions. Collectively, these results expand our understanding of how the water column's vertical biogeography and chemical surroundings affect an important group of viruses within the Southern Ocean. IMPORTANCE The biology and ecology of marine microbial eukaryotes is known to be constrained by oceanic conditions. In contrast, how viruses that infect this important group of organisms respond to environmental change is less well known, despite viruses being recognized as key microbial community members. Here, we address this gap in our understanding by characterizing the diversity and activity of "giant" viruses within an important region in the sub-Antarctic Southern Ocean. Giant viruses are double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) viruses of the phylum Nucleocytoviricota and are known to infect a wide range of eukaryotic hosts. By employing a metatranscriptomics approach using both in situ samples and microcosm manipulations, we illuminated both the vertical biogeography and how changing iron availability affects this primarily uncultivated group of protist-infecting viruses. These results serve as a foundation for our understanding of how the open ocean water column structures the viral community, which can be used to guide models of the viral impact on marine and global biogeochemical cycling.
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Beltran DM, Villamil Osorio M, Fonseca SLG, Restrepo-Gualteros SM, Garcia MJR, Rodriguez-Martinez CE. Predictors of severity in severe respiratory infection in children with COVID-19 respiratory infection in a developing country. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28453. [PMID: 36594415 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
On March 11, 2020, the WHO declared the COVID-19 pandemic. This name was given to the disease caused by the SARS-CoV 2 virus at its outbreak in December 2019 in Wuhan, Hubei, China. In Colombia, a significant number of cases have been confirmed. The aim of this study was to evaluate children with respiratory symptoms caused by SARS-CoV2 infection, identifying independent predictors of risk of having a severe illness, thus leading to an early approach and intervention in our patients, especially in children with comorbidities. An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted between April 1, 2020 and March 31, 2021 at a fourth-level referral institution in Bogotá on patients under 18 years of age with respiratory symptoms and a COVID-19 diagnosis confirmed in the laboratory. An explanatory binary logistic regression model was performed with an outcome variable of admission to the intensive care unit. A total of 385 children were included in the study, with ages between 9 months and 17 years of age; 50.1% were male, and the ICR was 9.75 years. 41.6% had some comorbidity, 13.5% were admitted to the pediatric ICU, and 3.6% of the total number of patients died. The predictor variables were: use of antibiotics in the first 24 h, neurological comorbidity, and consolidation shown in the chest X-ray. This explains 38.7% of the variability of the variable. In this cohort of patients with COVID-19-associated respiratory symptoms, we identified predictors of severity, so we consider that these patients require a risk approach that allows timely and adequate care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Carlos E Rodriguez-Martinez
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia.,Department of Pediatric Pulmonology, School of Medicine, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia
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Epstein-Barr Virus Infection Is Associated with Elevated Hepcidin Levels. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021630. [PMID: 36675141 PMCID: PMC9862144 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
EBV and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) cause highly prevalent persistent infections as early as in childhood. Both pathogens are associated with gastric carcinogenesis. H. pylori interferes with iron metabolism, enhancing the synthesis of acute-phase proteins hepcidin, C-reactive protein (CRP), and α-1 glycoprotein (AGP), but we do not know whether EBV does the same. In this study, we correlated the EBV antibody levels and the serum levels of hepcidin, CRP, and AGP in 145 children from boarding schools in Mexico City. We found that children IgG positive to EBV antigens (VCA, EBNA1, and EA) presented hepcidin, AGP, and CRP levels higher than uninfected children. Hepcidin and AGP remained high in children solely infected with EBV, while CRP was only significantly high in coinfected children. We observed positive correlations between hepcidin and EBV IgG antibodies (p < 0.5). Using the TCGA gastric cancer database, we also observed an association between EBV and hepcidin upregulation. The TCGA database also allowed us to analyze the two important pathways controlling hepcidin expression, BMP−SMAD and IL-1β/IL-6. We observed only the IL-1β/IL-6-dependent inflammatory pathway being significantly associated with EBV infection. We showed here for the first time an association between EBV and enhanced levels of hepcidin. Further studies should consider EBV when evaluating iron metabolism and anemia, and whether in the long run this is an important mechanism of undernourishment and EBV gastric carcinogenesis.
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Zhang H, Li Y, Yang R, Xiao L, Dong S, Lin J, Liu G, Shan H. Erastin inhibits porcine epidemic diarrhea virus replication in Vero cells. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1142173. [PMID: 36936772 PMCID: PMC10015705 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1142173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), an intestinal pathogenic coronavirus, has caused significant economic losses to the swine industry worldwide. At present, there are several treatment methods, but there is still a lack of clinically effective targeted drugs, new antiviral mechanisms and drugs need to be explored. Methods In this study, we established a model of erastin versus ferrostatin-1 treatment of Vero cells, and then detected virus proliferation and gene expression by RT-qPCR through PEDV infection experiments. Results We demonstrated for the first time that erastin significantly inhibited the replication of PEDV upon entry into cells; Vero treated with erastin significantly regulated the expression of three genes, NRF2, ACSL4 and GPX4, notably erastin regulated the expression of these three genes negatively correlated with the expression induced by PEDV virus infection. Conclusions Since NRF2, ACSL4 and GPX4 are classical Ferroptosis genes, this study speculates that erastin may inhibit the replication of PEDV in Vero cells in part through the regulation of ferroptosis pathway, and erastin may be a potential drug for the treatment of PEDV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Development of Veterinary Pharmaceuticals, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yingguang Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Development of Veterinary Pharmaceuticals, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ruimei Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Development of Veterinary Pharmaceuticals, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ling Xiao
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Station of Rushanzhai Town, Rushan Animal Husbandry Development Center, Weihai, China
| | - Shaoming Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Development of Veterinary Pharmaceuticals, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiaxu Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Development of Veterinary Pharmaceuticals, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Gang Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Development of Veterinary Pharmaceuticals, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Gang Liu, ; Hu Shan,
| | - Hu Shan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Development of Veterinary Pharmaceuticals, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Gang Liu, ; Hu Shan,
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Shakaroun DA, Lazar MH, Horowitz JC, Jennings JH. Serum Ferritin as a Predictor of Outcomes in Hospitalized Patients with Covid-19 Pneumonia. J Intensive Care Med 2023; 38:21-26. [PMID: 35815883 PMCID: PMC9274159 DOI: 10.1177/08850666221113252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Elevated ferritin levels are associated with poor outcomes in Covid-19 patients. Optimal timing of ferritin assessment and the merit of longitudinal values remains unclear. Methods: Patients admitted to Henry Ford Hospital with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 were studied. Regression models were used to determine the relation between ferritin and mortality, need for mechanical ventilation, ICU admission, and days on the ventilator. Results: 2265 patients were evaluated. Patients with an initial ferritin of > 490 ng/mL had an increased risk of death (OR 3.4, P < .001), admission to the ICU (OR 2.78, P < .001) and need for mechanical ventilation (OR 3.9, P < .001). There was no difference between admission and Day 1 ICU ferritin levels (611.5 ng/mL vs. 649 ng/mL respectively; P = .07). The decline in ferritin over ICU days 1-4 was similar between survivors and non-survivors. A change in ferritin levels from admission to ICU Day 1 (P = .330), or from ICU Day 1 to 2 (P = .788), did not predict days on the ventilator. Conclusions: Initial Ferritin levels were highly predictive of ICU admission, the need for mechanical ventilation and in-hospital mortality. However, longitudinal measures of ferritin throughout the hospital stay did not provide additional predictive value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dania A. Shakaroun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Michael H. Lazar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Jeffrey C. Horowitz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jeffrey H. Jennings
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA,Jeffrey H. Jennings, Care Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, K-17. 2799 West Grand Boulevard, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
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A haemochromatosis-causing HFE mutation is associated with SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility in the Czech population. Clin Chim Acta 2023; 538:211-215. [PMID: 36572138 PMCID: PMC9788844 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has become a global pandemic. While susceptibility to COVID-19 is subject to several external factors, including hypertension, BMI, and the presence of diabetes, it is also genetically determined to a significant extent. Infectious agents require iron (Fe) for proper functioning. Carriers of mutations resulting in increased iron concentrations are understood to be at increased risk of COVID-19. METHODS We examined HFE genotypes associated with hereditary haemochromatosis (rs1800562 and rs1799945 SNPs) in 617 COVID-19 patients (166 asymptomatic, 246 symptomatic and 205 hospitalised survivors) and 2 559 population-based controls. RESULTS We found a higher frequency of the minor allele (Tyr282) of the rs1800562 polymorphism (P < 0.002) in patients compared to controls (8.5 % vs 5.5 %). Non-carriers of the minor allele were protected against SARS-Cov-2 infection (OR, 95 %CI; 0.59, 0.42-0.82). The frequency of minor allele carriers was almost identical across asymptomatic, symptomatic, and hospitalised survivors. The rs1799945 variant did not affect disease severity and its occurrence was almost identical in patients and controls (P between 0.58 and 0.84). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our results indicate that presence of the rs1800562 minor allele, which is associated with hereditary haemochromatosis (thus increased levels of plasma Fe), increases susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2.
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Naidu SAG, Clemens RA, Naidu AS. SARS-CoV-2 Infection Dysregulates Host Iron (Fe)-Redox Homeostasis (Fe-R-H): Role of Fe-Redox Regulators, Ferroptosis Inhibitors, Anticoagulants, and Iron-Chelators in COVID-19 Control. J Diet Suppl 2023; 20:312-371. [PMID: 35603834 DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2022.2075072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Severe imbalance in iron metabolism among SARS-CoV-2 infected patients is prominent in every symptomatic (mild, moderate to severe) clinical phase of COVID-19. Phase-I - Hypoxia correlates with reduced O2 transport by erythrocytes, overexpression of HIF-1α, altered mitochondrial bioenergetics with host metabolic reprogramming (HMR). Phase-II - Hyperferritinemia results from an increased iron overload, which triggers a fulminant proinflammatory response - the acute cytokine release syndrome (CRS). Elevated cytokine levels (i.e. IL6, TNFα and CRP) strongly correlates with altered ferritin/TF ratios in COVID-19 patients. Phase-III - Thromboembolism is consequential to erythrocyte dysfunction with heme release, increased prothrombin time and elevated D-dimers, cumulatively linked to severe coagulopathies with life-threatening outcomes such as ARDS, and multi-organ failure. Taken together, Fe-R-H dysregulation is implicated in every symptomatic phase of COVID-19. Fe-R-H regulators such as lactoferrin (LF), hemoxygenase-1 (HO-1), erythropoietin (EPO) and hepcidin modulators are innate bio-replenishments that sequester iron, neutralize iron-mediated free radicals, reduce oxidative stress, and improve host defense by optimizing iron metabolism. Due to its pivotal role in 'cytokine storm', ferroptosis is a potential intervention target. Ferroptosis inhibitors such as ferrostatin-1, liproxstatin-1, quercetin, and melatonin could prevent mitochondrial lipid peroxidation, up-regulate antioxidant/GSH levels and abrogate iron overload-induced apoptosis through activation of Nrf2 and HO-1 signaling pathways. Iron chelators such as heparin, deferoxamine, caffeic acid, curcumin, α-lipoic acid, and phytic acid could protect against ferroptosis and restore mitochondrial function, iron-redox potential, and rebalance Fe-R-H status. Therefore, Fe-R-H restoration is a host biomarker-driven potential combat strategy for an effective clinical and post-recovery management of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roger A Clemens
- Department of International Regulatory Science, University of Southern California School of Pharmacy, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Jung S, Kim MJ, Lim C, Elvitigala DAS, Lee J. Molecular insights into two ferritin subunits from red-lip mullet (Liza haematocheila): Detectable antibacterial activity with its expressional response against immune stimulants. Gene X 2023; 851:146923. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Dufrusine B, Valentinuzzi S, Bibbò S, Damiani V, Lanuti P, Pieragostino D, Del Boccio P, D’Alessandro E, Rabottini A, Berghella A, Allocati N, Falasca K, Ucciferri C, Mucedola F, Di Perna M, Martino L, Vecchiet J, De Laurenzi V, Dainese E. Iron Dyshomeostasis in COVID-19: Biomarkers Reveal a Functional Link to 5-Lipoxygenase Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:15. [PMID: 36613462 PMCID: PMC9819889 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is characterized by a broad spectrum of clinical symptoms. After acute infection, some subjects develop a post-COVID-19 syndrome known as long-COVID. This study aims to recognize the molecular and functional mechanisms that occur in COVID-19 and long-COVID patients and identify useful biomarkers for the management of patients with COVID-19 and long-COVID. Here, we profiled the response to COVID-19 by performing a proteomic analysis of lymphocytes isolated from patients. We identified significant changes in proteins involved in iron metabolism using different biochemical analyses, considering ceruloplasmin (Cp), transferrin (Tf), hemopexin (HPX), lipocalin 2 (LCN2), and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1). Moreover, our results show an activation of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) in COVID-19 and in long-COVID possibly through an iron-dependent post-translational mechanism. Furthermore, this work defines leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and lipocalin 2 (LCN2) as possible markers of COVID-19 and long-COVID and suggests novel opportunities for prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Dufrusine
- Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Silvia Valentinuzzi
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Sandra Bibbò
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Verena Damiani
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Paola Lanuti
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Damiana Pieragostino
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Piero Del Boccio
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Ersilia D’Alessandro
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Alberto Rabottini
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Alessandro Berghella
- Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Nerino Allocati
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Katia Falasca
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, S.S. Annunziata Hospital, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Claudio Ucciferri
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, S.S. Annunziata Hospital, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesco Mucedola
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, S.S. Annunziata Hospital, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Marco Di Perna
- Pneumology Department, “SS Annunziata” Hospital, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Laura Martino
- Pneumology Department, “SS Annunziata” Hospital, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Jacopo Vecchiet
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, S.S. Annunziata Hospital, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Vincenzo De Laurenzi
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Enrico Dainese
- Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
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Bhardwaj AK, Chejara S, Malik K, Kumar R, Kumar A, Yadav RK. Agronomic biofortification of food crops: An emerging opportunity for global food and nutritional security. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1055278. [PMID: 36570883 PMCID: PMC9780467 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1055278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Fortification of food with mineral micronutrients and micronutrient supplementation occupied the center stage during the two-year-long Corona Pandemic, highlighting the urgent need to focus on micronutrition. Focus has also been intensified on the biofortification (natural assimilation) of mineral micronutrients into food crops using various techniques like agronomic, genetic, or transgenic. Agronomic biofortification is a time-tested method and has been found useful in the fortification of several nutrients in several crops, yet the nutrient use and uptake efficiency of crops has been noted to vary due to different growing conditions like soil type, crop management, fertilizer type, etc. Agronomic biofortification can be an important tool in achieving nutritional security and its importance has recently increased because of climate change related issues, and pandemics such as COVID-19. The introduction of high specialty fertilizers like nano-fertilizers, chelated fertilizers, and water-soluble fertilizers that have high nutrient uptake efficiency and better nutrient translocation to the consumable parts of a crop plant has further improved the effectiveness of agronomic biofortification. Several new agronomic biofortification techniques like nutripriming, foliar application, soilless activation, and mechanized application techniques have further increased the relevance of agronomic biofortification. These new technological advances, along with an increased realization of mineral micronutrient nutrition have reinforced the relevance of agronomic biofortification for global food and nutritional security. The review highlights the advances made in the field of agronomic biofortification via the improved new fertilizer forms, and the emerging techniques that achieve better micronutrient use efficiency of crop plants.
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Bagayoko S, Meunier E. Emerging roles of ferroptosis in infectious diseases. FEBS J 2022; 289:7869-7890. [PMID: 34670020 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
In living organisms, lipid peroxidation is a continuously occurring cellular process and therefore involved in various physiological and pathological contexts. Among the broad variety of lipids, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) constitute a major target of oxygenation either when released as mediators by phospholipases or when present in membranous phospholipids. The last decade has seen the characterization of an iron- and lipid peroxidation-dependent cell necrosis, namely, ferroptosis, that involves the accumulation of peroxidized PUFA-containing phospholipids. Further studies could link ferroptosis in a very large body of (physio)-pathological processes, including cancer, neurodegenerative, and metabolic diseases. In this review, we mostly focus on the emerging involvement of lipid peroxidation-driven ferroptosis in infectious diseases, and the immune consequences. We also discuss the putative ability of microbial virulence factors to exploit or to dampen ferroptosis regulatory pathways to their own benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salimata Bagayoko
- Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology (IPBS), University of Toulouse, CNRS, France
| | - Etienne Meunier
- Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology (IPBS), University of Toulouse, CNRS, France
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He F, Wang J, Yuan D, Liu Y, Liu R, Zong W. Ferric ions release from iron-binding protein: Interaction between acrylamide and human serum transferrin and the underlying mechanisms of their binding. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 847:157583. [PMID: 35882343 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Acrylamide (ACR) is a surprisingly common chemical due to its widespread use in industry and various other applications. However, its toxicity is a matter of grave concern for public health. Even worse, ACR is frequently detected in numerous fried or baked carbohydrate-rich foods due to the Maillard browning reaction. Herein, this study intends to delineate the underlying molecular mechanisms of Fe ions released from iron-binding protein transferrin (TF) after acrylamide binding by combining multiple methods, including multiple complementary spectroscopic techniques (UV-Vis, fluorescence, and circular dichroism spectroscopy), isothermal titration calorimetry, ICP-MS measurements, and modeling simulations. Results indicated that free Fe was released from TF only under high-dose ACR exposure (>100 μM). Acrylamide binding induced the loosening and unfolding of the backbone and polypeptide chain and destroyed the secondary structure of TF, thereby leading to protein misfolding and denaturation of TF and forming a larger size of TF agglomerates. Of which, H-binding and van der Waals force are the primary driving force during the binding interaction between ACR and TF. Further modeling simulations illustrated that ACR prefers to bind to the hinge region connecting the C-lobe and N-lobe, after that it attaches to the Fe binding sites of this protein, which is the cause of free Fe release from TF. Moreover, ACR interacted with the critical fluorophore residues (Tyr, Trp, and Phe) in the binding pocket, which might explain such a phenomenon of fluorescence sensitization. The two binding sites (Site 2 and Site 3) located around the Fe (III) ions with low-energy conformations are more suitable for ACR binding. Collectively, our study demonstrated that the loss of iron in TF caused by acrylamide-induced structural and conformational changes of transferrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falin He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Jinhu Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Material Science, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, Shandong 277160, PR China
| | - Dong Yuan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu Normal University, Jinan 250013, PR China.
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu Normal University, Jinan 250013, PR China
| | - Rutao Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China.
| | - Wansong Zong
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, 88# East Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250014, PR China
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Iron: Not Just a Passive Bystander in AITD. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14214682. [PMID: 36364944 PMCID: PMC9658435 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is the most prevalent autoimmune disease all over the world and the most frequent cause of hypothyroidism in areas of iodine sufficiency. The pathogenesis of AITD is multifactorial and depends on complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors, with epigenetics being the crucial link. Iron deficiency (ID) can reduce the activities of thyroid peroxidase and 5′-deiodinase, inhibit binding of triiodothyronine to its nuclear receptor, and cause slower utilization of T3 from the serum pool. Moreover, ID can disturb the functioning of the immune system, increasing the risk of autoimmune disorders. ID can be responsible for residual symptoms that may persist in patients with AITD, even if their thyrometabolic status has been controlled. The human lifestyle in the 21st century is inevitably associated with exposure to chemical compounds, pathogens, and stress, which implies an increased risk of autoimmune disorders and thyroid dysfunction. To summarize, in our paper we discuss how iron deficiency can impair the functions of the immune system, cause epigenetic changes in human DNA, and potentiate tissue damage by chemicals acting as thyroid disruptors.
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Bastin A, Shiri H, Zanganeh S, Fooladi S, Momeni Moghaddam MA, Mehrabani M, Nematollahi MH. Iron Chelator or Iron Supplement Consumption in COVID-19? The Role of Iron with Severity Infection. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:4571-4581. [PMID: 34825316 PMCID: PMC8614629 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-03048-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Iron is a trace element that is used to replicate the virus and has a role in the vital functions of the body and the host's innate immune system. The mechanism of iron in COVID-19 severity is still not well understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of the iron with COVID-19 severity. A case-control study was performed on 147 patients with a positive PCR test result and 39 normal individuals admitted to the Persian Gulf Martyrs Hospital in Bushehr, Iran. The iron profiles and related tests were measured along with hematological analytes. Hemoglobin (Hb), Fe, and saturated transferrin decreased in all the groups compared to the controls, but ferritin increased in the patient groups. After adjusting for age and sex, we found that increased ferritin levels augmented the odds ratio (OR) of the disease in the moderate (OR = 2.95, P = 0.007), severe (OR = 6.1, P < 0.001), and critical groups (OR = 8.34, P < 0.001). The decreased levels of Fe reduced the OR of the disease in the mild (OR = 0.96, P < 0.001), moderate (OR = 0.96, P < 0.001), severe (OR = 0.95, P < 0.001), and critical (OR = 0.98, P = 0.001) groups. Fe (AUC = 85.95, cutoff < 75.5 µg/dL, P < 0.001) and ferritin (AUC = 84.45, cutoff > 157.5 ng/dL, P < 0.001) have higher AUC for disease prognosis, but only ferritin (AUC = 74.89, cutoff > 261.5 ng/dL, P < 0.001) has higher AUC for disease severity assays. It could be concluded that the use of iron chelators to reduce iron intake can be considered a therapeutic goal. In addition, measuring Fe and ferritin is beneficial for the diagnosis of the disease and determining its severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Bastin
- Student Research Committee, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Shiri
- Student Research Committee, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Sareh Zanganeh
- Bacteriology & Virology Department, Shiraz Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Saba Fooladi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Afzalipoor Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mohammad Amin Momeni Moghaddam
- Department of Nutrition and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Mehrnaz Mehrabani
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Pająk M, Woźniczka M, Fichna J. Complex-Forming Properties of Ceftazidime with Fe(III) Ions in an Aqueous Solution. Molecules 2022; 27:7226. [PMID: 36364052 PMCID: PMC9653668 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the complexing properties of ceftazidime with Fe(III) ions in aqueous solutions were characterized by UV-vis spectrophotometric and potentiometric methods. Using the UV-vis spectrophotometric method, the absorbance values for Fe(III) ions, a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic (ceftazidime), and the Fe(III)-ceftazidime system were determined. Based on pH-metric studies, the value of the stability constant for the Fe(III)-ceftazidime complex was calculated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Pająk
- Department of Physical and Biocoordination Chemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Muszyńskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Magdalena Woźniczka
- Department of Physical and Biocoordination Chemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Muszyńskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Jakub Fichna
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 5, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
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Andersen CT, Duggan CP, Manji K, Seage GR, Spiegelman D, Perumal N, Ulenga N, Fawzi WW. Iron supplementation and paediatric HIV disease progression: a cohort study among children receiving routine HIV care in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Int J Epidemiol 2022; 51:1533-1543. [PMID: 35167662 PMCID: PMC9557856 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyac017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anaemia is common among HIV-infected children and iron supplementation is prescribed routinely for the prevention and management of anaemia among children. Limited evidence suggests iron supplementation may have adverse effects among HIV-infected populations. We aimed to estimate the effect of iron supplement use on mortality, disease progression and haematological outcomes among HIV-infected children in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. METHODS A prospective cohort study was conducted among HIV-infected children (aged 0-14 years) receiving antiretroviral treatment or supportive care between October 2004 and September 2014. Clinical data were recorded on morbidity and vital status, haematological status and prescriptions at each clinical visit. Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for time-varying covariates were used to estimate the association of time-varying iron supplementation on the hazard rate of mortality, HIV disease stage progression, tuberculosis incidence and anaemia and microcytosis persistence. RESULTS In all, 4229 children were observed during 149 260 clinic visits for a mean follow-up of 2.9 years. After adjustment for time-varying clinical covariates, time-varying iron supplementation was associated with a 2.87 times higher hazard rate of mortality (95% CI: 1.70, 4.87) and a 1.48 times higher hazard rate of HIV disease stage progression (95% CI: 1.10, 1.98). Iron supplementation was also associated with a lower rate of anaemia persistence (HR = 0.47; 95% CI: 0.37, 0.61). No differences in the association between iron supplementation and clinical outcomes were observed by antiretroviral therapy or anaemia status. CONCLUSIONS Iron supplementation may increase the risk of HIV disease stage progression and mortality among HIV-infected children, while reducing the risk of anaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christopher P Duggan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Karim Manji
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - George R Seage
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Donna Spiegelman
- Departments of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Biostatistics, and Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Center for Methods in Implementation and Prevention Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nandita Perumal
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nzovu Ulenga
- Management and Development for Health, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Wafaie W Fawzi
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Engin AB, Engin ED, Engin A. Can iron, zinc, copper and selenium status be a prognostic determinant in COVID-19 patients? ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 95:103937. [PMID: 35882309 PMCID: PMC9307469 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In severe COVID-19, the levels of iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and selenium (Se), do not only regulate host immune responses, but modify the viral genome, as well. While low serum Fe concentration is an independent risk factor for the increased death rate, Zn controls oxidative stress, synthesis of inflammatory cytokines and viral replication. Therefore, Zn deficiency associates with a worse prognosis. Although Cu exposure inactivates the viral genome and exhibits spike protein dispersal, increase in Cu/Zn due to high serum Cu levels, are correlated with enhanced risk of infections. Se levels are significantly higher in surviving COVID-19 patients. Meanwhile, both Zn and Se suppress the replication of SARS-CoV-2. Since the balance between the deficiency and oversupply of these metals due to a reciprocal relationship, has decisive effect on the prognosis of the SARS-CoV-2 infection, monitoring their concentrations may facilitate improved outcomes for patients suffering from COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Basak Engin
- Gazi University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Toxicology, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Evren Doruk Engin
- Ankara University, Biotechnology Institute, Gumusdere Campus, Kecioren, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Atilla Engin
- Gazi University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of General Surgery, Ankara, Turkey
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Szklarz M, Gontarz-Nowak K, Matuszewski W, Bandurska-Stankiewicz E. Can Iron Play a Crucial Role in Maintaining Cardiovascular Health in the 21st Century? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11990. [PMID: 36231287 PMCID: PMC9565681 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191911990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In the 21st century the heart is facing more and more challenges so it should be brave and iron to meet these challenges. We are living in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic, population aging, prevalent obesity, diabetes and autoimmune diseases, environmental pollution, mass migrations and new potential pandemic threats. In our article we showed sophisticated and complex regulations of iron metabolism. We discussed the impact of iron metabolism on heart diseases, treatment of heart failure, diabetes and obesity. We faced the problems of constant stress, climate change, environmental pollution, migrations and epidemics and showed that iron is really essential for heart metabolism in the 21st century.
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50
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Ousaka D, Nishibori M. Is hemolysis a novel therapeutic target in COVID-19? Front Immunol 2022; 13:956671. [PMID: 36059481 PMCID: PMC9438449 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.956671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Ousaka
- Department of Pharmacology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nishibori
- Translational Research and Drug Development, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
- *Correspondence: Masahiro Nishibori,
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