1
|
Na H, Luo H, Wang J, Sun L, Gao X, Liang G, Ma Y, Meng Z. An N-terminal heptad repeat trimer-based peptide fusion inhibitor exhibits potent anti-H1N1 activity. Bioorg Med Chem 2024; 111:117865. [PMID: 39098126 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2024.117865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Influenza viruses are susceptible to seasonal influenza, which has repeatedly caused global pandemics and jeopardized human health. Vaccines are only used as preventive medicine due to the extreme mutability of influenza viruses, and antiviral medication is the most significant clinical treatment to reduce influenza morbidity and mortality. Nevertheless, the clinical application of anti-influenza virus agents is characterized by the narrow therapeutic time window, the susceptibility to drug resistance, and relatively limited effect on severe influenza. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop novel anti-influenza virus drugs to fulfill the urgent clinical needs. Influenza viruses enter host cells through the hemagglutinin (HA) mediated membrane fusion process, and fusion inhibitors function antivirally by blocking hemagglutinin deformation, promising better therapeutic efficacy and resolving drug resistance, with targets different from marketed medicines. Previous studies have shown that unnatural peptides derived from Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) membrane fusion proteins exhibit anti-HIV-1 activity. Based on the similarity of the membrane fusion protein deformation process between HIV-1 and H1N1, we selected sequences derived from the gp41 subunit in the HIV-1 fusion protein, and then constructed N-trimer spatial structure through inter-helical isopeptide bond modification, to design the novel anti-H1N1 fusion inhibitors. The results showed that the novel peptides could block 6-HB formation during H1N1 membrane fusion procedure, and thus possessed significant anti-H1N1 activity, comparable to the positive control oseltamivir. Our study demonstrates the design viability of peptide fusion inhibitors based on similar membrane fusion processes among viruses, and furthermore provides an important idea for the novel anti-H1N1 inhibitors development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heiya Na
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, PR China.
| | - Hui Luo
- Key Laboratory for Candidate Drug Design and Screening Based on Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, PR China; Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jinlin Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, PR China; Key Laboratory for Candidate Drug Design and Screening Based on Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, PR China
| | - Lijun Sun
- Key Laboratory for Candidate Drug Design and Screening Based on Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, PR China
| | - Xin Gao
- Key Laboratory for Candidate Drug Design and Screening Based on Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, PR China
| | - Guodong Liang
- Key Laboratory for Candidate Drug Design and Screening Based on Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, PR China; Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Yuheng Ma
- Key Laboratory for Candidate Drug Design and Screening Based on Chemical Biology, College of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, PR China.
| | - Zhao Meng
- Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Eilon-Ashkenazy M, Cohen-Dvashi H, Borni S, Shaked R, Calinsky R, Levy Y, Diskin R. The structure of the Lujo virus spike complex. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7175. [PMID: 39169025 PMCID: PMC11339409 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51606-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Lujo virus (LUJV) is a human pathogen that was the cause of a deadly hemorrhagic fever outbreak in Africa. LUJV is a divergent member of the Arenaviridae with some similarities to both the "Old World" and "New World" serogroups, but it uses a cell-entry receptor, neuropilin-2 (NRP2), that is distinct from the receptors of OW and NW viruses. Though the receptor binding domain of LUJV has been characterized structurally, the overall organization of the trimeric spike complex and how NRP2 is recognized in this context were unknown. Here, we present the structure of the membrane-embedded LUJV spike complex determined by cryo-electron microscopy. Analysis of the structure suggested that a single NRP2 molecule is bound at the apex of the trimeric spike and that multiple subunits of the trimer contact the receptor. The binding of NRP2 involves an intriguing arginine-methionine interaction, which we analyzed using quantum mechanical modeling methods. We compare the LUJV spike structure with the only other available structure of a complete arenaviral spike, which is the Lassa virus. The similarities and differences between them shed light on Arenavirus evolution, inform vaccine design, and provide information that will be useful in combating future Arenavirus outbreaks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maayan Eilon-Ashkenazy
- Department of Chemical and Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Hadas Cohen-Dvashi
- Department of Chemical and Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sarah Borni
- Department of Chemical and Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ron Shaked
- Department of Chemical and Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Rivka Calinsky
- Department of Chemical and Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yaakov Levy
- Department of Chemical and Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ron Diskin
- Department of Chemical and Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Page KR, Nguyen VN, Pleiner T, Tomaleri GP, Wang ML, Guna A, Hazu M, Wang TY, Chou TF, Voorhees RM. Role of a holo-insertase complex in the biogenesis of biophysically diverse ER membrane proteins. Mol Cell 2024:S1097-2765(24)00659-2. [PMID: 39173640 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2024.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024]
Abstract
Mammalian membrane proteins perform essential physiologic functions that rely on their accurate insertion and folding at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Using forward and arrayed genetic screens, we systematically studied the biogenesis of a panel of membrane proteins, including several G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). We observed a central role for the insertase, the ER membrane protein complex (EMC), and developed a dual-guide approach to identify genetic modifiers of the EMC. We found that the back of Sec61 (BOS) complex, a component of the multipass translocon, was a physical and genetic interactor of the EMC. Functional and structural analysis of the EMC⋅BOS holocomplex showed that characteristics of a GPCR's soluble domain determine its biogenesis pathway. In contrast to prevailing models, no single insertase handles all substrates. We instead propose a unifying model for coordination between the EMC, the multipass translocon, and Sec61 for the biogenesis of diverse membrane proteins in human cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharine R Page
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Ave., Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Vy N Nguyen
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Ave., Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Tino Pleiner
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Ave., Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Giovani Pinton Tomaleri
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Ave., Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Maxine L Wang
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Ave., Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Alina Guna
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Ave., Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Masami Hazu
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Ave., Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Ting-Yu Wang
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Ave., Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Tsui-Fen Chou
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Ave., Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Rebecca M Voorhees
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Ave., Pasadena, CA 91125, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Figueras-Novoa C, Timimi L, Marcassa E, Ulferts R, Beale R. Conjugation of ATG8s to single membranes at a glance. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs261031. [PMID: 39145464 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Autophagy refers to a set of degradative mechanisms whereby cytoplasmic contents are targeted to the lysosome. This is best described for macroautophagy, where a double-membrane compartment (autophagosome) is generated to engulf cytoplasmic contents. Autophagosomes are decorated with ubiquitin-like ATG8 molecules (ATG8s), which are recruited through covalent lipidation, catalysed by the E3-ligase-like ATG16L1 complex. LC3 proteins are ATG8 family members that are often used as a marker for autophagosomes. In contrast to canonical macroautophagy, conjugation of ATG8s to single membranes (CASM) describes a group of non-canonical autophagy processes in which ATG8s are targeted to pre-existing single-membrane compartments. CASM occurs in response to disrupted intracellular pH gradients, when the V-ATPase proton pump recruits ATG16L1 in a process called V-ATPase-ATG16L1-induced LC3 lipidation (VAIL). Recent work has demonstrated a parallel, alternative axis for CASM induction, triggered when the membrane recruitment factor TECPR1 recognises sphingomyelin exposed on the cytosolic face of a membrane and forms an alternative E3-ligase-like complex. This sphingomyelin-TECPR1-induced LC3 lipidation (STIL) is independent of the V-ATPase and ATG16L1. In light of these discoveries, this Cell Science at a Glance article summarises these two mechanisms of CASM to highlight how they differ from canonical macroautophagy, and from each other.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Figueras-Novoa
- Cell Biology of Infection Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Lewis Timimi
- Cell Biology of Infection Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
- Division of Medicine, University College London, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Elena Marcassa
- Cell Biology of Infection Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Rachel Ulferts
- Cell Biology of Infection Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Rupert Beale
- Cell Biology of Infection Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London NW1 1AT, UK
- Division of Medicine, University College London, London NW1 1AT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Suryadevara N, Otrelo-Cardoso AR, Kose N, Hu YX, Binshtein E, Wolters RM, Greninger AL, Handal LS, Carnahan RH, Moscona A, Jardetzky TS, Crowe JE. Functional and structural basis of human parainfluenza virus type 3 neutralization with human monoclonal antibodies. Nat Microbiol 2024; 9:2128-2143. [PMID: 38858594 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-024-01722-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Human parainfluenza virus type 3 (hPIV3) is a respiratory pathogen that can cause severe disease in older people and infants. Currently, vaccines against hPIV3 are in clinical trials but none have been approved yet. The haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) and fusion (F) surface glycoproteins of hPIV3 are major antigenic determinants. Here we describe naturally occurring potently neutralizing human antibodies directed against both surface glycoproteins of hPIV3. We isolated seven neutralizing HN-reactive antibodies and a pre-fusion conformation F-reactive antibody from human memory B cells. One HN-binding monoclonal antibody (mAb), designated PIV3-23, exhibited functional attributes including haemagglutination and neuraminidase inhibition. We also delineated the structural basis of neutralization for two HN and one F mAbs. MAbs that neutralized hPIV3 in vitro protected against infection and disease in vivo in a cotton rat model of hPIV3 infection, suggesting correlates of protection for hPIV3 and the potential clinical utility of these mAbs.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Parainfluenza Virus 3, Human/immunology
- Parainfluenza Virus 3, Human/genetics
- Humans
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/chemistry
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/chemistry
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/chemistry
- Sigmodontinae
- Viral Fusion Proteins/immunology
- Viral Fusion Proteins/chemistry
- HN Protein/immunology
- HN Protein/chemistry
- HN Protein/genetics
- Respirovirus Infections/immunology
- Respirovirus Infections/virology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Neutralization Tests
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Models, Molecular
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nurgun Kose
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yao-Xiong Hu
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Elad Binshtein
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Rachael M Wolters
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alexander L Greninger
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Laura S Handal
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Robert H Carnahan
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Anne Moscona
- Departments of Pediatrics, Microbiology and Immunology, and Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, and Center for Host-Pathogen Interaction, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Theodore S Jardetzky
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - James E Crowe
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gonzalez KJ, Yim KC, Blanco JCG, Boukhvalova MS, Strauch EM. Systematic computer-aided disulfide design as a general strategy to stabilize prefusion class I fusion proteins. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1406929. [PMID: 39114655 PMCID: PMC11303214 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1406929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Numerous enveloped viruses, such as coronaviruses, influenza, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), utilize class I fusion proteins for cell entry. During this process, the proteins transition from a prefusion to a postfusion state, undergoing substantial and irreversible conformational changes. The prefusion conformation has repeatedly shown significant potential in vaccine development. However, the instability of this state poses challenges for its practical application in vaccines. While non-native disulfides have been effective in maintaining the prefusion structure, identifying stabilizing disulfide bonds remains an intricate task. Here, we present a general computational approach to systematically identify prefusion-stabilizing disulfides. Our method assesses the geometric constraints of disulfide bonds and introduces a ranking system to estimate their potential in stabilizing the prefusion conformation. We hypothesized that disulfides restricting the initial stages of the conformational switch could offer higher stability to the prefusion state than those preventing unfolding at a later stage. The implementation of our algorithm on the RSV F protein led to the discovery of prefusion-stabilizing disulfides that supported our hypothesis. Furthermore, the evaluation of our top design as a vaccine candidate in a cotton rat model demonstrated robust protection against RSV infection, highlighting the potential of our approach for vaccine development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen J. Gonzalez
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Kevin C. Yim
- Sigmovir Biosystems, Inc., Rockville, MD, United States
| | | | | | - Eva-Maria Strauch
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Santoro A, Buonocore M, Firoznezhad M, Grimaldi M, D'Ursi AM. Conformational analysis of a new peptide derived from feline immunodeficiency virus gp36 in SDS micelles: An NMR-MD based investigation. J Pept Sci 2024:e3645. [PMID: 39030892 DOI: 10.1002/psc.3645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) shares structural similarities with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV): the surface glycoprotein gp36 corresponds to the HIV gp41, which drives virus-host cell interactions and is targeted by the peptide entry inhibitor enfuvirtide. Following a similar drug design strategy for the development of an anti-FIV therapy, the present study investigates 627-646gp36 NHR, a peptide sequence derived from a region of gp36 that was previously found to interfere with the antiviral activity of the peptide C8, which instead derives from the gp36 MPER. CD, NMR, and MD simulations were employed to probe the conformational characteristics of 627-646gp36 NHR in the membrane-mimicking environment of SDS micelles. Our data show that 627-646gp36 NHR is characterized by three dynamic helix structures. MD simulations involving 627-646gp36 NHR, C8, and a larger protein, including the CHR and MPER regions, suggest that the interaction of C8 with the MPER region, the origin of the antiviral activity of C8, is disfavored in the presence of 627-646gp36 NHR in the simulation. This evidence can be useful for interpreting the molecular mechanism that leads to interference with the activity of C8, providing information on the folding/unfolding mechanism of the viral glycoprotein to design new strategies to inhibit viral entry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Santoro
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy, Scuola di Specializzazione in Farmacia Ospedaliera, University of Salerno, Italy
| | - Michela Buonocore
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Research Centre on Bioactive Peptides (CIRPeB), University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Mohammad Firoznezhad
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Trento, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Srivatsav AT, Liang K, Jaworek MW, Dong W, Matsuo T, Grélard A, Peters J, Winter R, Duan M, Kapoor S. Residual Membrane Fluidity in Mycobacterial Cell Envelope Layers under Extreme Conditions Underlines Membrane-Centric Adaptation. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:6838-6852. [PMID: 38960927 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c02469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
One of the routes for adaptation to extreme environments is via remodeling of cell membrane structure, composition, and biophysical properties rendering a functional membrane. Collective studies suggest some form of membrane feedback in mycobacterial species that harbor complex lipids within the outer and inner cell wall layers. Here, we study the homeostatic membrane landscape of mycobacteria in response to high hydrostatic pressure and temperature triggers using high pressure fluorescence, mass and infrared spectroscopies, NMR, SAXS, and molecular dynamics simulations. Our findings reveal that mycobacterial membrane possesses unique and lipid-specific pressure-induced signatures that attenuate progression to highly ordered phases. Both inner and outer membrane layers exhibit phase coexistence of nearly identical lipid phases keeping residual fluidity over a wide range of temperature and pressure, but with different sensitivities. Lipidomic analysis of bacteria grown under pressure revealed lipidome remodeling in terms of chain length, unsaturation, and specific long-chained characteristic mycobacterial lipids, rendering a fluid bacterial membrane. These findings could help understand how bacteria may adapt to a broad spectrum of harsh environments by modulating their lipidome to select lipids that enable the maintenance of a fluid functional cell envelope.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aswin T Srivatsav
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Kuan Liang
- Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Michel W Jaworek
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Biophysical Chemistry, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund D-44227, Germany
| | - Wanqian Dong
- Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Tatsuhito Matsuo
- University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LIPhy, Grenoble 38044, France
- Institut Laue Langevin, Grenoble F-38042, Cedex 9, France
- Institute for Quantum Life Science, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, 2-4 Shirakata, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
| | - Axelle Grélard
- Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, Institut de Chimie & Biologie des Membranes & des Nano-objets, UMR5248, Institut Européen de Chimie et Biologie, Pessac F-33607, France
| | - Judith Peters
- University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LIPhy, Grenoble 38044, France
- Institut Laue Langevin, Grenoble F-38042, Cedex 9, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), UFR de PhITEM, CS 10090, Grenoble 38044, France
| | - Roland Winter
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Biophysical Chemistry, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund D-44227, Germany
| | - Mojie Duan
- Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Shobhna Kapoor
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zyla DS, Della Marca R, Niemeyer G, Zipursky G, Stearns K, Leedale C, Sobolik EB, Callaway HM, Hariharan C, Peng W, Parekh D, Marcink TC, Diaz Avalos R, Horvat B, Mathieu C, Snijder J, Greninger AL, Hastie KM, Niewiesk S, Moscona A, Porotto M, Ollmann Saphire E. A neutralizing antibody prevents postfusion transition of measles virus fusion protein. Science 2024; 384:eadm8693. [PMID: 38935733 DOI: 10.1126/science.adm8693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Measles virus (MeV) presents a public health threat that is escalating as vaccine coverage in the general population declines and as populations of immunocompromised individuals, who cannot be vaccinated, increase. There are no approved therapeutics for MeV. Neutralizing antibodies targeting viral fusion are one potential therapeutic approach but have not yet been structurally characterized or advanced to clinical use. We present cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of prefusion F alone [2.1-angstrom (Å) resolution], F complexed with a fusion-inhibitory peptide (2.3-Å resolution), F complexed with the neutralizing and protective monoclonal antibody (mAb) 77 (2.6-Å resolution), and an additional structure of postfusion F (2.7-Å resolution). In vitro assays and examination of additional EM classes show that mAb 77 binds prefusion F, arrests F in an intermediate state, and prevents transition to the postfusion conformation. These structures shed light on antibody-mediated neutralization that involves arrest of fusion proteins in an intermediate state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dawid S Zyla
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Roberta Della Marca
- Center for Host-Pathogen Interaction, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Gele Niemeyer
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Institute of Biochemistry, Center for Structural and Cell Biology in Medicine, University of Luebeck, D-23538 Luebeck, Germany
| | - Gillian Zipursky
- Center for Host-Pathogen Interaction, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Kyle Stearns
- Center for Host-Pathogen Interaction, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Cameron Leedale
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Elizabeth B Sobolik
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Virology Division, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Heather M Callaway
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Chitra Hariharan
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Weiwei Peng
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, 3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Diptiben Parekh
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Tara C Marcink
- Center for Host-Pathogen Interaction, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ruben Diaz Avalos
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Branka Horvat
- Immunobiology of Viral Infections, International Center for Infectiology Research-CIRI, INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, University Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Cyrille Mathieu
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie équipe Neuro-Invasion, TROpism and VIRal Encephalitis (NITROVIRE), INSERM U1111-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université Lyon, 69007 Lyon, France
| | - Joost Snijder
- Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry and Proteomics, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research and Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands
- Netherlands Proteomics Center, 3584 CH Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Alexander L Greninger
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Virology Division, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Kathryn M Hastie
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Stefan Niewiesk
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Anne Moscona
- Center for Host-Pathogen Interaction, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Matteo Porotto
- Center for Host-Pathogen Interaction, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Erica Ollmann Saphire
- Center for Vaccine Innovation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bepler T, Barrera MD, Rooney MT, Xiong Y, Kuang H, Goodell E, Goodwin MJ, Harbron E, Fu R, Mihailescu M, Narayanan A, Cotten ML. Antiviral activity of the host defense peptide piscidin 1: investigating a membrane-mediated mode of action. Front Chem 2024; 12:1379192. [PMID: 38988727 PMCID: PMC11233706 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2024.1379192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Outbreaks of viral diseases are on the rise, fueling the search for antiviral therapeutics that act on a broad range of viruses while remaining safe to human host cells. In this research, we leverage the finding that the plasma membranes of host cells and the lipid bilayers surrounding enveloped viruses differ in lipid composition. We feature Piscidin 1 (P1), a cationic host defense peptide (HDP) that has antimicrobial effects and membrane activity associated with its N-terminal region where a cluster of aromatic residues and copper-binding motif reside. While few HDPs have demonstrated antiviral activity, P1 acts in the micromolar range against several enveloped viruses that vary in envelope lipid composition. Notably, it inhibits HIV-1, a virus that has an envelope enriched in cholesterol, a lipid associated with higher membrane order and stability. Here, we first document through plaque assays that P1 boasts strong activity against SARS-CoV-2, which has an envelope low in cholesterol. Second, we extend previous studies done with homogeneous bilayers and devise cholesterol-containing zwitterionic membranes that contain the liquid disordered (Ld; low in cholesterol) and ordered (Lo, rich in cholesterol) phases. Using dye leakage assays and cryo-electron microscopy on vesicles, we show that P1 has dramatic permeabilizing capability on the Lo/Ld, an effect matched by a strong ability to aggregate, fuse, and thin the membranes. Differential scanning calorimetry and NMR experiments demonstrate that P1 mixes the lipid content of vesicles and alters the stability of the Lo. Structural studies by NMR indicate that P1 interacts with the Lo/Ld by folding into an α-helix that lies parallel to the membrane surface. Altogether, these results show that P1 is more disruptive to phase-separated than homogenous cholesterol-containing bilayers, suggesting an ability to target domain boundaries. Overall, this multi-faceted research highlights how a peptide that interacts strongly with membranes through an aromatic-rich N-terminal motif disrupt viral envelope mimics. This represents an important step towards the development of novel peptides with broad-spectrum antiviral activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Bepler
- New York Structural Biology Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Michael D. Barrera
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, United States
| | - Mary T. Rooney
- Department of Applied Science, William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | - Yawei Xiong
- Department of Applied Science, William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA, United States
| | - Huihui Kuang
- New York Structural Biology Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Evan Goodell
- Department of Applied Science, William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA, United States
| | - Matthew J. Goodwin
- Department of Chemistry, William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA, United States
| | - Elizabeth Harbron
- Department of Chemistry, William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA, United States
| | - Riqiang Fu
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Mihaela Mihailescu
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, Rockville, MD, United States
| | - Aarthi Narayanan
- Department of Biology, George Mason University, Manassas, VA, United States
| | - Myriam L. Cotten
- Department of Applied Science, William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Langedijk JPM, Cox F, Johnson NV, van Overveld D, Le L, van den Hoogen W, Voorzaat R, Zahn R, van der Fits L, Juraszek J, McLellan JS, Bakkers MJG. Universal paramyxovirus vaccine design by stabilizing regions involved in structural transformation of the fusion protein. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4629. [PMID: 38821950 PMCID: PMC11143371 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48059-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The Paramyxoviridae family encompasses medically significant RNA viruses, including human respiroviruses 1 and 3 (RV1, RV3), and zoonotic pathogens like Nipah virus (NiV). RV3, previously known as parainfluenza type 3, for which no vaccines or antivirals have been approved, causes respiratory tract infections in vulnerable populations. The RV3 fusion (F) protein is inherently metastable and will likely require prefusion (preF) stabilization for vaccine effectiveness. Here we used structure-based design to stabilize regions involved in structural transformation to generate a preF protein vaccine antigen with high expression and stability, and which, by stabilizing the coiled-coil stem region, does not require a heterologous trimerization domain. The preF candidate induces strong neutralizing antibody responses in both female naïve and pre-exposed mice and provides protection in a cotton rat challenge model (female). Despite the evolutionary distance of paramyxovirus F proteins, their structural transformation and local regions of instability are conserved, which allows successful transfer of stabilizing substitutions to the distant preF proteins of RV1 and NiV. This work presents a successful vaccine antigen design for RV3 and provides a toolbox for future paramyxovirus vaccine design and pandemic preparedness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes P M Langedijk
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention BV, Leiden, The Netherlands
- ForgeBio, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Freek Cox
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention BV, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole V Johnson
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | | | - Lam Le
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention BV, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Roland Zahn
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention BV, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jarek Juraszek
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention BV, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jason S McLellan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Mark J G Bakkers
- Janssen Vaccines & Prevention BV, Leiden, The Netherlands.
- ForgeBio, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Rose K, Jepson T, Shukla S, Maya-Romero A, Kampmann M, Xu K, Hurley JH. Tau fibrils induce nanoscale membrane damage and nucleate cytosolic tau at lysosomes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2315690121. [PMID: 38781206 PMCID: PMC11145263 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2315690121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The prion-like spread of protein aggregates is a leading hypothesis for the propagation of neurofibrillary lesions in the brain, including the spread of tau inclusions associated with Alzheimer's disease. The mechanisms of cellular uptake of tau seeds and subsequent nucleated polymerization of cytosolic tau are major questions in the field, and the potential for coupling between the entry and nucleation mechanisms has been little explored. We found that in primary astrocytes and neurons, endocytosis of tau seeds leads to their accumulation in lysosomes. This in turn leads to lysosomal swelling, deacidification, and recruitment of ESCRT proteins, but not Galectin-3, to the lysosomal membrane. These observations are consistent with nanoscale damage of the lysosomal membrane. Live cell imaging and STORM superresolution microscopy further show that the nucleation of cytosolic tau occurs primarily at the lysosome membrane under these conditions. These data suggest that tau seeds escape from lysosomes via nanoscale damage rather than wholesale rupture and that nucleation of cytosolic tau commences as soon as tau fibril ends emerge from the lysosomal membrane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Rose
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720
| | - Tyler Jepson
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720
- Graduate Group in Biophysics, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720
| | - Sankalp Shukla
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720
| | - Alex Maya-Romero
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720
| | - Martin Kampmann
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, CA94158
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA94158
| | - Ke Xu
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720
- Graduate Group in Biophysics, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720
| | - James H. Hurley
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720
- Graduate Group in Biophysics, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA94720
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hoang PT, Luong QXT, Ayun RQ, Lee Y, Oh KJ, Kim T, Lee TK, Lee S. A synergistic therapy against influenza virus A/H1N1/PR8 by a HA1 specific neutralizing single-domain V L and an RNA hydrolyzing scFv. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1355599. [PMID: 38706966 PMCID: PMC11066198 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1355599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The emergence of anti-influenza drug-resistant strains poses a challenge for influenza therapy due to mutations in the virus's surface protein. Recently, there has been increasing interest in combination therapy consisting of two or more drugs as a potential alternative approach, aiming to enhance therapeutic efficacy. In this study, we investigated a novel synergistic therapy with a vertical effect using a single-domain VL-HA1-specific antibody against H1N1/PR8 and a horizontal effect using an RNA catalytic antibody with broad-spectrum influenza antiviral drug. We isolated a single-domain VL-HA1-specific (NVLH8) antibody binding to the virus particles showing a neutralizing activity against influenza virus A, specifically H1N1/PR8, as determined by the reduction in plaque number and lower viral HA protein expression in vitro. The neutralizing antibody likely prevented the viral entry, specifically at the viral genome-releasing step. Additionally, the 3D8 scFv hydrolyzed viral RNAs in the cytoplasm, including mRNA, vRNA, and cRNA in MDCK cells. The combined treatment of neutralizing antibodies for a vertical effect and 3D8 scFv for a horizontal effect produced a synergistic effect providing a novel approach against viral diseases when compared with a single treatment. Our results indicated that combining treatment, in particular two proteins exhibiting different mechanisms of action increased the antiviral activity against the influenza virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phuong Thi Hoang
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Novelgen Co., Ltd., R&D Center, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Quynh Xuan Thi Luong
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ramadhani Qurrota Ayun
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongjun Lee
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Ji Oh
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
- Novelgen Co., Ltd., R&D Center, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehyun Kim
- Novelgen Co., Ltd., R&D Center, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek-Kyun Lee
- Risk Assessment Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukchan Lee
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Homma K, Miura Y, Kobayashi M, Chintrakulchai W, Toyoda M, Ogi K, Michinishi J, Ohtake T, Honda Y, Nomoto T, Takemoto H, Nishiyama N. Fine tuning of the net charge alternation of polyzwitterion surfaced lipid nanoparticles to enhance cellular uptake and membrane fusion potential. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF ADVANCED MATERIALS 2024; 25:2338785. [PMID: 38646148 PMCID: PMC11028023 DOI: 10.1080/14686996.2024.2338785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) coated with functional and biocompatible polymers have been widely used as carriers to deliver oligonucleotide and messenger RNA therapeutics to treat diseases. Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) is a representative material used for the surface coating, but the PEG surface-coated LNPs often have reduced cellular uptake efficiency and pharmacological activity. Here, we demonstrate the effect of pH-responsive ethylenediamine-based polycarboxybetaines with different molecular weights as an alternative structural component to PEG for the coating of LNPs. We found that appropriate tuning of the molecular weight around polycarboxybetaine-modified LNP, which incorporated small interfering RNA, could enhance the cellular uptake and membrane fusion potential in cancerous pH condition, thereby facilitating the gene silencing effect. This study demonstrates the importance of the design and molecular length of polymers on the LNP surface to provide effective drug delivery to cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keitaro Homma
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Life Science and Technology, School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yutaka Miura
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Life Science and Technology, School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Motoaki Kobayashi
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Life Science and Technology, School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Wanphiwat Chintrakulchai
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Life Science and Technology, School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masahiro Toyoda
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Life Science and Technology, School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Koichi Ogi
- I&S Department, Corporate R&D division, NOF CORPORATION, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Junya Michinishi
- I&S Department, Corporate R&D division, NOF CORPORATION, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Ohtake
- I&S Department, Corporate R&D division, NOF CORPORATION, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yuto Honda
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Life Science and Technology, School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kanagawa, Japan
- Innovation Center of Nanomedicine (iCONM), Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takahiro Nomoto
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Life Sciences, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Takemoto
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Life Science and Technology, School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kanagawa, Japan
- Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Nishiyama
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Life Science and Technology, School of Life Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Kanagawa, Japan
- Innovation Center of Nanomedicine (iCONM), Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, Kanagawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Liu HY, Hu Y, Yu C, Wang ZG, Liu SL, Pang DW. Quantitative single-virus tracking for revealing the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 fusion with plasma membrane. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2024; 69:502-511. [PMID: 37993331 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2023.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Viral envelope fusion with the host plasma membrane (PM) for genome release is a hallmark step in the life cycle of many enveloped viruses. This process is regulated by a complex network of biomolecules on the PM, but robust tools to precisely elucidate the dynamic mechanisms of virus-PM fusion events are still lacking. Here, we developed a quantitative single-virus tracking approach based on highly efficient dual-color labelling of viruses and batch trajectory analysis to achieve the spatiotemporal quantification of fusion events. This approach allows us to comprehensively analyze the membrane fusion mechanism utilized by pseudotyped severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) at the single-virus level and precisely elucidate how the relevant biomolecules synergistically regulate the fusion process. Our results revealed that SARS-CoV-2 may promote the formation of supersaturated clusters of cholesterol to facilitate the initiation of the membrane fusion process and accelerate the viral genome release.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yusi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Cong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Zhi-Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Shu-Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China.
| | - Dai-Wen Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Center for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, and School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lotke R, Petersen M, Sauter D. Restriction of Viral Glycoprotein Maturation by Cellular Protease Inhibitors. Viruses 2024; 16:332. [PMID: 38543698 PMCID: PMC10975521 DOI: 10.3390/v16030332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The human genome is estimated to encode more than 500 proteases performing a wide range of important physiological functions. They digest proteins in our food, determine the activity of hormones, induce cell death and regulate blood clotting, for example. During viral infection, however, some proteases can switch sides and activate viral glycoproteins, allowing the entry of virions into new target cells and the spread of infection. To reduce unwanted effects, multiple protease inhibitors regulate the proteolytic processing of self and non-self proteins. This review summarizes our current knowledge of endogenous protease inhibitors, which are known to limit viral replication by interfering with the proteolytic activation of viral glycoproteins. We describe the underlying molecular mechanisms and highlight the diverse strategies by which protease inhibitors reduce virion infectivity. We also provide examples of how viruses evade the restriction imposed by protease inhibitors. Finally, we briefly outline how cellular protease inhibitors can be modified and exploited for therapeutic purposes. In summary, this review aims to summarize our current understanding of cellular protease inhibitors as components of our immune response to a variety of viral pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniel Sauter
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Gonzalez KJ, Huang J, Criado MF, Banerjee A, Tompkins SM, Mousa JJ, Strauch EM. A general computational design strategy for stabilizing viral class I fusion proteins. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1335. [PMID: 38351001 PMCID: PMC10864359 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45480-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Many pathogenic viruses rely on class I fusion proteins to fuse their viral membrane with the host cell membrane. To drive the fusion process, class I fusion proteins undergo an irreversible conformational change from a metastable prefusion state to an energetically more stable postfusion state. Mounting evidence underscores that antibodies targeting the prefusion conformation are the most potent, making it a compelling vaccine candidate. Here, we establish a computational design protocol that stabilizes the prefusion state while destabilizing the postfusion conformation. With this protocol, we stabilize the fusion proteins of the RSV, hMPV, and SARS-CoV-2 viruses, testing fewer than a handful of designs. The solved structures of these designed proteins from all three viruses evidence the atomic accuracy of our approach. Furthermore, the humoral response of the redesigned RSV F protein compares to that of the recently approved vaccine in a mouse model. While the parallel design of two conformations allows the identification of energetically sub-optimal positions for one conformation, our protocol also reveals diverse molecular strategies for stabilization. Given the clinical significance of viruses using class I fusion proteins, our algorithm can substantially contribute to vaccine development by reducing the time and resources needed to optimize these immunogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen J Gonzalez
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Jiachen Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Miria F Criado
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, 36849, USA
| | - Avik Banerjee
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Stephen M Tompkins
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Jarrod J Mousa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Eva-Maria Strauch
- Institute of Bioinformatics, Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA.
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Bennett AL, Edwards R, Kosheleva I, Saunders C, Bililign Y, Williams A, Bubphamala P, Manosouri K, Anasti K, Saunders KO, Alam SM, Haynes BF, Acharya P, Henderson R. Microsecond dynamics control the HIV-1 Envelope conformation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadj0396. [PMID: 38306419 PMCID: PMC10836732 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj0396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
The HIV-1 Envelope (Env) glycoprotein facilitates host cell fusion through a complex series of receptor-induced structural changes. Although remarkable progress has been made in understanding the structures of various Env conformations, microsecond timescale dynamics have not been studied experimentally. Here, we used time-resolved, temperature-jump small-angle x-ray scattering to monitor structural rearrangements in an HIV-1 Env SOSIP ectodomain construct with microsecond precision. In two distinct Env variants, we detected a transition that correlated with known Env structure rearrangements with a time constant in the hundreds of microseconds range. A previously unknown structural transition was also observed, which occurred with a time constant below 10 μs, and involved an order-to-disorder transition in the trimer apex. Using this information, we engineered an Env SOSIP construct that locks the trimer in the prefusion closed state by connecting adjacent protomers via disulfides. Our findings show that the microsecond timescale structural dynamics play an essential role in controlling the Env conformation with impacts on vaccine design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley L. Bennett
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Robert Edwards
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Irina Kosheleva
- BioCARS, Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, The University of Chicago, 9700 South Cass Ave, Bld 434B, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Carrie Saunders
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Yishak Bililign
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Ashliegh Williams
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Pimthada Bubphamala
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Katayoun Manosouri
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Kara Anasti
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Kevin O. Saunders
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Integrative Immunobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - S. Munir Alam
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Barton F. Haynes
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Integrative Immunobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Priyamvada Acharya
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- BioCARS, Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, The University of Chicago, 9700 South Cass Ave, Bld 434B, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Rory Henderson
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Aisenbrey C, Bechinger B. Multimerization of the heptad repeat regions of the SARS-CoV 2 spike protein. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2024; 1866:184259. [PMID: 38061554 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2023.184259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The heptad repeat 1 and 2 (HR1, HR2) regions in the spike protein of SARS-CoV 2 play a key role in the fusogenic mechanism of the virus with the host cell. During the fusion process they are thought to rearrange into an interdomain multimer. Functional fragments of the heptad repeat 1 and 2 regions in the spike protein of SARS-CoV 2 were chemically synthesized, labeled with nitrofurazone (NBD) and their interactions investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy. Steady state emission, fluorescence quenching, anisotropy and lifetime measurements in combination with a fluorophore dilution scheme were used to dissect multimer formation of HR1 and HR2 in quantitative detail. In addition, the investigation of the multimers by homo-FRET (via anisotropy) and lifetime measurements reveals new insights into the mechanism of fluorophore-fluorophore interactions in biological samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Aisenbrey
- University of Strasbourg/CNRS, UMR7177, Strasbourg Institute of Chemistry, Membrane Biophysics and NMR, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
| | - Burkhard Bechinger
- University of Strasbourg/CNRS, UMR7177, Strasbourg Institute of Chemistry, Membrane Biophysics and NMR, 67000 Strasbourg, France; Institut Universitaire de France, 75231 Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zeng YC, Young OJ, Si L, Ku MW, Isinelli G, Rajwar A, Jiang A, Wintersinger CM, Graveline AR, Vernet A, Sanchez M, Ryu JH, Kwon IC, Goyal G, Ingber DE, Shih WM. DNA origami vaccine (DoriVac) nanoparticles improve both humoral and cellular immune responses to infectious diseases. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.12.29.573647. [PMID: 38260393 PMCID: PMC10802255 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.29.573647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Current SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have demonstrated robust induction of neutralizing antibodies and CD4+ T cell activation, however CD8+ responses are variable, and the duration of immunity and protection against variants are limited. Here we repurposed our DNA origami vaccine platform, DoriVac, for targeting infectious viruses, namely SARS-CoV-2, HIV, and Ebola. The DNA origami nanoparticle, conjugated with infectious-disease-specific HR2 peptides, which act as highly conserved antigens, and CpG adjuvant at precise nanoscale spacing, induced neutralizing antibodies, Th1 CD4+ T cells, and CD8+ T cells in naïve mice, with significant improvement over a bolus control. Pre-clinical studies using lymph-node-on-a-chip systems validated that DoriVac, when conjugated with antigenic peptides or proteins, induced promising cellular immune responses in human cells. These results suggest that DoriVac holds potential as a versatile, modular vaccine platform, capable of inducing both humoral and cellular immunities. The programmability of this platform underscores its potential utility in addressing future pandemics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang C. Zeng
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Olivia J. Young
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139, USA
| | - Longlong Si
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Min Wen Ku
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Giorgia Isinelli
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Anjali Rajwar
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Amanda Jiang
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Chris M. Wintersinger
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Amanda R. Graveline
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Andyna Vernet
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Melinda Sanchez
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Ju Hee Ryu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Ick Chan Kwon
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Center for Theragnosis, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Girija Goyal
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Donald E. Ingber
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Vascular Biology Program, Department of Surgery, Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - William M. Shih
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Xie M. Virus-Induced Cell Fusion and Syncytia Formation. Results Probl Cell Differ 2024; 71:283-318. [PMID: 37996683 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-37936-9_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Most enveloped viruses encode viral fusion proteins to penetrate host cell by membrane fusion. Interestingly, many enveloped viruses can also use viral fusion proteins to induce cell-cell fusion, both in vitro and in vivo, leading to the formation of syncytia or multinucleated giant cells (MGCs). In addition, some non-enveloped viruses encode specialized viral proteins that induce cell-cell fusion to facilitate viral spread. Overall, viruses that can induce cell-cell fusion are nearly ubiquitous in mammals. Virus cell-to-cell spread by inducing cell-cell fusion may overcome entry and post-entry blocks in target cells and allow evasion of neutralizing antibodies. However, molecular mechanisms of virus-induced cell-cell fusion remain largely unknown. Here, I summarize the current understanding of virus-induced cell fusion and syncytia formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maorong Xie
- Division of Infection and Immunity, UCL, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Tiwari S, Dessau M. Expression and Purification of RVFV Glycoprotein C for Structural Studies Using Baculovirus Expression System. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2824:121-133. [PMID: 39039410 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3926-9_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
The Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), transmitted through mosquito bites, leads to severe illness in humans and livestock throughout Africa and the Arabian Peninsula, causing significant morbidity and mortality. As of now, there are no verified and efficacious drugs or licensed vaccines accessible for the prevention or treatment of RVFV infections in both humans and livestock. The mature RVFV virion has two envelope proteins on its surface: glycoprotein N (GN) and glycoprotein C (GC). These proteins play a significant role in facilitating the virus's entry into the host cell, making them prominent targets for entry mechanism research as well as targets for drugs and vaccine development. The initial stage in obtaining atomic-resolution structural and mechanistic information on viral entry as well as developing biochemical and biophysical research tools involves recombinant protein production. In this chapter, we describe a simplified and scalable protocol facilitating the generation of high-quality, high-titer baculovirus virus for expression and purification of RVFV GC, utilizing the baculovirus-mediated expression system in insect cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Moshe Dessau
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Reynard O, Montharu J, Iampietro M, Gonzalez C, Le Guellec S, Horvat B, Vecellio L. Setup of Aerosol Delivery System to Prevent Measles Virus Infection in Nonhuman Primate Model. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2808:167-175. [PMID: 38743370 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3870-5_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Measles virus is one of the most contagious airborne human viruses which keeps causing outbreaks in numerous countries over the world despite the existence of an efficient vaccine. Fusion inhibitory lipopeptides were shown to inhibit viral entry into target cells, and their adequate administration into the respiratory tract may provide a novel preventive approach against airborne infections. Aerosol delivery presents the best administration route to deliver such preventive compounds to the upper and lower respiratory tract. This approach offers a conceptually new strategy to protect the population at risk against infection by respiratory viruses, including measles. It is a noninvasive needle-free approach, which may be used when antiviral protection is required, without any medical assistance. In this chapter, we describe the nebulization approach of lipopeptide compounds in nonhuman primates and the subsequent measles virus challenge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Reynard
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France.
| | | | - Mathieu Iampietro
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Claudia Gonzalez
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Sandrine Le Guellec
- Faculté de médecine, DTF-Aerodrug, R&D Aerosoltherapy Department of DTF medical (Saint Etienne, France), Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Branka Horvat
- CIRI, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, INSERM U1111, CNRS, UMR5308, Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Krok E, Franquelim HG, Chattopadhyay M, Orlikowska-Rzeznik H, Schwille P, Piatkowski L. Nanoscale structural response of biomimetic cell membranes to controlled dehydration. NANOSCALE 2023; 16:72-84. [PMID: 38062887 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr03078d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Although cell membranes exist in excess of water under physiological conditions, there are a number of biochemical processes, such as adsorption of biomacromolecules or membrane fusion events, that require partial or even complete transient dehydration of lipid membranes. Even though the dehydration process is crucial for understanding all fusion events, still little is known about the structural adaptation of lipid membranes when their interfacial hydration layer is perturbed. Here, we present the study of the nanoscale structural reorganization of phase-separated, supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) under a wide range of hydration conditions. Model lipid membranes were characterised using a combination of fluorescence microscopy and atomic force microscopy and, crucially, without applying any chemical or physical modifications that have previously been considered essential for maintaining the membrane integrity upon dehydration. We revealed that decreasing the hydration state of the membrane leads to an enhanced mixing of lipids characteristic of the liquid-disordered (Ld) phase with those forming the liquid-ordered (Lo) phase. This is associated with a 2-fold decrease in the hydrophobic mismatch between the Ld and Lo lipid phases and a 3-fold decrease in the line tension for the fully desiccated membrane. Importantly, the observed changes in the hydrophobic mismatch, line tension, and lipid miscibility are fully reversible upon subsequent rehydration of the membrane. These findings provide a deeper insight into the fundamental processes, such as cell-cell fusion, that require partial dehydration at the interface of two membranes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Krok
- Poznan University of Technology, Faculty of Materials Engineering and Technical Physics, Institute of Physics, Piotrowo 3, 60-965 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Henri G Franquelim
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
- Leipzig University, Research and Transfer Center for Bioactive Matter, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Madhurima Chattopadhyay
- Poznan University of Technology, Faculty of Materials Engineering and Technical Physics, Institute of Physics, Piotrowo 3, 60-965 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Hanna Orlikowska-Rzeznik
- Poznan University of Technology, Faculty of Materials Engineering and Technical Physics, Institute of Physics, Piotrowo 3, 60-965 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Petra Schwille
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biophysics, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Lukasz Piatkowski
- Poznan University of Technology, Faculty of Materials Engineering and Technical Physics, Institute of Physics, Piotrowo 3, 60-965 Poznan, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kao CF, Liu CY, Hsieh CL, Carillo KJD, Tzou DLM, Wang HC, Chang W. Structural and functional analyses of viral H2 protein of the vaccinia virus entry fusion complex. J Virol 2023; 97:e0134323. [PMID: 37975688 PMCID: PMC10734489 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01343-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Vaccinia virus infection requires virus-cell membrane fusion to complete entry during endocytosis; however, it contains a large viral fusion protein complex of 11 viral proteins that share no structure or sequence homology to all the known viral fusion proteins, including type I, II, and III fusion proteins. It is thus very challenging to investigate how the vaccinia fusion complex works to trigger membrane fusion with host cells. In this study, we crystallized the ectodomain of vaccinia H2 protein, one component of the viral fusion complex. Furthermore, we performed a series of mutational, biochemical, and molecular analyses and identified two surface loops containing 170LGYSG174 and 125RRGTGDAW132 as the A28-binding region. We also showed that residues in the N-terminal helical region (amino acids 51-90) are also important for H2 function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Fei Kao
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Yi Liu
- The PhD Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lin Hsieh
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Hao-Ching Wang
- The PhD Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen Chang
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Liu HY, Li X, Wang ZG, Liu SL. Virus-mimicking nanosystems: from design to biomedical applications. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:8481-8499. [PMID: 37929845 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00138e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanomedicine, as an interdisciplinary discipline involving the development and application of nanoscale materials and technologies, is rapidly developing under the impetus of bionanotechnology and has attracted a great deal of attention from researchers. Especially, with the global outbreak of COVID-19, the in-depth investigation of the infection mechanism of the viruses has made the study of virus-mimicking nanosystems (VMNs) a popular research topic. In this review, we initiate with a brief historical perspective on the emergence and development of VMNs for providing a comprehensive view of the field. Next, we present emerging design principles and functionalization strategies for fabricating VMNs in light of viral infection mechanisms. Then, we describe recent advances in VMNs in biology, with a major emphasis on representative examples. Finally, we summarize the opportunities and challenges that exist in this field, hoping to provide new insights and inspiration to develop VMNs for disease diagnosis and treatment and to attract the interest of more researchers from different fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Centre for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, School of Medicine and Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China.
| | - Xiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Centre for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, School of Medicine and Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China.
| | - Zhi-Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Centre for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, School of Medicine and Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China.
| | - Shu-Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Frontiers Science Centre for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Biosensing and Molecular Recognition, Research Centre for Analytical Sciences, College of Chemistry, School of Medicine and Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, P. R. China.
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Chen YL, Bao CJ, Duan JL, Xie Y, Lu WL. Overcoming biological barriers by virus-like drug particles for drug delivery. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 203:115134. [PMID: 37926218 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) have natural structural antigens similar to those found in viruses, making them valuable in vaccine immunization. Furthermore, VLPs have demonstrated significant potential in drug delivery, and emerged as promising vectors for transporting chemical drug, genetic drug, peptide/protein, and even nanoparticle drug. With virus-like permeability and strong retention, they can effectively target specific organs, tissues or cells, facilitating efficient intracellular drug release. Further modifications allow VLPs to transfer across various physiological barriers, thus acting the purpose of efficient drug delivery and accurate therapy. This article provides an overview of VLPs, covering their structural classifications, deliverable drugs, potential physiological barriers in drug delivery, strategies for overcoming these barriers, and future prospects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Systems, and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chun-Jie Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Systems, and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jia-Lun Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Systems, and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ying Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Systems, and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Wan-Liang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Systems, and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Furukawa H, Kimura Y, Inaba H, Matsuura K. A supramolecular system mimicking the infection process of an enveloped virus through membrane fusion. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19934. [PMID: 37968508 PMCID: PMC10651892 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47347-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane fusion is an essential step for the entry of enveloped viruses, such as human immunodeficiency virus and influenza virus, into the host cell, often triggered by the binding of membrane proteins on the viral envelope to host cell membrane. Recently, external stimuli was shown to trigger membrane fusion in an artificial system. Direct observation of artificial membrane fusion using a giant unilamellar vesicle (GUV), which is similar in size to a cell, is useful as a biological model system. However, there are no model systems for studying membrane fusion of enveloped viruses with host cells. Here, we report a supramolecular model system for viral entry into a GUV or cell through membrane fusion. The system was constructed by complexing a cationic lipid bilayer on an anionic artificial viral capsid, self-assembled from viral β-annulus peptides. We demonstrate that the cationic enveloped artificial viral capsid electrostatically interacts with the anionic GUV or cell, and the capsid enters the GUV or cell through membrane fusion. The model system established in this study will be important for analyzing membrane fusion during infection of a natural virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Furukawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori, 680-8552, Japan
| | - Yuuna Kimura
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori, 680-8552, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Inaba
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori, 680-8552, Japan
- Center for Research on Green Sustainable Chemistry, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori, 680-8552, Japan
| | - Kazunori Matsuura
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori, 680-8552, Japan.
- Center for Research on Green Sustainable Chemistry, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori, 680-8552, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Chen Y, Liu X, Zheng JN, Yang LJ, Luo Y, Yao YL, Liu MQ, Xie TT, Lin HF, He YT, Zhou P, Hu B, Tian RJ, Shi ZL. N-linked glycoproteins and host proteases are involved in swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus entry. J Virol 2023; 97:e0091623. [PMID: 37772826 PMCID: PMC10617469 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00916-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Gaining insight into the cell-entry mechanisms of swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) is critical for investigating potential cross-species infections. Here, we demonstrated that pretreatment of host cells with tunicamycin decreased SADS-CoV attachment efficiency, indicating that N-linked glycosylation of host cells was involved in SADS-CoV entry. Common N-linked sugars Neu5Gc and Neu5Ac did not interact with the SADS-CoV S1 protein, suggesting that these molecules were not involved in SADS-CoV entry. Additionally, various host proteases participated in SADS-CoV entry into diverse cells with different efficiencies. Our findings suggested that SADS-CoV may exploit multiple pathways to enter cells, providing insights into intervention strategies targeting the cell entry of this virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiang-Nan Zheng
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Chemical Biology and Omics Analysis, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Li-Jun Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Chemical Biology and Omics Analysis, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yun Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Lin Yao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Mei-Qin Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ting-ting Xie
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hao-Feng Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Tong He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ben Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui-Jun Tian
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Chemical Biology and Omics Analysis, College of Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zheng-Li Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Ali H, Naseem A, Siddiqui ZI. SARS-CoV-2 Syncytium under the Radar: Molecular Insights of the Spike-Induced Syncytia and Potential Strategies to Limit SARS-CoV-2 Replication. J Clin Med 2023; 12:6079. [PMID: 37763019 PMCID: PMC10531702 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12186079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection induces non-physiological syncytia when its spike fusogenic protein on the surface of the host cells interacts with the ACE2 receptor on adjacent cells. Spike-induced syncytia are beneficial for virus replication, transmission, and immune evasion, and contribute to the progression of COVID-19. In this review, we highlight the properties of viral fusion proteins, mainly the SARS-CoV-2 spike, and the involvement of the host factors in the fusion process. We also highlight the possible use of anti-fusogenic factors as an antiviral for the development of therapeutics against newly emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants and how the fusogenic property of the spike could be exploited for biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hashim Ali
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Asma Naseem
- Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Research and Teaching Department, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1DZ, UK
| | - Zaheenul Islam Siddiqui
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, NYU Grossman Long Island School of Medicine, New York, NY 11501, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Nguyen H, Nguyen HL, Lan PD, Thai NQ, Sikora M, Li MS. Interaction of SARS-CoV-2 with host cells and antibodies: experiment and simulation. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:6497-6553. [PMID: 37650302 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs01170g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of the devastating global COVID-19 pandemic announced by WHO in March 2020. Through unprecedented scientific effort, several vaccines, drugs and antibodies have been developed, saving millions of lives, but the fight against COVID-19 continues as immune escape variants of concern such as Delta and Omicron emerge. To develop more effective treatments and to elucidate the side effects caused by vaccines and therapeutic agents, a deeper understanding of the molecular interactions of SARS-CoV-2 with them and human cells is required. With special interest in computational approaches, we will focus on the structure of SARS-CoV-2 and the interaction of its spike protein with human angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) as a prime entry point of the virus into host cells. In addition, other possible viral receptors will be considered. The fusion of viral and human membranes and the interaction of the spike protein with antibodies and nanobodies will be discussed, as well as the effect of SARS-CoV-2 on protein synthesis in host cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hung Nguyen
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, al. Lotnikow 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Hoang Linh Nguyen
- Institute of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Duy Tan University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
- Faculty of Environmental and Natural Sciences, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
| | - Pham Dang Lan
- Life Science Lab, Institute for Computational Science and Technology, Quang Trung Software City, Tan Chanh Hiep Ward, District 12, 729110 Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Faculty of Physics and Engineering Physics, VNUHCM-University of Science, 227, Nguyen Van Cu Street, District 5, 749000 Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Quoc Thai
- Dong Thap University, 783 Pham Huu Lau Street, Ward 6, Cao Lanh City, Dong Thap, Vietnam
| | - Mateusz Sikora
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
- Department of Theoretical Biophysics, Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Mai Suan Li
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, al. Lotnikow 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zhang Q, Tang W, Stancanelli E, Jung E, Syed Z, Pagadala V, Saidi L, Chen CZ, Gao P, Xu M, Pavlinov I, Li B, Huang W, Chen L, Liu J, Xie H, Zheng W, Ye Y. Host heparan sulfate promotes ACE2 super-cluster assembly and enhances SARS-CoV-2-associated syncytium formation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5777. [PMID: 37723160 PMCID: PMC10507024 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41453-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection causes spike-dependent fusion of infected cells with ACE2 positive neighboring cells, generating multi-nuclear syncytia that are often associated with severe COVID. To better elucidate the mechanism of spike-induced syncytium formation, we combine chemical genetics with 4D confocal imaging to establish the cell surface heparan sulfate (HS) as a critical stimulator for spike-induced cell-cell fusion. We show that HS binds spike and promotes spike-induced ACE2 clustering, forming synapse-like cell-cell contacts that facilitate fusion pore formation between ACE2-expresing and spike-transfected human cells. Chemical or genetic inhibition of HS mitigates ACE2 clustering, and thus, syncytium formation, whereas in a cell-free system comprising purified HS and lipid-anchored ACE2, HS stimulates ACE2 clustering directly in the presence of spike. Furthermore, HS-stimulated syncytium formation and receptor clustering require a conserved ACE2 linker distal from the spike-binding site. Importantly, the cell fusion-boosting function of HS can be targeted by an investigational HS-binding drug, which reduces syncytium formation in vitro and viral infection in mice. Thus, HS, as a host factor exploited by SARS-CoV-2 to facilitate receptor clustering and a stimulator of infection-associated syncytium formation, may be a promising therapeutic target for severe COVID.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- The National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Weichun Tang
- Laboratory of Pediatric and Respiratory Virus Diseases, Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Eduardo Stancanelli
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Eunkyung Jung
- Center for Drug Design, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Zulfeqhar Syed
- Electron Microscopy Core, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Vijayakanth Pagadala
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
- Glycan Therapeutics Corp, 617 Hutton Street, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
| | - Layla Saidi
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Catherine Z Chen
- The National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Peng Gao
- The National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Miao Xu
- The National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Ivan Pavlinov
- The National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Bing Li
- The National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Wenwei Huang
- The National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Liqiang Chen
- Center for Drug Design, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Jian Liu
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Hang Xie
- Laboratory of Pediatric and Respiratory Virus Diseases, Division of Viral Products, Office of Vaccines Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- The National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20850, USA
| | - Yihong Ye
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Yang Y, Wang L, Peugnet-González I, Parada-Venegas D, Dijkstra G, Faber KN. cGAS-STING signaling pathway in intestinal homeostasis and diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1239142. [PMID: 37781354 PMCID: PMC10538549 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1239142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal mucosa is constantly exposed to commensal microbes, opportunistic pathogens, toxins, luminal components and other environmental stimuli. The intestinal mucosa consists of multiple differentiated cellular and extracellular components that form a critical barrier, but is also equipped for efficient absorption of nutrients. Combination of genetic susceptibility and environmental factors are known as critical components involved in the pathogenesis of intestinal diseases. The innate immune system plays a critical role in the recognition and elimination of potential threats by detecting pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). This host defense is facilitated by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), in which the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS-STING) pathway has gained attention due to its role in sensing host and foreign double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) as well as cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs) produced by bacteria. Upon binding with dsDNA, cGAS converts ATP and GTP to cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP), which binds to STING and activates TANK binding kinase 1 (TBK1) and interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), inducing type I interferon (IFN) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)-mediated pro-inflammatory cytokines, which have diverse effects on innate and adaptive immune cells and intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). However, opposite perspectives exist regarding the role of the cGAS-STING pathway in different intestinal diseases. Activation of cGAS-STING signaling is associated with worse clinical outcomes in inflammation-associated diseases, while it also plays a critical role in protection against tumorigenesis and certain infections. Therefore, understanding the context-dependent mechanisms of the cGAS-STING pathway in the physiopathology of the intestinal mucosa is crucial for developing therapeutic strategies targeting the cGAS-STING pathway. This review aims to provide insight into recent findings of the protective and detrimental roles of the cGAS-STING pathway in intestinal diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Ivonne Peugnet-González
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Daniela Parada-Venegas
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Gerard Dijkstra
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Klaas Nico Faber
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Brosio G, Rossi G, Bochicchio D. Nanoparticle-induced biomembrane fusion: unraveling the effect of core size on stalk formation. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:4675-4680. [PMID: 37705778 PMCID: PMC10496904 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00430a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Membrane fusion in vitro is a strategy to load model or cell-derived vesicles with proteins, drugs, and genetic materials for theranostic applications. It is thus crucial to develop strategies to control the fusion process, also through synthetic fusogenic agents. Ligand-protected, membrane-penetrating gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) can facilitate membrane fusion, but the molecular mechanisms remain unresolved. Here, we tackle NP-induced stalk formation using a coarse-grained molecular dynamics approach and enhanced sampling techniques. We show that smaller (2 nm in diameter) NPs lead to a lower free energy barrier and higher stalk stability than larger NPs (4 nm). We demonstrate that this difference is due to a different ligand conformational freedom, which in turn depends on the Au core curvature. Our study provides precious insights into the mechanisms underlying NP-mediated membrane fusion, while our computational approach is general and applicable to studying stalk formation caused by other fusogenic agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Brosio
- Department of Physics, University of Genoa Via Dodecaneso 33 16146 Genoa Italy
| | - Giulia Rossi
- Department of Physics, University of Genoa Via Dodecaneso 33 16146 Genoa Italy
| | - Davide Bochicchio
- Department of Physics, University of Genoa Via Dodecaneso 33 16146 Genoa Italy
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Rajput M, Thakur N. Editorial: Advances in host-pathogen interactions for diseases in animals and birds. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1282110. [PMID: 37766859 PMCID: PMC10520279 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1282110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mrigendra Rajput
- Department of Biology, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Zhang X, Li Z, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Wang J, Liu B, Chen Q, Wang Q, Fu L, Wang P, Zhong X, Jin L, Yan Q, Chen L, He J, Zhao J, Xiong X. Disulfide stabilization reveals conserved dynamic features between SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 spikes. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202201796. [PMID: 37402591 PMCID: PMC10320017 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (S) is structurally dynamic and has been observed by cryo-EM to adopt a variety of prefusion conformations that can be categorized as locked, closed, and open. S-trimers adopting locked conformations are tightly packed featuring structural elements incompatible with RBD in the "up" position. For SARS-CoV-2 S, it has been shown that the locked conformations are transient under neutral pH. Probably because of their transience, locked conformations remain largely uncharacterized for SARS-CoV-1 S. In this study, we introduced x1, x2, and x3 disulfides into SARS-CoV-1 S. Some of these disulfides have been shown to preserve rare locked conformations when introduced to SARS-CoV-2 S. Introduction of these disulfides allowed us to image a variety of locked and other rare conformations for SARS-CoV-1 S by cryo-EM. We identified bound cofactors and structural features that are associated with SARS-CoV-1 S locked conformations. We compare newly determined structures with other available spike structures of SARS-related CoVs to identify conserved features and discuss their possible functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xixi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zimu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yutong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Banghui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiuluan Chen
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health - Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lutang Fu
- Cryo-electron Microscopy Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peiyi Wang
- Cryo-electron Microscopy Center, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhong
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health - Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Jin
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health - Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, China
| | - Qihong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun He
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jincun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biocomputing, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Das A, Rivera-Serrano EE, Yin X, Walker CM, Feng Z, Lemon SM. Cell entry and release of quasi-enveloped human hepatitis viruses. Nat Rev Microbiol 2023; 21:573-589. [PMID: 37185947 PMCID: PMC10127183 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-023-00889-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Infectious hepatitis type A and type E are caused by phylogenetically distinct single-stranded, positive-sense RNA viruses that were once considered to be non-enveloped. However, studies show that both are released nonlytically from hepatocytes as 'quasi-enveloped' virions cloaked in host membranes. These virion types predominate in the blood of infected individuals and mediate virus spread within the liver. They lack virally encoded proteins on their surface and are resistant to neutralizing anti-capsid antibodies induced by infection, yet they efficiently enter cells and initiate new rounds of virus replication. In this Review, we discuss the mechanisms by which specific peptide sequences in the capsids of these quasi-enveloped virions mediate their endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT)-dependent release from hepatocytes through multivesicular endosomes, what is known about how they enter cells, and the impact of capsid quasi-envelopment on host immunity and pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anshuman Das
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Lentigen Technology, Inc., Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Efraín E Rivera-Serrano
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Biology, Elon University, Elon, NC, USA
| | - Xin Yin
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Christopher M Walker
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Paediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Zongdi Feng
- Center for Vaccines and Immunity, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA.
- Department of Paediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Stanley M Lemon
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Department of Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Qian J, Donohue MP, Bowen T, Zhang Y. The CombE-IDMS Assay as an Alternate Potency Method for Adjuvanted Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccines. Anal Chem 2023; 95:12842-12850. [PMID: 37587402 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
The potency of all currently licensed inactivated influenza viral vaccines is assayed by the single radial immunodiffusion (SRID) method. SRID relies upon antisera and reference antigen reagents which are produced, standardized, and distributed in the mass quantities needed for vaccine manufacturers only after a significant amount of time has elapsed from the seasonal strain recommendations issued by the WHO; this time delay is exacerbated under conditions of an emerging pandemic. Previously, the limited trypsin digestion isotope dilution mass spectrometry (LTD-IDMS) method, which does not require antisera or reference antigens, demonstrated comparable quantitation of immunologically active hemagglutinin, the primary viral antigen, to SRID in stressed vaccine materials. Here, we demonstrate a streamlined improvement to the LTD-IDMS method by eliminating the need for its precipitation and washing steps, saving time and labor in the sample preparation process while paving the way for plate-based high-throughput analysis. This is accomplished using dissimilar proteases in the pretreatment (a combination of chymotrypsin and elastase) and analytical (trypsin) digestion steps so that any pretreatment digests will not cause interference while monitoring analytical tryptic digests by IDMS. The combination of enzymes (CombE)-IDMS method is tested alongside LTD-IDMS and SRID for the first time on MF59 adjuvanted seasonal cell-based quadrivalent influenza vaccines (aQIVc) under stressed conditions of heating, oxidation, lowered and elevated pH, and freeze-thaw. Overall, a correlation in the degradation trend is observed between CombE-IDMS and SRID in the four strains of the quadrivalent formulation, highlighting the method's stability indicating capability as a rapid alternate potency assay in a highly complex formulation of aQIVc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Qian
- Biopharmaceutical Product Development, CSL Seqirus, 475 Green Oaks Parkway, Holly Springs, North Carolina 27540, United States
| | - Matthew P Donohue
- Biopharmaceutical Product Development, CSL Seqirus, 475 Green Oaks Parkway, Holly Springs, North Carolina 27540, United States
| | - Thomas Bowen
- Biopharmaceutical Product Development, CSL Seqirus, 475 Green Oaks Parkway, Holly Springs, North Carolina 27540, United States
| | - Ying Zhang
- Biopharmaceutical Product Development, CSL Seqirus, 475 Green Oaks Parkway, Holly Springs, North Carolina 27540, United States
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Rose K, Jepson T, Shukla S, Maya-Romero A, Kampmann M, Xu K, Hurley JH. Tau fibrils induce nanoscale membrane damage and nucleate cytosolic tau at lysosomes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.28.555157. [PMID: 37693477 PMCID: PMC10491128 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.28.555157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
The prion-like spread of protein aggregates is a leading hypothesis for the propagation of neurofibrillary lesions in the brain, including the spread of tau inclusions associated with Alzheimer's disease. The mechanisms of cellular uptake of tau seeds and subsequent nucleated polymerization of cytosolic tau are major questions in the field, and the potential for coupling between the entry and nucleation mechanisms has been little explored. We found that in primary astrocytes, endocytosis of tau seeds leads to their accumulation in lysosomes. This in turn leads to lysosomal swelling, deacidification and recruitment of ESCRT proteins, but not Galectin-3, to the lysosomal membrane. These observations are consistent with nanoscale damage of the lysosomal membrane. Using live cell and STORM, imaging, nucleation of cytosolic tau occurs primarily at the lysosome membrane under these conditions. These data suggest that tau seeds escape from lysosomes via nanoscale damage rather than wholesale rupture, and that nucleation of cytosolic tau commences as soon as tau fibril ends emerge from the lysosomal membrane.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Rose
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Tyler Jepson
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Graduate Group in Biophysics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Sankalp Shukla
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Alex Maya-Romero
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - Martin Kampmann
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, California 94158
| | - Ke Xu
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Graduate Group in Biophysics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| | - James H. Hurley
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Graduate Group in Biophysics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
de Jesús López Medina Y, Tamayo-Molina YS, Valdés-López JF, Urcuqui-Inchima S. Protective Effects of Caffeine on Chikungunya and Zika Virus Infections: An in Vitro and in Silico Study. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202300192. [PMID: 37489706 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202300192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Infection by viruses Chikungunya (CHIKV) and Zika (ZIKV) continue to be serious problems in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. Here, we evaluated the antiviral and virucidal activity of caffeine against CHIKV and ZIKV in Vero, A549, and Huh-7 cell lines. Results showed that caffeine displays antiviral properties against both viruses. By pre-and post-infection treatment, caffeine significantly inhibited CHIKV and ZIKV replication in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, caffeine showed a virucidal effect against ZIKV. Molecular docking suggests the possible binding of caffeine with envelope protein and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of CHIKV and ZIKV. This is the first study that showed an antiviral effect of caffeine against CHIKV and ZIKV. Although further studies are needed to better understand the mechanism of caffeine-mediated repression of viral replication, caffeine appears to be a promising compound that could be used for in vivo studies, perhaps in synergy with other compounds present in daily beverages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Juan Felipe Valdés-López
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Silvio Urcuqui-Inchima
- Grupo Inmunovirología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Su R, Zeng J, Marcink TC, Porotto M, Moscona A, O’Shaughnessy B. Host Cell Membrane Capture by the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Fusion Intermediate. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2023; 9:1213-1228. [PMID: 37396856 PMCID: PMC10255576 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Cell entry by SARS-CoV-2 is accomplished by the S2 subunit of the spike S protein on the virion surface by capture of the host cell membrane and fusion with the viral envelope. Capture and fusion require the prefusion S2 to transit to its potent fusogenic form, the fusion intermediate (FI). However, the FI structure is unknown, detailed computational models of the FI are unavailable, and the mechanisms and timing of membrane capture and fusion are not established. Here, we constructed a full-length model of the SARS-CoV-2 FI by extrapolating from known SARS-CoV-2 pre- and postfusion structures. In atomistic and coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations the FI was remarkably flexible and executed giant bending and extensional fluctuations due to three hinges in the C-terminal base. The simulated configurations and their giant fluctuations are quantitatively consistent with SARS-CoV-2 FI configurations measured recently using cryo-electron tomography. Simulations suggested a host cell membrane capture time of ∼2 ms. Isolated fusion peptide simulations identified an N-terminal helix that directed and maintained binding to the membrane but grossly underestimated the binding time, showing that the fusion peptide environment is radically altered when attached to its host fusion protein. The large configurational fluctuations of the FI generated a substantial exploration volume that aided capture of the target membrane, and may set the waiting time for fluctuation-triggered refolding of the FI that draws the viral envelope and host cell membrane together for fusion. These results describe the FI as machinery that uses massive configurational fluctuations for efficient membrane capture and suggest novel potential drug targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Su
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Jin Zeng
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Tara C. Marcink
- Department
of Pediatrics, Columbia University Vagelos
College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, New York 10032, United States
- Center
for Host−Pathogen Interaction, Columbia
University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Matteo Porotto
- Department
of Pediatrics, Columbia University Vagelos
College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, New York 10032, United States
- Center
for Host−Pathogen Interaction, Columbia
University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, New York 10032, United States
- Department
of Experimental Medicine, University of
Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Anne Moscona
- Department
of Pediatrics, Columbia University Vagelos
College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, New York 10032, United States
- Center
for Host−Pathogen Interaction, Columbia
University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, New York 10032, United States
- Department
of Microbiology & Immunology, Columbia
University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, New York 10032, United States
- Department
of Physiology, Columbia University Vagelos
College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Ben O’Shaughnessy
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Pawnikar S, Akhter S, Miao Y. Structural dynamics of chemokine receptors. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2023; 123:645-662. [PMID: 37718001 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2023.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Membrane proteins such as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are involved in awide range of physiological and pathological cellular processes. Binding of extracellular signals to GPCRs, including hormones, neurotransmitters, peptides and proteins, can activate intracellular signaling cascades via G protein interaction. Chemokine receptors are key GPCRs implicated in cancers, immune responses, cell migration and inflammation. Specifically, the CCR5 and CXCR4 chemokine receptors serve as important therapeutic targets against Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) entry into human cells. Maraviroc and Vicriviroc, two clinically used HIV entry inhibitors, are antagonists of the CCR5 receptor. These drugs block HIV entry, but ultimately resistance develops, due to emergence of viruses that can utilize the CXCR4 co-receptor. Unfortunately, development of chemokine receptor antagonists as selective drugs of HIV infection has been greatly hindered as their target orthosteric site is conserved among different receptor subtypes. Accordingly, it is important to understand the structural dynamics of these receptors to develop more effective therapeutics. In this chapter, we describe the latest advances in studies of these two key chemokine receptors with respect to their structures, dynamics and function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shristi Pawnikar
- Center for Computational Biology and Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Sana Akhter
- Center for Computational Biology and Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Yinglong Miao
- Center for Computational Biology and Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Nakao H, Nagao M, Yamada T, Imamura K, Nozaki K, Ikeda K, Nakano M. Impact of transmembrane peptides on individual lipid motions and collective dynamics of lipid bilayers. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 228:113396. [PMID: 37311269 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The fluid nature of lipid bilayers is indispensable for the dynamic regulation of protein function and membrane morphology in biological membranes. Membrane-spanning domains of proteins interact with surrounding lipids and alter the physical properties of lipid bilayers. However, there is no comprehensive view of the effects of transmembrane proteins on the membrane's physical properties. Here, we investigated the effects of transmembrane peptides with different flip-flop-promoting abilities on the dynamics of a lipid bilayer employing complemental fluorescence and neutron scattering techniques. The quasi-elastic neutron scattering and fluorescence experiments revealed that lateral diffusion of the lipid molecules and the acyl chain motions were inhibited by the inclusion of transmembrane peptides. The neutron spin-echo spectroscopy measurements indicated that the lipid bilayer became more rigid but more compressible and the membrane viscosity increased when the transmembrane peptides were incorporated into the membrane. These results suggest that the inclusion of rigid transmembrane structures hinders individual and collective lipid motions by slowing down lipid diffusion and increasing interleaflet coupling. The present study provides a clue for understanding how the local interactions between lipids and proteins change the collective dynamics of the lipid bilayers, and therefore, the function of biological membranes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Nakao
- Department of Biointerface Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Michihiro Nagao
- National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Neutron Research, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-6102, USA; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742-2115, USA; Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Takeshi Yamada
- Neutron Science and Technology Center, Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society (CROSS), 162-1 Shirakata, Tokai, Naka, Ibaraki 319-1106, Japan
| | - Koki Imamura
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Koichi Nozaki
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Keisuke Ikeda
- Department of Biointerface Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Minoru Nakano
- Department of Biointerface Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Canepa E, Bochicchio D, Brosio G, Silva PHJ, Stellacci F, Dante S, Rossi G, Relini A. Cholesterol-Containing Liposomes Decorated With Au Nanoparticles as Minimal Tunable Fusion Machinery. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2207125. [PMID: 36899445 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Membrane fusion is essential for the basal functionality of eukaryotic cells. In physiological conditions, fusion events are regulated by a wide range of specialized proteins, operating with finely tuned local lipid composition and ionic environment. Fusogenic proteins, assisted by membrane cholesterol and calcium ions, provide the mechanical energy necessary to achieve vesicle fusion in neuromediator release. Similar cooperative effects must be explored when considering synthetic approaches for controlled membrane fusion. We show that liposomes decorated with amphiphilic Au nanoparticles (AuLips) can act as minimal tunable fusion machinery. AuLips fusion is triggered by divalent ions, while the number of fusion events dramatically changes with, and can be finely tuned by, the liposome cholesterol content. We combine quartz-crystal-microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D), fluorescence assays, and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) with molecular dynamics (MD) at coarse-grained (CG) resolution, revealing new mechanistic details on the fusogenic activity of amphiphilic Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) and demonstrating the ability of these synthetic nanomaterials to induce fusion regardless of the divalent ion used (Ca2+ or Mg2+ ). The results provide a novel contribution to developing new artificial fusogenic agents for next-generation biomedical applications that require tight control of the rate of fusion events (e.g., targeted drug delivery).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ester Canepa
- Department of Physics, University of Genoa, Genoa, 16146, Italy
- Institute of Materials Science & Engineering, EPFL, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | | | - Giorgia Brosio
- Department of Physics, University of Genoa, Genoa, 16146, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Stellacci
- Materials Characterization Facility, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genoa, 16163, Italy
| | - Silvia Dante
- Institute of Materials Science & Engineering, EPFL, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland
| | - Giulia Rossi
- Department of Physics, University of Genoa, Genoa, 16146, Italy
| | - Annalisa Relini
- Department of Physics, University of Genoa, Genoa, 16146, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Ströh LJ, Krey T. Structural insights into hepatitis C virus neutralization. Curr Opin Virol 2023; 60:101316. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2023.101316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
|
46
|
Bennett AL, Edwards RJ, Kosheleva I, Saunders C, Bililign Y, Williams A, Manosouri K, Saunders KO, Haynes BF, Acharya P, Henderson R. Microsecond dynamics control the HIV-1 envelope conformation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.17.541130. [PMID: 37292605 PMCID: PMC10245784 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.17.541130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The HIV-1 Envelope (Env) glycoprotein facilitates host cell fusion through a complex series of receptor-induced structural changes. Although significant progress has been made in understanding the structures of various Env conformations and transition intermediates that occur within the millisecond timescale, faster transitions in the microsecond timescale have not yet been observed. In this study, we employed time-resolved, temperature-jump small angle X-ray scattering to monitor structural rearrangements in an HIV-1 Env ectodomain construct with microsecond precision. We detected a transition correlated with Env opening that occurs in the hundreds of microseconds range and another more rapid transition that preceded this opening. Model fitting indicated that the early rapid transition involved an order-to-disorder transition in the trimer apex loop contacts, suggesting that conventional conformation-locking design strategies that target the allosteric machinery may be ineffective in preventing this movement. Utilizing this information, we engineered an envelope that locks the apex loop contacts to the adjacent protomer. This modification resulted in significant angle-of-approach shifts in the interaction of a neutralizing antibody. Our findings imply that blocking the intermediate state could be crucial for inducing antibodies with the appropriate bound state orientation through vaccination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley L Bennett
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - R J Edwards
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Irina Kosheleva
- BioCARS, Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, The University of Chicago, 9700 South Cass Ave, Bld 434B, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Carrie Saunders
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Yishak Bililign
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Ashliegh Williams
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Katayoun Manosouri
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Kevin O Saunders
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Barton F Haynes
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Priyamvada Acharya
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Rory Henderson
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Frank JC, Song BH, Lee YM. Mice as an Animal Model for Japanese Encephalitis Virus Research: Mouse Susceptibility, Infection Route, and Viral Pathogenesis. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12050715. [PMID: 37242385 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12050715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a zoonotic flavivirus, is principally transmitted by hematophagous mosquitoes, continually between susceptible animals and incidentally from those animals to humans. For almost a century since its discovery, JEV was geographically confined to the Asia-Pacific region with recurrent sizable outbreaks involving wildlife, livestock, and people. However, over the past decade, it has been detected for the first time in Europe (Italy) and Africa (Angola) but has yet to cause any recognizable outbreaks in humans. JEV infection leads to a broad spectrum of clinical outcomes, ranging from asymptomatic conditions to self-limiting febrile illnesses to life-threatening neurological complications, particularly Japanese encephalitis (JE). No clinically proven antiviral drugs are available to treat the development and progression of JE. There are, however, several live and killed vaccines that have been commercialized to prevent the infection and transmission of JEV, yet this virus remains the main cause of acute encephalitis syndrome with high morbidity and mortality among children in the endemic regions. Therefore, significant research efforts have been directed toward understanding the neuropathogenesis of JE to facilitate the development of effective treatments for the disease. Thus far, multiple laboratory animal models have been established for the study of JEV infection. In this review, we focus on mice, the most extensively used animal model for JEV research, and summarize the major findings on mouse susceptibility, infection route, and viral pathogenesis reported in the past and present, and discuss some unanswered key questions for future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan C Frank
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, College of Agriculture and Applied Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Byung-Hak Song
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, College of Agriculture and Applied Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| | - Young-Min Lee
- Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, College of Agriculture and Applied Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Miyajima A, Nakao H, Ikeda K, Nakano M. The Nanometer-Scale Proximity of Bilayers Facilitates Intermembrane Lipid Transfer. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:4172-4178. [PMID: 37114850 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Biological membranes approach one another in various biological phenomena, such as lipid transport at membrane contact sites and membrane fusion. The proximity of two bilayers may cause environmental changes in the interbilayer space and alter the dynamics of lipid molecules. Here, we investigate the structure and dynamics of vesicles aggregated due to the depletion attraction caused by polyethylene glycol (PEG) through static and dynamic small-angle neutron scattering. Manipulation of the interbilayer distance using PEG-conjugated lipids reveals that lipid molecules rapidly transfer between vesicles when the opposing bilayers are within ∼2 nm of each other. This distance corresponds to a region in which water molecules are more structured than in bulk water. Kinetic analysis suggests that the decrease in water entropy is responsible for the progression of lipid transfer. These results provide a basis for understanding the dynamic function of biomembranes in confined regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayari Miyajima
- Department of Biointerface Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakao
- Department of Biointerface Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Keisuke Ikeda
- Department of Biointerface Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Minoru Nakano
- Department of Biointerface Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Sengar A, Cervantes M, Bondalapati ST, Hess T, Kasson PM. Single-Virus Fusion Measurements Reveal Multiple Mechanistically Equivalent Pathways for SARS-CoV-2 Entry. J Virol 2023; 97:e0199222. [PMID: 37133381 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01992-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) binds to cell surface receptors and is activated for membrane fusion and cell entry via proteolytic cleavage. Phenomenological data have shown that SARS-CoV-2 can be activated for entry at either the cell surface or in endosomes, but the relative roles in different cell types and mechanisms of entry have been debated. Here, we used single-virus fusion experiments and exogenously controlled proteases to probe activation directly. We found that plasma membrane and an appropriate protease are sufficient to support SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus fusion. Furthermore, fusion kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 pseudoviruses are indistinguishable no matter which of a broad range of proteases is used to activate the virus. This suggests that the fusion mechanism is insensitive to protease identity or even whether activation occurs before or after receptor binding. These data support a model for opportunistic fusion by SARS-CoV-2 in which the subcellular location of entry likely depends on the differential activity of airway, cellsurface, and endosomal proteases, but all support infection. Inhibition of any single host protease may thus reduce infection in some cells but may be less clinically robust. IMPORTANCE SARS-CoV-2 can use multiple pathways to infect cells, as demonstrated recently when new viral variants switched dominant infection pathways. Here, we used single-virus fusion experiments together with biochemical reconstitution to show that these multiple pathways coexist simultaneously and specifically that the virus can be activated by different proteases in different cellular compartments with mechanistically identical effects. The consequences of this are that the virus is evolutionarily plastic and that therapies targeting viral entry should address multiple pathways at once to achieve optimal clinical effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Sengar
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Global Infectious Diseases Institute, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Global Infectious Diseases Institute, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Marcos Cervantes
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Global Infectious Diseases Institute, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Global Infectious Diseases Institute, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Sai T Bondalapati
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Global Infectious Diseases Institute, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Global Infectious Diseases Institute, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Tobin Hess
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Global Infectious Diseases Institute, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Global Infectious Diseases Institute, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Peter M Kasson
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Global Infectious Diseases Institute, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Global Infectious Diseases Institute, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Ghafoori SM, Petersen GF, Conrady DG, Calhoun BM, Stigliano MZZ, Baydo RO, Grice R, Abendroth J, Lorimer DD, Edwards TE, Forwood JK. Structural characterisation of hemagglutinin from seven Influenza A H1N1 strains reveal diversity in the C05 antibody recognition site. Sci Rep 2023; 13:6940. [PMID: 37117205 PMCID: PMC10140725 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-33529-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza virus (IV) causes several outbreaks of the flu each year resulting in an economic burden to the healthcare system in the billions of dollars. Several influenza pandemics have occurred during the last century and estimated to have caused 100 million deaths. There are four genera of IV, A (IVA), B (IVB), C (IVC), and D (IVD), with IVA being the most virulent to the human population. Hemagglutinin (HA) is an IVA surface protein that allows the virus to attach to host cell receptors and enter the cell. Here we have characterised the high-resolution structures of seven IVA HAs, with one in complex with the anti-influenza head-binding antibody C05. Our analysis revealed conserved receptor binding residues in all structures, as seen in previously characterised IV HAs. Amino acid conservation is more prevalent on the stalk than the receptor binding domain (RBD; also called the head domain), allowing the virus to escape from antibodies targeting the RBD. The equivalent site of C05 antibody binding to A/Denver/57 HA appears hypervariable in the other H1N1 IV HAs. Modifications within this region appear to disrupt binding of the C05 antibody, as these HAs no longer bind the C05 antibody by analytical SEC. Our study brings new insights into the structural and functional recognition of IV HA proteins and can contribute to further development of anti-influenza vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mohammad Ghafoori
- School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2650, Australia
| | - Gayle F Petersen
- School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2650, Australia
| | - Deborah G Conrady
- UCB BioSciences, Bainbridge Island, WA, 98110, USA
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease (SSGCID), Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Brandy M Calhoun
- UCB BioSciences, Bainbridge Island, WA, 98110, USA
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease (SSGCID), Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Matthew Z Z Stigliano
- UCB BioSciences, Bainbridge Island, WA, 98110, USA
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease (SSGCID), Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Ruth O Baydo
- UCB BioSciences, Bainbridge Island, WA, 98110, USA
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease (SSGCID), Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Rena Grice
- UCB BioSciences, Bainbridge Island, WA, 98110, USA
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease (SSGCID), Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Jan Abendroth
- UCB BioSciences, Bainbridge Island, WA, 98110, USA
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease (SSGCID), Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Donald D Lorimer
- UCB BioSciences, Bainbridge Island, WA, 98110, USA
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease (SSGCID), Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Thomas E Edwards
- UCB BioSciences, Bainbridge Island, WA, 98110, USA
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease (SSGCID), Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Jade K Forwood
- School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, 2650, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|