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Stamellou E, Agrawal S, Siegerist F, Buse M, Kuppe C, Lange T, Buhl EM, Alam J, Strieder T, Boor P, Ostendorf T, Gröne HJ, Floege J, Smoyer WE, Endlich N, Moeller MJ. Inhibition of the glucocorticoid receptor attenuates proteinuric kidney diseases in multiple species. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2024; 39:1181-1193. [PMID: 38037533 PMCID: PMC11210988 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfad254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucocorticoids are the treatment of choice for proteinuric patients with minimal change disease (MCD) and primary focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). Immunosuppressive as well as direct effects on podocytes are believed to mediate their actions. In this study, we analyzed the anti-proteinuric effects of inhibition of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in glomerular epithelial cells, including podocytes. METHODS We employed genetic and pharmacological approaches to inhibit the GR. Genetically, we used Pax8-Cre/GRfl/fl mice to specifically inactivate the GR in kidney epithelial cells. Pharmacologically, we utilized a glucocorticoid antagonist called mifepristone. RESULTS Genetic inactivation of GR, specifically in kidney epithelial cells, using Pax8-Cre/GRfl/fl mice, ameliorated proteinuria following protein overload. We further tested the effects of pharmacological GR inhibition in three models and species: the puromycin aminonucleoside-induced nephrosis model in rats, the protein overload model in mice and the inducible transgenic NTR/MTZ zebrafish larvae with specific and reversible podocyte injury. In all three models, both pharmacological GR activation and inhibition consistently and significantly ameliorated proteinuria. Additionally, we translated our findings to humans, where three nephrotic adult patients with MCD or primary FSGS with contraindications or insufficient responses to corticosteroids were treated with mifepristone. This treatment resulted in a clinically relevant reduction of proteinuria. CONCLUSIONS Thus, across multiple species and proteinuria models, both genetic and pharmacological GR inhibition was at least as effective as pronounced GR activation. While the mechanism remains perplexing, GR inhibition may be a novel and targeted therapeutic approach to treat glomerular proteinuria potentially bypassing adverse actions of steroids.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Receptors, Glucocorticoid/metabolism
- Receptors, Glucocorticoid/antagonists & inhibitors
- Mice
- Proteinuria/drug therapy
- Proteinuria/etiology
- Proteinuria/metabolism
- Humans
- Rats
- Podocytes/metabolism
- Podocytes/drug effects
- Podocytes/pathology
- Zebrafish
- Male
- Mifepristone/pharmacology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental/drug therapy
- Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental/metabolism
- Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental/pathology
- Female
- Kidney Diseases/drug therapy
- Kidney Diseases/etiology
- Kidney Diseases/metabolism
- Puromycin Aminonucleoside
- Hormone Antagonists/pharmacology
- Nephrosis, Lipoid/drug therapy
- Nephrosis, Lipoid/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Stamellou
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Pathology and Electron Microscopy Facility, RWTH University of Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Nephrology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Shipra Agrawal
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Florian Siegerist
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Marc Buse
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christoph Kuppe
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tim Lange
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Eva Miriam Buhl
- Institute of Pathology and Electron Microscopy Facility, RWTH University of Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jessica Alam
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thiago Strieder
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Peter Boor
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Pathology and Electron Microscopy Facility, RWTH University of Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tammo Ostendorf
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Jürgen Floege
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - William E Smoyer
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Nicole Endlich
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- NIPOKA, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Marcus J Moeller
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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2
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Ozkan S, Isildar B, Sahin H, Saygi HI, Konukoglu D, Koyuturk M. Comparative analysis of effects of conditioned mediums obtained from 2D or 3D cultured mesenchymal stem cells on kidney functions of diabetic rats: Early intervention could potentiate transdifferentiation of parietal epithelial cell into podocyte precursors. Life Sci 2024; 343:122543. [PMID: 38460812 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
AIM The secretome of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could be a potential therapeutic intervention for diabetes and associated complications like nephropathy. This study aims to evaluate the effects of conditioned mediums (CMs) collected from umbilical cord-derived MSCs incubated under 2-dimensional (2D) or 3D culture conditions on kidney functions of rats with type-I diabetes (T1D). MAIN METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with 20 mg/kg streptozocin for 5 consecutive days to induce T1D, and 12 doses of CMs were applied intraperitoneally for 4 weeks. The therapeutic effects of CMs were comparatively investigated by biochemical, physical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical analysis. KEY FINDINGS 3D-CM had significantly higher total protein concentration than the 2D-CM Albumin/creatinine ratios of both treatment groups were significantly improved in comparison to diabetes. Light microscopic evaluations showed that glomerular and cortical tubular damages were significantly ameliorated in only the 3D-CM applied group compared to the diabetes group, which were correlated with transmission electron microscopic observations. The nephrin and synaptopodin expressions increased in both treatment groups compared to diabetes. The WT1, Ki-67, and active caspase-3 expressions in glomeruli and parietal layers of the treatment groups suggest that both types of CMs suppress apoptosis and promote possible parietal epithelial cells' (PECs') transdifferentiation towards podocyte precursor cells by switching on WT1 expression in parietal layer rather than inducing new cell proliferation. SIGNIFICANCE 3D-CM was found to be more effective in improving kidney functions than 2D-CM by ameliorating glomerular damage through the possible mechanism of transdifferentiation of PECs into podocyte precursors and suppressing glomerular apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serbay Ozkan
- Izmir Katip Çelebi University, Faculty of Medicine, Histology and Embryology Department, Turkey; Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Histology and Embryology Department, Turkey
| | - Basak Isildar
- Balıkesir University, Faculty of Medicine, Histology and Embryology Department, Turkey; Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Histology and Embryology Department, Turkey
| | - Hakan Sahin
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Histology and Embryology Department, Turkey
| | - Halil Ibrahim Saygi
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Histology and Embryology Department, Turkey; Istanbul Medeniyet University, Faculty of Medicine, Histology and Embryology Department, Turkey
| | - Dildar Konukoglu
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Medical Biochemistry Department, Turkey
| | - Meral Koyuturk
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Histology and Embryology Department, Turkey.
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3
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Ledru N, Wilson PC, Muto Y, Yoshimura Y, Wu H, Li D, Asthana A, Tullius SG, Waikar SS, Orlando G, Humphreys BD. Predicting proximal tubule failed repair drivers through regularized regression analysis of single cell multiomic sequencing. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1291. [PMID: 38347009 PMCID: PMC10861555 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45706-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Renal proximal tubule epithelial cells have considerable intrinsic repair capacity following injury. However, a fraction of injured proximal tubule cells fails to undergo normal repair and assumes a proinflammatory and profibrotic phenotype that may promote fibrosis and chronic kidney disease. The healthy to failed repair change is marked by cell state-specific transcriptomic and epigenomic changes. Single nucleus joint RNA- and ATAC-seq sequencing offers an opportunity to study the gene regulatory networks underpinning these changes in order to identify key regulatory drivers. We develop a regularized regression approach to construct genome-wide parametric gene regulatory networks using multiomic datasets. We generate a single nucleus multiomic dataset from seven adult human kidney samples and apply our method to study drivers of a failed injury response associated with kidney disease. We demonstrate that our approach is a highly effective tool for predicting key cis- and trans-regulatory elements underpinning the healthy to failed repair transition and use it to identify NFAT5 as a driver of the maladaptive proximal tubule state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Ledru
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Parker C Wilson
- Division of Anatomic and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yoshiharu Muto
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yasuhiro Yoshimura
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Haojia Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Dian Li
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Amish Asthana
- Department of Surgery, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center; Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Stefan G Tullius
- Division of Transplant Surgery and Transplant Surgery Research Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sushrut S Waikar
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Giuseppe Orlando
- Department of Surgery, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center; Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA
| | - Benjamin D Humphreys
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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4
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Veloso Pereira BM, Zeng Y, Maggiore JC, Schweickart RA, Eng DG, Kaverina N, McKinzie SR, Chang A, Loretz CJ, Thieme K, Hukriede NA, Pippin JW, Wessely O, Shankland SJ. Podocyte injury at young age causes premature senescence and worsens glomerular aging. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2024; 326:F120-F134. [PMID: 37855038 PMCID: PMC11198990 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00261.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
As life expectancy continues to rise, age-related diseases are becoming more prevalent. For example, proteinuric glomerular diseases typified by podocyte injury have worse outcomes in the elderly compared with young patients. However, the reasons are not well understood. We hypothesized that injury to nonaged podocytes induces senescence, which in turn augments their aging processes. In primary cultured human podocytes, injury induced by a cytopathic antipodocyte antibody, adriamycin, or puromycin aminonucleoside increased the senescence-related genes CDKN2A (p16INK4a/p14ARF), CDKN2D (p19INK4d), and CDKN1A (p21). Podocyte injury in human kidney organoids was accompanied by increased expression of CDKN2A, CDKN2D, and CDKN1A. In young mice, experimental focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) induced by adriamycin and antipodocyte antibody increased the glomerular expression of p16, p21, and senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal). To assess the long-term effects of early podocyte injury-induced senescence, we temporally followed young mice with experimental FSGS through adulthood (12 m of age) and middle age (18 m of age). p16 and Sudan black staining were higher at middle age in mice with earlier FSGS compared with age-matched mice that did not get FSGS when young. This was accompanied by lower podocyte density, reduced canonical podocyte protein expression, and increased glomerular scarring. These results are consistent with injury-induced senescence in young podocytes, leading to increased senescence of podocytes by middle age accompanied by lower podocyte lifespan and health span.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Glomerular function is decreased by aging. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms involved in age-related glomerular changes and which factors could contribute to a worse glomerular aging process. Here, we reported that podocyte injury in young mice and culture podocytes induced senescence, a marker of aging, and accelerates glomerular aging when compared with healthy aging mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Maria Veloso Pereira
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Yuting Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Joseph C Maggiore
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | | | - Diana G Eng
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Natalya Kaverina
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Sierra R McKinzie
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Anthony Chang
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Carol J Loretz
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Karina Thieme
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Neil A Hukriede
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Jeffrey W Pippin
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Oliver Wessely
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Stuart J Shankland
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
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5
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Bharati J, Kumar M, Kumar N, Malhotra A, Singhal PC. MicroRNA193a: An Emerging Mediator of Glomerular Diseases. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1743. [PMID: 38136614 PMCID: PMC10742064 DOI: 10.3390/biom13121743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding small RNAs that regulate the protein expression of coding messenger RNAs. They are used as biomarkers to aid in diagnosing, prognosticating, and surveillance of diseases, especially solid cancers. MiR-193a was shown to be directly pathogenic in an experimental mouse model of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) during the last decade. Its specific binding and downregulation of Wilm's tumor-1 (WT-1), a transcription factor regulating podocyte phenotype, is documented. Also, miR-193a is a regulator switch causing the transdifferentiation of glomerular parietal epithelial cells to a podocyte phenotype in in vitro study. Interaction between miR-193a and apolipoprotein 1 (APOL1) mRNA in glomeruli (filtration units of kidneys) is potentially involved in the pathogenesis of common glomerular diseases. Since the last decade, there has been an increasing interest in the role of miR-193a in glomerular diseases, including diabetic nephropathy and membranous nephropathy, besides FSGS. Considering the lack of biomarkers to manage FSGS and diabetic nephropathy clinically, it is worthwhile to invest in evaluating miR-193a in the pathogenesis of these diseases. What causes the upregulation of miR-193a in FSGS and how the mechanism is different in different glomerular disorders still need to be elucidated. This narrative review highlights the pathogenic mechanisms of miR-193a elevation in various glomerular diseases and its potential use in clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyita Bharati
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA; (J.B.); (M.K.); (N.K.)
- Division of Kidney Diseases and Hypertension, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra Northwell Health, Great Neck, NY 11021, USA
| | - Megan Kumar
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA; (J.B.); (M.K.); (N.K.)
| | - Neil Kumar
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA; (J.B.); (M.K.); (N.K.)
| | - Ashwani Malhotra
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA; (J.B.); (M.K.); (N.K.)
| | - Pravin C. Singhal
- Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA; (J.B.); (M.K.); (N.K.)
- Division of Kidney Diseases and Hypertension, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra Northwell Health, Great Neck, NY 11021, USA
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6
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Feng X, Chen Q, Zhong J, Yu S, Wang Y, Jiang Y, Wan J, Li L, Jiang H, Peng L, Wang A, Zhang G, Wang M, Yang H, Li Q. Molecular characteristics of circulating B cells and kidney cells at the single-cell level in special types of primary membranous nephropathy. Clin Kidney J 2023; 16:2639-2651. [PMID: 38046035 PMCID: PMC10689139 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfad215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although primary membranous nephropathy (pMN) associated with podocyte autoantibodies (POS) is becoming well-known, the molecular characteristics of the specific type of pMN that is negative for podocyte autoantibodies (NEG) is still unclear. Methods We performed single-cell transcriptome sequencing and single-cell B cell receptor sequencing on circulating CD19+ cells and kidney cells of a NEG paediatric patient with pMN. The single-cell datasets of POS patients and healthy control individuals were included for integrative analysis. Results The gene expression characteristics and clonal expansion of naïve and memory B cells in the NEG patient changed significantly. We found that a group of CD38+ naïve B cells expanded in the NEG patient, which had the functional characteristics of cell activation. In addition, the conversion between immunoglobulin M (IgM)/IgD and IgG1 in the NEG patient was increased. Parietal epithelial cells (PECs) and podocytes shared similar signature genes (WT1, CLIC5), and new candidate marker genes for PECs, such as NID2, CAV1 and THY1, might contribute to the definition of cell subsets. PECs might have undergone significant changes in the disease, mainly manifested by changes in the expression of CCN2, PLAAT4 and SEPTIN2. The scores of gene sets related to extracellular matrix, cell adhesion and calcium channel in podocytes of the NEG patient was significantly increased. The gene expression of sodium transporter in a group of proximal tubule cells in the disease was significantly increased, especially SLC5A12, which might be related to the oedema of patients. Conclusions Our research demonstrated the cell type-specific molecular features in the circulation and kidney of the NEG pMN patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Feng
- Department of Nephrology Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Qilin Chen
- Department of Nephrology Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinjie Zhong
- Department of Nephrology Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Sijie Yu
- Department of Nephrology Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Nanjing Jiangbei New Area Biopharmaceutical Public Service Platform, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yaru Jiang
- Department of Nephrology Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Junli Wan
- Department of Nephrology Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Longfei Li
- Nanjing Jiangbei New Area Biopharmaceutical Public Service Platform, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huimin Jiang
- Department of Nephrology Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Liping Peng
- Department of Nephrology Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Anshuo Wang
- Department of Nephrology Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Gaofu Zhang
- Department of Nephrology Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Mo Wang
- Department of Nephrology Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Haiping Yang
- Department of Nephrology Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiu Li
- Department of Nephrology Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing, China
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7
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García-Giménez J, Córdoba-David G, Rayego-Mateos S, Cannata-Ortiz P, Carrasco S, Ruiz-Ortega M, Fernandez-Fernandez B, Ortiz A, Ramos AM. STING1 deficiency ameliorates immune-mediated crescentic glomerulonephritis in mice. J Pathol 2023; 261:309-322. [PMID: 37650295 DOI: 10.1002/path.6177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Rapidly progressive/crescentic glomerulonephritis (RPGN/CGN) involves the formation of glomerular crescents by maladaptive differentiation of parietal epithelial cells that leads to rapid loss of renal function. The molecular mechanisms of crescent formation are poorly understood. Therefore, new insights into molecular mechanisms could identify alternative therapeutic targets for RPGN/CGN. Analysis of kidney biopsies from patients with RPGN revealed increased interstitial, glomerular, and tubular expression of STING1, an accessory protein of the c-GAS-dependent DNA-sensing pathway, which was also observed in murine nephrotoxic nephritis induced by an anti-GBM antibody. STING1 was expressed by key cell types involved in RPGN and crescent formation such as glomerular parietal epithelial cells, and tubular cells as well as by inflammation accessory cells. In functional in vivo studies, Sting1-/- mice with nephrotoxic nephritis had lower kidney cytokine expression, milder kidney infiltration by innate and adaptive immune cells, and decreased disease severity. Pharmacological STING1 inhibition mirrored these findings. Direct STING1 agonism in parietal and tubular cells activated the NF-κB-dependent cytokine response and the interferon-induced genes (ISGs) program. These responses were also triggered in a STING1-dependent manner by the pro-inflammatory cytokine TWEAK. These results identify STING1 activation as a pathological mechanism in RPGN/CGN and TWEAK as an activator of STING1. Pharmacological strategies targeting STING1, or upstream regulators may therefore be potential alternatives to treat RPGN. © 2023 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge García-Giménez
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gina Córdoba-David
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Rayego-Mateos
- Cellular Biology in Renal Diseases Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Cannata-Ortiz
- Department of Pathology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Carrasco
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Ruiz-Ortega
- Cellular Biology in Renal Diseases Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- RICORS2040, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Fernandez-Fernandez
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- RICORS2040, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- RICORS2040, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrián M Ramos
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- RICORS2040, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
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8
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Liu WB, Huang GR, Liu BL, Hu HK, Geng J, Rui HL, Gao C, Huang YJ, Huo GY, Mao JR, Lu CJ, Xu AL. Single cell landscape of parietal epithelial cells in healthy and diseased states. Kidney Int 2023; 104:108-123. [PMID: 37100348 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2023.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
The biology and diversity of glomerular parietal epithelial cells (PECs) are important for understanding podocyte regeneration and crescent formation. Although protein markers have revealed the morphological heterogeneity of PECs, the molecular characteristics of PEC subpopulations remain largely unknown. Here, we performed a comprehensive analysis of PECs using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data. Our analysis identified five distinct PEC subpopulations: PEC-A1, PEC-A2, PEC-A3, PEC-A4 and PEC-B. Among these subpopulations, PEC- A1 and PEC-A2 were characterized as podocyte progenitors while PEC-A4 represented tubular progenitors. Further dynamic signaling network analysis indicated that activation of PEC-A4 and the proliferation of PEC-A3 played pivotal roles in crescent formation. Analyses suggested that upstream signals released by podocytes, immune cells, endothelial cells and mesangial cells serve as pathogenic signals and may be promising intervention targets in crescentic glomerulonephritis. Pharmacological blockade of two such pathogenic signaling targets, proteins Mif and Csf1r, reduced hyperplasia of the PECs and crescent formation in anti-glomerular basement membrane glomerulonephritis murine models. Thus, our study demonstrates that scRNA-seq-based analysis provided valuable insights into the pathology and therapeutic strategies for crescentic glomerulonephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bin Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Guang-Rui Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Bao-Li Liu
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Kun Hu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Geng
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Liang Rui
- Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chang Gao
- Shunyi Branch, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Jiao Huang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Gui-Yang Huo
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Rong Mao
- Department of Pathology, Shaanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chuan-Jian Lu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - An-Long Xu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Functional Genes, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yatsen University, Guangzhou, China.
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9
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Bronstein R, Pace J, Gowthaman Y, Salant DJ, Mallipattu SK. Podocyte-Parietal Epithelial Cell Interdependence in Glomerular Development and Disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 2023; 34:737-750. [PMID: 36800545 PMCID: PMC10125654 DOI: 10.1681/asn.0000000000000104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Podocytes and parietal epithelial cells (PECs) are among the few principal cell types within the kidney glomerulus, the former serving as a crucial constituent of the kidney filtration barrier and the latter representing a supporting epithelial layer that adorns the inner wall of Bowman's capsule. Podocytes and PECs share a circumscript developmental lineage that only begins to diverge during the S-shaped body stage of nephron formation-occurring immediately before the emergence of the fully mature nephron. These two cell types, therefore, share a highly conserved gene expression program, evidenced by recently discovered intermediate cell types occupying a distinct spatiotemporal gene expression zone between podocytes and PECs. In addition to their homeostatic functions, podocytes and PECs also have roles in kidney pathogenesis. Rapid podocyte loss in diseases, such as rapidly progressive GN and collapsing and cellular subtypes of FSGS, is closely allied with PEC proliferation and migration toward the capillary tuft, resulting in the formation of crescents and pseudocrescents. PECs are thought to contribute to disease progression and severity, and the interdependence between these two cell types during development and in various manifestations of kidney pathology is the primary focus of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Bronstein
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Jesse Pace
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - Yogesh Gowthaman
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
| | - David J. Salant
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Sandeep K. Mallipattu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York
- Renal Section, Northport VA Medical Center, Northport, New York
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10
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Bharati J, Chander PN, Singhal PC. Parietal Epithelial Cell Behavior and Its Modulation by microRNA-193a. Biomolecules 2023; 13:266. [PMID: 36830635 PMCID: PMC9953542 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Glomerular parietal epithelial cells (PECs) have been increasingly recognized to have crucial functions. Lineage tracking in animal models showed the expression of a podocyte phenotype by PECs during normal glomerular growth and after acute podocyte injury, suggesting a reparative role of PECs. Conversely, activated PECs are speculated to be pathogenic and comprise extracapillary proliferation in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and crescentic glomerulonephritis (CrescGN). The reparative and pathogenic roles of PECs seem to represent two sides of PEC behavior directed by the local milieu and mediators. Recent studies suggest microRNA-193a (miR193a) is involved in the pathogenesis of FSGS and CrescGN. In a mouse model of primary FSGS, the induction of miR193a caused the downregulation of Wilms' tumor protein, leading to the dedifferentiation of podocytes. On the other hand, the inhibition of miR193a resulted in reduced crescent lesions in a mouse model of CrescGN. Interestingly, in vitro studies report that the downregulation of miR193a induces trans-differentiation of PECs into a podocyte phenotype. This narrative review highlights the critical role of PEC behavior in health and during disease and its modulation by miR193a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyita Bharati
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research and Department of Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra-Northwell, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
- Department of Nephrology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Praveen N. Chander
- New York Medical College, Touro College and University System Valhalla, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA
| | - Pravin C. Singhal
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research and Department of Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra-Northwell, Hempstead, NY 11549, USA
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11
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Huang Y, Zhao X, Zhang Q, Yang X, Hou G, Peng C, Jia M, Zhou L, Yamamoto T, Zheng J. Novel therapeutic perspectives for crescentic glomerulonephritis through targeting parietal epithelial cell activation and proliferation. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2023; 27:55-69. [PMID: 36738160 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2023.2177534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Kidney injury is clinically classified as crescentic glomerulonephritis (CrGN) when ≥50% of the glomeruli in a biopsy sample contain crescentic lesions. However, current strategies, such as systemic immunosuppressive therapy and plasmapheresis for CrGN, are partially effective, and these drugs have considerable systemic side effects. Hence, targeted therapy to prevent glomerular crescent formation and expansion remains an unmet clinical need. AREAS COVERED Hyperproliferative parietal epithelial cells (PECs) are the main constituent cells of the glomerular crescent with cell-tracing evidence. Crescents obstruct the flow of primary urine, pressure the capillaries, and degenerate the affected nephrons. We reviewed the markers of PEC activation and proliferation, potential therapeutic effects of thrombin and thrombin receptor inhibitors, and how podocytes cross-talk with PECs. These experiments may help identify potential early specific targets for the prevention and treatment of glomerular crescentic injury. EXPERT OPINION Inhibiting PEC activation and proliferation in CrGN can alleviate glomerular crescent progression, which has been supported by preclinical studies with evidence of genetic deletion. Clarifying the outcome of PEC transformation to the podocyte phenotype and suppressing thrombin, thrombin receptors, and PEC hyperproliferation in early therapeutic strategies will be the research goals in the next ten years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Huang
- School of Pediatric Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xueru Zhao
- School of Pediatric Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Qiushuang Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoqing Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Gailing Hou
- School of Pediatric Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Chaoqun Peng
- School of Pediatric Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Mengzhen Jia
- School of Pediatric Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Li Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tatsuo Yamamoto
- Department of Nephrology, Fujieda Municipal General Hospital, 4-1-11 Surugadai, Fujieda, Japan
| | - Jian Zheng
- Institute of Pediatrics of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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12
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Cao Y, Lin JH, Hammes HP, Zhang C. Cellular phenotypic transitions in diabetic nephropathy: An update. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1038073. [PMID: 36408221 PMCID: PMC9666367 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1038073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetes and is the most common cause of end stage renal disease (ESRD). Renal fibrosis is the final pathological change in DN. It is widely believed that cellular phenotypic switching is the cause of renal fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy. Several types of kidney cells undergo activation and differentiation and become reprogrammed to express markers of mesenchymal cells or podocyte-like cells. However, the development of targeted therapy for DN has not yet been identified. Here, we discussed the pathophysiologic changes of DN and delineated the possible origins that contribute to myofibroblasts and podocytes through phenotypic transitions. We also highlight the molecular signaling pathways involved in the phenotypic transition, which would provide valuable information for the activation of phenotypic switching and designing effective therapies for DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiling Cao
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ji-Hong Lin
- 5th Medical Department, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Hammes
- 5th Medical Department, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China,*Correspondence: Chun Zhang,
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13
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HAYASHI A, OKAMOTO T, NIO-KOBAYASHI J, IWAHARA N, SUZUKI R, UEDA Y, TAKAHASHI T, Yasuyuki SATO, IWANAGA T, HOTTA K. CD44 as a pathological marker for the early detection of calcineurin inhibitor-induced nephrotoxicity post kidney transplantation. Biomed Res 2022; 43:181-186. [DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.43.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Asako HAYASHI
- Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Takayuki OKAMOTO
- Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Junko NIO-KOBAYASHI
- Laboratory of Histology and Cytology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Naoya IWAHARA
- Department of Renal Genitourinary Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Ryota SUZUKI
- Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Yasuhiro UEDA
- Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine
| | | | - Yasuyuki SATO
- Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Toshihiko IWANAGA
- Laboratory of Histology and Cytology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Kiyohiko HOTTA
- Department of Renal Genitourinary Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine
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14
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Lausecker F, Koehler S, Fresquet M, Naylor RW, Tian P, Wanner N, Braun F, Butt L, Huber TB, Lennon R. Integrating basic science with translational research: the 13th International Podocyte Conference 2021. Kidney Int 2022; 102:708-719. [PMID: 35964799 PMCID: PMC9386279 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2022.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The 13th International Podocyte Conference was held in Manchester, UK, and online from July 28 to 30, 2021. Originally planned for 2020, this biannual meeting was postponed by a year because of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and proceeded as an innovative hybrid meeting. In addition to in-person attendance, online registration was offered, and this attracted 490 conference registrations in total. As a Podocyte Conference first, a day for early-career researchers was introduced. This premeeting included talks from graduate students and postdoctoral researchers. It gave early career researchers the opportunity to ask a panel, comprising academic leaders and journal editors, about career pathways and the future for podocyte research. The main meeting over 3 days included a keynote talk and 4 focused sessions each day incorporating invited talks, followed by selected abstract presentations, and an open panel discussion. The conference concluded with a Patient Day, which brought together patients, clinicians, researchers, and industry representatives. The Patient Day was an interactive and diverse day. As well as updates on improving diagnosis and potential new therapies, the Patient Day included a PodoArt competition, exercise and cooking classes with practical nutrition advice, and inspirational stories from patients and family members. This review summarizes the exciting science presented during the 13th International Podocyte Conference and demonstrates the resilience of researchers during a global pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Lausecker
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Sybille Koehler
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maryline Fresquet
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Richard W Naylor
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Pinyuan Tian
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Nicola Wanner
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Braun
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Linus Butt
- Department II of Internal Medicine and Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tobias B Huber
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Rachel Lennon
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Division of Cell-Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK; Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester University Hospitals National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.
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15
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Wilson SB, Howden SE, Vanslambrouck JM, Dorison A, Alquicira-Hernandez J, Powell JE, Little MH. DevKidCC allows for robust classification and direct comparisons of kidney organoid datasets. Genome Med 2022. [PMID: 35189942 DOI: 10.1101/2021.01.20.427346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While single-cell transcriptional profiling has greatly increased our capacity to interrogate biology, accurate cell classification within and between datasets is a key challenge. This is particularly so in pluripotent stem cell-derived organoids which represent a model of a developmental system. Here, clustering algorithms and selected marker genes can fail to accurately classify cellular identity while variation in analyses makes it difficult to meaningfully compare datasets. Kidney organoids provide a valuable resource to understand kidney development and disease. However, direct comparison of relative cellular composition between protocols has proved challenging. Hence, an unbiased approach for classifying cell identity is required. METHODS The R package, scPred, was trained on multiple single cell RNA-seq datasets of human fetal kidney. A hierarchical model classified cellular subtypes into nephron, stroma and ureteric epithelial elements. This model, provided in the R package DevKidCC ( github.com/KidneyRegeneration/DevKidCC ), was then used to predict relative cell identity within published kidney organoid datasets generated using distinct cell lines and differentiation protocols, interrogating the impact of such variations. The package contains custom functions for the display of differential gene expression within cellular subtypes. RESULTS DevKidCC was used to directly compare between distinct kidney organoid protocols, identifying differences in relative proportions of cell types at all hierarchical levels of the model and highlighting variations in stromal and unassigned cell types, nephron progenitor prevalence and relative maturation of individual epithelial segments. Of note, DevKidCC was able to distinguish distal nephron from ureteric epithelium, cell types with overlapping profiles that have previously confounded analyses. When applied to a variation in protocol via the addition of retinoic acid, DevKidCC identified a consequential depletion of nephron progenitors. CONCLUSIONS The application of DevKidCC to kidney organoids reproducibly classifies component cellular identity within distinct single-cell datasets. The application of the tool is summarised in an interactive Shiny application, as are examples of the utility of in-built functions for data presentation. This tool will enable the consistent and rapid comparison of kidney organoid protocols, driving improvements in patterning to kidney endpoints and validating new approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean B Wilson
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Flemington Rd, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Parkville, Australia
| | - Sara E Howden
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Flemington Rd, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Parkville, Australia
| | | | - Aude Dorison
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Flemington Rd, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jose Alquicira-Hernandez
- Garvan-Weizmann Centre for Cellular Genomics, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joseph E Powell
- Garvan-Weizmann Centre for Cellular Genomics, The Kinghorn Cancer Centre, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- UNSW Cellular Genomics Futures Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Melissa H Little
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Flemington Rd, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Parkville, Australia.
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Parkville, Australia.
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Stem Cell Medicine, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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16
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Molecular Mechanisms of Kidney Injury and Repair. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031542. [PMID: 35163470 PMCID: PMC8835923 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) will become the fifth global cause of death by 2040, thus emphasizing the need to better understand the molecular mechanisms of damage and regeneration in the kidney. CKD predisposes to acute kidney injury (AKI) which, in turn, promotes CKD progression. This implies that CKD or the AKI-to-CKD transition are associated with dysfunctional kidney repair mechanisms. Current therapeutic options slow CKD progression but fail to treat or accelerate recovery from AKI and are unable to promote kidney regeneration. Unraveling the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in kidney injury and repair, including the failure of this process, may provide novel biomarkers and therapeutic tools. We now review the contribution of different molecular and cellular events to the AKI-to-CKD transition, focusing on the role of macrophages in kidney injury, the different forms of regulated cell death and necroinflammation, cellular senescence and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SAPS), polyploidization, and podocyte injury and activation of parietal epithelial cells. Next, we discuss key contributors to repair of kidney injury and opportunities for their therapeutic manipulation, with a focus on resident renal progenitor cells, stem cells and their reparative secretome, certain macrophage subphenotypes within the M2 phenotype and senescent cell clearance.
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17
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Miesen L, Bándi P, Willemsen B, Mooren F, Strieder T, Boldrini E, Drenic V, Eymael J, Wetzels R, Lotz J, Weiss N, Steenbergen E, van Kuppevelt TH, van Erp M, van der Laak J, Endlich N, Moeller MJ, Wetzels JF, Jansen J, Smeets B. Parietal epithelial cells maintain the epithelial cell continuum forming Bowman's space in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Dis Model Mech 2021; 15:273803. [PMID: 34927672 PMCID: PMC8938403 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.046342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In the glomerulus, Bowman's space is formed by a continuum of glomerular epithelial cells. In focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), glomeruli show segmental scarring, a result of activated parietal epithelial cells (PECs) invading the glomerular tuft. The segmental scars interrupt the epithelial continuum. However, non-sclerotic segments seem to be preserved even in glomeruli with advanced lesions. We studied the histology of the segmental pattern in Munich Wistar Frömter rats, a model for secondary FSGS. Our results showed that matrix layers lined with PECs cover the sclerotic lesions. These PECs formed contacts with podocytes of the uninvolved tuft segments, restoring the epithelial continuum. Formed Bowman's spaces were still connected to the tubular system. In biopsies of patients with secondary FSGS, we also detected matrix layers formed by PECs, separating the uninvolved from the sclerotic glomerular segments. PECs have a major role in the formation of glomerulosclerosis; we show here that in FSGS they also restore the glomerular epithelial cell continuum that surrounds Bowman's space. This process may be beneficial and indispensable for glomerular filtration in the uninvolved segments of sclerotic glomeruli. Summary: Histological analysis of rat and human kidneys reveals a novel role for parietal epithelial cells (PECs) in glomerulosclerosis. PECs seem to restore the glomerular epithelial continuum, which may avert further loss of glomerular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Miesen
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Péter Bándi
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Brigith Willemsen
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Fieke Mooren
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Thiago Strieder
- Division of Nephrology and Immunology, University hospital of the RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | - Eva Boldrini
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Jennifer Eymael
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Roy Wetzels
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Johannes Lotz
- Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Medicine MEVIS, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Nick Weiss
- Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Medicine MEVIS, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Eric Steenbergen
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Toin H. van Kuppevelt
- Department of Biochemistry, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Merijn van Erp
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jeroen van der Laak
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Nicole Endlich
- NIPOKA GmbH, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Marcus J. Moeller
- Division of Nephrology and Immunology, University hospital of the RWTH Aachen, Germany
| | - Jack F.M. Wetzels
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud univerity medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Jitske Jansen
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Amalia Children's Hospital, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Bart Smeets
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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18
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Chung H, Komada T, Lau A, Chappellaz M, Platnich JM, de Koning HD, Petri B, Luque Y, Walker S, Benediktsson H, Mesnard L, Chun J, Muruve DA. AIM2 Suppresses Inflammation and Epithelial Cell Proliferation during Glomerulonephritis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 207:2799-2812. [PMID: 34740957 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Absent in melanoma-2 (AIM2) is an inflammasome-forming innate immune sensor for dsDNA but also exhibits inflammasome-independent functions such as restricting cellular proliferation. AIM2 is expressed in the kidney, but its localization and function are not fully characterized. In normal human glomeruli, AIM2 localized to podocytes. In patients with glomerulonephritis, AIM2 expression increased in CD44+-activated parietal epithelial cells within glomerular crescents. To explore AIM2 effects in glomerular disease, studies in Aim2 -/- mice were performed. Aim2-/- glomeruli showed reduced expression of Wilm tumor gene-1 (WT1), WT1-driven podocyte genes, and increased proliferation in outgrowth assays. In a nephrotoxic serum (NTS)-induced glomerulonephritis model, Aim2-/- (B6) mice exhibited more severe glomerular crescent formation, tubular injury, inflammation, and proteinuria compared with wild-type controls. Inflammasome activation markers were absent in both Aim2 -/- and wild-type kidneys, despite an increased inflammatory transcriptomic signature in Aim2 -/- mice. Aim2 -/- mice also demonstrated dysregulated cellular proliferation and an increase in CD44+ parietal epithelial cells during glomerulonephritis. The augmented inflammation and epithelial cell proliferation in Aim2 -/- (B6) mice was not due to genetic background, as Aim2 -/- (B6.129) mice demonstrated a similar phenotype during NTS glomerulonephritis. The AIM2-like receptor (ALR) locus was necessary for the inflammatory glomerulonephritis phenotype observed in Aim2 -/- mice, as NTS-treated ALR -/- mice displayed equal levels of injury as wild-type controls. Podocyte outgrowth from ALR -/- glomeruli was still increased, however, confirming that the ALR locus is dispensable for AIM2 effects on epithelial cell proliferation. These results identify a noncanonical role for AIM2 in suppressing inflammation and epithelial cell proliferation during glomerulonephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjae Chung
- Department of Medicine, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Takanori Komada
- Department of Medicine, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Arthur Lau
- Department of Medicine, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mona Chappellaz
- Department of Medicine, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jaye M Platnich
- Department of Medicine, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Heleen D de Koning
- Department of Dermatology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Björn Petri
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yosu Luque
- Soins Intensifs Néphrologiques et Rein Aigu (SINRA), Département de Néphrologie, Hôpital Tenon, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Inserm UMR_S1155, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; and
| | - Simon Walker
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Hallgrimur Benediktsson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Laurent Mesnard
- Soins Intensifs Néphrologiques et Rein Aigu (SINRA), Département de Néphrologie, Hôpital Tenon, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Inserm UMR_S1155, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France; and
| | - Justin Chun
- Department of Medicine, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Daniel A Muruve
- Department of Medicine, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada;
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Sánchez Fernández de la Vega J, Martínez-Onsurbe MP, Alonso Garcia S, Alba Losada J, Alonso Riaño M, Pardo Mindán FJ. [Reinterpretation of the Malpighian body in light of the existence of a single glomerular arteriole (Trabucco and Marquez)]. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE PATOLOGIA : PUBLICACION OFICIAL DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE ANATOMIA PATOLOGICA Y DE LA SOCIEDAD ESPANOLA DE CITOLOGIA 2021; 54:220-233. [PMID: 34544552 DOI: 10.1016/j.patol.2021.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In 1842 William Bowman described the microvascular system of the Malpighian body. Electron microscopic studies definitively revealed the spatial structure of its mesangial-capillary-epithelial component. In 1952-54 Trabucco and Marquez challenged the ideas of Bowman, demonstrating the existence of a single glomerular arteriole. Our study supports the finding of a single glomerular arteriole, leading to a definitive interpretation of the Malpighian body structure. MATERIALS AND METHODS Serial histological studies were carried out of the vascular pole in a case of oligomeganephrotic renal hypoplasia and the immunohistochemical study of embryonal glomerular development (15 embryos aged between 7 and 11weeks), with alpha-actin (smooth muscle marker), CD31 and CD34 (endothelial markers) and CD10 (podocyte marker). RESULTS The study of the glomerular vascular pole in the case of oligomeganephrotic renal hypoplasia supports the existence of a single glomerular arteriole. Our immunohistochemical study confirmed this finding and provided data on the morphogenesis of the mesangial-capillary-epithelial component of the Malpighian body. CONCLUSIONS There exist a single glomerular arteriole. Mesangial and endothelial cells originating from a single glomerular arteriole interact with an epithelial component derived from the nephrogenic vesicle which then generate the lobular glomerular tuft, providing the basis for a definitive interpretation of the structure of the Malpighian body. There is no scientific base to the interpretation of the glomerular microvascular system as having two glomerular arterioles with an intercalated capillary network.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M Pilar Martínez-Onsurbe
- Anatomía Patológica, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, España
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20
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Lu YA, Liao CT, Raybould R, Talabani B, Grigorieva I, Szomolay B, Bowen T, Andrews R, Taylor PR, Fraser D. Single-Nucleus RNA Sequencing Identifies New Classes of Proximal Tubular Epithelial Cells in Kidney Fibrosis. J Am Soc Nephrol 2021; 32:2501-2516. [PMID: 34155061 PMCID: PMC8722798 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2020081143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proximal tubular cells (PTCs) are the most abundant cell type in the kidney. PTCs are central to normal kidney function and to regeneration versus organ fibrosis following injury. This study used single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNAseq) to describe the phenotype of PTCs in renal fibrosis. METHODS Kidneys were harvested from naïve mice and from mice with renal fibrosis induced by chronic aristolochic acid administration. Nuclei were isolated using Nuclei EZ Lysis buffer. Libraries were prepared on the 10× platform, and snRNAseq was completed using the Illumina NextSeq 550 System. Genome mapping was carried out with high-performance computing. RESULTS A total of 23,885 nuclei were analyzed. PTCs were found in five abundant clusters, mapping to S1, S1-S2, S2, S2-cortical S3, and medullary S3 segments. Additional cell clusters ("new PTC clusters") were at low abundance in normal kidney and in increased number in kidneys undergoing regeneration/fibrosis following injury. These clusters exhibited clear molecular phenotypes, permitting labeling as proliferating, New-PT1, New-PT2, and (present only following injury) New-PT3. Each cluster exhibited a unique gene expression signature, including multiple genes previously associated with renal injury response and fibrosis progression. Comprehensive pathway analyses revealed metabolic reprogramming, enrichment of cellular communication and cell motility, and various immune activations in new PTC clusters. In ligand-receptor analysis, new PTC clusters promoted fibrotic signaling to fibroblasts and inflammatory activation to macrophages. CONCLUSIONS These data identify unrecognized PTC phenotype heterogeneity and reveal novel PTCs associated with kidney fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueh-An Lu
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom,Wales Kidney Research Unit, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom,Division of Nephrology, Kidney Research Center, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Te Liao
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom,Systems Immunity University Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University–Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan,Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan,Taipei Medical University-Research Center of Urology and Kidney, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Rachel Raybould
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom,Systems Immunity University Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom,Dementia Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Bnar Talabani
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom,Wales Kidney Research Unit, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom,Systems Immunity University Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Irina Grigorieva
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom,Wales Kidney Research Unit, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara Szomolay
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom,Systems Immunity University Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy Bowen
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom,Wales Kidney Research Unit, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Andrews
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom,Systems Immunity University Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Philip R. Taylor
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom,Systems Immunity University Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom,Dementia Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Donald Fraser
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom,Wales Kidney Research Unit, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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21
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Sun K, Xie Q, Hao CM. Mechanisms of Scarring in Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis. KIDNEY DISEASES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 7:350-358. [PMID: 34604342 PMCID: PMC8443927 DOI: 10.1159/000517108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) is a histologic pattern characterized by focal glomerular scarring, which often progresses to systemic and diffuse glomerulosclerosis. Previous studies have emphasized that the initiation of classic FSGS occurs in podocytes. The dysfunction and loss of podocytes have been associated with the development of proteinuria and the progression of various diseases. In addition, primary, secondary, and genetic FSGS are caused by different mechanisms of podocyte injury. SUMMARY The potential sources and mechanism of podocyte supplementation are the focus of our current research. Increasing attention has been paid to the role played by parietal epithelial cells (PECs) during the progression of FSGS. PECs are not only the primary influencing factors in glomerulosclerosis lesions but also have repair abilities, which remain a focus of debate. Notably, other resident glomerular cells also play significant roles in the progression of this disease. KEY MESSAGE In this review, we focus on the mechanism of scarring in FSGS and discuss current and potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Sun
- Division of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qionghong Xie
- Division of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuan-Ming Hao
- Division of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Nephrology Division, Vanderbilt University Medical Center School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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22
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Parietal epithelial cell dysfunction in crescentic glomerulonephritis. Cell Tissue Res 2021; 385:345-354. [PMID: 34453566 PMCID: PMC8523405 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-021-03513-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Crescentic glomerulonephritis represents a group of kidney diseases characterized by rapid loss of kidney function and the formation of glomerular crescents. While the role of the immune system has been extensively studied in relation to the development of crescents, recent findings show that parietal epithelial cells play a key role in the pathophysiology of crescent formation, even in the absence of immune modulation. This review highlights our current understanding of parietal epithelial cell biology and the reported physiological and pathological roles that these cells play in glomerular lesion formation, especially in the context of crescentic glomerulonephritis.
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23
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Interplay between extracellular matrix components and cellular and molecular mechanisms in kidney fibrosis. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:1999-2029. [PMID: 34427291 DOI: 10.1042/cs20201016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by pathological accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in renal structures. Tubulointerstitial fibrosis is observed in glomerular diseases as well as in the regeneration failure of acute kidney injury (AKI). Therefore, finding antifibrotic therapies comprises an intensive research field in Nephrology. Nowadays, ECM is not only considered as a cellular scaffold, but also exerts important cellular functions. In this review, we describe the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in kidney fibrosis, paying particular attention to ECM components, profibrotic factors and cell-matrix interactions. In response to kidney damage, activation of glomerular and/or tubular cells may induce aberrant phenotypes characterized by overproduction of proinflammatory and profibrotic factors, and thus contribute to CKD progression. Among ECM components, matricellular proteins can regulate cell-ECM interactions, as well as cellular phenotype changes. Regarding kidney fibrosis, one of the most studied matricellular proteins is cellular communication network-2 (CCN2), also called connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), currently considered as a fibrotic marker and a potential therapeutic target. Integrins connect the ECM proteins to the actin cytoskeleton and several downstream signaling pathways that enable cells to respond to external stimuli in a coordinated manner and maintain optimal tissue stiffness. In kidney fibrosis, there is an increase in ECM deposition, lower ECM degradation and ECM proteins cross-linking, leading to an alteration in the tissue mechanical properties and their responses to injurious stimuli. A better understanding of these complex cellular and molecular events could help us to improve the antifibrotic therapies for CKD.
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24
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Schumacher A, Rookmaaker MB, Joles JA, Kramann R, Nguyen TQ, van Griensven M, LaPointe VLS. Defining the variety of cell types in developing and adult human kidneys by single-cell RNA sequencing. NPJ Regen Med 2021; 6:45. [PMID: 34381054 PMCID: PMC8357940 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-021-00156-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The kidney is among the most complex organs in terms of the variety of cell types. The cellular complexity of human kidneys is not fully unraveled and this challenge is further complicated by the existence of multiple progenitor pools and differentiation pathways. Researchers disagree on the variety of renal cell types due to a lack of research providing a comprehensive picture and the challenge to translate findings between species. To find an answer to the number of human renal cell types, we discuss research that used single-cell RNA sequencing on developing and adult human kidney tissue and compares these findings to the literature of the pre-single-cell RNA sequencing era. We find that these publications show major steps towards the discovery of novel cell types and intermediate cell stages as well as complex molecular signatures and lineage pathways throughout development. The variety of cell types remains variable in the single-cell literature, which is due to the limitations of the technique. Nevertheless, our analysis approaches an accumulated number of 41 identified cell populations of renal lineage and 32 of non-renal lineage in the adult kidney, and there is certainly much more to discover. There is still a need for a consensus on a variety of definitions and standards in single-cell RNA sequencing research, such as the definition of what is a cell type. Nevertheless, this early-stage research already proves to be of significant impact for both clinical and regenerative medicine, and shows potential to enhance the generation of sophisticated in vitro kidney tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Schumacher
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - M B Rookmaaker
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J A Joles
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - R Kramann
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T Q Nguyen
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M van Griensven
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - V L S LaPointe
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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25
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Establishment and characterization of a novel conditionally immortalized human parietal epithelial cell line. Exp Cell Res 2021; 405:112712. [PMID: 34181939 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Parietal epithelial cells (PECs) are epithelial cells in the kidney, surrounding Bowman's space. When activated, PECs increase in cell volume, proliferate, migrate to the glomerular tuft and excrete extracellular matrix. Activated PECs are crucially involved in the formation of sclerotic lesions, seen in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). In FSGS, a number of glomeruli show segmental sclerotic lesions. Further disease progression will lead to increasing number of involved glomeruli and gradual destruction of the affected glomeruli. Although the involvement of PECs in FSGS has been acknowledged, little is known about the molecular processes driving PEC activation. To get more insights in this process, accurate in vivo and in vitro models are needed. Here, we describe the development and characterization of a novel conditionally immortalized human PEC (ciPEC) line. We demonstrated that ciPECs are differentiated when grown under growth-restrictive conditions and express important PEC-specific markers, while lacking podocyte and endothelial markers. In addition, ciPECs showed PEC-like morphology and responded to IL-1β treatment. We therefore conclude that we have successfully generated a novel PEC line, which can be used for future studies on the role of PECs in FSGS.
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26
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Hsiao CC, Hou YS, Liu YH, Ko JY, Lee CT. Combined Melatonin and Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy Enhances Podocyte Protection and Ameliorates Kidney Function in a Diabetic Nephropathy Rat Model. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050733. [PMID: 34066452 PMCID: PMC8148201 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is common complication of diabetes. Current therapy for DN does not include promotion of podocyte protection. Therefore, we investigated the therapeutic effect of melatonin (Mel) combined extracorporeal shock wave (SW) therapy on a DN rat model. (2) Methods: The DN rats were treated with Mel (5 mg/kg) twice a week for 6 weeks and SW treatment once a week (0.13 mJ/mm2) for 6 weeks. We assessed urine microalbumin, albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR), glomerular hypertrophy, glomerular fibrosis, podocyte markers (Wilm’s tumor protein-1, synaptopodin and nephrin), cell proliferation, cell survival, cell apoptosis, renal inflammation and renal oxidative stress. (3) Results: The Mel combined SW therapy regimen significantly reduced urine microalbumin excretion (3.3 ± 0.5 mg/dL, p < 0.001), ACR (65.2 ± 8.3 mg/g, p < 0.001), glomerular hypertrophy (3.1 ± 0.1 × 106 μm3, p < 0.01) and glomerular fibrosis (0.9 ± 0.4 relative mRNA fold, p < 0.05). Moreover, the Mel combined SW therapy regimen significantly increased podocyte number (44.1 ± 5.0% area of synaptopodin, p < 0.001) in the Mel combined SW group. This is likely primarily because Mel combined with SW therapy significantly reduced renal inflammation (753 ± 46 pg/mg, p < 0.01), renal oxidative stress (0.6 ± 0.04 relative density, p < 0.05), and apoptosis (0.3 ± 0.03 relative density, p < 0.001), and also significantly increased cell proliferation (2.0 ± 0.2% area proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), p < 0.01), cell survival, and nephrin level (4.2 ± 0.4 ng/mL, p < 0.001). (4) Conclusions: Mel combined SW therapy enhances podocyte protection and ameliorates kidney function in a DN rat model. Mel combined SW therapy may serve as a novel noninvasive and effective treatment of DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Chun Hsiao
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (C.-C.H.); (Y.-S.H.); (Y.-H.L.)
- Center for Shockwave Medicine and Tissue Engineering, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan;
| | - You-Syuan Hou
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (C.-C.H.); (Y.-S.H.); (Y.-H.L.)
| | - Yu-Hsuan Liu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (C.-C.H.); (Y.-S.H.); (Y.-H.L.)
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Jih-Yang Ko
- Center for Shockwave Medicine and Tissue Engineering, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan;
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Te Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang-Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-7731-7123 (ext. 8306)
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Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals the mesangial identity and species diversity of glomerular cell transcriptomes. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2141. [PMID: 33837218 PMCID: PMC8035407 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22331-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Molecular characterization of the individual cell types in human kidney as well as model organisms are critical in defining organ function and understanding translational aspects of biomedical research. Previous studies have uncovered gene expression profiles of several kidney glomerular cell types, however, important cells, including mesangial (MCs) and glomerular parietal epithelial cells (PECs), are missing or incompletely described, and a systematic comparison between mouse and human kidney is lacking. To this end, we use Smart-seq2 to profile 4332 individual glomerulus-associated cells isolated from human living donor renal biopsies and mouse kidney. The analysis reveals genetic programs for all four glomerular cell types (podocytes, glomerular endothelial cells, MCs and PECs) as well as rare glomerulus-associated macula densa cells. Importantly, we detect heterogeneity in glomerulus-associated Pdgfrb-expressing cells, including bona fide intraglomerular MCs with the functionally active phagocytic molecular machinery, as well as a unique mural cell type located in the central stalk region of the glomerulus tuft. Furthermore, we observe remarkable species differences in the individual gene expression profiles of defined glomerular cell types that highlight translational challenges in the field and provide a guide to design translational studies. The molecular identity of renal glomerular cells is poorly characterized and rodent glomerulopathy models translate poorly to humans. Here, the authors show molecular signatures of glomerulus-associated cells using single cell RNA sequencing and highlight differences between mouse and human cells.
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Parietal epithelial cells role in repair versus scarring after glomerular injury. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2021; 29:293-301. [PMID: 32235272 DOI: 10.1097/mnh.0000000000000600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The recent years have been marked by the publication of several articles highlighting the pathophysiological role of glomerular parietal epithelial cells (PEC) and refining their phenotypic heterogeneity. RECENT FINDINGS The present review synthetizes recent findings on (i) the potential regenerative role of PEC in glomerular diseases, and (ii) the mechanisms and signaling of leading to PEC pathogenic involvement in crescentic glomerulonephritis (CGN) and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). SUMMARY The debate is still open regarding the podocyte regenerative properties of PEC in glomerular disease, whereas the pathogenic involvement of PEC activation in glomerular disease is increasingly admitted. Recent highlights on the podocyte regenerative role of PEC, on one hand, and on their pathological function, on the other hand, for sure will feed the debate in the kidney community for the next years. Nevertheless, from a therapeutic perspective, the two options, boosting cellular regeneration and blocking PECs pathogenicity, should not be seen as antagonistic but, rather, complementary.
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Mayer AL, Scheitacker I, Ebert N, Klein T, Amann K, Daniel C. The dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor linagliptin ameliorates renal injury and accelerated resolution in a rat model of crescentic nephritis. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 178:878-895. [PMID: 33171531 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitors are a class of oral glucose-lowering drugs used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. In a pilot study using human kidney biopsies, we observed high DPP-4 expression in early crescent formation. This glomerular lesion occurs in different kidney diseases and is a hallmark in the pathogenesis of renal dysfunction. Therefore, we investigated the potential involvement of DPP-4 in the pathogenesis of nephritis induced by anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) antibody in rats. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Linagliptin and vehicle were used to treat anti-GBM nephritis in a 2- and 8-week regimen, that is either preventive or therapeutic (treatment started 7 days or 4 weeks after disease induction). Kidney function, morphologic changes, inflammation and fibrosis were monitored. KEY RESULTS In the long-term experiment, linagliptin preventive treatment in anti-GBM nephritic rats significantly reduced the number of crescents, glomerulosclerosis, tubular injury and renal fibrosis, compared with those in untreated nephritic rats. Both linagliptin regimes significantly lowered the number of Pax8+ cells on the glomerular tuft in anti-GBM nephritis, indicating accelerated resolution of the cellular crescents. The linagliptin treatment did not change the podocyte stress in both therapeutic groups. Therapeutic intervention with linagliptin resulted in weaker amelioration of renal disease on Week 8 than did preventive intervention. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS DPP-4 inhibition with linagliptin ameliorates renal injury in a rat model of anti-GBM, indicating that linagliptin not only is a secure therapy in diabetes but also can improve resolution of glomerular injury and healing in non-diabetic renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Lena Mayer
- Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Iris Scheitacker
- Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Nadja Ebert
- Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas Klein
- Department of Cardio-metabolic Diseases, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH Co KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Kerstin Amann
- Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph Daniel
- Department of Nephropathology, Institute of Pathology, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Kawaguchi T, Hasegawa K, Yasuda I, Muraoka H, Umino H, Tokuyama H, Hashiguchi A, Wakino S, Itoh H. Diabetic condition induces hypertrophy and vacuolization in glomerular parietal epithelial cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1515. [PMID: 33452384 PMCID: PMC7810998 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81027-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is accompanied by characteristic changes in the glomerulus, but little is known about the effect of diabetes on parietal epithelial cells (PECs). In this study, a descriptive analysis of PECs was undertaken in diabetic db/db mice and in diabetic patients. PEC hypertrophy was significantly more prominent in diabetic mice than in nondiabetic mice, and this was evident even at the early stage. Additionally, the number of vacuoles in PECs was markedly increased in diabetic mice, suggesting the presence of cellular injury in PECs in DN. Although rare, binuclear cells were observed in mice with early diabetes. In cultured PECs, a high glucose condition, compared with normal glucose condition, induced cellular hypertrophy and apoptosis. Flow cytometry showed that some PECs in the G0 phase reentered the cell cycle but got arrested in the S phase. Finally, in human diabetic subjects, hypertrophy and vacuolization were observed in the PECs. Our data showed that PECs undergo substantial changes in DN and may participate in rearrangement for differentiation into podocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahisa Kawaguchi
- grid.26091.3c0000 0004 1936 9959Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Hasegawa
- grid.26091.3c0000 0004 1936 9959Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan
| | - Itaru Yasuda
- grid.26091.3c0000 0004 1936 9959Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan
| | - Hirokazu Muraoka
- grid.26091.3c0000 0004 1936 9959Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Umino
- grid.26091.3c0000 0004 1936 9959Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan
| | - Hirobumi Tokuyama
- grid.26091.3c0000 0004 1936 9959Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan
| | - Akinori Hashiguchi
- grid.26091.3c0000 0004 1936 9959Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan
| | - Shu Wakino
- grid.26091.3c0000 0004 1936 9959Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Itoh
- grid.26091.3c0000 0004 1936 9959Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan
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31
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Lazareth H, Lenoir O, Hénique C, Bouzigues C, Boucheix C, Tharaux PL. [De novo expression of tetraspanin CD9 in parietal epithelial cells promotes extracapillary glomerulonephritis]. Med Sci (Paris) 2020; 36:852-855. [PMID: 33026325 DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2020154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Lazareth
- Inserm UMRS 970, Paris centre de recherche cardiovasculaire (PARCC), 56 rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France. - Université de Paris, UMRS 970, 56 rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France. - Service de néphrologie, Hôpital européen Georges-Pompidou, Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, 56 rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France. - Laboratoire d'optique et biosciences, École polytechnique, CNRS UMR7645, Inserm U1182, Université Paris-Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Olivia Lenoir
- Inserm UMRS 970, Paris centre de recherche cardiovasculaire (PARCC), 56 rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France. - Université de Paris, UMRS 970, 56 rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Carole Hénique
- Institut Mondor de recherche biomédicale, Inserm U955, équipe 21, Université Paris-est Créteil, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Cédric Bouzigues
- Laboratoire d'optique et biosciences, École polytechnique, CNRS UMR7645, Inserm U1182, Université Paris-Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | | | - Pierre-Louis Tharaux
- Inserm UMRS 970, Paris centre de recherche cardiovasculaire (PARCC), 56 rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France. - Université de Paris, UMRS 970, 56 rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France
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32
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Ye C, Xiong W, Lei CT, Tang H, Su H, Yi F, Zhang C. MAD2B contributes to parietal epithelial cell activation and crescentic glomerulonephritis via Skp2. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2020; 319:F636-F646. [PMID: 32830536 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00216.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint protein 2 (MAD2B), a well-known anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) inhibitor and a small subunit of DNA polymerase-ζ, is critical for mitotic control and DNA repair. Previously, we detected a strong increase of MAD2B in the glomeruli from patients with crescentic glomerulonephritis and anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) rats, which predominantly originated from activated parietal epithelial cells (PECs). Consistently, in vitro MAD2B was increased in TNF-α-treated PECs, along with cell activation and proliferation, as well as extracellular matrix accumulation, which could be reversed by MAD2B genetic depletion. Furthermore, we found that expression of S phase kinase-associated protein 2 (Skp2), an APC/CCDH1 substrate, was increased in the glomeruli of anti-GBM rats, and TNF-α-stimulated PECs and could be suppressed by MAD2B depletion. Additionally, genetic deletion of Skp2 inhibited TNF-α-induced PEC activation and dysfunction. Finally, TNF-α blockade or glucocorticoid therapy administered to anti-GBM rats could ameliorate MAD2B and Skp2 accumulation as well as weaken PEC activation. Collectively, our data suggest that MAD2B has a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of glomerular PEC activation and crescent formation through induction of Skp2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Ye
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chun-Tao Lei
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hua Su
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fan Yi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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33
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He Q, Mok TN, Yun L, He C, Li J, Pan J. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of human kidney reveals the presence of ACE2 receptor: A potential pathway of COVID-19 infection. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2020; 8:e1442. [PMID: 32744436 PMCID: PMC7435545 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A novel coronavirus called SARS-Cov-2, which shared 82% similarity of genome sequence with SARS-CoV, was found in Wuhan in late December of 2019, causing an epidemic outbreak of novel coronavirus-induced pneumonia with dramatically increasing number of cases. Several organs are vulnerable to COVID-19 infection. Acute kidney injury (AKI) was reported in parts of case-studies reporting characteristics of COVID-19 patients. This study aimed at analyzing the potential route of SARS-Cov-2 entry and mechanism at cellular level. METHOD Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology was used to obtain evidence of potential route and ACE2 expressing cell in renal system for underlying pathogenesis of kidney injury caused by COVID-19. The whole process was performed under R with Seurat packages. Canonical marker genes were used to annotate different types of cells. RESULTS Ten different clusters were identified and ACE2 was mainly expressed in proximal tubule and glomerular parietal epithelial cells. From Gene Ontology (GO) & KEGG enrichment analysis, imbalance of ACE2 expression, renin-angiotensin system (RAS) activation, and neutrophil-related processes were the main issue of COVID-19 leading kidney injury. CONCLUSION Our study provided the cellular evidence that SARS-Cov-2 invaded human kidney tissue via proximal convoluted tubule, proximal tubule, proximal straight tubule cells, and glomerular parietal cells by means of ACE2-related pathway and used their cellular protease TMPRSS2 for priming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyu He
- First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Pediatric Cardiac Surgery Center, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease and Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tsz N Mok
- First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liang Yun
- First Medical College of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chengbo He
- Heyu Health Technology Co, Ltd. Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jieruo Li
- First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinghua Pan
- First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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34
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Hamatani H, Eng DG, Hiromura K, Pippin JW, Shankland SJ. CD44 impacts glomerular parietal epithelial cell changes in the aged mouse kidney. Physiol Rep 2020; 8:e14487. [PMID: 32597007 PMCID: PMC7322268 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
CD44 contributes to the activation of glomerular parietal epithelial cells (PECs). Although CD44 expression is higher in PECs of healthy aged mice, the biological role of CD44 in PECs in this context remains unclear. Accordingly, young (4 months) and aged (24 months) CD44-/- mice were compared to age-matched CD44+/+ mice, both aged in a nonstressed environment. Parietal epithelial cell densities were similar in both young and aged CD44+/+ and CD44-/- mice. Phosphorylated ERK 1/2 (pERK) was higher in aged CD44+/+ mice. Vimentin and α-SMA, markers of changes to the epithelial cell phenotype, were present in PECs in aged CD44+/+ mice, but absent in aged CD44-/- mice in both outer cortical (OC) and juxtamedullary (JM) glomeruli. Because age-related glomerular hypertrophy was lower in CD44-/- mice, mTOR activation was assessed by phospho-S6 ribosomal protein (pS6RP) staining. Parietal epithelial cells and glomerular tuft staining for pS6RP was lower in aged CD44-/- mice compared to aged CD44+/+ mice. Podocyte density was higher in aged CD44-/- mice in both OC and JM glomeruli. These changes were accompanied by segmental and global glomerulosclerosis in aged CD44+/+ mice, but absent in aged CD44-/- mice. These results show that the increase in CD44 in PECs in aged kidneys contributes to several changes to the glomerulus during healthy aging in mice, and may involve ERK and mTOR activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Hamatani
- Division of NephrologyUniversity of Washington School of MedicineSeattleWAUSA
- Department of Nephrology and RheumatologyGunma University Graduate School of MedicineMaebashiJapan
| | - Diana G. Eng
- Division of NephrologyUniversity of Washington School of MedicineSeattleWAUSA
| | - Keiju Hiromura
- Department of Nephrology and RheumatologyGunma University Graduate School of MedicineMaebashiJapan
| | - Jeffrey W. Pippin
- Division of NephrologyUniversity of Washington School of MedicineSeattleWAUSA
| | - Stuart J. Shankland
- Division of NephrologyUniversity of Washington School of MedicineSeattleWAUSA
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35
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Wu D, Bai J, Cui S, Fu B, Yin Z, Cai G, Chen X. Renal progenitor cells modulated by angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) medication and differentiation towards podocytes in anti-thy1.1 nephritis. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:355. [PMID: 32355799 PMCID: PMC7186716 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2020.02.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Background Mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (MsPGN) is an epidemic disease with increasing occurrence. As important as mesangial cells, podocytes are key innate cells for MsPGN prognosis and recovery. Renal progenitor cells, located at the urinary pole (UP) of Bowman’s capsule (BC), could alleviate kidney injury through their capacity to differentiate into podocytes. Methods Seventy-two male rats were categorized randomly into the sham (n=24), untreated Thy-1 (n=24) and losartan-treated (n=24) groups. We administered vehicle or losartan (50 mg/kg by gavage) daily to treat rats with anti-thy1.1 nephritis, an ideal model to simulate human MsPGN. Two weeks after the intravenous injection of antibody, urinary protein and blood samples were analyzed, pathological changes were examined, the number of podocytes was determined, and renal progenitor cells were studied. Results Anti-thy1.1 nephritis was significantly alleviated after losartan treatment, as reported previously and as expected. Compared with the untreated Thy-1 group, the number of podocytes in the losartan group increased, and the area of renal progenitor cells significantly increased. The protein expression of components of the p-ERK pathway was determined during the development of renal progenitor cells differentiating into podocytes. Conclusions The data in this paper show the direct glomerular cell action of angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) treatment in improving outcomes in anti-thy1.1 nephritis. The positive effects of ARB medication on anti-thy1.1 nephritis were due to an increase in the number of renal epithelial progenitor cells (defined as PECs that expressed only stem cell markers without podocyte proteins).
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China.,Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Jiuxu Bai
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China.,Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Shaoyuan Cui
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Bo Fu
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Zhiwei Yin
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Guangyan Cai
- Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xiangmei Chen
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China.,Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, Beijing 100853, China
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Rovin BH, Caster DJ, Cattran DC, Gibson KL, Hogan JJ, Moeller MJ, Roccatello D, Cheung M, Wheeler DC, Winkelmayer WC, Floege J, Alpers CE, Ayoub I, Bagga A, Barbour SJ, Barratt J, Chan DT, Chang A, Choo JCJ, Cook HT, Coppo R, Fervenza FC, Fogo AB, Fox JG, Glassock RJ, Harris D, Hodson EM, Hogan JJ, Hoxha E, Iseki K, Jennette JC, Jha V, Johnson DW, Kaname S, Katafuchi R, Kitching AR, Lafayette RA, Li PK, Liew A, Lv J, Malvar A, Maruyama S, Mejía-Vilet JM, Mok CC, Nachman PH, Nester CM, Noiri E, O'Shaughnessy MM, Özen S, Parikh SM, Park HC, Peh CA, Pendergraft WF, Pickering MC, Pillebout E, Radhakrishnan J, Rathi M, Ronco P, Smoyer WE, Tang SC, Tesař V, Thurman JM, Trimarchi H, Vivarelli M, Walters GD, Wang AYM, Wenderfer SE, Wetzels JF. Management and treatment of glomerular diseases (part 2): conclusions from a Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Controversies Conference. Kidney Int 2020; 95:281-295. [PMID: 30665569 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In November 2017, the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) initiative brought a diverse panel of experts in glomerular diseases together to discuss the 2012 KDIGO glomerulonephritis guideline in the context of new developments and insights that had occurred over the years since its publication. During this KDIGO Controversies Conference on Glomerular Diseases, the group examined data on disease pathogenesis, biomarkers, and treatments to identify areas of consensus and areas of controversy. This report summarizes the discussions on primary podocytopathies, lupus nephritis, anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated nephritis, complement-mediated kidney diseases, and monoclonal gammopathies of renal significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad H Rovin
- Division of Nephrology, The Ohio State University, Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
| | - Dawn J Caster
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Daniel C Cattran
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Keisha L Gibson
- University of North Carolina Kidney Center at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jonathan J Hogan
- Division of Nephrology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Marcus J Moeller
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule, University of Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Dario Roccatello
- CMID (Center of Research of Immunopathology and Rare Diseases), and Division of Nephrology and Dialysis (ERK-Net member), University of Turin, Italy
| | | | | | - Wolfgang C Winkelmayer
- Selzman Institute for Kidney Health, Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jürgen Floege
- Division of Nephrology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule, University of Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
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Liao J, Yu Z, Chen Y, Bao M, Zou C, Zhang H, Liu D, Li T, Zhang Q, Li J, Cheng J, Mo Z. Single-cell RNA sequencing of human kidney. Sci Data 2020; 7:4. [PMID: 31896769 PMCID: PMC6940381 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-019-0351-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A comprehensive cellular anatomy of normal human kidney is crucial to address the cellular origins of renal disease and renal cancer. Some kidney diseases may be cell type-specific, especially renal tubular cells. To investigate the classification and transcriptomic information of the human kidney, we rapidly obtained a single-cell suspension of the kidney and conducted single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). Here, we present the scRNA-seq data of 23,366 high-quality cells from the kidneys of three human donors. In this dataset, we show 10 clusters of normal human renal cells. Due to the high quality of single-cell transcriptomic information, proximal tubule (PT) cells were classified into three subtypes and collecting ducts cells into two subtypes. Collectively, our data provide a reliable reference for studies on renal cell biology and kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinling Liao
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, 530021, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi collaborative innovation center for genomic and personalized medicine, 530021, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi key laboratory for genomic and personalized medicine, Guangxi key laboratory of colleges and universities, 530021, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhenyuan Yu
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, 530021, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi collaborative innovation center for genomic and personalized medicine, 530021, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi key laboratory for genomic and personalized medicine, Guangxi key laboratory of colleges and universities, 530021, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Institute of Urology and Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 530021, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 530021, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, 530021, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi collaborative innovation center for genomic and personalized medicine, 530021, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi key laboratory for genomic and personalized medicine, Guangxi key laboratory of colleges and universities, 530021, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Institute of Urology and Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 530021, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 530021, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Mengying Bao
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, 530021, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi collaborative innovation center for genomic and personalized medicine, 530021, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi key laboratory for genomic and personalized medicine, Guangxi key laboratory of colleges and universities, 530021, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Chunlin Zou
- Key Laboratory of Longevity and Aging-related Diseases(Guangxi Medical University), Ministry of Education, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, P.R. China
- Center for Translational Medicine & School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, P.R. China
| | - Haiying Zhang
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, 530021, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi collaborative innovation center for genomic and personalized medicine, 530021, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi key laboratory for genomic and personalized medicine, Guangxi key laboratory of colleges and universities, 530021, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Deyun Liu
- Institute of Urology and Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 530021, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 530021, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Tianyu Li
- Institute of Urology and Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 530021, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 530021, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Qingyun Zhang
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, 530021, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi collaborative innovation center for genomic and personalized medicine, 530021, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi key laboratory for genomic and personalized medicine, Guangxi key laboratory of colleges and universities, 530021, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Institute of Urology and Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 530021, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Tumour Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 530021, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jiaping Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 530021, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention, 530021, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases, 530021, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jiwen Cheng
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, 530021, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
- Guangxi collaborative innovation center for genomic and personalized medicine, 530021, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
- Guangxi key laboratory for genomic and personalized medicine, Guangxi key laboratory of colleges and universities, 530021, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
- Institute of Urology and Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 530021, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 530021, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
| | - Zengnan Mo
- Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, 530021, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
- Guangxi collaborative innovation center for genomic and personalized medicine, 530021, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
- Guangxi key laboratory for genomic and personalized medicine, Guangxi key laboratory of colleges and universities, 530021, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
- Institute of Urology and Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 530021, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, 530021, Nanning, Guangxi, China.
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38
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Chan GC, Eng DG, Miner JH, Alpers CE, Hudkins K, Chang A, Pippin JW, Shankland SJ. Differential expression of parietal epithelial cell and podocyte extracellular matrix proteins in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and diabetic nephropathy. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 317:F1680-F1694. [PMID: 31630546 PMCID: PMC6962515 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00266.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In healthy glomeruli, parietal epithelial cell (PEC)-derived extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins include laminin-β1, perlecan, and collagen type IV-α2 and podocyte-specific ECM proteins include laminin-β2, agrin, and collagen type IV-α4. This study aimed to define individual ECM protein isoform expression by PECs in both experimental and human focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and diabetic nephropathy (DN) and to determine if changes were CD44 dependent. In experimental FSGS induced with a cytotoxic podocyte antibody and in the BTBR ob/ob mouse model of DN, PEC-derived protein staining was significantly increased in PECs. Dual staining also showed de novo expression of the podocyte-specific ECM proteins laminin-β2 and agrin in PECs. Similar findings were observed in biopsies from patients with FSGS and DN. Increases in individual ECM proteins colocalized with CD44 in PECs in disease. To determine the role of CD44, FSGS was induced in CD44-/- and CD44+/+ mice. PEC staining for perlecan, collagen type IV-α2, laminin-β2, and agrin were significantly lower in diseased CD44-/- mice compared with diseased CD44+/+ mice. These results show that in experimental and human FSGS and DN, PECs typically in an activated state, produce both PEC-derived and podocyte-specific ECM protein isoforms, and that the majority of these changes were dependent on CD44.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gek Cher Chan
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
- Division of Nephrology, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Diana G Eng
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jeffrey H Miner
- Division of Nephrology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Charles E Alpers
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Kelly Hudkins
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Anthony Chang
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jeffrey W Pippin
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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39
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Smeets B, Miesen L, Shankland SJ. CD9 Is a Novel Target in Glomerular Diseases Typified by Parietal Epithelial Cell Activation. Am J Kidney Dis 2019; 75:812-814. [PMID: 31668876 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2019.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bart Smeets
- Department of Pathology, RIMLS, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Laura Miesen
- Department of Pathology, RIMLS, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Stuart J Shankland
- Division of Nephrology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA.
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40
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tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs) contribute to podocyte differentiation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 521:1-8. [PMID: 31629473 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Loss of glomerular podocytes is the crucial event in the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs), a newfangled branch of small non-coding RNA (sncRNA), recently reported to play a vital part in several diseases. In present study, we aimed to detect and reveal the role of tRFs in podocyte differentiation. The expression levels of tRFs between undifferentiated and differentiated podocytes were sequenced by illumina nextseq 500, and further verified by quantitative RT-PCR. 69 upregulated and 70 downregulated tRFs in total were singled out (Fold change > 2, P < 0.05). Gene ontology (GO) analysis indicated they are involved in the biological processes of transcription, DNA-templated, positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, angiogenesis, cell adhesion. Besides, KEGG analysis suggested that these differentially tRFs are associated with PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, Rap1 signaling pathway, Ras signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, and Wnt signaling pathway. Therefore, the differentially tRFs might regulate the differentiation of podocyte and the process of CKD. The functions and mechanisms of tRFs in podocytes are needed to be further explored.
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41
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Ectopic expression of CLDN2 in podocytes is associated with childhood onset nephrotic syndrome. Pediatr Res 2019; 86:485-491. [PMID: 31086291 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-019-0423-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Animal models of nephrotic syndrome (NS) revealed that tight junction (TJ)-like structures are generated together with a concomitant decrease in slit diaphragms (SDs). Claudins (CLDNs) are capable of forming TJ strands and thereby the backbone of TJs. We showed the ectopic expression of CLDN2 in podocytes in pediatric NS, and detected its localization. METHODS Renal frozen specimens were obtained by biopsy from 49 pediatric patients: 21 subjects with MCD, 18 with FSGS, and 10 with IgA nephritis (IgA-N). CLDN2 expression was observed by immunohistochemistry and the CLDN2-positive area was calculated. Moreover, its localization was detected using immunoelectron microscopy. RESULTS CLDN2 is ectopically detected in cases with MCD and FSGS before remission. The CLDN2-stained region in MCD and FSGS glomeruli before remission was significantly greater than that after remission as well as in IgA-N patients. Immunoelectron microscopy revealed that CLDN2 was concentrated along newly formed TJs in podocytes. CONCLUSION The same pathological findings in terms of ectopic CLDN2 expression in podocytes were shown in cases with MCD and FSGS before remission. Immunofluorescence and immunoelectron studies of CLDN2 appear to afford a powerful tool for the diagnosis of primary NS. In addition, CLDN2 expression level may be related to disease status.
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42
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Puelles VG, van der Wolde JW, Wanner N, Scheppach MW, Cullen-McEwen LA, Bork T, Lindenmeyer MT, Gernhold L, Wong MN, Braun F, Cohen CD, Kett MM, Kuppe C, Kramann R, Saritas T, van Roeyen CR, Moeller MJ, Tribolet L, Rebello R, Sun YB, Li J, Müller-Newen G, Hughson MD, Hoy WE, Person F, Wiech T, Ricardo SD, Kerr PG, Denton KM, Furic L, Huber TB, Nikolic-Paterson DJ, Bertram JF. mTOR-mediated podocyte hypertrophy regulates glomerular integrity in mice and humans. JCI Insight 2019; 4:99271. [PMID: 31534053 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.99271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The cellular origins of glomerulosclerosis involve activation of parietal epithelial cells (PECs) and progressive podocyte depletion. While mammalian target of rapamycin-mediated (mTOR-mediated) podocyte hypertrophy is recognized as an important signaling pathway in the context of glomerular disease, the role of podocyte hypertrophy as a compensatory mechanism preventing PEC activation and glomerulosclerosis remains poorly understood. In this study, we show that glomerular mTOR and PEC activation-related genes were both upregulated and intercorrelated in biopsies from patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and diabetic nephropathy, suggesting both compensatory and pathological roles. Advanced morphometric analyses in murine and human tissues identified podocyte hypertrophy as a compensatory mechanism aiming to regulate glomerular functional integrity in response to somatic growth, podocyte depletion, and even glomerulosclerosis - all of this in the absence of detectable podocyte regeneration. In mice, pharmacological inhibition of mTOR signaling during acute podocyte loss impaired hypertrophy of remaining podocytes, resulting in unexpected albuminuria, PEC activation, and glomerulosclerosis. Exacerbated and persistent podocyte hypertrophy enabled a vicious cycle of podocyte loss and PEC activation, suggesting a limit to its beneficial effects. In summary, our data highlight a critical protective role of mTOR-mediated podocyte hypertrophy following podocyte loss in order to preserve glomerular integrity, preventing PEC activation and glomerulosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor G Puelles
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Nephrology, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia.,Center for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - James W van der Wolde
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nicola Wanner
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Luise A Cullen-McEwen
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tillmann Bork
- Renal Division, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Maja T Lindenmeyer
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lukas Gernhold
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Milagros N Wong
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Braun
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Clemens D Cohen
- Nephrological Center Medical Clinic and Polyclinic IV, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Michelle M Kett
- Cardiovascular Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Leon Tribolet
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Richard Rebello
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yu By Sun
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jinhua Li
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gerhard Müller-Newen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael D Hughson
- Department of Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Wendy E Hoy
- Centre for Chronic Disease, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Fermin Person
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Wiech
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sharon D Ricardo
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Peter G Kerr
- Department of Nephrology, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia.,Center for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kate M Denton
- Cardiovascular Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Physiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Luc Furic
- Prostate Cancer Translational Research Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Australia.,Cancer Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tobias B Huber
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - David J Nikolic-Paterson
- Department of Nephrology, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia.,Center for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - John F Bertram
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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Sakhi H, Moktefi A, Bouachi K, Audard V, Hénique C, Remy P, Ollero M, El Karoui K. Podocyte Injury in Lupus Nephritis. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8091340. [PMID: 31470591 PMCID: PMC6780135 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8091340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by a broad spectrum of renal lesions. In lupus glomerulonephritis, histological classifications are based on immune-complex (IC) deposits and hypercellularity lesions (mesangial and/or endocapillary) in the glomeruli. However, there is compelling evidence to suggest that glomerular epithelial cells, and podocytes in particular, are also involved in glomerular injury in patients with SLE. Podocytes now appear to be not only subject to collateral damage due to glomerular capillary lesions secondary to IC and inflammatory processes, but they are also a potential direct target in lupus nephritis. Improvements in our understanding of podocyte injury could improve the classification of lupus glomerulonephritis. Indeed, podocyte injury may be prominent in two major presentations: lupus podocytopathy and glomerular crescent formation, in which glomerular parietal epithelial cells play also a key role. We review here the contribution of podocyte impairment to different presentations of lupus nephritis, focusing on the podocyte signaling pathways involved in these lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Sakhi
- AP-HP (Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris), Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Groupe Hospitalier Henri-Mondor, 94010 Créteil, France
- UPEC (Université Paris Est Créteil), UMR-S955, 94010 Créteil, France
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) U955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Équipe 21, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Anissa Moktefi
- UPEC (Université Paris Est Créteil), UMR-S955, 94010 Créteil, France
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) U955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Équipe 21, 94010 Créteil, France
- AP-HP (Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris), Department of Pathology, Groupe Hospitalier Henri-Mondor, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Khedidja Bouachi
- AP-HP (Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris), Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Groupe Hospitalier Henri-Mondor, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Vincent Audard
- AP-HP (Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris), Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Groupe Hospitalier Henri-Mondor, 94010 Créteil, France
- UPEC (Université Paris Est Créteil), UMR-S955, 94010 Créteil, France
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) U955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Équipe 21, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Carole Hénique
- UPEC (Université Paris Est Créteil), UMR-S955, 94010 Créteil, France
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) U955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Équipe 21, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Philippe Remy
- AP-HP (Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris), Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Groupe Hospitalier Henri-Mondor, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Mario Ollero
- UPEC (Université Paris Est Créteil), UMR-S955, 94010 Créteil, France
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) U955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Équipe 21, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Khalil El Karoui
- AP-HP (Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris), Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Groupe Hospitalier Henri-Mondor, 94010 Créteil, France.
- UPEC (Université Paris Est Créteil), UMR-S955, 94010 Créteil, France.
- INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) U955, Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Équipe 21, 94010 Créteil, France.
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Szczepankiewicz B, Bąchor R, Pasławski R, Siwińska N, Pasławska U, Konieczny A, Szewczuk Z. Evaluation of Tryptic Podocin Peptide in Urine Sediment Using LC-MS-MRM Method as a Potential Biomarker of Glomerular Injury in Dogs with Clinical Signs of Renal and Cardiac Disorders. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24173088. [PMID: 31454880 PMCID: PMC6749423 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24173088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The early asymptomatic stage of glomerular injury is a diagnostic challenge in the course of renal and extra-renal disease, e.g., heart insufficiency. It was found that podocin, a podocyte-specific protein present in the urine, may serve as a biomarker in the diagnosis of glomerular disease in humans and animals including glomerulonephritis, glomerulosclerosis, amyloidosis, or nephropathy. Therefore, there is a need of development of the sensitive and straightforward method of urinary podocin identification. In this work, we report our extended research under the glomerular injury investigation in dogs by application of clinical examination and LC-MS-MRM method in the identification of canine podocin in urine samples. The LC-MS-MRM method is based on the identification of podocin tryptic peptide with the 218H-AAEILAATPAAVQLR-OH232 sequence. The model peptide was characterized by the highest ionization efficiency of all the proposed model podocin tryptic peptides in a canine urine sediment according to the LC-MS/MS analysis. The obtained results revealed the presence of the model peptide in 40.9% of dogs with MMVD (active glomerular injury secondary to heart disease = cardiorenal syndrome-CRS) and 33.3% dogs with chronic kidney disease. The potential applicability of the developed methodology in the analysis of podocin in canine urine sediments was confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Szczepankiewicz
- Department of Internal Diseases with Clinic for Horses, Dogs and Cats, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Pl. Grunwaldzki 47, 50-366 Wrocław, Poland.
| | - Remigiusz Bąchor
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Robert Pasławski
- Veterinary Centre Nicolaus Copernicus University Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Natalia Siwińska
- Department of Internal Diseases with Clinic for Horses, Dogs and Cats, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Pl. Grunwaldzki 47, 50-366 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Urszula Pasławska
- Department of Internal Diseases with Clinic for Horses, Dogs and Cats, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Pl. Grunwaldzki 47, 50-366 Wrocław, Poland
- Veterinary Centre Nicolaus Copernicus University Toruń, Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Andrzej Konieczny
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Szewczuk
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
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45
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Liu GW, Johnson SL, Jain R, Peeler DJ, Shankland SJ, Pun SH. Optimized nonviral gene delivery for primary urinary renal progenitor cells to enhance cell migration. J Biomed Mater Res A 2019; 107:2718-2725. [PMID: 31404486 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Progressive loss of glomerular podocytes during kidney disease leads to irreversible kidney failure, and is exacerbated by the fact that podocytes are terminally differentiated epithelial cells and unable to proliferate. Regeneration of lost podocytes must therefore derive from nonpodocyte sources. Human urine-derived renal progenitor cells (uRPCs) are attractive podocyte progenitors for cell therapy applications due to their availability from patient urine and ability to migrate to injured glomeruli and differentiate into de novo podocytes after intravenous administration. Because gene delivery has emerged as an important strategy to augment the functionality and survival of cell therapies prior to injection, in this work we optimized nonviral gene delivery conditions (cell density, DNA dose, % FBS, and transfection material composition) to primary uRPCs. Using the cationic polymer-peptide conjugate VIPER for gene delivery and the Sleeping Beauty transposon/transposase constructs for gene integration, we optimized transfection parameters to achieve efficient transgene expression (up to 55% transfected cells) and stable transgene expression (>65% integration efficiency) lasting up to 10 days. With these methods, we transfected uRPCs to overexpress CXCR4, an important chemokine receptor that mediates uRPC migration to the kidneys after intravenous injection, and demonstrate that CXCR4-uRPCs exhibit enhanced migration compared to mock-transfected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary W Liu
- Department of Bioengineering and Molecular Engineering & Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Soren L Johnson
- Department of Bioengineering and Molecular Engineering & Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ritika Jain
- Department of Bioengineering and Molecular Engineering & Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - David J Peeler
- Department of Bioengineering and Molecular Engineering & Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Stuart J Shankland
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Suzie H Pun
- Department of Bioengineering and Molecular Engineering & Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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46
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Lazareth H, Henique C, Lenoir O, Puelles VG, Flamant M, Bollée G, Fligny C, Camus M, Guyonnet L, Millien C, Gaillard F, Chipont A, Robin B, Fabrega S, Dhaun N, Camerer E, Kretz O, Grahammer F, Braun F, Huber TB, Nochy D, Mandet C, Bruneval P, Mesnard L, Thervet E, Karras A, Le Naour F, Rubinstein E, Boucheix C, Alexandrou A, Moeller MJ, Bouzigues C, Tharaux PL. The tetraspanin CD9 controls migration and proliferation of parietal epithelial cells and glomerular disease progression. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3303. [PMID: 31341160 PMCID: PMC6656772 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11013-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms driving the development of extracapillary lesions in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and crescentic glomerulonephritis (CGN) remain poorly understood. A key question is how parietal epithelial cells (PECs) invade glomerular capillaries, thereby promoting injury and kidney failure. Here we show that expression of the tetraspanin CD9 increases markedly in PECs in mouse models of CGN and FSGS, and in kidneys from individuals diagnosed with these diseases. Cd9 gene targeting in PECs prevents glomerular damage in CGN and FSGS mouse models. Mechanistically, CD9 deficiency prevents the oriented migration of PECs into the glomerular tuft and their acquisition of CD44 and β1 integrin expression. These findings highlight a critical role for de novo expression of CD9 as a common pathogenic switch driving the PEC phenotype in CGN and FSGS, while offering a potential therapeutic avenue to treat these conditions. In both focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and crescentic glomerulonephritis (CGN), kidney injury is characterised by the invasion of glomerular tufts by parietal epithelial cells (PECs). Here Lazareth et al. identify the tetraspanin CD9 as a key regulator of PEC migration, and find its upregulation in FSGS and CGN contributes to kidney injury in both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Lazareth
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Unit 970, Paris Cardiovascular Center - PARCC, 56 rue Leblanc, F-75015, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, UMR-S970, 56 rue Leblanc, F-75015, Paris, France.,Renal Division, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris, Paris, F-75015, France.,Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences, Ecole polytechnique, CNRS UMR7645, INSERM U1182, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, F-91128, France
| | - Carole Henique
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Unit 970, Paris Cardiovascular Center - PARCC, 56 rue Leblanc, F-75015, Paris, France. .,Université de Paris, UMR-S970, 56 rue Leblanc, F-75015, Paris, France. .,Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale, Inserm U955, Equipe 21, Université Paris Est Créteil, Créteil, F-94010, France.
| | - Olivia Lenoir
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Unit 970, Paris Cardiovascular Center - PARCC, 56 rue Leblanc, F-75015, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, UMR-S970, 56 rue Leblanc, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Victor G Puelles
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, D-52074, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Medicine III, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, D-20246, Germany.,Department of Nephrology and Center for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Martin Flamant
- Xavier Bichat University Hospital, Université de Paris, Paris, F-75018, France
| | - Guillaume Bollée
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Unit 970, Paris Cardiovascular Center - PARCC, 56 rue Leblanc, F-75015, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, UMR-S970, 56 rue Leblanc, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Cécile Fligny
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Unit 970, Paris Cardiovascular Center - PARCC, 56 rue Leblanc, F-75015, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, UMR-S970, 56 rue Leblanc, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Marine Camus
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Unit 970, Paris Cardiovascular Center - PARCC, 56 rue Leblanc, F-75015, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, UMR-S970, 56 rue Leblanc, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Lea Guyonnet
- National Cytometry Platform, Department of Infection and Immunity, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Luxembourg, L-4354, Luxembourg
| | - Corinne Millien
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Unit 970, Paris Cardiovascular Center - PARCC, 56 rue Leblanc, F-75015, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, UMR-S970, 56 rue Leblanc, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - François Gaillard
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Unit 970, Paris Cardiovascular Center - PARCC, 56 rue Leblanc, F-75015, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, UMR-S970, 56 rue Leblanc, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Anna Chipont
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Unit 970, Paris Cardiovascular Center - PARCC, 56 rue Leblanc, F-75015, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, UMR-S970, 56 rue Leblanc, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Blaise Robin
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Unit 970, Paris Cardiovascular Center - PARCC, 56 rue Leblanc, F-75015, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, UMR-S970, 56 rue Leblanc, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Fabrega
- Université de Paris, Institut Imagine, Plateforme Vecteurs Viraux et Transfert de Gènes, IFR94, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris, F-75015, France
| | - Neeraj Dhaun
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH16 4SA, Scotland, UK
| | - Eric Camerer
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Unit 970, Paris Cardiovascular Center - PARCC, 56 rue Leblanc, F-75015, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, UMR-S970, 56 rue Leblanc, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Oliver Kretz
- Department of Medicine III, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, D-20246, Germany.,Renal Division, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Centre, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, D-79106, Germany
| | - Florian Grahammer
- Department of Medicine III, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, D-20246, Germany.,Renal Division, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Centre, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, D-79106, Germany
| | - Fabian Braun
- Department of Medicine III, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, D-20246, Germany.,Renal Division, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Centre, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, D-79106, Germany
| | - Tobias B Huber
- Department of Medicine III, Faculty of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, D-20246, Germany.,Renal Division, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Centre, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, D-79106, Germany
| | - Dominique Nochy
- Department of Pathology, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, F-75015, France
| | - Chantal Mandet
- Department of Pathology, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, F-75015, France
| | - Patrick Bruneval
- Department of Pathology, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, F-75015, France
| | - Laurent Mesnard
- Critical Care Nephrology and Kidney Transplantation, Hôpital Tenon, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Unité Mixte de Recherche S1155, Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris, F-75020, France
| | - Eric Thervet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Unit 970, Paris Cardiovascular Center - PARCC, 56 rue Leblanc, F-75015, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, UMR-S970, 56 rue Leblanc, F-75015, Paris, France.,Renal Division, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris, Paris, F-75015, France
| | - Alexandre Karras
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Unit 970, Paris Cardiovascular Center - PARCC, 56 rue Leblanc, F-75015, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, UMR-S970, 56 rue Leblanc, F-75015, Paris, France.,Renal Division, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris, Paris, F-75015, France
| | | | - Eric Rubinstein
- Inserm U935, Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif, F-94800, France
| | - Claude Boucheix
- Inserm U935, Université Paris-Sud, Villejuif, F-94800, France
| | - Antigoni Alexandrou
- Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences, Ecole polytechnique, CNRS UMR7645, INSERM U1182, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, F-91128, France
| | - Marcus J Moeller
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, D-52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Cédric Bouzigues
- Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences, Ecole polytechnique, CNRS UMR7645, INSERM U1182, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau, F-91128, France
| | - Pierre-Louis Tharaux
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm), Unit 970, Paris Cardiovascular Center - PARCC, 56 rue Leblanc, F-75015, Paris, France. .,Université de Paris, UMR-S970, 56 rue Leblanc, F-75015, Paris, France. .,Renal Division, Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris, Paris, F-75015, France.
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47
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D’Agati VD, Shankland SJ. Recognizing diversity in parietal epithelial cells. Kidney Int 2019; 96:16-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2019.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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48
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Abstract
The apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) gene is unique to humans and gorillas and appeared ~33 million years ago. Since the majority of the mammals do not carry APOL1, it seems to be dispensable for kidney function. APOL1 renal risk variants (RRVs; G1 and G2) are associated with the development as well as progression of chronic kidney diseases (CKDs) at higher rates in populations with African ancestry. Cellular expression of two APOL1 RRVs has been demonstrated to induce cytotoxicity, including necrosis, apoptosis, and pyroptosis, in several cell types including podocytes; mechanistically, these toxicities were attributed to lysosomal swelling, K+ depletion, mitochondrial dysfunction, autophagy blockade, protein kinase receptor activation, ubiquitin D degradation, and endoplasmic reticulum stress; notably, these effects were found to be dose dependent and occurred only in overtly APOL1 RRV-expressing cells. However, cellular protein expressions as well as circulating blood levels of APOL1 RRVs were not elevated in patients suffering from APOL1 RRV-associated CKDs. Therefore, the question arises as to whether it is gain or loss of function on the part of APOL1 RRVs contributing to kidney cell injury. The question seems to be more pertinent after the recognition of the role of APOL1 nonrisk (G0) in the transition of parietal epithelial cells and preservation of the podocyte molecular phenotype through modulation of the APOL1-miR-193a axis. With this background, the present review analyzed the available literature in terms of the known function of APOL1 nonrisk and how the loss of these functions could have contributed to two APOL1 RRV-associated CKDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Kumar
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research and Department of Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra-Northwell, Hempstead, New York
| | - Pravin C Singhal
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research and Department of Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra-Northwell, Hempstead, New York
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49
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Cassis P, Zoja C, Perico L, Remuzzi G. A preclinical overview of emerging therapeutic targets for glomerular diseases. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2019; 23:593-606. [PMID: 31150308 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2019.1626827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Animal models have provided significant insights into the mechanisms responsible for the development of glomerular lesions and proteinuria; they have also helped to identify molecules that control the podocyte function as suitable target-specific therapeutics. Areas covered: We discuss putative therapeutic targets for proteinuric glomerular diseases. An exhaustive search for eligible studies was performed in PubMed/MEDLINE. Most of the selected reports were published in the last decade, but we did not exclude older relevant milestone publications. We consider the molecules that regulate podocyte cytoskeletal dynamics and the transcription factors that regulate the expression of slit-diaphragm proteins. There is a focus on SGLT2 and sirtuins which have recently emerged as mediators of podocyte injury and repair. We also examine paracrine signallings involved in the cross-talk of injured podocytes with the neighbouring glomerular endothelial cells and parietal epithelial cells. Expert opinion: There is a need to discover novel therapeutic moleecules with renoprotective effects for those patients with glomerular diseases who do not respond completely to standard therapy. Emerging strategies targeting components of the podocyte cytoskeleton or signallings that regulate cellular communication within the glomerulus are promising avenues for treating glomerular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Cassis
- a Department of Molecular Medicine , Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS,Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso , Bergamo , Italy
| | - Carlamaria Zoja
- a Department of Molecular Medicine , Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS,Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso , Bergamo , Italy
| | - Luca Perico
- a Department of Molecular Medicine , Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS,Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso , Bergamo , Italy
| | - Giuseppe Remuzzi
- a Department of Molecular Medicine , Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS,Centro Anna Maria Astori, Science and Technology Park Kilometro Rosso , Bergamo , Italy.,b 'L. Sacco' Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences , University of Milan , Milan , Italy
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50
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Kuppe C, Leuchtle K, Wagner A, Kabgani N, Saritas T, Puelles VG, Smeets B, Hakroush S, van der Vlag J, Boor P, Schiffer M, Gröne HJ, Fogo A, Floege J, Moeller MJ. Novel parietal epithelial cell subpopulations contribute to focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and glomerular tip lesions. Kidney Int 2019; 96:80-93. [PMID: 31029503 PMCID: PMC7292612 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2019.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Beside the classical flat parietal epithelial cells (PECs), we investigated proximal tubular epithelial-like cells, a neglected subgroup of PECs. These cells, termed cuboidal PECs, make up the most proximal part of the proximal tubule and may also line parts of Bowman's capsule. Additionally, a third intermediate PEC subgroup was identified at the junction between the flat and cuboidal PEC subgroups at the tubular orifice. The transgenic mouse line PEC-rtTA labeled all three PEC subgroups. Here we show that the inducible Pax8-rtTA mouse line specifically labeled only cuboidal and intermediate PECs, but not flat PECs. In aging Pax8-rtTA mice, cell fate mapping showed no evidence for significant transdifferentiation from flat PECs to cuboidal or intermediate PECs or vice versa. In murine glomerular disease models of crescentic glomerulonephritis, and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), intermediate PECs became more numerous. These intermediate PECs preferentially expressed activation markers CD44 and Ki-67, suggesting that this subgroup of PECs was activated more easily than the classical flat PECs. In mice with FSGS, cuboidal and intermediate PECs formed sclerotic lesions. In patients with FSGS, cells forming the tip lesions expressed markers of intermediate PECs. These novel PEC subgroups form sclerotic lesions and were more prone to cellular activation compared to the classical flat PECs in disease. Thus, colonization of Bowman's capsule by cuboidal PECs may predispose to lesion formation and chronic kidney disease. We propose that tip lesions originate from this novel subgroup of PECs in patients with FSGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Kuppe
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Katja Leuchtle
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Anton Wagner
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nazanin Kabgani
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Turgay Saritas
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Victor G Puelles
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Cardiovascular Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, and Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Nephrology, Monash Health, Melbourne Australia
| | - Bart Smeets
- Department of Pathology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Samy Hakroush
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Johan van der Vlag
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Boor
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Institute of Pathology, RWTH University of Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mario Schiffer
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hermann-Josef Gröne
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Agnes Fogo
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Jürgen Floege
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marcus Johannes Moeller
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
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