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Jevtovic F, Zheng D, Lopez CA, Kern K, Tanner CJ, Jones TE, Pories WJ, Dohm GL, Houmard JA, May LE, Broskey NT. Greater reliance on glycolysis is associated with lower mitochondrial substrate oxidation and insulin sensitivity in infant myogenic MSCs. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2023; 325:E207-E213. [PMID: 37467021 PMCID: PMC10511160 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00159.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with insulin resistance and obesity display higher skeletal muscle production of nonoxidized glycolytic products (i.e., lactate), and lower complete mitochondrial substrate oxidation to CO2. These findings have also been observed in individuals without obesity and are associated with an increased risk for metabolic disease. The purpose of this study was to determine if substrate preference is evident at the earliest stage of life (birth) and to provide a clinical blood marker (lactate) that could be indicative of a predisposition for metabolic disease later. We used radiolabeled tracers to assess substrate oxidation and insulin sensitivity of myogenically differentiated mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), a proxy of infant skeletal muscle tissue, derived from umbilical cords of full-term infants. We found that greater production of nonoxidized glycolytic products (lactate, pyruvate, alanine) is directly proportional to lower substrate oxidation and insulin sensitivity in MSCs. In addition, we found an inverse relationship between the ratio of complete glucose oxidation to CO2 and infant blood lactate at 1 mo of age. Collectively, considering that higher lactate was associated with lower MSC glucose oxidation and has been shown to be implicated with metabolic disease, it may be an early indicator of infant skeletal muscle phenotype.NEW & NOTEWORTHY In infant myogenically differentiated mesenchymal stem cells, greater production of nonoxidized glycolytic products was directly proportional to lower substrate oxidation and insulin resistance. Glucose oxidation was inversely correlated with infant blood lactate. This suggests that innate differences in infant substrate oxidation exist at birth and could be associated with the development of metabolic disease later in life. Clinical assessment of infant blood lactate could be used as an early indicator of skeletal muscle phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Jevtovic
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
- Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
| | - Donghai Zheng
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
- Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
| | - Christian A Lopez
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
- Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
| | - Kara Kern
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
- Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
| | - Charles J Tanner
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
- Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
| | - Terry E Jones
- Department of Physical Therapy, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
| | - Walter J Pories
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
- Department of Surgery, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
| | - G Lynis Dohm
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
- Department of Physiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
| | - Joseph A Houmard
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
- Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
| | - Linda E May
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
- Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
| | - Nicholas T Broskey
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
- Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, United States
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Xu L, Jia J, Miao S, Gong L, Wang J, He S, Zhang Y. Aerobic exercise reduced the amount of CHRONO bound to BMAL1 and ameliorated glucose metabolic dysfunction in skeletal muscle of high-fat diet-fed mice. Life Sci 2023; 324:121696. [PMID: 37061124 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of aerobic exercise on the CHRONO-BMAL1 pathway and glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle of high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. MAIN METHODS Male C57BL/6J mice were randomly allocated into four groups: normal chow diet with control (NCD + CON), NCD with exercise (NCD + EXE), HFD with control (HFD + CON) and HFD with exercise (HFD + EXE). The NCD and HFD groups were respectively fed a diet of 10 % and 60 % kilocalories from fat for 12 weeks. During the dietary intervention, EXE groups were subjected to 70 % VO2max intensity of treadmill exercise six times per week for 12 weeks. Body weight, energy intake, fat weight, serum lipid profiles, systemic glucose homeostasis, the amount of CHRONO bound to BMAL1, the enzymatic activity, mRNA and protein expression involved in glucose metabolism of skeletal muscle were measured. KEY FINDINGS The results showed that the 12-week HFD feeding without exercise induced weight gain, serum dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. Furthermore, HFD increased the amount of CHRONO bound to BMAL1 and repressed the glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle. However, aerobic exercise prevented weight gain, serum dyslipidemia and systemic insulin resistance in the HFD-fed mice. Meanwhile, aerobic exercise also decreased the amount of CHRONO bound to BMAL1 and increased the glucose uptake, glucose oxidation and glycogenesis in skeletal muscle of the HFD-fed mice. SIGNIFICANCE These data suggested that aerobic exercise could counterbalance CHRONO interacted with BMAL1 and prevent glucose metabolism dysfunction of skeletal muscle, and finally maintain whole-body insulin sensitivity in the HFD-fed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise, Ministry of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China; School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jie Jia
- School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shudan Miao
- School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lijing Gong
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise, Ministry of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jin Wang
- College of Sports Science, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300382, China
| | - Shiyi He
- Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness and Exercise Rehabilitation of Hunan Province, College of Physical Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410012, China.
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Sport Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100084, China.
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Wang H, Xiong Q, He G, Tang J, Sun L, Cheng S, Ke M, Chen S, Hu Y, Feng J, Song L, Tong B, Zhang Z, Dai Z, Xu Y. Hepatic IDH2 regulates glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. Metabolism 2023; 143:155559. [PMID: 37044373 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The liver plays a central role in controlling glucose and lipid metabolism. IDH2, a mitochondrial protein, controls TCA cycle flux. However, its role in regulating metabolism in obesity is still unclear. This study intends to investigate the impact of hepatic IDH2 expression on overnutrition-regulated glucose and lipid metabolism. METHODS Hepatic IDH2 was knocked-out in mice by the approach of CRISPR-Cas9. Mice were subjected to starvation and refeeding for hepatic glucose and lipid studies in vivo. Primary hepatocytes and mouse normal liver cell line, AML12 cells were used for experiments in vitro. RESULTS This study found that IDH2 protein levels were elevated in the livers of obese people and mice with high-fat diet consumption or hepatic steatosis. Liver IDH2-deletion mice (IDH2LKO) were resistant to high-fat diet-induced body weight gain, with lower serum glucose and TG levels, increased insulin sensitivity, and higher FGF21 secretion, despite the higher TG content in the liver. Consistently, overexpression of IDH2 in hepatocytes promoted gluconeogenesis and enhanced glycogenesis. By performing mass spectrometry and proteomics analyses, we further demonstrated that IDH2-deficiency in hepatocytes accelerated ATP production by increasing forward TCA cycle flux, thus promoting glycolysis pathway and decreasing glycogen synthesis at refeeding state, and inhibiting hepatic gluconeogenesis, increasing β-oxidation during starvation. Moreover, experiments in vivo demonstrated that IDH2-knockout might not exacerbate hepatic inflammatory responses in the NASH model. CONCLUSIONS Elevated hepatic IDH2 under over-nutrition state contributes to elevated gluconeogenesis and glycogen synthesis. Inhibition of IDH2 in the liver could be a potential therapeutic target for obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huawei Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Qing Xiong
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Haikou 570208, China
| | - Guangzhen He
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Taihe Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan 442000, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Li Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Siyuan Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Mengting Ke
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Department of Biochemistry, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Shangyu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yong Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jieyuan Feng
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Linyang Song
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Beier Tong
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zhengwei Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zhe Dai
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Yancheng Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China.
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Maschari D, Saxena G, Law TD, Walsh E, Campbell MC, Consitt LA. Lactate-induced lactylation in skeletal muscle is associated with insulin resistance in humans. Front Physiol 2022; 13:951390. [PMID: 36111162 PMCID: PMC9468271 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.951390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated circulating lactate has been associated with obesity and insulin resistance. The aim of the current study was to determine if lactate-induced lysine lactylation (kla), a post-translational modification, was present in human skeletal muscle and related to insulin resistance. Fifteen lean (Body Mass Index: 22.1 ± 0.5 kg/m2) and fourteen obese (40.6 ± 1.4 kg/m2) adults underwent a muscle biopsy and 2-h oral glucose tolerance test. Skeletal muscle lactylation was increased in obese compared to lean females (19%, p < 0.05) and associated with insulin resistance (r = 0.37, p < 0.05) in the whole group. Skeletal muscle lactylation levels were significantly associated with markers of anaerobic metabolism (plasma lactate and skeletal muscle lactate dehydrogenase [LDH], p < 0.05) and negatively associated with markers of oxidative metabolism (skeletal muscle cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4 and Complex I [pyruvate] OXPHOS capacity, p < 0.05). Treatment of primary human skeletal muscle cells (HSkMC) with sodium lactate for 24 h increased protein lactylation and IRS-1 serine 636 phosphorylation in a similar dose-dependent manner (p < 0.05). Inhibition of glycolysis (with 2-deoxy-d-glucose) or LDH-A (with sodium oxamate or LDH-A siRNA) for 24 h reduced HSkMC lactylation which paralleled reductions in culture media lactate accumulation. This study identified the existence of a lactate-derived post-translational modification in human skeletal muscle and suggests skeletal muscle lactylation could provide additional insight into the regulation of skeletal muscle metabolism, including insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Maschari
- College of Health Sciences and Professions, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Gunjan Saxena
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Timothy D. Law
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Erin Walsh
- Biological Sciences Department, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Mason C. Campbell
- Biological Sciences Department, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Leslie A Consitt
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Diabetes Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
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Remchak MME, Heiston EM, Ballantyne A, Dotson BL, Stewart NR, Spaeth AM, Malin SK. Insulin Sensitivity and Metabolic Flexibility Parallel Plasma TCA Levels in Early Chronotype With Metabolic Syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:e3487-e3496. [PMID: 35429387 PMCID: PMC9282268 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT People characterized as late chronotype have elevated type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease risk compared to early chronotype. It is unclear how chronotype is associated with insulin sensitivity, metabolic flexibility, or plasma TCA cycle intermediates concentration, amino acids (AA), and/or beta-oxidation. OBJECTIVE This study examined these metabolic associations with chronotype. METHODS The Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) was used to classify adults with metabolic syndrome (ATP III criteria) as either early (n = 15 [13F], MEQ = 64.7 ± 1.4) or late (n = 19 [16F], MEQ = 45.5 ± 1.3) chronotype. Fasting bloods determined hepatic (HOMA-IR) and adipose insulin resistance (Adipose-IR) while a 120-minute euglycemic clamp (40 mU/m2/min, 5 mmoL/L) was performed to test peripheral insulin sensitivity (glucose infusion rate). Carbohydrate (CHOOX) and fat oxidation (FOX), as well as nonoxidative glucose disposal (NOGD), were also estimated (indirect calorimetry). Plasma tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) intermediates, AA, and acyl-carnitines were measured along with VO2max and body composition (DXA). RESULTS There were no statistical differences in age, BMI, fat-free mass, VO2max, or ATP III criteria between groups. Early chronotype, however, had higher peripheral insulin sensitivity (P = 0.009) and lower HOMA-IR (P = 0.02) and Adipose-IR (P = 0.05) compared with late chronotype. Further, early chronotype had higher NOGD (P = 0.008) and greater insulin-stimulated CHOOX (P = 0.02). While fasting lactate (P = 0.01), TCA intermediates (isocitrate, α-ketoglutarate, succinate, fumarate, malate; all P ≤ 0.04) and some AA (proline, isoleucine; P = 0.003-0.05) were lower in early chronotype, other AA (threonine, histidine, arginine; all P ≤ 0.05) and most acyl-carnitines were higher (P ≤ 0.05) compared with late chronotype. CONCLUSION Greater insulin sensitivity and metabolic flexibility relates to plasma TCA concentration in early chronotype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily M Heiston
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | | | | | - Nathan R Stewart
- Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | | | - Steven K Malin
- Correspondence: Steven K. Malin, PhD, Department of Kinesiology & Health, 70 Lipman Dr Loree Gymnasium, New Brunswick, NJ 08091, USA.
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Liu Z, Zhang Y, Liu Z, Tian Z, Pei X, Liu L, Li Y. Folic acid oversupplementation during pregnancy disorders lipid metabolism in male offspring via regulating arginase 1-associated NOS3-AMPKα pathway. Clin Nutr 2021; 41:21-32. [PMID: 34864452 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Folic acid supplementation is widely accepted during pregnancy, as it exerts a protective effect on neural tube defects. However, the long-term underlying effects of folic acid supplementation during pregnancy (FASDP) on offspring remain unclear. METHODS Thirty pregnant female rats were randomly divided into normal control group, folic acid appropriate supplementation group (2.5 × FA group) and folic acid oversupplementation group (5 × FA group) and fed with corresponding folic acid concentration AIN93G diet. UPLC-Q-TOF-MS, UPLC-TQ-MS and GC-MS were performed to detect the serum metabolites profiles in adult male offspring and explore the effects of FASDP. Moreover, molecular biology technologies were used to clarify the underlying mechanism. RESULTS We demonstrate that 2.5-folds folic acid leads to dyslipidemic-diabetic slightly in male offspring, while 5-folds folic acid aggravates the disorder and prominent hepatic lipid accumulations. Using untargeted and targeted metabolomics, total 63 differential metabolites and 12 significantly differential KEGG pathways are identified. Of note, arginine biosynthesis, arginine and proline metabolism are the two most significant pathways. Mechanistic investigations reveal that the increased levels of arginase-1 (Arg1) causes the lipid metabolism disorder by regulating nitric oxide synthase-3 (NOS3)-adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase-α (AMPKα) pathway, resulting in lipid accumulation in hepatocytes. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that maternal folic acid oversupplementation during pregnancy contributes to lipid metabolism disorder in male offspring by regulating Arg1-NOS3-AMPKα pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Liu
- National Key Discipline Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Yuntao Zhang
- National Key Discipline Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Zengjiao Liu
- National Key Discipline Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Zhen Tian
- National Key Discipline Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Xinyi Pei
- National Key Discipline Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Liyan Liu
- National Key Discipline Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China.
| | - Ying Li
- National Key Discipline Laboratory, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, PR China.
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Mengeste AM, Rustan AC, Lund J. Skeletal muscle energy metabolism in obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021; 29:1582-1595. [PMID: 34464025 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Comparing energy metabolism in human skeletal muscle and primary skeletal muscle cells in obesity, while focusing on glucose and fatty acid metabolism, shows many common changes. Insulin-mediated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and primary myotubes is decreased by obesity, whereas differences in basal glucose metabolism are inconsistent among studies. With respect to fatty acid metabolism, there is an increased uptake and storage of fatty acids and a reduced complete lipolysis, suggesting alterations in lipid turnover. In addition, fatty acid oxidation is decreased, probably at the level of complete oxidation, as β -oxidation may be enhanced in obesity, which indicates mitochondrial dysfunction. Metabolic changes in skeletal muscle with obesity promote metabolic inflexibility, ectopic lipid accumulation, and formation of toxic lipid intermediates. Skeletal muscle also acts as an endocrine organ, secreting myokines that participate in interorgan cross talk. This review highlights interventions and some possible targets for treatment through action on skeletal muscle energy metabolism. Effects of exercise in vivo on obesity have been compared with simulation of endurance exercise in vitro on myotubes (electrical pulse stimulation). Possible pharmaceutical targets, including signaling pathways and drug candidates that could modify lipid storage and turnover or increase mitochondrial function or cellular energy expenditure through adaptive thermogenic mechanisms, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel M Mengeste
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arild C Rustan
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jenny Lund
- Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Krassovskaia PM, Chaves AB, Houmard JA, Broskey NT. Exercise during Pregnancy: Developmental Programming Effects and Future Directions in Humans. Int J Sports Med 2021; 43:107-118. [PMID: 34344043 DOI: 10.1055/a-1524-2278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies show that low birth weight is associated with mortality from cardiovascular disease in adulthood, indicating that chronic diseases could be influenced by hormonal or metabolic insults encountered in utero. This concept, now known as the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease hypothesis, postulates that the intrauterine environment may alter the structure and function of the organs of the fetus as well as the expression of genes that impart an increased vulnerability to chronic diseases later in life. Lifestyle interventions initiated during the prenatal period are crucial as there is the potential to attenuate progression towards chronic diseases. However, how lifestyle interventions such as physical activity directly affect human offspring metabolism and the potential mechanisms involved in regulating metabolic balance at the cellular level are not known. The purpose of this review is to highlight the effects of exercise during pregnancy on offspring metabolic health and emphasize gaps in the current human literature and suggestions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina M Krassovskaia
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, United States.,East Carolina Diabetes & Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, United States
| | - Alec B Chaves
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, United States.,East Carolina Diabetes & Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, United States
| | - Joseph A Houmard
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, United States.,East Carolina Diabetes & Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, United States
| | - Nicholas T Broskey
- Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, United States.,East Carolina Diabetes & Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, United States
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Andraos S, Jones B, Wall C, Thorstensen E, Kussmann M, Cameron-Smith D, Lange K, Clifford S, Saffery R, Burgner D, Wake M, O’Sullivan J. Plasma B Vitamers: Population Epidemiology and Parent-Child Concordance in Children and Adults. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13030821. [PMID: 33801409 PMCID: PMC8001009 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Scope: B vitamers are co-enzymes involved in key physiological processes including energy production, one-carbon, and macronutrient metabolism. Studies profiling B vitamers simultaneously in parent–child dyads are scarce. Profiling B vitamers in parent–child dyads enables an insightful determination of gene–environment contributions to their circulating concentrations. We aimed to characterise: (a) parent–child dyad concordance, (b) generation (children versus adults), (c) age (within the adult subgroup (age range 28–71 years)) and (d) sex differences in plasma B vitamer concentrations in the CheckPoint study of Australian children. Methods and Results: 1166 children (11 ± 0.5 years, 51% female) and 1324 parents (44 ± 5.1 years, 87% female) took part in a biomedical assessment of a population-derived longitudinal cohort study: The Growing Up in Australia’s Child Health CheckPoint. B vitamer levels were quantified by UHPLC/MS-MS. B vitamer levels were weakly concordant between parent–child pairs (10–31% of variability explained). All B vitamer concentrations exhibited generation-specificity, except for flavin mononucleotide (FMN). The levels of thiamine, pantothenic acid, and 4-pyridoxic acid were higher in male children, and those of pantothenic acid were higher in male adults compared to their female counterparts. Conclusion: Family, age, and sex contribute to variations in the concentrations of plasma B vitamers in Australian children and adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Andraos
- The Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (S.A.); (E.T.); (M.K.); (D.C.-S.)
| | - Beatrix Jones
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand;
| | - Clare Wall
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand;
| | - Eric Thorstensen
- The Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (S.A.); (E.T.); (M.K.); (D.C.-S.)
| | - Martin Kussmann
- The Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (S.A.); (E.T.); (M.K.); (D.C.-S.)
- New Zealand National Science Challenge High-Value Nutrition, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - David Cameron-Smith
- The Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (S.A.); (E.T.); (M.K.); (D.C.-S.)
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Medical Drive, Singapore 117609, Singapore
| | - Katherine Lange
- The Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (K.L.); (S.C.); (R.S.); (D.B.); (M.W.)
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Susan Clifford
- The Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (K.L.); (S.C.); (R.S.); (D.B.); (M.W.)
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Richard Saffery
- The Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (K.L.); (S.C.); (R.S.); (D.B.); (M.W.)
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - David Burgner
- The Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (K.L.); (S.C.); (R.S.); (D.B.); (M.W.)
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Melissa Wake
- The Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (K.L.); (S.C.); (R.S.); (D.B.); (M.W.)
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Justin O’Sullivan
- The Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; (S.A.); (E.T.); (M.K.); (D.C.-S.)
- New Zealand National Science Challenge High-Value Nutrition, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +64-9-373-8763
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10
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Broskey NT, Pories WJ, Jones TE, Tanner CJ, Zheng D, Cortright RN, Yang ZW, Khang N, Yang J, Houmard JA, Lynis Dohm G. The association between lactate and muscle aerobic substrate oxidation: Is lactate an early marker for metabolic disease in healthy subjects? Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14729. [PMID: 33527749 PMCID: PMC7851428 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fasting plasma lactate concentrations are elevated in individuals with metabolic disease. The aim of this study was to determine if the variance in fasting lactate concentrations were associated with factors linked with cardiometabolic health even in a young, lean cohort. Young (age 22 ± 0.5; N = 30) lean (BMI (22.4 ± 0.4 kg/m2) women were assessed for waist‐to‐hip ratio, aerobic capacity (VO2peak), skeletal muscle oxidative capacity (near infrared spectroscopy; fat oxidation from muscle biopsies), and fasting glucose and insulin (HOMA‐IR). Subjects had a mean fasting lactate of 0.9 ± 0.1 mmol/L. The rate of deoxygenation of hemoglobin/myoglobin (R2 = .23, p = .03) in resting muscle and skeletal muscle homogenate fatty acid oxidation (R2 = .72, p = .004) were inversely associated with fasting lactate. Likewise, cardiorespiratory fitness (time to exhaustion during the VO2peak test) was inversely associated with lactate (R2 = .20, p = .05). Lactate concentration was inversely correlated with HDL:LDL (R2 = .57, p = .02) and positively correlated with the waist to hip ratio (R2 = .52, p = .02). Plasma lactate was associated with various indices of cardiometabolic health. Thus, early determination of fasting lactate concentration could become a common biomarker used for identifying individuals at early risk for metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas T Broskey
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Diabetes, Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Walter J Pories
- Department of Diabetes, Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Surgery, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Terry E Jones
- Department of Diabetes, Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Physical Therapy, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Charles J Tanner
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Diabetes, Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Donghai Zheng
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Diabetes, Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ronald N Cortright
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Diabetes, Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Zhen W Yang
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nkaujyi Khang
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Josh Yang
- Department of Physiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Joseph A Houmard
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Diabetes, Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - G Lynis Dohm
- Department of Diabetes, Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Physiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
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11
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McIlvenna LC, Patten RK, McAinch AJ, Rodgers RJ, Stepto NK, Moreno-Asso A. Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 Alters Glucose Uptake but Not Insulin Signalling in Human Primary Myotubes From Women With and Without Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:732338. [PMID: 34707569 PMCID: PMC8544291 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.732338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), commonly have profound skeletal muscle insulin resistance which can worsen other clinical features. The heterogeneity of the condition has made it challenging to identify the precise mechanisms that cause this insulin resistance. A possible explanation for the underlying insulin resistance may be the dysregulation of Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGFβ) signalling. TGFβ signalling contributes to the remodelling of reproductive and hepatic tissues in women with PCOS. Given the systemic nature of TGFβ signalling and its role in skeletal muscle homeostasis, it may be possible that these adverse effects extend to other peripheral tissues. We aimed to determine if TGFβ1 could negatively regulate glucose uptake and insulin signalling in skeletal muscle of women with PCOS. We show that both myotubes from women with PCOS and healthy women displayed an increase in glucose uptake, independent of changes in insulin signalling, following short term (16 hr) TGFβ1 treatment. This increase occurred despite pro-fibrotic signalling increasing via SMAD3 and connective tissue growth factor in both groups following treatment with TGFβ1. Collectively, our findings show that short-term treatment with TGFβ1 does not appear to influence insulin signalling or promote insulin resistance in myotubes. These findings suggest that aberrant TGFβ signalling is unlikely to directly contribute to skeletal muscle insulin resistance in women with PCOS in the short term but does not rule out indirect or longer-term effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke C. McIlvenna
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rhiannon K. Patten
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew J. McAinch
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Raymond J. Rodgers
- Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Robinson Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Nigel K. Stepto
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alba Moreno-Asso
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Alba Moreno-Asso,
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12
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Li L, Wang Y, Yuan J, Liu Z, Ye C, Qin S. Undaria pinnatifida improves obesity-related outcomes in association with gut microbiota and metabolomics modulation in high-fat diet-fed mice. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:10217-10231. [PMID: 33074417 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10954-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dietary fiber has beneficial effects on obesity-related diseases and gut microbiota, contributing a key role in the interaction between dietary metabolism and host metabolism. Our objective was to investigate the cause of the improvement in multiple types of physiological states with seaweed Undaria pinnatifida treatment on high-fat diet-fed mice and to evaluate whether its consequent anti-adiposity and anti-hyperlipidemic effects are associated with gut microbiota and its metabolomics regulation. U. pinnatifida administration in our experiment was shown to significantly decrease high-fat diet-induced body weight gain, as well as epididymal and abdominal adiposity. U. pinnatifida intake also significantly reduced liver weight and serum triacylglycerol accumulation. We also found that improving effects of U. pinnatifida on high-fat diet-induced metabolic dysfunctions were associated with significant increase in specific bacteria, such as Bacteroides acidifaciens and Bacteroides ovatus, as well as metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates. Our result provides a cheap dietary strategy to host metabolism improvement and obesity management. KEY POINTS: • U. pinnatifida improved adipose accumulation and lipid metabolism. • B. acidifaciens and B. ovatus contributed to the beneficial effects of U. pinnatifida. • SCFAs and TCA cycle intermediates were critical to the metabolic outcomes. • Our study provides a cheap dietary strategy for obesity management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Li
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China
| | - Jingyi Yuan
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Zhengyi Liu
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Changqing Ye
- School of Public Health, Nantong University, Nantong, 226019, China.
| | - Song Qin
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, 264003, China.
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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13
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Zou K, Turner K, Zheng D, Hinkley JM, Kugler BA, Hornby PJ, Lenhard J, Jones TE, Pories WJ, Dohm GL, Houmard JA. Impaired glucose partitioning in primary myotubes from severely obese women with type 2 diabetes. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 319:C1011-C1019. [PMID: 32966127 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00157.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine whether intramyocellular glucose partitioning was altered in primary human myotubes derived from severely obese women with type 2 diabetes. Human skeletal muscle cells were obtained from lean nondiabetic and severely obese Caucasian females with type 2 diabetes [body mass index (BMI): 23.6 ± 2.6 vs. 48.8 ± 1.9 kg/m2, fasting glucose: 86.9 ± 1.6 vs. 135.6 ± 12.0 mg/dL, n = 9/group]. 1-[14C]-Glucose metabolism (glycogen synthesis, glucose oxidation, and nonoxidized glycolysis) and 1- and 2-[14C]-pyruvate oxidation were examined in fully differentiated myotubes under basal and insulin-stimulated conditions. Tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates were determined via targeted metabolomics. Myotubes derived from severely obese individuals with type 2 diabetes exhibited impaired insulin-mediated glucose partitioning with reduced rates of glycogen synthesis and glucose oxidation and increased rates of nonoxidized glycolytic products, when compared with myotubes derived from the nondiabetic individuals (P < 0.05). Both 1- and 2-[14C]-pyruvate oxidation rates were significantly blunted in myotubes from severely obese women with type 2 diabetes compared with myotubes from the nondiabetic controls. Lastly, concentrations of tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates, namely, citrate (P < 0.05), cis-aconitic acid (P = 0.07), and α-ketoglutarate (P < 0.05), were lower in myotubes from severely obese women with type 2 diabetes. These data suggest that intramyocellular insulin-mediated glucose partitioning is intrinsically altered in the skeletal muscle of severely obese women with type 2 diabetes in a manner that favors the production of glycolytic end products. Defects in pyruvate dehydrogenase and tricarboxylic acid cycle may be responsible for this metabolic derangement associated with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zou
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kristen Turner
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina.,Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina.,East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Donghai Zheng
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina.,Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina.,Department of Physiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - J Matthew Hinkley
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina.,Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina.,East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Benjamin A Kugler
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Pamela J Hornby
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania
| | - James Lenhard
- Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, Pennsylvania
| | - Terry E Jones
- Department of Physical Therapy, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Walter J Pories
- Department of Surgery, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina.,East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - G Lynis Dohm
- Department of Physiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina.,East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
| | - Joseph A Houmard
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina.,Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina.,East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina
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14
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Laurens C, Parmar A, Murphy E, Carper D, Lair B, Maes P, Vion J, Boulet N, Fontaine C, Marquès M, Larrouy D, Harant I, Thalamas C, Montastier E, Caspar-Bauguil S, Bourlier V, Tavernier G, Grolleau JL, Bouloumié A, Langin D, Viguerie N, Bertile F, Blanc S, de Glisezinski I, O'Gorman D, Moro C. Growth and differentiation factor 15 is secreted by skeletal muscle during exercise and promotes lipolysis in humans. JCI Insight 2020; 5:131870. [PMID: 32106110 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.131870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We hypothesized that skeletal muscle contraction produces a cellular stress signal, triggering adipose tissue lipolysis to sustain fuel availability during exercise. The present study aimed at identifying exercise-regulated myokines, also known as exerkines, able to promote lipolysis. Human primary myotubes from lean healthy volunteers were submitted to electrical pulse stimulation (EPS) to mimic either acute intense or chronic moderate exercise. Conditioned media (CM) experiments with human adipocytes were performed. CM and human plasma samples were analyzed using unbiased proteomic screening and/or ELISA. Real-time qPCR was performed in cultured myotubes and muscle biopsy samples. CM from both acute intense and chronic moderate exercise increased basal lipolysis in human adipocytes. Growth and differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) gene expression and secretion increased rapidly upon skeletal muscle contraction. GDF15 protein was upregulated in CM from both acute and chronic exercise-stimulated myotubes. We further showed that physiological concentrations of recombinant GDF15 protein increased lipolysis in human adipose tissue, while blocking GDF15 with a neutralizing antibody abrogated EPS CM-mediated lipolysis. We herein provide the first evidence to our knowledge that GDF15 is a potentially novel exerkine produced by skeletal muscle contraction and able to target human adipose tissue to promote lipolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Laurens
- Inserm, UMR1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France.,Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, UMR1048, Toulouse, France.,CNRS UMR7178, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France
| | - Anisha Parmar
- Inserm, UMR1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France.,Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, UMR1048, Toulouse, France
| | - Enda Murphy
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Deborah Carper
- Inserm, UMR1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France.,Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, UMR1048, Toulouse, France
| | - Benjamin Lair
- Inserm, UMR1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France.,Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, UMR1048, Toulouse, France
| | - Pauline Maes
- CNRS UMR7178, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France
| | - Julie Vion
- Inserm, UMR1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France.,Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, UMR1048, Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Boulet
- Inserm, UMR1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France.,Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, UMR1048, Toulouse, France
| | - Coralie Fontaine
- Inserm, UMR1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France.,Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, UMR1048, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie Marquès
- Inserm, UMR1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France.,Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, UMR1048, Toulouse, France
| | - Dominique Larrouy
- Inserm, UMR1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France.,Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, UMR1048, Toulouse, France
| | - Isabelle Harant
- Inserm, UMR1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France.,Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, UMR1048, Toulouse, France
| | - Claire Thalamas
- Inserm, UMR1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France.,Inserm, Clinical Investigation Center CIC 1436, Toulouse, France.,Departments of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Physiology, Plastic Surgery and Clinical Investigation Center CIC 1436, Toulouse University Hospitals, Toulouse, France
| | - Emilie Montastier
- Inserm, UMR1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France.,Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, UMR1048, Toulouse, France.,Departments of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Physiology, Plastic Surgery and Clinical Investigation Center CIC 1436, Toulouse University Hospitals, Toulouse, France
| | - Sylvie Caspar-Bauguil
- Inserm, UMR1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France.,Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, UMR1048, Toulouse, France.,Departments of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Physiology, Plastic Surgery and Clinical Investigation Center CIC 1436, Toulouse University Hospitals, Toulouse, France
| | - Virginie Bourlier
- Inserm, UMR1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France.,Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, UMR1048, Toulouse, France
| | - Geneviève Tavernier
- Inserm, UMR1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France.,Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, UMR1048, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Louis Grolleau
- Departments of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Physiology, Plastic Surgery and Clinical Investigation Center CIC 1436, Toulouse University Hospitals, Toulouse, France
| | - Anne Bouloumié
- Inserm, UMR1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France.,Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, UMR1048, Toulouse, France
| | - Dominique Langin
- Inserm, UMR1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France.,Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, UMR1048, Toulouse, France.,Departments of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Physiology, Plastic Surgery and Clinical Investigation Center CIC 1436, Toulouse University Hospitals, Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Viguerie
- Inserm, UMR1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France.,Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, UMR1048, Toulouse, France
| | - Fabrice Bertile
- CNRS UMR7178, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France
| | - Stéphane Blanc
- CNRS UMR7178, Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France
| | - Isabelle de Glisezinski
- Inserm, UMR1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France.,Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Toulouse, Paul Sabatier University, UMR1048, Toulouse, France.,Departments of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Physiology, Plastic Surgery and Clinical Investigation Center CIC 1436, Toulouse University Hospitals, Toulouse, France
| | - Donal O'Gorman
- School of Health and Human Performance, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cedric Moro
- Inserm, UMR1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, Toulouse, France
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15
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Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery restores insulin-mediated glucose partitioning and mitochondrial dynamics in primary myotubes from severely obese humans. Int J Obes (Lond) 2019; 44:684-696. [PMID: 31624314 PMCID: PMC7050434 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-019-0469-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Impaired insulin-mediated glucose partitioning is an intrinsic metabolic defect in skeletal muscle from severely obese humans (BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2). Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery has been shown to improve glucose metabolism in severely obese humans. The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of RYGB surgery on glucose partitioning, mitochondrial network morphology, and markers of mitochondrial dynamics skeletal muscle from severely obese humans. Subject/Methods: Human skeletal muscle cells were isolated from muscle biopsies obtained from RYGB patients (BMI = 48.0 ± 2.1, n=7) prior to, 1-month and 7-months following surgery and lean control subjects (BMI = 22.4 ± 1.1, n=7). Complete glucose oxidation, non-oxidized glycolysis rates, mitochondrial respiratory capacity, mitochondrial network morphology and regulatory proteins of mitochondrial dynamics were determined in differentiated human myotubes. Results: Myotubes derived from severely obese humans exhibited enhanced glucose oxidation (13.5%; 95%CI [7.6, 19.4], P = 0.043) and reduced non-oxidized glycolysis (−1.3%; 95%CI [−11.1, 8.6]) in response to insulin stimulation at 7-months after RYGB when compared to the pre-surgery state (−0.6%; 95%CI [−5.2, 4.0] and 19.5%; 95%CI [4.0, 35.0], P =0.006), and were not different from the lean controls (16.7%; 95%CI [11.8, 21.5] and 1.9%; 95%CI [−1.6, 5.4], respectively). Further, number of fragmented mitochondria and Drp1(Ser616) phosphorylation and were trended to reduced/reduced (0.0104, 95%CI [0.0085, 0.0126], P = 0.091 and 0.0085, 95%CI [0.0068, 0.0102], P = 0.05) in myotubes derived from severely obese humans at 7-months after RYGB surgery in comparison to the pre-surgery state. Finally, Drp1(Ser616) phosphorylation was negatively correlated with insulin-stimulated glucose oxidation (r = −0.49, P = 0.037). Conclusion/Interpretation: These data indicate that an intrinsic metabolic defect of glucose partitioning in skeletal muscle from severely obese humans is restored by RYGB surgery. The restoration of glucose partitioning may be regulated through reduced mitochondrial fission protein Drp1 phosphorylation.
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16
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Gundersen AE, Kugler BA, McDonald PM, Veraksa A, Houmard JA, Zou K. Altered mitochondrial network morphology and regulatory proteins in mitochondrial quality control in myotubes from severely obese humans with or without type 2 diabetes. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2019; 45:283-293. [PMID: 31356754 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2019-0208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Healthy mitochondrial networks are maintained via balanced integration of mitochondrial quality control processes (biogenesis, fusion, fission, and mitophagy). The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of severe obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) on mitochondrial network morphology and expression of proteins regulating mitochondrial quality control processes in cultured human myotubes. Primary human skeletal muscle cells were isolated from biopsies from lean, severely obese nondiabetic individuals and severely obese type 2 diabetic individuals (n = 8-9/group) and were differentiated to myotubes. Mitochondrial network morphology was determined in live cells via confocal microscopy and protein markers of mitochondrial quality control were measured by immunoblotting. Myotubes from severely obese nondiabetic and type 2 diabetic humans exhibited fragmented mitochondrial networks (P < 0.05). Mitochondrial fission protein Drp1 (Ser616) phosphorylation was higher in myotubes from severely obese nondiabetic humans when compared with the lean controls (P < 0.05), while mitophagy protein Parkin expression was lower in myotubes from severely obese individuals with T2D in comparison to the other groups (P < 0.05). These data suggest that regulatory proteins in mitochondrial quality control processes, specifically mitochondrial fission protein Drp1 (Ser616) phosphorylation and mitophagy protein Parkin, are intrinsically dysregulated at cellular level in skeletal muscle from severely obese nondiabetic and type 2 diabetic humans, respectively. These differentially expressed mitochondrial quality control proteins may play a role in mitochondrial fragmentation evident in skeletal muscle from severely obese and type 2 diabetic humans. Novelty Mitochondrial network morphology and mitochondrial quality control proteins are intrinsically dysregulated in skeletal muscle cells from severely obese humans with or without T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders E Gundersen
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USA
| | - Benjamin A Kugler
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USA
| | - Paul M McDonald
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USA
| | - Alexey Veraksa
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USA
| | - Joseph A Houmard
- Human Performance Laboratory, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA.,Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA.,East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Kai Zou
- Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USA
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17
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Park S, Turner KD, Zheng D, Brault JJ, Zou K, Chaves AB, Nielsen TS, Tanner CJ, Treebak JT, Houmard JA. Electrical pulse stimulation induces differential responses in insulin action in myotubes from severely obese individuals. J Physiol 2018; 597:449-466. [PMID: 30414190 DOI: 10.1113/jp276990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Exercise/exercise training can enhance insulin sensitivity through adaptations in skeletal muscle, the primary site of insulin-mediated glucose disposal; however, in humans the range of improvement can vary substantially. The purpose of this study was to determine if obesity influences the magnitude of the exercise response in relation to improving insulin sensitivity in human skeletal muscle. Electrical pulse stimulation (EPS; 24 h) of primary human skeletal muscle myotubes improved insulin action in tissue from both lean and severely obese individuals, but responses to EPS were blunted with obesity. EPS improved insulin signal transduction in myotubes from lean but not severely obese subjects and increased AMP accumulation and AMPK Thr172 phosphorylation, but to a lesser degree in myotubes from the severely obese. These data reveal that myotubes of severely obese individuals enhance insulin action and stimulate exercise-responsive molecules with contraction, but in a manner and magnitude that differs from lean subjects. ABSTRACT Exercise/muscle contraction can enhance whole-body insulin sensitivity; however, in humans the range of improvements can vary substantially. In order, to determine if obesity influences the magnitude of the exercise response, this study compared the effects of electrical pulse stimulation (EPS)-induced contractile activity upon primary myotubes derived from lean and severely obese (BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2 ) women. Prior to muscle contraction, insulin action was compromised in myotubes from the severely obese as was evident from reduced insulin-stimulated glycogen synthesis, glucose oxidation, glucose uptake, insulin signal transduction (IRS1, Akt, TBC1D4), and insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation. EPS (24 h) increased AMP, IMP, AMPK Thr172 phosphorylation, PGC1α content, and insulin action in myotubes of both the lean and severely obese subjects. However, despite normalizing indices of insulin action to levels seen in the lean control (non-EPS) condition, responses to EPS were blunted with obesity. EPS improved insulin signal transduction in myotubes from lean but not severely obese subjects and EPS increased AMP accumulation and AMPK Thr172 phosphorylation, but to a lesser degree in myotubes from the severely obese. These data reveal that myotubes of severely obese individuals enhance insulin action and stimulate exercise-responsive molecules with contraction, but in a manner and magnitude that differs from lean subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghee Park
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ward Sports Medicine Building, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.,Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.,East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Kristen D Turner
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ward Sports Medicine Building, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.,Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.,East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Donghai Zheng
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ward Sports Medicine Building, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.,Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.,East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Brault
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ward Sports Medicine Building, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.,Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.,East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Kai Zou
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ward Sports Medicine Building, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.,Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.,East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.,Department of Exercise and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alec B Chaves
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ward Sports Medicine Building, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.,Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.,East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Thomas S Nielsen
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charles J Tanner
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ward Sports Medicine Building, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.,Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.,East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Jonas T Treebak
- Section of Integrative Physiology, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Joseph A Houmard
- Human Performance Laboratory, Ward Sports Medicine Building, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.,Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.,East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
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