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Nimphy CA, Elzinga BM, Van der Does W, Van Bockstaele B, Pérez-Edgar K, Westenberg M, Aktar E. "Nobody Here Likes Her"-The Impact of Parental Verbal Threat Information on Children's Fear of Strangers. Dev Psychobiol 2024; 66:e22526. [PMID: 38979744 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Parental verbal threat (vs. safety) information about strangers may induce fears of these strangers in adolescents. In this multi-method experimental study, utilizing a within-subject design, parents provided standardized verbal threat or safety information to their offspring (N = 77, Mage = 11.62 years, 42 girls) regarding two strangers in the lab. We also explored whether the impact of parental verbal threat information differs depending on the social anxiety levels of parents or fearful temperaments of adolescents. Adolescent's fear of strangers during social interaction tasks was assessed using cognitive (fear beliefs, attention bias), behavioral (observed avoidance and anxiety), and physiological (heart rate) indices. We also explored whether the impact of parental verbal threat information differs depending on the social anxiety levels of parents or fearful temperaments of adolescents. The findings suggest that a single exposure to parental verbal threat (vs. safety) information increased adolescent's self-reported fears about the strangers but did not increase their fearful behaviors, heart rate, or attentional bias. Furthermore, adolescents of parents with higher social anxiety levels or adolescents with fearful temperaments were not more strongly impacted by parental verbal threat information. Longitudinal research and studies investigating parents' naturalistic verbal expressions of threat are needed to expand our understanding of this potential verbal fear-learning pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosima A Nimphy
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bernet M Elzinga
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Willem Van der Does
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden University Treatment Center (LUBEC), Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bram Van Bockstaele
- Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Centre for the Advancement of Research on Emotion, School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Koraly Pérez-Edgar
- Department of Psychology, Child Study Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michiel Westenberg
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Evin Aktar
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
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2
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Davis MM, Modi HH, Skymba HV, Haigler K, Finnegan MK, Telzer EH, Rudolph KD. Neural Sensitivity to Peer Feedback and Depressive Symptoms: Moderation by Executive Function. Dev Psychobiol 2024; 66:e22515. [PMID: 38923470 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Theories of adolescent development suggest that elevated neural sensitivity to social evaluation confers tradeoffs for adolescents' wellbeing, promoting adaptation to changing social contexts but increasing risk for emotional distress and depression. This study investigated whether the association between neural processing of peer feedback and depressive symptoms depends on teacher-reported executive function (EF) ability in adolescent girls. Girls showed activation to negative and positive peer feedback in regions implicated in social-emotional processing that interacted with EF to predict depressive symptoms. Specifically, activation predicted more depression in youth with poorer EF but less depression in youth with better EF, suggesting that the impact of increased social sensitivity may depend on youths' ability to regulate this sensitivity in adaptive ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan M Davis
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Haina H Modi
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Haley V Skymba
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Katherine Haigler
- Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Texas, USA
| | - Megan K Finnegan
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Eva H Telzer
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Karen D Rudolph
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
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3
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Rosenblum S, Sharfi K, Elimelech OC, Regev S, Grinblat N. Predicting emotional consequences of disorganization among adults with neurodevelopmental disorders: a structural equation model. Disabil Rehabil 2024:1-11. [PMID: 39119890 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2024.2385733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Previous studies exhibited differences in sensory processing, motor coordination, metacognitive executive functions (EF-MI), and sleep quality among adults with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD). This study aims to find relationships between those abilities and organization-in-time, focusing on emotional responses after decreased organization abilities. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a secondary data analysis of a larger sample from three previous studies conducted in one laboratory. Data were collected from 290 adults; 149 with NDD and 141 sex- and age- (20-50 years) matched controls completed the Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile, Adult Developmental Coordination Disorder, Adults Behavioral Rating Inventory of Executive Functions, Mini Sleep, and Time Organization and Participation questionnaires. Structural equation model (SEM) analysed relationships and variable prediction. RESULTS Significant between-group differences were found for all variables; SEM indicated similar paths in both groups. Sensory processing affected EF-MI and sleep quality and significantly correlated with motor coordination, affecting EF-MI; EF-MI affected organization-in-time. Sleep quality significantly affected organization-in-time, affecting emotional responses. CONCLUSIONS Sensory, motor, EF, and sleep differences were associated with decreased organization-in-time abilities of adults with NDD, adversely affecting their emotional well-being. Early detection of such differences and targeted interventions may improve daily functioning and life quality and prevent negative emotional implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Rosenblum
- The Laboratory of Complex Human Activity and Participation (CHAP), Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Kineret Sharfi
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Ortal Cohen Elimelech
- The Laboratory of Complex Human Activity and Participation (CHAP), Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Sivan Regev
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Israel Implementation Science and Policy Engagement Centre (IS-PEC), Guilford Glazer Faculty of Business and Management, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Nufar Grinblat
- The Laboratory of Complex Human Activity and Participation (CHAP), Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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Mäkinen V, Jasinskaja-Lahti I, Renvik TA, Liebkind K. Testing the Moderating Effect of Anti-Prejudice Motivation and Peer Attitudes on the Effectiveness of a School-Based Vicarious Contact Intervention. J Youth Adolesc 2024; 53:1743-1756. [PMID: 38637463 PMCID: PMC11226504 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-024-01985-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Vicarious contact has often been used for studying prejudice-reduction in school contexts due to its relatively accessible application through written or audiovisual portrayals of positive intergroup contact. However, these interventions may sometimes prove ineffective, thus restricting their ecological validity and independent use in education. To contribute to the understanding of factors that might facilitate or mitigate the efficacy of vicarious contact in reducing ethnic prejudice among adolescents, the present study tested for the moderating effect of anti-prejudice motivation and friends' outgroup attitudes. Participants were Finnish secondary school students (N = 334; M = 13.38 years, SD = 0.53; 48% female; 19% ethnic minority) allocated into cluster-randomized intervention (N = 149) and control (N = 185) groups. Participants in the intervention group took part in 4 × 45-min teacher-led intervention sessions. A pretest-posttest design was employed to assess the outgroup attitudes three weeks before the intervention and the follow-up two weeks after. The results showed that adolescents' intrinsic, but not extrinsic, anti-prejudice motivation and the pre-intervention attitudes of their reciprocal classroom friends positively predicted post-intervention attitudes towards people from different ethnic and cultural groups. However, only extrinsic motivation moderated the intervention effect as the results indicated the intervention to have a detrimental effect on outgroup attitudes among adolescents with less motivation to be non-prejudiced in order to gain social acceptance. This attitudinal backlash among adolescents less susceptible to the social influence of others implies that motivational aspects should not be overlooked when developing school-based intervention programs, especially when social norms are used as a mechanism of attitude change.
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5
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Fombouchet Y, Lannegrand L, Lucenet J. Relationships between emotion regulation strategies and executive functions in adolescence: Exploring the effects of discrete emotions and age. J Adolesc 2024; 96:1239-1248. [PMID: 38693714 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Emotion regulation (ER) develops during adolescence and contributes to psychosocial adjustment. Individual differences in the development of ER strategies may be related to cognitive processes responsible for managing goal-directed behaviors, namely executive functions (EFs). This study examined (1) examined how difficulties in specific EFs (i.e., inhibition, flexibility and working memory) predict the use of ER strategies (i.e., reappraisal, distraction, expressive suppression, rumination, support-seeking) in an emotion-specific approach and (2) investigated these links across three different age groups (corresponding to early, middle and late adolescence), considering the nonlinear evolution of the relationships between EF and ER strategies during adolescence. METHODS The sample was composed of 1076 adolescents aged from 12 to 19 years old who completed questionnaires on EF difficulties (i.e., inhibition, flexibility, and working memory) and ER strategies (i.e., distraction, reappraisal, expressive suppression, social support-seeking, and rumination). RESULTS Results showed various complex relationships between EFs and ER. Flexibility issues were related to rumination at all ages, while inhibition and flexibility difficulties were negatively linked to reappraisal in mid- to late adolescence. Many relationships were emotion- and age-dependent. CONCLUSIONS These findings support the link between cognitive and emotional regulatory processes. Its complex evolution during adolescence opens a new avenue for future research.
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van Drunen L, Dobbelaar S, Crone EA, Wierenga LM. Genetic and environmental influences on structural brain development from childhood to adolescence: A longitudinal twin study on cortical thickness, surface area, and subcortical volume. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2024; 68:101407. [PMID: 38870602 PMCID: PMC11225697 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The human brain undergoes structural development from childhood to adolescence, with specific regions in the sensorimotor, social, and affective networks continuing to grow into adulthood. While genetic and environmental factors contribute to individual differences in these brain trajectories, the extent remains understudied. Our longitudinal study, utilizing up to three biennial MRI scans (n=485), aimed to assess the genetic and environmental effects on brain structure (age 7) and development (ages 7-14) in these regions. Heritability estimates varied across brain regions, with all regions showing genetic influence (ranging from 18 % to 59 %) with additional shared environmental factors affecting the primary motor cortex (30 %), somatosensory cortex (35 %), DLPFC (5 %), TPJ (17 %), STS (17 %), precuneus (10 %), hippocampus (22 %), amygdala (5 %), and nucleus accumbens (10 %). Surface area was more genetically driven (38 %) than cortical thickness (14 %). Longitudinal brain changes were primarily driven by genetics (ranging from 1 % to 29 %), though shared environment factors (additionally) influenced the somatosensory cortex (11 %), DLPFC (7 %), cerebellum (28 %), TPJ (16 %), STS (20 %), and hippocampus (17 %). These findings highlight the importance of further investigating brain-behavior associations and the influence of enriched and deprived environments from childhood to adolescence. Ultimately, our study can provide insights for interventions aimed at supporting children's development.
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Affiliation(s)
- L van Drunen
- Leiden Consortium of Individual Development (L-CID), the Netherlands; Erasmus University Rotterdam, Social and Behavioral Sciences, the Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), the Netherlands; Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, the Netherlands.
| | - S Dobbelaar
- Leiden Consortium of Individual Development (L-CID), the Netherlands; Erasmus University Rotterdam, Social and Behavioral Sciences, the Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), the Netherlands; Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, the Netherlands
| | - E A Crone
- Leiden Consortium of Individual Development (L-CID), the Netherlands; Erasmus University Rotterdam, Social and Behavioral Sciences, the Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), the Netherlands
| | - L M Wierenga
- Leiden Consortium of Individual Development (L-CID), the Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), the Netherlands; Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, the Netherlands
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7
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Matthews M, Mulley J, Williams K, Mutch S. Injured adolescent athlete: optimising health and performance through collaborative rehabilitation. Br J Sports Med 2024; 58:893-894. [PMID: 39029950 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2024-108815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jake Mulley
- Jake Mulley Physiotherapy Limited, London, UK
- Complete Physio, London, UK
| | - Katy Williams
- Department of Sports Development and Recreation, University of Bath, Bath, UK
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Deck SL, Quas JA, Powell MB. Unique Considerations for Forensic Interviews With Adolescents: An Exploration of Expert Interviewers' Perspectives. CHILD MALTREATMENT 2024:10775595241270046. [PMID: 39073088 DOI: 10.1177/10775595241270046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Although adolescents are at elevated risk of sexual victimisation, very limited research has focused on how best to interview suspected adolescent victims. The current study was conducted to lay the groundwork for the development of best-practice interviewing approaches with adolescents when sexual victimisation is suspected. Expert interviewers with experience and knowledge in interviewing suspected adolescent victims were asked about common challenges they encounter with adolescent interviewees and how they tailor their interviews for this population. The findings indicated that adolescents are often reluctant to disclose, and the strategies the interviewers use to meet the unique needs of adolescents hinge on respecting each adolescent as a relatively autonomous and independent person. Identifying which strategies expert interviewers use is a fruitful starting point for future experimental research that can test and ultimately develop evidence-based practices for this population, which is necessary to help interviewers interact with suspected adolescent victims in ways that align with their psychosocial and cognitive maturity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Deck
- Centre for Investigative Interviewing, Griffith Criminology Institute, Griffith University, Mount Gravatt, QLD, Australia
| | - Jodi A Quas
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Martine B Powell
- Centre for Investigative Interviewing, Griffith Criminology Institute, Griffith University, Mount Gravatt, QLD, Australia
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9
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Do KT, Paolizzi SG, Hallquist MN. How adolescents learn to build social bonds: A developmental computational account of social explore-exploit decision-making. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2024; 69:101415. [PMID: 39089173 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Building social bonds is a critical task of adolescence that affords opportunities for learning, identity formation, and social support. Failing to develop close relationships in adolescence hinders adult interpersonal functioning and contributes to problems such as loneliness and depression. During adolescence, increased reward sensitivity and greater social flexibility both contribute to healthy social development, yet we lack a clear theory of how these processes interact to support social functioning. Here, we propose synthesizing these two literatures using a computational reinforcement learning framework that recasts how adolescents pursue and learn from social rewards as a social explore-exploit problem. To become socially skilled, adolescents must balance both their efforts to form individual bonds within specific groups and manage memberships across multiple groups to maximize access to social resources. We draw on insights from sociological studies on social capital in collective networks and neurocognitive research on foraging and cooperation to describe the social explore-exploit dilemma faced by adolescents navigating a modern world with increasing access to diverse resources and group memberships. Our account provides important new directions for examining the dynamics of adolescent behavior in social groups and understanding how social value computations can support positive relationships into adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy T Do
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, 235 E. Cameron Avenue, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3270, United States.
| | - Sophie G Paolizzi
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, 235 E. Cameron Avenue, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3270, United States
| | - Michael N Hallquist
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, 235 E. Cameron Avenue, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3270, United States
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10
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Wang Y, Li Y, Liu B, Zhao X, Geng X, Zhu W, Ding X. Adolescent Internet Gaming Disorder and sensitivity to money and social rewards. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2024; 248:104431. [PMID: 39059243 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) is a behavioural addiction characterised by excessive exposure to addictive stimuli, resulting in reduced sensitivity of the brain's reward system towards everyday rewards. Online game addiction is prevalent among adolescents; however, it remains unclear if there are variations in reward processing patterns among adolescents with online game addiction. We compared differences in sensitivity to two types of rewards between patients with IGD and patients with Recreational Game Use (RGU) using the Monetary Incentive Delay (MID) paradigm and the Social Incentive Delay (SID) paradigm (Experiment 1). Additionally, we used a mixed reward latency paradigm, including both monetary and social rewards, to further explore the processing characteristics of IGD towards a mixture of these two rewards (Experiment 2). There were significant differences in the sensitivity of IGD and RGU to monetary and social rewards. Adolescents with IGD had significantly shorter reaction times to the four mixed rewards compared to RGU, while no significant differences were found between groups regarding sensitivity to specific individual rewards. However, the simultaneous presence of two rewards affected the processing speed and preference of adolescents with IGD. The reward processing characteristics observed in adolescents with online gaming disorder show specificity concerning the type and presentation of rewards, providing a theoretical foundation for diagnosing and treating adolescent online gaming addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuetan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral and Mental Health of Gansu Province, School of Psychology, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yiyao Li
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral and Mental Health of Gansu Province, School of Psychology, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Beichen Liu
- Shaanxi Prov Key Lab Behav & Cognit Neurosci, Shaanxi Normal University, China
| | - Xuan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral and Mental Health of Gansu Province, School of Psychology, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xicong Geng
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral and Mental Health of Gansu Province, School of Psychology, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wenjing Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral and Mental Health of Gansu Province, School of Psychology, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaobin Ding
- Key Laboratory of Behavioral and Mental Health of Gansu Province, School of Psychology, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China.
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11
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Cheng TW, Mills KL, Pfeifer JH. Revisiting adolescence as a sensitive period for sociocultural processing. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 164:105820. [PMID: 39032845 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
CHENG, T.W., K.L. Mills and J.H. Pfeifer. Revisiting adolescence as a sensitive period for sociocultural processing. NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV REV XX(X) XXX-XXX, 2024. Waves of research and public discourse have characterized adolescence as periods of developmental risk and opportunity. Underlying this discussion is the recognition that adolescence is a period of major biological and social transition when experience may have an outsized effect on development. This article updates and expands upon prior work suggesting that adolescence may be a sensitive period for sociocultural processing specifically. By integrating evidence from developmental psychology and neuroscience, we identify how trajectories of social and neurobiological development may relate to adolescents' ability to adapt to and learn from their social environments. However, we also highlight gaps in the literature, including challenges in attributing developmental change to adolescent experiences. We discuss the importance of better understanding variability in biology (e.g., pubertal development) and cultural environments, as well as distinguishing between sensitive periods and periods of heightened sensitivity. Finally, we look toward future directions and translational implications of this research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa W Cheng
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, 1227 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1227, USA; Department of Psychology, Harvard University, 33 Kirkland St., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Kathryn L Mills
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, 1227 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1227, USA.
| | - Jennifer H Pfeifer
- Department of Psychology, University of Oregon, 1227 University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403-1227, USA.
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12
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Bauer PJ, Dugan JA, Cronin-Golomb LM, Lee KA, Del Solar B, Hanft M, Miller AG. Development of self-derivation through memory integration and relations with world knowledge. Memory 2024:1-15. [PMID: 38968421 DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2024.2373898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Accumulating world knowledge is a major task of development and education. The productive process of self-derivation through memory integration seemingly is a valid model of the process. To test the model, we examined relations between generation and retention of new factual knowledge via self-derivation through integration and world knowledge as measured by standardised assessments. We also tested whether the productive process of self-derivation predicted world knowledge even when a measure of learning through direct instruction also was considered. Participants were 162 children ages 8-12 years (53% female; 15% Black, 6% Asian, 1% Arab, 66% White, 5% mixed race, 7% unreported; 1% Latinx). Age accounted for a maximum of 4% of variance in self-derivation and retention. In contrast, substantial individual variability related to general knowledge and content knowledge in several domains, explaining 20-40% variance. In each domain for which self-derivation performance was a unique predictor, it explained a nominally greater share of the variance than the measure of learning through direct instruction. The findings imply that individual variability in self-derivation has functional consequences for accumulation of semantic knowledge across the elementary-school years.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessica A Dugan
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Katherine A Lee
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Melanie Hanft
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Alissa G Miller
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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13
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Butler S. Young people on social media in a globalized world: self-optimization in highly competitive and achievement-oriented forms of life. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1340605. [PMID: 39035080 PMCID: PMC11258645 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1340605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Research investigating young people's social media use has been criticized for its limited theoretical foundations and scope. This paper elaborates young people's social media activity from a socio-ecological evolutionary perspective (SEE), where young people's online exchanges cannot be divorced from the highly competitive and achievement-oriented modern market cultures in which they live. In highly competitive and achievement-oriented forms of life, young people's social media environments are often constituted as dynamic and evolving extrinsically oriented ecological niches that afford for status and identity enhancement while also affording for peer approval, belongingness, and self-worth nested within, and subordinate to, these higher-order affordances. The extrinsic value organization of social media platforms that serve young people's status and identity-enhancement are embodied by a community of mutually interdependent criteria that are evolutionary-based, developmentally salient, and market-driven: physical attractiveness, high (educational and extracurricular) achievements, and material success. Young people's online signaling of these interdependent extrinsic criteria affords for status-allocation and self-enhancement, where each criteria becomes an arena for social competition and identity formation, enabling young people to build personal and optimal models of social success congruent with their own interests and abilities. Young people's status and identity enhancing signaling of these extrinsic criteria is moving toward increasingly idealized or perfect embodiments, informed by accelerating, short-term positive feedback processes that benefit from the technological affordances and densely rewarding peer environments instantiated on social media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Butler
- Department of Psychology, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE, Canada
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14
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Wais M, Bégin M, Sharp C, Ensink K. Trauma-related symptoms in adolescents: the differential roles of sexual abuse and mentalizing. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1364001. [PMID: 39021654 PMCID: PMC11252049 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1364001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Major gaps remain in our knowledge regarding childhood sexual abuse (CSA) related symptoms in adolescent psychiatric inpatients, as well as potential resilience factors like mentalizing. CSA is a risk factor for the early emergence of borderline personality features, posttraumatic stress, and sexual concerns. Mentalizing, which involves the capacity to understand our reactions and that of others in psychological terms, is a resilience factor for self and interpersonal functioning. The aim of this study was to address knowledge gaps by examining the contributions of CSA and mentalizing in a latent factor composed of borderline personality features, posttraumatic stress, and sexual concerns in a sample of adolescent psychiatric inpatients. We hypothesized that CSA and mentalizing would independently explain the variance in this latent factor. Method Participants were 273 adolescents aged 12-17 recruited from an adolescent inpatient psychiatric clinic. They completed the Reflective Function Questionnaire for Youth (RFQ-Y), the Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children (TSCC), and the Borderline Personality Features Scale for Children (BPFS-C). CSA was assessed using the Child Attachment Interview (CAI), the Computerized Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children (C-DISC), as well as the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Results 27.5% of adolescent psychiatric inpatients reported CSA. CSA and mentalizing were independently associated with a latent factor consisting of posttraumatic stress, borderline personality features, and sexual concerns. CSA explained 5.0% and RF explained 16.7% of the variance of the latent factor. When we consider both the unique and the shared contribution of CSA and mentalizing, the model explained 23.0% of the variance of this factor. Discussion CSA and mentalizing independently explained variance in a latent factor constituted of borderline personality features, posttraumatic stress, and sexual concerns. The direct effect of mentalizing was stronger and mentalizing explained comparatively more variance of trauma-related symptoms in adolescent psychiatric inpatients. The findings are consistent with the theory that mentalizing is an internal resilience factor in adolescent psychiatric inpatients. By implication, clinical interventions focused on promoting the development of mentalizing, such as Mentalization Based Treatment, may palliate mental health difficulties manifested by adolescent psychiatric inpatients including those associated with CSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marissa Wais
- École de Psychologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Michaël Bégin
- Département de Psychologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Carla Sharp
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Karin Ensink
- École de Psychologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
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15
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Pettersen JH, Hannigan LJ, Gustavson K, Lund IO, Pearson RM, Jensen P, Nesvåg R, Brandlistuen RE, Ask H. COVID-19 Pandemic Quarantines and Mental Health Among Adolescents in Norway. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e2422189. [PMID: 38995642 PMCID: PMC11245726 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.22189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance Adolescence is a critical developmental phase when mental health disorders, such as anxiety and depression, often emerge. Stringent public health measures and quarantine mandates during the COVID-19 pandemic could threaten adolescent mental health. Objective To investigate the associations of public health measures and quarantine experiences with mental distress among Norwegian adolescents and to explore if certain vulnerability factors moderate these associations. Design, Setting, and Participants This longitudinal cohort study used repeated measures to capture variations in mental distress explained by the stringency of public health measures and quarantine experiences. Data from the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child cohort study were linked to national health registries and a national stringency index from April 1, 2020, to February 17, 2021. Participant included 7787 Norwegian adolescents aged 16 to 18 years. Data were analyzed from October 2022 to October 2023. Exposures Stringency index of public health measures and quarantine experiences including recent quarantine (within the last 2 weeks) and quarantine frequency (cumulative number of quarantine episodes). Main Outcome and Measures Mental distress was measured using the Hopkins Symptom Checklist across 6 data collection waves. Results In this study, 7787 participants were included in the analysis (4473 female [57%]; mean [SD] age, 17.0 [0.6] years). Stringent public health measures (β = 0.18; SE, 0.02; P < .001), recent quarantine (β = 0.11; SE, 0.02; P < .001), and frequent quarantine (β = 0.08; SE, 0.01; P < .001) were associated with higher levels of mental distress. The associations between public health measures and mental distress were not moderated by sex, age, prepandemic anxiety or depression, or genetic liability for mental health conditions. Frequency of quarantine appeared to be more strongly associated with mental distress among younger adolescents (β = -0.04; SE, 0.01; P = .008), those with parents with lower education (β = -0.04; SE, 0.01; P = .007), and those with lower genetic risk for depression (β = -0.03; SE, 0.01; P = .006). Conclusions and Relevance In this study, younger adolescents, those with parents with lower education, or those with low genetic liability for depression appeared more vulnerable when being quarantined several times. These findings emphasize the need for targeted support strategies to better protect adolescent well-being during future crises. Adolescents who experienced increased mental distress during the COVID-19 pandemic may be at risk of continued mental health problems and in need of ongoing support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanne H Pettersen
- PsychGen Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Child Health and Development, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Laurie J Hannigan
- PsychGen Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Child Health and Development, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Nic Waals Institute, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Kristin Gustavson
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Children and Families, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingunn O Lund
- PsychGen Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Child Health and Development, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rebecca M Pearson
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychology, Manchester Metropolitan University, Bristol, Untied Kingdom
| | - Pia Jensen
- PsychGen Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Child Health and Development, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ragnar Nesvåg
- Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ragnhild E Brandlistuen
- Department of Child Health and Development, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- The Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study (MoBa), Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Helga Ask
- PsychGen Center for Genetic Epidemiology and Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Child Health and Development, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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16
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Fogel Y. Inside the Functional Individualized Therapy for Teenagers with Executive Deficits (FITTED): Insights from the Adolescents and Their Parents. Occup Ther Health Care 2024; 38:698-712. [PMID: 36571276 DOI: 10.1080/07380577.2022.2159100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This study explores Functional Individualized Therapy for Teenagers with Executive Deficits (FITTED) factors facilitating adolescents' improvement. At each of eight therapy sessions, 41 adolescents with executive function deficits and their parents wrote the primary concept they "took away." Experts categorized their answers by the FITTED model's main factors-goals, strengths, and strategies-adding child's difficulties for the parents' answers. Results describe answer frequencies by factor in each session. Across time, strengths and strategies dominated among adolescents, and strategies and difficulties among parents. Cognitive strategies are integral to the FITTED process for improving the daily functioning of adolescents with executive function deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yael Fogel
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
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17
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Morningstar M, Hughes C, French RC, Grannis C, Mattson WI, Nelson EE. Functional connectivity during facial and vocal emotion recognition: Preliminary evidence for dissociations in developmental change by nonverbal modality. Neuropsychologia 2024; 202:108946. [PMID: 38945440 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.108946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
The developmental trajectory of emotion recognition (ER) skills is thought to vary by nonverbal modality, with vocal ER becoming mature later than facial ER. To investigate potential neural mechanisms contributing to this dissociation at a behavioural level, the current study examined whether youth's neural functional connectivity during vocal and facial ER tasks showed differential developmental change across time. Youth ages 8-19 (n = 41) completed facial and vocal ER tasks while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging, at two timepoints (1 year apart; n = 36 for behavioural data, n = 28 for neural data). Partial least squares analyses revealed that functional connectivity during ER is both distinguishable by modality (with different patterns of connectivity for facial vs. vocal ER) and across time-with changes in connectivity being particularly pronounced for vocal ER. ER accuracy was greater for faces than voices, and positively associated with age; although task performance did not change appreciably across a 1-year period, changes in latent functional connectivity patterns across time predicted participants' ER accuracy at Time 2. Taken together, these results suggest that vocal and facial ER are supported by distinguishable neural correlates that may undergo different developmental trajectories. Our findings are also preliminary evidence that changes in network integration may support the development of ER skills in childhood and adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Morningstar
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Canada; Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Canada.
| | - C Hughes
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Canada
| | - R C French
- Center for Biobehavioral Health, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, USA
| | - C Grannis
- Center for Biobehavioral Health, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - W I Mattson
- Center for Biobehavioral Health, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - E E Nelson
- Center for Biobehavioral Health, Abigail Wexner Research Institute, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Ohio State University Wexner College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
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18
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Yang XF, Hilliard K, Gotlieb R, Immordino-Yang MH. Transcendent thinking counteracts longitudinal effects of mid-adolescent exposure to community violence in the anterior cingulate cortex. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2024. [PMID: 38923619 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Adolescence involves extensive brain maturation, characterized by social sensitivity and emotional lability, that co-occurs with increased independence. Mid-adolescence is also a hallmark developmental stage when youths become motivated to reflect on the broader personal, ethical, and systems-level implications of happenings, a process we term transcendent thinking. Here, we examine the confluence of these developmental processes to ask, from a transdisciplinary perspective, how might community violence exposure (CVE) impact brain development during mid-adolescence, and how might youths' dispositions for transcendent thinking be protective? Fifty-five low-SES urban youth with no history of delinquency (32 female; 27 Latinx, 28 East Asian) reported their CVE and underwent structural MRI first at age 14-18, and again 2 years later. At the study's start, participants also discussed their feelings about 40 minidocumentaries featuring other teens' compelling situations in a 2-h private interview that was transcribed and coded for transcendent thinking. Controlling for CVE and brain structure at the start: (1) New CVE during the 2-year inter-scan interval was associated with greater gray matter volume (GMV) reduction over that interval in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), a central network hub whose reduced volume has been associated with posttraumatic stress disorder, and across multiple additional cortical and subcortical regions; (2) participants' transcendent thinking in the interview independently predicted greater GMV increase during the 2-year inter-scan interval in the ACC. Findings highlight the continued vulnerability of mid-adolescents to community violence and the importance of supporting teens' dispositions to reflect on the complex personal and systems-level implications and affordances of their civic landscape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Fei Yang
- Center for Affective Neuroscience, Development, Learning and Education, Brain and Creativity Institute, Rossier School of Education, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Katrina Hilliard
- Center for Affective Neuroscience, Development, Learning and Education, Brain and Creativity Institute, Rossier School of Education, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Rebecca Gotlieb
- Center for Dyslexia, Diverse Learners, and Social Justice, School of Education and Information Studies, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mary Helen Immordino-Yang
- Center for Affective Neuroscience, Development, Learning and Education, Brain and Creativity Institute, Rossier School of Education, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Psychology Department, Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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19
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Lee Y, Yuan JP, Winkler AM, Kircanski K, Pine DS, Gotlib IH. Task-Rest Reconfiguration Efficiency of the Reward Network Across Adolescence and Its Association With Early Life Stress and Depressive Symptoms. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024:S0890-8567(24)00313-7. [PMID: 38878818 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2024.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adolescents face significant changes in many domains of their daily lives that require them to flexibly adapt to changing environmental demands. To shift efficiently among various goals, adolescents must reconfigure their brains, disengaging from previous tasks and engaging in new activities. METHOD To examine this reconfiguration, we obtained resting-state and task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans in a community sample of 164 youths. We assessed the similarity of functional connectivity (FC) of the reward network between resting state and a reward-processing state, indexing the degree of reward network reconfiguration required to meet task demands. Given research documenting relations among reward network function, early life stress (ELS), and adolescent depression, we examined the association of reconfiguration efficiency with age across adolescence, the moderating effect of ELS on this association, and the relation between reconfiguration efficiency and depressive symptoms. RESULTS We found that older adolescents showed greater reconfiguration efficiency than younger adolescents and, furthermore, that this age-related association was moderated by the experience of ELS. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that reconfiguration efficiency of the reward network increases over adolescence, a developmental pattern that is attenuated in adolescents exposed to severe ELS. In addition, even after controlling for the effects of age and exposure to ELS, adolescents with higher levels of depressive symptoms exhibited greater reconfiguration efficiency, suggesting that they have brain states at rest that are more strongly optimized for reward processing than do asymptomatic youth. DIVERSITY & INCLUSION STATEMENT We worked to ensure race, ethnic, and/or other types of diversity in the recruitment of human participants. We worked to ensure sex and gender balance in the recruitment of human participants. We worked to ensure that the study questionnaires were prepared in an inclusive way. One or more of the authors of this paper self-identifies as a member of one or more historically underrepresented racial and/or ethnic groups in science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonji Lee
- Stanford University, Stanford, California.
| | | | | | | | - Daniel S Pine
- National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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20
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Wang H, Hou Y, Chen J, Yang X, Wang Y. The Association between Discrepancies in Parental Emotional Expressivity, Adolescent Loneliness and Depression: A Multi-Informant Study Using Response Surface Analysis. J Youth Adolesc 2024:10.1007/s10964-024-02033-3. [PMID: 38864953 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-024-02033-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Incongruent perceptions of parental emotional expressivity between parents and adolescents may signify relational challenges, potentially impacting adolescents' socioemotional adjustment. Direct evidence is still lacking and father-adolescent discrepancies are overlooked. This study employed a multi-informant design to investigate whether both mother-adolescent and father-adolescent discrepancies in perceptions of parental expressivity are related to adolescents' mental well-being, specifically focusing on loneliness and depression. Analyzing data from 681 families (mean age of adolescents = 15.5 years old, 51.2% girls, 40% only-children) in China revealed that adolescents tended to perceive paternal and maternal emotional expressivity more negatively than their parents, particularly fathers. Polynomial regression and response surface analysis showed significant links between parent-adolescent congruence and incongruence and adolescent loneliness. (In)Congruence between adolescents and mothers or fathers predicted later adolescent depression, mediated by adolescent loneliness and varied by the dimension of emotional expressivity. These findings provide insights into the roles of mothers' and fathers' emotional expressivity in shaping children's mental well-being during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqi Wang
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Clinical Psychology, The Third People's Hospital of Maoming, Maoming, China
| | - Yiran Hou
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Xueling Yang
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- Department of Psychiatry, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - You Wang
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- Department of Psychiatry, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Psychiatric Disorders, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine for Qingzhi Diseases, Guangzhou, China.
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21
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Wang YL, Chen YJ, Liu CC. The relationship between social media usage and loneliness among younger and older adults: the moderating effect of shyness. BMC Psychol 2024; 12:343. [PMID: 38863021 PMCID: PMC11167928 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-024-01727-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Does social media alleviate or exacerbate loneliness? Past research has shown mixed results regarding the relationship between social media usage and loneliness among younger and older adults. Unlike younger individuals, older adults may decrease their loneliness through social media interactions. Additionally, previous research has indicated that the link between social media use and loneliness can vary depending on one's shy tendency. Therefore, this study aims to explore the relationship between individuals' social media use and loneliness while considering age and shyness tendency as moderating variables. The study employed a questionnaire survey conducted through convenience sampling, resulting in 234 valid responses from participants in Northern Taiwan. Among them, 113 were college students (aged 18 to 25, average age 19.40), and 121 were older adults (aged 50 to 82, average age 60.81). Using hierarchical regression analysis, results indicated that (1) age moderates the relationship between personal social media use and loneliness. Minimal differences were observed among younger individuals, but among older adults, increased social media usage time was associated with a significant reduction in loneliness. (2) Shyness tendency moderate the relationship between personal social media use and loneliness. Individuals with higher shyness tendency experience an increase in loneliness as their social media usage time lengthens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ling Wang
- Department of Adult and Continuing Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Jia Chen
- Department of Adult and Continuing Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chi Liu
- Department of Adult and Continuing Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
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22
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Sal-Sarria S, López-Taboada I, González-Pardo H, Conejo NM. A shift to a standard diet after exposure to a high-fat, high-sucrose diet from gestation to weaning restores brain metabolism and behavioral flexibility in adult rats. Behav Brain Res 2024; 467:115020. [PMID: 38679144 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Prolonged consumption of diets high in saturated fat and sugar has been related to obesity and overweight, which in turn are linked to cognitive impairment in both humans and rodents. This has become a current issue, especially in children and adolescents, because these stages are crucial to neurodevelopmental processes and programming of adult behavior. To evaluate the effects of gestational and early exposure to an obesogenic diet, three groups with different dietary patterns were established: high-fat and high-sucrose diet (HFS), standard diet (SD), and a dietary shift from a high-fat, high-sucrose diet to a standard diet after weaning (R). Spatial learning and behavioral flexibility in adult male and female Wistar rats were evaluated using the Morris water maze (MWM) at PND 60. Furthermore, regional brain oxidative metabolism was assessed in the prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus. Contrary to our hypothesis, the HFS diet groups showed similar performance on the spatial learning task as the other groups, although they showed impaired cognitive flexibility. The HFS group had increased brain metabolic capacity compared to that of animals fed the standard diet. Shifting from the HFS diet to the SD diet after weaning restored the brain metabolic capacity in both sexes to levels similar to those observed in animals fed the SD diet. In addition, animals in the R group performed similarly to those fed the SD diet in the Morris water maze in both tasks. However, dietary shift from HFS diet to standard diet after weaning had only moderate sex-dependent effects on body weight and fat distribution. In conclusion, switching from an HFS diet to a balanced diet after weaning would have beneficial effects on behavioral flexibility and brain metabolism, without significant sex differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saúl Sal-Sarria
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Institute of Neurosciences of the Principality of Asturias (INEUROPA), Oviedo, Spain; Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Isabel López-Taboada
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Institute of Neurosciences of the Principality of Asturias (INEUROPA), Oviedo, Spain; Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Héctor González-Pardo
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Institute of Neurosciences of the Principality of Asturias (INEUROPA), Oviedo, Spain; Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Nélida M Conejo
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Institute of Neurosciences of the Principality of Asturias (INEUROPA), Oviedo, Spain; Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain.
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23
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Wever MCM, Will GJ, van Houtum LAEM, Janssen LHC, Wentholt WGM, Spruit IM, Tollenaar MS, Elzinga BM. Neural and affective responses to prolonged eye contact with parents in depressed and nondepressed adolescents. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2024; 24:567-581. [PMID: 38388938 PMCID: PMC11078816 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-024-01169-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Eye contact improves mood, facilitates connectedness, and is assumed to strengthen the parent-child bond. Adolescent depression is linked to difficulties in social interactions, the parent-child bond included. Our goal was to elucidate adolescents' affective and neural responses to prolonged eye contact with one's parent in nondepressed adolescents (HC) and how these responses are affected in depressed adolescents. While in the scanner, 59 nondepressed and 19 depressed adolescents were asked to make eye contact with their parent, an unfamiliar peer, an unfamiliar adult, and themselves by using videos of prolonged direct and averted gaze, as an approximation of eye contact. After each trial, adolescents reported on their mood and feelings of connectedness, and eye movements and BOLD-responses were assessed. In HCs, eye contact boosted mood and feelings of connectedness and increased activity in inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), temporal pole, and superior frontal gyrus. Unlike HCs, eye contact did not boost the mood of depressed adolescents. While HCs reported increased mood and feelings of connectedness to the sight of their parent versus others, depressed adolescents did not. Depressed adolescents exhibited blunted overall IFG activity. These findings show that adolescents are particularly sensitive to eye contact and respond strongly to the sight of their parents. This sensitivity seems to be blunted in depressed adolescents. For clinical purposes, it is important to gain a better understanding of how the responsivity to eye contact in general and with their parents in particular, can be restored in adolescents with depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam C M Wever
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Leiden University, 2300 RB, Leiden, the Netherlands.
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Geert-Jan Will
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Lisanne A E M van Houtum
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Leiden University, 2300 RB, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Loes H C Janssen
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Leiden University, 2300 RB, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Wilma G M Wentholt
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Leiden University, 2300 RB, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Iris M Spruit
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Leiden University, 2300 RB, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Marieke S Tollenaar
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Leiden University, 2300 RB, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Bernet M Elzinga
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Leiden University, 2300 RB, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, the Netherlands
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24
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Toenders YJ, Green KH, Te Brinke LW, van der Cruijsen R, van de Groep S, Crone EA. From developmental neuroscience to policy: A novel framework based on participatory research. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2024; 67:101398. [PMID: 38850964 PMCID: PMC11200278 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Insights from developmental neuroscience are not always translated to actionable policy decisions. In this review, we explore the potential of bridging the gap between developmental neuroscience and policy through youth participatory research approaches. As the current generation of adolescents lives in an increasingly complex and rapidly changing society, their lived experiences are crucial for both research and policy. Moreover, their active involvement holds significant promise, given their heightened creativity and need to contribute. We therefore advocate for a transdisciplinary framework that fosters collaboration between developmental scientists, adolescents, and policy makers in addressing complex societal challenges. We highlight the added value of adolescents' lived experiences in relation to two pressing societal issues affecting adolescents' mental health: performance pressure and social inequality. By integrating firsthand lived experiences with insights from developmental neuroscience, we provide a foundation for progress in informed policy decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yara J Toenders
- Department of Psychology, Education & Child Studies, Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Kayla H Green
- Developmental Neuroscience in Society, Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lysanne W Te Brinke
- Department of Psychology, Education & Child Studies, Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Suzanne van de Groep
- Department of Psychology, Education & Child Studies, Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eveline A Crone
- Developmental Neuroscience in Society, Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Crone EA, Bol T, Braams BR, de Rooij M, Franke B, Franken I, Gazzola V, Güroğlu B, Huizenga H, Hulshoff Pol H, Keijsers L, Keysers C, Krabbendam L, Jansen L, Popma A, Stulp G, van Atteveldt N, van Duijvenvoorde A, Veenstra R. Growing Up Together in Society (GUTS): A team science effort to predict societal trajectories in adolescence and young adulthood. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2024; 67:101403. [PMID: 38852381 PMCID: PMC11214182 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Our society faces a great diversity of opportunities for youth. The 10-year Growing Up Together in Society (GUTS) program has the long-term goal to understand which combination of measures best predict societal trajectories, such as school success, mental health, well-being, and developing a sense of belonging in society. Our leading hypothesis is that self-regulation is key to how adolescents successfully navigate the demands of contemporary society. We aim to test these questions using socio-economic, questionnaire (including experience sampling methods), behavioral, brain (fMRI, sMRI, EEG), hormonal, and genetic measures in four large cohorts including adolescents and young adults. Two cohorts are designed as test and replication cohorts to test the developmental trajectory of self-regulation, including adolescents of different socioeconomic status thereby bridging individual, family, and societal perspectives. The third cohort consists of an entire social network to examine how neural and self-regulatory development influences and is influenced by whom adolescents and young adults choose to interact with. The fourth cohort includes youth with early signs of antisocial and delinquent behavior to understand patterns of societal development in individuals at the extreme ends of self-regulation and societal participation, and examines pathways into and out of delinquency. We will complement the newly collected cohorts with data from existing large-scale population-based and case-control cohorts. The study is embedded in a transdisciplinary approach that engages stakeholders throughout the design stage, with a strong focus on citizen science and youth participation in study design, data collection, and interpretation of results, to ensure optimal translation to youth in society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eveline A Crone
- Erasmus School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Leiden University, Institute of Psychology, the Netherlands.
| | - Thijs Bol
- Department of Sociology, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Barbara R Braams
- Department of Clinical, Neuro, and Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mark de Rooij
- Leiden University, Institute of Psychology, the Netherlands
| | - Barbara Franke
- Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Departments of Cognitive Neuroscience and Human Genetics, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Ingmar Franken
- Erasmus School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Valeria Gazzola
- Social Brain Lab, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (KNAW) and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Berna Güroğlu
- Leiden University, Institute of Psychology, the Netherlands
| | - Hilde Huizenga
- Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Loes Keijsers
- Erasmus School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Christian Keysers
- Social Brain Lab, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (KNAW) and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lydia Krabbendam
- Department of Clinical, Neuro, and Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lucres Jansen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry & Psychosocial Care, AmsterdamUMC and Research Institute Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Arne Popma
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry & Psychosocial Care, AmsterdamUMC and Research Institute Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gert Stulp
- University of Groningen, Department of Sociology / Inter-University Center for Social Science Theory and Methodology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Nienke van Atteveldt
- Department of Clinical, Neuro, and Developmental Psychology, Faculty of Behavioral and Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - René Veenstra
- University of Groningen, Department of Sociology / Inter-University Center for Social Science Theory and Methodology, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Goering M, Espinoza CN, Mrug S. Interpersonal school violence and mother-child communication about violence in relation to empathy in early adolescence. J Adolesc 2024; 96:710-719. [PMID: 38196145 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Exposure to interpersonal violence at school has been linked with lower empathy, but less is known about factors that may moderate this relationship. Positive parent-child communication has been associated with higher empathy during adolescence and children of parents that communicate their disapproval of violent behavior respond more peacefully in situations involving violence. Mother-child communication about violence may therefore reduce the risk of desensitization to violent behavior and promote empathy in youth that are frequently exposed to violence. Thus, this study examines whether mother-child communication about violence mitigates the association between exposure to interpersonal school violence and adolescents' empathy. METHODS This study addressed this question using a diverse sample of early adolescents from the Southeastern United States in 2003 (N = 642; mean age 11.3 years; 52% male; 76% Black, 22% non-Hispanic White). Adolescents reported on how often they witness or experience interpersonal violence at school and how often they communicate with their mother about violence and how to avoid it. Adolescents also self-reported on their level of empathy. RESULTS Results from a hierarchical regression model showed that exposure to interpersonal school violence and lower mother-child communication about violence were uniquely associated with lower empathy, but communication about violence did not moderate the link between interpersonal school violence exposure and empathy. There were no sex differences in these relationships. CONCLUSIONS Contrary to the hypothesis, youth who experience and witness interpersonal violence at school show lower empathy independent of whether youth communicate with their mother about violence and responding to violent situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlon Goering
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Carlos N Espinoza
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Sylvie Mrug
- Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Milas G, Ćavar F, Ribar M. How much stressful life events really matter? Conceptual and methodological difficulties in assessing the impact of self-reported events on adolescents' subjective stress. Stress Health 2024; 40:e3335. [PMID: 37861340 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have pointed to the strong impact of stressful life events on subjective stress and indirectly on the adolescents' mental health. However, the results of many such studies contain bias caused by the choice of measurement method or an incomplete theoretical framework. To estimate the extent of possible bias when using self-reports, we conducted research on a representative sample of 2201 Croatian adolescents aged 14-18 years. Using manipulation we examined the influence of measurement method and the number of constructs included in the model on the variance of subjective stress explained by stressful events. Structural equation modelling indicated that different measurement methods, occurrence-based and severity-based, provide a marked discrepancy in the impact size estimation. The occurrence-based method provided estimates of a much smaller proportion of the explained variance (6%-25%) compared to the severity-based approach, which estimated the explained variance in the range of 25%-55% depending on the model. The complexity of the tested models additionally contributed to the variation in the estimates. It is recommended that when using self-reports to measure stressful life events, occurrence-based and severity-based methods are used simultaneously and that impact estimates are expressed within intervals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Milas
- Institute of Social Sciences "Ivo Pilar", Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Filipa Ćavar
- Institute of Social Sciences "Ivo Pilar", Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Ribar
- Institute of Social Sciences "Ivo Pilar", Zagreb, Croatia
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28
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Maheux AJ, Laurenceau JP, Roberts SR, Nesi J, Widman L, Choukas-Bradley S. Longitudinal Change in Appearance-Related Social Media Consciousness and Depressive Symptoms: A Within-Person Analysis during Early-to-Middle Adolescence. J Youth Adolesc 2024:10.1007/s10964-024-01998-5. [PMID: 38789876 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-024-01998-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Online appearance preoccupation may put adolescents at risk of developing mental health challenges, perhaps especially during early-to-middle adolescence. A random intercept cross-lagged panel model assessed within-person associations between appearance-related social media consciousness and depressive symptoms over three time-points with three months between waves. The sample (n = 1594) included U.S. adolescents aged 11-15 (Mage = 13; 47% girls, 46% boys, 7% another gender; 37% Latine, 33% White, 18% Black, 7% Asian). Within-person increases in appearance-related social media consciousness were associated with subsequent increases in depressive symptoms, but not vice versa. There was no evidence of gender differences and results were robust to controlling for both time on social media and offline self-objectification. Thus, online appearance concerns precede mental health challenges during early and middle adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne J Maheux
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | | | | | - Jacqueline Nesi
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Bradley Hasbro Research Center, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Laura Widman
- Department of Psychology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
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29
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Zhang T, Cheng P, Ma X, Yu X. Influence of circadian rhythm and sleep schedules on depressive symptoms among adolescents in China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38753525 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2024.2352076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Circadian rhythm (24-hour period of physiological and behavioral changes) is the basis of the overall health, including mood and health. This study aimed to explore the influence of circadian rhythm and sleep schedules on depressive symptoms in Chinese adolescents. In this cross-sectional study, 841 middle school students were recruited and divided into two groups (depressive group, DG, n = 210, and control group, n = 631) depending on the total score of The Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children (CES-DC). The circadian rhythm and sleep quality among adolescents were evaluated by using the Biological Rhythms Interview of Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (BRIAN) and Self-rating scale of Sleep (SRSS) scales. Furthermore, correlation analysis and logistic regression analysis were used to determine the effects of demographic factors, sleeping arrangement, sleep quality, and circadian rhythm on depressive symptoms. The DG group's CES-DC, BRIAN and SRSS scores were significantly higher than the control group's. Higher scores of BRIAN and SRSS were risk factors for depressive symptoms in Chinese adolescents. Attending a day school and waking up later on weekends may be weak protective factors. Our results suggest that circadian rhythm disturbance, sleep quality, and sleeping arrangement have a significant influence on depressive symptoms among adolescents in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- Department of General Psychiatry, The Affiliated Mental Health Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peipei Cheng
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiquan Ma
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaodan Yu
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- MOE-Shanghai Key Lab of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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30
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Çelik O. Academic motivation in adolescents: the role of parental autonomy support, psychological needs satisfaction and self-control. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1384695. [PMID: 38800688 PMCID: PMC11116802 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1384695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Various perspectives on the existence and degree of motivation, which is a crucial factor influencing human behavior, have been studied for many years. Especially in adolescence, a phase marked by rapid change, motivation plays a crucial role in supporting young people to achieve their goals, fulfill their responsibilities, and experience healthy development. Aims The present study aims to investigate the structural relationships among perceived parental autonomy support, satisfaction of psychological needs, self-control, and academic motivation. Sample The study was conducted with a total of 427 high school students, including 230 females and 197 males, aged between 14 and 19 (M = 15.82; SD = 1.02). Method Participants completed self-report measures of academic motivation, parental autonomy support, psychological needs satisfaction, and self-control. Structural equation modeling was performed to explore complex relationships between variables of interest. Results The study revealed that psychological needs satisfaction increased as parental autonomy support increased, and self-control also increased with the satisfaction of psychological needs. It was also found that satisfaction of psychological needs was positively related to both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Additionally, self-control was associated with increased intrinsic motivation and decreased amotivation. In addition, it was found that parental autonomy support has an indirect relationship with academic motivation through the satisfaction of psychological needs and self-control. Conclusion It is believed that these connections will lead to a deeper understanding of the significant processes in adolescence and serve as a foundation for developing and implementing psycho-educational interventions related to these variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oğuzhan Çelik
- Erzincan Binali Yildirim University, Erzincan, Türkiye
- Erzincan University, Erzincan, Türkiye
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31
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Liu W, Shah N, Ma I, Rosenblau G. Strategic social decision making undergoes significant changes in typically developing and autistic early adolescents. Dev Sci 2024; 27:e13463. [PMID: 38129763 DOI: 10.1111/desc.13463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Information sampling about others' trustworthiness prior to cooperation allows humans to minimize the risk of exploitation. Here, we examined whether early adolescence or preadolescence, a stage defined as in between childhood and adolescence, is a significant developmental period for strategic social decisions. We also sought to characterize differences between autistic children and their typically developing (TD) peers. TD (N = 48) and autistic (N = 56) 8- to 12-year-olds played an online information sampling trust game. While both groups adapted their information sampling and cooperation to the various trustworthiness levels of the trustees, groups differed in how age and social skills modulated task behavior. In the TD group social skills were a stronger overall predictor of task behavior. In the autistic group, age was a stronger predictor and interacted with social skills. Computational modeling revealed that both groups used the same heuristic information sampling strategy-albeit older TD children were more efficient as reflected by decreasing decision noise with age. Autistic children had lower prior beliefs about the trustee's trustworthiness compared to TD children. These lower priors indicate that children believed the trustees to be less trustworthy. Lower priors scaled with lower social skills across groups. Notably, groups did not differ in prior uncertainty, meaning that the priors of TD and autistic children were equally strong. Taken together, we found significant development in information sampling and cooperation in early adolescence and nuanced differences between TD and autistic children. Our study highlights the importance of deep phenotyping of children including clinical measures, behavioral experiments and computational modeling. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: We specified how early adolescents with and without an autism diagnosis sampled information about their interaction partners and made cooperation decisions in a strategic game. Early adolescence is a significant developmental period for strategic decision making, marked by significant changes in information sampling efficiency and adaptivity to the partner's behavior. Autistic and non-autistic groups differed in how age and social skills modulated task behavior; in non-autistic children behavior was more indicative of overall social skills. Computational modeling revealed differences between autistic and non-autistic groups in their initial beliefs about cooperation partners; autistic children expected their partners to be less trustworthy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenda Liu
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- Autism and Neurodevelopmental Disorders Institute, George Washington University and Children's National Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Nikita Shah
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- Autism and Neurodevelopmental Disorders Institute, George Washington University and Children's National Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Ili Ma
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Gabriela Rosenblau
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- Autism and Neurodevelopmental Disorders Institute, George Washington University and Children's National Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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32
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Weinberg D, Stevens GWJM, Peeters M, Visser K, Frankenhuis W, Finkenauer C. The role of social cognitions in the social gradient in adolescent mental health: A longitudinal mediation model. Dev Psychopathol 2024; 36:953-966. [PMID: 36847266 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579423000214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
The social gradient in adolescent mental health is well established: adolescents' socioeconomic status is negatively associated with their mental health. However, despite changes in social cognition during adolescence, little is known about whether social cognitions mediate this gradient. Therefore, this study tested this proposed mediational path using three data waves, each 6 months apart, from a socioeconomically diverse sample of 1,429 adolescents (Mage = 17.9) in the Netherlands. Longitudinal modeling examined whether three social cognitions (self-esteem, sense of control, and optimism) mediated associations between perceived family wealth and four indicators of adolescent mental health problems (emotional symptoms, conduct problems, hyperactivity, and peer problems). There was evidence of a social gradient: adolescents with lower perceived family wealth reported more concurrent emotional symptoms and peer problems and an increase in peer problems 6 months later. Results also showed evidence of mediation through social cognitions, specifically sense of control: adolescents with lower perceived family wealth reported a decrease in sense of control (though not self-esteem nor optimism) 6 months later, and lower sense of control predicted increases in emotional symptoms and hyperactivity 6 months later. We found concurrent positive associations between perceived family wealth and all three social cognitions, and concurrent negative associations between social cognitions and mental health problems. The findings indicate that social cognitions, especially sense of control, may be an overlooked mediator of the social gradient in adolescent mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Weinberg
- Department of Psychology, Education & Child Studies, Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Gonneke W J M Stevens
- Department of Psychology, Education & Child Studies, Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Margot Peeters
- Department of Psychology, Education & Child Studies, Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kirsten Visser
- Department of Human Geography and Spatial Planning, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Willem Frankenhuis
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Catrin Finkenauer
- Department of Psychology, Education & Child Studies, Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Galper EF, Widman L, Brasileiro J, Noar SM. Adolescents' pornography viewing frequency and its relationship with condom attitudes. Sex Health 2024; 21:SH24025. [PMID: 38769682 DOI: 10.1071/sh24025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Background This study examined adolescent pornography viewing and its' relationship with condom attitudes. Methods Data were from 457 adolescents aged 13-18years old who completed an online survey assessing pornography viewing frequency and condom attitudes. Results Many adolescents in our sample had viewed pornography in the past year (n =188, 41%), with pornography viewing frequency being higher among older adolescents (P =0.02), those who have had sex in the past year (P =0.001), and those who identified as White (P =0.01), LGB+ (P =0.05), and male (P =0.001). Adolescents who viewed pornography more frequently had more negative condom attitudes (r =-0.18, P Conclusions A substantial proportion of adolescents in our sample viewed pornography and those who view more frequently had more negative condom attitudes. Results indicate a need for experimental studies examining this relationship and interventions addressing pornography literacy among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily F Galper
- Hussman School of Journalism and Media, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Laura Widman
- Department of Psychology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Julia Brasileiro
- Department of Psychology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Seth M Noar
- Hussman School of Journalism and Media, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Peeters M, Prior K, Salemink E, Sunderland M, Stevens G, Oldehinkel T, Stapinski L. Dynamic Associations Between Anxiety Symptoms and Drinking Behavior From Early Adolescence to Young Adulthood. J Adolesc Health 2024; 74:933-940. [PMID: 38416098 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2023.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Research is inconclusive with respect to the possible risk-increasing effect of anxiety symptoms on heavy drinking behavior among adolescents and young adults. Adult role transitions and changes in the social context from early adolescence into young adulthood may impact the association between anxiety symptoms and alcohol use. METHODS The TRacking Adolescents' Individual Lives Survey, including 2,229 individuals at baseline, was used to evaluate the bi-directional and longitudinal associations between anxiety symptoms and alcohol use, using data at 14, 16, 19, 22, and 25 years of age. RESULTS Cross-lagged models revealed a relatively stable negative association at 14, 16, and 19 years, showing that relatively higher anxiety symptoms were associated with relatively lower drinking levels three years later. This effect was absent in young adulthood. There was no evidence for significant associations between alcohol use and subsequent anxiety symptoms, with the exception of alcohol use at age 19, which predicted relatively lower levels of anxiety symptoms at age 22. DISCUSSION Overall, the results indicated that anxiety symptoms may withhold adolescents from (heavy) drinking, although this protective effect disappeared in young adulthood. Transitions in social contexts as well as autonomy and adult responsibilities could underlie the changing association between alcohol use and anxiety symptoms throughout adolescence and young adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margot Peeters
- Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Katrina Prior
- Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Elske Salemink
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Matthew Sunderland
- Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Gonneke Stevens
- Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Tineke Oldehinkel
- Department of Medical Science, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lexine Stapinski
- Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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35
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Dickerson KL, Quas JA. Compensatory prosocial behavior in high-risk adolescents observing social exclusion: The effects of emotion feedback. J Exp Child Psychol 2024; 241:105840. [PMID: 38245916 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2023.105840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Although exposure to violence has been consistently associated with deficits in prosocial behavior among adolescents, effective methods of mitigating these deficits have yet to be identified. The current investigation tested whether prosocial behavior could be promoted by providing adolescents with feedback about the emotional states of others and whether the effects of feedback varied between adolescents who had versus had not experienced violence in the home or in the community. Adolescents aged 8 to 17 years with (n = 87) and without (n = 61) histories of violence exposure completed a virtual social exclusion ball-tossing paradigm in which information about an excluded peer's emotions (sad, angry, or neutral) was experimentally manipulated. Among adolescents with histories of violence exposure, those who received feedback that the peer was sad due to being excluded compensated by throwing the ball more often to that peer. In contrast, adolescents without histories of violence exposure did not engage in compensatory prosocial behavior, instead maintaining a relatively even number of tosses to all players. Findings offer new insight into simple potential methods of eliciting prosocial behavior in adolescents for whom such responding may be compromised and may provide a potential starting point for interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelli L Dickerson
- Department of Informatics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
| | - Jodi A Quas
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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36
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Howe K, Stites E, Bassett L, Ewart M, Hammada KA, Sulaiman S, Lony N, Maguek TN. Health and well-being of young mothers displaced by conflict: Experiences from South Sudan and the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Soc Sci Med 2024; 348:116710. [PMID: 38636208 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.116710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Giving birth during adolescence is linked to a variety of negative outcomes, including poor health and well-being. Girls who have been displaced by conflict are at increased risk for becoming young mothers. While prevalence rates and health outcomes have been documented, rarely have the complex personal narratives of early motherhood been examined from the perspectives of mothers themselves, particularly in the Global South. This study relies on in-depth, inductive, narrative analysis of qualitative interviews with 67 young mothers and 10 relatives in South Sudan and the Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI) who had been displaced by conflict. This study provides deep insights into the contributing circumstances and consequences of young motherhood from sexual and reproductive health and well-being perspectives, with additional insights on mothering in humanitarian crisis.
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37
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Berman T, Plante I, Roy M. It takes two: examining the dynamic nature of cooperative behavior in adolescents. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1269016. [PMID: 38741755 PMCID: PMC11089236 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1269016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Cooperating with those around us is an important facet of functioning in modern-day society. Forming successful cooperative relationships requires trust, reciprocity, and other interpersonal skills that continue to develop during adolescence. This study examined the dynamic nature of how trust is formed and broken among 248 adolescents (Males = 110, M Age = 15.1 years) throughout an iterative cooperative task (i.e., the Trust Game) and the interindividual differences that alter the success of their relationships. In our study, adolescents from the same classroom were anonymously paired and played a 10-trial version of the Trust Game, which examines trust and reciprocity. We found that trust is formed in the first half of the game and decreases as the threat of defection nears in the last trial. As the game progressed, the relationship between trial number and investments on the subsequent trial was mediated by percent return (ab = -0.09, 95% CI = [-0.15, -0.02]). Importantly, this relationship was moderated by social skills (p = 0.003) and impulsivity (p = 0.001), such that increases in either were associated with decreased percent return and investments on future trials. Overall, we found that cooperation is an adaptive behavior which requires trust and reciprocity, and adolescents need to exhibit both of these behaviors to have fruitful interactions. These findings suggest that interventions to help students think about their partner's perspective and stress the longer-term nature of interactions with peers would foster successful cooperation in social situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taryn Berman
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Isabelle Plante
- Department of Didactics, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mathieu Roy
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Mirghafourvand M, Ebadi A, Jahanfar S, Khorashadizadeh F, Shirzadi S. Exploring the practice of Iranian adolescent females during menstruation and related beliefs: a qualitative study. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1145. [PMID: 38658910 PMCID: PMC11040887 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18600-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Menstruation is a natural occurrence that women experience during their reproductive years and may encounter many years throughout their lifespan. Many adolescent females lack accurate knowledge about menstruation, so they may face issues from receiving incorrect information from unreliable sources. Our study aimed to investigate the practices and beliefs surrounding menstruation among Iranian adolescent females. METHODS This qualitative study was conducted using conventional content analysis. A purposeful sampling method was used to select 18 adolescent females from secondary and high schools located in the three regions of Neyshabur City-Iran. Data were collected through in-depth, semi-structured interviews. RESULTS Three main themes were extracted, consisting of lifestyle and related beliefs, lake of support, and awareness and information. CONCLUSIONS misconceptions and wrong behaviors during menstruation indicate that the lake of knowledge an traditional factors influence adolescent girls' health. The study provides the basis for intervention planning in this regard and different levels (individual, intrapersonal, health systems, and community).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojgan Mirghafourvand
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Abbas Ebadi
- Behavioral Sciences Research Centre, Nursing Faculty, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shayesteh Jahanfar
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts School of Medicine, Boston, USA
| | - Fatemeh Khorashadizadeh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Shayesteh Shirzadi
- Healthy Ageing Research Centre, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.
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Andersén MB, Revenäs Å, Lostelius PV, Olsson EMG, Bring A, Ring L. "It's about how you take in things with your brain" - young people's perspectives on mental health and help seeking: an interview study. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1095. [PMID: 38643072 PMCID: PMC11031856 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18617-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Poor mental health in young people has become a growing problem globally over the past decades. However, young people have also been shown to underutilize available healthcare resources. The World Health Organisation (WHO) has formulated guidelines for youth-friendly health services (YFHSs) to increase youth participation in healthcare. Still, little is known about how young people using these services perceive mental health, indicating a knowledge gap concerning the subjective evaluation of their mental health. AIM To investigate how young people visiting youth health clinics (YHC) perceive the concept of mental health and factors they view as central to maintaining mental health. METHODS In total 21 interviews were carried out, 16 in 2018, and 5 in 2023 to assure no changes in findings after the COVID-19 pandemic. Subjects were recruited during visits to youth health clinics (YHCs) in mid-Sweden and were aged 15-23 years. Recruitment strived to achieve heterogeneity in the sample concerning gender, sexual orientation, gender identity and age. Interviews were transcribed and analysed using qualitative content analysis. FINDINGS Findings of the analysis revealed two themes, "Mental health is helped and hindered by the surroundings" and "Mental health is difficult to understand and difficult to achieve". The participants described their health as highly dependent on their social surroundings, and that these are important to maintaining health but may also affect health negatively. They described mixed experiences of the health care services and mentioned prerequisites for seeking care for mental health problems such as accessibility and respect for their integrity, including the right to turn down offered treatment. The informants also viewed mental health as an ongoing undertaking that one must work for, and that it is sometimes difficult to know what constitutes mental health. They also expressed a need from healthcare services to enquire about their health, and to show an active interest in how they are doing. CONCLUSIONS Findings underline the need of young people's individual needs to be met in the healthcare system and their vulnerability to their social surroundings. Health status assessments in young people should consider social and individual factors to fully capture mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael B Andersén
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
- Region Uppsala, Primary Care and Health, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Åsa Revenäs
- Centre for Clinical Research, Region Västmanland - Uppsala University, Västmanland Hospital Västerås, Västerås, Sweden
- School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, Västerås, Sweden
- Orthopedic clinic, Västmanland Hospital Västerås, Västerås, Sweden
| | - Petra V Lostelius
- Centre for Clinical Research, Region Västmanland - Uppsala University, Västmanland Hospital Västerås, Västerås, Sweden
- School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, Västerås, Sweden
- Clinic for Pain Rehabilitation Västmanland, Region Västmanland, Västerås, Sweden
| | - Erik M G Olsson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Annika Bring
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lena Ring
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Region Uppsala, Primary Care and Health, Uppsala, Sweden
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Smorti M, Milone A, Fanciullacci L, Ciaravolo A, Berrocal C. Parenting and Emotional and Behavioral Difficulties in a General Population Sample of Adolescents: The Mediating Role of Emotional Dysregulation. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:435. [PMID: 38671652 PMCID: PMC11049627 DOI: 10.3390/children11040435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Research has shown that both parenting and emotional dysregulation are associated with mental health outcomes in youth. This cross-sectional research was developed to replicate these noted findings and explore the mediating role of emotional dysregulation to explain the relationship between parenting and emotional and behavioral difficulties (internalizing and externalizing problems) in adolescents. A total of 104 adolescents (61.5% females; M = 15.62 yrs., SD = 1.38) participated in the study. Participants completed the Parental Bonding Instrument (measuring care, promotion of autonomy, and overprotection) referring to both the mother and father, the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, and the Youth Self-Report. The results showed that difficulties in emotion regulation fully mediated the relationship between overprotection (in both parents) and low maternal care with internalizing problems, on the one hand, and the relationship between maternal overprotection and low care (in both parents) with externalizing problems, on the other hand. Furthermore, emotional dysregulation partially mediated the effect of paternal care on internalizing problems. These findings help to clarify one of the mechanisms through which parenting can affect mental health in youth. Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Smorti
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.S.); (L.F.); (A.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Annarita Milone
- IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris, Scientific Institute of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, 56128 Calambrone, Italy
| | - Luisa Fanciullacci
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.S.); (L.F.); (A.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Alessia Ciaravolo
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.S.); (L.F.); (A.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Carmen Berrocal
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (M.S.); (L.F.); (A.C.); (C.B.)
- International Lab of Clinical Measurements, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139 Florence, Italy
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Nusslock R, Alloy LB, Brody GH, Miller GE. Annual Research Review: Neuroimmune network model of depression: a developmental perspective. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2024; 65:538-567. [PMID: 38426610 PMCID: PMC11090270 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Depression is a serious public health problem, and adolescence is an 'age of risk' for the onset of Major Depressive Disorder. Recently, we and others have proposed neuroimmune network models that highlight bidirectional communication between the brain and the immune system in both mental and physical health, including depression. These models draw on research indicating that the cellular actors (particularly monocytes) and signaling molecules (particularly cytokines) that orchestrate inflammation in the periphery can directly modulate the structure and function of the brain. In the brain, inflammatory activity heightens sensitivity to threats in the cortico-amygdala circuit, lowers sensitivity to rewards in the cortico-striatal circuit, and alters executive control and emotion regulation in the prefrontal cortex. When dysregulated, and particularly under conditions of chronic stress, inflammation can generate feelings of dysphoria, distress, and anhedonia. This is proposed to initiate unhealthy, self-medicating behaviors (e.g. substance use, poor diet) to manage the dysphoria, which further heighten inflammation. Over time, dysregulation in these brain circuits and the inflammatory response may compound each other to form a positive feedback loop, whereby dysregulation in one organ system exacerbates the other. We and others suggest that this neuroimmune dysregulation is a dynamic joint vulnerability for depression, particularly during adolescence. We have three goals for the present paper. First, we extend neuroimmune network models of mental and physical health to generate a developmental framework of risk for the onset of depression during adolescence. Second, we examine how a neuroimmune network perspective can help explain the high rates of comorbidity between depression and other psychiatric disorders across development, and multimorbidity between depression and stress-related medical illnesses. Finally, we consider how identifying neuroimmune pathways to depression can facilitate a 'next generation' of behavioral and biological interventions that target neuroimmune signaling to treat, and ideally prevent, depression in youth and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Nusslock
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston IL, USA
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston IL, USA
| | - Lauren B. Alloy
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA. USA
| | - Gene H. Brody
- Center for Family Research, University of Georgia, Athens GA, USA
| | - Gregory E. Miller
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston IL, USA
- Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston IL, USA
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Wang H, Xu S, Wang S, Wang Y, Chen R. Association between sports-related concussions and the risk of self-injury thoughts and behaviors: Who, and under what circumstances? J Affect Disord 2024; 350:801-812. [PMID: 38272361 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the association between sport-related concussions and the risk of suicidal and non-suicidal self-injury thoughts and behaviors (SITBs), including non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI), suicidal ideation (SI), suicidal plan (SP), and suicidal attempt (SA), is crucial for suicide prevention. We aimed to identify the circumstances in which individuals with or without a concussion are vulnerable to SITBs. METHODS The cross-sectional study included 85,469 students from 63 Chinese university with a mean age of 19.6 years. Firstly, propensity score matching, and inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) were used to match the concussion and non-concussion group based on a range of biological, social, and psychological factors. Subsequently, multivariable logistic regression and a decision tree algorithm were employed to evaluate the interaction and cumulative impact of these risk factors and concussion on the probability of SITBs. RESULTS In the unmatched sample, concussion exposures were associated with all SITBs, with NSSI (OR, 1.41), SI (OR, 1.10), SP (OR, 1.23), and SA (OR, 1.28). However, the matched and weighted sample only had a significant association with NSSI and SI. The decision tree model revealed that, in the unmatched sample, among individuals without depressive symptoms or childhood emotional abuse, the risk of concussion on SITBs increased from 45.5 % to 65.2 % (χ2, 9.370; adjusted P = .002) after experiencing sexual abuse and verbal bullying. In the matched sample, the risk increased from 46.2 % to 64.6 % (χ2, 6.848; adjusted P = .009). CONCLUSION Our study revealed that individuals who suffered concussions exhibited a significantly higher risk of SITBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huagen Wang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Institute for Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Shicun Xu
- Northeast Asian Research Center, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; Department of Population, Resources and Environment, Northeast Asian Studies College, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
| | - Shihui Wang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Institute for Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, China; School of Psychology, Center for Studies of Psychological Application, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, South China Normal University, China
| | - Runsen Chen
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Institute for Healthy China, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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Pelletier-Baldelli A, Sheridan MA, Rudolph MD, Eisenlohr-Moul T, Martin S, Srabani EM, Giletta M, Hastings PD, Nock MK, Slavich GM, Rudolph KD, Prinstein MJ, Miller AB. Brain network connectivity during peer evaluation in adolescent females: Associations with age, pubertal hormones, timing, and status. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2024; 66:101357. [PMID: 38359577 PMCID: PMC10878848 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite copious data linking brain function with changes to social behavior and mental health, little is known about how puberty relates to brain functioning. We investigated the specificity of brain network connectivity associations with pubertal indices and age to inform neurodevelopmental models of adolescence. We examined how brain network connectivity during a peer evaluation fMRI task related to pubertal hormones (dehydroepiandrosterone and testosterone), pubertal timing and status, and age. Participants were 99 adolescents assigned female at birth aged 9-15 (M = 12.38, SD = 1.81) enriched for the presence of internalizing symptoms. Multivariate analysis revealed that within Salience, between Frontoparietal - Reward and Cinguloopercular - Reward network connectivity were associated with all measures of pubertal development and age. Specifically, Salience connectivity linked with age, pubertal hormones, and status, but not timing. In contrast, Frontoparietal - Reward connectivity was only associated with hormones. Finally, Cinguloopercular - Reward connectivity related to age and pubertal status, but not hormones or timing. These results provide evidence that the salience processing underlying peer evaluation is jointly influenced by various indices of puberty and age, while coordination between cognitive control and reward circuitry is related to pubertal hormones, pubertal status, and age in unique ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pelletier-Baldelli
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Margaret A Sheridan
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Marc D Rudolph
- Sticht Center on Aging, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Wake Forest, NC, USA
| | - Tory Eisenlohr-Moul
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sophia Martin
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ellora M Srabani
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Matteo Giletta
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Paul D Hastings
- Department of Psychology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Matthew K Nock
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - George M Slavich
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Karen D Rudolph
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Mitchell J Prinstein
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Adam Bryant Miller
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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Gupta T, Eckstrand KL, Forbes EE. Annual Research Review: Puberty and the development of anhedonia - considering childhood adversity and inflammation. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2024; 65:459-480. [PMID: 38391011 PMCID: PMC10939801 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Anhedonia, or diminished pleasure and motivation, is a symptom of severe mental illness (e.g., depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia) that emerges during adolescence. Anhedonia is a pernicious symptom that is related to social impairments, treatment resistance, and suicide. As the mechanisms of anhedonia are postulated to include the frontostriatal circuitry and the dopamine neuromodulatory system, the development and plasticity of these systems during the vulnerable period of adolescence, as well as their sensitivity to pubertal hormones, suggest that pubertal maturation could play a role in the development of anhedonia. This review takes a developmental perspective, considering the possibility that anhedonia emerges in the context of pubertal maturation and adolescent development, with childhood adversity and chronic inflammation influencing neural reward systems to accelerate anhedonia's progression. Here, we review the relevant extant literature on the components of this model and suggest directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Gupta
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | | | - Erika E. Forbes
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychiatry, Pittsburgh, PA USA
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychology, Pittsburgh, PA USA
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Pediatrics, Pittsburgh PA USA
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Clinical and Translational Science, Pittsburgh PA USA
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Gregorová K, Eldar E, Deserno L, Reiter AMF. A cognitive-computational account of mood swings in adolescence. Trends Cogn Sci 2024; 28:290-303. [PMID: 38503636 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2024.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Teenagers have a reputation for being fickle, in both their choices and their moods. This variability may help adolescents as they begin to independently navigate novel environments. Recently, however, adolescent moodiness has also been linked to psychopathology. Here, we consider adolescents' mood swings from a novel computational perspective, grounded in reinforcement learning (RL). This model proposes that mood is determined by surprises about outcomes in the environment, and how much we learn from these surprises. It additionally suggests that mood biases learning and choice in a bidirectional manner. Integrating independent lines of research, we sketch a cognitive-computational account of how adolescents' mood, learning, and choice dynamics influence each other, with implications for normative and psychopathological development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klára Gregorová
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Würzburg 97080, Germany; Department of Psychology, Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Würzburg 97070, Germany; German Center of Prevention Research on Mental Health, Würzburg 97080, Germany
| | - Eran Eldar
- Department of Psychology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190501, Israel; Department of Cognitive & Brain Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190501, Israel
| | - Lorenz Deserno
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Würzburg 97080, Germany; Department of Psychology, Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Würzburg 97070, Germany; Department of Cognitive & Brain Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190501, Israel; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden 01069, Germany
| | - Andrea M F Reiter
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Würzburg 97080, Germany; Department of Psychology, Julius-Maximilians-Universität, Würzburg 97070, Germany; German Center of Prevention Research on Mental Health, Würzburg 97080, Germany; Collaborative Research Centre 940 Volition and Cognitive Control, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden 01069, Germany.
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Gotlieb RJM, Yang XF, Immordino-Yang MH. Diverse adolescents' transcendent thinking predicts young adult psychosocial outcomes via brain network development. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6254. [PMID: 38491075 PMCID: PMC10943076 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56800-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Developmental scientists have long described mid-adolescents' emerging capacities to make deep meaning about the social world and self, here called transcendent thinking, as a hallmark developmental stage. In this 5-years longitudinal study, sixty-five 14-18 years-old youths' proclivities to grapple psychologically with the ethical, systems-level and personal implications of social stories, predicted future increases in the coordination of two key brain networks: the default-mode network, involved in reflective, autobiographical and free-form thinking, and the executive control network, involved in effortful, focused thinking; findings were independent of IQ, ethnicity, and socioeconomic background. This neural development predicted late-adolescent identity development, which predicted young-adult self-liking and relationship satisfaction, in a developmental cascade. The findings reveal a novel predictor of mid-adolescents' neural development, and suggest the importance of attending to adolescents' proclivities to engage agentically with complex perspectives and emotions on the social and personal relevance of issues, such as through civically minded educational approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J M Gotlieb
- Center for Dyslexia, Diverse Learners, and Social Justice, School of Education and Information Studies, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Xiao-Fei Yang
- Center for Affective Neuroscience, Development, Learning and Education; Brain and Creativity Institute; Rossier School of Education, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mary Helen Immordino-Yang
- Center for Affective Neuroscience, Development, Learning and Education; Brain and Creativity Institute; Rossier School of Education, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Neuroscience Graduate Program; Psychology Department, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Wilbrecht L, Davidow JY. Goal-directed learning in adolescence: neurocognitive development and contextual influences. Nat Rev Neurosci 2024; 25:176-194. [PMID: 38263216 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-023-00783-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Adolescence is a time during which we transition to independence, explore new activities and begin pursuit of major life goals. Goal-directed learning, in which we learn to perform actions that enable us to obtain desired outcomes, is central to many of these processes. Currently, our understanding of goal-directed learning in adolescence is itself in a state of transition, with the scientific community grappling with inconsistent results. When we examine metrics of goal-directed learning through the second decade of life, we find that many studies agree there are steady gains in performance in the teenage years, but others report that adolescent goal-directed learning is already adult-like, and some find adolescents can outperform adults. To explain the current variability in results, sophisticated experimental designs are being applied to test learning in different contexts. There is also increasing recognition that individuals of different ages and in different states will draw on different neurocognitive systems to support goal-directed learning. Through adoption of more nuanced approaches, we can be better prepared to recognize and harness adolescent strengths and to decipher the purpose (or goals) of adolescence itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Wilbrecht
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Juliet Y Davidow
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
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Ladouceur CD. Can Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Normalize Neural Function in Youths With Pediatric Anxiety Disorders? A Developmental Neuroscience Perspective. Am J Psychiatry 2024; 181:175-177. [PMID: 38425260 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.20240024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
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Winds K, Marka T, Salcher B, Rieser N, Skrivanek C, Hochrainer M, Trost-Schrems J, Rainer LJ, Hitzl W, Augner C, Plattner B. Glow up: does a professional photoshoot intervention affect self-esteem and emotions among adolescent psychiatric patients?-A longitudinal intervention study. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1310252. [PMID: 38463433 PMCID: PMC10920346 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1310252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Today, online communication is shaped by a billion-dollar social media (SM) and social networking site (SNS) industry. Visual content consumed by children and adolescents has been shown to influence behavioral patterns, state emotions, and self-esteem (SE). In this study, we introduced a novel intervention creating visual content through a professional photoshoot and investigated its impact on state emotions and SE in child and adolescent psychiatric (CAP) patients. Methods Standardized and validated self-rating questionnaires were used to assess SE, state emotions, coping mechanisms, psychopathological symptoms, and internet use behavior at baseline. SE and state emotions were monitored at different time points around a professional photoshoot within 45 CAP patients (30 female patients; mean age, 15.1 years) using a longitudinal design. Results Within-subject repeated-measures ANOVA and bootstrapped paired-sample t-tests showed a significant fluctuation in state emotions and SE throughout the intervention. Spearman correlations and univariate logistic regressions revealed that internalizing symptomatology and maladaptive coping significantly worsened the outcome of the intervention on state emotions and SE in girls. Internet-related variables heightened the positive effect of the intervention in boys and lowered SE in girls during the intervention. Conclusion The photo intervention had various gender-specific effects. Boys did benefit from the intervention in terms of longitudinal outcome on positive state emotions (PE) and SE, even positively influenced by SNS and SM. Thus, it might be concluded that online social comparison was processed more beneficial in boys. In contrast, when working with visual content in girls, psychopathology and coping must be considered. Internet consumption in general, especially SM and SNS, was related to low SE in girls. Nevertheless, when therapeutically accompanied, the "glow up moment" during the shoot (high on PE and SE; low on negative state emotions) could be used as an index moment for therapeutic reflection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kornelius Winds
- University Clinics for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Salzburger Landeskliniken, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience Salzburg, Paris Lodron University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Theresa Marka
- University Clinics for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Salzburger Landeskliniken, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience Salzburg, Paris Lodron University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Bernhard Salcher
- Department of Environment and Biodiversity, Paris Lodron University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Nicole Rieser
- University Clinics for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Salzburger Landeskliniken, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Christine Skrivanek
- University Clinics for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Salzburger Landeskliniken, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Michelle Hochrainer
- University Clinics for Pediatrics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Julia Trost-Schrems
- University Clinics for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Salzburger Landeskliniken, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Lucas J. Rainer
- University Clinics for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Salzburger Landeskliniken, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience Salzburg, Paris Lodron University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- University Clinics for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Salzburger Landeskliniken, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- University Clinics for Neurology, Salzburger Landeskliniken, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Hitzl
- Research Office Biostatistics, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Christoph Augner
- University Clinics for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Salzburger Landeskliniken, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Institute for Human Resources Research in Health Care, Salzburger Landeskliniken, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Belinda Plattner
- University Clinics for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Salzburger Landeskliniken, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience Salzburg, Paris Lodron University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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Sadath A, Kavalidou K, McMahon E, Malone K, McLoughlin A. Associations between humiliation, shame, self-harm and suicidality among adolescents and young adults: A systematic review. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0292691. [PMID: 38329967 PMCID: PMC10852296 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide is the second leading cause of death among young people worldwide. Research indicates that negative social contexts involving familial and peer relationships have far-reaching influences on levels of suicidality in later life. While previous systematic reviews have focused on evaluating associations between negative life events such as abuse and bullying in childhood and subsequent suicidality, this systematic review examines the prevalence of, and association between the processes of humiliation and shame in later self-harm, suicidal ideation, and suicide among adolescents and young adults. METHODS A systematic literature search of databases including MEDLINE, Web of Science Core Collection, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Embase was conducted to identify potential studies. ProQuest was searched to identify relevant grey literature research. A combination of MESH terms and keywords was used. All original quantitative studies published in English that examined the prevalence, or association between humiliation or shame and suicidal behaviours and/or death by suicide were included. Studies were assessed for methodological quality using Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools. The protocol was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) [CRD42022289843]. RESULTS Narrative synthesis was performed. A total of 33 studies reporting the prevalence of, or association between humiliation (n = 10) or shame (n = 23) and suicidal thoughts/behaviours were included. The prevalence of humiliation among those with any suicidality ranged from 18% to 28.1%, excluding an outlier (67.1%), with two studies presenting a significant association between humiliation and self-harm in their fully adjusted analyses. The studies that outlined humiliation and suicidal thinking (intent/suicide plan) had no association after adjustment for confounders. For shame, half of the studies found an association in adjusted models (n = 10), and this was evident for both suicidal ideation and self-harm. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first study to attempt a systematic review on this topic. The dearth of research in this field of enquiry is reflective of unique challenges associated with assessments of humiliation and shame in various clinical settings amongst adolescent and young adult populations. Nonetheless, given the importance and relevance of the psychological imprint of humiliation in youth morbidity and mortality in the field of mental health, it is timely to attempt such a systematic review. In light of the associated role of humiliation and shame in self-harm and suicidality among young people, we recommend that these processes need to be explored further via prospective studies and assessed as part of a comprehensive bio-psycho-social assessment when focusing on life stressors for adolescent and young adults presenting with suicidality to emergency departments and mental health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anvar Sadath
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- National Suicide Research Foundation, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Katerina Kavalidou
- National Suicide Research Foundation, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- National Clinical Programme, Health Service Executive (HSE), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Elaine McMahon
- School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- National Suicide Research Foundation, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Kevin Malone
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health Research, St. Vincent’s University Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Aoibheann McLoughlin
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health Research, St. Vincent’s University Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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