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Granato G, Baldassarre G. Bridging flexible goal-directed cognition and consciousness: The Goal-Aligning Representation Internal Manipulation theory. Neural Netw 2024; 176:106292. [PMID: 38657422 DOI: 10.1016/j.neunet.2024.106292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Goal-directed manipulation of internal representations is a key element of human flexible behaviour, while consciousness is commonly associated with higher-order cognition and human flexibility. Current perspectives have only partially linked these processes, thus preventing a clear understanding of how they jointly generate flexible cognition and behaviour. Moreover, these limitations prevent an effective exploitation of this knowledge for technological scopes. We propose a new theoretical perspective that extends our 'three-component theory of flexible cognition' toward higher-order cognition and consciousness, based on the systematic integration of key concepts from Cognitive Neuroscience and AI/Robotics. The theory proposes that the function of conscious processes is to support the alignment of representations with multi-level goals. This higher alignment leads to more flexible and effective behaviours. We analyse here our previous model of goal-directed flexible cognition (validated with more than 20 human populations) as a starting GARIM-inspired model. By bridging the main theories of consciousness and goal-directed behaviour, the theory has relevant implications for scientific and technological fields. In particular, it contributes to developing new experimental tasks and interpreting clinical evidence. Finally, it indicates directions for improving machine learning and robotics systems and for informing real-world applications (e.g., in digital-twin healthcare and roboethics).
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Granato
- Laboratory of Embodied Natural and Artificial Intelligence, Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy.
| | - Gianluca Baldassarre
- Laboratory of Embodied Natural and Artificial Intelligence, Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies, National Research Council of Italy, Rome, Italy.
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2
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Liu H, Wang TY. Mindfulness-Based Interventions in the light of burns. Burns 2024; 50:1711-1712. [PMID: 38789336 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2024.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Liu
- Outpatient Department, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
| | - Tian-Yu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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3
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Erbe RG, Meindl P, Dykhuis EM, Boatright G, Tilman T. A reasoned action approach to meditation behavior among cadets at the United States Military Academy. MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY 2024; 36:456-463. [PMID: 38913768 PMCID: PMC11197910 DOI: 10.1080/08995605.2023.2197840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Military members face emotion-regulation challenges due to the high-pressure nature of the profession as evidenced by rates of mental health issues within military populations. Identifying behaviors that are efficient and effective at promoting emotion-regulation and helping military members adopt them is essential. Recently, meditation has been shown to reduce stress, enhance attention control and emotion regulation, along with reducing military-related Post Traumatic Stress Disorder symptoms. One way to promote this behavior in a military context is to enable future officers to adopt the behavior. We aimed to examine determinants of meditation intention and behavior among cadets at the United States Military Academy using the Reasoned Action Approach, a behavior framework used to explain and change behavior. By identifying these determinants, military practitioners can tailor meditation interventions to increase the likelihood that cadets will adopt the practice and eventually help soldiers under their command use meditation as well. We conducted a pilot study and a replication study that confirmed Reasoned Action Approach constructs were predictive of behavior and behavioral intention. Of significance was the perceived norm impact on meditation intention, specifically injunctive norms. Implications include the importance of authority figures within cadets' social context providing support for meditation's utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan G. Erbe
- Character Integration Advisory Group, United States Military Academy, West Point
| | - Peter Meindl
- Simon Center for the Professional Military Ethic, United States Military Academy, West Point
| | - Elise M. Dykhuis
- Character Integration Advisory Group, United States Military Academy, West Point
| | | | - Travis Tilman
- LTC, Behavioral Sciences and Leadership, United States Military Academy, West Point
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Melchior MDO, Magri LV, Victoria Díaz-Serrano K, Leite-Panissi CRA, Gherardi-Donato ECS. How do the mindfulness and sensory-behavioural-emotional aspects influence the painful experience related to temporomandibular disorder? J Oral Rehabil 2024; 51:1175-1183. [PMID: 38532257 DOI: 10.1111/joor.13690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic pain is persistent or recurrent pain lasting longer than 3 months. The experience of temporomandibular disorder (TMD)-related pain is modulated by emotional and social factors, with mindfulness encapsulating these aspects. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between cognitive-behavioural-emotional characteristics, mindfulness and the painful experience in women with chronic pain-related TMD. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted, including 90 women aged between 18 and 61 years old, diagnosed with chronic pain-related TMD according to the Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorder, considering both temporomandibular joint and muscle pain. Specific instruments were employed to assess cognitive-behavioural-emotional aspects. The Mindful Attention Awareness Scale and the Five Facets of Mindfulness Questionnaire scales evaluated the level and construct of mindfulness. The relationship between variables was analysed using bivariate association tests (.05 > p < .20), followed by multiple regression tests (p < .05). RESULTS The heightened experience of pain correlated with increasing age, a low level of education, the attribution of the locus of control by chance, and lower levels of mindfulness (p < .05). The heightened experience of pain was negatively influenced by mindfulness levels (p < .05). On the other hand, the painful experience was mainly influenced by facets describing negative formulation, distraction, non-reactivity and non-judgement (p < .05). CONCLUSION Demographic, cognitive-behavioural-emotional data and levels of mindfulness and its facets presented different influence weights on the painful experience. These findings provide support for future studies focusing on mindfulness strategies, education and pain management in women with chronic pain-related TMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa de Oliveira Melchior
- Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
- Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Laís Valencise Magri
- Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Siffredi V, Liverani MC, Fernandez N, Freitas LGA, Borradori Tolsa C, Van De Ville D, Hüppi PS, Ha-Vinh Leuchter R. Impact of a mindfulness-based intervention on neurobehavioral functioning and its association with large-scale brain networks in preterm young adolescents. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024; 78:416-425. [PMID: 38757554 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.13675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
AIM Adolescents born very preterm (VPT; <32 weeks of gestation) face an elevated risk of executive, behavioral, and socioemotional difficulties. Evidence suggests beneficial effects of mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) on these abilities. This study seeks to investigate the association between the effects of MBI on executive, behavioral, and socioemotional functioning and reliable changes in large-scale brain networks dynamics during rest in VPT young adolescents who completed an 8-week MBI program. METHODS Neurobehavioral assessments and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging were performed before and after MBI in 32 VPT young adolescents. Neurobehavioral abilities in VPT participants were compared with full-term controls. In the VPT group, dynamic functional connectivity was extracted by using the innovation-driven coactivation patterns framework. The reliable change index was used to quantify change after MBI. A multivariate data-driven approach was used to explore associations between MBI-related changes on neurobehavioral measures and temporal brain dynamics. RESULTS Compared with term-born controls, VPT adolescents showed reduced executive and socioemotional functioning before MBI. After MBI, a significant improvement was observed for all measures that were previously reduced in the VPT group. The increase in executive functioning, only, was associated with reliable changes in the duration of activation of large-scale brain networks, including frontolimbic, amygdala-hippocampus, dorsolateral prefrontal, and visual networks. CONCLUSION The improvement in executive functioning after an MBI was associated with reliable changes in large-scale brain network dynamics during rest. These changes encompassed frontolimbic, amygdala-hippocampus, dorsolateral prefrontal, and visual networks that are related to different executive processes including self-regulation, attentional control, and attentional awareness of relevant sensory stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Siffredi
- Division of Development and Growth, Department of Paediatrics, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Neuro-X Institute, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maria Chiara Liverani
- Division of Development and Growth, Department of Paediatrics, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- SensoriMotor, Affective and Social Development Laboratory, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Natalia Fernandez
- Division of Development and Growth, Department of Paediatrics, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lorena G A Freitas
- Division of Development and Growth, Department of Paediatrics, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Neuro-X Institute, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Borradori Tolsa
- Division of Development and Growth, Department of Paediatrics, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Dimitri Van De Ville
- Division of Development and Growth, Department of Paediatrics, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Neuro-X Institute, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Petra Susan Hüppi
- Division of Development and Growth, Department of Paediatrics, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Russia Ha-Vinh Leuchter
- Division of Development and Growth, Department of Paediatrics, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Dagnino PC, Galadí JA, Càmara E, Deco G, Escrichs A. Inducing a meditative state by artificial perturbations: A mechanistic understanding of brain dynamics underlying meditation. Netw Neurosci 2024; 8:517-540. [PMID: 38952817 PMCID: PMC11168722 DOI: 10.1162/netn_a_00366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Contemplative neuroscience has increasingly explored meditation using neuroimaging. However, the brain mechanisms underlying meditation remain elusive. Here, we implemented a mechanistic framework to explore the spatiotemporal dynamics of expert meditators during meditation and rest, and controls during rest. We first applied a model-free approach by defining a probabilistic metastable substate (PMS) space for each condition, consisting of different probabilities of occurrence from a repertoire of dynamic patterns. Moreover, we implemented a model-based approach by adjusting the PMS of each condition to a whole-brain model, which enabled us to explore in silico perturbations to transition from resting-state to meditation and vice versa. Consequently, we assessed the sensitivity of different brain areas regarding their perturbability and their mechanistic local-global effects. Overall, our work reveals distinct whole-brain dynamics in meditation compared to rest, and how transitions can be induced with localized artificial perturbations. It motivates future work regarding meditation as a practice in health and as a potential therapy for brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Clara Dagnino
- Computational Neuroscience Group, Center for Brain and Cognition, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier A. Galadí
- Computational Neuroscience Group, Center for Brain and Cognition, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Gustavo Deco
- Computational Neuroscience Group, Center for Brain and Cognition, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de la Recerca i Estudis Avancats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anira Escrichs
- Computational Neuroscience Group, Center for Brain and Cognition, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
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Morin A, Grondin S. Mindfulness and time perception: A systematic integrative review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 162:105657. [PMID: 38583653 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Several recent studies have explored the relationships between mindfulness and time perception, an area of research that has become increasingly popular in the last 10-15 years. In this article, we present a systematic integrative review of the evidence on this subject. We also integrate the field's findings into a conceptual framework which considers the multifaceted nature of both mindfulness, and time perception research. To identify the relevant literature, we searched the following databases using relevant keywords: PsycINFO; Medline; EBSCO Host Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection; and Web of Science. These searches were last performed on the 4th of May 2022, and additional hand searches were also conducted. To be included, articles had to be in English and contain original data about the potential relationship(s) between mindfulness and time perception. Articles which did not present usable data about the relationship(s) between the variables of interest were excluded. In total, 47 research articles were included in the review (combined sample size of ∼5800 participants). Risks of bias in the selected studies were evaluated using two separate assessment tools designed for this purpose. Through an integrative narrative synthesis, this article reviews how mindfulness may relate to time perception for various reference frames, and for various time perception measures and methods. It also provides new insights by exploring how a wide range of findings can be integrated into a coherent whole, in light of some relevant time perception models and mindfulness theories. Altogether, the reviewed data suggest the existence of complex and multifaceted relationships between mindfulness and time perception, highlighting the importance of considering many factors when planning research or interpreting data in this field. Limitations of the current review include the scarceness of data for certain categories of findings, and the relatively low prevalence of studies with a randomized controlled design in the source literature. This research was partly funded by a grant from the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Morin
- École de psychologie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada.
| | - Simon Grondin
- École de psychologie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
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Koopmans L, Bruel D, de Geit E, van den Bergh R, Bouwens L, de Korte E, Wiezer N, van der Torre W. Multilevel Mindfulness: Which Organizational Factors Stimulate Mindfulness in the Workplace? J Occup Environ Med 2024; 66:e296-e305. [PMID: 38640944 DOI: 10.1097/jom.0000000000003121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine which factors in the organizational context stimulate and/or hinder employee mindfulness. Methods: Two methods were used: 1) scientific literature review, and 2) qualitative interviews with scientists, trainers, and managers. Results: The individual and the work environment interact with each other when it comes to mindfulness in the workplace. Factors at the task, team, supervisor, organizational, and context level stimulate employee mindfulness. Conclusions: Mindfulness is effective in dealing with stress but also positively impacts work-related outcomes such as engagement, concentration, and productivity. A multilevel approach can strengthen the positive effects of individual mindfulness training in the workplace, ultimately contributing to healthy workplaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Koopmans
- From the TNO, Unit Healthy Living and Work, Leiden, the Netherlands (L.K., D.B., E.d.G., R.v.d.B., L.B., E.d.K., N.W., W.v.d.T.); and Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands (L.B.)
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9
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Sala M, Schanzer S, Morris C. Mindfulness and Interoceptive Awareness: A Network Analysis. J Nerv Ment Dis 2024; 212:384-391. [PMID: 38704654 DOI: 10.1097/nmd.0000000000001779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Higher trait mindfulness is correlated with higher interoceptive awareness. However, there is a gap in understanding which mindfulness dimensions connect to which interoceptive awareness dimensions. This study ( N = 1005) used network analysis to identify central and bridge nodes driving the linkage between mindfulness and interoceptive awareness. Central nodes included trusting body sensations, feeling a sense of calm when bringing awareness to the body, the ability to refocus one's attention from thinking to sensing the body, and the ability to accept all emotions. Bridge nodes included noticing how food and drink affect thoughts, bodily sensations, and emotions; staying alert to the sensations of the body when taking a shower; and noticing and letting go of distressing thoughts and feelings. Future research studies should explore whether mindfulness-based interventions may be more effective by targeting observations of sensations related to eating and the body as well as noticing and letting go of distressing thoughts and feelings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Sala
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, Bronx, New York
| | - Sophie Schanzer
- Stern College for Women, Yeshiva University, New York, New York
| | - Claudia Morris
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, Bronx, New York
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Biao D, Umoh K, Qiguang C, Xiaole W, Ting F, Yuqian Y, Jinchao Z, Fushui L. The Role of Mindfulness Therapy in the Treatment of Chronic Pain. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2024:10.1007/s11916-024-01284-w. [PMID: 38951466 DOI: 10.1007/s11916-024-01284-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Mindfulness therapy is a widely used treatment for many diseases and has been shown to improve pain-related functions. There is growing support for the use of psychotherapy in the treatment of chronic pain. While studies have shown a positive effect of mindfulness therapy, it is important to consider psychosocial factors as there are still a small number of studies that question its effectiveness. RECENT FINDINGS Based on current studies, mindfulness therapy involves cognitive factors related to chronic pain, both in terms of cognitive production and its impact on cognitive control. Psychological and neurobasic studies were reviewed to provide a deeper understanding of these components, which include thought inhibition, attention deficit, pain catastrophizing, and self-efficacy. Mindfulness therapy has the potential to normalize psychology and nerves, and increase internal and external connectivity to work networks related to stress perception, cognition, and emotion. However, further research is needed to fully understand its effects. By exploring the relationship between mindfulness therapy and chronic pain. This review provides a new avenue for future research in psychotherapy for patients with chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deng Biao
- School of Clinical Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - KuyikAbasi Umoh
- School of Clinical Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Cao Qiguang
- Apartment of Acupotomy and Chiropractic, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Wang Xiaole
- Apartment of Acupotomy and Chiropractic, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China.
| | - Fang Ting
- Apartment of Acupotomy and Chiropractic, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Yang Yuqian
- School of Clinical Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhu Jinchao
- School of Clinical Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Liu Fushui
- Apartment of Acupotomy and Chiropractic, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China.
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Trautwein FM, Schweitzer Y, Dor-Ziderman Y, Nave O, Ataria Y, Fulder S, Berkovich-Ohana A. Suspending the Embodied Self in Meditation Attenuates Beta Oscillations in the Posterior Medial Cortex. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e1182232024. [PMID: 38760162 PMCID: PMC11211716 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1182-23.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Human experience is imbued by the sense of being an embodied agent. The investigation of such basic self-consciousness has been hampered by the difficulty of comprehensively modulating it in the laboratory while reliably capturing ensuing subjective changes. The present preregistered study fills this gap by combining advanced meditative states with principled phenomenological interviews: 46 long-term meditators (19 female, 27 male) were instructed to modulate and attenuate their embodied self-experience during magnetoencephalographic monitoring. Results showed frequency-specific (high-beta band) activity reductions in frontoparietal and posterior medial cortices (PMC). Importantly, PMC reductions were driven by a subgroup describing radical embodied self-disruptions, including suspension of agency and dissolution of a localized first-person perspective. Neural changes were correlated with lifetime meditation and interview-derived experiential changes, but not with classical self-reports. The results demonstrate the potential of integrating in-depth first-person methods into neuroscientific experiments. Furthermore, they highlight neural oscillations in the PMC as a central process supporting the embodied sense of self.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fynn-Mathis Trautwein
- Edmond Safra Brain Research Center, Faculty of Education, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau 79104, Germany
| | - Yoav Schweitzer
- Edmond Safra Brain Research Center, Faculty of Education, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
- The Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center (IBBRC), University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
- Department of Learning, Instruction and Teacher Education, Faculty of Education, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - Yair Dor-Ziderman
- Edmond Safra Brain Research Center, Faculty of Education, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
- The Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center (IBBRC), University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - Ohad Nave
- Department of Cognitive Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190501, Israel
| | - Yochai Ataria
- Psychology Department, Tel-Hai Academic College, Qiryat Shemona 1220800, Israel
| | - Stephen Fulder
- The Israel Insight Society (Tovana), R.D. Izrael 1933500, Israel
| | - Aviva Berkovich-Ohana
- Edmond Safra Brain Research Center, Faculty of Education, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
- The Integrated Brain and Behavior Research Center (IBBRC), University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
- Department of Learning, Instruction and Teacher Education, Faculty of Education, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
- Department of Counseling and Human Development, Faculty of Education, University of Haifa, Haifa 3498838, Israel
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12
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Haag FB, Resende E Silva DT, Antunes CS, Waclawovsky G, Lucchese-Lobato F. Effects of circuit training and Yoga on biochemical and psychological responses to stress and cardiovascular markers: A randomized clinical trial with nursing and medical students in Southern Brazil. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2024; 167:107110. [PMID: 38954979 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2024.107110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
A Randomized Controlled Trial involving 158 Brazilian medical and nursing students assessed one of three conditions over an 8-week period: 1) a circuit training protocol (CTG); 2) a yoga protocol (YG); or 3) no intervention (CG). The objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of circuit training and yoga protocols in reducing perceived mental stress and examining their effects on serum cortisol levels, as well as on traditional cardiovascular risk factors (CRFs), during an academic semester. Mental stress was measured using self-reported stress questionnaires. For the CTG, comparisons of pre- vs. post-intervention data indicated a reduction in self-reported stress levels on a Brazilian scale (p < 0.001) and an international scale (p < 0.05). Regarding CRFs, there was a reduction in waist circumference (WC) (p < 0.05), systolic blood pressure (SBP) (p < 0.05), and heart rate (HR) (p < 0.001). No changes were observed in diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (p = 0.211) and serum cortisol (SC) (p = 0.423). In the YG, pre- vs. post-intervention data indicated a reduction in self-reported stress levels on the ISSL (p < 0.001), in both resistance and exhaustion stress levels on the PSS scale (p < 0.001), and in SC levels (p < 0.001), WC (p < 0.05), and SBP (p < 0.05); however, HR and DBP did not change (p = 0.168 and p = 0.07, respectively) in this group. No changes were noted in any measures in the CG. The intervention protocols demonstrated that both CTG and YG can positively impact mental or biochemical stress responses, as well as CRFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Brum Haag
- Nursing Department, Federal University of Fronteira Sul (UFFS), Chapecó, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Débora Tavares Resende E Silva
- Department of Graduate Studies in Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Fronteira Sul (UFFS), Chapecó, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Gustavo Waclawovsky
- Institute of Cardiology of Rio Grande do Sul/University Foundation of Cardiology, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Lucchese-Lobato
- Institute of Cardiology of Rio Grande do Sul/University Foundation of Cardiology, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York, NY, USA; Santo Antônio Children's Hospital, Sr. Santa Casa de Misericórdia, Porto Alegre, Brazil, New York, NY, USA.
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Greig L, Coundouris SP, Randhir S, Henry JD, Baghaei N. Receiving self-compassion in the virtual world: Testing the potential value of biofeedback. Behav Res Ther 2024; 180:104596. [PMID: 38896949 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2024.104596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Self-compassion training has been shown to deliver mental health benefits and preliminary evidence suggests it might also be possible to deliver these benefits effectively via virtual reality (VR) technology. However, which features of the VR training environment influence these training benefits remains poorly understood. This study was designed to provide the first empirical test of the potential value of visual biofeedback during self-compassion training. It was theorised that the provision of biofeedback may increase the benefits of training by increasing mindfulness, a core component of self-compassion. Sixty participants were randomly allocated to one of two experimental conditions, both of which comprised VR-based self-compassion training, but only one of which included visual biofeedback (a red pulsating light representing heart rate). Relative to scores at baseline, participants reported greater self-compassion, and lower self-criticism, anxiety, and stress after VR self-compassion training. However, the provision of biofeedback did not influence the strength of these training effects. These data provide further evidence that VR administered self-compassion training may deliver potentially important mental health benefits, but also meaningfully extends this literature by proving the first evidence that visual biofeedback does not influence the strength of these benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lachlan Greig
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia.
| | | | - Swaraj Randhir
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Julie D Henry
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Nilufar Baghaei
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
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14
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Fedeli D, Ciullo G, Demichelis G, Medina Carrion JP, Bruzzone MG, Ciusani E, Erbetta A, Ferraro S, Grisoli M, Guastafierro E, D'Amico D, Raggi A, Nigri A, Grazzi L. Longitudinal neurofunctional changes in medication overuse headache patients after mindfulness practice in a randomized controlled trial (the MIND-CM study). J Headache Pain 2024; 25:97. [PMID: 38858629 PMCID: PMC11165872 DOI: 10.1186/s10194-024-01803-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mindfulness practice has gained interest in the management of Chronic Migraine associated with Medication Overuse Headache (CM-MOH). Mindfulness is characterized by present-moment self-awareness and relies on attention control and emotion regulation, improving headache-related pain management. Mindfulness modulates the Default Mode Network (DMN), Salience Network (SN), and Fronto-Parietal Network (FPN) functional connectivity. However, the neural mechanisms underlying headache-related pain management with mindfulness are still unclear. In this study, we tested neurofunctional changes after mindfulness practice added to pharmacological treatment as usual in CM-MOH patients. METHODS The present study is a longitudinal phase-III single-blind Randomized Controlled Trial (MIND-CM study; NCT03671681). Patients had a diagnosis of CM-MOH, no history of neurological and severe psychiatric comorbidities, and were attending our specialty headache centre. Patients were divided in Treatment as Usual (TaU) and mindfulness added to TaU (TaU + MIND) groups. Patients underwent a neuroimaging and clinical assessment before the treatment and after one year. Longitudinal comparisons of DMN, SN, and FPN connectivity were performed between groups and correlated with clinical changes. Vertex-wise analysis was performed to assess cortical thickness changes. RESULTS 177 CM-MOH patients were randomized to either TaU group or TaU + MIND group. Thirty-four patients, divided in 17 TaU and 17 TaU + MIND, completed the neuroimaging follow-up. At the follow-up, both groups showed an improvement in most clinical variables, whereas only TaU + MIND patients showed a significant headache frequency reduction (p = 0.028). After one year, TaU + MIND patients showed greater SN functional connectivity with the left posterior insula (p-FWE = 0.007) and sensorimotor cortex (p-FWE = 0.026). In TaU + MIND patients only, greater SN-insular connectivity was associated with improved depression scores (r = -0.51, p = 0.038). A longitudinal increase in cortical thickness was observed in the insular cluster in these patients (p = 0.015). Increased anterior cingulate cortex thickness was also reported in TaU + MIND group (p-FWE = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Increased SN-insular connectivity might modulate chronic pain perception and the management of negative emotions. Enhanced SN-sensorimotor connectivity could reflect improved body-awareness of painful sensations. Expanded cingulate cortex thickness might sustain improved cognitive processing of nociceptive information. Our findings unveil the therapeutic potential of mindfulness and the underlying neural mechanisms in CM-MOH patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION Name of Registry; MIND-CM study; Registration Number ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT0367168; Registration Date: 14/09/2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Fedeli
- Department of Neuroradiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Via Celoria 11, Milano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ciullo
- Department of Neuroradiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Via Celoria 11, Milano, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Volturno 39, Parma, 43125, Italy
| | - Greta Demichelis
- Department of Neuroradiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Via Celoria 11, Milano, Italy
| | - Jean Paul Medina Carrion
- Department of Neuroradiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Via Celoria 11, Milano, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Bruzzone
- Department of Neuroradiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Via Celoria 11, Milano, Italy
| | - Emilio Ciusani
- Department of Diagnostic and Technology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandra Erbetta
- Department of Neuroradiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Via Celoria 11, Milano, Italy
| | - Stefania Ferraro
- Department of Neuroradiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Via Celoria 11, Milano, Italy
- School of Life Science and Technology, MOE Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Marina Grisoli
- Department of Neuroradiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Via Celoria 11, Milano, Italy
| | - Erika Guastafierro
- Neurology, Public Health and Disability Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
| | - Domenico D'Amico
- Neuroalgology Unit and Headache Center, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
| | - Alberto Raggi
- Neurology, Public Health and Disability Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
| | - Anna Nigri
- Department of Neuroradiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Via Celoria 11, Milano, Italy.
| | - Licia Grazzi
- Neuroalgology Unit and Headache Center, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
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15
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Bland AR, Barraclough M, Trender WR, Mehta MA, Hellyer PJ, Hampshire A, Penner IK, Elliott R, Harenwall S. Profiles of objective and subjective cognitive function in Post-COVID Syndrome, COVID-19 recovered, and COVID-19 naïve individuals. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13368. [PMID: 38862569 PMCID: PMC11166972 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62050-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Post-COVID Syndrome has emerged as a significant public health concern worldwide with increasing evidence to suggest that individuals who have had an acute COVID-19 infection report lingering memory and attention difficulties, even in individuals who have fully recovered and no longer experiencing symptoms of COVID-19. The present study sought to investigate the profile of objective and subjective cognitive difficulties in people who have Post-COVID Syndrome, people who have fully recovered from an acute COVID infection and people who have never had COVID-19. We further sought to explore the extent to which self-reported fatigue and stress are related to subjective and objective cognitive difficulties. 162 participants including 50 people living with Post-COVID Syndrome, 59 people who have had COVID-19 but have fully recovered and 53 people who have never experienced symptoms of COVID-19 and had never tested positive for COVID-19 were recruited from Academic Prolific to complete a series of online questionnaires and neurocognitive tasks. Subjective cognitive function was measured using the Cognitive Failures Questionnaire and objective cognitive function was measured using the Cognitron cognitive test battery. We found that objective and subjective measures of cognitive function were not significantly related, suggesting that self-reports of "brain fog" are not reflecting objectively measured cognitive dysfunction. A MANOVA revealed that subjective cognitive deficits were driven by heightened perceived stress and fatigue and not significantly related to COVID-19 status. Objective cognitive function, however, was significantly related to perceived stress and COVID status whereby we observed significant objective cognitive deficits in people who have been exposed to an acute COVID-19 infection regardless of whether they had Post-COVID Syndrome or had fully recovered, as compared to people who had never had COVID-19. This suggests that an acute infection can have long term effects on cognitive function, even without persistent COVID-19 symptoms. Encouragingly, objective cognitive function was significantly associated with time since initial infection showing that cognitive deficits improved over time for people who had recovered from COVID-19. However, we did not observe the same improvement in individuals with Post-COVID Syndrome and observed that cognitive dysfunction was significantly related to the number of neurological symptoms presently experienced. These results add to the accumulating literature that COVID-19 is associated with significant cognitive difficulties following a COVID-19 infection, which appear to improve over time for those who have recovered from COVID-19 yet persist in people living with Post-COVID Syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Bland
- Department of Psychology, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK.
| | - M Barraclough
- Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - W R Trender
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - M A Mehta
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - P J Hellyer
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - A Hampshire
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - I K Penner
- Department of Neurology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - R Elliott
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - S Harenwall
- Primary Care Wellbeing Service, Bradford District Care NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, UK
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16
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Xiao J, Adkinson JA, Allawala AB, Banks G, Bartoli E, Fan X, Mocchi M, Pascuzzi B, Pulapaka S, Franch MC, Mathew SJ, Mathura RK, Myers J, Pirtle V, Provenza NR, Shofty B, Watrous AJ, Pitkow X, Goodman WK, Pouratian N, Sheth S, Bijanki KR, Hayden BY. Insula uses overlapping codes for emotion in self and others. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.04.596966. [PMID: 38895233 PMCID: PMC11185604 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.04.596966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
In daily life, we must recognize others' emotions so we can respond appropriately. This ability may rely, at least in part, on neural responses similar to those associated with our own emotions. We hypothesized that the insula, a cortical region near the junction of the temporal, parietal, and frontal lobes, may play a key role in this process. We recorded local field potential (LFP) activity in human neurosurgical patients performing two tasks, one focused on identifying their own emotional response and one on identifying facial emotional responses in others. We found matching patterns of gamma- and high-gamma band activity for the two tasks in the insula. Three other regions (MTL, ACC, and OFC) clearly encoded both self- and other-emotions, but used orthogonal activity patterns to do so. These results support the hypothesis that the insula plays a particularly important role in mediating between experienced vs. observed emotions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayang Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
| | - Joshua A. Adkinson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
| | | | - Garrett Banks
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
| | - Eleonora Bartoli
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
| | - Xiaoxu Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
| | - Madaline Mocchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
| | - Bailey Pascuzzi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
| | - Suhruthaa Pulapaka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
| | - Melissa C. Franch
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
| | - Sanjay J. Mathew
- Department of Psychiatry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
| | - Raissa K. Mathura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
| | - John Myers
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
| | - Victoria Pirtle
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
| | - Nicole R Provenza
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
| | - Ben Shofty
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
| | - Andrew J. Watrous
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
| | - Xaq Pitkow
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
| | - Wayne K. Goodman
- Department of Psychiatry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
| | - Nader Pouratian
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, 75390
| | - Sameer Sheth
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
| | - Kelly R. Bijanki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
| | - Benjamin Y. Hayden
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030
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17
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Ni H, Wang H, Ma X, Li S, Liu C, Song X, Potenza MN, Dong GH. Efficacy and Neural Mechanisms of Mindfulness Meditation Among Adults With Internet Gaming Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e2416684. [PMID: 38888924 PMCID: PMC11185988 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.16684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-5-TR), recently identified internet gaming disorder (IGD) as a condition warranting more research, and few empirically validated treatments exist. Mindfulness meditation (MM) has multiple health benefits; however, its efficacy in treating IGD and potential neural mechanisms underlying MM treatment of the disorder remain largely unknown. Objective To explore the efficacy of MM used to treat adults with IGD and to identify neural mechanisms underlying MM. Design, Setting, and Participants This randomized clinical trial was performed from October 1 to November 30, 2023, at Hangzhou Normal University in Hangzhou, China. Adults (aged ≥18 years) who met at least 6 of the 9 DSM-5-TR proposed criteria for IGD were recruited to receive either MM or progressive muscle relaxation (PMR). Data analysis was performed on December 1, 2023. Intervention Participants underwent MM training (an 8-session meditation program that focuses on attention and acceptance) and PMR training (an 8-time program for body relaxation) delivered in groups that met 2 times each week for 4 weeks. Main Outcomes and Measures This per-protocol analysis included only participants who finished the pretest assessment, 8 training sessions, and posttest assessment. The main outcomes were addiction severity (measured with the DSM-5-TR proposed criteria for IGD and with Internet Addiction Test scores), gaming craving (measured with Questionnaire for Gaming Urges scores), and blood oxygen level-dependent signals assessed with cue-craving tasks on fMRI. Behavioral and brain measurements were compared using analysis of variance. Functional connectivity (FC) among identified brain regions was measured to test connectivity changes associated with MM. Results This study included 64 adults with IGD. A total of 32 participants received MM (mean [SD] age, 20.3 [1.9] years; 17 women [53%]) and 32 received PMR (mean [SD] age, 20.2 [1.5] years; 16 women [50%]). The severity of IGD decreased in the MM group (pretest vs posttest: mean [SD], 7.0 [1.1] vs 3.6 [0.8]; P < .001) and in the PMR group (mean [SD], 7.1 [0.9] vs 6.0 [0.9]; P = .04). The MM group had a greater decrease in IGD severity than the PMR group (mean [SD] score change for the MM group vs the PMR group, -3.6 [0.3] vs -1.1 [0.2]; P < .001). Mindfulness meditation was associated with decreased brain activation in the bilateral lentiform nuclei (r = 0.40; 95% CI, 0.19 to 0.60; P = .02), insula (r = 0.35; 95% CI, 0.09 to 0.60; P = .047), and medial frontal gyrus (MFG; r = 0.43; 95% CI, 0.16 to 0.70; P = .01). Increased MFG-lentiform FC and decreased craving (pretest vs posttest: mean [SD], 58.8 [15.7] vs 33.6 [12.0]; t = -8.66; ƞ2 = 0.30; P < .001) was observed after MM, and changes in MFG-lentiform FC mediated the relationship between increased mindfulness and decreased craving (mediate effect, -0.17; 95% CI, -0.32 to -0.08; P = .03). Conclusions and Relevance In this study, MM was more effective in decreasing addiction severity and gaming cravings compared with PMR. These findings indicate that MM may be an effective treatment for IGD and may exert its effects by altering frontopallidal pathways. Trial Registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry Identifier: ChiCTR2300075869.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haosen Ni
- Department of Psychology, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China
| | - Huabin Wang
- Department of Psychology, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China
- Institutes of Psychological Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuefeng Ma
- Department of Psychology, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China
- Institutes of Psychological Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Psychology, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China
- Institutes of Psychological Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chang Liu
- NuanCun Mindful-Living Mindfulness Center, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolan Song
- Center of Mindfulness, School of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Marc N. Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry and the Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
- Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield
| | - Guang-Heng Dong
- Department of Psychology, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China
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18
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Lin Y, White ML, Viravan N, Braver TS. Parsing state mindfulness effects on neurobehavioral markers of cognitive control: A within-subject comparison of focused attention and open monitoring. COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2024; 24:527-551. [PMID: 38351398 PMCID: PMC11081826 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-024-01167-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Over the past two decades, scientific interest in understanding the relationship between mindfulness and cognition has accelerated. However, despite considerable investigative efforts, pervasive methodological inconsistencies within the literature preclude a thorough understanding of whether or how mindfulness influences core cognitive functions. The purpose of the current study is to provide an initial "proof-of-concept" demonstration of a new research strategy and methodological approach designed to address previous limitations. Specifically, we implemented a novel fully within-subject state induction protocol to elucidate the neurobehavioral influence of discrete mindfulness states-focused attention (FA) and open monitoring (OM), compared against an active control-on well-established behavioral and ERP indices of executive attention and error monitoring assessed during the Eriksen flanker task. Bayesian mixed modeling was used to test preregistered hypotheses pertaining to FA and OM effects on flanker interference, the stimulus-locked P3, and the response-locked ERN and Pe. Results yielded strong but unexpected evidence that OM selectively produced a more cautious and intentional response style, characterized by higher accuracy, slower RTs, and reduced P3 amplitude. Follow-up exploratory analyses revealed that trait mindfulness moderated the influence of OM, such that individuals with greater trait mindfulness responded more cautiously and exhibited higher trial accuracy and smaller P3s. Neither FA nor OM modulated the ERN or Pe. Taken together, our findings support the promise of our approach, demonstrating that theoretically distinct mindfulness states are functionally dissociable among mindfulness-naive participants and that interactive variability associated with different operational facets of mindfulness (i.e., state vs. trait) can be modeled directly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Lin
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Marne L White
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Natee Viravan
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Todd S Braver
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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19
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Kelechi TJ, Layne D, Mueller M, Madisetti M, Balasubramanian S. Feasibility and Preliminary Impact of a Web-Based Mind Body Intervention for Older Dementia Caregivers. West J Nurs Res 2024; 46:416-427. [PMID: 38655852 DOI: 10.1177/01939459241247926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mind-body interventions focused on intentional breathing and movement have been found to mitigate the negative effects of caregiving such as such as stress, psychosocial distress, and emotional distress associated for persons living with Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. OBJECTIVE The objective was to assess the feasibility and acceptability and preliminary impacts of our 12-week mind body intervention "Gentle Yoga and Yogic Breathing" for caregivers of persons living with dementia on health outcomes including mutuality, depression and anxiety, loneliness and social support, quality of life, and physical function. METHODS We conducted a single-group cohort study in which 20 caregivers were enrolled. Data were collected at baseline and at the 12-week post-intervention endpoint. RESULTS The intervention was acceptable; 75% (n = 15/20) completed the study; 16 completed post-study questionnaires. Very few experienced technical issues; 31% (n = 3) most commonly reported as poor internet connectivity, 75% (n = 12/16) perceived a health benefit, 88% (n = 14/16) perceived improved day-to-day mood, and 100% (n = 16/16) would recommend the intervention to other caregivers. Although there was minimal change from baseline to 12 weeks, for health outcomes, there were very small improvements noted in anxiety and overall health. There were no reported adverse events. CONCLUSION The intervention was well received and is feasible and acceptable for future studies of stress and health management interventions for caregivers of persons living with dementia.Registered with https://www.ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03853148).
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa J Kelechi
- College of Nursing, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Diana Layne
- College of Nursing, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Martina Mueller
- College of Nursing, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Mohan Madisetti
- College of Nursing, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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20
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Zainal NH, Newman MG. Mindfulness enhances cognitive functioning: a meta-analysis of 111 randomized controlled trials. Health Psychol Rev 2024; 18:369-395. [PMID: 37578065 PMCID: PMC10902202 DOI: 10.1080/17437199.2023.2248222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Currently no comprehensive meta-analysis of MBI efficacy on global and unique cognitive subdomains exist. METHOD Examined the effects of MBIs on global cognition and 15 cognitive subdomains. Inclusion criteria: meditation naïve participants; randomized controlled trial; outcome included one objective or subjective cognitive functioning measure; primary focus was teaching mindfulness skills. Exclusion criteria: inadequate data; one-session ; control condition contained any MBI component. Robust variance estimation and moderator analyses controlling for presence of treatment fidelity were conducted. RESULTS One-hundred-and-eleven RCTs (n = 9,538) met eligibility criteria. MBIs had small-to-moderate significant effects on global cognition, executive attention, working memory accuracy, inhibition accuracy, shifting accuracy, sustained attention, and subjective cognitive functioning (vs. waitlist/no-treatment, g = 0.257-0.643; vs. active controls, g = 0.192-0.394). MBIs did not impact executive functioning (EF) latency indices, verbal fluency, processing speed, episodic memory, and cognitive error. Treatment effects were stronger for those with elevated psychiatric symptoms vs. healthy controls, and medical samples, studies with complete-case (vs. intention-to-treat) analysis, face-to-face (vs. self-guided) delivery, and non-standard (vs. standard MBI). CONCLUSION MBIs consistently yielded small-to-moderate yet practically meaningful effect sizes on global cognition and six cognitive subdomains that captured accuracy vs. latency-based indices of EF and sustained accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Hani Zainal
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michelle G Newman
- Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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21
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Tung KM, Su Y, Kang YN, Hou WH, Hoang KD, Chen KH, Chen C. Effects of mindfulness-based preoperative intervention for patients undergoing elective surgery: A meta-analysis. J Psychosom Res 2024; 181:111666. [PMID: 38657565 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2024.111666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients often experience pain and psychological distress when undergoing elective surgeries. Mindfulness-based interventions have been proposed as potential strategies to address these challenges. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the efficacy of preoperative mindfulness-based interventions on several outcomes for patients undergoing elective surgery, including preoperative anxiety/depression, postoperative anxiety/depression, postoperative pain, and quality of life (QOL). METHODS This meta-analysis encompassed randomized controlled trials published in the database PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase to August 2023. Mindfulness-based interventions were compared to control groups, who received treatment as usual (TAU). The RevMan software was employed to assess each outcome by using standardized mean difference based on patient-reported data. Subgroup analyses were further performed according to different categories of surgical types. RESULTS Eight RCTs with a total of 685 patients were identified. This meta-analysis demonstrated significant difference in preoperative anxiety (SMD:-0.36, 95% CI: -0.62 to -0.11, p = .006) and postoperative pain immediately (SMD:-0.65,95% CI: -1.09 to -0.20, p = .004), 2-3 days (SMD:-0.40, 95% CI:-0.78 to -0.02, p = .04),at 14 days (SMD:-0.48,95% CI: -0.85 to -0.12, p = .009) and 28 days (SMD:-0.89,95% CI: -1.55 to -0.23, p = .008) postoperatively. However, there were no differences between postoperative anxiety, preoperative/postoperative depression, and QOL. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest preoperative mindfulness-based interventions can effectively manage preoperative anxiety and postoperative pain in patients scheduled for elective surgery. Further research is warranted to explore the different timing and types of mindfulness-based intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuang-Mou Tung
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yunjhen Su
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-No Kang
- Cochrane Taiwan, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Health Policy and Management, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hsuan Hou
- Cochrane Taiwan, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Khanh Dinh Hoang
- Hai Phong University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Department of Histopathology, Hai Phong, Viet Nam
| | - Kee-Hsin Chen
- Cochrane Taiwan, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Post-Baccalaureate Program in Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Research Center in Nursing Clinical Practice, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Evidence-Based Knowledge Translation Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Chiehfeng Chen
- Cochrane Taiwan, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Evidence-Based Medicine Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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22
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Baminiwatta A, Fernando R, Solangaarachchi I, Abayabandara-Herath T, Wickremasinghe AR, Hapangama A. Improving psychological well-being among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic with an online mindfulness intervention: A randomised waitlist-controlled trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2024; 59:410-418. [PMID: 38355927 DOI: 10.1002/ijop.13118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
The high prevalence of psychological problems observed among healthcare workers (HCWs) during the COVID-19 pandemic called for interventions to safeguard their mental health. We assessed the effectiveness of a 6-week online mindfulness-based intervention in improving well-being and reducing stress among HCWs in Sri Lanka. Eighty HCWs were recruited and randomised into two groups: waitlist-control (WLC) and intervention groups. In the intervention, 1-hour online sessions were conducted at weekly intervals and participants were encouraged to do daily home practice. Stress and well-being were measured pre- and post-intervention using the Perceived Stress Scale and WHO-5 Well-being Index, respectively. One-way analysis of covariance was used to evaluate the effectiveness, in both intention-to-treat (ITT) and complete-case (CC) analyses. A significantly greater improvement in well-being occurred in the intervention arm compared to WLC on both ITT (p = .002) and CC analyses (p < .001), with medium-to-large effect sizes (partial η2 = .117-.278). However, the reduction in stress following the intervention was not significant compared to the WLC group on both ITT (p = .636) and CC analyses (p = .262). In the intervention arm, the median number of sessions attended by participants was 3. Low adherence to the intervention may have contributed to the apparent non-significant effect on stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Baminiwatta
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka
| | - Roshan Fernando
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka
| | | | | | | | - Aruni Hapangama
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka
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23
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Niedernhuber M, Schroeder AC, Lercher C, Bruegger M, Prates de Matos NM, Noreika V, Lenggenhager B. An interhemispheric frontoparietal network supports hypnotic states. Cortex 2024; 177:180-193. [PMID: 38865762 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2024.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the neural substrate of altered conscious states is an important cultural, scientific, and clinical endeavour. Although hypnosis causes strong shifts in conscious perception and cognition, it remains largely unclear how hypnosis affects information processing in cortical networks. Here we manipulated the depth of hypnotic states to study information processing between cortical regions involved in attention and awareness. We used high-density Electroencephalography (EEG) to record resting-state cortical activity from 30 hypnosis experts during two hypnotic states with different depth. Each participant entered a light and a deep hypnotic state as well as two well-matched control states. Bridging top-down and lateralisation models of hypnosis, we found that interhemispheric frontoparietal connectivity distinguished hypnosis and control conditions, while no difference was found between the two hypnotic states. Using a graph-theoretic measure, we revealed that the amount of information passing through individual nodes (measured via betweenness centrality) is reduced during hypnosis relative to control states. Finally, we found that theta power was enhanced during hypnosis. Our result contributes to the current discussion around a role for theta power in bringing about hypnotic states, as well as other altered conscious states. Overall, our findings support the notion that altered top-down control in frontoparietal regions facilitates hypnosis by integrating information between cortical hemispheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Niedernhuber
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Downing Pl, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Binzmuehlestrasse 14, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | | | - Céline Lercher
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Binzmuehlestrasse 14, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mike Bruegger
- Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Plattenstrasse 11, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Valdas Noreika
- Department of Psychology, School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bigna Lenggenhager
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Binzmuehlestrasse 14, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Psychology, University of Konstanzs, Universitätsstraße 10, Konstanz, Germany
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24
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Kalenzaga S, Clarys D. [Les effets de la méditation de pleine conscience sur les symptômes cognitivo- émotionnels dans le trouble cognitif léger et la maladie d'Alzheimer : une revue de littérature narrative]. Can J Aging 2024; 43:217-229. [PMID: 38130165 DOI: 10.1017/s0714980823000612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
La maladie d'Alzheimer se manifeste par des troubles de la mémoire et un déclin cognitif plus général, le plus souvent associés à des troubles de l'humeur et du comportement. Les traitements médicamenteux ayant une efficacité assez modeste, il apparaît nécessaire de leur associer une prise en charge non pharmacologique. La méditation de pleine conscience, qui a des effets bénéfiques sur le fonctionnement cognitif et sur l'état émotionnel, semble être une piste intéressante. Cette revue de littérature narrative se propose de recenser les études ayant testé l'efficacité d'une intervention basée sur la pleine conscience auprès de personnes souffrant de la maladie d'Alzheimer ou à risque de développer cette maladie. Il apparaît que ces interventions présentent un intérêt pour réduire les symptômes cognitifs (troubles attentionnels et mnésiques notamment) et émotionnels (affects dépressifs et anxiété en particulier). Cependant, elles nécessitent un certain nombre de modifications pour être adaptées à ce public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Kalenzaga
- UMR-CNRS 7295 Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition et l'Apprentissage, Université de Poitiers, 5, rue Théodore Lefebvre, 86000 Poitiers, France
| | - David Clarys
- UMR-CNRS 7295 Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition et l'Apprentissage, Université de Tours, 3 rue des Tanneurs, B.P. 4103, 37041 Tours Cedex 1
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25
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Yang WF, Sparby T, Wright M, Kim E, Sacchet MD. Volitional mental absorption in meditation: Toward a scientific understanding of advanced concentrative absorption meditation and the case of jhana. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31223. [PMID: 38803854 PMCID: PMC11129010 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Meditation has been integral to human culture for millennia, deeply rooted in various spiritual and contemplative traditions. While the field of contemplative science has made significant steps toward understanding the effects of meditation on health and well-being, there has been little study of advanced meditative states, including those achieved through intense concentration and absorption. We refer to these types of states as advanced concentrative absorption meditation (ACAM), characterized by absorption with the meditation object leading to states of heightened attention, clarity, energy, effortlessness, and bliss. This review focuses on a type of ACAM known as jhana (ACAM-J) due to its well-documented history, systematic practice approach, recurring phenomenological themes, and growing popularity among contemplative scientists and more generally in media and society. ACAM-J encompasses eight layers of deep concentration, awareness, and internal experiences. Here, we describe the phenomenology of ACAM-J and present evidence from phenomenological and neuroscientific studies that highlight their potential applications in contemplative practices, psychological sciences, and therapeutics. We additionally propose theoretical ACAM-J frameworks grounded in current cognitive neuroscientific understanding of meditation and ancient contemplative traditions. We aim to stimulate further research on ACAM more broadly, encompassing advanced meditation including meditative development and meditative endpoints. Studying advanced meditation including ACAM, and specific practices such as ACAM-J, can potentially revolutionize our understanding of consciousness and applications for mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winson F.Z. Yang
- Meditation Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Terje Sparby
- Steiner University College, 0260, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Psychology and Psychotherapy, Witten/Herdecke University, 58448, Witten, Germany
- Integrated Curriculum for Anthroposophic Psychology, Witten/Herdecke University, 58448, Witten, Germany
| | - Malcolm Wright
- School of Communication, Journalism and Marketing, Massey University, Albany, New Zealand
| | - Eunmi Kim
- Center for Contemplative Science, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Matthew D. Sacchet
- Meditation Research Program, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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26
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Mingxuan W, Ting H, Chenqi Z, Ningning Z, Hao C, Hongtao Z, Shuo L, Yang G. Using a Biofeedback-Based Mindfulness Practice System to Enhance Mindfulness and Alleviate Anxiety in College Students: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Games Health J 2024. [PMID: 38808471 DOI: 10.1089/g4h.2024.0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: College students experience intense anxiety, for which biofeedback mindfulness techniques show effectiveness in relief. However, typical biofeedback products often lead to user fatigue and boredom because of a single or fixed feedback and lack of focus on mindfulness enhancement. Materials and Methods: In this research, we developed Mindjourney, a VR-based respiratory feedback mindfulness system, designed to enhance mindfulness and alleviate anxiety through continuous/noncontinuous feedback and nonjudgmental reward/punishment for self-perception and attention management. A randomized controlled trial involved 72 college students, split equally into short-term (n = 34, age: 23.11 ± 1.729) and 4-week long-term (n = 38, age: 24.12 ± 1.408) groups, with equal randomization for intervention and control groups. Pre/postintervention tests were measured by using Trait Anxiety Inventory (TAI) and Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) for long-term groups and Galvanic Skin Response and State Anxiety Inventory (SAI) for short-term groups. Results: Results showed that the long-term intervention group showed a significant increase in mindfulness (P = 0.001 for FFMQ total score). Furthermore, observe and act with awareness subscales showed significant increase after intervention (P = 0.034 for observe, P < 0.001 for act with awareness) compared with the control group. Both intervention groups demonstrated a significant decrease in anxiety levels compared with the control groups (P = 0.049 for SAI, P = 0.01 for TAI). Moreover, participants expressed high interest in this biofeedback mindfulness system and willingness for long-term usage. Conclusion: The proposed biofeedback mindfulness practice system could potentially facilitate mindfulness practice and serve as a convenient tool for anxiety relief in campus college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Mingxuan
- School of Design, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Ting
- School of Design, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Medical Robotics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhang Chenqi
- School of Design, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao Ningning
- School of Design, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Hao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Hongtao
- School of Design, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Shuo
- School of Design, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ge Yang
- School of Design, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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27
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Dhawan V, Malhotra N, Singh N, Dadhwal V, Dada R. Yoga and its effect on sperm genomic integrity, gene expression, telomere length and perceived quality of life in early pregnancy loss. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11711. [PMID: 38777848 PMCID: PMC11111444 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62380-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Achieving successful pregnancy outcomes is a delicate interplay between the maternal and the fetal counterparts. Paternal factors play a critical role in health and disease of offspring. Early pregnancy loss (EPL) is a psychologically devastating condition affecting the quality of life (QOL). Thus, it needs to be managed by a mind body integrated approach like yoga.The prospective single arm exploratory studyincluded male partners of couples experiencing recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL, n = 30), and recurrent implantation failure (RIF, n = 30) and semen samples wereassessed at the beginning and completion of yoga (6 weeks) (WHO 2010).A significant increase in the sperm concentration, motility, decrease in seminal ROS, DFI and increase in relative sperm telomere length was found at the end of yoga. The relative expression of genes critical for early embryonic developmentnormalized towards the levels of controls. WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire scores to assess QOL also showed improvement.Integration of regular practice yoga into our lifestyle may help in improving seminal redox status, genomic integrity, telomere length, normalizing gene expression and QOL, highlighting the need to use an integrated, holistic approach in management of such cases. This is pertinent for decreasing the transmission of mutation and epimutation load to the developing embryo, improving pregnancy outcomes and decreasing genetic and epigenetic disease burden in the next generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidhu Dhawan
- Department of Anatomy, Laboratory of Molecular Reproduction and Genetics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Neena Malhotra
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Neeta Singh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vatsla Dadhwal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rima Dada
- Department of Anatomy, Laboratory of Molecular Reproduction and Genetics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India.
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28
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Shoker D, Desmet L, Ledoux N, Héron A. Effects of standardized mindfulness programs on burnout: a systematic review and original analysis from randomized controlled trials. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1381373. [PMID: 38841654 PMCID: PMC11151852 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1381373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), burnout is a syndrome conceptualized as resulting from chronic occupational stress that has not been successfully managed. It is characterized by emotional exhaustion, cynicism toward work, and a lack of personal accomplishment at work. Recent WHO guidelines on mental health suggest that mindfulness could have beneficial effects in a professional environment, but to the best of our knowledge, there is currently no study that has made a large inventory of research focused specifically on the effects of standardized programs on burnout. Which professional populations have already been studied? What are the characteristics of the programs? Have studies shown a significant effect and on what indicator? Objective To assess the effects of standardized programs of mindfulness on burnout, we carried out a systematic review using an exhaustive inventory of the international literature based on randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Methods The articles were selected according to PRISMA recommendations. The Embase, PubMed/MEDLINE, EBSCOhost, HAL databases were searched with the keywords "mindfulness," "burnout," and "randomized" in the title and abstract of each article. The data were all collected in an Excel spreadsheet and analyzed in pivot tables, which were then presented in graphs and maps. Results A total of 49 RCTs were thus selected, the majority of which were of good methodological quality, of American origin (43% of studies), concerned professionals in the health sector (64% of participants included), and mostly women (76%). The RCTs assessed the effects of 31 different mindfulness programs, mostly with the Maslach Burnout Inventory (78% of RCTs). More than two-thirds of RCTs (67%) showed a significant beneficial effect on burnout measurement indicators, with emotional exhaustion being the most impacted component. Conclusion This systematic review shows that mindfulness-based interventions could be approaches of choice to prevent emotional distress of burnout. Further studies are still needed to determine which type of program is best suited to impact the two other components of burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dyna Shoker
- Unité de Recherche Clinique ARC EN CIEL UF657-Centre Hospitalier Victor Jousselin-GHT HOPE Les Hôpitaux Publics Euréliens, Dreux, France
- Cabinet médical de la gare de Nyon, Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Laura Desmet
- Unité de Recherche Clinique ARC EN CIEL UF657-Centre Hospitalier Victor Jousselin-GHT HOPE Les Hôpitaux Publics Euréliens, Dreux, France
| | - Nelly Ledoux
- Unité de Recherche Clinique ARC EN CIEL UF657-Centre Hospitalier Victor Jousselin-GHT HOPE Les Hôpitaux Publics Euréliens, Dreux, France
| | - Anne Héron
- Unité de Recherche Clinique ARC EN CIEL UF657-Centre Hospitalier Victor Jousselin-GHT HOPE Les Hôpitaux Publics Euréliens, Dreux, France
- Faculté de Santé - Pharmacie, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
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29
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Dziego CA, Bornkessel-Schlesewsky I, Schlesewsky M, Sinha R, Immink MA, Cross ZR. Augmenting complex and dynamic performance through mindfulness-based cognitive training: An evaluation of training adherence, trait mindfulness, personality and resting-state EEG. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0292501. [PMID: 38768220 PMCID: PMC11104625 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Human performance applications of mindfulness-based training have demonstrated its utility in enhancing cognitive functioning. Previous studies have illustrated how these interventions can improve performance on traditional cognitive tests, however, little investigation has explored the extent to which mindfulness-based training can optimise performance in more dynamic and complex contexts. Further, from a neuroscientific perspective, the underlying mechanisms responsible for performance enhancements remain largely undescribed. With this in mind, the following study aimed to investigate how a short-term mindfulness intervention (one week) augments performance on a dynamic and complex task (target motion analyst task; TMA) in young, healthy adults (n = 40, age range = 18-38). Linear mixed effect modelling revealed that increased adherence to the web-based mindfulness-based training regime (ranging from 0-21 sessions) was associated with improved performance in the second testing session of the TMA task, controlling for baseline performance. Analyses of resting-state electroencephalographic (EEG) metrics demonstrated no change across testing sessions. Investigations of additional individual factors demonstrated that enhancements associated with training adherence remained relatively consistent across varying levels of participants' resting-state EEG metrics, personality measures (i.e., trait mindfulness, neuroticism, conscientiousness), self-reported enjoyment and timing of intervention adherence. Our results thus indicate that mindfulness-based cognitive training leads to performance enhancements in distantly related tasks, irrespective of several individual differences. We also revealed nuances in the magnitude of cognitive enhancements contingent on the timing of adherence, regardless of total volume of training. Overall, our findings suggest that mindfulness-based training could be used in a myriad of settings to elicit transferable performance enhancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe A. Dziego
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Australian Research Centre for Interactive and Virtual Environments, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Ina Bornkessel-Schlesewsky
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Australian Research Centre for Interactive and Virtual Environments, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Matthias Schlesewsky
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Australian Research Centre for Interactive and Virtual Environments, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Ruchi Sinha
- Centre for Workplace Excellence, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia
| | - Maarten A. Immink
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Australian Research Centre for Interactive and Virtual Environments, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- Sport, Health, Activity, Performance and Exercise (SHAPE) Research Centre, Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Zachariah R. Cross
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Australian Research Centre for Interactive and Virtual Environments, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
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30
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Arnold CA, Bagg MK, Harvey AR. The psychophysiology of music-based interventions and the experience of pain. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1361857. [PMID: 38800683 PMCID: PMC11122921 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1361857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
In modern times there is increasing acceptance that music-based interventions are useful aids in the clinical treatment of a range of neurological and psychiatric conditions, including helping to reduce the perception of pain. Indeed, the belief that music, whether listening or performing, can alter human pain experiences has a long history, dating back to the ancient Greeks, and its potential healing properties have long been appreciated by indigenous cultures around the world. The subjective experience of acute or chronic pain is complex, influenced by many intersecting physiological and psychological factors, and it is therefore to be expected that the impact of music therapy on the pain experience may vary from one situation to another, and from one person to another. Where pain persists and becomes chronic, aberrant central processing is a key feature associated with the ongoing pain experience. Nonetheless, beneficial effects of exposure to music on pain relief have been reported across a wide range of acute and chronic conditions, and it has been shown to be effective in neonates, children and adults. In this comprehensive review we examine the various neurochemical, physiological and psychological factors that underpin the impact of music on the pain experience, factors that potentially operate at many levels - the periphery, spinal cord, brainstem, limbic system and multiple areas of cerebral cortex. We discuss the extent to which these factors, individually or in combination, influence how music affects both the quality and intensity of pain, noting that there remains controversy about the respective roles that diverse central and peripheral processes play in this experience. Better understanding of the mechanisms that underlie music's impact on pain perception together with insights into central processing of pain should aid in developing more effective synergistic approaches when music therapy is combined with clinical treatments. The ubiquitous nature of music also facilitates application from the therapeutic environment into daily life, for ongoing individual and social benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn A. Arnold
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Caulfield Pain Management and Research Centre, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthew K. Bagg
- School of Health Sciences, University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, WA, Australia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, WA, Australia
- Centre for Pain IMPACT, Neuroscience Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Alan R. Harvey
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, WA, Australia
- School of Human Sciences and Conservatorium of Music, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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31
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van Lutterveld R, Chowdhury A, Ingram DM, Sacchet MD. Neurophenomenological Investigation of Mindfulness Meditation "Cessation" Experiences Using EEG Network Analysis in an Intensively Sampled Adept Meditator. Brain Topogr 2024:10.1007/s10548-024-01052-4. [PMID: 38703334 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-024-01052-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Mindfulness meditation is a contemplative practice that is informed by Buddhism. It has been proven effective for improving mental and physical health in clinical and non-clinical contexts. To date, mainstream dialogue and scientific research on mindfulness has focused primarily on short-term mindfulness training and applications of mindfulness for reducing stress. Understanding advanced mindfulness practice has important implications for mental health and general wellbeing. According to Theravada Buddhist meditation, a "cessation" event is a dramatic experience of profound clarity and equanimity that involves a complete discontinuation in experience, and is evidence of mastery of mindfulness meditation. Thirty-seven cessation events were captured in a single intensively sampled advanced meditator (over 6,000 h of retreat mindfulness meditation training) while recording electroencephalography (EEG) in 29 sessions between November 12, 2019 and March 11, 2020. Functional connectivity and network integration were assessed from 40 s prior to cessations to 40 s after cessations. From 21 s prior to cessations there was a linear decrease in large-scale functional interactions at the whole-brain level in the alpha band. In the 40 s following cessations these interactions linearly returned to prior levels. No modulation of network integration was observed. The decrease in whole-brain functional connectivity was underlain by frontal to left temporal and to more posterior decreases in connectivity, while the increase was underlain by wide-spread increases in connectivity. These results provide neuroscientific evidence of large-scale modulation of brain activity related to cessation events that provides a foundation for future studies of advanced meditation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remko van Lutterveld
- Brain Research and Innovation Centre and Department of Psychiatry, Ministry of Defence and University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Avijit Chowdhury
- Center for Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | | | - Matthew D Sacchet
- Center for Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
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32
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Neri B, Callara AL, Vanello N, Menicucci D, Zaccaro A, Piarulli A, Laurino M, Norbu N, Kechok J, Sherab N, Gemignani A. Report from a Tibetan Monastery: EEG neural correlates of concentrative and analytical meditation. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1348317. [PMID: 38756494 PMCID: PMC11098278 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1348317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The positive effects of meditation on human wellbeing are indisputable, ranging from emotion regulation improvement to stress reduction and present-moment awareness enhancement. Changes in brain activity regulate and support these phenomena. However, the heterogeneity of meditation practices and their cultural background, as well as their poor categorization limit the generalization of results to all types of meditation. Here, we took advantage of a collaboration with the very singular and precious community of the Monks and Geshes of the Tibetan University of Sera-Jey in India to study the neural correlates of the two main types of meditation recognized in Tibetan Buddhism, namely concentrative and analytical meditation. Twenty-three meditators with different levels of expertise underwent to an ecological (i.e., within the monastery) EEG acquisition consisting of an analytical and/or concentrative meditation session at "their best," and with the only constraint of performing a 5-min-long baseline at the beginning of the session. Time-varying power-spectral-density estimates of each session were compared against the baseline (i.e., within session) and between conditions (i.e., analytical vs. concentrative). Our results showed that concentrative meditation elicited more numerous and marked changes in the EEG power compared to analytical meditation, and mainly in the form of an increase in the theta, alpha and beta frequency ranges. Moreover, the full immersion in the Monastery life allowed to share the results and discuss their interpretation with the best scholars of the Monastic University, ensuring the identification of the most expert meditators, as well as to highlight better the differences between the different types of meditation practiced by each of them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Neri
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Informazione, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alejandro Luis Callara
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Informazione, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Research Center “E. Piaggio”, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Nicola Vanello
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Informazione, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Research Center “E. Piaggio”, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Danilo Menicucci
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Zaccaro
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Andrea Piarulli
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Ngawang Norbu
- Sera Jey Monastic University for Advanced Buddhist Studies & Practice, Bylakuppe, Mysore, India
| | - Jampa Kechok
- Sera Jey Monastic University for Advanced Buddhist Studies & Practice, Bylakuppe, Mysore, India
| | - Ngawang Sherab
- Sera Jey Monastic University for Advanced Buddhist Studies & Practice, Bylakuppe, Mysore, India
| | - Angelo Gemignani
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Podvalny E, Sanchez-Romero R, Cole MW. Functionality of arousal-regulating brain circuitry at rest predicts human cognitive abilities. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhae192. [PMID: 38745558 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Arousal state is regulated by subcortical neuromodulatory nuclei, such as locus coeruleus, which send wide-reaching projections to cortex. Whether higher-order cortical regions have the capacity to recruit neuromodulatory systems to aid cognition is unclear. Here, we hypothesized that select cortical regions activate the arousal system, which, in turn, modulates large-scale brain activity, creating a functional circuit predicting cognitive ability. We utilized the Human Connectome Project 7T functional magnetic resonance imaging dataset (n = 149), acquired at rest with simultaneous eye tracking, along with extensive cognitive assessment for each subject. First, we discovered select frontoparietal cortical regions that drive large-scale spontaneous brain activity specifically via engaging the arousal system. Second, we show that the functionality of the arousal circuit driven by bilateral posterior cingulate cortex (associated with the default mode network) predicts subjects' cognitive abilities. This suggests that a cortical region that is typically associated with self-referential processing supports cognition by regulating the arousal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella Podvalny
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 197 University Ave, Newark, NJ 07102, United States
| | - Ruben Sanchez-Romero
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 197 University Ave, Newark, NJ 07102, United States
| | - Michael W Cole
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University, 197 University Ave, Newark, NJ 07102, United States
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Zhang C, Zhang X, Li W, Zhang T, Zhang Z, Lu L, Didonna F, Fan Q. Pallidum volume as a predictor for the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and psycho-education in unmedicated patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Compr Psychiatry 2024; 131:152462. [PMID: 38354586 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) has been documented to be effective in treating obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). However, the neurobiological basis of MBCT remains largely elusive, which makes it clinically challenging to predict which patients are more likely to respond poorly. Hence, identifying biomarkers for predicting treatment outcomes holds both scientific and clinical values. This prognostic study aims to investigate whether pre-treatment brain morphological metrics can predict the effectiveness of MBCT, compared with psycho-education (PE) as an active placebo, among patients with OCD. METHODS A total of 32 patients with OCD were included in this prognostic study. They received magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain scans before treatment. Subsequently, 16 patients received 10 weeks of MBCT, while the other 16 patients underwent a 10-week PE program. The effectiveness of the treatments was primarily assessed by the reduction rate of the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) total score before and after the treatment. We investigated whether several predefined OCD-associated brain morphological metrics, selected based on prior published studies by the ENIGMA Consortium, could predict the treatment effectiveness. RESULTS Both the MBCT and PE groups exhibited substantial reductions in Y-BOCS scores over 10 weeks of treatment, with the MBCT group showing a larger reduction. Notably, the pallidum total volume was associated with treatment effectiveness, irrespective of the intervention group. Specifically, a linear regression model utilizing the pre-treatment pallidum volume to predict the treatment effectiveness suggested that a one-cubic-centimeter increase in pallidum volume corresponded to a 22.3% decrease in the Y-BOCS total score reduction rate. CONCLUSIONS Pallidum volume may serve as a promising predictor for the effectiveness of MBCT and PE, and perhaps, other treatments with the shared mechanisms by MBCT and PE, among patients with OCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaochen Zhang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenqing Li
- School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianran Zhang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Zongfeng Zhang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Psychiatry, Ningbo Kangning Hospital & Affiliated Mental Health Centre, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lu Lu
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Clinical Psychology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Qing Fan
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai, China; Mental Health Branch, China Hospital Development Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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Massa K, Ramireddy S, Ficenec S, Mank C, Josephsen J, Babbar S. A Randomized Control Trial of Meditation for Mothers Pumping Breastmilk for Preterm Infants. Am J Perinatol 2024; 41:842-852. [PMID: 35240703 DOI: 10.1055/a-1787-7576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mothers of preterm infants face unique challenges in establishing milk supply. We hypothesized that daily meditation practice while pumping would increase milk volume. STUDY DESIGN This was a randomized control trial examining the effect of meditation on the breastmilk supply of women delivering preterm infants. The meditation group engaged in daily use of a mindfulness-focused meditation app in addition to routine lactation support. The primary outcome was mean breastmilk volume on the infant's nineth day of life. Secondary outcomes included use of lactation-promoting behaviors, continuation of breastfeeding, and measures of mental health and breastfeeding self-efficacy by validated questionnaires. In addition to the intention to treat analysis, a per protocol analysis examined the association of frequent meditation with these breastfeeding and mental health outcomes. RESULTS A total of 60 women were analyzed. Mean milk volume was 647.1 ± 467.8 mL in the meditation group and 514.9 ± 393.5 mL in the routine care group (p = 0.27). Median number of pumping sessions was 7 (interquartile range [IQR] 5-8) in the meditation group, compared to 6 (IQR 4-7) in the routine care group (p = 0.11). Other lactation-promoting behaviors, breastfeeding continuation, and questionnaire scores were similar.Adjusting for confounders, we found an increase in breastmilk production of 223.2 mL (95% CI 98.8-347.5, p = 0.001) and in pumping episodes by 0.93 (95% CI 0.16-1.70, p = 0.020) associated with frequent meditation. Skin-to-skin contact was increased to 100% (p = 0.006) among women who meditated seven or more times. Adjusted odds of a clinically significant Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale score of >9 was 0.057 (95% CI 0.0014-0.711, p = 0.023) with frequent meditation. CONCLUSION Breastmilk production was similar in mothers practicing meditation compared to those receiving routine lactation support. For women engaging in frequent mediation, there may be an effect in establishing breastmilk supply and reduction of depression symptoms. KEY POINTS · Breastmilk is not increased for neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) moms asked to engage in meditation.. · Maternal mental health is not improved among NICU moms asked to meditate.. · However, higher-frequency meditation is associated with increased milk volume and lower odds of high scores on depression screening..
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Massa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Soumya Ramireddy
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Sara Ficenec
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Carolyn Mank
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Justin Josephsen
- Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Shilpa Babbar
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri
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Sibilia J, Berna F, Bloch JG, Scherlinger M. Mind-body practices in chronic inflammatory arthritis. Joint Bone Spine 2024; 91:105645. [PMID: 37769800 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbspin.2023.105645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Mind-body practices are complementary approaches recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO). While these practices are very diverse, they all focus on the interaction between mind and body. These include mindful meditation, yoga, Tai Chi, sophrology, hypnosis and various relaxation techniques. There is growing interest in incorporating these strategies in the management of chronic rheumatic diseases including rheumatoid arthritis. The aim of this review is to describe the main mind-body practices and analyze the existing evidence in chronic rheumatic diseases. In rheumatoid arthritis, the Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction program, yoga, Tai Chi and relaxation may improve patient-reported outcomes, but the benefit on inflammation and structural progression is unclear. In spondyloarthritis, very few studies are available but similar evidence exist. Further evaluations of these practices in chronic rheumatic diseases are needed since their risk/benefit ratio appears excellent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Sibilia
- Service de Rhumatologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; UMR INSERM 1109, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Fabrice Berna
- Service de Psychiatrie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean-Gérard Bloch
- Service de Rhumatologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Marc Scherlinger
- Service de Rhumatologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; UMR INSERM 1109, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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van Tilburg MAL, Monis EL, Braumann RE, Fleishman K, Lamm K. Hypnotherapy as a medical treatment: Evidence-based or pseudoscience? Complement Ther Clin Pract 2024; 55:101841. [PMID: 38387324 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2024.101841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypnotherapy continues to be a controversial practice in medicine. It is surrounded by myth and misuses that instill doubts about its legitimacy and usefulness. PURPOSE In this paper, we will distinguish pseudoscientific claims from evidence-based uses of hypnotherapy. RESULTS The use and acceptability of hypnotherapy has varied over history. Pseudoscientific uses, based on outdated theories that it can access the unconscious mind, have delegitimized hypnotherapy. Modern theories that hypnosis uses common social, emotional, and cognitive processes combined with evidence-based methods have re-established the use of hypnotherapy in many physical and mental health disorders and symptoms. Currently it is a widely accepted and recommended treatment for irritable bowel syndrome, with evidence building for many other applications. CONCLUSION Hypnotherapy, as a pseudoscience, can become unethical and cause distress for the patient and their families. Hypnotherapy, as an evidence-based treatment, can be used as a powerful tool to treat physical and psychological symptoms related to medical ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda A L van Tilburg
- Cape Fear Valley Health, Fayetteville NC, USA; Campbell University, Lillington, NC, USA; Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA; University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Elizabeth L Monis
- Cape Fear Valley Health, Fayetteville NC, USA; Campbell University, Lillington, NC, USA
| | - Ryan E Braumann
- Cape Fear Valley Health, Fayetteville NC, USA; Campbell University, Lillington, NC, USA
| | - Kenneth Fleishman
- Cape Fear Valley Health, Fayetteville NC, USA; Campbell University, Lillington, NC, USA
| | - Kevin Lamm
- Cape Fear Valley Health, Fayetteville NC, USA; Campbell University, Lillington, NC, USA
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Tang ACY, Lee RLT, Lee PH, Tanida K, Chan S, Lam SC, Nailes J, Malinit JP, Juangco JRG, Wang Q, Ligot J, Suen LKP. The mediating effect of dispositional mindfulness on the association between UPPS-P impulsivity traits and gaming disorder among Asia-Pacific young adults. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:328. [PMID: 38689236 PMCID: PMC11061906 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05740-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little evidence is available to verify the mediating effect of dispositional mindfulness on the association between gaming disorder and various impulsivity traits. The present study aimed to investigate the mediating effect of dispositional mindfulness on the association between the five UPPS-P impulsivity traits and the risk of gaming disorder among young adults. METHODS It was an inter-regional cross-sectional study using online survey in Australia, Japan, The Philippines and China. Impulsivity measured by the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale-Short version; dispositional mindfulness measured by the Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale; and the risk of gaming disorder measured by the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale were collected in the focal regions. Structural equation modeling was performed by SPSS AMOS version 26 to verify the study hypotheses. Bootstrapped 95% confidence interval was reported. Statistical significance was indicated by the p-value below 0.05. RESULTS Among the 1,134 returned questionnaires, about 40% of them aged 18-20 years and 21-23 years, respectively. 53.8% were male. 40.7% had been playing digital and video games for over 10 years. The prevalence of gaming disorder was 4.32%. The model fitness indices reflected that the constructed model had an acceptable model fit (χ2(118) = 558.994, p < 0.001; χ2/df = 4.737; CFI = 0.924; TLI = 0.890; GFI = 0.948; RMSEA = 0.058; SRMR = 0.0487). Dispositional mindfulness fully mediated the effect of positive urgency and negative urgency on the risk of gaming disorder. The effect of lack of premeditation on the risk of gaming disorder was partially mediated by dispositional mindfulness. However, dispositional mindfulness did not mediate the effect of sensation seeking on the risk of gaming disorder. CONCLUSIONS The varied associations between dispositional mindfulness and the five impulsivity traits hints that improving some impulsive traits may increase dispositional mindfulness and so lower the risk of gaming disorder. Despite further studies are needed to verify the present findings, it sheds light on the need to apply interventions on gamers based on their impulsivity profile. Interventions targeting at emotion regulation and self-control such as mindfulness-based interventions seem to be effective to help gamers with dominant features of urgency and lack of premeditation only. Other interventions shall be considered for gamers with high sensation seeking tendency to enhance the effectiveness of gaming disorder prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anson Chui Yan Tang
- School of Nursing, Tung Wah College, 16/F, Ma Kam Chan Memorial Building, 31 Wylie Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Regina Lai-Tong Lee
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul Hong Lee
- Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Keiko Tanida
- College of Nursing Art and Science, University of Hyogo, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Shun Chan
- School of Nursing, Tung Wah College, 16/F, Ma Kam Chan Memorial Building, 31 Wylie Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Simon Ching Lam
- School of Nursing, Tung Wah College, 16/F, Ma Kam Chan Memorial Building, 31 Wylie Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jennifer Nailes
- Research Institute for Health Sciences, University of the East Ramon Magsaysay Memorial Medical Center, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Joy P Malinit
- Department of Psychiatry, University of the East Ramon Magsaysay Memorial Medical Center, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Jose Ronilo G Juangco
- College of Medicine, University of the East Ramon Magsaysay Memorial Medical Center, Quezon City, Philippines
| | - Qing Wang
- School of Nursing, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jason Ligot
- College of Public Health, University of The Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
| | - Lorna Kwai Ping Suen
- School of Nursing, Tung Wah College, 16/F, Ma Kam Chan Memorial Building, 31 Wylie Road, Hong Kong, China.
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Matiz A, Fabbro F, Crescentini C. Mindfulness Through Storytelling for Mental Health of Primary School Children: Impact on Acceptability and Its Associations with Personality. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2024; 17:1757-1774. [PMID: 38686324 PMCID: PMC11057635 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s441494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Acceptability of mindfulness-based programs (MBPs) in primary school settings seems to represent a critical factor influencing the intervention effects on children's mental health. This study aims at assessing the acceptability of an MBP delivered through the technique of storytelling, as well as identifying which participants' personality characteristics can influence it. Participants and Methods Italian children in grades 3-to-5 (n = 147, 47.6% girls) participated in a 24-session MBP, which included 225 minutes of formal mindfulness practices and was delivered by the pupils' school teachers. Children's personality traits were assessed with the junior Temperament and Character Inventory (jTCI), while their subjective experiences and acceptability of the program were investigated using a survey containing open-ended and closed-ended questions. Results Program acceptability was 2.9 ± 0.7 on a 0-4 scale. Higher jTCI scores of persistence, cooperativeness, and self-transcendence were related to higher ratings in liking the program, finding it useful and engaging themselves in it. Moreover, 57.8% of the children generalized the mindfulness practices in daily life and 93.9% of them declared they would recommend the program to their friends/parents. Five main themes emerged from children's answers on what they learned: "help for difficulties (emotional, mental, and physical)", "calm, relax, tranquility", "resilience, positiveness, personal growth", "self-exploration, interoception", and "attention, concentration, and here-and-now". Conclusion Program acceptability was generally higher than in similar programs in the literature, and children reported personal gains in various areas related to psychological well-being. The study also suggests which children's personality traits should be considered when proposing an MBP in order to improve its acceptability and utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Matiz
- Department of Languages and Literatures, Communication, Education and Society, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Franco Fabbro
- Institute of Mechanical Intelligence, School of Advanced Studies Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Cristiano Crescentini
- Department of Languages and Literatures, Communication, Education and Society, University of Udine, Udine, Italy
- Institute of Mechanical Intelligence, School of Advanced Studies Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy
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Zaccaro A, della Penna F, Mussini E, Parrotta E, Perrucci MG, Costantini M, Ferri F. Attention to cardiac sensations enhances the heartbeat-evoked potential during exhalation. iScience 2024; 27:109586. [PMID: 38623333 PMCID: PMC11016802 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Respiration and cardiac activity intricately interact through complex physiological mechanisms. The heartbeat-evoked potential (HEP) is an EEG fluctuation reflecting the cortical processing of cardiac signals. We recently found higher HEP amplitude during exhalation than inhalation during a task involving attention to cardiac sensations. This may have been due to reduced cardiac perception during inhalation and heightened perception during exhalation through attentional mechanisms. To investigate relationships between HEP, attention, and respiration, we introduced an experimental setup that included tasks related to cardiac and respiratory interoceptive and exteroceptive attention. Results revealed HEP amplitude increases during the interoceptive tasks over fronto-central electrodes. When respiratory phases were taken into account, HEP increases were primarily driven by heartbeats recorded during exhalation, specifically during the cardiac interoceptive task, while inhalation had minimal impact. These findings emphasize the role of respiration in cardiac interoceptive attention and could have implications for respiratory interventions to fine-tune cardiac interoception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Zaccaro
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesca della Penna
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Elena Mussini
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Eleonora Parrotta
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Mauro Gianni Perrucci
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, ITAB, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Marcello Costantini
- Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, ITAB, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesca Ferri
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Institute for Advanced Biomedical Technologies, ITAB, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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Maher S, Donlon E, Mullane G, Walsh R, Lynch T, Fearon C. Treatment of Apathy in Parkinson's Disease and Implications for Underlying Pathophysiology. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2216. [PMID: 38673489 PMCID: PMC11051068 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13082216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Apathy is a prevalent and highly debilitating non-motor symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD) that is often overlooked in clinical practice due to its subtle nature. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current evidence for the treatment of apathy in PD, highlighting recent advancements and emerging therapeutic avenues. In this review, we analyse a diverse array of treatment strategies for apathy in PD, including pharmacological interventions, non-pharmacological approaches, and emerging neuromodulation techniques. We evaluate the efficacy, safety, and limitations of established pharmacotherapies, such as dopaminergic agents, antidepressants, and cognitive enhancers. Additionally, we examine the promising role of non-pharmacological interventions, encompassing psychotherapies and behavioural interventions, in ameliorating apathetic symptoms. Furthermore, this review explores the effects of neuromodulation techniques on apathy, including the modulation of apathy via deep brain stimulation and emerging data on the potential influence of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) on apathy in PD. Ultimately, a deeper understanding of effective treatment strategies for apathy has the potential to significantly improve the quality of life and overall well-being of individuals living with PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senan Maher
- Dublin Neurological Institute, Mater Misericordiae Hospital, D07 W7XF Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eoghan Donlon
- Dublin Neurological Institute, Mater Misericordiae Hospital, D07 W7XF Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gerard Mullane
- Dublin Neurological Institute, Mater Misericordiae Hospital, D07 W7XF Dublin, Ireland
| | - Richard Walsh
- Dublin Neurological Institute, Mater Misericordiae Hospital, D07 W7XF Dublin, Ireland
- Academic Unit of Neurology, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, D02 R590 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tim Lynch
- Dublin Neurological Institute, Mater Misericordiae Hospital, D07 W7XF Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Conor Fearon
- Dublin Neurological Institute, Mater Misericordiae Hospital, D07 W7XF Dublin, Ireland
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
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Chiarella SG, De Pastina R, Raffone A, Simione L. Mindfulness Affects the Boundaries of Bodily Self-Representation: The Effect of Focused-Attention Meditation in Fading the Boundary of Peripersonal Space. Behav Sci (Basel) 2024; 14:306. [PMID: 38667102 PMCID: PMC11047477 DOI: 10.3390/bs14040306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Peripersonal space (PPS) is a dynamic multisensory representation of the space around the body, influenced by internal and external sensory information. The malleability of PPS boundaries, as evidenced by their expansion after tool use or modulation through social interactions, positions PPS as a crucial element in understanding the subjective experiences of self and otherness. Building on the existing literature highlighting both the cognitive and bodily effects of mindfulness meditation, this study proposes a novel approach by employing focused-attention meditation (FAM) and a multisensory audio-tactile task to assess PPS in both the extension and sharpness of its boundaries. The research hypothesis posits that FAM, which emphasizes heightened attention to bodily sensations and interoception, may reduce the extension of PPS and make its boundaries less sharp. We enrolled 26 non-meditators who underwent a repeated measure design in which they completed the PPS task before and after a 15-min FAM induction. We found a significant reduction in the sharpness of PPS boundaries but no significant reduction in PPS extension. These results provide novel insights into the immediate effects of FAM on PPS, potentially shedding light on the modulation of self-other representations in both cognitive and bodily domains. Indeed, our findings could have implications for understanding the intricate relationship between mindfulness practices and the subjective experience of self within spatial contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Gaetano Chiarella
- Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies (ISTC), National Research Council (CNR), 00185 Rome, Italy
- International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), 34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - Riccardo De Pastina
- Department of Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (R.D.P.); (A.R.)
| | - Antonino Raffone
- Department of Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (R.D.P.); (A.R.)
| | - Luca Simione
- Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies (ISTC), National Research Council (CNR), 00185 Rome, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Umanistiche e Sociali Internazionali, UNINT, Università degli Studi Internazionali di Roma, 00147 Rome, Italy
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Qin K, Yu Y, Cai H, Li J, Zeng J, Liang H. Effectiveness of mindfulness-based intervention in schizophrenia: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Psychiatry Res 2024; 334:115808. [PMID: 38402743 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Schizophrenia poses significant societal challenges, including interpersonal tension, an increased risk of suicide, and soaring medical costs. Although antipsychotics can prevent relapses, they often give rise to adverse effects and do not provide lasting relief. Mindfulness-based interventions (MBI) emerge as a hopeful avenue for improving outcomes. However, existing research and meta-analyses of the efficacy of MBI in schizophrenia remain limited. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of MBI as an adjunctive therapy for schizophrenia. Relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were searched across PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library from inception dates up to January 12, 2023. Statistical analyses were conducted using Stata software (version 15.0) and Review Manager 5.4. The quality of the included RCTs was assessed using the revised Cochrane risk of bias tool. A total of 18 RCTs were included, with 675 patients and 704 health controls. Our meta-analysis revealed that MBI significantly improved psychosocial function, insight, and mindfulness in individuals with schizophrenia. The quality of the included RCTs had a low to moderate risk of bias. These findings suggest that MBI holds promise for improving the mental health of individuals with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keke Qin
- School of Politics and Public Administration, Guangxi Normal University, No. 15 Yucai Road, Qixing District, Guilin City, Guangxi Province 541004, China
| | - Yong Yu
- School of Politics and Public Administration, Guangxi Normal University, No. 15 Yucai Road, Qixing District, Guilin City, Guangxi Province 541004, China.
| | - Huiling Cai
- School of Politics and Public Administration, Guangxi Normal University, No. 15 Yucai Road, Qixing District, Guilin City, Guangxi Province 541004, China
| | - Jiahong Li
- School of Politics and Public Administration, Guangxi Normal University, No. 15 Yucai Road, Qixing District, Guilin City, Guangxi Province 541004, China
| | - Jingyuan Zeng
- School of Politics and Public Administration, Guangxi Normal University, No. 15 Yucai Road, Qixing District, Guilin City, Guangxi Province 541004, China
| | - Huolan Liang
- School of Politics and Public Administration, Guangxi Normal University, No. 15 Yucai Road, Qixing District, Guilin City, Guangxi Province 541004, China
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Saragih ID, Batubara SO, Sharma S, Saragih IS, Chou FH. A meta-analysis of mindfulness-based interventions for improving mental health and burden among caregivers of persons living with dementia. Worldviews Evid Based Nurs 2024; 21:183-193. [PMID: 37950556 DOI: 10.1111/wvn.12690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mindfulness-based interventions are becoming increasingly popular and are effective in lowering depressive symptoms and caregiver burden. However, the overall efficacy of therapies in stress and anxiety management is unreported, and no study to date has performed a subgroup analysis to investigate the intervention dose response of outcomes. AIMS To quantitatively identify the effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions for caregivers of persons living with dementia. METHODS A comprehensive literature search of six databases was undertaken from the date of inception to June 18, 2023. The DerSimonian-Laird model with random effects was used to examine the overall effect and its heterogeneity in the studies. Version 2 of the risk of bias (RoB 2) tool was employed to analyze the publication bias of each randomized study. Funnel and forest plots were created to represent the findings. RESULTS Thirteen randomized trials were included in the meta-analysis. Mindfulness-based interventions significantly reduced stress and anxiety of caregivers of persons living with dementia. In addition, interventions provided for ≥8 weeks were beneficial in reducing depression in caregivers. However, mindfulness-based interventions did not offer significant benefits in reducing depression or caregiver burden immediately after the intervention. CONCLUSION Mindfulness-based interventions have the potential to help caregivers of people living with dementia. This study could be used as a model for future research into and implementation of mindfulness-based therapies for caregivers. LINKING EVIDENCE TO ACTION Mindfulness-based therapies appear to alleviate stress and anxiety but are ineffective in reducing depression and burden in caregivers of persons living with dementia. Well-designed RCTs with more rigorous methodology and a larger sample size should be conducted to firm the conclusion of the effectiveness of mindfulness-based interventions for caregivers of persons living with dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sapna Sharma
- College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ice Septriani Saragih
- Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, STIkes Santa Elisabeth Medan, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Fan-Hao Chou
- College of Nursing, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Hong C, Ding C, Chen Y, Cao S, Hou Y, Hu W, Yang D. Mindfulness-based intervention reduce interference of negative stimuli to working memory in individuals with subclinical depression: A randomized controlled fMRI study. Int J Clin Health Psychol 2024; 24:100459. [PMID: 38660392 PMCID: PMC11039314 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijchp.2024.100459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Individuals with subclinical depression are prone to major depression and experience emotional responses and attentional biases to negative stimuli. Method In a randomized controlled study (N = 42) using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we examined the neurocognitive mechanisms behind mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) combining loving-kindness meditation (LKM) on a group with subclinical depression compared with the relaxation group across emotional face n-back (EFNBACK) tasks and resting state. We also collected behavioral and self-reported data to confirm neurocognitive results. Results During EFNBACK, the MBCT+LKM group showed greater activation in the left lingual gyrus and right inferior lateral occipital cortex. During rest, the MBCT+LKM group demonstrated increased connectivity of the anterior cingulate cortex and right inferior lateral occipital cortex, right anterior insula and left precentral gyrus. From amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (ALFF) data, activity in brain regions associated with cognitive control decreased and activity in brain regions associated with sensorimotor increased. Conclusion These results suggest that MBCT+LKM alleviate depression for subclinical individuals through improving executive function when they face negative stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengjin Hong
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Key Lab of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Cody Ding
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Key Lab of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Education Science & Professional Programs, University of Missouri-St. Louis, United States
| | - Yiwen Chen
- Faculty of International Business Management, University of Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Shiyue Cao
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Key Lab of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yi Hou
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Key Lab of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Weiyu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Dong Yang
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Key Lab of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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Podvalny E, Sanchez-Romero R, Cole MW. Functionality of arousal-regulating brain circuitry at rest predicts human cognitive abilities. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.09.574917. [PMID: 38617344 PMCID: PMC11014470 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.09.574917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Arousal state is regulated by subcortical neuromodulatory nuclei, such as locus coeruleus, which send wide-reaching projections to cortex. Whether higher-order cortical regions have the capacity to recruit neuromodulatory systems to aid cognition is unclear. Here, we hypothesized that select cortical regions activate the arousal system, which in turn modulates large-scale brain activity, creating a functional circuit predicting cognitive ability. We utilized the Human Connectome Project 7T functional magnetic resonance imaging dataset (N=149), acquired at rest with simultaneous eye tracking, along with extensive cognitive assessment for each subject. First, we discovered select frontoparietal cortical regions that drive large-scale spontaneous brain activity specifically via engaging the arousal system. Second, we show that the functionality of the arousal circuit driven by bilateral posterior cingulate cortex (associated with the default mode network) predicts subjects' cognitive abilities. This suggests that a cortical region that is typically associated with self-referential processing supports cognition by regulating the arousal system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella Podvalny
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Ruben Sanchez-Romero
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
| | - Michael W. Cole
- Center for Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
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Chiu HT, Ip IN, Ching FNY, Wong BPH, Lui WH, Tse CS, Wong SWH. Resting Heart Rate Variability and Emotion Dysregulation in Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder. J Autism Dev Disord 2024; 54:1482-1493. [PMID: 36710299 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05847-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Emotion dysregulation is common among individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study examined the relationship between emotion dysregulation and resting heart rate variability (HRV), a marker of the autonomic nervous system, in ASD adolescents. Resting HRV data were collected from ASD (n = 23) and typically developing (TD) adolescents (n = 32) via short-term electrocardiogram. Parents/caregivers reported participants' level of emotion dysregulation with the Emotion Dysregulation Inventory (EDI). Controlling for the effects of age and gender, regression analyses revealed moderating effects of group, suggesting that lower resting HRV was more strongly associated with greater emotion dysregulation in ASD than TD adolescents. The results support the view that disruptions in autonomic functioning may contribute to emotion dysregulation in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hey Tou Chiu
- Department of Educational Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Laboratory for Brain and Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Isaac Nam Ip
- Department of Educational Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Laboratory for Brain and Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fiona Ngai Ying Ching
- Department of Educational Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Laboratory for Brain and Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bernard Pak-Ho Wong
- Department of Educational Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wan-Hap Lui
- Department of Educational Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi-Shing Tse
- Department of Educational Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Savio Wai Ho Wong
- Department of Educational Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Laboratory for Brain and Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Gautam S, Kiran UV. Clinical Effects of Yoga and Meditational Practices on the Holistic Health of Chronic Kidney Disease Patients: A Systematic Review. Cureus 2024; 16:e57546. [PMID: 38707181 PMCID: PMC11068214 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.57546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
As the world accelerates, sedentary and unhealthy lifestyles have an increasingly negative impact on human physical and emotional well-being. Millions of people globally are thought to have chronic kidney disease (CKD), which is frequently brought on by diabetes, hypertension, and glomerulonephritis. Over time, the illness gets worse and eventually results in irreversible renal failure. A person's life can be seriously affected by CKD in many different ways, including emotionally, socially, physically, and financially. Apart from physiological manifestations like anemia, discomfort, and exhaustion, CKD can also result in psychological problems like anxiety and depression, which can impair one's overall standard of life. Numerous studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of yoga and meditation on people with chronic renal disease, enhancing their general health and quality of life. Because of therapeutic limitations, familial pressures, financial restraints, and symptoms of end-stage kidney disease, people with CKD frequently experience stress and anxiety. By reducing stress and anxiety, yoga and meditation can help individuals with chronic conditions maintain their health and improve their overall well-being. Recent research has found that yoga can improve blood pressure, sympathetic activity, and basal metabolic rate as well as reduce blood pressure and blood sugar levels by balancing the autonomic nervous system. Furthermore, studies have demonstrated that yoga helps CKD patients live healthier lives by lowering stress, anxiety, and sadness. Healthcare professionals can help patients with chronic renal disease manage their symptoms and enhance their general health and well-being by adding yoga and meditation into their treatment regimens. Modifying lifestyle is essential for both the prevention and treatment of chronic renal disease. CKD often co-occurs with other age-related and sedentary lifestyles and poor diet-related chronic conditions. The dearth of targeted treatment for a large percentage of CKD patients led to the investigation of the therapeutic applications of yoga and meditation in this study. These affordable, non-invasive therapies provide a comprehensive approach to controlling CKD, benefiting both healthy individuals and those with CKD in terms of their physical and mental well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shikha Gautam
- Human Development and Family Studies, School of Home Science, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, IND
| | - U V Kiran
- Human Development and Family Studies, School of Home Science, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, IND
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Porter B, Oyanadel C, Betancourt I, Worrell FC, Peñate W. Effects of Two Online Mindfulness-Based Interventions for Early Adolescents for Attentional, Emotional, and Behavioral Self-Regulation. Pediatr Rep 2024; 16:254-270. [PMID: 38651461 PMCID: PMC11036234 DOI: 10.3390/pediatric16020022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) have shown interesting preliminary effects on self-regulation processes in early adolescence. However, programs have typically combined different types of interventions with no understanding of the specific effect of each intervention type on attentional, emotional, and behavioral regulation. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of two MBIs-one focused on classic attentional practices and another focused on the recognition and expression of emotions-on attentional, emotional, and behavioral self-regulation in early adolescents. (2) Method: An experimental paradigm was used. A sample of 74 children aged between 8 and 12 years old were randomly assigned to three experimental conditions: (1) an MBI with a focus on attentional practices, (2) an MBI with a focus on recognition and expression of emotions, and (3) a control group. The interventions lasted 8 weeks, with a weekly, 1 h online synchronous session plus home practices. Children were evaluated before starting the intervention and at the end of the 8-week period. The assessed outcomes were (1) mindfulness; (2) emotional regulation; (3) attentional regulation, and (4) behavioral regulation. (3) Results: Children who participated in both intervention programs increased their mindfulness and emotional and behavioral regulation scores. Only children who participated in the MBI with a focus on attention showed significant changes in their ability to self-regulate attention. (4) Conclusions: The use of online MBIs, with attention to external and internal stimuli practices, can be a good strategy to strengthen self-regulation skills for attention, emotions, and behavior in early adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Porter
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile; (C.O.); (I.B.)
| | - Cristian Oyanadel
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile; (C.O.); (I.B.)
- Berkeley School of Education, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1670, USA;
| | - Ignacio Betancourt
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción 4030000, Chile; (C.O.); (I.B.)
| | - Frank C. Worrell
- Berkeley School of Education, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-1670, USA;
| | - Wenceslao Peñate
- Clinical Psychology, Psychobiology and Methodology School, Psychology Faculty, Guajara Campus, La Laguna University, 38200 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain;
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Rahrig H, Beloboradova P, Castro C, Sabet K, Johnson M, Pearce O, Brown KW. Managing emotions in the age of political polarization: A randomized controlled trial comparing mindfulness to cognitive reappraisal. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3947259. [PMID: 38586010 PMCID: PMC10996818 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3947259/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Emotional appraisals of political stimuli (e.g., videos) have been shown to drive shared neural encoding, which correspond to shared, yet divisive, interpretations of such stimuli. However, mindfulness practice may entrain a form of emotion regulation that de-automatizes social biases, possibly through alteration of such neural mechanisms. The present study combined a naturalistic neuroimaging paradigm and a randomized controlled trial to examine the effects of short-term mindfulness training (MT) (n = 35) vs structurally equivalent Cognitive Reappraisal training (CT) (n = 37) on politically-situated emotions while evaluating the mechanistic role of prefrontal cortical neural synchrony. Participants underwent functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) recording while viewing inflammatory partisan news clips and continuously rating their momentary discrete emotions. MT participants were more likely to respond with extreme levels of anger (odds ratio = 0.12, p < .001) and disgust (odds ratio = 0.08, p < .001) relative to CT participants. Neural synchrony-based analyses suggested that participants with extreme emotion reactions exhibited greater prefrontal cortical neural synchrony, but that this pattern was less prominent in participants receiving MT relative to CT (CT > MT; channel 1 ISC = .040, p = .030).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadley Rahrig
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53703, United States of America
| | - Polina Beloboradova
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23284, United States of America
| | - Christina Castro
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23284, United States of America
| | - Kayla Sabet
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23284, United States of America
| | - Melina Johnson
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23284, United States of America
| | - Orion Pearce
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23284, United States of America
| | - Kirk Warren Brown
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 23284, United States of America
- Health and Human Performance Lab, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, United States of America
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