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Yuan X, Feng S, Li J, Guo R, Nie C, Zhai R, Tu A, Cao X, Zhang M, Li J. Generation of advanced glycation end products from glycated protein or fructose/glyoxal-protein adducts under in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion. Food Chem 2024; 463:141175. [PMID: 39278073 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.141175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are a heterogeneous group of compounds formed both endogenously and exogenously through reactions between reducing sugars and amino acids within the proteins. The digestive tract may also serve as a site for endogenous AGEs generation. This study examined whether additional AGEs are formed during the digestion of glycated protein diets and meal-resembling systems (dietary proteins with fructose or glyoxal). The digestion of glycated protein showed that free AGEs were gradually released, but no additional AGEs were generated. In contrast, co-digestion of dietary proteins with fructose or glyoxal resulted in the formation of additional AGEs, and the reaction substrates (fructose or glyoxal) were depleted during digestion. Additionally, the lysine released from proteins decreased, leading to a loss of nutritional value of the food during co-digestion. The formation of AGEs and the depletion of essential amino acids in the gut may have significant implications for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojin Yuan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Shuqing Feng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Jianuo Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Ruixin Guo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Chenxi Nie
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Ruohan Zhai
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Aobai Tu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xinyu Cao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Min Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Juxiu Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
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Alessi J, Dzemidzic M, Harezlak J, Kareken DA, Considine RV. Neural processing of sweet taste in reward regions is reduced following bariatric surgery. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2024; 32:1709-1720. [PMID: 39192770 DOI: 10.1002/oby.24103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bariatric surgery reduces sweet-liking, but mechanisms remain unclear. We examined related brain responses. METHODS A total of 24 nondiabetic bariatric surgery and 21 control participants with normal weight to overweight were recruited for an observational controlled cohort study. They underwent sucrose taste testing outside the scanner followed by stimulation with 0.40M and 0.10M sucrose compared with water during functional magnetic resonance imaging. A total of 21 bariatric participants repeated these procedures after surgery. RESULTS Perceived sweet intensity was not different among the control, presurgery, or postsurgery groups. Bariatric participants' preferred sweet concentration decreased after surgery (0.52M to 0.29M; p = 0.008). Brain reward system (ventral tegmental area, ventral striatum, and orbitofrontal cortex) region of interest analysis showed that 0.40M sucrose activation (but not 0.10M) decreased after surgery. Sensory region (primary somatosensory and primary taste cortex) 0.40M sucrose activation was unchanged by surgery and did not differ between control and bariatric participants. Primary taste cortex activation to 0.10M sucrose solution was greater in postsurgical bariatric participants compared with control participants. CONCLUSIONS Bariatric surgery reduces the reward system response to sweet taste in women with obesity without affecting activity in sensory regions, which is consistent with reduced drive to consume sweet foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Alessi
- Medical Neuroscience Graduate Program, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Mario Dzemidzic
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Radiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Jaroslaw Harezlak
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Public Health, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - David A Kareken
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Radiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Robert V Considine
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Tripicchio GL, Smethers AD, Johnson JJ, Olenginski JA, O'Brien DM, Fisher JO, Robinson VA, Nash SH. The Carbon Isotope Ratio as an Objective Biomarker of Added Sugar Intake: A Scoping Review of Current Evidence in Human Nutrition. Adv Nutr 2024; 15:100281. [PMID: 39094908 PMCID: PMC11406090 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective biomarkers of dietary intake are needed to advance nutrition research. The carbon isotope ratio (C13/C12; CIR) holds promise as an objective biomarker of added sugar (AS) and sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake. This systematic scoping review presents the current evidence on CIRs from human studies. Search results (through April 12, 2024) yielded 6297 studies and 24 final articles. Studies were observational (n = 12), controlled feeding (n = 10), or dietary interventions (n = 2). CIRs were sampled from blood (n = 23), hair (n = 5), breath (n = 2), and/or adipose tissue (n = 1). Most (n = 17) conducted whole tissue (that is, bulk) analysis, 8 used compound specific isotope analysis (CSIA), and/or 2 studies used methods appropriate for analyzing breath. Studies were conducted in 3 concentrated geographic regions of the United States (n = 7 Virginia; n = 5 Arizona; n = 4 Alaska), with only 2 studies conducted in other countries. Studies that used CSIA to examine the CIR from the amino acid alanine (CIR-Ala; n = 4) and CIR analyzed from breath (n = 2) provided the most robust evidence for CIR as an objective biomarker of AS and SSBs (R2 range 0.36-0.91). Studies using bulk analysis of hair or blood showed positive, but modest and more variable associations with AS and SSBs (R2 range 0.05-0.48). Few studies showed no association, particularly in non-United States populations and those with low AS and SSB intakes. Two studies provided evidence for CIR to detect changes in SSB intake in response to dietary interventions. Overall, the most compelling evidence supports CIR-Ala as an objective indicator of AS intake and breath CIR as an indicator of short-term AS intake. Considering how to adjust for underlying dietary patterns remains an important area of future work and emerging methods using breath and CSIA warrant additional investigation. More evidence is needed to refine the utility and specificity of CIRs to measure AS and SSB intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina L Tripicchio
- Center for Obesity Research and Education, Temple University, PA, United States; Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Temple University, PA, United States.
| | - Alissa D Smethers
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Temple University, PA, United States
| | - Jessica J Johnson
- Institute of Arctic Biology, Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, United States
| | - Jordan A Olenginski
- Center for Obesity Research and Education, Temple University, PA, United States; Drexel University College of Medicine, PA, United States
| | - Diane M O'Brien
- Institute of Arctic Biology, Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, United States
| | - Jennifer Orlet Fisher
- Center for Obesity Research and Education, Temple University, PA, United States; Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Temple University, PA, United States
| | - Vitalina A Robinson
- Social Sciences and Clark Library, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Sarah H Nash
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa, IA, United States
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DeChristopher LR, Tucker KL. Disproportionately higher cardiovascular disease risk and incidence with high fructose corn syrup sweetened beverage intake among black young adults-the CARDIA study. Nutr J 2024; 23:84. [PMID: 39075463 PMCID: PMC11285415 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-024-00978-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The black/white heart disease mortality disparity began increasing in the early 1980's, coincident with the switch from sucrose to high-fructose-corn-syrup/(HFCS) in the US food supply. There has been more fructose in HFCS than generally-recognized-as-safe/GRAS, which has contributed to unprecedented excess-free-fructose/(unpaired-fructose) in foods/beverages. Average- per-capita excess-free-fructose, from HFCS, began exceeding dosages/(5-10 g) that trigger fructose-malabsorption in the early 1980's. Fructose malabsorption contributes to gut-dysbiosis and gut-in-situ-fructosylation of dietary peptides/incretins/(GLP-1/GIP) which forms atherosclerotic advanced-glycation-end-products. Both dysregulate gut endocrine function and are risk factors for cardiovascular disease/(CVD). Limited research shows that African Americans have higher fructose malabsorption prevalence than others. CVD risk begins early in life. METHODS Coronary-Artery-Risk-Development-in-Adults/(CARDIA) study data beginning in 1985-86 with 2186 Black and 2277 White participants, aged 18-30 y, were used to test the hypothesis that HFCS sweetened beverage intake increases CVD risk/incidence, more among Black than White young adults, and at lower intakes; while orange juice-a low excess-free-fructose juice with comparable total sugars and total fructose, but a 1:1 fructose-to-glucose-ratio, i.e., low excess-free-fructose, does not. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate hazard ratios. RESULTS HFCS sweetened beverage intake was associated with higher CVD risk (HR = 1.7) than smoking (HR = 1.6). CVD risk was higher at lower HFCS sweetened beverage intake among Black than White participants. Intake, as low as 3 times/wk, was associated with twice the CVD risk vs. less frequent/never, among Black participants only (HR 2.1, 95% CI 1.2-3.7; P = 0.013). Probability of an ordered relationship approached significance. Among Black participants, CVD incidence jumped 62% from 59.8/1000, among ≤ 2-times/wk, to 96.9/1000 among 3-6 times/wk consumers. Among White participants, CVD incidence increased from 37.6/1000, among ≤ 1.5-times/wk, to 41.1/1000, among 2 times/wk-once/d - a 9% increase. Hypertension was highest among Black daily HFCS sweetened beverage consumers. CONCLUSION The ubiquitous presence of HFCS over-the-past-40 years, at higher fructose-to-glucose ratios than generally-recognized-as-safe, may have contributed to CVD racial disparities, due to higher fructose-malabsorption prevalence among Black individuals, unpaired/excess-free-fructose induced gut dysbiosis and gut fructosylation of dietary peptides/incretins (GLP-1/GIP). These disturbances contribute to atherosclerotic plaque; promote incretin insufficiency/dysregulation/altered satiety/dysglycemia; decrease protective microbiota metabolites; and increase hypertension, CVD morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katherine L Tucker
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences and Center for Population Health, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA
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Oreščanin Dušić Z, Kovačević S, Ristić N, Vojnović Milutinović D, Vidonja Uzelac T, Blagojević D, Djordjevic A, Brkljačić J. Effects of Liquid Fructose Supplementation and Chronic Unpredictable Stress on Uterine Contractile Activity in Nonpregnant Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6770. [PMID: 38928475 PMCID: PMC11204023 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Increased fructose consumption and chronic stress, the major characteristics of modern lifestyle, impact human health; however, the consequences of their combination on the uterus remain understudied. In this study, we investigated contractile activity, morphology, and intracellular activity of antioxidant enzymes in uteri from virgin Wistar rats subjected to liquid fructose supplementation and/or unpredictable stress over 9 weeks. Contractile activity and uterine response to oxytocin or adrenaline were examined ex vivo using isolated bath chambers. Fructose supplementation, irrespective of stress, affected uterine morphology by increasing endometrium while decreasing myometrium volume density, attenuated uterine response to increasing doses of oxytocin, and increased glutathione peroxidase activity. Stress, irrespective of fructose, attenuated dose-dependent adrenaline-induced uterine relaxation. Stress, when applied solely, decreased mitochondrial superoxide dismutase activity. In the combined treatment, irregular estrous cycles and both reduced response to oxytocin and to adrenaline (as a consequence of fructose consumption and exposure to stress), along with fructose-related alteration of uterine morphology, were detected. In conclusion, fructose and stress affect uterine contractile activity, irrespective of each other, by inducing completely distinct responses in isolated uteri. In the combined treatment, the effects of both factors were evident, suggesting that the combination exerts more detrimental effects on the uterus than each factor individually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zorana Oreščanin Dušić
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 142 Despot Stefan Blvd, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (Z.O.D.); (T.V.U.); (D.B.)
| | - Sanja Kovačević
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 142 Despot Stefan Blvd, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.K.); (D.V.M.); (A.D.)
| | - Nataša Ristić
- Department of Cytology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 142 Despot Stefan Blvd, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Danijela Vojnović Milutinović
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 142 Despot Stefan Blvd, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.K.); (D.V.M.); (A.D.)
| | - Teodora Vidonja Uzelac
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 142 Despot Stefan Blvd, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (Z.O.D.); (T.V.U.); (D.B.)
| | - Duško Blagojević
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 142 Despot Stefan Blvd, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (Z.O.D.); (T.V.U.); (D.B.)
| | - Ana Djordjevic
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 142 Despot Stefan Blvd, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.K.); (D.V.M.); (A.D.)
| | - Jelena Brkljačić
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”—National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 142 Despot Stefan Blvd, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia; (S.K.); (D.V.M.); (A.D.)
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Rivera-Paredez B, Morales M, Velázquez-Cruz R, Salmerón J, Jiménez-Corona A, Balderas-Arteaga N, González-Villalpando C, Tamayo J, Lajous M, Catzin-Kuhlmann A, Nelson R, Correa-Rotter R, Denova-Gutierréz E. Association between soft drinks intake and low glomerular filtration rate in Mexican adults: Results from RenMex. Clin Nutr 2024; 43:1062-1069. [PMID: 38547595 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2024.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS To evaluate the association between soft drinks (SDs) consumption and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in a Mexican adult population. METHODS We used data from the RenMex consortium (n = 2095) that included the Mexican Teachers Cohort Study (34-65 years), the Health Workers Cohort Study (18-90 years), and the Comitán Study (19-91 years). In this cross-sectional study, we assessed SDs consumption (cola and flavored soda) using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and estimated eGFR using the CKD Epidemiology Collaboration equation. Quantile regression was used to assess the association between SDs consumption and eGFR with eGFR as a continuous variable. Multinomial logistic regression models were used for eGFR categories derived from quantile regression (mildly decreased eGFR, ≥72.9-87.9 mL/min/1.73 m2 and moderately decreased eGFR, <72.9 mL/min/1.73 m2). RESULTS Mean age of study participants was 47.2 years, 67.5% were women, and 12.2% had diabetes. eGFR was <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 in 3.7% of study participants. Mildly decreased eGFR was present in 14.8%, and moderately decreased eGFR was present in 10.1% of study participants. Quantile regression results showed that SDs consumption was associated with lower eGFR at the 10th, 25th, 50th and 75th percentile. Based on the final adjusted multinomial model, ≥7 servings/week was positively associated with moderately decreased eGFR relative to <1 serving/week (Relative Risk Ratio = 1.95; 95% CI: 1.07-3.57). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that higher SDs consumption is associated with lower eGFR. Encouraging healthy dietary choices should be part of the management and prevention of CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berenice Rivera-Paredez
- Research Center in Policies, Population and Health, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mariluz Morales
- Research Center in Policies, Population and Health, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rafael Velázquez-Cruz
- Genomics of Bone Metabolism Laboratory, National Institute of Genomic Medicine, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jorge Salmerón
- Research Center in Policies, Population and Health, School of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Aida Jiménez-Corona
- Department of Ocular Epidemiology and Visual Health, Instituto de Oftalmología Conde de Valenciana, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Nydia Balderas-Arteaga
- Nutrition and Health Research Center, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | | | | | - Martin Lajous
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Andrés Catzin-Kuhlmann
- Dirección de Medicina, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Robert Nelson
- Chronic Kidney Disease Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Ricardo Correa-Rotter
- Departamento de Nefrología y Metabolismo Mineral, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Edgar Denova-Gutierréz
- Nutrition and Health Research Center, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
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DeChristopher LR. 40 years of adding more fructose to high fructose corn syrup than is safe, through the lens of malabsorption and altered gut health-gateways to chronic disease. Nutr J 2024; 23:16. [PMID: 38302919 PMCID: PMC10835987 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-024-00919-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Labels do not disclose the excess-free-fructose/unpaired-fructose content in foods/beverages. Objective was to estimate excess-free-fructose intake using USDA loss-adjusted-food-availability (LAFA) data (1970-2019) for high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) and apple juice, major sources of excess-free-fructose, for comparison with malabsorption dosages (~ 5 g-children/ ~ 10 g-adults). Unlike sucrose and equimolar fructose/glucose, unpaired-fructose triggers fructose malabsorption and its health consequences. Daily intakes were calculated for HFCS that is generally-recognized-as-safe/ (55% fructose/45% glucose), and variants (65/35, 60/40) with higher fructose-to-glucose ratios (1.9:1, 1.5:1), as measured by independent laboratories. Estimations include consumer-level-loss (CLL) allowances used before (20%), and after, subjective, retroactively-applied increases (34%), as recommended by corn-refiners (~ 2012). No contributions from crystalline-fructose or agave syrup were included due to lack of LAFA data. High-excess-free-fructose-fruits (apples/pears/watermelons/mangoes) were not included. Eaten in moderation they are less likely to trigger malabsorption. Another objective was to identify potential parallel trends between excess-free-fructose intake and the "unexplained" US asthma epidemic. The fructose/gut-dysbiosis/lung axis is well documented, case-study evidence and epidemiological research link HFCS/apple juice intake with asthma, and unlike gut-dysbiosis/gut-fructosylation, childhood asthma prevalence data spans > 40 years. Results Excess-free-fructose daily intake for individuals consuming HFCS with an average 1.5:1 fructose-to-glucose ratio, ranged from 0.10 g/d in 1970, to 11.3 g/d in 1999, to 6.5 g/d in 2019, and for those consuming HFCS with an average 1.9:1 ratio, intakes ranged from 0.13 g/d to 16.9 g/d (1999), to 9.7 g/d in 2019, based upon estimates with a 20% CLL allowance. Intake exceeded dosages that trigger malabsorption (~ 5 g) around ~ 1980. By the early 1980's, tripled apple juice intake had added ~ 0.5 g to average-per-capita excess-free-fructose intake. Contributions were higher (~ 3.8 g /4-oz.) for individuals consuming apple juice consistent with a healthy eating pattern (4-oz. children, 8-oz. adults). The "unexplained" childhood asthma epidemic (1980-present) parallels increasing average-per-capita HFCS/apple juice intake trends and reflects epidemiological research findings. Conclusion Displacement of sucrose with HFCS, its ubiquitous presence in the US food-supply, the industry practice of adding more fructose to HFCS than generally-recognized-as-safe, and increased use of apple juice/crystalline fructose/agave syrup in foods/beverages has contributed to unprecedented excess-free-fructose intake levels, fructose malabsorption, gut-dysbiosis and gut-fructosylation (immunogen burden)-gateways to chronic disease.
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Osborne M, Bernard A, Falkowski E, Peterson D, Vavilikolanu A, Komnenov D. Longitudinal Associations of Dietary Fructose, Sodium, and Potassium and Psychological Stress with Vascular Aging Index and Incident Cardiovascular Disease in the CARDIA Cohort. Nutrients 2023; 16:127. [PMID: 38201956 PMCID: PMC10780647 DOI: 10.3390/nu16010127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
We explored how dietary behaviors (sucrose, fructose, sodium, and potassium consumption) and endured psychological stress in young adult males and females impact the vascular aging index (VAI) and CVD risk by mid-life. Data were obtained from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study, an ongoing longitudinal study. The included participants (n = 2656) had undergone carotid artery ultrasound at year 20 allowing VAIs to be calculated. Demographics, dietary data, and depression scores were obtained at baseline and year 20 of follow-up. Regression analyses were used to assess the predictors of VAI. Cox regression analyses were conducted to assess the risk of CVD, stroke, and all-cause mortality. Predictors of vascular aging were found to be sex-specific. In females, depression scores at baseline were positively associated with VAI (B-weight = 0.063, p = 0.015). In males, sodium intake at year 20 positively predicted VAI (B-weight = 0.145, p = 0.003) and potassium intake inversely predicted VAI (B-weight = -0.160, p < 0.001). BMI significantly predicted CVD, stroke, and death. Fructose consumption at year 20 was a significant predictor of CVD risk while having high blood pressure at baseline was significantly associated with stroke risk. Our findings support the promotion of nutrient-specific behavior changes to prevent vascular aging in early adulthood and CVD risk in mid-life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meaghan Osborne
- Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine and Physiology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (M.O.); (A.B.); (E.F.); (D.P.); (A.V.)
| | - Alexa Bernard
- Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine and Physiology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (M.O.); (A.B.); (E.F.); (D.P.); (A.V.)
| | - Emily Falkowski
- Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine and Physiology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (M.O.); (A.B.); (E.F.); (D.P.); (A.V.)
| | - Deni Peterson
- Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine and Physiology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (M.O.); (A.B.); (E.F.); (D.P.); (A.V.)
| | - Anusha Vavilikolanu
- Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine and Physiology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (M.O.); (A.B.); (E.F.); (D.P.); (A.V.)
| | - Dragana Komnenov
- Nephrology and Hypertension, Internal Medicine and Physiology, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA; (M.O.); (A.B.); (E.F.); (D.P.); (A.V.)
- John D. Dingell VA Medical Center, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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Smiliotopoulos T, Zampelas A, Houliaras G, Sgouros SN, Michas G, Bamias G, Panagiotakos D, Cholopoulos N, Chrousos GP, Roma E, Magriplis E. Association of fructose consumption with prevalence of functional gastrointestinal disorders manifestations: results from Hellenic National Nutrition and Health Survey (HNNHS). Br J Nutr 2023; 130:1961-1972. [PMID: 37197939 PMCID: PMC10630147 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523001198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to assess the total prevalence of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID), and separately, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) among adults and to determine their potential association with fructose consumption. Data from the Hellenic National Nutrition and Health Survey were included (3798 adults; 58·9 % females). Information regarding FGID symptomatology was assessed using self-reported physician diagnosis questionnaires the reliability of which were screened using the ROME III, in a sample of the population. Fructose intake was estimated from 24 h recalls, and the MedDiet score was used to assess adherence to the Mediterranean diet. The prevalence of FGID symptomatology was 20·2 %, while 8·2 % had IBS (representing 40·2 % of total FGID). The likelihood of FGID was 28 % higher (95 %CI: 1·03-1·6) and of IBS 49 % (95 %CI: 1·08-2·05) in individuals with higher fructose intake than with lower intake (3rd tertile compared with 1st). When area of residence was accounted for, individuals residing in the Greek islands had a significantly lower probability of FGID and IBS compared with those residing in Mainland and the main Metropolitan areas, with Islanders also achieving a higher MedDiet score and lower added sugar intake, comparatively to inhabitants of the main metropolitan areas. FGID and IBS symptomatology was most prominent among individuals with higher fructose consumption, and this was most conspicuous in areas with a lower Mediterranean diet adherence, suggesting that the dietary source of fructose rather than total fructose should be examined in relation to FGID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodoros Smiliotopoulos
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Quality of Life, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855Athens, Greece
| | - Antonis Zampelas
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Quality of Life, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855Athens, Greece
| | - George Houliaras
- First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527Athens, Greece
| | - Spiros N. Sgouros
- Department of Gastroenterology, Athens Naval Hospital, 7011528Athens, Greece
| | - George Michas
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Quality of Life, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855Athens, Greece
| | - George Bamias
- Department of Gastroenterology, Athens Naval Hospital, 7011528Athens, Greece
| | - Demosthenes Panagiotakos
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education Harokopio University, 17676Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Cholopoulos
- Department of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 54124Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - George P. Chrousos
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine and UNESCO Chair on Adolescent Health Care, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527Athens, Greece
| | - Eleftheria Roma
- First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527Athens, Greece
| | - Emmanuella Magriplis
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Quality of Life, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855Athens, Greece
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10
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Tseng TS, Lin WT, Ting PS, Huang CK, Chen PH, Gonzalez GV, Lin HY. Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Artificially Sweetened Beverages Consumption and the Risk of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver (NAFLD) and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH). Nutrients 2023; 15:3997. [PMID: 37764782 PMCID: PMC10534429 DOI: 10.3390/nu15183997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are fast becoming the most common chronic liver disease and are often preventable with healthy dietary habits and weight management. Sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption is associated with obesity and NAFLD. However, the impact of different types of SSBs, including artificially sweetened beverages (ASBs), is not clear after controlling for total sugar intake and total caloric intake. The aim of this study was to examine the association between the consumption of different SSBs and the risk of NAFLD and NASH in US adults. The representativeness of 3739 US adults aged ≥20 years old who had completed 24 h dietary recall interviews and measurements, including dietary, SSBs, smoking, physical activity, and liver stiffness measurements, were selected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017-2020 surveys. Chi-square tests, t-tests, and weighted logistic regression models were utilized for analyses. The prevalence of NASH was 20.5%, and that of NAFLD (defined without NASH) was 32.7% of US. adults. We observed a higher prevalence of NASH/NAFLD in men, Mexican-Americans, individuals with sugar intake from SSBs, light-moderate alcohol use, lower physical activity levels, higher energy intake, obesity, and medical comorbidities. Heavy sugar consumption through SSBs was significantly associated with NAFLD (aOR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.05-2.45). In addition, the intake of ASBs only (compared to the non-SSB category) was significantly associated with NAFLD (aOR = 1.78, 95% CI = 1.04-3.05), after adjusting for demographic, risk behaviors, and body mass index. A higher sugar intake from SSBs and exclusive ASB intake are both associated with the risk of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tung-Sung Tseng
- Behavior and Community Health Sciences Program, School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
| | - Wei-Ting Lin
- Social, Behavioral, and Population Sciences, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, 1440 Canal Street, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
| | - Peng-Sheng Ting
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
| | - Chiung-Kuei Huang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
| | - Po-Hung Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1830 East Monument Street, 4th Floor, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA;
| | - Gabrielle V. Gonzalez
- Behavior and Community Health Sciences Program, School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
| | - Hui-Yi Lin
- Biostatistics Program, School of Public Health, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA;
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11
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Yadav M, Singh G, Lata S. Polyvinylpyrrolidone/TiO 2 composites' preparation via sol-gel procedure furthered with non-enzymatic glucose sensing and antibacterial effectiveness. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:98563-98580. [PMID: 35750910 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21558-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
An amperometric non-enzymatic glucose sensing based on polyvinylpyrrolidone and titanium dioxide nanocomposites (PVP-TiO2 NCs) fabricated over stainless-steel (SS) electrode was experimented. The electrode was fabricated of PVP-TiO2 NCs onto SS surface through drop casting coating. The NCs and the electrode were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and UV-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction spectra (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), particle analyzer, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), EDS and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis for surface. For electrochemical investigation, cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectra, including Nyquist plots and Bode plots, and chronoamperometry were adopted. PVP-TiO2/SS-modified electrode manifested high sensitivity of 360.13 µA/mM.cm2, lower detection limit of 756.8 µM and 0 to 13 mM linear range with regression coefficient of R2 = 0.992. The electrode exhibited high stability with good anti-interference tendency against fructose, uric acid, ascorbic acid and sucrose. The modified electrode also performed well in real sample glucose detection. Further, PVP-TiO2 NCs performed appreciably toward antibacterial studies against some Gram-positive and Gram-negative deleterious bacteria, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella flexneri microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meena Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal, 131039, Haryana, India
| | - Geeta Singh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal, 131039, Haryana, India
| | - Suman Lata
- Department of Chemistry, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal, 131039, Haryana, India.
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12
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Nasir NAHA, Yuswan MH, Shah NNAK, Abd Rashed A, Kadota K, Yusof YA. Evaluation of Physicochemical Properties of a Hydrocolloid-Based Functional Food Fortified with Caulerpa lentillifera: A D-Optimal Design Approach. Gels 2023; 9:531. [PMID: 37504409 PMCID: PMC10379153 DOI: 10.3390/gels9070531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study introduced a D-optimal design mixture to assess the physicochemical properties of a hydrocolloid-based functional food fortified with C. lentillifera. The combination incorporated vital jelly constituents, including extract (10-15%), sweeteners (20-29%), gelling agents (k-carrageenan and locust bean gum (LBG)), and preservatives (0-0.05%). The dependent variables were pH, Total Soluble Solid (TSS) value, and moisture content (MS). By employing the D-optimal design approach, a quadratic polynomial model was developed, demonstrating strong correlations with the experimental data with coefficient determinations (R2) of 0.9941, 0.9907, and 0.9989 for pH, TSS, and MS, respectively. Based on the D-optimal design, the study identified the optimum combination of significant factors with a desirability of 0.917, comprising 14.35% extract, 23.00% sucrose, 21.70% fructose, 26.00% k-carrageenan, 13.00% LBG, 1.95% CaCl2, and 0% methylparaben. The percentage of residual standard error (RSE) was less than 5%, indicating the reliability of the developed model. Furthermore, color analysis revealed significant differences among the jellies (p < 0.05). HPLC analysis demonstrated that the total sugar content in the fortified jellies was 28% lower compared to commercial jelly. Meanwhile, the bitterness level according to e-tongue showed a reduction of up to 90.5% when compared to the extract. These findings provide a valuable benchmark for the development of functional food products, ensuring their quality, safety, and extended shelf-life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nor Atikah Husna Ahmad Nasir
- Laboratory of Halal Science Research, Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Putra Inforport, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Perlis, Kampus Arau, Arau 02600, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Hafis Yuswan
- Laboratory of Halal Science Research, Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Putra Inforport, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nor Nadiah Abd Karim Shah
- Laboratory of Halal Science Research, Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Putra Inforport, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Process and Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Aswir Abd Rashed
- Nutrition Unit, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, No. 1, Jalan, Setia Murni U13/52, Seksyen U13 Setia Alam, Shah Alam 40170, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kazunori Kadota
- Department of Formulation Design and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan
| | - Yus Aniza Yusof
- Laboratory of Halal Science Research, Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Putra Inforport, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Process and Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
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13
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Viswanathan L, Rao SS. Intestinal Disaccharidase Deficiency in Adults: Evaluation and Treatment. Curr Gastroenterol Rep 2023; 25:134-139. [PMID: 37199899 DOI: 10.1007/s11894-023-00870-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Disaccharidase deficiency in adults causes carbohydrate malabsorption, resulting in symptoms which significantly overlap with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). This article discusses the diagnosis and treatment of disaccharidase deficiency within the context of recent literature. RECENT FINDINGS Disaccharidase deficiency in adults is more common than previously thought, which includes lactase, sucrase, maltase and isomaltase enzymes. Deficiency in disaccharidases, which are produced by the intestinal brush border, will interfere with the breakdown and absorption of carbohydrates and may result in abdominal pain, gas, bloating and diarrhea. Patients deficient in all 4 disaccharidases are known as having "pan-disaccharidase" deficiency, which has a distinct phenotype with more reported weight loss than patients deficient in one enzyme. IBS patients who do not respond to low FODMAP dietary restriction may have undiagnosed disaccharidase deficiency and may benefit from testing. Diagnostic testing methods are limited to duodenal biopsies, which is the gold standard, and breath testing. Dietary restriction and enzyme replacement therapy have been shown to be effective treatments in these patients. Disaccharidase deficiency is an underdiagnosed condition in adults with chronic GI symptoms. Patients who do not respond to traditional treatment strategies for DBGI may benefit from testing for disaccharidase deficiency. Further studies delineating the distinctions between disaccharidase deficient patients and those with other motility disorders are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavanya Viswanathan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Motility, David Grant Medical Center, Travis Air Force Base, 101 Bodin Cir, Travis AFB, CA, 94535, USA.
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, USA.
| | - Satish Sc Rao
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, USA
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14
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Adedeji TG, Jeje SO, Omayone TP, Dareowolabi BO. Soda intake influences phenotype, antioxidants and inflammatory status in high protein-fed wistar rats. Heliyon 2023; 9:e15781. [PMID: 37180936 PMCID: PMC10172790 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
An increasing population of people, especially young adults who exercise, consume high protein diets along with carbonated drinks. While there are numerous studies on the effect of high protein diets, there is a need to understand how protein diets in combination with carbonated drinks impact physiology. In order to assess these effects on wistar rats' phenotype, antioxidants and inflammatory profiles, 64 wistar rats were divided into dietary groups of 8 male and 8 female animals each. The animals were fed standard diet as control (chow), chow and carbonated soda, a high protein diet (48.1% energy from protein) and a high protein diet with carbonated soda according to their groups. Body measurements, blood glucose levels, serum insulin levels, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant activity, adipokines and inflammatory markers concentrations were all determined. At the end of the study, body measurements, inflammatory markers and adipokine concentration were increased in animals fed the high protein diet and high protein-soda diet. There was a decrease in antioxidant and lipid peroxidation levels in protein fed male and female animals but those fed protein in combination with soda had increased lipid peroxidation levels. In conclusion, high protein diet in combination with carbonated soda impacts physiology differently from a high protein diet alone, and may stimulate weight gain, oxidative stress and HPD-related inflammation in Wistar rats.
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15
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Pearson RC, Green ES, Olenick AA, Jenkins NT. Comparison of aspartame- and sugar-sweetened soft drinks on postprandial metabolism. Nutr Health 2023; 29:115-128. [PMID: 34841959 DOI: 10.1177/02601060211057415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aim: We compared the impact of artificially- and sugar-sweetened beverages co-ingested with a mixed meal on postprandial fat and carbohydrate oxidation, blood glucose, and plasma insulin and triglyceride concentrations. Methods: Eight college-aged, healthy males completed three randomly assigned trials, which consisted of a mixed macronutrient meal test with 20oz of Diet-Coke (AS), Coca-Cola (NS), or water (CON). One week separated each trial and each participant served as his own control. Resting energy expenditure (REE) via indirect calorimetry, blood pressure, and blood samples were obtained immediately before, 5, 10, 30, 60, 120, and 180 min after meal and beverage ingestion. A two-way (treatment × time) repeated-measures ANOVA was conducted to assess REE, fat and carbohydrate oxidation rates, blood glucose, and plasma insulin and triglyceride concentrations. Results: There was a significant main effect of treatment on total fat oxidation (P = 0.006), fat oxidation was significantly higher after AS (P = 0.006) and CON (P = 0.001) compared to following NS. There was a significant main effect of treatment on total carbohydrate oxidation (P = 0.005), carbohydrate oxidation was significantly lower after AS (P = 0.014) and CON (P = 0.001) compared to following NS. Plasma insulin concentration AUC was significantly lower after AS (P = 0.019) and trended lower in CON (P = 0.054) compared to following NS. Conclusion: Ingestion of a mixed meal with an artificially-sweetened beverage does not impact postprandial metabolism, whereas a sugar-sweetened beverage suppresses fat oxidation and increases carbohydrate oxidation compared to artificially-sweetened beverage and water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regis C Pearson
- Graduate Research Assistant, Department of Kinesiology, 1355University of Georgia, Athens, GA USA
| | - Edward S Green
- Graduate Research Assistant, Department of Kinesiology, 1355University of Georgia, Athens, GA USA
| | - Alyssa A Olenick
- Graduate Teaching Assistant, Department of Kinesiology, 1355University of Georgia, Athens, GA USA
| | - Nathan T Jenkins
- Associate Professor, Department of Kinesiology, 1355University of Georgia, Athens, GA USA
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16
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Yamazaki M, Okito M, Harada A, Miyake K, Tamiya T, Nakamura T. d-Allulose Supplementation Prevents Diet-Induced Hepatic Lipid Accumulation via miR-130-Mediated Regulation in C57BL/6 Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2200748. [PMID: 36461919 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE d-allulose is a low-calorie rare sugar. It has been reported that d-allulose supplementation significantly inhibits diet-induced hepatic fat accumulation. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. This study elucidates the mechanism underlying the suppressive effect of d-allulose on hepatic fat accumulation in terms of miRNA regulation. METHODS AND RESULTS Male C57BL/6 mice are divided into three experimental groups-normal diet and distilled water (CC group), high-fat diet (HFD) and distilled water (HC group), and HFD and 5% d-allulose solution (HA group)-and fed the respective diets for 8 weeks. Weight gain is significantly lower in the HA group than that in the HC group, although the caloric intake is the same in both. Histological analysis of liver tissues reveals excessive lipid accumulation in the HC group; this is greatly attenuated in the HA group. Real-time PCR and western blot analyses demonstrate that, compared to the HC group, the HA group exhibits decreased hepatic PPARγ and CD36 expression. Hepatic miR-130 expression levels are higher in the HA group than those in the CC and HC groups. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that miRNA changes associated with PPARγ may underlie the suppression of hepatic lipid accumulation induced by d-allulose intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirai Yamazaki
- Department of Medical Technology, Kagawa Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Takamatsu, 761-0123, Japan
| | - Misaki Okito
- Department of Medical Technology, Kagawa Prefectural University of Health Sciences, Takamatsu, 761-0123, Japan
| | - Akio Harada
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Kagawa University Faculty of Medicine, Miki, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Keisuke Miyake
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Kagawa University Faculty of Medicine, Miki, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Takashi Tamiya
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Kagawa University Faculty of Medicine, Miki, 761-0793, Japan
| | - Takehiro Nakamura
- Department of Physiology 2, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, 701-0192, Japan
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17
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Børresen KØ, Rosendahl-Riise H, Brantsæter AL, Egeland GM. Intake of sucrose-sweetened beverages and risk of developing pharmacologically treated hypertension in women: cohort study. BMJ Nutr Prev Health 2022; 5:277-285. [PMID: 36619334 PMCID: PMC9813634 DOI: 10.1136/bmjnph-2022-000426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the association between intake of sucrose-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and risk of developing pharmacologically treated hypertension in a population of Norwegian mothers followed up to 10 years after delivery. Design Women without hypertension at baseline in the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (n=60 027) who delivered between 2004 and 2009 were linked to the Norwegian Prescription Database to ascertain antihypertensive medication use after the first 90 days following delivery. Diet was assessed by a validated semiquantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire in mid pregnancy. Cox proportional hazard analyses evaluated HRs for the development of hypertension associated with SSB consumption as percent energy by quintiles in multivariable models. Supplemental analyses were stratified by gestational hypertension and by a low versus high sodium-to-potassium intake ratio (<0.78 compared with ≥0.78). Results A total of 1480 women developed hypertension within 10 years of follow-up. The highest relative to the lowest quintile of SSB intake was associated with an elevated risk for hypertension after adjusting for numerous covariates in adjusted models (HR: 1.20 (95% CI: 1.02 to 1.42)). Consistency in results was observed in sensitivity analyses. In stratified analyses, the high SSB intake quintile associated with elevated hypertension risk among women who were normotensive during pregnancy (HR: 1.25 (95% CI: 1.03 to 1.52)), who had normal body mass index (HR: 1.49 (95% CI: 1.13 to 1.93)) and among women with low sodium to potassium ratio (HR: 1.33 (95% CI: 1.04 to 1.70)). Conclusions This study provides strong evidence that SSB intake is associated with an increased risk of hypertension in women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Grace M Egeland
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway,Department of Health Registry Research and Development, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
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18
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Tsan L, Chometton S, Hayes AM, Klug ME, Zuo Y, Sun S, Bridi L, Lan R, Fodor AA, Noble EE, Yang X, Kanoski SE, Schier LA. Early-life low-calorie sweetener consumption disrupts glucose regulation, sugar-motivated behavior, and memory function in rats. JCI Insight 2022; 7:e157714. [PMID: 36099052 PMCID: PMC9714783 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.157714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-calorie sweetener (LCS) consumption in children has increased dramatically due to its widespread presence in the food environment and efforts to mitigate obesity through sugar replacement. However, mechanistic studies on the long-term impact of early-life LCS consumption on cognitive function and physiological processes are lacking. Here, we developed a rodent model to evaluate the effects of daily LCS consumption (acesulfame potassium, saccharin, or stevia) during adolescence on adult metabolic, behavioral, gut microbiome, and brain transcriptomic outcomes. Results reveal that habitual early-life LCS consumption impacts normal postoral glucose handling and impairs hippocampal-dependent memory in the absence of weight gain. Furthermore, adolescent LCS consumption yielded long-term reductions in lingual sweet taste receptor expression and brought about alterations in sugar-motivated appetitive and consummatory responses. While early-life LCS consumption did not produce robust changes in the gut microbiome, brain region-specific RNA-Seq analyses reveal LCS-induced changes in collagen- and synaptic signaling-related gene pathways in the hippocampus and nucleus accumbens, respectively, in a sex-dependent manner. Collectively, these results reveal that habitual early-life LCS consumption has long-lasting implications for glucoregulation, sugar-motivated behavior, and hippocampal-dependent memory in rats, which may be based in part on changes in nutrient transporter, sweet taste receptor, and central gene pathway expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Tsan
- Neuroscience Graduate Program and
- Department of Biological Sciences, Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sandrine Chometton
- Department of Biological Sciences, Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Anna M.R. Hayes
- Department of Biological Sciences, Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Molly E. Klug
- Department of Biological Sciences, Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yanning Zuo
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Shan Sun
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lana Bridi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Rae Lan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Anthony A. Fodor
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - Emily E. Noble
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Scott E. Kanoski
- Neuroscience Graduate Program and
- Department of Biological Sciences, Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Lindsey A. Schier
- Neuroscience Graduate Program and
- Department of Biological Sciences, Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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19
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Sol–gel-assisted synthesis of PVPO-TiO2 nanocomposites extended to bifunctionality as efficient electrode for enzymeless D-( +)-glucose sensing and antimicrobial potential. J Solid State Electrochem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10008-022-05216-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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20
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Student J, Sowers J, Lockette W. THIRSTY FOR FRUCTOSE: Arginine Vasopressin, Fructose, and the Pathogenesis of Metabolic and Renal Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:883365. [PMID: 35656391 PMCID: PMC9152091 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.883365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We review the pathways by which arginine vasopressin (AVP) and hydration influence the sequelae of the metabolic syndrome induced by high fructose consumption. AVP and inadequate hydration have been shown to worsen the severity of two phenotypes associated with metabolic syndrome induced by high fructose intake-enhanced lipogenesis and insulin resistance. These findings have implications for those who frequently consume sweeteners such as high fructose corn syrup (HFCS). Patients with metabolic syndrome are at higher risk for microalbuminuria and/or chronic kidney disease; however, it is difficult to discriminate the detrimental renal effects of the metabolic syndrome from those of hypertension, impaired glucose metabolism, and obesity. It is not surprising the prevalence of chronic renal insufficiency is growing hand in hand with obesity, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome in those who consume large amounts of fructose. Higher AVP levels and low hydration status worsen the renal insufficiency found in patients with metabolic syndrome. This inter-relationship has public health consequences, especially among underserved populations who perform physical labor in environments that place them at risk for dehydration. MesoAmerican endemic nephropathy is a type of chronic kidney disease highly prevalent in hot ambient climates from southwest Mexico through Latin America. There is growing evidence that this public health crisis is being spurred by greater fructose consumption in the face of dehydration and increased dehydration-dependent vasopressin secretion. Work is needed at unraveling the mechanism(s) by which fructose consumption and increased AVP levels can worsen the renal disease associated with components of the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Student
- Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - James Sowers
- Division of Endocrinology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, United States
| | - Warren Lockette
- Division of Endocrinology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, United States
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21
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Dielectric characterization and modelling of aqueous solutions involving sodium chloride and sucrose and application to the design of a bi-parameter RF-sensor. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7209. [PMID: 35505075 PMCID: PMC9065094 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11355-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper reports on dielectric properties of ternary mixtures involving sodium chloride (NaCl) and sucrose (C12H22O11) dissolved into water (H2O). Broadband electromagnetic characterizations of such mixtures at various concentrations were performed, evidencing a dual behavior made of conductive effects at low frequencies and dipolar relaxation at microwave frequencies. Conductive and dielectric properties resulting from these both effects were integrated into predictive models for variations of Cole-Cole model parameters. Based upon this modelling, an innovative microwave-based sensor able to retrieve concentrations of both sodium chloride and sucrose in ternary aqueous solutions was introduced, designed, realized and assessed. The proposed sensor shows an error lower than 5.5% for concentration ranges of 0 to 154 mmol/L for sodium chloride and 0 to 877 mmol/L for sucrose.
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22
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Hafner E, Lavriša Ž, Hribar M, Krušič S, Kušar A, Žmitek K, Skrt M, Poklar Ulrih N, Pravst I. Verifying the Use of Food Labeling Data for Compiling Branded Food Databases: A Case Study of Sugars in Beverages. Front Nutr 2022; 9:794468. [PMID: 35187031 PMCID: PMC8850951 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.794468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Branded food composition databases are an important tool for research, education, healthcare, and policy making, amongst others. Such databases are typically compiled using food labeling data without chemical analyses of specific products. This study aimed to verify whether the labeled sugar content in sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) corresponds to the actual sugar content in these products, thus enabling food monitoring studies to be conducted. A secondary objective was to determine the specific types of sugars in these SSBs. A case study was conducted using market share-driven sampling of these beverages from the Slovenian food supply. On the basis of nationwide yearly sales data, 51 best-selling products were sampled in 2020 and analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography. This sales-driven approach to sampling has been shown to be very useful for conducting food monitoring studies. With the careful selection of a small proportion of available products, we finished with a manageable sample size, reflecting the composition of a majority (69%) of the national market share volume. The analyzed total sugar content was compared with labeled data, within the context of the European Union's regulatory labeling tolerances. In all samples, the sugar content was within the tolerance levels. The most common (N = 41) deviation was within ±10% of the labeled sugar content. In the subcategories, the differences between the analyzed and labeled median sugar contents were not statistically significant. Sucrose was most commonly (N = 36; 71%) used for sweetening, suggesting that the proportion of fructose in most SSBs was around 50%. A higher fructose content was only observed in beverages with fructose–glucose syrup or a higher content of fruit juice. The study results show that the labeled sugar content information in SSBs is reliable and can be used to compile branded food databases and monitor the nutritional quality of foods in the food supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edvina Hafner
- Nutrition and Public Health Research Group, Nutrition Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Živa Lavriša
- Nutrition and Public Health Research Group, Nutrition Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maša Hribar
- Nutrition and Public Health Research Group, Nutrition Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sanja Krušič
- Nutrition and Public Health Research Group, Nutrition Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Anita Kušar
- Nutrition and Public Health Research Group, Nutrition Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katja Žmitek
- Nutrition and Public Health Research Group, Nutrition Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- VIST–Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mihaela Skrt
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Igor Pravst
- Nutrition and Public Health Research Group, Nutrition Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- VIST–Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- *Correspondence: Igor Pravst
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23
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Does the Prevalence of Obesity Affect the Demand for Soft Drinks? Evidence from Cross-Country Panel Data. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19020938. [PMID: 35055759 PMCID: PMC8775901 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19020938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The impact of soft drinks on obesity has been widely investigated during the last decades. Conversely, the role of obesity as a factor influencing the demand for soft drinks remains largely unexplored. However, understanding potential changes in the demand for soft drinks, as a result of changes in the spread of obesity, may be useful to better design a comprehensive strategy to curb soft drink consumption. In this paper, we aim to answer the following research question: Does the prevalence of obesity affect the demand for soft drinks? For this purpose, we collected data in a sample of 97 countries worldwide for the period 2005–2019. To deal with problems of reverse causality, an instrumental variable approach and a two-stage least squares method were used to estimate the impact of the age-standardized obesity rate on the market demand for soft drinks. After controlling for several demographic and socio-economic confounding factors, we found that a one percent increase in the prevalence of obesity increases the consumption of soft drinks and carbonated soft drinks by about 2.37 and 1.11 L per person/year, respectively. Our findings corroborate the idea that the development of an obesogenic food environment is a self-sustaining process, in which obesity and unhealthy lifestyles reinforce each other, and further support the need for an integrated approach to curb soft drink consumption by combining sugar taxes with bans, regulations, and nutrition education programs.
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Yadav M, Dhanda M, Arora R, Jagdish R, Singh G, Lata S. Titania (TiO 2)/silica (SiO 2) nanospheres or NSs amalgamated on a pencil graphite electrode to sense l-ascorbic acid electrochemically and augmented NSs for antimicrobial behaviour. NEW J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj01892f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of TiO2@SiO2 nanospheres, modification on a pencil graphite electrode, electrochemical sensing study of the modified electrode for ascorbic acid detection and antimicrobial study of nanospheres have been investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meena Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal-131039, Haryana, India
| | - Monika Dhanda
- Department of Chemistry, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal-131039, Haryana, India
| | - Rajat Arora
- Department of Chemistry, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal-131039, Haryana, India
| | - Renu Jagdish
- Department of Biotechnology, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal-131039, Haryana, India
| | - Geeta Singh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal-131039, Haryana, India
| | - Suman Lata
- Department of Chemistry, Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal-131039, Haryana, India
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25
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Association between Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption and Executive Function in Children. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124563. [PMID: 34960115 PMCID: PMC8705971 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) and executive function among children has been less investigated. We aimed to explore this topic. We randomly recruited 6387 children aged 6-12 years from five elementary schools in Guangzhou, China in 2019. Information on frequency and servings of children's SSB consumption was assessed using a questionnaire. Children's executive function was evaluated using parents' ratings of the Behavioral Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF), which comprises eight subscales-including inhibit, shift, emotional control, initiate, working memory, plan/organize, organization of materials and monitor, as well as three composite indexes including behavioral regulation index (BRI), metacognition index (MI), and global executive index (GEC). SSB consumption was positively associated with all subscales and composite scores of BRIEF as well as higher risks of elevated executive difficulties, indicating poorer executive function. For example, children who drank SSB ≥2 times/week were related to higher scores of GEC (estimates, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.44, 1.79 to 3.09) compared with those who never drank SSB. The odds ratio of elevated GEC associated with SSB consumption ≥2 times/week was 1.62 (95% CI: 1.34, 1.96) than non-consumers. The results of this study indicated that SSB consumption was associated with poorer executive function in children.
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26
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Kovačević S, Brkljačić J, Vojnović Milutinović D, Gligorovska L, Bursać B, Elaković I, Djordjevic A. Fructose Induces Visceral Adipose Tissue Inflammation and Insulin Resistance Even Without Development of Obesity in Adult Female but Not in Male Rats. Front Nutr 2021; 8:749328. [PMID: 34869524 PMCID: PMC8632624 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.749328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Obesity and related metabolic disturbances are frequently related to modern lifestyle and are characterized by excessive fructose intake. Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) inflammation has a central role in the development of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and metabolic syndrome. Since sex-related differences in susceptibility and progression of metabolic disorders are not yet fully understood, our aim was to examine inflammation and insulin signaling in VAT of fructose-fed female and male adult rats. Methods: We analyzed effects of 9-week 10% fructose-enriched diet on energy intake, VAT mass and histology, and systemic insulin sensitivity. VAT insulin signaling and markers of VAT inflammation, and antioxidative defense status were also evaluated. Results: The fructose diet had no effect on VAT mass and systemic insulin signaling in the female and male rats, while it raised plasma uric acid, increased PPARγ level in the VAT, and initiated the development of a distinctive population of small adipocytes in the females. Also, adipose tissue insulin resistance, evidenced by increased PTP1B and insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) inhibitory phosphorylation and decreased Akt activity, was detected. In addition, fructose stimulated the nuclear accumulation of NFκB, increased expression of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα), and protein level of macrophage marker F4/80, superoxide dismutase 1, and glutathione reductase. In contrast to the females, the fructose diet had no effect on plasma uric acid and VAT inflammation in the male rats, but less prominent alterations in VAT insulin signaling were observed. Conclusion: Even though dietary fructose did not elicit changes in energy intake and led to obesity in the females, it initiated the proliferation of small-sized adipocytes capable of storing fats further. In contrast to the males, this state of VAT was accompanied with enhanced inflammation, which most likely contributed to the development of insulin resistance. The observed distinction could possibly originate from sex-related differences in uric acid metabolism. Our results suggest that VAT inflammation could precede obesity and start even before the measurable increase in VAT mass, making it a silent risk factor for the development of T2D. Our results emphasize that adipose tissue dysfunction, rather than its simple enlargement, could significantly contribute to the onset and development of obesity and related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Kovačević
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Brkljačić
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Vojnović Milutinović
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ljupka Gligorovska
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Biljana Bursać
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Elaković
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Djordjevic
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković"-National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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27
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Kovačević S, Elaković I, Vojnović Milutinović D, Nikolić-Kokić A, Blagojević D, Matić G, Tappy L, Djordjevic A, Brkljačić J. Fructose-Rich Diet Attenuates Stress-Induced Metabolic Disturbances in the Liver of Adult Female Rats. J Nutr 2021; 151:3661-3670. [PMID: 34510217 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both fructose consumption and chronic stress contribute to the development of metabolic disorders. The consequences of such combination are not fully understood. OBJECTIVE We investigated whether fructose supplementation and chronic stress synergistically disturb hepatic lipid and glucose metabolism. The role of energy sensing, redox, and inflammatory status during development of metabolic disturbances was investigated. METHODS Female Wistar rats, aged 2.5 mo, were divided into 4 experimental groups: control (C) fed a standard diet (commercial food and drinking water); fructose (F) fed the same food and 10% fructose solution; stress (S) fed the standard diet and subjected to chronic unpredictable stress and, stress + fructose (SF) combining conditions F and S as above. Stress included daily stressors: cold water forced swimming, physical restraint, cold room, wet bedding, rocking, switching, or tilting cages. After 9 wk, hepatic enzymes and transcription factors involved in gluconeogenesis, lipogenesis, fatty acid oxidation, antioxidative defence, energy sensing, and cytokines were assessed by qPCR, Western blotting, and spectrophotometry and analyzed by 2-factor ANOVA. RESULTS Fructose increased AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation (40%; P < 0.05) and the ratio of inhibitory phosphorylation to total acetyl-CoA carboxylase (46%; P < 0.01), and decreased sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c nuclear translocation by 30% (P < 0.05) in F and SF compared with C rats. Increased phosPck (phoenolpyruvate carboxykinase) (85%) and G6pase(glucose-6-phosphatase) (55%) was observed in S rats (P < 0.05). A 40% decrease in Apob (apolipoprotein B-100) and an increase in hepatic lipids (P < 0.05), together with a double increase in TNF-α (P < 0.001), were observed in S rats, but without liver histopathological changes. These stress effects on lipid accumulation and TNF-α were abolished in SF rats (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Fructose does not enhance stress effects on hepatic lipid and glucose metabolism but attenuates its effects on hepatic lipid accumulation and inflammation, suggesting that, in female rats, AMPK activation prevails over stress-induced effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Kovačević
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Elaković
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijela Vojnović Milutinović
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Nikolić-Kokić
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Duško Blagojević
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Gordana Matić
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Luc Tappy
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, UNIL-CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ana Djordjevic
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Brkljačić
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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28
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Köhler S, Schmacht M, Troubounis AHL, Ludszuweit M, Rettberg N, Senz M. Tradition as a Stepping Stone for a Microbial Defined Water Kefir Fermentation Process: Insights in Cell Growth, Bioflavoring, and Sensory Perception. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:732019. [PMID: 35910583 PMCID: PMC9336596 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.732019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A process development from a traditional grain-based fermentation to a defined water kefir fermentation using a co-culture of one lactic acid bacterium and one yeast was elaborated as a prerequisite for an industrially scalable, controllable, and reproducible process. Further, to meet a healthy lifestyle, a low ethanol-containing product was aimed for. Five microbial strains—Hanseniaspora valbyensis, Dekkera bruxellensis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Liquorilactobacillus nagelii, and Leuconostoc mesenteroides—were used in pairs in order to examine their influence on the fermentation progress and the properties of the resulting water kefir products against grains as a control. Thereby, the combination of H. valbyensis and L. mesenteroides provided the best-rated water kefir beverage in terms of taste and low ethanol concentrations at the same time. As a further contribution to harmonization and reduction of complexity, the usage of dried figs in the medium was replaced by fig syrup, which could have been proven as an adequate substitute. However, nutritional limitations were faced afterward, and thus, an appropriate supplementation strategy for yeast extract was established. Finally, comparative trials in 5-L scale applying grains as well as a defined microbial consortium showed both water kefir beverages characterized by a pH of 3.14, and lactic acid and aromatic sensory properties. The product resulting from co-culturing outperformed the grain-based one, as the ethanol level was considerably lower in favor of an increased amount of lactic acid. The possibility of achieving a water kefir product by using only two species shows high potential for further detailed research of microbial interactions and thus functionality of water kefir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Köhler
- Department Bioprocess Engineering and Applied Microbiology, Research and Teaching Institute for Brewing (VLB) in Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maximilian Schmacht
- Department Bioprocess Engineering and Applied Microbiology, Research and Teaching Institute for Brewing (VLB) in Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Technische Universität Berlin, Faculty III Process Sciences, Chair of Bioprocess Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology, Berlin, Germany
- *Correspondence: Maximilian Schmacht,
| | - Aktino H. L. Troubounis
- Department Bioprocess Engineering and Applied Microbiology, Research and Teaching Institute for Brewing (VLB) in Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marie Ludszuweit
- Department Bioprocess Engineering and Applied Microbiology, Research and Teaching Institute for Brewing (VLB) in Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nils Rettberg
- Research Institute for Beer and Beverage Analysis, Research and Teaching Institute for Brewing (VLB) in Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Senz
- Department Bioprocess Engineering and Applied Microbiology, Research and Teaching Institute for Brewing (VLB) in Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Martin Senz,
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29
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Sigala DM, Hieronimus B, Medici V, Lee V, Nunez MV, Bremer AA, Cox CL, Price CA, Benyam Y, Chaudhari AJ, Abdelhafez Y, McGahan JP, Goran MI, Sirlin CB, Pacini G, Tura A, Keim NL, Havel PJ, Stanhope KL. Consuming Sucrose- or HFCS-sweetened Beverages Increases Hepatic Lipid and Decreases Insulin Sensitivity in Adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:3248-3264. [PMID: 34265055 PMCID: PMC8530743 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Studies in rodents and humans suggest that high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS)-sweetened diets promote greater metabolic dysfunction than sucrose-sweetened diets. OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of consuming sucrose-sweetened beverage (SB), HFCS-SB, or a control beverage sweetened with aspartame on metabolic outcomes in humans. METHODS A parallel, double-blinded, NIH-funded study. Experimental procedures were conducted during 3.5 days of inpatient residence with controlled feeding at a research clinic before (baseline) and after a 12-day outpatient intervention period. Seventy-five adults (18-40 years) were assigned to beverage groups matched for sex, body mass index (18-35 kg/m2), and fasting triglyceride, lipoprotein and insulin concentrations. The intervention was 3 servings/day of sucrose- or HFCS-SB providing 25% of energy requirement or aspartame-SB, consumed for 16 days. Main outcome measures were %hepatic lipid, Matsuda insulin sensitivity index (ISI), and Predicted M ISI. RESULTS Sucrose-SB increased %hepatic lipid (absolute change: 0.6 ± 0.2%) compared with aspartame-SB (-0.2 ± 0.2%, P < 0.05) and compared with baseline (P < 0.001). HFCS-SB increased %hepatic lipid compared with baseline (0.4 ± 0.2%, P < 0.05). Compared with aspartame-SB, Matsuda ISI decreased after consumption of HFCS- (P < 0.01) and sucrose-SB (P < 0.01), and Predicted M ISI decreased after consumption of HFCS-SB (P < 0.05). Sucrose- and HFCS-SB increased plasma concentrations of lipids, lipoproteins, and uric acid compared with aspartame-SB. No outcomes were differentially affected by sucrose- compared with HFCS-SB. Beverage group effects remained significant when analyses were adjusted for changes in body weight. CONCLUSION Consumption of both sucrose- and HFCS-SB induced detrimental changes in hepatic lipid, insulin sensitivity, and circulating lipids, lipoproteins and uric acid in 2 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desiree M Sigala
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Bettina Hieronimus
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Valentina Medici
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, UC Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Vivien Lee
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Marinelle V Nunez
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Andrew A Bremer
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, UC Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Chad L Cox
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, California State University, Sacramento, Sacramento, CA 95819, USA
| | - Candice A Price
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Yanet Benyam
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Abhijit J Chaudhari
- Department of Radiology School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Yasser Abdelhafez
- Department of Radiology School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - John P McGahan
- Department of Radiology School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Michael I Goran
- The Saban Research Institute, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA
| | - Claude B Sirlin
- Liver Imaging Group, Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Giovanni Pacini
- Metabolic Unit, Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (CNR), 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Tura
- Metabolic Unit, Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (CNR), 35127 Padova, Italy
| | - Nancy L Keim
- United States Department of Agriculture, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Peter J Havel
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Kimber L Stanhope
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine and Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Basic Sciences, Touro University of California, Vallejo, CA 94592, USA
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30
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Roglans N, Baena M, Sangüesa G, Velázquez AM, Griñán-Ferré C, Pallàs M, Sánchez RM, Alegret M, Laguna JC. Chronic liquid fructose supplementation does not cause liver tumorigenesis but elicits clear sex differences in the metabolic response in Sprague-Dawley rats. Food Nutr Res 2021; 65:7670. [PMID: 34650394 PMCID: PMC8494264 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v65.7670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has increased over the last decades and may evolve into hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). As HCC is challenging to treat, knowledge on the modifiable risk factors for NAFLD/HCC (e.g. hyper caloric diets rich in fructose) is essential. Objective and design We used a model of diethyl nitrosamine-induced hepatocarcinogenesis to investigate the liver cancer-promoting effects of a diet supplemented with 10% liquid fructose, administered to male and female rats for 11 months. A subset of the fructose-supplemented rats received resveratrol (RVT) in the last 4 months of treatment. Results and discussion Rat livers showed no de visu or histological evidence of liver tumorigenesis. However, we observed metabolic abnormalities that could be related to cancer development mainly in the female fructose-supplemented rats, such as increases in weight, adiposity and hepatic triglyceride levels, as well as hyperglycaemia, hyperuricemia, hyperleptinemia and a reduced insulin sensitivity index, which were partially reversed by RVT. Therefore, we performed a targeted analysis of 84 cancer-related genes in the female liver samples, which revealed expression changes associated with cancer-related pathways. Analysis of individual genes indicated that some changes increased the risk of hepatocarcinogenesis (Sfrp2, Ccl5, Socs3, and Gstp1), while others exerted a protective/preventive effect (Bcl2 and Cdh1). Conclusion Our data clearly demonstrate that chronic fructose supplementation, as the sole dietary intervention, does not cause HCC development in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Roglans
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Baena
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Sangüesa
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Magdalena Velázquez
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christian Griñán-Ferré
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Neuroscience (UBNeuro), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Pallàs
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Neuroscience (UBNeuro), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa María Sánchez
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Alegret
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Laguna
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Food Science, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Biomedicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Madrid, Spain
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Béghin L, Huybrechts I, Drumez E, Kersting M, Walker RW, Kafatos A, Molnar D, Manios Y, Moreno LA, De Henauw S, Gottrand F. High Fructose Intake Contributes to Elevated Diastolic Blood Pressure in Adolescent Girls: Results from The HELENA Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:3608. [PMID: 34684609 PMCID: PMC8538236 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between high fructose consumption and elevated blood pressure continues to be controversial, especially in adolescence. The aim of this study was to assess the association between fructose consumption and elevated blood pressure in an European adolescent population. METHODS A total of 1733 adolescents (mean ± SD age: 14.7 ± 1.2; percentage of girls: 52.8%) were analysed from the Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence (HELENA) study in eight European countries. Blood pressure was measured using validated devices and methods for measuring systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Dietary data were recorded via repeated 24 h recalls (using specifically developed HELENA-DIAT software) and converted into pure fructose (monosaccharide form) and total fructose exposure (pure fructose + fructose from sucrose) intake using a specific fructose composition database. Food categories were separated at posteriori in natural vs. were non-natural foods. Elevated BP was defined according to the 90th percentile cut-off values and was compared according to tertiles of fructose intake using univariable and multivariable mixed logistic regression models taking into account confounding factors: centre, sex, age and z-score-BMI, MVPA (Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity) duration, tobacco consumption, salt intake and energy intake. RESULTS Pure fructose from non-natural foods was only associated with elevated DBP (DBP above the 10th percentile in the highest consuming girls (OR = 2.27 (1.17-4.40); p = 0.015) after adjustment for cofounding factors. CONCLUSIONS Consuming high quantities of non-natural foods was associated with elevated DBP in adolescent girls, which was in part due to high fructose levels in these foods categories. The consumption of natural foods containing fructose, such as whole fruits, does not impact blood pressure and should continue to remain a healthy dietary habit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Béghin
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286—INFINITE and CIC-1403, F-59000 Lille, France;
| | - Inge Huybrechts
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; (I.H.); (S.D.H.)
- Dietary Exposure Assessment Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, F-69000 Lyon, France
| | - Elodie Drumez
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 2694—METRICS: Évaluation des Technologies de Santé et des Pratiques Médicales, F-59000 Lille, France;
- CHU Lille, Department of Biostatistics, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Mathilde Kersting
- Research Department of Child Nutrition, Pediatric University Clinic, Ruhr-University Bochum, D-44791 Bochum, Germany;
| | - Ryan W Walker
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
| | - Anthony Kafatos
- Preventive Medicine and Nutrition Clinic, University of Crete School of Medicine, G-14122 Crete, Greece;
| | - Denes Molnar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pecs, H-7600 Pecs, Hungary;
| | - Yannis Manios
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Harakopio, G-10431 Athens, Greece;
| | - Luis A Moreno
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group Escuela Universitaria de Ciencas de la Salud, Universidad de Zaragoza, S-50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
| | - Stefaan De Henauw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium; (I.H.); (S.D.H.)
| | - Frédéric Gottrand
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, U1286—INFINITE and CIC-1403, F-59000 Lille, France;
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32
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Carvalho LCF, Dias BV, Gomes SV, Carneiro CM, Costa DC. Temporal effect of fructose supplementation at different concentrations on hepatic metabolism of Wistar rats. NUTR HOSP 2021; 38:1089-1100. [PMID: 34176275 DOI: 10.20960/nh.03691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Introduction: in the last few years important changes have occurred in nutritional patterns. There has been an increase in the consumption of simple carbohydrates such as fructose, which has been associated with numerous metabolic disorders, including hepatic steatosis. Materials and methods: we sought to evaluate the impact of fructose consumption, as diluted in water at different concentrations, for two time periods, on the metabolic parameters of Wistar rats using ANOVA. Results: our data indicate that both time and fructose concentration promote variations in animal body mass, and in food, water, and caloric intake. The time variable influenced the modulation of biochemical parameters such as serum concentrations of glucose and total cholesterol. Both fructose concentration and time of exposure influenced the concentrations of serum triglycerides, creatinine, AST, TNF, and IL-6. When evaluating redox status and oxidative damage markers, we observed that fructose concentration and exposure time had an effect on total glutathione levels, which decreased with an increase in concentration and time. For superoxide dismutase, we evaluated the effects of time and interaction. A significant interaction was observed for TBARS. For carbonylated proteins, exposure time was a fundamental factor in generating an effect. Conclusions: we demonstrated that fructose modulates the parameters of triglycerides and total liver cholesterol, and that time influences the number of hepatocytes. Our data suggest that fructose concentration, exposure time, and an interaction between these two parameters have a significant effect on the metabolic parameters responsible for the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Cristina Faria Carvalho
- Metabolic Biochemistry Laboratory. Department of Biological Sciences (DECBI). Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas (ICEB). Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto
| | - Bruna Vidal Dias
- Metabolic Biochemistry Laboratory. Department of Biological Sciences (DECBI). Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas (ICEB). Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto
| | - Sttefany Viana Gomes
- Metabolic Biochemistry Laboratory. Department of Biological Sciences (DECBI). Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas (ICEB). Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto
| | - Cláudia Martins Carneiro
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas (NUPEB), Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas (ICEB). Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto. Campus Universitário Morro do Cruzeiro
| | - Daniela Caldeira Costa
- Metabolic Biochemistry Laboratory. Department of Biological Sciences (DECBI). Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas (ICEB). Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto
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Chan LY, Coyle DH, Wu JHY, Louie JCY. Total and Free Sugar Levels and Main Types of Sugars Used in 18,784 Local and Imported Pre-Packaged Foods and Beverages Sold in Hong Kong. Nutrients 2021; 13:3404. [PMID: 34684405 PMCID: PMC8540970 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
There is limited information regarding the free sugar content of pre-packaged foods in Hong Kong. This study aims to assess the free sugar content and identify the most frequently used free sugar ingredients (FSI) in pre-packaged foods in Hong Kong. Data from 18,784 products from the 2019 FoodSwitch Hong Kong database were used in this analysis. Ingredient lists were screened to identify FSI. Total sugar content was derived from nutrition labels on packaging. Free sugar content was estimated based on adaptation of a previously established systematic methodology. Descriptive statistics of the total sugar and free sugar content, as well as the mean ± SD contribution of free sugar to total sugar of the audited products were calculated, stratified by food groups. Almost two-thirds (64.5%) of the pre-packaged foods contained at least one FSI. 'Sugar (sucrose)' was the most popular FSI that was found in more than half (54.7%) of the products. 'Fruit and vegetable juices' (median 10.0; IQR 8.3-11.5 g/100 mL) were found to have a higher median free sugar content than 'Soft drinks' (8.0; 6.0-10.6 g/100 mL). Mean ± SD contribution of free sugar to the total sugar content was 65.8 ± 43.4%, with 8 out of 14 food groups having >70% total sugar as free sugar. To conclude, free sugar, especially sucrose, was extensively used in a wide variety of pre-packaged products sold in Hong Kong. Further studies are needed to assess the population intake of free sugar in Hong Kong to inform public health policy on free sugar reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lok Yin Chan
- Faculty of Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong 999077, China;
| | - Daisy H. Coyle
- Food Policy Division, The George Institute for Global Health, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia; (D.H.C.); (J.H.Y.W.)
| | - Jason H. Y. Wu
- Food Policy Division, The George Institute for Global Health, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia; (D.H.C.); (J.H.Y.W.)
| | - Jimmy Chun Yu Louie
- Faculty of Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong 999077, China;
- Food Policy Division, The George Institute for Global Health, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia; (D.H.C.); (J.H.Y.W.)
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Ferretti F, Mariani M, Sarti E. Is the development of obesogenic food environments a self-reinforcing process? Evidence from soft drink consumption. Global Health 2021; 17:91. [PMID: 34407853 PMCID: PMC8371432 DOI: 10.1186/s12992-021-00735-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding how the development of obesogenic food environments and the consumption of ultra-processed foods and beverages influence each other can help policymakers to identify effective ways to curb the current obesity epidemic. This paper was designed to investigate whether, and to what extent, the consumption of soft drinks and the prevalence of obesity are linked through feedback effects. METHODS An ecological study design and a simultaneous equation model were used to investigate the existence of a vicious cycle between the consumption of soft drinks and the prevalence of obesity. The analysis was based on a longitudinal dataset covering per capita sales of soft drinks, the age-standardised prevalence rate of obesity and several demographic and socio-economic control variables in a sample of 98 countries worldwide for the period 2005-2019. RESULTS Using a Two-Stage Least Squares (2SLS) regression model with fixed effects, we documented a self-reinforcing process that links consumption and obesity. Changes in the spread of obesity were associated with changes in soft drink consumption: a one-unit increase in the age-adjusted prevalence rate of obesity increased consumption by about 2.39 l per person per year. Similarly, as the consumption of soft drinks rose, so did the prevalence of obesity: the age-adjusted rate of obesity increased by 0.07% for every additional litre consumed per capita. Computing the impact multipliers, we found that the outcome of a one-unit decrease in the average price of soft drinks was twofold: a) the prevalence of obesity increased by around 0.17%; and b) consumption increased by around 2.40 l per person, the sum of the increase directly caused by the price reduction (2 l) and the increase due to the interplay between consumption and obesity (0.4 l). CONCLUSIONS This study has identified a feedback loop between unhealthy habits (i.e. the consumption of soft drinks) and health outcomes (i.e. the prevalence of obesity). This interplay amplifies the impact of any exogenous changes in the determinants of consumption and obesity. These feedback effects should be considered and exploited in planning effective strategies to tackle the burden of obesity and the global epidemic of non-communicable diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Ferretti
- School of Social Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
- Department of Communication and Economics, Viale Allegri 9, 42121, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - Michele Mariani
- School of Social Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
- Department of Communication and Economics, Viale Allegri 9, 42121, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Elena Sarti
- School of Social Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
- Department of Communication and Economics, Viale Allegri 9, 42121, Reggio Emilia, Italy
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35
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Hassan MH, Vyas C, Grieve B, Bartolo P. Recent Advances in Enzymatic and Non-Enzymatic Electrochemical Glucose Sensing. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:4672. [PMID: 34300412 PMCID: PMC8309655 DOI: 10.3390/s21144672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The detection of glucose is crucial in the management of diabetes and other medical conditions but also crucial in a wide range of industries such as food and beverages. The development of glucose sensors in the past century has allowed diabetic patients to effectively manage their disease and has saved lives. First-generation glucose sensors have considerable limitations in sensitivity and selectivity which has spurred the development of more advanced approaches for both the medical and industrial sectors. The wide range of application areas has resulted in a range of materials and fabrication techniques to produce novel glucose sensors that have higher sensitivity and selectivity, lower cost, and are simpler to use. A major focus has been on the development of enzymatic electrochemical sensors, typically using glucose oxidase. However, non-enzymatic approaches using direct electrochemistry of glucose on noble metals are now a viable approach in glucose biosensor design. This review discusses the mechanisms of electrochemical glucose sensing with a focus on the different generations of enzymatic-based sensors, their recent advances, and provides an overview of the next generation of non-enzymatic sensors. Advancements in manufacturing techniques and materials are key in propelling the field of glucose sensing, however, significant limitations remain which are highlighted in this review and requires addressing to obtain a more stable, sensitive, selective, cost efficient, and real-time glucose sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed H. Hassan
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (M.H.H.); (C.V.)
| | - Cian Vyas
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (M.H.H.); (C.V.)
| | - Bruce Grieve
- Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;
| | - Paulo Bartolo
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK; (M.H.H.); (C.V.)
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Shirif AZ, Kovačević S, Brkljačić J, Teofilović A, Elaković I, Djordjevic A, Matić G. Decreased Glucocorticoid Signaling Potentiates Lipid-Induced Inflammation and Contributes to Insulin Resistance in the Skeletal Muscle of Fructose-Fed Male Rats Exposed to Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137206. [PMID: 34281257 PMCID: PMC8269441 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The modern lifestyle brings both excessive fructose consumption and daily exposure to stress which could lead to metabolic disturbances and type 2 diabetes. Muscles are important points of glucose and lipid metabolism, with a crucial role in the maintenance of systemic energy homeostasis. We investigated whether 9-week fructose-enriched diet, with and without exposure to 4-week unpredictable stress, disturbs insulin signaling in the skeletal muscle of male rats and evaluated potential contributory roles of muscle lipid metabolism, glucocorticoid signaling and inflammation. The combination of fructose-enriched diet and stress increased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors-α and -δ and stimulated lipid uptake, lipolysis and β-oxidation in the muscle of fructose-fed stressed rats. Combination of treatment also decreased systemic insulin sensitivity judged by lower R-QUICKI, and lowered muscle protein content and stimulatory phosphorylations of insulin receptor supstrate-1 and Akt, as well as the level of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 and glucocorticoid receptor. At the same time, increased levels of protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B, nuclear factor-κB, tumor necrosis factor-α, were observed in the muscle of fructose-fed stressed rats. Based on these results, we propose that decreased glucocorticoid signaling in the skeletal muscle can make a setting for lipid-induced inflammation and the development of insulin resistance in fructose-fed stressed rats.
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Dbar S, Akhmadullina O, Sabelnikova E, Belostotskiy N, Parfenov A, Bykova S, Bakharev S, Baulo E, Babanova A, Indeykina L, Kuzmina T, Kosacheva T, Spasenov A, Makarova A. Patients with functional bowel disorder have disaccharidase deficiency: A single-center study from Russia. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:4178-4187. [PMID: 34141780 PMCID: PMC8173401 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i17.4178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional bowel disorder (FBD) may be caused by a decrease in disaccharidase activity. Thus, the timely diagnosis of disaccharidase deficiency could lead to a better prognosis in patients with this condition.
AIM To determine the potential value of intestinal disaccharidases glucoamylase, maltase, sucrase, and lactase in understanding the etiology and pathogenesis of FBD.
METHODS A total of 82 FBD patients were examined. According to the Rome IV criteria (2016), 23 patients had diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), 33 had functional diarrhea, 10 had constipation-predominant IBS, 4 had functional constipation, and 12 had mixed IBS. The Dahlqvist method was used to measure disaccharidase activity in the brush-border membrane of mature enterocytes of the small intestine, in duodenal biopsies obtained during esophagogastroduodenoscopy.
RESULTS Lactase deficiency was detected in 86.5% of patients, maltase deficiency in 48.7%, sucrase deficiency in 50%, and glucoamylase deficiency in 84.1%. The activities of all enzymes were reduced in 31.7% of patients, and carbohydrase deficiency was detected in 63.5% of patients. The low activity of enzymes involved in membrane digestion in the small intestine was found in 95.2% of patients.
CONCLUSION In 78 of the 82 patients with FBD, gastrointestinal symptoms were associated with disaccharidase deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saria Dbar
- Non-inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Moscow Health Department, Moscow Clinical Scientific Center n.a. A.S. Loginov, Moscow 111123, Russia
| | - Olga Akhmadullina
- Non-inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Moscow Health Department, Moscow Clinical Scientific Center n.a. A.S. Loginov, Moscow 111123, Russia
| | - Elena Sabelnikova
- Moscow Health Department, Moscow Clinical Scientific Center n.a. A.S. Loginov, Moscow 111123, Russia
| | - Nikolai Belostotskiy
- Pre-Clinical Research Laboratory, Moscow Clinical Scientific Center Named after A.S. Loginov MHD, Moscow 111123, Russia
| | - Asfold Parfenov
- Department of Bowel Pathology, Moscow Health Department, Moscow Clinical Scientific Center n.a. A.S. Loginov, Moscow 111123, Russia
| | - Svetlana Bykova
- Non-inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Moscow Health Department, Moscow Clinical Scientific Center n.a. A.S. Loginov, Moscow 111123, Russia
| | - Sergey Bakharev
- Non-inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Moscow Health Department, Moscow Clinical Scientific Center n.a. A.S. Loginov, Moscow 111123, Russia
| | - Elena Baulo
- Non-inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Moscow Health Department, Moscow Clinical Scientific Center n.a. A.S. Loginov, Moscow 111123, Russia
| | - Alexandra Babanova
- Non-inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Moscow Health Department, Moscow Clinical Scientific Center n.a. A.S. Loginov, Moscow 111123, Russia
| | - Lilia Indeykina
- Laboratory of Functional Diagnostics of Intestinal Diseases, Moscow Health Department, Moscow Clinical Scientific Center n.a. A.S. Loginov, Moscow 111123, Russia
| | - Tatyana Kuzmina
- Nutraceuticals Laboratory, Moscow Health Department, Moscow Clinical Scientific Center n.a. A.S. Loginov, Moscow 111123, Russia
| | - Tatiana Kosacheva
- Non-inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Moscow Health Department, Moscow Clinical Scientific Center n.a. A.S. Loginov, Moscow 111123, Russia
| | - Aleksey Spasenov
- Department of Medical Statistics, Moscow Health Department, Moscow Clinical Scientific Center n.a. A.S. Loginov, Moscow 111123, Russia
| | - Alina Makarova
- Laboratory of Functional Diagnostics of Intestinal Diseases, Moscow Health Department, Moscow Clinical Scientific Center n.a. A.S. Loginov, Moscow 111123, Russia
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Tobar-Bernal FA, Zamudio SR, Quevedo-Corona L. The high-fructose intake of dams during pregnancy and lactation exerts sex-specific effects on adult rat offspring metabolism. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2021; 12:411-419. [PMID: 32519631 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174420000501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Experimental studies have demonstrated the effects of maternal fructose consumption during pregnancy and lactation on metabolic alterations in their offspring, especially male offspring. However, few studies have focused on female offspring after providing fructose in food to dam rats. Here, we studied whether offspring of both sexes were differentially affected by a maternal high-fructose diet (HFD). For this purpose, Sprague-Dawley rats were fed during pregnancy and lactation with a standard diet (SD) or a HFD (50% w/w). After weaning, offspring were fed an SD; 3 days later, dams were sacrificed, and their offspring were sacrificed on postnatal day 90. Body weight (BW), food and water intake (only for dams), and various biomarkers of metabolic syndrome were measured. When compared to the SD-fed dams, HFD-fed dams had a reduction in BW and food and water intake. Conversely, adiposity, liver weight, liver lipids, and plasma levels of glucose, insulin, cholesterol, triglycerides, and uric acid were increased in HFD-fed dams. Moreover, the BW, food consumption, weight of retroperitoneal fat pads, and liver lipids increased in female and male offspring of HFD-fed dams. Interestingly, the pups of HFD-fed mothers showed increased levels of leptin and insulin resistance and decreased levels of adiponectin which were more pronounced in male offspring than in female offspring. In contrast, a higher increase in BW was shown earlier in female offspring. Thus, high-fructose consumption by dams during pregnancy and lactation led to sex-specific developmental programming of the metabolic syndrome phenotype in adult offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca A Tobar-Bernal
- Departamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Sergio R Zamudio
- Departamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Lucía Quevedo-Corona
- Departamento de Fisiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Kim SO, Bae EM, Lee YN, Son JS. Association between Consumption of Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Korean Men: Analysis Based on the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2014-2016. Korean J Fam Med 2021; 42:212-218. [PMID: 34038989 PMCID: PMC8164932 DOI: 10.4082/kjfm.20.0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to evaluate the association between the high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) in Korean men. Methods This cross-sectional study analyzed the data of 3,705 men (age 30–64 years) who participated in the 2014–2016 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). SSB intake was defined as the sum of the intakes of carbonated beverages and fruit juices. Participants were categorized into study groups depending on their intake of SSBs: ≤2, 3–4, or ≥5 times per week. High CVD risk was defined as a 10-year risk of more than 10%, based on the Framingham Heart Study 10-year CVD Risk Calculator. The association between high CVD risk and SSB intake was evaluated using a multivariable-adjusted logistic regression model. Results Korean men who consumed SSBs 3–4 and ≥5 times a week showed a multivariate-adjusted odds ratio of 1.49 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05–2.11) and 1.61 (95% CI, 0.97–2.67) for high CVD risk, respectively, compared with those who consumed SSBs ≤2 times per week. Additionally, the risk of CVD increased with the increase in the intake of SSBs (P-trend=0.01). In subgroup analysis, no association was observed between SSB intake and high CVD risk in the group with regular physical activity (P for interaction=0.01). Conclusion In Korean men, except those with regular physical activity, SSB intake ≥3 times a week is associated with a high risk for CVD (10-year CVD risk ≥10%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Ok Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Mi Bae
- Department of Family Medicine, National Police Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ye-Na Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joung Sik Son
- Department of Family Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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40
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Abstract
This review intends to act as an overview of fructose malabsorption (FM) and its role in the aetiology of diseases including, but not limited to, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and infantile colic and the relationship between fructose absorption and the propagation of some cancers. IBS results in a variety of symptoms including stomach pains, cramps and bloating. Patients can be categorised into two groups, depending on whether the patients’ experiences either constipation (IBS-C) or diarrhoea (IBS-D). FM has been proposed as a potential cause of IBS-D and other diseases, such as infantile colic. However, our knowledge of FM is limited by our understanding of the biochemistry related to the absorption of fructose in the small intestine and FM’s relationship with small intestinal bacterial overgrowth. It is important to consider the dietary effects on FM and most importantly, the quantity of excess free fructose consumed. The diagnosis of FM is difficult and often requires indirect means that may result in false positives. Current treatments of FM include dietary intervention, such as low fermentable oligo-, di-, monosaccharides and polyols diets and enzymatic treatments, such as the use of xylose isomerase. More research is needed to accurately diagnose and effectively treat FM. This review is designed with the goal of providing a detailed outline of the issues regarding the causes, diagnosis and treatment of FM.
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Maj M, Harbottle B, Thomas PA, Hernandez GV, Smith VA, Edwards MS, Fanter RK, Glanz HS, Immoos C, Burrin DG, Santiago-Rodriguez TM, La Frano MR, Manjarín R. Consumption of High-Fructose Corn Syrup Compared with Sucrose Promotes Adiposity and Increased Triglyceridemia but Comparable NAFLD Severity in Juvenile Iberian Pigs. J Nutr 2021; 151:1139-1149. [PMID: 33693900 PMCID: PMC8112773 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fructose consumption has been linked to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in children. However, the effect of high-fructose corn syrup (HFCS) compared with sucrose in pediatric NAFLD has not been investigated. OBJECTIVES We tested whether the isocaloric substitution of dietary sucrose by HFCS would increase the severity of NAFLD in juvenile pigs, and whether this effect would be associated with changes in gut histology, SCFA production, and microbial diversity. METHODS Iberian pigs, 53-d-old and pair-housed in pens balanced for weight and sex, were randomly assigned to receive a mash diet top-dressed with increasing amounts of sucrose (SUC; n = 3 pens; 281.6-486.8 g/kg diet) or HFCS (n = 4; 444.3-724.8 g/kg diet) during 16 wk. Diets exceeded the animal's energy requirements by providing sugars in excess, but met the requirements for all other nutrients. Animals were killed at 165 d of age after blood sampling, and liver, muscle, and gut were collected for histology, metabolome, and microbiome analyses. Data were analyzed by multivariate and univariate statistics. RESULTS Compared with SUC, HFCS increased subcutaneous fat, triacylglycerides in plasma, and butyrate in colon (P ≤ 0.05). In addition, HFCS decreased UMP and short-chain acyl carnitines in liver, and urea nitrogen and creatinine in serum (P ≤ 0.05). Microbiome analysis showed a 24.8% average dissimilarity between HFCS and SUC associated with changes in SCFA-producing bacteria. Body weight gain, intramuscular fat, histological and serum markers of liver injury, and circulating hormones, glucose, and proinflammatory cytokines did not differ between diets. CONCLUSIONS Fructose consumption derived from HFCS promoted butyrate synthesis, triglyceridemia, and subcutaneous lipid deposition in juvenile Iberian pigs, but did not increase serum and histological markers of NAFLD compared with a sucrose-enriched diet. Longer studies could be needed to observe differences in liver injury among sugar types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Maj
- Biological Sciences Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA,Center for Applications in Biotechnology, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
| | - Brooke Harbottle
- Animal Science Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
| | - Payton A Thomas
- Animal Science Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
| | - Gabriella V Hernandez
- Animal Science Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
| | - Victoria A Smith
- Animal Science Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
| | - Mark S Edwards
- Animal Science Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
| | - Rob K Fanter
- College of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA,Center for Health Research, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
| | - Hunter S Glanz
- Statistics Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
| | - Chad Immoos
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
| | - Douglas G Burrin
- United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Services, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Michael R La Frano
- Center for Health Research, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA,Food Science and Nutrition Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
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Osthol Ameliorates Kidney Damage and Metabolic Syndrome Induced by a High-Fat/High-Sugar Diet. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052431. [PMID: 33670975 PMCID: PMC7957708 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive intake of fructose results in metabolic syndrome (MS) and kidney damage, partly mediated by its metabolism by fructokinase-C or ketohexokinase-C (KHK-C). Osthol has antioxidant properties, is capable of regulating adipogenesis, and inhibits KHK-C activity. Here, we examined the potential protective role of osthol in the development of kidney disease induced by a Western (high-fat/high-sugar) diet. Control rats fed with a high-fat/high-sugar diet were compared with two groups that also received two different doses of osthol (30 mg/kg/d or 40 mg/kg/d body weight BW). A fourth group served as a normal control and received regular chow. At the end of the follow-up, kidney function, metabolic markers, oxidative stress, and lipogenic enzymes were evaluated. The Western diet induced MS (hypertension, hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, obesity, hyperuricemia), a fall in the glomerular filtration rate, renal tubular damage, and increased oxidative stress in the kidney cortex, with increased expression of lipogenic enzymes and increased kidney KHK expression. Osthol treatment prevented the development of MS and ameliorated kidney damage by inhibiting KHK activity, preventing oxidative stress via nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) activation, and reducing renal lipotoxicity. These data suggest that the nutraceutical osthol might be an ancillary therapy to slow the progression of MS and kidney damage induced by a Western diet.
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Mora MR, Dando R. The sensory properties and metabolic impact of natural and synthetic sweeteners. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:1554-1583. [PMID: 33580569 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The global rise in obesity, type II diabetes, and other metabolic disorders in recent years has been attributed in part to the overconsumption of added sugars. Sugar reduction strategies often rely on synthetic and naturally occurring sweetening compounds to achieve their goals, with popular synthetic sweeteners including saccharin, cyclamate, acesulfame potassium, aspartame, sucralose, neotame, alitame, and advantame. Natural sweeteners can be further partitioned into nutritive, including polyols, rare sugars, honey, maple syrup, and agave, and nonnutritive, which include steviol glycosides and rebaudiosides, luo han guo (monk fruit), and thaumatin. We choose the foods we consume largely on their sensory properties, an area in which these sugar substitutes often fall short. Here, we discuss the most popular synthetic and natural sweeteners, with the goal of providing an understanding of differences in the sensory profiles of these sweeteners versus sucrose, that they are designed to replace, essential for the effectiveness of sugar reduction strategies. In addition, we break down the influence of these sweeteners on metabolism, and present results from a large survey of consumers' opinions on these sweeteners. Consumer interest in clean label foods has driven a move toward natural sweeteners; however, neither natural nor synthetic sweeteners are metabolically inert. Identifying sugar replacements that not only closely imitate the sensory profile of sucrose but also exert advantageous effects on body weight and metabolism is critical in successfully the ultimate goals of reducing added sugar in the average consumer's diet. With so many options for sucrose replacement available, consumer opinion and cost, which vary widely with suagr replacements, will also play a vital role in which sweeteners are successful in widespread adoption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaux R Mora
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Robin Dando
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
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Roeb E, Weiskirchen R. Fructose and Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:634344. [PMID: 33628193 PMCID: PMC7898239 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.634344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The excessive consumption of free sugars is mainly responsible for the high prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome in industrialized countries. More and more studies indicate that fructose is involved in the pathophysiology and also in the degree of disease of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In epidemiologic studies, energy-adjusted higher fructose consumption correlates with NAFLD in overweight adults. In addition to glucose, fructose, as an equivalent component of conventional household sugar, appears to have negative metabolic effects in particular due to its exclusive hepatic metabolism. Liver-related mortality is strictly associated with the degree of fibrosis, whereas the most common cause of death in patients suffering from NAFLD and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are still cardiovascular diseases. In this review article, we have summarized the current state of knowledge regarding a relationship between fructose consumption, liver fibrosis and life expectancy in NASH. Method: Selective literature search in PubMed using the keywords 'non-alcoholic fatty liver', 'fructose', and 'fibrosis' was conducted. Results: The rate of overweight and obesity is significantly higher in both, adult and pediatric NASH patients. The consumption of free sugars is currently three times the maximum recommended amount of 10% of the energy intake. The current literature shows weight gain, negative effects on fat and carbohydrate metabolism and NASH with hypercaloric intake of fructose. Conclusions: Excessive fructose consumption is associated with negative health consequences. Whether this is due to an excess of energy or the particular metabolism of fructose remains open with the current study situation. The urgently needed reduction in sugar consumption could be achieved through a combination of binding nutritional policy measures including taxation of sugary soft drinks. Previous studies suggest that diet-related fructose intake exceeding the amount contained in vegetables and fruits lead to an increase of hepatic lipogenesis. Thus, further studies to clarify the protective contribution of low-fructose intake to positively influence NAFLD in industrial population are urgently required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke Roeb
- Department of Gastroenterology, Justus Liebig University Giessen and University Hospital Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ralf Weiskirchen
- Institute of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Experimental Gene Therapy and Clinical Chemistry (IFMPEGKC), RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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Brasiunas B, Popov A, Ramanavicius A, Ramanaviciene A. Gold nanoparticle based colorimetric sensing strategy for the determination of reducing sugars. Food Chem 2021; 351:129238. [PMID: 33640764 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The colorimetric sensors for reducing sugars based on a redox reaction between AuCl4- ions and fructose, glucose, lactose, or mannose are presented. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) that formed at room temperature as a product of this reaction were registered using a spectrophotometer. Lengthening reaction time had a positive effect on the sensitivity of the developed sensors. Different reducing sugars exhibited distinct reaction rates for AuNP formation, with the rate decreasing in the order fructose > glucose > lactose > mannose. LOD values after 60 min of the reaction for different sugars followed the same trend of 0.067, 0.081, 0.087, and 0.106 mM, while LOQ was 0.223, 0.270, 0.289, and 0.353 mM, respectively. The linear range 60 min since the start of the reaction varied from 0.3 up to 5.0 mM for different sugars. The colorimetric sensor was evaluated for use in real samples of beverages, milk, and saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benediktas Brasiunas
- NanoTechnas - Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko st. 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Anton Popov
- NanoTechnas - Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko st. 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Arunas Ramanavicius
- NanoTechnas - Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko st. 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Almira Ramanaviciene
- NanoTechnas - Center of Nanotechnology and Materials Science, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Geosciences, Vilnius University, Naugarduko st. 24, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania.
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Age difference in the combined effect of soda drinks consumption and body adiposity on hyperuricaemia in US adults. Public Health Nutr 2021; 24:5756-5768. [PMID: 33541468 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980021000513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate age-related differences in the independent/combined association of added sugar intake from soda and body adiposity with hyperuricaemia in gender-stratified US adults. DESIGN Consumption of added sugar from soda was calculated from 24-h dietary interviews and categorised into none, regular and excessive consumption. Hyperuricaemia was defined as serum uric acid levels >417 mmol/l in men and >357 mmol/l in women. Multiple regression models with interaction terms and logistic models adjusted for covariates were conducted under survey-data modules. SETTING National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey during 2007-2016. PARTICIPANTS 15 338 adults without gout, failing kidneys, an estimated glomerular filtration rate < 30 or diabetes were selected. RESULTS The age-stratified prevalence rate of hyperuricaemia was 18·8-20·4 % in males and 6·8-17·3 % in females. Hyperuricaemia prevalence of approximately 50 % was observed in young and middle age males who consumed excessive added sugar from soda. Excessive added sugar intake was observed to be associated with 1·5- to 2·0-fold and 2·0- to 2·3-fold increased risk of the probability of hyperuricaemia in young and middle age males and middle age females, respectively. Study participants, regardless of age or gender, who were obese and consumed excessive added sugar from soda had the highest risk of having hyperuricaemia. CONCLUSIONS Our study revealed that the association between hyperuricaemia and consumption of excessive added sugar from soda may vary by age and gender. Obese adults who consumed excessive added sugar from soda had the highest risk of hyperuricaemia, a finding that was found across all age-specific groups for both genders.
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Sęk JP, Kaczmarczyk S, Guńka K, Kowalczyk A, Borys KM, Kasprzak A, Nowicka AM. Boronate-appended polymers with diol-functionalized ferrocene: an effective and selective method for voltammetric glucose sensing. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:880-889. [PMID: 33350427 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03776a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In this research, three types of poly(amidoamine) dendrimers doped with a phenylboronic derivative at different ratios of -B(OH)2 groups to amino groups (-NH2) and one polyethyleneimine (PEI) polymer doped with a phenylboronic acid derivative were used as molecular receptors. The voltammetric glucose detection was based on the difference in the affinity of the tested systems in relation to 2-((ferrocenylmethyl)amino)propane-1,3-diol (Fc-1,3-diol) and glucose. Polymeric phenylboronic compounds were introduced to the electrode surface through an electrodeposition process at a constant potential. The obtained calibration curves were characterized by a wide range of linearity (0.005-100 μM) and low values of the limit of detection reaching even 0.0012 μM. Moreover, the influence of interferents (ascorbic acid, uric acid and fructose) was investigated at two different concentrations. Only fructose had a significant influence on the oxidation signal of ferrocene units, but solely in the case of R-Ph-B(OH)2 (where R = PEI or PAMAM; Ph - phenyl ring) systems with a low content of boron groups, and these systems form complexes with glucose in a stoichiometric ratio of 1 : 1. The reliability of the results was confirmed by determining the percentage of recovery (added glucose vs. labeled glucose). Most of the results met the acceptance criteria (95%-105%), allowing the developed electrochemical sensors to be successfully used for the analysis of real-life samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub P Sęk
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1 Str., PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Sabina Kaczmarczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1 Str., PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Guńka
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3 Str., PL-00-664 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Agata Kowalczyk
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1 Str., PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof M Borys
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3 Str., PL-00-664 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Artur Kasprzak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3 Str., PL-00-664 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Anna M Nowicka
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1 Str., PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland.
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Berger PK, Plows JF, Jones RB, Alderete TL, Rios C, Pickering TA, Fields DA, Bode L, Peterson BS, Goran MI. Associations of maternal fructose and sugar-sweetened beverage and juice intake during lactation with infant neurodevelopmental outcomes at 24 months. Am J Clin Nutr 2020; 112:1516-1522. [PMID: 33020800 PMCID: PMC7727478 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our prior studies revealed that infant somatic growth is influenced by fructose in breast milk, and fructose in breast milk is increased in response to maternal sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake in lactation. It is unknown whether infant neurodevelopmental outcomes are also influenced by maternal SSBs in lactation. OBJECTIVES To determine whether infant cognitive development at 24 postnatal months was influenced by maternal fructose consumption during lactation, and whether this relation persisted after accounting for maternal SSB and juice (SSB + J) intake. METHODS Hispanic mother-infant pairs (n = 88) were recruited across the spectrum of prepregnancy BMI. Mothers completed two 24-h dietary recalls at 1 and 6 postnatal months, and reported breastfeedings per day. The Bayley-III Scales of Infant Development were administered at 24 postnatal months to assess infant cognition. Linear regressions were used to examine associations, reported as unstandardized (B) coefficients, 95% CIs, and P values. RESULTS Mothers consumed 1656 ± 470 kcal, 21.8 ± 12 g fructose, and 2.5 ± 2.6 servings SSBs + J, and reported 6.9 ± 2.1 breastfeedings per day at 1 postnatal month. Controlling for maternal age, prepregnancy BMI, education level, kilocalories, infant age, sex, and birthweight revealed that infant cognitive development scores at 24 postnatal months correlated inversely with maternal fructose consumption at 1 postnatal month (B = -0.08; 95% CI = -0.13, -0.03; P < 0.01). The association of infant cognitive development scores with maternal fructose consumption was no longer significant after adjustment for maternal SSB + J intake (B = -0.05; 95% CI = -0.10, 0.00; P = 0.07), whereas maternal SSB + J intake was significant in the same model (B = -0.29; 95% CI = -0.52, -0.05; P = 0.02). Infant cognitive development scores were not associated with maternal fructose and SSB + J consumption at 6 postnatal months. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that infant neurodevelopmental outcomes at 24 postnatal months can be adversely influenced by maternal fructose intake in early lactation, and this could be attributed to maternal SSB + J intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige K Berger
- Department of Pediatrics, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jasmine F Plows
- Department of Pediatrics, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Roshonda B Jones
- Department of Pediatrics, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tanya L Alderete
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Claudia Rios
- Department of Pediatrics, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Trevor A Pickering
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David A Fields
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Lars Bode
- Department of Pediatrics and Mother-Milk-Infant Center of Research Excellence, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Bradley S Peterson
- Department of Pediatrics, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael I Goran
- Department of Pediatrics, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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DeChristopher LR, Auerbach BJ, Tucker KL. High fructose corn syrup, excess-free-fructose, and risk of coronary heart disease among African Americans- the Jackson Heart Study. BMC Nutr 2020; 6:70. [PMID: 33292663 PMCID: PMC7722296 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-020-00396-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Researchers have sought to explain the black-white coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality disparity that increased from near parity to ~ 30% between 1980 and 2010. Contributing factors include cardiovascular disease prevention and treatment disparities attributable to disparities in insurance coverage. Recent research suggests that dietary/environmental factors may be contributors to the disparity. Unabsorbed/luminal fructose alters gut bacterial load, composition and diversity. There is evidence that such microbiome disruptions promote hypertension and atherosclerosis. The heart-gut axis may, in part, explain the black-white CHD disparity, as fructose malabsorption prevalence is higher among African Americans. Between 1980 and 2010, consumption of excess-free-fructose-the fructose type that triggers malabsorption-exceeded dosages associated with fructose malabsorption (~ 5 g-10 g), as extrapolated from food availability data before subjective, retroactively-applied loss adjustments. This occurred due to an industrial preference shift from sucrose to high-fructose-corn-syrup (HFCS) that began ~ 1980. During this period, HFCS became the main sweetener in US soda. Importantly, there has been more fructose in HFCS than thought, as the fructose-to-glucose ratio in popular sodas (1.9-to-1 and 1.5-to-1) has exceeded generally-recognized-as-safe levels (1.2-to-1). Most natural foods contain a ~ 1-to-1 ratio. In one recent study, ≥5 times/wk. consumers of HFCS sweetened soda/fruit drinks/and apple juice-high excess-free-fructose beverages-were more likely to have CHD, than seldom/never consumers. METHODS Jackson-Heart-Study data of African Americans was used to test the hypothesis that regular relative to low/infrequent intake of HFCS sweetened soda/fruit drinks increases CHD risk, but not orange juice-a low excess-free-fructose juice. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate hazard ratios using prospective data of 3407-3621 participants, aged 21-93 y (mean 55 y). RESULTS African Americans who consumed HFCS sweetend soda 5-6x/wk. or any combination of HFCS sweetened soda and/or fruit drinks ≥3 times/day had ~ 2 (HR 2.08, 95% CI 1.03-4.20, P = 0.041) and 2.5-3 times higher CHD risk (HR 2.98, 95% CI 1.15-7.76; P = 0.025), respectively, than never/seldom consumers, independent of confounders. There were no associations with diet-soda or 100% orange-juice, which has a similar glycemic profile as HFCS sweetened soda, but contains a ~ 1:1 fructose-to-glucose ratio. CONCLUSION The ubiquitous presence of HFCS in the food supply may pre-dispose African Americans to increased CHD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luanne R. DeChristopher
- Independent Researcher, M.Sc. Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, P.O. Box 5542, Eugene, OR 97405 USA
| | | | - Katherine L. Tucker
- Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA USA
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50
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Fernández I, González-Mora JL, Lorenzo-Luis P, Villalonga R, Salazar-Carballo PA. Nickel oxide nanoparticles-modified glassy carbon electrodes for non-enzymatic determination of total sugars in commercial beverages. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.105538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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