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Papadimitriou E, Thomaidou D. Post-transcriptional mechanisms controlling neurogenesis and direct neuronal reprogramming. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1929-1939. [PMID: 38227517 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.390976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurogenesis is a tightly regulated process in time and space both in the developing embryo and in adult neurogenic niches. A drastic change in the transcriptome and proteome of radial glial cells or neural stem cells towards the neuronal state is achieved due to sophisticated mechanisms of epigenetic, transcriptional, and post-transcriptional regulation. Understanding these neurogenic mechanisms is of major importance, not only for shedding light on very complex and crucial developmental processes, but also for the identification of putative reprogramming factors, that harbor hierarchically central regulatory roles in the course of neurogenesis and bare thus the capacity to drive direct reprogramming towards the neuronal fate. The major transcriptional programs that orchestrate the neurogenic process have been the focus of research for many years and key neurogenic transcription factors, as well as repressor complexes, have been identified and employed in direct reprogramming protocols to convert non-neuronal cells, into functional neurons. The post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression during nervous system development has emerged as another important and intricate regulatory layer, strongly contributing to the complexity of the mechanisms controlling neurogenesis and neuronal function. In particular, recent advances are highlighting the importance of specific RNA binding proteins that control major steps of mRNA life cycle during neurogenesis, such as alternative splicing, polyadenylation, stability, and translation. Apart from the RNA binding proteins, microRNAs, a class of small non-coding RNAs that block the translation of their target mRNAs, have also been shown to play crucial roles in all the stages of the neurogenic process, from neural stem/progenitor cell proliferation, neuronal differentiation and migration, to functional maturation. Here, we provide an overview of the most prominent post-transcriptional mechanisms mediated by RNA binding proteins and microRNAs during the neurogenic process, giving particular emphasis on the interplay of specific RNA binding proteins with neurogenic microRNAs. Taking under consideration that the molecular mechanisms of neurogenesis exert high similarity to the ones driving direct neuronal reprogramming, we also discuss the current advances in in vitro and in vivo direct neuronal reprogramming approaches that have employed microRNAs or RNA binding proteins as reprogramming factors, highlighting the so far known mechanisms of their reprogramming action.
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Dou Y, Fei X, He X, Huan Y, Wei J, Wu X, Lyu W, Fei Z, Li X, Fei F. Homer1a reduces inflammatory response after retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1608-1617. [PMID: 38051906 PMCID: PMC10883521 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.386490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
JOURNAL/nrgr/04.03/01300535-202407000-00042/figure1/v/2023-11-20T171125Z/r/image-tiff
Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is one of the causes of retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury, which results in NLRP3 inflammasome activation and leads to visual damage. Homer1a is reported to play a protective role in neuroinflammation in the cerebrum. However, the effects of Homer1a on NLRP3 inflammasomes in retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury caused by elevated IOP remain unknown. In our study, animal models were constructed using C57BL/6J and Homer1flox/
–/Homer1a+/
–/Nestin-Cre+/
– mice with elevated IOP-induced retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury. For in vitro experiments, the oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion injury model was constructed with Müller cells. We found that Homer1a overexpression ameliorated the decreases in retinal thickness and Müller cell viability after ischemia/reperfusion injury. Furthermore, Homer1a knockdown promoted NF-κB P65Ser536 activation via caspase-8, NF-κB P65 nuclear translocation, NLRP3 inflammasome formation, and the production and processing of interleukin-1β and interleukin-18. The opposite results were observed with Homer1a overexpression. Finally, the combined administration of Homer1a protein and JSH-23 significantly inhibited the reduction in retinal thickness in Homer1flox/
–/Homer1a+/
–/Nestin-Cre+/
– mice and apoptosis in Müller cells after ischemia/reperfusion injury. Taken together, these studies demonstrate that Homer1a exerts protective effects on retinal tissue and Müller cells via the caspase-8/NF-κB P65/NLRP3 pathway after I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Dou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiaowei Fei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xin He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yu Huan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jialiang Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiuquan Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Weihao Lyu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhou Fei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Fei Fei
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
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3
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Giusti SA, Pino NS, Pannunzio C, Ogando MB, Armando NG, Garrett L, Zimprich A, Becker L, Gimeno ML, Lukin J, Merino FL, Pardi MB, Pedroncini O, Di Mauro GC, Durner VG, Fuchs H, de Angelis MH, Patop IL, Turck CW, Deussing JM, Vogt Weisenhorn DM, Jahn O, Kadener S, Hölter SM, Brose N, Giesert F, Wurst W, Marin-Burgin A, Refojo D. A brain-enriched circular RNA controls excitatory neurotransmission and restricts sensitivity to aversive stimuli. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadj8769. [PMID: 38787942 PMCID: PMC11122670 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj8769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a large class of noncoding RNAs. Despite the identification of thousands of circular transcripts, the biological significance of most of them remains unexplored, partly because of the lack of effective methods for generating loss-of-function animal models. In this study, we focused on circTulp4, an abundant circRNA derived from the Tulp4 gene that is enriched in the brain and synaptic compartments. By creating a circTulp4-deficient mouse model, in which we mutated the splice acceptor site responsible for generating circTulp4 without affecting the linear mRNA or protein levels, we were able to conduct a comprehensive phenotypic analysis. Our results demonstrate that circTulp4 is critical in regulating neuronal and brain physiology, modulating the strength of excitatory neurotransmission and sensitivity to aversive stimuli. This study provides evidence that circRNAs can regulate biologically relevant functions in neurons, with modulatory effects at multiple levels of the phenotype, establishing a proof of principle for the regulatory role of circRNAs in neural processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian A. Giusti
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)–CONICET–Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Natalia S. Pino
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Camila Pannunzio
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)–CONICET–Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mora B. Ogando
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)–CONICET–Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Natalia G. Armando
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)–CONICET–Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lillian Garrett
- German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Annemarie Zimprich
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
- German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- Chair of Developmental Genetics, Munich School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Lore Becker
- German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Maria L. Gimeno
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)–CONICET–Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jeronimo Lukin
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)–CONICET–Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Florencia L. Merino
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)–CONICET–Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M. Belen Pardi
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)–CONICET–Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Olivia Pedroncini
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)–CONICET–Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Giuliana C. Di Mauro
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)–CONICET–Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Helmut Fuchs
- German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Hrabe de Angelis
- German Mouse Clinic, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Christoph W. Turck
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Jan M. Deussing
- Molecular Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniela M. Vogt Weisenhorn
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
- Chair of Developmental Genetics, Munich School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Olaf Jahn
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Sabine M. Hölter
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Nils Brose
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Florian Giesert
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Wurst
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
- Chair of Developmental Genetics, Munich School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Antonia Marin-Burgin
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)–CONICET–Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Damian Refojo
- Instituto de Investigación en Biomedicina de Buenos Aires (IBioBA)–CONICET–Partner Institute of the Max Planck Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Molecular Neurobiology, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
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4
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Yde Ohki CM, McNeill RV, Vernon AC, Smedler E, Michel TM, Peitz M, Potier MC, Kittel-Schneider S, Grünblatt E. Correspondence to "Bipolar disorder-iPSC derived neural progenitor cells exhibit dysregulation of store-operated Ca 2+ entry and accelerated differentiation" by Hewitt et al. (PMID: 37402854). Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-024-02602-9. [PMID: 38789675 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02602-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristine Marie Yde Ohki
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Rhiannon V McNeill
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Anthony C Vernon
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Erik Smedler
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- The Wallenberg Centre for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Psykiatri Affektiva, Department of Psychiatry, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tanja Maria Michel
- Department of Psychiatry Odense, University of Southern Denmark, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Michael Peitz
- Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology, University of Bonn Medical Faculty & University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Cell Programming Core Facility, University of Bonn Medical Faculty, Bonn, Germany
| | - Marie-Claude Potier
- ICM Paris Brain Institute, CNRS UMR7225, INSERM U1127, Sorbonne University, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Sarah Kittel-Schneider
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Edna Grünblatt
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and the ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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5
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Wang K, Yang Y, Wang Y, Jiang Z, Fang S. CircPTK2 may be associated with depressive-like behaviors by influencing miR-182-5p. Behav Brain Res 2024; 462:114870. [PMID: 38266777 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.114870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a severe psychiatric disorder with uncertain causes. Recent studies have indicated correlations between circular RNAs (circRNAs) and psychiatric disorders. However, the potential role of circRNAs in MDD remains largely unknown. METHODS We investigated the expression and diagnostic significance of circRNA protein tyrosine kinase 2 (circPTK2) by recruiting 50 MDD patients and 40 healthy subjects. Additionally, chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) mouse model was established in animal experiments. QRT-PCR was adopted for circPTK2 and miR-182-5p levels. To investigate the role of circPTK2 in MDD, we utilized microinjection of circPTK2 adeno-associated virus into the mouse hippocampus. Depressive-like behaviors of mice were assessed through forced swim test and open field test. Additionally, the interaction between circPTK2 and miR-182-5p was validated using a dual luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS Decreased expression of circPTK2 was found in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of MDD patients and in hippocampus of CUMS mice, which was useful for distinguishing MDD patients from healthy subjects. Notably, overexpression of circPTK2 was associated with depressive-like behaviors induced by CUMS. Further mechanism research demonstrated that circPTK2 functioned as the sponge for miR-182-5p, which may contribute to the beneficial effect of circPTK2. CONCLUSION Collectively, our findings suggest the participation of circPTK2 and its underlying mechanism in MDD, which might provide a potential target for MDD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunyu Wang
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Research Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Research Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yiwen Wang
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Research Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhuoya Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Research Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shaokuan Fang
- Department of Neurology, Neuroscience Research Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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6
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Beylerli O, Beilerli A, Ilyasova T, Shumadalova A, Shi H, Sufianov A. CircRNAs in Alzheimer's disease: What are the prospects? Noncoding RNA Res 2024; 9:203-210. [PMID: 38125754 PMCID: PMC10730436 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2023.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) is a fascinating covalently closed circular non-coding RNA that is abundantly present in the transcriptome of eukaryotic cells. Its versatile nature allows it to participate in a multitude of pathological and physiological processes within the organism. One of its crucial functions is acting as a microRNA sponge, modulating protein transcription levels, and forming interactions with essential RNA-binding proteins. Remarkably, circRNAs demonstrates a specific enrichment in various vital areas of the brain, including the cortex, hippocampus, white matter, and photoreceptor neurons, particularly in aging organisms. This intriguing characteristic has led scientists to explore its potential as a significant biological marker of neurodegeneration, offering promising insights into neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD). In AD, there has been an interesting observation of elevated levels of circRNAs in both peripheral blood and synaptic terminals of affected individuals. This intriguing finding raises the possibility that circRNAs may have a central role in the initiation and progression of AD. Notably, different categories of circRNAs, including HDAC9, HOMER1, Cwc27, Tulp4, and PTK2, have been implicated in driving the pathological changes associated with AD through diverse mechanisms. For instance, these circRNAs have been demonstrated to contribute to the accumulation of beta-amyloid, which is a hallmark characteristic of AD. Additionally, these circRNAs contribute to the excessive phosphorylation of tau protein, a phenomenon associated with neurofibrillary tangles, further exacerbating the disease. Moreover, they are involved in aggravating neuroinflammation, which is known to play a critical role in AD's pathogenesis. Lastly, these circRNAs can cause mitochondrial dysfunction, disrupting cellular energy production and leading to cognitive impairment. As researchers delve deeper into the intricate workings of circRNAs, they hope to unlock its full potential as a diagnostic tool and therapeutic target for neurodegenerative disorders, paving the way for innovative treatments and better management of such devastating conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozal Beylerli
- Central Research Laboratory, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan, 3 Lenin Street, 450008, Russia
| | - Aferin Beilerli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tyumen State Medical University, 54 Odesskaya Street, 625023, Tyumen, Russia
| | - Tatiana Ilyasova
- Department of Internal Diseases, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan, 450008, Russia
| | - Alina Shumadalova
- Department of General Chemistry, Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Republic of Bashkortostan, 3 Lenin Street, 450008, Russia
| | - Huaizhang Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Albert Sufianov
- Educational and Scientific Institute of Neurosurgery, Рeoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
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7
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Xu C, Xu P, Zhang J, He S, Hua T, Huang A. Research progress and perspectives of noncoding RNAs in adrenocortical carcinoma: A review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e36908. [PMID: 38277554 PMCID: PMC10817030 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000036908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare and highly aggressive endocrine malignancy. Although surgery can cure localized disease, but the majority of patients experience recurrence of ACC. The 5-year survival rate of patients with metastatic ACC is <15%, and the prognosis is poor. Therefore, it is urgent to explore the potential diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets for ACC. Recently, it has been proved that non-coding RNA (ncRNAs) is widely involved in pathological and physiological processes, including tumorigenesis and development. Aberrantly expressed ncRNAs have been found to be involved in the pathogenesis of ACC. Here, we summarized the expression patterns and the molecular mechanism of the involvement of microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) in ACC development. To explore the clinical value of ncRNAs as noninvasive biomarkers of ACC, we also displayed the relationship between the expression level of ncRNAs and the diagnosis and prognosis of patients with ACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changfen Xu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hangzhou Lin’an TCM Hospital, Lin’an District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peiyao Xu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hangzhou Lin’an TCM Hospital, Lin’an District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hangzhou Lin’an TCM Hospital, Lin’an District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sheng He
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hangzhou Lin’an TCM Hospital, Lin’an District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Hua
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hangzhou Lin’an TCM Hospital, Lin’an District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Aiwu Huang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hangzhou Lin’an TCM Hospital, Lin’an District, Hangzhou, China
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8
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Mellios N, Papageorgiou G, Gorgievski V, Maxson G, Hernandez M, Otero M, Varangis M, Dell'Orco M, Perrone-Bizzozero N, Tzavara E. Regulation of neuronal circHomer1 biogenesis by PKA/CREB/ERK-mediated pathways and effects of glutamate and dopamine receptor blockade. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-3547375. [PMID: 38260249 PMCID: PMC10802743 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3547375/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
There are currently only very few efficacious drug treatments for SCZ and BD, none of which can significantly ameliorate cognitive symptoms. Thus, further research is needed in elucidating molecular pathways linked to cognitive function and antipsychotic treatment. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are stable brain-enriched non-coding RNAs, derived from the covalent back-splicing of precursor mRNA molecules. CircHomer1 is a neuronal-enriched, activity-dependent circRNA, derived from the precursor of the long HOMER1B mRNA isoform, which is significantly downregulated in the prefrontal cortex of subjects with psychosis and is able to regulate cognitive function. Even though its relevance to psychiatric disorders and its role in brain function and synaptic plasticity have been well established, little is known about the molecular mechanisms that underlie circHomer1 biogenesis in response to neuronal activity and psychiatric drug treatment. Here we suggest that the RNA-binding protein (RBP) FUS positively regulates neuronal circHomer1 expression. Furthermore, we show that the MEK/ERK and PKA/CREB pathways positively regulate neuronal circHomer1 expression, as well as promote the transcription of Fus and Eif4a3, another RBP previously shown to activate circHomer1 biogenesis. We then demonstrate via both in vitro and in vivo studies that NMDA and mGluR5 receptors are upstream modulators of circHomer1 expression. Lastly, we report that in vivo D2R antagonism increases circHomer1 expression, whereas 5HT2AR blockade reduces circHomer1 levels in multiple brain regions. Taken together, this study allows us to gain novel insights into the molecular circuits that underlie the biogenesis of a psychiatric disease-associated circRNA.
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9
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Dabrowski KR, Floris G, Gillespie A, Daws SE. Orbitofrontal intronic circular RNA from Nrxn3 mediates reward learning and motivation for reward. Prog Neurobiol 2024; 232:102546. [PMID: 38036039 PMCID: PMC10843848 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2023.102546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is a vital component of brain reward circuitry that is important for reward seeking behavior. However, OFC-mediated molecular mechanisms underlying rewarding behavior are understudied. Here, we report the first circular RNA (circRNA) profile associated with appetitive reward and identify regulation of 92 OFC circRNAs by sucrose self-administration. Among these changes, we observed downregulation of circNrxn3, a circRNA originating from neurexin 3 (Nrxn3), a gene involved in synaptogenesis, learning, and memory. Transcriptomic profiling via RNA sequencing and qPCR of the OFC following in vivo knock-down of circNrxn3 revealed differential regulation of genes associated with pathways important for learning and memory and altered splicing of Nrxn3. Furthermore, circNrxn3 knock-down enhanced sucrose self-administration and motivation for sucrose. Using RNA-immunoprecipitation, we report binding of circNrxn3 to the known Nrxn3 splicing factor SAM68. circNrxn3 is the first reported circRNA capable of regulating reward behavior and circNrxn3-mediated interactions with SAM68 may impact subsequent downstream processing of RNAs such as the regulation of gene expression and splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad R Dabrowski
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gabriele Floris
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Aria Gillespie
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stephanie E Daws
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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10
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Xie G, Wu T, Ji G, Wu H, Lai Y, Wei B, Huang W. Circular RNA and intervertebral disc degeneration: unravelling mechanisms and implications. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1302017. [PMID: 38192334 PMCID: PMC10773835 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1302017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Low back pain (LBP) is a major public health problem worldwide and a significant health and economic burden. Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is the reason for LBP. However, we have not identified effective therapeutic strategies to address this challenge. With accumulating knowledge on the role of circular RNAs in the pathogenesis of IDD, we realised that circular RNAs (circRNAs) may have tremendous therapeutic potential and clinical application prospects in this field. This review presents an overview of the current understanding of characteristics, classification, biogenesis, and function of circRNAs and summarises the protective and detrimental circRNAs involved in the intervertebral disc that have been studied thus far. This review is aimed to help researchers better understand the regulatory role of circRNAs in the progression of IDD, reveal their clinical therapeutic potential, and provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and targeted treatment of IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohao Xie
- Orthopaedic Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Tingrui Wu
- Orthopaedic Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Guangju Ji
- Orthopaedic Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Hang Wu
- Orthopaedic Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yue Lai
- Orthopaedic Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Bo Wei
- Orthopaedic Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Wenhua Huang
- Orthopaedic Center, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Translation of Medical 3D Printing Application, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Biomechanics, National Key Discipline of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Medical Innovation Platform for Translation of 3D Printing Application, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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11
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Hewitt T, Alural B, Tilak M, Wang J, Becke N, Chartley E, Perreault M, Haggarty SJ, Sheridan SD, Perlis RH, Jones N, Mellios N, Lalonde J. Bipolar disorder-iPSC derived neural progenitor cells exhibit dysregulation of store-operated Ca 2+ entry and accelerated differentiation. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:5237-5250. [PMID: 37402854 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02152-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
While most of the efforts to uncover mechanisms contributing to bipolar disorder (BD) focused on phenotypes at the mature neuron stage, little research has considered events that may occur during earlier timepoints of neurodevelopment. Further, although aberrant calcium (Ca2+) signaling has been implicated in the etiology of this condition, the possible contribution of store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) is not well understood. Here, we report Ca2+ and developmental dysregulations related to SOCE in BD patient induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neural progenitor cells (BD-NPCs) and cortical-like glutamatergic neurons. First, using a Ca2+ re-addition assay we found that BD-NPCs and neurons had attenuated SOCE. Intrigued by this finding, we then performed RNA-sequencing and uncovered a unique transcriptome profile in BD-NPCs suggesting accelerated neurodifferentiation. Consistent with these results, we measured a slower rate of proliferation, increased neurite outgrowth, and decreased size in neurosphere formations with BD-NPCs. Also, we observed decreased subventricular areas in developing BD cerebral organoids. Finally, BD NPCs demonstrated high expression of the let-7 family while BD neurons had increased miR-34a, both being microRNAs previously implicated in neurodevelopmental deviations and BD etiology. In summary, we present evidence supporting an accelerated transition towards the neuronal stage in BD-NPCs that may be indicative of early pathophysiological features of the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristen Hewitt
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
- Neuroscience Center, HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Begüm Alural
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Manali Tilak
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer Wang
- Center for Quantitative Health, Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Natalina Becke
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Ellis Chartley
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Melissa Perreault
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Stephen J Haggarty
- Center for Quantitative Health, Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Steven D Sheridan
- Center for Quantitative Health, Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Roy H Perlis
- Center for Quantitative Health, Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Nina Jones
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Nikolaos Mellios
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Jasmin Lalonde
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
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12
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Bai Y, Yao HH. Circular RNAs: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Perspectives in CNS Diseases. Curr Med Sci 2023; 43:879-889. [PMID: 37815742 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-023-2784-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of regulatory non-coding RNAs characterized by the presence of covalently closed ends. A growing body of evidence suggests that circRNAs play important roles in physiology and pathology. In particular, accumulating data on circRNA functions in various central nervous system (CNS) diseases and their correlations indicate that circRNAs are critical contributors to the onset and development of brain disorders. In this review, we focus on the regulatory and functional roles of circRNAs in CNS diseases, highlighting their diagnostic and therapeutic potential, with the aim of providing new insights into CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Bai
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Hong-Hong Yao
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, China.
- Institute of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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13
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Dong X, Bai Y, Liao Z, Gritsch D, Liu X, Wang T, Borges-Monroy R, Ehrlich A, Serrano GE, Feany MB, Beach TG, Scherzer CR. Circular RNAs in the human brain are tailored to neuron identity and neuropsychiatric disease. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5327. [PMID: 37723137 PMCID: PMC10507039 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40348-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Little is known about circular RNAs (circRNAs) in specific brain cells and human neuropsychiatric disease. Here, we systematically identify over 11,039 circRNAs expressed in vulnerable dopamine and pyramidal neurons laser-captured from 190 human brains and non-neuronal cells using ultra-deep, total RNA sequencing. 1526 and 3308 circRNAs are custom-tailored to the cell identity of dopamine and pyramidal neurons and enriched in synapse pathways. 29% of Parkinson's and 12% of Alzheimer's disease-associated genes produced validated circRNAs. circDNAJC6, which is transcribed from a juvenile-onset Parkinson's gene, is already dysregulated during prodromal, onset stages of common Parkinson's disease neuropathology. Globally, addiction-associated genes preferentially produce circRNAs in dopamine neurons, autism-associated genes in pyramidal neurons, and cancers in non-neuronal cells. This study shows that circular RNAs in the human brain are tailored to neuron identity and implicate circRNA-regulated synaptic specialization in neuropsychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjun Dong
- APDA Center for Advanced Parkinson Disease Research, Harvard Medical School, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Precision Neurology Program, Harvard Medical School and Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Hub, Harvard Medical School and Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
| | - Yunfei Bai
- APDA Center for Advanced Parkinson Disease Research, Harvard Medical School, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Precision Neurology Program, Harvard Medical School and Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- State Key Lab of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhixiang Liao
- APDA Center for Advanced Parkinson Disease Research, Harvard Medical School, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Precision Neurology Program, Harvard Medical School and Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Gritsch
- APDA Center for Advanced Parkinson Disease Research, Harvard Medical School, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Precision Neurology Program, Harvard Medical School and Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- APDA Center for Advanced Parkinson Disease Research, Harvard Medical School, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Precision Neurology Program, Harvard Medical School and Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Hospital, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tao Wang
- APDA Center for Advanced Parkinson Disease Research, Harvard Medical School, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Precision Neurology Program, Harvard Medical School and Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rebeca Borges-Monroy
- APDA Center for Advanced Parkinson Disease Research, Harvard Medical School, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Precision Neurology Program, Harvard Medical School and Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alyssa Ehrlich
- APDA Center for Advanced Parkinson Disease Research, Harvard Medical School, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Precision Neurology Program, Harvard Medical School and Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Mel B Feany
- Departement of Pathology, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Clemens R Scherzer
- APDA Center for Advanced Parkinson Disease Research, Harvard Medical School, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Precision Neurology Program, Harvard Medical School and Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA.
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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14
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Malviya A, Bhuyan R. The recent advancements in circRNA research: From biogenesis to therapeutic interventions. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 248:154697. [PMID: 37506629 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) belong to the genre of long non-coding RNAs that are formed by special back-splicing events and are currently the molecule of interest for studies globally due their involvement in various ailments like diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders, cardio-vascular diseases and cancers. These class of highly stable RNAs participate in diverse cellular functionalities including microRNA (miRNA) sponging, ceRNA (competing endogenous RNA) activity or via exhibiting RNA binding protein (RBP) interactions. They are also known to regulate cancer progression both positively and negatively through various biological pathways such as, modulating the cell cycle and apoptotic pathways, epigenetic regulation, and translational and/or transcriptional regulations etc. Given its significance, a variety of computational tools and dedicated databases have been created for the identification, quantification, and differential expression of such RNAs in combination with sequencing approaches. In this review, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the numerous computational tools, pipelines, and online resources developed in recent years for the detection and annotation of circRNAs. We also summarise the most recent findings regarding the characteristics, functions, biological processes, and involvement of circRNAs in diseases. The review emphasises the significance of circRNAs as potential disease biomarkers and new treatment targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayushi Malviya
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Tonk, Rajasthan 304022, India
| | - Rajabrata Bhuyan
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, Tonk, Rajasthan 304022, India.
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15
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Noor S, Pritha AN, Pasmay AA, Sanchez JE, Sanchez JJ, Fernandez-Oropeza AK, Sun MS, Dell’Orco M, Davies S, Savage DD, Mellios N, Milligan ED. Prenatal alcohol exposure dysregulates spinal and circulating immune cell circular RNA expression in adult female rats with chronic sciatic neuropathy. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1180308. [PMID: 37360167 PMCID: PMC10288115 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1180308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol consumption during pregnancy is associated with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) that results in a continuum of central nervous system (CNS) deficits. Emerging evidence from both preclinical and clinical studies indicate that the biological vulnerability to chronic CNS disease in FASD populations is driven by aberrant neuroimmune actions. Our prior studies suggest that, following minor nerve injury, prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) is a risk factor for developing adult-onset chronic pathological touch sensitivity or allodynia. Allodynia in PAE rats occurs concurrently with heightened proinflammatory peripheral and spinal glial-immune activation. However, minor nerve-injured control rats remain non-allodynic, and corresponding proinflammatory factors are unaltered. A comprehensive molecular understanding of the mechanism(s) that underlie PAE-induced proinflammatory bias during adulthood remains elusive. Non-coding circular RNAs (circRNAs) are emerging as novel modulators of gene expression. Here, we hypothesized that PAE induces dysregulation of circRNAs that are linked to immune function under basal and nerve-injured conditions during adulthood. Utilizing a microarray platform, we carried out the first systematic profiling of circRNAs in adult PAE rats, prior to and after minor nerve injury. The results demonstrate a unique circRNA profile in adult PAE rats without injury; 18 circRNAs in blood and 32 spinal circRNAs were differentially regulated. Following minor nerve injury, more than 100 differentially regulated spinal circRNAs were observed in allodynic PAE rats. Bioinformatic analysis identified that the parental genes of these circRNAs are linked to the NF-κB complex, a central transcription factor for pain-relevant proinflammatory cytokines. Quantitative real-time PCR was employed to measure levels of selected circRNAs and linear mRNA isoforms. We have validated that circVopp1 was significantly downregulated in blood leukocytes in PAE rats, concurrent with downregulation of Vopp1 mRNA levels. Spinal circVopp1 levels were upregulated in PAE rats, regardless of nerve injury. Additionally, PAE downregulated levels of circItch and circRps6ka3, which are linked to immune regulation. These results demonstrate that PAE exerts long-lasting dysregulation of circRNA expression in blood leukocytes and the spinal cord. Moreover, the spinal circRNA expression profile following peripheral nerve injury is differentially modulated by PAE, potentially contributing to PAE-induced neuroimmune dysregulation.
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16
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Daws SE, Gillespie A. Circular RNA regulation and function in drug seeking phenotypes. Mol Cell Neurosci 2023; 125:103841. [PMID: 36935046 PMCID: PMC10247439 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2023.103841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug overdoses have increased dramatically in the United States over the last decade where they are now the leading cause of accidental death. To develop efficient therapeutic options for decreasing drug consumption and overdose risk, it is critical to understand the neurobiological changes induced by drug exposure. Chronic systemic exposure to all drug classes, including opioids, psychostimulants, nicotine, cannabis, and alcohol, induces profound molecular neuroadaptations within the central nervous system that may reveal crucial information about the lasting effects that these substances impart on brain cells. Transcriptome analyses of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) have identified gene patterns in the brain that result from exposure to various classes of drugs. However, mRNAs represent only a small fraction of the RNA within the cell, and drug exposure also impacts other classes of RNA that are largely understudied, especially circular RNAs. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a naturally occurring RNA species formed from back-splicing events during mRNA processing and are enriched in the nervous system. circRNAs are a pleiotropic class of RNAs and have a diverse impact on cellular function, with putative functions including regulation of mRNA transcription, protein translation, microRNA sponging, and sequestration of RNA-binding proteins. Recent studies have demonstrated that circRNAs can modulate cognition and are regulated in the brain in response to drug exposure, yet very few studies have explored the contribution of circRNAs to drug seeking phenotypes. In this review, we will provide an overview of the mechanisms of circRNA function in the cell to highlight how drug-induced circRNA dysregulation may impact the molecular substrates that mediate drug seeking behavior and the current studies that have reported drug-induced dysregulation of circRNAs in the brain. Furthermore, we will discuss how principles of circRNA biology can be adapted to study circRNAs in models of drug exposure and seek to provide further insight into the neurobiology of addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie E Daws
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Neural Sciences, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Aria Gillespie
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Neural Sciences, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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17
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Lau Zajaczkowski E, Zhao Q, Liau WS, Gong H, Umanda Madugalle S, Periyakaruppiah A, Jane Leighton L, Musgrove M, Ren H, Davies J, Robert Marshall P, William Bredy T. Localised Cdr1as activity is required for fear extinction memory. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2023:107777. [PMID: 37257557 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2023.107777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) comprise a novel class of regulatory RNAs that are abundant in the brain, particularly within synapses. They are highly stable, dynamically regulated, and display a range of functions, including serving as decoys for microRNAs and proteins and, in some cases, circRNAs also undergo translation. Early work in animal models revealed an association between circRNAs and neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders; however, little is known about the link between circRNA function and memory. To address this, we examined circRNA in synaptosomes derived from the medial prefrontal cortex of fear extinction-trained male C57BL/6J mice and found 12837 circRNAs that were enriched at the synapse, including cerebellar degeneration-related protein 1 antisense RNA (Cdr1as). Targeted knockdown of Cdr1as in the neural processes of the infralimbic cortex led to impaired fear extinction memory. These findings highlight the involvement of localised circRNA activity at the synapse in memory formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmi Lau Zajaczkowski
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Qiongyi Zhao
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Wei-Siang Liau
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Hao Gong
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Ambika Periyakaruppiah
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Laura Jane Leighton
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mason Musgrove
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Haobin Ren
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Joshua Davies
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Paul Robert Marshall
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Genome Sciences and Cancer Division & Eccles Institute of Neuroscience, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
| | - Timothy William Bredy
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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18
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Soutschek M, Schratt G. Non-coding RNA in the wiring and remodeling of neural circuits. Neuron 2023:S0896-6273(23)00341-0. [PMID: 37230080 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The brain constantly adapts to changes in the environment, a capability that underlies memory and behavior. Long-term adaptations require the remodeling of neural circuits that are mediated by activity-dependent alterations in gene expression. Over the last two decades, it has been shown that the expression of protein-coding genes is significantly regulated by a complex layer of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) interactions. The aim of this review is to summarize recent discoveries regarding the functional involvement of ncRNAs during different stages of neural circuit development, activity-dependent circuit remodeling, and circuit maladapations underlying neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. In addition to the intensively studied microRNA (miRNA) family, we focus on more recently added ncRNA classes, such as long ncRNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs), and discuss the complex regulatory interactions between these different RNAs. We conclude by discussing the potential relevance of ncRNAs for cell-type and -state-specific regulation in the context of memory formation, the evolution of human cognitive abilities, and the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic tools in brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Soutschek
- Laboratory of Systems Neuroscience, Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Health Science and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology ETH, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gerhard Schratt
- Laboratory of Systems Neuroscience, Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Health Science and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology ETH, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
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19
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Dong X, Bai Y, Liao Z, Gritsch D, Liu X, Wang T, Borges-Monroy R, Ehrlich A, Serano GE, Feany MB, Beach TG, Scherzer CR. Circular RNAs in the human brain are tailored to neuron identity and neuropsychiatric disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.01.535194. [PMID: 37066229 PMCID: PMC10103951 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.01.535194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about circular RNAs (circRNAs) in specific brain cells and human neuropsychiatric disease. Here, we systematically identified over 11,039 circRNAs expressed in vulnerable dopamine and pyramidal neurons laser-captured from 190 human brains and non-neuronal cells using ultra-deep, total RNA sequencing. 1,526 and 3,308 circRNAs were custom-tailored to the cell identity of dopamine and pyramidal neurons and enriched in synapse pathways. 88% of Parkinson's and 80% of Alzheimer's disease-associated genes produced circRNAs. circDNAJC6, produced from a juvenile-onset Parkinson's gene, was already dysregulated during prodromal, onset stages of common Parkinson's disease neuropathology. Globally, addiction-associated genes preferentially produced circRNAs in dopamine neurons, autism-associated genes in pyramidal neurons, and cancers in non-neuronal cells. This study shows that circular RNAs in the human brain are tailored to neuron identity and implicate circRNA- regulated synaptic specialization in neuropsychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianjun Dong
- APDA Center for Advanced Parkinson Disease Research, Harvard Medical School, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Precision Neurology Program, Harvard Medical School and Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Hub, Harvard Medical School and Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815
| | - Yunfei Bai
- APDA Center for Advanced Parkinson Disease Research, Harvard Medical School, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Precision Neurology Program, Harvard Medical School and Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- State Key Lab of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhixiang Liao
- APDA Center for Advanced Parkinson Disease Research, Harvard Medical School, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Precision Neurology Program, Harvard Medical School and Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Gritsch
- APDA Center for Advanced Parkinson Disease Research, Harvard Medical School, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Precision Neurology Program, Harvard Medical School and Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- APDA Center for Advanced Parkinson Disease Research, Harvard Medical School, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Precision Neurology Program, Harvard Medical School and Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Zhejiang Hospital, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tao Wang
- APDA Center for Advanced Parkinson Disease Research, Harvard Medical School, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Precision Neurology Program, Harvard Medical School and Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rebeca Borges-Monroy
- APDA Center for Advanced Parkinson Disease Research, Harvard Medical School, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Precision Neurology Program, Harvard Medical School and Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alyssa Ehrlich
- APDA Center for Advanced Parkinson Disease Research, Harvard Medical School, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Precision Neurology Program, Harvard Medical School and Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Mel B. Feany
- Departement of Pathology, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Clemens R. Scherzer
- APDA Center for Advanced Parkinson Disease Research, Harvard Medical School, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Precision Neurology Program, Harvard Medical School and Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815
- Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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20
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Zhang M, Suo Z, Qu Y, Zheng Y, Xu W, Zhang B, Wang Q, Wu L, Li S, Cheng Y, Xiao T, Zheng H, Ni C. Construction and analysis of circular RNA-associated competing endogenous RNA network in the hippocampus of aged mice for the occurrence of postoperative cognitive dysfunction. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1098510. [PMID: 37051377 PMCID: PMC10084838 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1098510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs are highly stable single-stranded circular RNAs and enriched in the brain. Previous studies showed that circRNAs, as part of competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) network, play an important role in neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. However, the mechanism of circRNA-related ceRNA networks in postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) has not been elucidated yet. POCD usually occurs in elderly patients and is characterized by hippocampal dysfunction. Here, aged C57BL/6 mice were subjected to exploratory laparotomy under sevoflurane anesthesia, and this POCD model was verified by Morris water maze test. Whole-transcriptome sequencing was performed on the hippocampus of control group (Con) and surgery group. One hundred and seventy-seven DEcircRNAs, 221 DEmiRNAs and 2,052 DEmRNAs were identified between two groups. A ceRNA network was established with 92 DEcircRNAs having binding sites with 76 DEmiRNAs and 549 target DEmRNAs. In functional enrichment analysis, a pathological pattern of POCD was highlighted in the ceRNA network: Abnormal metabolic process in neural cells, including oxygen metabolism, could promote apoptosis and then affect the synaptic function, which may undermine the neural plasticity and eventually lead to changes in cognitive function and other behavioral patterns. In conclusion, this specific ceRNA network of circRNAs–miRNAs–mRNAs has provided novel insights into the regulatory mechanisms of POCD and revealed potential therapeutic gene targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zizheng Suo
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yinyin Qu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxiang Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjie Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bowen Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Linxin Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shuai Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yaozhong Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Hui Zheng,
| | - Cheng Ni
- Department of Anesthesiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Cheng Ni,
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21
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Chen Z, Liu Y, Wu X, Lin W, Liu Z, Huang Y, Chen Y, Tang Y, Chen A, Lin C. Spinal CircKcnk9 Regulates Chronic Visceral Hypersensitivity of Irritable Bowel Syndrome. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2023; 24:463-477. [PMID: 36257575 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2022.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of circular RNAs (circRNAs) has been reported to be functionally associated with chronic pain, but it is unknown whether and how circRNAs participate in visceral hypersensitivity. The expression of circKcnk9 was increased in spinal neurons of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)-like rats. ShcircKcnk9 attenuated visceral hypersensitivity and inhibited c-Fos expression in IBS-like rats, whereas overexpression of spinal circKcnk9 induced visceral hypersensitivity and increased c-Fos expression in control rats. Furthermore, circKcnk9 was found to act as a miR-124-3p sponge. MiR-124-3p antagomir restored pain responses downregulated by shcircKcnk9 in IBS-like rats. Finally, the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), validated as a target of miR-124-3p, could play a critical role in visceral hypersensitivity by regulating NSF/GluR2. PERSPECTIVE: Spinal circKcnk9 functions as a miR-124-3p sponge to promote visceral hypersensitivity by regulating the STAT3/NSF/GluR2 pathway. This pathway might provide a novel epigenetic mechanism of visceral hypersensitivity and a potential circRNA therapeutic target for IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Chen
- Pain Research Institute, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Pain Research Institute, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xianhe Wu
- Pain Research Institute, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Wei Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zihan Liu
- Pain Research Institute, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yang Huang
- Pain Research Institute, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Pain Research Institute, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Ying Tang
- Pain Research Institute, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Aiqin Chen
- Pain Research Institute, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Chun Lin
- Pain Research Institute, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.; Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China..
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22
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Papageorgiou G, Amoah SK, Pierotti C, Otero M, Eckel S, Coffey K, Allan AM, Caldwell KK, Mellios N. Prenatal alcohol exposure results in brain region- and sex-specific changes in circHomer1 expression in adult mouse brain. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1087950. [PMID: 36875647 PMCID: PMC9983553 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1087950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a novel category of covalently-closed non-coding RNAs mainly derived from the back-splicing of exons or introns of protein-coding genes. In addition to their inherent high overall stability, circRNAs, have been shown to have strong functional effects on gene expression via a multitude of transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms. Furthermore, circRNAs, appear to be particularly enriched in the brain and able to influence both prenatal development and postnatal brain function. However, little is known about the potential involvement of circRNAs in the long term influence of prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) in the brain and their relevance for Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD). Using circRNA-specific quantification, we have found that circHomer1, an activity-dependent circRNA derived from Homer protein homolog 1 (Homer1) and enriched in postnatal brain, is significantly down-regulated in the male frontal cortex and hippocampus of mice subjected to modest PAE. Our data further suggest that the expression of H19, an imprinted embryonic brain-enriched long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), is significantly up-regulated in the frontal cortex of male PAE mice. Furthermore, we show opposing changes in the developmental- and brain region specific- expression of circHomer1 and H19. Lastly, we show that knockdown of H19 results in robust increases in circHomer1 but not linear HOMER1 mRNA expression in human glioblastoma cell lines. Taken together, our work uncovers notable sex- and brain region-specific alterations in circRNA and lncRNA expression following PAE and introduces novel mechanistic insights with potential relevance to FASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grigorios Papageorgiou
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Stephen K. Amoah
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Caroline Pierotti
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Madison Otero
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Sophie Eckel
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Kacie Coffey
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Andrea M. Allan
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Kevin K. Caldwell
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Nikolaos Mellios
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, United States
- Autophagy, Inflammation, and Metabolism (AIM) Center, Albuquerque, NM, United States
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23
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Yu X, Liu H, Chang N, Fu W, Guo Z, Wang Y. Circular RNAs: New players involved in the regulation of cognition and cognitive diseases. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1097878. [PMID: 36816112 PMCID: PMC9932922 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1097878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a type of covalently closed endogenous single-stranded RNA, have been regarded as the byproducts of the aberrant splicing of genes without any biological functions. Recently, with the development of high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics, thousands of circRNAs and their differential biological functions have been identified. Except for the great advances in identifying circRNA roles in tumor progression, diagnosis, and treatment, accumulated evidence shows that circRNAs are enriched in the brain, especially in the synapse, and dynamically change with the development or aging of organisms. Because of the specific roles of synapses in higher-order cognitive functions, circRNAs may not only participate in cognitive functions in normal physiological conditions but also lead to cognition-related diseases after abnormal regulation of their expression or location. Thus, in this review, we summarized the progress of studies looking at the role of circRNA in cognitive function, as well as their involvement in the occurrence, development, prognosis, and treatment of cognitive-related diseases, including autism, depression, and Alzheimer's diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohan Yu
- School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Haoyu Liu
- School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Ning Chang
- School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Weijia Fu
- School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Zhiwen Guo
- School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yue Wang
- School of Clinical and Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China,Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China,*Correspondence: Yue Wang,
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24
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CircAMOTL1 RNA and AMOTL1 Protein: Complex Functions of AMOTL1 Gene Products. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032103. [PMID: 36768425 PMCID: PMC9916871 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The complexity of the cellular proteome facilitates the control of a wide range of cellular processes. Non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs, greatly contribute to the repertoire of tools used by cells to orchestrate various functions. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) constitute a specific class of non-coding RNAs that have recently emerged as a widely generated class of molecules produced from many eukaryotic genes that play essential roles in regulating cellular processes in health and disease. This review summarizes current knowledge about circRNAs and focuses on the functions of AMOTL1 circRNAs and AMOTL1 protein. Both products from the AMOTL1 gene have well-known functions in physiology, cancer, and other disorders. Using AMOTL1 as an example, we illustrate how focusing on both circRNAs and proteins produced from the same gene contributes to a better understanding of gene functions.
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25
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Zhang X, Yang S, Han S, Sun Y, Han M, Zheng X, Li F, Wei Y, Wang Y, Bi J. Differential methylation of circRNA m6A in an APP/PS1 Alzheimer's disease mouse model. Mol Med Rep 2023; 27:55. [PMID: 36660942 PMCID: PMC9879070 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2023.12942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurological disease characterized by memory loss and progressive cognitive impairment. The characteristic AD pathologies include extracellular senile plaques formed by β‑amyloid protein deposition, neurofibrillary tangles formed by hyper‑phosphorylation of τ protein and neuronal loss caused by glial cell proliferation. However, the pathogenesis of AD is still unclear. Dysregulation of RNA methylation is associated with biological processes, including neurodevelopment and neurodegenerative disease. N6‑methyladenosine (m6A) is the main modification in eukaryotic RNA and may be associated with the pathophysiology of AD. Circular RNA (circRNA) is a new type of evolutionarily conserved non‑coding RNA without 5'‑cap and 3'‑polyadenylic acid tail. circRNA undergoes m6A RNA methylation and may be involved in the pathogenesis of AD. In the present study, high‑throughput sequencing was performed to assess the degree of circRNA m6A methylation in APP/PS1 AD and C57BL/6 mice. These results suggested that circRNA m6A methylation in AD mice was markedly altered compared to the control group. Furthermore, Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis was used to predict associated pathways; genes with different circRNA m6A methylation in AD mice were associated with 'axon guidance', 'long‑term potentiation', 'glutamatergic synapse', 'cholinergic synapse', 'GABAergic synapse' and 'long‑term depression'. Methylated RNA immunoprecipitation reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR demonstrated that among the eight selected circRNA m6A genes, there were five genes that demonstrated significantly increased methylation and three demonstrated significantly decreased methylation. In summary, the present study indicated that circRNA m6A methylation may be associated with pathogenesis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- Department of Neurological Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Suge Yang
- Department of Neurological Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Song Han
- Department of Neurological Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Sun
- Department of Outpatients, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Min Han
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolei Zheng
- Department of Neurological Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Fan Li
- Department of Neurological Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Yan Wei
- Department of Neurological Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Neurological Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Dr Yun Wang, Department of Neurological Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, 247 Beiyuan Road, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China, E-mail:
| | - Jianzhong Bi
- Department of Neurological Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
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26
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Recent insights into the roles of circular RNAs in human brain development and neurologic diseases. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 225:1038-1048. [PMID: 36410538 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.11.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a novel class of non-coding RNAs. They are single-stranded RNA transcripts characterized with a closed loop structure making them resistant to degrading enzymes. Recently, circRNAs have been suggested with regulatory roles in gene expression involved in controlling various biological processes. Notably, they have demonstrated abundance, dynamic expression, back-splicing events, and spatiotemporally regulation in the human brain. Accordingly, they are expected to be involved in brain functions and related diseases. Studies in animals and human brain have revealed differential expression of circRNAs in brain compartments. Interestingly, contributing roles of circRNAs in the regulation of central nervous system (CNS) development have been demonstrated in a number of studies. It has been proposed that circRNAs play role in substantial neurological functions like neurotransmitter-associated tasks, neural cells maturation, and functions of synapses. Furthermore, 3 main pathways have been identified in association with circRNAs's host genes including axon guidance, Wnt signaling, and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling pathways, which are known to be involved in substantial functions like migration and differentiation of neurons and specification of axons, and thus play role in brain development. In this review, we have an overview to the biogenesis, biological functions of circRNAs, and particularly their roles in human brain development and the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's diseases, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease and brain tumors.
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27
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Guo C, Lv H, Bai Y, Guo M, Li P, Tong S, He K. Circular RNAs in extracellular vesicles: Promising candidate biomarkers for schizophrenia. Front Genet 2023; 13:997322. [PMID: 36685830 PMCID: PMC9852742 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.997322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
As one of common and severe mental illnesses, schizophrenia is difficult to be diagnosed exactly. Both its pathogenesis and the causes of its development are still uncertain because of its etiology complexity. At present, the diagnosis of schizophrenia is mainly based on the patient's symptoms and signs, lacking reliable biomarkers that can be used for diagnosis. Circular RNAs in extracellular vesicles (EV circRNAs) can be used as promising candidate biomarkers for schizophrenia and other diseases, for they are not only high stability and disease specificity, but also are rich in contents and easy to be detected. The review is to focus on the research progress of the correlation between circRNAs and schizophrenia, and then to explores the possibility of EV circRNAs as new biomarkers for the schizophrenia diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Guo
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China
| | - Haibing Lv
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China
| | - Yulong Bai
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China
| | - Meng Guo
- Network Center, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China
| | - Shuping Tong
- Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China
| | - Kuanjun He
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China,*Correspondence: Kuanjun He,
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28
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Noncoding Regulatory RNAs: Isolation and Analysis of Neuronal Circular RNAs and MicroRNAs. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2636:71-83. [PMID: 36881296 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3012-9_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
In addition to expressing a large number of protein-coding transcripts, including alternatively spliced isoforms of the same mRNAs, neurons express a large number of noncoding RNAs. These include microRNAs (miRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), and other regulatory RNAs. The isolation and quantitative analyses of diverse types of RNAs in neurons are critical to understand not only the posttranscriptional mechanisms regulating mRNA levels and their translation but also the potential of several RNAs expressed in the same neurons to regulate these processes by generating networks of competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs). This chapter will describe methods for the isolation and analyses of circRNA and miRNA levels from the same brain tissue sample.
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29
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Glutamatergic dysfunction in Schizophrenia. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:500. [PMID: 36463316 PMCID: PMC9719533 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02253-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The NMDA-R hypofunction model of schizophrenia started with the clinical observation of the precipitation of psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia exposed to PCP or ketamine. Healthy volunteers exposed to acute low doses of ketamine experienced mild psychosis but also negative and cognitive type symptoms reminiscent of the full clinical picture of schizophrenia. In rodents, acute systemic ketamine resulted in a paradoxical increase in extracellular frontal glutamate as well as of dopamine. Similar increase in prefrontal glutamate was documented with acute ketamine in healthy volunteers with 1H-MRS. Furthermore, sub-chronic low dose PCP lead to reductions in frontal dendritic tree density in rodents. In post-mortem ultrastructural studies in schizophrenia, a broad reduction in dendritic complexity and somal volume of pyramidal cells has been repeatedly described. This most likely accounts for the broad, subtle progressive cortical thinning described with MRI in- vivo. Additionally, prefrontal reductions in the obligatory GluN1 subunit of the NMDA-R has been repeatedly found in post-mortem tissue. The vast 1H-MRS literature in schizophrenia has documented trait-like small increases in glutamate concentrations in striatum very early in the illness, before antipsychotic treatment (the same structure where increased pre-synaptic release of dopamine has been reported with PET). The more recent genetic literature has reliably detected very small risk effects for common variants involving several glutamate-related genes. The pharmacological literature has followed two main tracks, directly informed by the NMDA-R hypo model: agonism at the glycine site (as mostly add-on studies targeting negative and cognitive symptoms); and pre-synaptic modulation of glutamatergic release (as single agents for acute psychosis). Unfortunately, both approaches have failed so far. There is little doubt that brain glutamatergic abnormalities are present in schizophrenia and that some of these are related to the etiology of the illness. The genetic literature directly supports a non- specific etiological role for glutamatergic dysfunction. Whether NMDA-R hypofunction as a specific mechanism accounts for any important component of the illness is still not evident. However, a glutamatergic model still has heuristic value to guide future research in schizophrenia. New tools to jointly examine brain glutamatergic, GABA-ergic and dopaminergic systems in-vivo, early in the illness, may lay the ground for a next generation of clinical trials that go beyond dopamine D2 blockade.
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Emerging Roles for the RNA-Binding Protein HuD (ELAVL4) in Nervous System Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232314606. [PMID: 36498933 PMCID: PMC9736382 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232314606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The main goal of this review is to provide an updated overview of the involvement of the RNA-binding protein (RBP) HuD, encoded by the ELAVL4 gene, in nervous system development, maintenance, and function, and its emerging role in nervous system diseases. A particular focus is on recent studies reporting altered HuD levels, or activity, in disease models and patients. Substantial evidence suggests HuD involvement in Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Interestingly, while possible disease-causing mutations in the ELAVL4 gene remain elusive, a common theme in these diseases seems to be the altered regulation of HuD at multiple steps, including post-transcriptional and post-translational levels. In turn, the changed activity of HuD can have profound implications for its target transcripts, which are overly stabilized in case of HuD gain of function (as proposed in PD and ALS) or reduced in case of decreased HuD binding (as suggested by some studies in AD). Moreover, the recent discovery that HuD is a component of pathological cytoplasmic inclusion in both familial and sporadic ALS patients might help uncover the common molecular mechanisms underlying such complex diseases. We believe that deepening our understanding of the involvement of HuD in neurodegeneration could help developing new diagnostic and therapeutic tools.
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31
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Plumbly W, Patikas N, Field SF, Foskolou S, Metzakopian E. Derivation of nociceptive sensory neurons from hiPSCs with early patterning and temporally controlled NEUROG2 overexpression. CELL REPORTS METHODS 2022; 2:100341. [PMID: 36452863 PMCID: PMC9701618 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2022.100341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Despite development of protocols to differentiate human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), those used to produce sensory neurons remain difficult to replicate and result in heterogenous populations. There is a growing clinical burden of chronic pain conditions, highlighting the need for relevant human cellular models. This study presents a hybrid differentiation method to produce nociceptive sensory neurons from hPSCs. Lines harboring an inducible NEUROG2 construct were patterned toward precursors with small molecules followed by NEUROG2 overexpression. Neurons expressed key markers, including BRN3A and ISL1, with single-cell RNA sequencing, revealing populations of nociceptors expressing SCN9A and TRP channels. Physiological profiling with multi-electrode arrays revealed that neurons responded to noxious stimuli, including capsaicin. Finally, we modeled pain-like states to identify genes and pathways involved in pain transduction. This study presents an optimized method to efficiently produce nociceptive sensory neurons and provides a tool to aid development of chronic pain research.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Plumbly
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
- Open Targets, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Nikolaos Patikas
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
| | - Sarah F. Field
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
- Open Targets, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Stefanie Foskolou
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
- Open Targets, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Emmanouil Metzakopian
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0AH, UK
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32
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Transcriptomic Studies of Antidepressant Action in Rodent Models of Depression: A First Meta-Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113543. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Antidepressants (ADs) are, for now, the best everyday treatment we have for moderate to severe major depressive episodes (MDEs). ADs are among the most prescribed drugs in the Western Hemisphere; however, the trial-and-error prescription strategy and side-effects leave a lot to be desired. More than 60% of patients suffering from major depression fail to respond to the first AD they are prescribed. For those who respond, full response is only observed after several weeks of treatment. In addition, there are no biomarkers that could help with therapeutic decisions; meanwhile, this is already true in cancer and other fields of medicine. For years, many investigators have been working to decipher the underlying mechanisms of AD response. Here, we provide the first systematic review of animal models. We thoroughly searched all the studies involving rodents, profiling transcriptomic alterations consecutive to AD treatment in naïve animals or in animals subjected to stress-induced models of depression. We have been confronted by an important heterogeneity regarding the drugs and the experimental settings. Thus, we perform a meta-analysis of the AD signature of fluoxetine (FLX) in the hippocampus, the most studied target. Among genes and pathways consistently modulated across species, we identify both old players of AD action and novel transcriptional biomarker candidates that warrant further investigation. We discuss the most prominent transcripts (immediate early genes and activity-dependent synaptic plasticity pathways). We also stress the need for systematic studies of AD action in animal models that span across sex, peripheral and central tissues, and pharmacological classes.
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Liu W, Liang W, Xiong XP, Li JL, Zhou R. A circular RNA Edis-Relish-castor axis regulates neuronal development in Drosophila. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010433. [PMID: 36301831 PMCID: PMC9612563 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a new group of noncoding/regulatory RNAs that are particularly abundant in the nervous system, however, their physiological functions are underexplored. Here we report that the brain-enriched circular RNA Edis (Ect4-derived immune suppressor) plays an essential role in neuronal development in Drosophila. We show that depletion of Edis in vivo causes defects in axonal projection patterns of mushroom body (MB) neurons in the brain, as well as impaired locomotor activity and shortened lifespan of adult flies. In addition, we find that the castor gene, which encodes a transcription factor involved in neurodevelopment, is upregulated in Edis knockdown neurons. Notably, castor overexpression phenocopies Edis knockdown, and reducing castor levels suppresses the neurodevelopmental phenotypes in Edis-depleted neurons. Furthermore, chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis reveals that the transcription factor Relish, which plays a key role in regulating innate immunity signaling, occupies a pair of sites at the castor promoter, and that both sites are required for optimal castor gene activation by either immune challenge or Edis depletion. Lastly, Relish mutation and/or depletion can rescue both the castor gene hyperactivation phenotype and neuronal defects in Edis knockdown animals. We conclude that the circular RNA Edis acts through Relish and castor to regulate neuronal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Cancer and Blood Disorders Institute, Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, St. Petersburg, Florida, United States of America
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, St. Petersburg, Florida, United States of America
| | - Weihong Liang
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Cancer and Blood Disorders Institute, Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, St. Petersburg, Florida, United States of America
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, St. Petersburg, Florida, United States of America
| | - Xiao-Peng Xiong
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Jian-Liang Li
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Rui Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Cancer and Blood Disorders Institute, Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, St. Petersburg, Florida, United States of America
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, St. Petersburg, Florida, United States of America
- Tumor Initiation and Maintenance Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Analyses of circRNA Expression throughout the Light-Dark Cycle Reveal a Strong Regulation of Cdr1as, Associated with Light Entrainment in the SCN. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012347. [PMID: 36293208 PMCID: PMC9604060 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a large class of relatively stable RNA molecules that are highly expressed in animal brains. Many circRNAs have been associated with CNS disorders accompanied by an aberrant wake-sleep cycle. However, the regulation of circRNAs in brain homeostasis over daily light-dark (LD) cycles has not been characterized. Here, we aim to quantify the daily expression changes of circRNAs in physiological conditions in healthy adult animals. Using newly generated and public RNA-Seq data, we monitored circRNA expression throughout the 12:12 h LD cycle in various mouse brain regions. We identified that Cdr1as, a conserved circRNA that regulates synaptic transmission, is highly expressed in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the master circadian pacemaker. Despite its high stability, Cdr1as has a very dynamic expression in the SCN throughout the LD cycle, as well as a significant regulation in the hippocampus following the entry into the dark phase. Computational integration of different public datasets predicted that Cdr1as is important for regulating light entrainment in the SCN. We hypothesize that the expression changes of Cdr1as in the SCN, particularly during the dark phase, are associated with light-induced phase shifts. Importantly, our work revises the current beliefs about natural circRNA stability and suggests that the time component must be considered when studying circRNA regulation.
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Shen X, He Y, Ge C. Role of circRNA in pathogenesis of Alzheimer 's disease. ZHONG NAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF CENTRAL SOUTH UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022; 47:960-966. [PMID: 36039594 PMCID: PMC10930285 DOI: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2022.210729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Circular RNA (circRNA) is a covalently closed-loop non-coding RNA that exists widely in the transcriptome of eukaryotic cells. It participates in a variety of pathophysiological processes by acting as a microRNA sponge, regulating the level of protein transcription, and interacting with RNA binding proteins. CircRNA is enriched in the cortex, hippocampus, brain white matter, and photoreceptor neurons of aging bodies, and they can be used as a biomarker for neural senescence. The expression levels of circRNA in peripheral blood and synapses in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients are increased, which are involved in the occurrence and prognosis of AD. Different circRNAs such as HDAC9, Homer1, Cwc27, Tulp4, and PTK2 can lead to AD pathological changes via increasing amyloid-β deposition, promoting tau protein hyperphosphorylation, aggravating neuroinflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction, which result in the cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyang Shen
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China.
| | - Yaling He
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Chaoming Ge
- Department of Neurology, Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730030, China.
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Kristanto D, Liu X, Sommer W, Hildebrandt A, Zhou C. What do neuroanatomical networks reveal about the ontology of human cognitive abilities? iScience 2022; 25:104706. [PMID: 35865139 PMCID: PMC9293763 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decades, cognitive psychology has come to a fair consensus about the human intelligence ontological structure. However, it remains an open question whether anatomical properties of the brain support the same ontology. The present study explored the ontological structure derived from neuroanatomical networks associated with performance on 15 cognitive tasks indicating various abilities. Results suggest that the brain-derived (neurometric) ontology partly agrees with the cognitive performance-derived (psychometric) ontology complemented with interpretable differences. Moreover, the cortical areas associated with different inferred abilities are segregated, with little or no overlap. Nevertheless, these spatially segregated cortical areas are integrated via denser white matter structural connections as compared with the general brain connectome. The integration of ability-related cortical networks constitutes a neural counterpart to the psychometric construct of general intelligence, while the consistency and difference between psychometric and neurometric ontologies represent crucial pieces of knowledge for theory building, clinical diagnostics, and treatment. Psychometric and neurometric cognitive ontologies are partly equivalent Ability-related brain areas are ontologically segregated with little to no overlap However, ability-related brain areas are densely interconnected by fiber tracts
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Singh M, Dwibedy SLL, Biswal SR, Muthuswamy S, Kumar A, Kumar S. Circular RNA: A novel and potential regulator in pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:1309-1316. [PMID: 35435609 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-00978-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (CircRNAs) are a sub-class of non-coding RNA, which are covalently closed at the ends through a non-canonical process called, backsplicing from the precursor linear RNAs. These molecules are involved in several biological phenomena including regulation of gene expression, synaptic plasticity, and cognition. Several studies have shown that circRNA are present abundantly inside the mammalian brain and they are believed to be associated with the development of neurons and neuronal functions. It is also evident that alterations in intracellular and extracellular levels of circRNAs are linked with various neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders including schizophrenia (SZ). Detailed studies of circRNAs are required to decode the molecular mechanism behind the onset of SZ and the related biological activities during disease progression. This can help unravel their role in this neurobehavioral disorder and develop effective therapeutics against the disease. The present review mainly focuses on the expression and activities of the circRNAs in the post-mortem brain, peripheral blood, and exosomes. It also gives an insight into the role of circRNA interaction with RNA binding proteins (RBPs) and nucleotide modification and their therapeutic potential in the context of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandakini Singh
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology (NIT) Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India
| | | | - Smruti Rekha Biswal
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology (NIT) Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India
| | - Srinivasan Muthuswamy
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology (NIT) Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Uttar Pradesh, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology (NIT) Rourkela, Odisha, 769008, India.
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Parmentier T, James FMK, Hewitson E, Bailey C, Werry N, Sheridan SD, Perlis RH, Perreault ML, Gaitero L, Lalonde J, LaMarre J. Human cerebral spheroids undergo 4-aminopyridine-induced, activity associated changes in cellular composition and microrna expression. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9143. [PMID: 35650420 PMCID: PMC9160269 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13071-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Activity-induced neurogenesis has been extensively studied in rodents but the lack of ante mortem accessibility to human brain at the cellular and molecular levels limits studies of the process in humans. Using cerebral spheroids derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), we investigated the effects of 4-aminopyridine (4AP) on neuronal activity and associated neurogenesis. Our studies demonstrate that 4AP increases neuronal activity in 3-month-old cerebral spheroids while increasing numbers of new neurons and decreasing the population of new glial cells. We also observed a significant decrease in the expression of miR-135a, which has previously been shown to be decreased in exercise-induced neurogenesis. Predicted targets of miR-135a include key participants in the SMAD2/3 and BDNF pathways. Together, our results suggest that iPSC-derived cerebral spheroids are an attractive model to study several aspects of activity-induced neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Parmentier
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.,Département de Sciences Cliniques, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Fiona M K James
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Hewitson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Craig Bailey
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Nicholas Werry
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Steven D Sheridan
- Center for Quantitative Health, Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roy H Perlis
- Center for Quantitative Health, Center for Genomic Medicine and Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Melissa L Perreault
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Luis Gaitero
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Jasmin Lalonde
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Biological Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Jonathan LaMarre
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada.
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Liao F, Zhu L, Yang J, Wu X, Zhao Z, Xu B, Zhong Q, Wen Z, Long J, Su L. Whole Transcriptome Sequencing Identified CircRNA Profiles and the Related Networks in Schizophrenia. J Mol Neurosci 2022; 72:1622-1635. [PMID: 35543802 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-022-02013-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a complex psychiatric syndrome with uncertain etiology. This study aimed to uncover the expression profiles and related regulatory networks of circular RNA (circRNA) in SCZ. Whole transcriptome sequencing was performed to assess the expression profiles of circRNAs and microRNAs (miRNAs) in the peripheral blood of three patients with SCZ and three healthy controls. Five circRNAs were validated by quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR). TargetScan, RNAhybrid, and miRanda were performed to predict the target miRNAs of the top 10 dysregulated circRNAs. MiRTarBase was applied to predict the target mRNAs of miRNAs to construct circRNA-miRNA-mRNA (ceRNA) networks. CatRAPID and StarBase were used to predict the target RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) of circRNAs to construct circRNA-RBP networks. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses were performed to predict the potential functions of the maternal genes of circRNAs and target mRNAs. In total, 450 circRNAs and 160 miRNAs were found to be significantly differentially expressed, with hsa_circ_0003999 and hsa_circ_0030042 being significantly different between patients with SCZ and healthy controls (P < 0.05). The PI3K-AKT, MAPK, and cell cycle pathways were predicted to be associated with SCZ. GO analysis showed that focal adhesion was related to SCZ. The ceRNA networks, especially hsa_circ_0006151/hsa-miR-4685-3p/ZBTB16, hsa_circ_0000008/hsa-miR-1976/ZBTB16, and the hsa_circ_0007963/hsa-miR-3127-3p/UBE2K axes have the greatest probability of being involved in the pathophysiology of SCZ. The RBP networks, FXR1, FXR2, DGCR8, XRN2, FMR1, and QKI were the RBPs associated with SCZ. In conclusion, the circRNAs, ceRNAs, and RBP network expression patterns and related pathways indicate the potential role of circRNAs in the pathogenesis and development of SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangping Liao
- School of Public Health of Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Lulu Zhu
- School of Public Health of Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Jialei Yang
- School of Public Health of Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Xulong Wu
- School of Public Health of Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhi Zhao
- School of Public Health of Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Bingyi Xu
- School of Public Health of Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Qingqing Zhong
- School of Public Health of Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Zheng Wen
- School of Public Health of Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Jianxiong Long
- School of Public Health of Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
| | - Li Su
- School of Public Health of Guangxi Medical University, 22 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
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de Bartolomeis A, Barone A, Buonaguro EF, Tomasetti C, Vellucci L, Iasevoli F. The Homer1 family of proteins at the crossroad of dopamine-glutamate signaling: An emerging molecular "Lego" in the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders. A systematic review and translational insight. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 136:104596. [PMID: 35248676 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Once considered only scaffolding proteins at glutamatergic postsynaptic density (PSD), Homer1 proteins are increasingly emerging as multimodal adaptors that integrate different signal transduction pathways within PSD, involved in motor and cognitive functions, with putative implications in psychiatric disorders. Regulation of type I metabotropic glutamate receptor trafficking, modulation of calcium signaling, tuning of long-term potentiation, organization of dendritic spines' growth, as well as meta- and homeostatic plasticity control are only a few of the multiple endocellular and synaptic functions that have been linked to Homer1. Findings from preclinical studies, as well as genetic studies conducted in humans, suggest that both constitutive (Homer1b/c) and inducible (Homer1a) isoforms of Homer1 play a role in the neurobiology of several psychiatric disorders, including psychosis, mood disorders, neurodevelopmental disorders, and addiction. On this background, Homer1 has been proposed as a putative novel target in psychopharmacological treatments. The aim of this review is to summarize and systematize the growing body of evidence on Homer proteins, highlighting the role of Homer1 in the pathophysiology and therapy of mental diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea de Bartolomeis
- Laboratory of Translational and Molecular Psychiatry and Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, University School of Medicine "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
| | - Annarita Barone
- Laboratory of Translational and Molecular Psychiatry and Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, University School of Medicine "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Filomena Buonaguro
- Laboratory of Translational and Molecular Psychiatry and Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, University School of Medicine "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Carmine Tomasetti
- Laboratory of Translational and Molecular Psychiatry and Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, University School of Medicine "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Licia Vellucci
- Laboratory of Translational and Molecular Psychiatry and Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, University School of Medicine "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Felice Iasevoli
- Laboratory of Translational and Molecular Psychiatry and Section of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, University School of Medicine "Federico II", Naples, Italy
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Pamudurti NR, Patop IL, Krishnamoorthy A, Bartok O, Maya R, Lerner N, Ashwall-Fluss R, Konakondla JVV, Beatus T, Kadener S. circMbl functions in cis and in trans to regulate gene expression and physiology in a tissue-specific fashion. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110740. [PMID: 35476987 PMCID: PMC9352392 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscleblind (mbl) is an essential muscle and neuronal splicing regulator. Mbl hosts multiple circular RNAs (circRNAs), including circMbl, which is conserved from flies to humans. Here, we show that mbl-derived circRNAs are key regulators of MBL by cis- and trans-acting mechanisms. By generating fly lines to specifically modulate the levels of all mbl RNA isoforms, including circMbl, we demonstrate that the two major mbl protein isoforms, MBL-O/P and MBL-C, buffer their own levels by producing different types of circRNA isoforms in the eye and fly brain, respectively. Moreover, we show that circMbl has unique functions in trans, as knockdown of circMbl results in specific morphological and physiological phenotypes. In addition, depletion of MBL-C or circMbl results in opposite behavioral phenotypes, showing that they also regulate each other in trans. Together, our results illuminate key aspects of mbl regulation and uncover cis and trans functions of circMbl in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Osnat Bartok
- Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Roni Maya
- The Rachel and Selim Benin School of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel; Department of Neurobiology, The Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Noam Lerner
- The Rachel and Selim Benin School of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel; Department of Neurobiology, The Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Reut Ashwall-Fluss
- Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | | | - Tsevi Beatus
- The Rachel and Selim Benin School of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel; Department of Neurobiology, The Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Sebastian Kadener
- Biology Department, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454, USA; Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel.
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Ran W, Liang N, Yuan R, Wang Z, Gao J. Identification of Potential Key circRNAs in Aged Mice With Postoperative Delirium. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:836534. [PMID: 35493320 PMCID: PMC9047966 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.836534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Postoperative delirium (POD) is a common postoperative complication in elderly patients and seriously affects postoperative recovery. The exact mechanism of POD is still unclear. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the mechanism of POD in transcriptional regulation. At present, circRNAs have been proven to play an important role in a variety of mental health and cognitive disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease, depression and schizophrenia. To reveal the effect of circRNA on POD, we used microarray to analyze the differential expression profiles of circRNAs in the hippocampus of 12-month-old mice between the tibial fracture and control groups. A total of 1,4236 circRNAs were identified. Compared with the control group, there were 500 circRNAs with increased expression and 187 with decreased expression. The accuracy of the microarray data was further verified by qRT–PCR. Finally, GO enrichment and KEGG pathway analyses indicated that changes in axon orientation, ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, glutamate synapses, the estrogen signaling pathway, the RAS signaling pathway and other systems may be important potential pathological mechanisms in the progression of POD. In particular, we found that the HOMER1 gene and its transcript mmu_circRNA_26701 are specifically expressed in the glutamate synapse, which may provide new clues and intervention targets for the progression of this refractory disease.
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Chen Y, Li X, Meng S, Huang S, Chang S, Shi J. Identification of Functional CircRNA–miRNA–mRNA Regulatory Network in Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Neurons of Patients With Cocaine Use Disorder. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:839233. [PMID: 35493321 PMCID: PMC9048414 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.839233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence has indicated that circular RNAs (circRNAs) act as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) regulatory network to regulate the expression of target genes by sponging microRNAs (miRNAs), and therefore play an essential role in many neuropsychiatric disorders, including cocaine use disorder. However, the functional roles and regulatory mechanisms of circRNAs as ceRNAs in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) of patients with cocaine use disorder remain to be determined. In this study, an expression profiling for dlPFC in 19 patients with cocaine use disorder and 17 controls from Gene Expression Omnibus datasets was used for the differentially expressed circRNAs analysis and the differentially expressed mRNAs analysis. Several tools were used to predict the miRNAs targeted by the circRNAs and the miRNAs targeted mRNAs, which then overlapped with the cocaine-associated differentially expressed mRNAs to determine the functional roles of circRNAs. Functional analysis for the obtained mRNAs was performed via Gene Ontology (GO) in Metascape database. Integrated bioinformatics analysis was conducted to further characterize the circRNA–miRNA–mRNA regulatory network and identify the functions of distinct circRNAs. We found a total of 41 differentially expressed circRNAs, and 98 miRNAs were targeted by these circRNAs. The overlapped mRNAs targeted by the miRNAs and the differentially expressed mRNAs constructed a circRNA–miRNA–mRNA regulation network including 24 circRNAs, 43 miRNAs, and 82 mRNAs in the dlPFC of patients with cocaine use disorder. Functional analysis indicated the regulation network mainly participated in cell response-related, receptor signaling-related, protein modification-related and axonogenesis-related pathways, which might be involved with cocaine use disorder. Additionally, we determined four hub genes (HSP90AA1, HSPA1B, YWHAG, and RAB8A) from the protein–protein interaction network and constructed a circRNA–miRNA-hub gene subnetwork based on the four hub genes. In conclusion, our findings provide a deeper understanding of the circRNAs-related ceRNAs regulatory mechanisms in the pathogenesis of cocaine use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug Dependence Research, National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xianfeng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology of Dapping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shiqiu Meng
- Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug Dependence Research, National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shihao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Hunan Province, School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Suhua Chang
- Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Suhua Chang,
| | - Jie Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory on Drug Dependence Research, National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking University, Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Jie Shi,
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Gomes-Duarte A, Venø MT, de Wit M, Senthilkumar K, Broekhoven MH, van den Herik J, Heeres FR, van Rossum D, Rybiczka-Tesulov M, Legnini I, van Rijen PC, van Eijsden P, Gosselaar PH, Rajewsky N, Kjems J, Vangoor VR, Pasterkamp RJ. Expression of Circ_Satb1 Is Decreased in Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy and Regulates Dendritic Spine Morphology. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:832133. [PMID: 35310884 PMCID: PMC8927295 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.832133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) is a chronic disease characterized by recurrent seizures that originate in the temporal lobes of the brain. Anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) are the standard treatment for managing seizures in mTLE patients, but are frequently ineffective. Resective surgery is an option for some patients, but does not guarantee a postoperative seizure-free period. Therefore, further insight is needed into the pathogenesis of mTLE to enable the design of new therapeutic strategies. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been identified as important regulators of neuronal function and have been implicated in epilepsy. However, the mechanisms through which circRNAs contribute to epileptogenesis remain unknown. Here, we determine the circRNA transcriptome of the hippocampus and cortex of mTLE patients by using RNA-seq. We report 333 differentially expressed (DE) circRNAs between healthy individuals and mTLE patients, of which 23 circRNAs displayed significant adjusted p-values following multiple testing correction. Interestingly, hippocampal expression of circ_Satb1, a circRNA derived from special AT-rich sequence binding protein 1 (SATB1), is decreased in both mTLE patients and in experimental epilepsy. Our work shows that circ_Satb1 displays dynamic patterns of neuronal expression in vitro and in vivo. Further, circ_Satb1-specific knockdown using CRISPR/CasRx approaches in hippocampal cultures leads to defects in dendritic spine morphology, a cellular hallmark of mTLE. Overall, our results identify a novel epilepsy-associated circRNA with disease-specific expression and previously unidentified cellular effects that are relevant for epileptogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreia Gomes-Duarte
- Affiliated Partner of the European Reference Network EpiCARE, Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Morten T. Venø
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Omiics ApS, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marina de Wit
- Affiliated Partner of the European Reference Network EpiCARE, Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ketharini Senthilkumar
- Affiliated Partner of the European Reference Network EpiCARE, Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Mark H. Broekhoven
- Affiliated Partner of the European Reference Network EpiCARE, Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Joëlle van den Herik
- Affiliated Partner of the European Reference Network EpiCARE, Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Fleur R. Heeres
- Affiliated Partner of the European Reference Network EpiCARE, Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Daniëlle van Rossum
- Affiliated Partner of the European Reference Network EpiCARE, Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Mateja Rybiczka-Tesulov
- Affiliated Partner of the European Reference Network EpiCARE, Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Ivano Legnini
- Systems Biology of Gene Regulatory Elements, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter C. van Rijen
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Pieter van Eijsden
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Peter H. Gosselaar
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Nikolaus Rajewsky
- Systems Biology of Gene Regulatory Elements, Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jørgen Kjems
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Vamshidhar R. Vangoor
- Affiliated Partner of the European Reference Network EpiCARE, Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - R. Jeroen Pasterkamp
- Affiliated Partner of the European Reference Network EpiCARE, Department of Translational Neuroscience, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: R. Jeroen Pasterkamp,
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Accurate identification of circRNA landscape and complexity reveals their pivotal roles in human oligodendroglia differentiation. Genome Biol 2022; 23:48. [PMID: 35130952 PMCID: PMC8819885 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-022-02621-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a novel class of poorly conserved non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression, are highly enriched in the human brain. Despite increasing discoveries of circRNA function in human neurons, the circRNA landscape and function in developing human oligodendroglia, the myelinating cells that govern neuronal conductance, remains unexplored. Meanwhile, improved experimental and computational tools for the accurate identification of circRNAs are needed. Results We adopt a published experimental approach for circRNA enrichment and develop CARP (CircRNA identification using A-tailing RNase R approach and Pseudo-reference alignment), a comprehensive 21-module computational framework for accurate circRNA identification and quantification. Using CARP, we identify developmentally programmed human oligodendroglia circRNA landscapes in the HOG oligodendroglioma cell line, distinct from neuronal circRNA landscapes. Numerous circRNAs display oligodendroglia-specific regulation upon differentiation, among which a subclass is regulated independently from their parental mRNAs. We find that circRNA flanking introns often contain cis-regulatory elements for RNA editing and are predicted to bind differentiation-regulated splicing factors. In addition, we discover novel oligodendroglia-specific circRNAs that are predicted to sponge microRNAs, which co-operatively promote oligodendroglia development. Furthermore, we identify circRNA clusters derived from differentiation-regulated alternative circularization events within the same gene, each containing a common circular exon, achieving additive sponging effects that promote human oligodendroglia differentiation. Conclusions Our results reveal dynamic regulation of human oligodendroglia circRNA landscapes during early differentiation and suggest critical roles of the circRNA-miRNA-mRNA axis in advancing human oligodendroglia development. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13059-022-02621-1.
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Floris G, Gillespie A, Zanda MT, Dabrowski KR, Sillivan SE. Heroin Regulates Orbitofrontal Circular RNAs. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1453. [PMID: 35163373 PMCID: PMC8836038 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of drug overdose deaths involving opioids continues to rise in the United States. Many patients with opioid use disorder (OUD) that seek treatment still experience relapse. Perseverant opioid seeking behaviors represent a major challenge to treating OUD and additional therapeutic development will require insight into opioid-induced neurobiological adaptations. In this study, we explored the regulation of a novel class of RNAs, circular RNAs (circRNAs), by the addictive opioid heroin in the rat orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), a brain region that mediates behavioral responses to rewarding stimuli. Microarray analysis identified 76 OFC circRNAs significantly regulated in male rats after heroin self-administration. We evaluated the specificity of these findings by measuring heroin-associated circRNA expression in female rats after heroin self-administration and in rats that self-administered sucrose. We identify circGrin2b, circUbe2cp, circAnks1a, circAdcy5 and circSlc24A2 as heroin-responsive circRNAs in the OFC. Linear mRNA levels of heroin-associated circRNAs were unchanged except for Grin2b and Adcy5. An integrated bioinformatics analysis of regulated circRNAs identified microRNAs predicted to bind heroin-associated circRNAs and downstream targets of circRNA: microRNA sponging. Thus, heroin regulates the expression of OFC RNA splice variants that circularize and may impact cellular processes that contribute to the neurobiological adaptations that arise from chronic heroin exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Floris
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (G.F.); (A.G.); (M.T.Z.); (K.R.D.)
- Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Aria Gillespie
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (G.F.); (A.G.); (M.T.Z.); (K.R.D.)
- Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Mary Tresa Zanda
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (G.F.); (A.G.); (M.T.Z.); (K.R.D.)
- Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Konrad R. Dabrowski
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (G.F.); (A.G.); (M.T.Z.); (K.R.D.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA
| | - Stephanie E. Sillivan
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (G.F.); (A.G.); (M.T.Z.); (K.R.D.)
- Department of Neural Sciences, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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Zhang Y, Li J, Cui Q, Hu P, Hu S, Qian Y. Circular RNA hsa_circ_0006091 as a novel biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma. Bioengineered 2022; 13:1988-2003. [PMID: 35068348 PMCID: PMC8973770 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2006952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are stable and extensively distributed non-coding RNA molecules that are differentially expressed in liver cancer tissues in the human body. In this study, we aimed to investigate circRNA as a novel candidate biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). For three groups of HCC and neighboring healthy tissues, the differentially expressed circRNAs were identified through high-throughput sequencing analysis. Reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) were employed for the evaluation of circRNAs that show an elevated expression level in HCC. The obtained results revealed the significantly differential expression of hsa_circ_0006091 in HCC. Then we obtained their target genes through biological analysis, followed by verifying the underlined target genes, and the regulator of G-protein signaling 12 (RGS12) showed an elevated expression level in HCC tissues. Finally, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was conducted on AFP, RGS12, and hsa_circ_0006091, and combined analysis was performed. Furthermore, hsa_circ_0006091 is a novel candidate biomarker for HCC and could improve the diagnostic strategies, prediction, and follow-up of HCC patients. The joint diagnosis of the hsa_circ_0006091&AFP and hsa_circ_0006091&RGS12 has diagnostic significance and can be used as a molecular marker for HCC diagnosis. Abbreviations: AUC:area under the ROC curve; ROC:Receptor Operating Characteristics; bp:base pair;mRNA:Messenger Ribonucleic acid;ceRNA:Competing endogenous RNA; RT-qPCR: Real time-quantitativen PCR technology; circRNA: circular RNA; HCC:Hepatocellular carcinoma;miRNA:microRNA;KEGG:Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes; RGS12:regulator of G-protein signaling 12; AFP:alpha fetoprotein; ncRNAs:non-coding RNAs; GEO:Gene Expression Omnibus; FDR:false discovery rate
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongwei Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal surgery, Anqing First People’s Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Anhui 246004, China
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China
| | - Quanwei Cui
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China
| | - Panyi Hu
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China
| | - Shuangjiu Hu
- Department of Gastrointestinal surgery, Anqing First People’s Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Anhui 246004, China
| | - Yeben Qian
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230001, China
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48
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Hafez AK, Zimmerman AJ, Papageorgiou G, Chandrasekaran J, Amoah SK, Lin R, Lozano E, Pierotti C, Dell'Orco M, Hartley BJ, Alural B, Lalonde J, Esposito JM, Berretta S, Squassina A, Chillotti C, Voloudakis G, Shao Z, Fullard JF, Brennand KJ, Turecki G, Roussos P, Perlis RH, Haggarty SJ, Perrone-Bizzozero N, Brigman JL, Mellios N. A bidirectional competitive interaction between circHomer1 and Homer1b within the orbitofrontal cortex regulates reversal learning. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110282. [PMID: 35045295 PMCID: PMC8809079 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although circular RNAs (circRNAs) are enriched in the brain, their relevance for brain function and psychiatric disorders is poorly understood. Here, we show that circHomer1 is inversely associated with relative HOMER1B mRNA isoform levels in both the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and stem-cell-derived neuronal cultures of subjects with psychiatric disorders. We further demonstrate that in vivo circHomer1 knockdown (KD) within the OFC can inhibit the synaptic expression of Homer1b mRNA. Furthermore, we show that circHomer1 directly binds to Homer1b mRNA and that Homer1b-specific KD increases synaptic circHomer1 levels and improves OFC-mediated behavioral flexibility. Importantly, double circHomer1 and Homer1b in vivo co-KD results in a complete rescue in circHomer1-associated alterations in both chance reversal learning and synaptic gene expression. Lastly, we uncover an RNA-binding protein that can directly bind to circHomer1 and promote its biogenesis. Taken together, our data provide mechanistic insights into the importance of circRNAs in brain function and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander K Hafez
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA; Autophagy Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biomedical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Amber J Zimmerman
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Grigorios Papageorgiou
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | | | - Stephen K Amoah
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA; Autophagy Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biomedical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Rixing Lin
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Evelyn Lozano
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Caroline Pierotti
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Michela Dell'Orco
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Brigham J Hartley
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Friedman Brain Institute, Departments of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Neuroscience, and Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Begüm Alural
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Chemical Neurobiology Laboratory, Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jasmin Lalonde
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Chemical Neurobiology Laboratory, Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Sabina Berretta
- Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Mclean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alessio Squassina
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Caterina Chillotti
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Agency of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Georgios Voloudakis
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, New York, NY, USA; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, New York, NY, USA; Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, New York, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zhiping Shao
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, New York, NY, USA; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, New York, NY, USA; Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, New York, NY, USA
| | - John F Fullard
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, New York, NY, USA; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, New York, NY, USA; Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kristen J Brennand
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, Friedman Brain Institute, Departments of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Neuroscience, and Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gustavo Turecki
- McGill Group for Suicide Studies, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Panos Roussos
- Pamela Sklar Division of Psychiatric Genomics, New York, NY, USA; Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, New York, NY, USA; Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, New York, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Centers, James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Roy H Perlis
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Experimental Drugs and Diagnostics, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephen J Haggarty
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Chemical Neurobiology Laboratory, Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nora Perrone-Bizzozero
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Jonathan L Brigman
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Nikolaos Mellios
- Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA; Autophagy Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biomedical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA.
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Insights into the multifaceted role of circular RNAs: implications for Parkinson's disease pathogenesis and diagnosis. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2022; 8:7. [PMID: 35013342 PMCID: PMC8748951 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-021-00265-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex, age-related, neurodegenerative disease whose etiology, pathology, and clinical manifestations remain incompletely understood. As a result, care focuses primarily on symptoms relief. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a large class of mostly noncoding RNAs that accumulate with aging in the brain and are increasingly shown to regulate all aspects of neuronal and glial development and function. They are generated by the spliceosome through the backsplicing of linear RNA. Although their biological role remains largely unknown, they have been shown to regulate transcription and splicing, act as decoys for microRNAs and RNA binding proteins, used as templates for translation, and serve as scaffolding platforms for signaling components. Considering that they are stable, diverse, and detectable in easily accessible biofluids, they are deemed promising biomarkers for diagnosing diseases. CircRNAs are differentially expressed in the brain of patients with PD, and growing evidence suggests that they regulate PD pathogenetic processes. Here, the biogenesis, expression, degradation, and detection of circRNAs, as well as their proposed functions, are reviewed. Thereafter, research linking circRNAs to PD-related processes, including aging, alpha-synuclein dysregulation, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress is highlighted, followed by recent evidence for their use as prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers for PD.
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50
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Du M, Wu C, Yu R, Cheng Y, Tang Z, Wu B, Fu J, Tan W, Zhou Q, Zhu Z, Balawi E, Huang X, Ma J, Liao ZB. A novel circular RNA, circIgfbp2, links neural plasticity and anxiety through targeting mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress-induced synapse dysfunction after traumatic brain injury. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:4575-4589. [PMID: 35918398 PMCID: PMC9734054 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01711-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can lead to different neurological and psychiatric disorders. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are highly expressed in the nervous system and enriched in synapses; yet, the underlying role and mechanisms of circRNAs in neurological impairment and dysfunction are still not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the expression of circRNAs and their relation with neurological dysfunction after TBI. RNA-Seq was used to detect differentially expressed circRNAs in injured brain tissue, revealing that circIgfbp2 was significantly increased. Up-regulated hsa_circ_0058195, which was highly homologous to circIgfbp2, was further confirmed in the cerebral cortex specimens and serum samples of patients after TBI. Moreover, correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between hsa_circ_0058195 levels and the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale scores in these subjects. Furthermore, knockdown of circIgfbp2 in mice relieved anxiety-like behaviors and sleep disturbances induced by TBI. Knockdown of circIgfbp2 in H2O2 treated HT22 cells alleviated mitochondrial dysfunction, while its overexpression reversed the process. Mechanistically, we discovered that circIgfbp2 targets miR-370-3p to regulate BACH1, and down-regulating BACH1 alleviated mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress-induced synapse dysfunction. In conclusion, inhibition of circIgfbp2 alleviated mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress-induced synapse dysfunction after TBI through the miR-370-3p/BACH1/HO-1 axis. Thus, circIgfbp2 might be a novel therapeutic target for anxiety and sleep disorders after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengran Du
- grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XDepartment of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Chenrui Wu
- grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XDepartment of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Renqiang Yu
- grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XDepartment of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Yuqi Cheng
- grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XDepartment of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Zhaohua Tang
- grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XDepartment of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Biying Wu
- grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XDepartment of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Jiayuanyuan Fu
- grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XDepartment of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Weilin Tan
- grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XDepartment of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XDepartment of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Ziyu Zhu
- grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XDepartment of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Ehab Balawi
- grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XDepartment of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Xuekang Huang
- grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XDepartment of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Jun Ma
- grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XDepartment of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Z. B. Liao
- grid.452206.70000 0004 1758 417XDepartment of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
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