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Wang J, Shan A, Shi F, Zheng Q. Molecular and clinical characterization of ANG expression in gliomas and its association with tumor-related immune response. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1044402. [PMID: 37928479 PMCID: PMC10621067 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1044402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Angiogenin (ANG) has been widely reported as a crucial molecular regulator in multiple malignancies. However, its role in gliomagenesis remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the molecular and clinical characterization of ANG expression at transcriptome level and the association with glioma-related immune response. Methods A total of 301 glioma samples with mRNA microarray data (CGGA301) was obtained from the official website of CGGA project for yielding preliminary results, followed by validation in two independent RNAseq datasets, including TCGA with 697 samples and CGGA325 with 325 patients. Moreover, CGGA single-cell RNAseq (scRNAseq) data were analyzed to identify differential and dynamic ANG expression in different cells. Immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate ANG protein expression across different WHO grades in a tissue microarray (TMA). Figure generation and statistical analysis were conducted using R software. Results ANG expression was associated with clinical features, malignant phenotypes, and genomic alterations. Based on significantly correlated genes of ANG, subsequent gene ontology (GO) and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) concordantly pointed to the significant association of ANG in immune-related biological processes. Moreover, ANG showed robust correlations with canonical immune checkpoint molecules, including PD1 signaling, CTLA4, TIM3, and B7H3. Gene sets variation analysis (GSVA) found that ANG was particularly associated with activities of macrophages and antigen presentation cells (APCs) in both LGG and GBM across different datasets. Furthermore, the higher-ANG milieu seemed to recruit monocyte-macrophage lineage and dendritic cells into the glioma microenvironment. According to scRNAseq analysis, ANG was mainly expressed by neoplastic cells and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and was correlated with the initiation and progression of tumor cells and the polarization of TAMs. Finally, Kaplan-Meier plots demonstrated that higher expression of ANG was significantly correlated with shorter survival in gliomas. Cox regression analysis further confirmed ANG as an independent predictor of prognosis for gliomas of all three datasets. Conclusion ANG is significantly correlated with a range of malignant and aggressive characteristics in gliomas and reveals considerable prognostic value for glioma patients. ANG seems to be primarily associated with immune activities of macrophages and APCs in gliomas. Furthermore, ANG is mainly expressed in neoplastic cells and TAMs and is involved in the initiation and progression of neoplastic cells as well as macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Department of Emergency, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Aijun Shan
- Department of Emergency, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fei Shi
- Department of Emergency, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qijun Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
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Sturmlechner I, Sine CC, Jeganathan KB, Zhang C, Fierro Velasco RO, Baker DJ, Li H, van Deursen JM. Senescent cells limit p53 activity via multiple mechanisms to remain viable. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3722. [PMID: 35764649 PMCID: PMC9240076 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31239-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Super-enhancers regulate genes with important functions in processes that are cell type-specific or define cell identity. Mouse embryonic fibroblasts establish 40 senescence-associated super-enhancers regardless of how they become senescent, with 50 activated genes located in the vicinity of these enhancers. Here we show, through gene knockdown and analysis of three core biological properties of senescent cells that a relatively large number of senescence-associated super-enhancer-regulated genes promote survival of senescent mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Of these, Mdm2, Rnase4, and Ang act by suppressing p53-mediated apoptosis through various mechanisms that are also engaged in response to DNA damage. MDM2 and RNASE4 transcription is also elevated in human senescent fibroblasts to restrain p53 and promote survival. These insights identify key survival mechanisms of senescent cells and provide molecular entry points for the development of targeted therapeutics that eliminate senescent cells at sites of pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Sturmlechner
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Molecular Genetics Section, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Chance C Sine
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Karthik B Jeganathan
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Darren J Baker
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Hu Li
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jan M van Deursen
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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3
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Weng C, Dong H, Mao J, Lang X, Chen J. Characterization and Function of the Interaction of Angiogenin With Alpha-Actinin 2. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:837971. [PMID: 35463945 PMCID: PMC9033276 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.837971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenin (ANG) is the first human tumor-derived angiogenic protein, which can promote angiogenesis and tumor growth. In a previous study, we identified alpha-actinin 2 (ACTN2), a cytoskeletal protein, as a direct interacting protein with angiogenin. However, the interaction between ANG and ACTN2 was not characterized in detail, which may provide information on the molecular mechanisms of ANG functions. In this study, we mapped the accurate binding domain and sites in ANG and ACTN2, respectively. In ANG, the residues from 83 to 105 are the smallest motif that can bind to ACTN2. We then use site mutation analysis to identify the precise binding sites of ANG in the interaction and found that the 101st residue arginine (R101) represents the critical residue involved in the ANG–ACTN2 interaction. In ACTN2, the residues from 383 to 632, containing two spectrin domains in the middle of the rod structure of ACTN2, play an important role in the interaction. Furthermore, we validated the interaction of ACTN2-383–632 to ANG by glutathione-S-transferase (GST) pull-down assay. In functional analysis, overexpressed ACTN2-383–632 could impair tumor cell motility observably, including cell migration and invasion. Meanwhile, ACTN2-383–632 overexpression inhibited tumor cell proliferation and survival as well. These data suggest that an excess expression of ACTN2 segment ACTN2-383–632 can inhibit tumor cell motility and proliferation by interfering with the interaction between ANG and ACTN2, which provides a potential mechanism of ANG action in tumor growth and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Weng
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratoryof Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Hangzhou, China
- National Key Clinical Department of Kidney Diseases, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System Disease, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Chunhua Weng, ; Jianghua Chen,
| | - Haojie Dong
- Department of Hematological Malignancies Translational Science, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Jiajia Mao
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratoryof Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Hangzhou, China
- National Key Clinical Department of Kidney Diseases, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System Disease, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiabing Lang
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratoryof Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Hangzhou, China
- National Key Clinical Department of Kidney Diseases, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System Disease, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianghua Chen
- Kidney Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratoryof Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Hangzhou, China
- National Key Clinical Department of Kidney Diseases, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urinary System Disease, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Chunhua Weng, ; Jianghua Chen,
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Yang C, Park S, Song G, Lim W. Inhibition of the cleaved half of tRNA Gly enhances palmitic acid-induced apoptosis in human trophoblasts. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 99:108866. [PMID: 34563666 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Palmitic acid (PA) induces apoptosis in the human trophoblast cell line HTR8/SVneo. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this effect remains unclear. Although small noncoding RNAs are involved in trophoblast growth and invasion during early pregnancy, the functional roles of tRNA-derived species are currently unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the involvement of tRNA-derived species in PA-induced apoptosis in human trophoblasts. In this study, we investigate the expression and function of tRNA-derived stress-induced RNAs (tiRNAs) in HTR8/SVneo. We determined the expression of tiRNAs in HTR8/SVneo cells in response to PA. Then, we transfected inhibitor of target tiRNA in HTR8/SVneo with or without PA to examine the tRNA-derived species-regulated intracellular signal transduction by detecting calcium homeostasis, mitochondrial membrane potential, and signaling proteins. We found that the expression of tRNAGly-derived tiRNAs decreased in PA-treated human trophoblasts. Moreover, inhibition of tiRNAGlyCCC/GCC enhanced the PA-induced apoptosis along with the induction of DNA fragmentation and mitochondrial depolarization. Inhibition of tiRNAGlyCCC/GCC enhanced the expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related proteins and increased Ca2+ levels in the cytoplasm and mitochondria. Moreover, the levels of cytochrome c released from the mitochondria were synergistically affected by tiRNAGlyCCC/GCC inhibitor and PA. Furthermore, artificial regulation of ANG inhibited the expression of tiRNAGlyCCC/GCC and similar effects were observed upon the inhibition of tiRNAGlyCCC/GCC in human trophoblasts. These results suggest that tiRNAGlyCCC/GCC might be the molecule via which PA induces its effects in human trophoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changwon Yang
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunwoo Park
- Department of Plant & Biomaterials Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwonhwa Song
- Institute of Animal Molecular Biotechnology and Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Whasun Lim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kookmin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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5
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Kerschbaum S, Wegrostek C, Riegel E, Czerny T. Senescence in a cell culture model for burn wounds. Exp Mol Pathol 2021; 122:104674. [PMID: 34437877 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2021.104674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Thermal injuries cause severe damage on the cellular and tissue level and are considered especially challenging in the clinical routine. Complex interactions of different cell types and pathways dictate the formation of burn wounds. Thus, complications like burn wound progression, where so far viable tissue becomes necrotic and the size and depth of the wound increases, are difficult to explain, mainly due to the lack of simple model systems. We tested the behavior of human fibroblasts after heat treatment. A prominent response of the cells is to activate the heat shock response (HSR), which is one of the primary emergency mechanisms of the cell to proteotoxic stress factors such as heat. However, after a powerful but not lethal heat shock we observed a delayed activation of the HSR. Extending this model system, we further investigated these static cells and observed the emergence of senescent cells. In particular, the cells became β-galactosidase positive, increased p16 levels and developed a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). The secretion of cytokines like IL-6 is reminiscent of burn wounds and generates a bystander effect in so far non-senescent cells. In agreement with burn wounds, a wave of cytokine secretion enhanced by invading immune cells could explain complications like burn wound progression. A simple cell culture model can thus be applied for the analysis of highly complex conditions in human tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Kerschbaum
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences, FH Campus Wien, Helmut-Qualtinger-Gasse 2, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christina Wegrostek
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences, FH Campus Wien, Helmut-Qualtinger-Gasse 2, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Riegel
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences, FH Campus Wien, Helmut-Qualtinger-Gasse 2, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Czerny
- Department of Applied Life Sciences, University of Applied Sciences, FH Campus Wien, Helmut-Qualtinger-Gasse 2, 1030 Vienna, Austria.
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6
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Liu X, Chai Y, Liu G, Su W, Guo Q, Lv X, Gao P, Yu B, Ferbeyre G, Cao X, Wan M. Osteoclasts protect bone blood vessels against senescence through the angiogenin/plexin-B2 axis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:1832. [PMID: 33758201 PMCID: PMC7987975 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22131-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthetic glucocorticoids (GCs), one of the most effective treatments for chronic inflammatory and autoimmune conditions in children, have adverse effects on the growing skeleton. GCs inhibit angiogenesis in growing bone, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we show that GC treatment in young mice induces vascular endothelial cell senescence in metaphysis of long bone, and that inhibition of endothelial cell senescence improves GC-impaired bone angiogenesis with coupled osteogenesis. We identify angiogenin (ANG), a ribonuclease with pro-angiogenic activity, secreted by osteoclasts as a key factor for protecting the neighboring vascular cells against senescence. ANG maintains the proliferative activity of endothelial cells through plexin-B2 (PLXNB2)-mediated transcription of ribosomal RNA (rRNA). GC treatment inhibits ANG production by suppressing osteoclast formation in metaphysis, resulting in impaired endothelial cell rRNA transcription and subsequent cellular senescence. These findings reveal the role of metaphyseal blood vessel senescence in mediating the action of GCs on growing skeleton and establish the ANG/PLXNB2 axis as a molecular basis for the osteoclast-vascular interplay in skeletal angiogenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Bone Development/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cellular Senescence/drug effects
- Cellular Senescence/genetics
- Endothelial Cells/drug effects
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Glucocorticoids/pharmacology
- Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Methylprednisolone/pharmacology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Neovascularization, Pathologic
- Neovascularization, Physiologic/drug effects
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics
- Nerve Tissue Proteins/metabolism
- Osteoclasts/drug effects
- Osteoclasts/enzymology
- Osteoclasts/metabolism
- Osteogenesis/drug effects
- RNA, Ribosomal/biosynthesis
- RNA, Small Interfering
- Recombinant Proteins
- Ribonuclease, Pancreatic/genetics
- Ribonuclease, Pancreatic/metabolism
- Ribonuclease, Pancreatic/pharmacology
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Signal Transduction/genetics
- Tomography Scanners, X-Ray Computed
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu Chai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guanqiao Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weiping Su
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Qiaoyue Guo
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Xiao Lv
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peisong Gao
- Johns Hopkins Asthma & Allergy Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bin Yu
- Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Orthopaedics, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Gerardo Ferbeyre
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Xu Cao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mei Wan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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7
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Yurina NV, Ageeva TA, Goryachkin AM, Varaksin NA, Ryabicheva TG, Ostanin AA, Chernykh ER, Romashchenko AV, Proskurina AS, Bogachev S, Purtov AV. Effects of Recombinant Angiogenin on Collagen Fiber Formation and Angiogenesis in the Dermis of Wistar Rats. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2021; 14:187-196. [PMID: 33679135 PMCID: PMC7926187 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s294825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to assess the capability of recombinant angiogenin isolated from Pichia pastoris yeasts to stimulate regenerative processes in the dermis of experimental animals. Patients and Methods Wistar rats were administered with recombinant angiogenin intracutaneously. Morphological examination of the skin and the assessment of the proliferative activity of the epidermal cells were carried out. Additionally, cytokine production by human whole blood cells exposed to angiogenin was analyzed ex vivo. Results Administration of angiogenin stimulates collagen fiber formation and angiogenesis. This stimulation is tightly associated with an increase in the number of fibroblasts, an increased numerical density of dermal blood vessels and an increased density of collagen fibers; also, it activates the proliferation of basal cells. Angiogenin induces the production of MCP, IL-8, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-10, TGF-β, and VEGF by blood cells. Conclusion The results obtained indicate a broad spectrum of actions of recombinant angiogenin during regenerative processes in the basal layer of the dermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia V Yurina
- Autonomous Non-Profit Organization "Regional Center for High Medical Technologies", Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | - Alexandr A Ostanin
- Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Elena R Chernykh
- Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Alexander V Romashchenko
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Anastasia S Proskurina
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sergey Bogachev
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Kim EJ, Lee JE, Yoon S, Lee DJ, Mai HN, Ida-Yonemochi H, Choi J, Jung HS. Hypoxia-Responsive Oxygen Nanobubbles for Tissues-Targeted Delivery in Developing Tooth Germs. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:626224. [PMID: 33659251 PMCID: PMC7917193 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.626224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a state of inadequate supply of oxygen. Increasing evidence indicates that a hypoxic environment is strongly associated with abnormal organ development. Oxygen nanobubbles (ONBs) are newly developed nanomaterials that can deliver oxygen to developing tissues, including hypoxic cells. However, the mechanisms through which nanobubbles recover hypoxic tissues, such as developing tooth germs remain to be identified. In this study, tooth germs were cultured in various conditions: CO2 chamber, hypoxic chamber, and with 20% ONBs for 3 h. The target stages were at the cap stage (all soft tissue) and bell stage (hard tissue starts to form). Hypoxic tooth germs were recovered with 20% ONBs in the media, similar to the tooth germs incubated in a CO2 chamber (normoxic condition). The tooth germs under hypoxic conditions underwent apoptosis both at the cap and bell stages, and ONBs rescued the damaged tooth germs in both the cap and bell stages. Using kidney transplantation for hard tissue formation in vivo, amelogenesis and dentinogenesis imperfecta in hypoxic conditions at the bell stage were rescued with ONBs. Furthermore, glucose uptake by tooth germs was highly upregulated under hypoxic conditions, and was restored with ONBs to normoxia levels. Our findings indicate that the strategies to make use of ONBs for efficient oxygen targeted delivery can restore cellular processes, such as cell proliferation and apoptosis, glucose uptake, and hypomineralization in hypoxic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jung Kim
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Taste Research Center, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Lee
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Taste Research Center, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Semi Yoon
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong-Joon Lee
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Taste Research Center, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Han Ngoc Mai
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Taste Research Center, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hiroko Ida-Yonemochi
- Division of Anatomy and Cell Biology of the Hard Tissue, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Jonghoon Choi
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Han-Sung Jung
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Taste Research Center, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
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9
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Choi YB, Cousins E, Nicholas J. Novel Functions and Virus-Host Interactions Implicated in Pathogenesis and Replication of Human Herpesvirus 8. Recent Results Cancer Res 2021; 217:245-301. [PMID: 33200369 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-57362-1_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) is classified as a γ2-herpesvirus and is related to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a γ1-herpesvirus. One important aspect of the γ-herpesviruses is their association with neoplasia, either naturally or in animal model systems. HHV-8 is associated with B-cell-derived primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) and multicentric Castleman's disease (MCD), endothelial-derived Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), and KSHV inflammatory cytokine syndrome (KICS). EBV is also associated with a number of B-cell malignancies, such as Burkitt's lymphoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma, and posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease, in addition to epithelial nasopharyngeal and gastric carcinomas. Despite the similarities between these viruses and their associated malignancies, the particular protein functions and activities involved in key aspects of virus biology and neoplastic transformation appear to be quite distinct. Indeed, HHV-8 specifies a number of proteins for which counterparts had not previously been identified in EBV, other herpesviruses, or even viruses in general, and these proteins are believed to play vital functions in virus biology and to be involved centrally in viral pathogenesis. Additionally, a set of microRNAs encoded by HHV-8 appears to modulate the expression of multiple host proteins to provide conditions conductive to virus persistence within the host and possibly contributing to HHV-8-induced neoplasia. Here, we review the molecular biology underlying these novel virus-host interactions and their potential roles in both virus biology and virus-associated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Bong Choi
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1650 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
| | - Emily Cousins
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1650 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - John Nicholas
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1650 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
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10
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Sung SM, Lee SJ, Lee KW, Kim JC. Ultraviolet B-induced Senescence Model Using Corneal Fibroblasts and the Anti-aging Effect of Angiogenin. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN OPHTHALMOLOGICAL SOCIETY 2020. [DOI: 10.3341/jkos.2020.61.9.1015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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11
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Khosla R, Rain M, Chawathey S, Modgil S, Tyagi R, Thakur K, Pannu V, Sharma SK, Anand A. Identifying putative cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in a north Indian population. Muscle Nerve 2020; 62:528-533. [PMID: 32696574 DOI: 10.1002/mus.27026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Evidence-based information about cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of biomarkers in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is limited. METHODS Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2), optineurin (OPTN), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), angiogenin (ANG), and TAR DNA-binding protein (TDP-43) were quantified by enzyme-linked immunoassay in the CSF of 54 patients with sporadic ALS and 32 controls in a case-control study design. RESULTS CSF levels of VEGF (P = .014) and ANG (P = .009) were decreased, whereas VEGFR2 was higher (P = .002) in patients with ALS than in controls. TDP-43 positively correlated with MCP-1 (P = .003), VEGF (P < .001), and VEGFR2 (P < .001) in patients with ALS. DISCUSSION Our findings suggest possible utility of VEGF, VEGFR2, and ANG as biomarkers for use in ALS treatment trials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manjari Rain
- Neuroscience Research Lab, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Shweta Modgil
- Neuroscience Research Lab, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rahul Tyagi
- Neuroscience Research Lab, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Keshav Thakur
- Neuroscience Research Lab, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Viraaj Pannu
- Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Akshay Anand
- Neuroscience Research Lab, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
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12
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Adithan A, John Peter JS, Mohammad AH, Kim B, Kang CW, Kim NS, Hwang KC, Kim JH. A gastric cancer cell derived extracellular compounds suppresses CD161 +CD3 - lymphocytes and aggravates tumor formation in a syngeneic mouse model. Mol Immunol 2020; 120:136-145. [PMID: 32120181 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Evasion of the immune system is often associated with malignant tumors. The cancer cell microenvironment plays an important role in tumor progression, but its mechanism is largely unknown. Here we show that an extracellular compound derived from gastric cancer (GC-EC) selectively suppresses CD161+CD3- natural killer (NK) cells. Splenocytes treated with GC-EC showed considerable proliferation and the CD161+CD3- NK cell population was time-dependently suppressed. Intracellular staining of IFN-γ was shown to be down-regulated in concert with granzyme B and perforin. A cytotoxicity assay of splenocytes treated with GC-EC against K-562 cells showed a significant reduction in cytolytic activity. Further, the immune-suppressive effect of GC-EC was more evident in a syngeneic tumor model in C57BL/6 mice. Animals treated with B16 F10 and GC-EC exhibited more aggravated tumor formation than animals treated with B16 F10 only. We demonstrated that inhibition of apoptosis while increasing PI3 K/AKT levels may provoke tumor formation by GC-EC. A cytokine array revealed the presence of several cytokines in GC-EC that negatively regulate immune cytolytic activity and could be potential candidates for immune-suppressive effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aravinthan Adithan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan-city, Jeollabuk-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Judith Sharmila John Peter
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan-city, Jeollabuk-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Amjad Hossain Mohammad
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan-city, Jeollabuk-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumseok Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan-city, Jeollabuk-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Won Kang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan-city, Jeollabuk-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Soo Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan-city, Jeollabuk-Do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Chul Hwang
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan-city, Jeollabuk-Do, Republic of Korea.
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13
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Farkas C, Fuentes-Villalobos F, Rebolledo-Jaramillo B, Benavides F, Castro AF, Pincheira R. Streamlined computational pipeline for genetic background characterization of genetically engineered mice based on next generation sequencing data. BMC Genomics 2019; 20:131. [PMID: 30755158 PMCID: PMC6373082 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-019-5504-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetically engineered mice (GEM) are essential tools for understanding gene function and disease modeling. Historically, gene targeting was first done in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) derived from the 129 family of inbred strains, leading to a mixed background or congenic mice when crossed with C57BL/6 mice. Depending on the number of backcrosses and breeding strategies, genomic segments from 129-derived ESCs can be introgressed into the C57BL/6 genome, establishing a unique genetic makeup that needs characterization in order to obtain valid conclusions from experiments using GEM lines. Currently, SNP genotyping is used to detect the extent of 129-derived ESC genome introgression into C57BL/6 recipients; however, it fails to detect novel/rare variants. RESULTS Here, we present a computational pipeline implemented in the Galaxy platform and in BASH/R script to determine genetic introgression of GEM using next generation sequencing data (NGS), such as whole genome sequencing (WGS), whole exome sequencing (WES) and RNA-Seq. The pipeline includes strategies to uncover variants linked to a targeted locus, genome-wide variant visualization, and the identification of potential modifier genes. Although these methods apply to congenic mice, they can also be used to describe variants fixed by genetic drift. As a proof of principle, we analyzed publicly available RNA-Seq data from five congenic knockout (KO) lines and our own RNA-Seq data from the Sall2 KO line. Additionally, we performed target validation using several genetics approaches. CONCLUSIONS We revealed the impact of the 129-derived ESC genome introgression on gene expression, predicted potential modifier genes, and identified potential phenotypic interference in KO lines. Our results demonstrate that our new approach is an effective method to determine genetic introgression of GEM.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Farkas
- Laboratorio de Transducción de Señales y Cáncer. Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular. Facultad Cs. Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - F Fuentes-Villalobos
- Laboratorio de Transducción de Señales y Cáncer. Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular. Facultad Cs. Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | | | - F Benavides
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX, USA
| | - A F Castro
- Laboratorio de Transducción de Señales y Cáncer. Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular. Facultad Cs. Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - R Pincheira
- Laboratorio de Transducción de Señales y Cáncer. Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular. Facultad Cs. Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile.
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14
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Wang YN, Lee HH, Hung MC. A novel ligand-receptor relationship between families of ribonucleases and receptor tyrosine kinases. J Biomed Sci 2018; 25:83. [PMID: 30449278 PMCID: PMC6241042 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-018-0484-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ribonuclease is known to participate in host defense system against pathogens, such as parasites, bacteria, and virus, which results in innate immune response. Nevertheless, its potential impact to host cells remains unclear. Of interest, several ribonucleases do not act as catalytically competent enzymes, suggesting that ribonucleases may be associated with certain intrinsic functions other than their ribonucleolytic activities. Most recently, human pancreatic ribonuclease 5 (hRNase5; also named angiogenin; hereinafter referred to as hRNase5/ANG), which belongs to the human ribonuclease A superfamily, has been demonstrated to function as a ligand of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a member of the receptor tyrosine kinase family. As a newly identified EGFR ligand, hRNase5/ANG associates with EGFR and stimulates EGFR and the downstream signaling in a catalytic-independent manner. Notably, hRNase5/ANG, whose level in sera of pancreatic cancer patients, serves as a non-invasive serum biomarker to stratify patients for predicting the sensitivity to EGFR-targeted therapy. Here, we describe the hRNase5/ANG-EGFR pair as an example to highlight a ligand-receptor relationship between families of ribonucleases and receptor tyrosine kinases, which are thought as two unrelated protein families associated with distinct biological functions. The notion of serum biomarker-guided EGFR-targeted therapies will also be discussed. Furthering our understanding of this novel ligand-receptor interaction will shed new light on the search of ligands for their cognate receptors, especially those orphan receptors without known ligands, and deepen our knowledge of the fundamental research in membrane receptor biology and the translational application toward the development of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Nai Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 108, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Heng-Huan Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 108, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 108, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030 USA
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030 USA
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 404 Taiwan
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15
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Zabeck H, Dienemann H, Hoffmann H, Pfannschmidt J, Warth A, Schnabel PA, Muley T, Meister M, Sültmann H, Fröhlich H, Kuner R, Lasitschka F. Molecular signatures in IASLC/ATS/ERS classified growth patterns of lung adenocarcinoma. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206132. [PMID: 30352093 PMCID: PMC6198952 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current classification of human lung adenocarcinoma defines five different histological growth patterns within the group of conventional invasive adenocarcinomas. The five growth patterns are characterised by their typical architecture, but also by variable tumor biological behaviour. AIMS The aim of this study was to identify specific gene signatures of the five adenocarcinoma growth patterns defined by the joint IASLC/ATS/ERS working group. METHODS Total RNA from microdissected adenocarcinoma tissue samples of ten lepidic, ten acinar, ten solid, nine papillary, and nine micropapillary tumor portions was isolated and prepared for gene expression analysis. Differential expression of genes was determined using the R package "LIMMA". The overall significance of each signature was assessed via global test. Gene ontology statistics were analysed using GOstat. For immunohistochemical validation, tissue specimens from 20 tumors with solid and 20 tumors with lepidic growth pattern were used. RESULTS Microarray analyses between the growth patterns resulted in numerous differentially expressed genes between the solid architecture and other patterns. The comparison of transcriptomic activity in the solid and lepidic patterns revealed 705 up- and 110 downregulated non-redundant genes. The pattern-specific protein expression of Inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate-kinase-A (ITPKA) and angiogenin by immunohistochemistry confirmed the RNA levels. The strongest differences in protein expression between the two patterns were shown for ITPKA (p = 0.02) and angiogenin (p = 0.113). CONCLUSIONS In this study growth pattern-specific gene signatures in pulmonary adenocarcinoma were identified and distinct transcriptomic differences between lung adenocarcinoma growth patterns were defined. The study provides valuable new information about pulmonary adenocarcinoma and allows a better assessment of the five adenocarcinoma subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heike Zabeck
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Thoraxklinik, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hendrik Dienemann
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Thoraxklinik, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hans Hoffmann
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Thoraxklinik, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Lung Research Centre Heidelberg (TLRC-H), German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joachim Pfannschmidt
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Thoraxklinik, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Arne Warth
- Translational Lung Research Centre Heidelberg (TLRC-H), German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Muley
- Translational Lung Research Centre Heidelberg (TLRC-H), German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Research Unit (STF), Thoraxklinik, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Meister
- Translational Lung Research Centre Heidelberg (TLRC-H), German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
- Translational Research Unit (STF), Thoraxklinik, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Holger Sültmann
- Translational Lung Research Centre Heidelberg (TLRC-H), German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
- Cancer Genome Research (B063), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Holger Fröhlich
- Institute for Computer Science, c/o Bonn-Aachen International Center for IT, Algorithmic Bioinformatics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ruprecht Kuner
- Translational Lung Research Centre Heidelberg (TLRC-H), German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
- Cancer Genome Research (B063), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felix Lasitschka
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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16
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Innis-Whitehouse W, Wang X, Restrepo N, Salas C, Moreno K, Restrepo A, Keniry M. Kaposi sarcoma incidence in females is nearly four-fold higher in the Lower Rio Grande Valley compared to the Texas average. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2018; 16:45-52. [PMID: 31299002 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The Lower Rio Grande Valley (LRGV) is located on U.S.-Mexican border with a population that is 90% Hispanic [1]. Comprised of Hidalgo, Cameron, Starr and Willacy counties, this region has the highest poverty rate and one of the highest incidences of Type 2 diabetes in the United States [2-4]. Previous studies demonstrated a high prevalence of Human Herpes Virus 8 (HHV8) in the LRGV [5-7]. HHV8 infection has been causally linked to Kaposi Sarcoma (KS) [8]. Here, we retrospectively examine the incidence of KS in the LRGV in a set of HIV-negative Hispanic patients. Strikingly, the incidence of KS was higher in LRGV women compared to the Texas state average (nearly four-fold higher in McAllen-Edinburg-Pharr Metro Statistical Area). This unique profile aligns with the increased HHV8 prevalence in the LRGV, suggesting that HHV8 contributes to a high incidence of HIV-negative KS on the U.S.-Mexican border in Texas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Innis-Whitehouse
- School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1201 W. University Dr., Edinburg, TX 78539, USA.
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- School of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1201 W. University Dr., Edinburg, TX 78539, USA.
| | - Nicolas Restrepo
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1201 W. University Dr., Edinburg, TX 78539, USA.
| | - Carlos Salas
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1201 W. University Dr., Edinburg, TX 78539, USA.
| | - Katia Moreno
- Texas Oncology, 1901 S. 2nd St., McAllen, TX 78503, USA.
| | | | - Megan Keniry
- Department of Biology, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, 1201 W. University Dr., Edinburg, TX 78539, USA.
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17
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Yeo KJ, Jee JG, Hwang E, Kim EH, Jeon YH, Cheong HK. Interaction between human angiogenin and the p53 TAD2 domain and its implication for inhibitor discovery. FEBS Lett 2017; 591:3916-3925. [PMID: 29105754 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Interaction between angiogenin and the p53 TAD2 domain in cancer cells can inhibit the function of the p53 tumor suppressor and promote cell survival. Based on a model structure using NMR and mutational analysis, positively charged 31 RRR33 and 50 KRSIK54 motifs of human angiogenin were identified as p53-binding sites that could interact with negatively charged D48/E51 and E56 residues of the p53 TAD2 domain, respectively. These results suggest that 31 RRR33 and 50 KRSIK54 motifs of human angiogenin might play a critical role in the regulation of p53-mediated apoptosis and angiogenesis in cancer cells. This study identifies potential target sites for screening angiogenin-specific inhibitors that could not only inhibit p53 binding but could also simultaneously inhibit cell binding, internalization, DNA binding, and nuclear translocation of human angiogenin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwon Joo Yeo
- Protein Structure Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Chungbuk, Korea.,College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong, Korea
| | - Jun-Goo Jee
- College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Eunha Hwang
- Protein Structure Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Chungbuk, Korea
| | - Eun-Hee Kim
- Protein Structure Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Chungbuk, Korea
| | - Young Ho Jeon
- College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong, Korea
| | - Hae-Kap Cheong
- Protein Structure Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, Chungbuk, Korea
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18
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Chatzileontiadou DSM, Samiotaki M, Alexopoulou AN, Cotsiki M, Panayotou G, Stamatiadi M, Balatsos NAA, Leonidas DD, Kontou M. Proteomic Analysis of Human Angiogenin Interactions Reveals Cytoplasmic PCNA as a Putative Binding Partner. J Proteome Res 2017; 16:3606-3622. [PMID: 28777577 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Human Angiogenin (hAng) is a member of the ribonuclease A superfamily and a potent inducer of neovascularization. Protein interactions of hAng in the nucleus and cytoplasm of the human umbilical vein cell line EA.hy926 have been investigated by mass spectroscopy. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifiers PXD006583 and PXD006584. The first gel-free analysis of hAng immunoprecipitates revealed many statistically significant potential hAng-interacting proteins involved in crucial biological pathways. Surprisingly, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), was found to be immunoprecipitated with hAng only in the cytoplasm. The hAng-PCNA interaction and colocalization in the specific cellular compartment was validated with immunoprecipitation, immunoblotting, and immunocytochemistry. The results revealed that PCNA is predominantly localized in the cytoplasm, while hAng is distributed both in the nucleus and in the cytoplasm. hAng and PCNA colocalize in the cytoplasm, suggesting that they may interact in this compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martina Samiotaki
- Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming" , Vari 16672, Greece
| | | | - Marina Cotsiki
- Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming" , Vari 16672, Greece
| | - George Panayotou
- Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming" , Vari 16672, Greece
| | - Melina Stamatiadi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly , Biopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Nikolaos A A Balatsos
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly , Biopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Demetres D Leonidas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly , Biopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
| | - Maria Kontou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly , Biopolis, 41500 Larissa, Greece
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19
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Eleftheriadis T, Pissas G, Sounidaki M, Antoniadis N, Antoniadi G, Liakopoulos V, Stefanidis I. Angiogenin is upregulated during the alloreactive immune response and has no effect on the T-cell expansion phase, whereas it affects the contraction phase by inhibiting CD4 + T-cell apoptosis. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:3471-3475. [PMID: 27882181 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Under growth conditions, angiogenin is translocated into the nucleus, where it enhances ribosomal RNA transcription, facilitating increased protein synthesis and cellular proliferation. During stress conditions, angiogenin is sequestered in the cytoplasm, where it cleaves transfer RNA (tRNA) to produce tRNA-derived, stress-induced small RNAs (tiRNAs) that inhibit global protein synthesis, but increase the translation of anti-apoptotic factors. In the present study, the role of angiogenin in the human alloreactive immune response was evaluated using mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLRs) and neamine, an inhibitor of angiogenin nuclear translocation. In MLRs, angiogenin production was significantly (P<0.001) increased compared with resting peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The addition of neamine had no effect on cell proliferation, but did significantly (P<0.001) increase expression of Bcl-2-associated X protein and protein levels of activated caspase-3 in CD4+ T-cells isolated from the MLRs, indicating that angiogenin reduces apoptosis. In conclusion, angiogenin is upregulated during the alloreactive immune response, in which it does not affect the T-cell expansion phase, but inhibits the T-cell contraction phase by protecting against CD4+ T-cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Georgios Pissas
- Department of Nephrology, University of Thessaly Medical School, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Maria Sounidaki
- Department of Nephrology, University of Thessaly Medical School, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Antoniadis
- Organ Transplant Unit, Hippokration General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Medical School, 54642 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgia Antoniadi
- Department of Nephrology, University of Thessaly Medical School, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Vassilios Liakopoulos
- Department of Nephrology, University of Thessaly Medical School, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Ioannis Stefanidis
- Department of Nephrology, University of Thessaly Medical School, 41110 Larissa, Greece
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20
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Chatzileontiadou DSM, Tsirkone VG, Dossi K, Kassouni AG, Liggri PGV, Kantsadi AL, Stravodimos GA, Balatsos NAA, Skamnaki VT, Leonidas DD. The ammonium sulfate inhibition of human angiogenin. FEBS Lett 2016; 590:3005-18. [PMID: 27483019 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigate the inhibition of human angiogenin by ammonium sulfate. The inhibitory potency of ammonium sulfate for human angiogenin (IC50 = 123.5 ± 14.9 mm) is comparable to that previously reported for RNase A (119.0 ± 6.5 mm) and RNase 2 (95.7 ± 9.3 mm). However, analysis of two X-ray crystal structures of human angiogenin in complex with sulfate anions (in acidic and basic pH environments, respectively) indicates an entirely distinct mechanism of inhibition. While ammonium sulfate inhibits the ribonucleolytic activity of RNase A and RNase 2 by binding to the active site of these enzymes, sulfate anions bind only to peripheral substrate anion-binding subsites of human angiogenin, and not to the active site.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vicky G Tsirkone
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry & Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Kyriaki Dossi
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry & Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece
| | - Aikaterini G Kassouni
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Panagiota G V Liggri
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Anastassia L Kantsadi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - George A Stravodimos
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Nikolaos A A Balatsos
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Vassiliki T Skamnaki
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Demetres D Leonidas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
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21
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Sheng J, Xu Z. Three decades of research on angiogenin: a review and perspective. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2016; 48:399-410. [PMID: 26705141 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmv131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
As a member of the vertebrate-specific secreted ribonucleases, angiogenin (ANG) was first isolated and identified solely by its ability to induce new blood vessel formation, and now, it has been recognized to play important roles in various physiological and pathological processes through regulating cell proliferation, survival, migration, invasion, and/or differentiation. ANG exhibits very weak ribonucleolytic activity that is critical for its biological functions, and exerts its functions through activating different signaling transduction pathways in different target cells. A series of recent studies have indicated that ANG contributes to cellular nucleic acid metabolism. Here, we comprehensively review the results of studies regarding the structure, mechanism, and function of ANG over the past three decades. Moreover, current problems and future research directions of ANG are discussed. The understanding of the function and mechanism of ANG in a wide context will help to better delineate its roles in diseases, especially in cancer and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghao Sheng
- Institute of Environmental Health, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou 310058, China Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China Program in Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhengping Xu
- Institute of Environmental Health, Zhejiang University School of Public Health, Hangzhou 310058, China Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, China Program in Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
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22
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Yeo KJ, Jee JG, Park JW, Lee YJ, Ryu KS, Kwon BM, Jeon YH, Cheong HK. The role of the KRSIK motif of human angiogenin in heparin and DNA binding. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra14599j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The 50KRSIK54 motif is the main interaction site of hAng for heparin and DNA binding, providing an insight into the potential role of the motif for the internalization and DNA binding of hAng, which is essential for the regulation of angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwon Joo Yeo
- Protein Structure Group
- Korea Basic Science Institute
- Ochang
- Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy
| | - Jun-Goo Jee
- College of Pharmacy
- Kyungpook National University
- Daegu 41566
- Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Wan Park
- Protein Structure Group
- Korea Basic Science Institute
- Ochang
- Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Lee
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology
- Daejeon
- Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Seok Ryu
- Protein Structure Group
- Korea Basic Science Institute
- Ochang
- Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-Mog Kwon
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology
- Daejeon
- Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ho Jeon
- College of Pharmacy
- Korea University
- Sejong
- Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Kap Cheong
- Protein Structure Group
- Korea Basic Science Institute
- Ochang
- Republic of Korea
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Cremer C, Braun H, Mladenov R, Schenke L, Cong X, Jost E, Brümmendorf TH, Fischer R, Carloni P, Barth S, Nachreiner T. Novel angiogenin mutants with increased cytotoxicity enhance the depletion of pro-inflammatory macrophages and leukemia cells ex vivo. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2015; 64:1575-86. [PMID: 26472728 PMCID: PMC11028715 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-015-1763-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Immunotoxins are fusion proteins that combine a targeting component such as an antibody fragment or ligand with a cytotoxic effector component that induces apoptosis in specific cell populations displaying the corresponding antigen or receptor. Human cytolytic fusion proteins (hCFPs) are less immunogenic than conventional immunotoxins because they contain human pro-apoptotic enzymes as effectors. However, one drawback of hCFPs is that target cells can protect themselves by expressing endogenous inhibitor proteins. Inhibitor-resistant enzyme mutants that maintain their cytotoxic activity are therefore promising effector domain candidates. We recently developed potent variants of the human ribonuclease angiogenin (Ang) that were either more active than the wild-type enzyme or less susceptible to inhibition because of their lower affinity for the ribonuclease inhibitor RNH1. However, combining the mutations was unsuccessful because although the enzyme retained its higher activity, its susceptibility to RNH1 reverted to wild-type levels. We therefore used molecular dynamic simulations to determine, at the atomic level, why the affinity for RNH1 reverted, and we developed strategies based on the introduction of further mutations to once again reduce the affinity of Ang for RNH1 while retaining its enhanced activity. We were able to generate a novel Ang variant with remarkable in vitro cytotoxicity against HL-60 cells and pro-inflammatory macrophages. We also demonstrated the pro-apoptotic potential of Ang-based hCFPs on cells freshly isolated from leukemia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Cremer
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapy, Institute for Applied Medical Engineering, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 20, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Hanna Braun
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapy, Institute for Applied Medical Engineering, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 20, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Radoslav Mladenov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Product Development, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Forckenbeckstr. 6, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lea Schenke
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapy, Institute for Applied Medical Engineering, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 20, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Xiaojing Cong
- Department of Computational Biophysics, German Research School for Simulation Sciences (Joint Venture of RWTH Aachen University and Forschungszentrum Jülich), 52428, Jülich, Germany
- Institute for Advanced Simulations IAS-5, Computational Biomedicine, Forschungszentrum, Jülich, Germany
| | - Edgar Jost
- Department of Hematology and Oncology (Internal Medicine IV), University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tim H Brümmendorf
- Department of Hematology and Oncology (Internal Medicine IV), University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rainer Fischer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Product Development, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Forckenbeckstr. 6, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Institute for Molecular Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Paolo Carloni
- Department of Computational Biophysics, German Research School for Simulation Sciences (Joint Venture of RWTH Aachen University and Forschungszentrum Jülich), 52428, Jülich, Germany
- Institute for Advanced Simulations IAS-5, Computational Biomedicine, Forschungszentrum, Jülich, Germany
| | - Stefan Barth
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapy, Institute for Applied Medical Engineering, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 20, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- South African Research Chair in Cancer Biotechnology, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa
| | - Thomas Nachreiner
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapy, Institute for Applied Medical Engineering, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr. 20, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
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Kim KW, Park SH, Oh DH, Lee SH, Lim KS, Joo K, Chun YS, Chang SI, Min KM, Kim JC. Ribonuclease 5 coordinates signals for the regulation of intraocular pressure and inhibits neural apoptosis as a novel multi-functional anti-glaucomatous strategy. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1862:145-54. [PMID: 26581172 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Glaucoma is a vision-threatening disorder characterized by progressive death of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), although little is known about therapeutic milestones. Due to its complex and multifactorial pathogenesis, multipronged therapeutic approach is needed. Angiogenin (ANG), now called ribonuclease (RNase) 5, has been previously known as angiogenic factor and more recently its biologic activity is extended to promoting cell survival via its ribonucleolytic activity. Here, we revealed the defect of ANG in human glaucomatous trabecular meshwork (TM) cells and identified novel multiple functions of ANG as an anti-glaucomatous strategy. ANG was highly expressed in normal eyes and normal TM cells compared to glaucomatous TM cells. ANG induced intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering in rat models of both normal and elevated IOP, and as a possible mechanism, activated Akt-mediated signals for nitric oxide (NO) production, an important regulator of IOP in glaucomatous TM cell. Moreover, we demonstrated ANG-induced production of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 and -3 and rho-kinase inhibition for TM remodeling. For anti-glaucomatous defense optimization, ANG not only elicited immune-modulative pathways via indolamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) activation in TM cells and suppression of Jurkat T cells, but also rescued neural stem cells (NSCs) from apoptosis induced by glaucomatous stress. These results demonstrate that novel multi-functional effects of ANG may have benefits against glaucoma in ocular tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Woo Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Hyun Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Doo Hwan Oh
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hoon Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Sub Lim
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangsic Joo
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeoun Sook Chun
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Ik Chang
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyong-Mi Min
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Chan Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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A Higher Angiogenin Expression is Associated With a Nonnuclear Maspin Location in Laryngeal Carcinoma. Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol 2015; 8:268-74. [PMID: 26330923 PMCID: PMC4553359 DOI: 10.3342/ceo.2015.8.3.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives In numerous malignancies, angiogenin (ANG) and Maspin are important proangiogenic and antiangiogenic regulators, respectively. The aim of this study was to identify potential relationships between the biological roles of these two proteins in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). Methods Immunohistochemical staining for ANG and Maspin was performed on specimens from 76 consecutive LSCC patients treated with surgery alone, considering the subcellular pattern of Maspin expression. Univariate and multivariate statistical models were used for prognostic purposes. Results On univariate analysis, a different level of ANG expression was seen for patients stratified by subcellular Maspin expression pattern: the mean ANG expression was higher in cases with a nonnuclear MASPIN expression than in those with a nuclear pattern (P=0.002). Disease-free survival (DFS; in months) differed significantly when patients were stratified by N stage (P=0.01). Patients whose Maspin expression was nonnuclear (i.e., it was cytoplasmic or there was none) had a significantly higher recurrence rate (P<0.001), and shorter DFS (P=0.01) than those with a nuclear Maspin pattern. The mean ANG expression was significantly higher in cases with loco-regional recurrent disease (P=0.007); and patients with an ANG expression ≥5.0% had a significantly shorter DFS than those with an ANG expression <5.0% (P=0.007). On multivariate analysis, ANG expression ≥5.0% was a significant, independent, negative prognostic factor in terms of DFS (P=0.041). Conclusion Our results support the hypothesis that a higher ANG expression is associated with a nonnuclear Maspin expression pattern in patients with LSCC. Further studies are needed to clarify the relationship between the ANG and Maspin pathways, and their potential diagnostic and therapeutic role in LSCC.
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Ribonuclease like 5 regulates zebrafish yolk extension by suppressing a p53-dependent DNA damage response pathway. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2015; 65:12-9. [PMID: 25980932 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ribonuclease like 5 (Rnasel5) is a novel member of the zebrafish ribonuclease A family and its expression is increased during early embryogenesis. However, the in vivo biological function of Rnasel5 remains to be elucidated. Here, we report that knockdown of Rnasel5 by morhpolinos caused shrunken yolk extension as well as increased DNA damage at yolk syncytial layer and external tissue layers via the activation of p53 pathway. In addition, the morphological defects caused by Rnasel5 knockdown can be partially rescued by mRNA injection. Our findings provide the first functional characterization of Rnasel5 in zebrafish development and reveal its critical role in yolk extension by modulation of the p53 pathway.
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Ascione R, Rowlinson J, Avolio E, Katare R, Meloni M, Spencer HL, Mangialardi G, Norris C, Kränkel N, Spinetti G, Emanueli C, Madeddu P. Migration towards SDF-1 selects angiogenin-expressing bone marrow monocytes endowed with cardiac reparative activity in patients with previous myocardial infarction. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:53. [PMID: 25889213 PMCID: PMC4440500 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0028-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chemokine-directed migration is crucial for homing of regenerative cells to the infarcted heart and correlates with outcomes of cell therapy trials. Hence, transplantation of chemokine-responsive bone marrow cells may be ideal for treatment of myocardial ischemia. To verify the therapeutic activity of bone marrow mononuclear cells (BM-MNCs) selected by in vitro migration towards the chemokine stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) in a mouse model of myocardial infarction (MI), we used BM-MNCs from patients with previous large MI recruited in the TransACT-1&2 cell therapy trials. Methods Unfractioned BM-MNCs, SDF-1-responsive, and SDF-1-nonresponsive BM-MNCs isolated by patients recruited in the TransACT-1&2 cell therapy trials were tested in Matrigel assay to evaluate angiogenic potential. Secretome and antigenic profile were characterized by flow cytometry. Angiogenin expression was measured by RT-PCR. Cells groups were also intramyocardially injected in an in vivo model of MI (8-week-old immune deficient CD1-FOXN1nu/nu mice). Echocardiography and hemodynamic measurements were performed before and at 14 days post-MI. Arterioles and capillaries density, infiltration of inflammatory cells, interstitial fibrosis, and cardiomyocyte proliferation and apoptosis were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Results In vitro migration enriched for monocytes, while CD34+ and CD133+ cells and T lymphocytes remained mainly confined in the non-migrated fraction. Unfractioned total BM-MNCs promoted angiogenesis on Matrigel more efficiently than migrated or non-migrated cells. In mice with induced MI, intramyocardial injection of unfractionated or migrated BM-MNCs was more effective in preserving cardiac contractility and pressure indexes than vehicle or non-migrated BM-MNCs. Moreover, unfractioned BM-MNCs enhanced neovascularization, whereas the migrated fraction was unique in reducing the infarct size and interstitial fibrosis. In vitro studies on isolated cardiomyocytes suggest participation of angiogenin, a secreted ribonuclease that inhibits protein translation under stress conditions, in promotion of cardiomyocyte survival by migrated BM-MNCs. Conclusions Transplantation of bone marrow cells helps post-MI healing through distinct actions on vascular cells and cardiomyocytes. In addition, the SDF-1-responsive fraction is enriched with angiogenin-expressing monocytes, which may improve cardiac recovery through activation of cardiomyocyte response to stress. Identification of factors linking migratory and therapeutic outcomes could help refine regenerative approaches. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-015-0028-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raimondo Ascione
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Upper Maudlin Road, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK.
| | - Jonathan Rowlinson
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Upper Maudlin Road, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK.
| | - Elisa Avolio
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Upper Maudlin Road, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK.
| | - Rajesh Katare
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Upper Maudlin Road, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK.
| | - Marco Meloni
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Upper Maudlin Road, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK.
| | - Helen L Spencer
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Upper Maudlin Road, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK.
| | - Giuseppe Mangialardi
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Upper Maudlin Road, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK.
| | - Caroline Norris
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Upper Maudlin Road, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK.
| | | | | | - Costanza Emanueli
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Upper Maudlin Road, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK.
| | - Paolo Madeddu
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Upper Maudlin Road, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK.
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Zhang H, Yu H, Wang J, Zhang M, Wang X, Ahmad W, Duan M, Guan Z. The BM2 protein of influenza B virus interacts with p53 and inhibits its transcriptional and apoptotic activities. Mol Cell Biochem 2015; 403:187-97. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-015-2349-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Jia Q, Ha X, Yang Z, Hui L, Yang X. Hepatocyte growth factor protects human mesangial cells against apoptosis induced by lead damage. Biol Trace Elem Res 2014; 162:80-6. [PMID: 25154432 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-014-0103-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Lead is a kind of nephrotoxic metal which frequently threats human health. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a multifunctional growth factor that protects cell apoptosis. In this study, human mesangial cells (HMCs) were treated with a single HGF dose of 20 and 40 μl/ml in order to investigate the effect of HGF on proliferation and apoptosis ability of HMCs induced by lead acetate. In HGF-treated group, HMCs were incubated with HGF (20, 40 μl/ml) half an hour prior to lead inducing. After lead-induced damage 48 h, the proliferation of HMCs was measured by MTT assay, and the apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometry. RT-PCR was used to detect the expression of P53, Bcl-2, Bax, and caspase-3 mRNA. The expression of Bax protein was measured by Western blot analysis. The results showed that HGF inhibits proliferation of HMCs induced lead acetate in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05). HGF significantly promoted the proliferation of HMCs, and flow cytometry revealed that HGF can inhibit apoptosis of HMCs. RT-PCR and Western blot showed that P53, Bax, and caspase-3 expression decreased, while Bcl-2 expression increased. HGF may afford a protection to HMCs against lead-induced damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Jia
- Experimental Center of Medicine, Lanzhou General Hospital of Lanzhou Military, People's Liberation Army, Key Laboratory of Stem Cells and Gene Drug of Gansu Province, 333 Southern Binhe Road, Lanzhou, 730050, China,
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G-quadruplex structures contribute to the neuroprotective effects of angiogenin-induced tRNA fragments. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:18201-6. [PMID: 25404306 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1407361111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenin (ANG) is a stress-activated ribonuclease that promotes the survival of motor neurons. Ribonuclease inactivating point mutations are found in a subset of patients with ALS, a fatal neurodegenerative disease with no cure. We recently showed that ANG cleaves tRNA within anticodon loops to produce 5'- and 3'-fragments known as tRNA-derived, stress-induced RNAs (tiRNAs). Selected 5'-tiRNAs (e.g., tiRNA(Ala), tiRNA(Cys)) cooperate with the translational repressor Y-box binding protein 1 (YB-1) to displace the cap-binding complex eIF4F from capped mRNA, inhibit translation initiation, and induce the assembly of stress granules (SGs). Here, we show that translationally active tiRNAs assemble unique G-quadruplex (G4) structures that are required for translation inhibition. We show that tiRNA(Ala) binds the cold shock domain of YB-1 to activate these translational reprogramming events. We discovered that 5'-tiDNA(Ala) (the DNA equivalent of 5'-tiRNA(Ala)) is a stable tiRNA analog that displaces eIF4F from capped mRNA, inhibits translation initiation, and induces the assembly of SGs. The 5'-tiDNA(Ala) also assembles a G4 structure that allows it to enter motor neurons spontaneously and trigger a neuroprotective response in a YB-1-dependent manner. Remarkably, the ability of 5'-tiRNA(Ala) to induce SG assembly is inhibited by G4 structures formed by pathological GGGGCC repeats found in C9ORF72, the most common genetic cause of ALS, suggesting that functional interactions between G4 RNAs may contribute to neurodegenerative disease.
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Kishimoto K, Yoshida S, Ibaragi S, Yoshioka N, Hu GF, Sasaki A. Neamine inhibits oral cancer progression by suppressing angiogenin-mediated angiogenesis and cancer cell proliferation. Anticancer Res 2014; 34:2113-2121. [PMID: 24778013 PMCID: PMC4757496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiogenin undergoes nuclear translocation and stimulates ribosomal RNA transcription in both endothelial and cancer cells. Consequently, angiogenin has a dual effect on cancer progression by inducing both angiogenesis and cancer cell proliferation. The aim of this study was to assess whether neamine, a blocker of nuclear translocation of angiogenin, possesses antitumor activity toward oral cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS The antitumor effect of neamine on oral cancer cells was examined both in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Neamine inhibited the proliferation of HSC-2, but not that of SAS oral cancer cells in vitro. Treatment with neamine effectively inhibited growth of HSC-2 and SAS cell xenografts in athymic mice. Neamine treatment resulted in a significant decrease in tumor angiogenesis, accompanied by a decrease in angiogenin- and proliferating cell nuclear antigen-positive cancer cells, especially of HSC-2 tumors. CONCLUSION Neamine effectively inhibits oral cancer progression through inhibition of tumor angiogenesis. Neamine also directly inhibits proliferation of certain types of oral cancer cells. Therefore, neamine has potential as a lead compound for oral cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Kishimoto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho Kita-ku, Okayama 700-8525, Japan.
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Angiogenin-cleaved tRNA halves interact with cytochrome c, protecting cells from apoptosis during osmotic stress. Mol Cell Biol 2014; 34:2450-63. [PMID: 24752898 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00136-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptation to changes in extracellular tonicity is essential for cell survival. However, severe or chronic hyperosmotic stress induces apoptosis, which involves cytochrome c (Cyt c) release from mitochondria and subsequent apoptosome formation. Here, we show that angiogenin-induced accumulation of tRNA halves (or tiRNAs) is accompanied by increased survival in hyperosmotically stressed mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Treatment of cells with angiogenin inhibits stress-induced formation of the apoptosome and increases the interaction of small RNAs with released Cyt c in a ribonucleoprotein (Cyt c-RNP) complex. Next-generation sequencing of RNA isolated from the Cyt c-RNP complex reveals that 20 tiRNAs are highly enriched in the Cyt c-RNP complex. Preferred components of this complex are 5' and 3' tiRNAs of specific isodecoders within a family of isoacceptors. We also demonstrate that Cyt c binds tiRNAs in vitro, and the pool of Cyt c-interacting RNAs binds tighter than individual tiRNAs. Finally, we show that angiogenin treatment of primary cortical neurons exposed to hyperosmotic stress also decreases apoptosis. Our findings reveal a connection between angiogenin-generated tiRNAs and cell survival in response to hyperosmotic stress and suggest a novel cellular complex involving Cyt c and tiRNAs that inhibits apoptosome formation and activity.
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Dutta S, Bandyopadhyay C, Bottero V, Veettil MV, Wilson L, Pins MR, Johnson KE, Warshall C, Chandran B. Angiogenin interacts with the plasminogen activation system at the cell surface of breast cancer cells to regulate plasmin formation and cell migration. Mol Oncol 2014; 8:483-507. [PMID: 24457100 DOI: 10.1016/j.molonc.2013.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenin (ANG), a 14-kDa pro-angiogenic secreted protein, has been shown to play a role in cell migration and tumor invasion, which involve proteolytic cleavage of plasminogen to generate plasmin. However, the mechanism by which ANG regulates plasmin formation and cell migration was not known. Our studies here detected elevated levels of secreted and cell surface-bound ANG in highly invasive metastatic breast cancer cells. ANG was also detected at very high levels in the tumor cells in infiltrating ductal carcinomas. By immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation analysis, ANG was detected at the leading edges of the cell surfaces where it colocalized and interacted with members of the plasminogen activation system (PAS) such as annexin A2 (A2), calpactin (S100-A10) and urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR). Analysis of lipid raft (LR) and non-lipid raft (NLR) regions of the cell membranes showed the predominance of ANG, A2 and S100-A10 in the LR regions. In contrast, uPAR was detected predominantly in the NLR fractions, suggesting that ANG interacts with uPAR at the junctions of LR and NLR regions. ANG knockdown in T47D and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines did not affect the cellular expression of A2, S100-A10 and uPAR but decreased cell migration and plasmin formation. Neutralization of ANG with monoclonal antibodies similarly decreased the migration of MDA-MB-231 cells. In the presence of ANG, uPAR was observed to interact with uPA, which is necessary for plasmin formation. Conversely, in the absence of ANG, uPAR did not interact with uPA and FAK and Src kinases were observed to be dephosphorylated. Exogenous addition of recombinant ANG to ANG knocked down MDA-MB-231 cells restored FAK phosphorylation, uPAR interactions with uPA, plasmin formation as well as migration of these cells. Taken together, our results identified a novel role for ANG as a member of the uPAR interactome that facilitates the interaction of uPAR with uPA, leading to plasmin formation and cell migration necessary for tumor invasion and metastasis of breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujoy Dutta
- H. M. Bligh Cancer Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, 3333 Green Bay Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA.
| | - Chirosree Bandyopadhyay
- H. M. Bligh Cancer Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, 3333 Green Bay Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Virginie Bottero
- H. M. Bligh Cancer Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, 3333 Green Bay Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Mohanan V Veettil
- H. M. Bligh Cancer Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, 3333 Green Bay Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Lydia Wilson
- H. M. Bligh Cancer Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, 3333 Green Bay Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Michael R Pins
- Department of Pathology, Advocate Lutheran General Hospital, Park Ridge, IL, USA
| | - Karen E Johnson
- H. M. Bligh Cancer Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, 3333 Green Bay Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Case Warshall
- H. M. Bligh Cancer Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, 3333 Green Bay Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Bala Chandran
- H. M. Bligh Cancer Research Laboratories, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, 3333 Green Bay Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA
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Radons J. Inflammatory stress and sarcomagenesis: a vicious interplay. Cell Stress Chaperones 2014; 19:1-13. [PMID: 24046208 PMCID: PMC3857425 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-013-0449-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation represents one of the hallmarks of cancer, but its role in sarcomagenesis has long been overlooked. Sarcomas are a rare and heterogeneous group of tumors of mesenchymal origin accounting for less than 1 % of cancers in adults but 21 % of cancers in the pediatric population. Sarcomas are associated with bad prognosis, and their management requires a multidisciplinary team approach. Several lines of evidence indicate that inflammation has been implicated in sarcomagenesis leading to the activation of the key transcription factors HIF-1, NF- κB, and STAT-3 involved in a complex inflammatory network. In the past years, an increasing number of new targets have been identified in the treatment of sarcomas leading to the development of new drugs that aim to interrupt the vicious connection between inflammation and sarcomagenesis. This article makes a brief overview of preclinical and clinical evidence of the molecular pathways involved in the inflammatory stress response in sarcomagenesis and the most targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Radons
- multimmune GmbH c/o Department of Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675, Munich, Germany,
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Cousins E, Nicholas J. Molecular biology of human herpesvirus 8: novel functions and virus-host interactions implicated in viral pathogenesis and replication. Recent Results Cancer Res 2014; 193:227-68. [PMID: 24008302 PMCID: PMC4124616 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-38965-8_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), also known as Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), is the second identified human gammaherpesvirus. Like its relative Epstein-Barr virus, HHV-8 is linked to B-cell tumors, specifically primary effusion lymphoma and multicentric Castleman's disease, in addition to endothelial-derived KS. HHV-8 is unusual in its possession of a plethora of "accessory" genes and encoded proteins in addition to the core, conserved herpesvirus and gammaherpesvirus genes that are necessary for basic biological functions of these viruses. The HHV-8 accessory proteins specify not only activities deducible from their cellular protein homologies but also novel, unsuspected activities that have revealed new mechanisms of virus-host interaction that serve virus replication or latency and may contribute to the development and progression of virus-associated neoplasia. These proteins include viral interleukin-6 (vIL-6), viral chemokines (vCCLs), viral G protein-coupled receptor (vGPCR), viral interferon regulatory factors (vIRFs), and viral antiapoptotic proteins homologous to FLICE (FADD-like IL-1β converting enzyme)-inhibitory protein (FLIP) and survivin. Other HHV-8 proteins, such as signaling membrane receptors encoded by open reading frames K1 and K15, also interact with host mechanisms in unique ways and have been implicated in viral pathogenesis. Additionally, a set of micro-RNAs encoded by HHV-8 appear to modulate expression of multiple host proteins to provide conditions conducive to virus persistence within the host and could also contribute to HHV-8-induced neoplasia. Here, we review the molecular biology underlying these novel virus-host interactions and their potential roles in both virus biology and virus-associated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Cousins
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, 1650 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA,
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Radons J. The role of inflammation in sarcoma. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 816:259-313. [PMID: 24818727 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-0348-0837-8_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sarcomas encompass a heterogenous group of tumors with diverse pathologically and clinically overlapping features. It is a rarely curable disease, and their management requires a multidisciplinary team approach. Chronic inflammation has emerged as one of the hallmarks of tumors including sarcomas. Classical inflammation-associated sarcomas comprise the inflammatory malignant fibrous histiocytoma and Kaposi sarcoma. The identification of specific chromosomal translocations and important intracellular signaling pathways such as Ras/Raf/MAPK, insulin-like growth factor, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, sonic hedgehog and Notch together with the increasing knowledge of angiogenesis has led to development of targeted therapies that aim to interrupt these pathways. Innovative agents like oncolytic viruses opened the way to design new therapeutic options with encouraging findings. Preclinical evidence also highlights the therapeutic potential of anti-inflammatory nutraceuticals as they can inhibit multiple pathways while being less toxic. This chapter gives an overview of actual therapeutic standards, newest evidence-based studies and exciting options for targeted therapies in sarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Radons
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Ismaninger Straße 22, 81675, Munich, Germany,
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Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-positive primary effusion lymphoma tumor formation in NOD/SCID mice is inhibited by neomycin and neamine blocking angiogenin's nuclear translocation. J Virol 2013; 87:11806-20. [PMID: 23986578 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01920-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenin (ANG) is a 14-kDa multifunctional proangiogenic secreted protein whose expression level correlates with the aggressiveness of several tumors. We observed increased ANG expression and secretion in endothelial cells during de novo infection with Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), in cells expressing only latency-associated nuclear antigen 1 (LANA-1) protein, and in KSHV latently infected primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) BCBL-1 and BC-3 cells. Inhibition of phospholipase Cγ (PLCγ) mediated ANG's nuclear translocation by neomycin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic (not G418-neomicin), resulted in reduced KSHV latent gene expression, increased lytic gene expression, and increased cell death of KSHV(+) PEL and endothelial cells. ANG detection in significant levels in KS and PEL lesions highlights its importance in KSHV pathogenesis. To assess the in vivo antitumor activity of neomycin and neamine (a nontoxic derivative of neomycin), BCBL-1 cells were injected intraperitoneally into NOD/SCID mice. We observed significant extended survival of mice treated with neomycin or neamine. Markers of lymphoma establishment, such as increases in animal body weight, spleen size, tumor cell spleen infiltration, and ascites volume, were observed in nontreated animals and were significantly diminished by neomycin or neamine treatments. A significant decrease in LANA-1 expression, an increase in lytic gene expression, and an increase in cleaved caspase-3 were also observed in neomycin- or neamine-treated animal ascitic cells. These studies demonstrated that ANG played an essential role in KSHV latency maintenance and BCBL-1 cell survival in vivo, and targeting ANG function by neomycin/neamine to induce the apoptosis of cells latently infected with KSHV is an attractive therapeutic strategy against KSHV-associated malignancies.
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Bhandary YP, Shetty SK, Marudamuthu AS, Ji HL, Neuenschwander PF, Boggaram V, Morris GF, Fu J, Idell S, Shetty S. Regulation of lung injury and fibrosis by p53-mediated changes in urokinase and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2013; 183:131-43. [PMID: 23665346 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Revised: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Alveolar type II epithelial cell (ATII) apoptosis and proliferation of mesenchymal cells are the hallmarks of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, a devastating disease of unknown cause characterized by alveolar epithelial injury and progressive fibrosis. We used a mouse model of bleomycin (BLM)-induced lung injury to understand the involvement of p53-mediated changes in urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) levels in the regulation of alveolar epithelial injury. We found marked induction of p53 in ATII cells from mice exposed to BLM. Transgenic mice expressing transcriptionally inactive dominant negative p53 in ATII cells showed augmented apoptosis, whereas those deficient in p53 resisted BLM-induced ATII cell apoptosis. Inhibition of p53 transcription failed to suppress PAI-1 or induce uPA mRNA in BLM-treated ATII cells. ATII cells from mice with BLM injury showed augmented binding of p53 to uPA, uPA receptor (uPAR), and PAI-1 mRNA. p53-binding sequences from uPA, uPAR, and PAI-1 mRNA 3' untranslated regions neither interfered with p53 DNA binding activity nor p53-mediated promoter transactivation. However, increased expression of p53-binding sequences from uPA, uPAR, and PAI-1 mRNA 3' untranslated regions in ATII cells suppressed PAI-1 and induced uPA after BLM treatment, leading to inhibition of ATII cell apoptosis and pulmonary fibrosis. Our findings indicate that disruption of p53-fibrinolytic system cross talk may serve as a novel intervention strategy to prevent lung injury and pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashodhar P Bhandary
- Texas Lung Injury Institute, Center for Biomedical Research, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas 75708, USA
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Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus latency-associated nuclear antigen interacts with multifunctional angiogenin to utilize its antiapoptotic functions. J Virol 2012; 86:5974-91. [PMID: 22438557 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00070-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is etiologically associated with the angioproliferative Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). KSHV infection and the expression of latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA-1) upregulates the angiogenic multifunctional 123-amino-acid, 14-kDa protein angiogenin (ANG), which is detected in KS lesions and in KSHV-associated primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) cells. ANG knockdown or the inhibition of ANG's nuclear translocation resulted in decreased LANA-1 gene expression and reduced KSHV-infected endothelial and PEL cell survival (Sadagopan et al., J. Virol. 83:3342-3364, 2009). Further studies here demonstrate that LANA-1 and ANG colocalize and coimmunoprecipitate in de novo infected endothelial cells and in latently infected PEL (BCBL-1 and BC-3) cells. LANA-1 and ANG interaction occurred in the absence of the KSHV genome and other viral proteins. In gel filtration chromatography analyses of BC-3 cell lysates, ANG coeluted with LANA-1, p53, and Mdm2 in high-molecular-weight fractions, and LANA-1, p53, and Mdm2 also coimmunoprecipitated with ANG. LANA-1, ANG, and p53 colocalized in KSHV-infected cells, and colocalization between ANG and p53 was also observed in LANA-1-negative cells. The deletion constructs of ANG suggested that the C-terminal region of amino acids 104 to 123 is involved in LANA-1 and p53 interactions. Silencing ANG or inhibiting its nuclear translocation resulted in decreased nuclear LANA-1 and ANG levels, decreased interactions between ANG-LANA-1, ANG-p53, and LANA-1-p53, the induction of p53, p21, and Bax proteins, the increased cytoplasmic localization of p53, the downregulation of Bcl-2, the increased cleavage of caspase-3, and the apoptosis of cells. No such effects were observed in KSHV-negative BJAB cells. The phosphorylation of p53 at serine 15, which is essential for p53 stabilization and for p53's apoptotic and cell cycle regulation functions, was increased in BCBL-1 cells transduced with short hairpin RNA targeting ANG. Together, these studies suggest that the antiapoptosis observed in KSHV-infected cells and the suppression of p53 functions are mediated in part by ANG, and KSHV has probably evolved to utilize angiogenin's multiple functions for the maintenance of its latency and cell survival. Thus, targeting ANG to induce the apoptosis of cells latently infected with KSHV is an attractive therapeutic strategy against KSHV infection and associated malignancies.
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