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Currie C, Myklebust TÅ, Bjerknes C, Framroze B. Assessing the Potential of an Enzymatically Liberated Salmon Oil to Support Immune Health Recovery from Acute SARS-CoV-2 Infection via Change in the Expression of Cytokine, Chemokine and Interferon-Related Genes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6917. [PMID: 39000027 PMCID: PMC11241394 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25136917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cytokines, chemokines, and interferons are released in response to viral infection with the ultimate aim of viral clearance. However, in SARS-CoV-2 infection, there is an imbalanced immune response, with raised cytokine levels but only a limited interferon response with inefficient viral clearance. Furthermore, the inflammatory response can be exaggerated, which risks both acute and chronic sequelae. Several observational studies have suggested a reduced risk of progression to severe COVID-19 in subjects with a higher omega-3 index. However, randomized studies of omega-3 supplementation have failed to replicate this benefit. Omega-3 fats provide important anti-inflammatory effects; however, fatty fish contains many other fatty acids that provide health benefits distinct from omega-3. Therefore, the immune health benefit of whole salmon oil (SO) was assessed in adults with mild to moderate COVID-19. Eleven subjects were randomized to best supportive care (BSC) with or without a full spectrum, enzymatically liberated SO, dosed at 4g daily, for twenty-eight days. Nasal swabs were taken to measure the change in gene expression of markers of immune response and showed that the SO provided both broad inflammation-resolving effects and improved interferon response. The results also suggest improved lung barrier function and enhanced immune memory, although the clinical relevance needs to be assessed in longer-duration studies. In conclusion, the salmon oil was well tolerated and provided broad inflammation-resolving effects, indicating a potential to enhance immune health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crawford Currie
- Hofseth BioCare, Keiser Wilhelms Gate 24, 6003 Alesund, Norway
| | - Tor Åge Myklebust
- Department of Research and Innovation, More og Romsdal Hospital Trust, 6026 Ålesund, Norway
- Department of Registration, Cancer Registry of Norway, 0379 Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Bomi Framroze
- Hofseth BioCare, Keiser Wilhelms Gate 24, 6003 Alesund, Norway
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Da Mesquita S, Rua R. Brain border-associated macrophages: common denominators in infection, aging, and Alzheimer's disease? Trends Immunol 2024; 45:346-357. [PMID: 38632001 PMCID: PMC11088519 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2024.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Mammalian brain border-associated macrophages (BAMs) are strategically positioned to support vital properties and processes: for example, the composition of the brain's perivascular extracellular matrix and cerebrospinal fluid flow via the glymphatic pathway. BAMs also effectively restrict the spread of infectious microbes into the brain. However, while fighting infections, BAMs sustain long-term transcriptomic changes and can be replaced by inflammatory monocytes, potentially leading to a gradual loss of their beneficial homeostatic functions. We hypothesize that by expediting the deterioration of BAMs, multiple infection episodes might be associated with accelerated brain aging and the putative development of neurodegenerative diseases. Our viewpoint is supported by recent studies suggesting that rejuvenating aged BAMs, and counterbalancing their detrimental inflammatory signatures during infections, might hold promise in treating aging-related neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rejane Rua
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Aix Marseille Université, Inserm, CNRS, Marseille, France.
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3
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O'Carroll SM, Henkel FDR, O'Neill LAJ. Metabolic regulation of type I interferon production. Immunol Rev 2024; 323:276-287. [PMID: 38465724 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Over the past decade, there has been a surge in discoveries of how metabolic pathways regulate immune cell function in health and disease, establishing the field of immunometabolism. Specifically, pathways such as glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and those involving lipid metabolism have been implicated in regulating immune cell function. Viral infections cause immunometabolic changes which lead to antiviral immunity, but little is known about how metabolic changes regulate interferon responses. Interferons are critical cytokines in host defense, rapidly induced upon pathogen recognition, but are also involved in autoimmune diseases. This review summarizes how metabolic change impacts interferon production. We describe how glycolysis, lipid metabolism (specifically involving eicosanoids and cholesterol), and the TCA cycle-linked intermediates itaconate and fumarate impact type I interferons. Targeting these metabolic changes presents new therapeutic possibilities to modulate type I interferons during host defense or autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane M O'Carroll
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Fiona D R Henkel
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Luke A J O'Neill
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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Abarova S, Alexova R, Dragomanova S, Solak A, Fagone P, Mangano K, Petralia MC, Nicoletti F, Kalfin R, Tancheva L. Emerging Therapeutic Potential of Polyphenols from Geranium sanguineum L. in Viral Infections, Including SARS-CoV-2. Biomolecules 2024; 14:130. [PMID: 38275759 PMCID: PMC10812934 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The existing literature supports the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiviral capacities of the polyphenol extracts derived from Geranium sanguineum L. These extracts exhibit potential in hindering viral replication by inhibiting enzymes like DNA polymerase and reverse transcriptase. The antiviral properties of G. sanguineum L. seem to complement its immunomodulatory effects, contributing to infection resolution. While preclinical studies on G. sanguineum L. suggest its potential effectiveness against COVID-19, there is still a lack of clinical evidence. Therefore, the polyphenols extracted from this herb warrant further investigation as a potential alternative for preventing and treating COVID-19 infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silviya Abarova
- Department of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Zdrave Str. 2, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Ralitza Alexova
- Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Zdrave Str. 2, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Stela Dragomanova
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Varna, Tsar Osvoboditel Blvd 84A, 9002 Varna, Bulgaria;
| | - Ayten Solak
- Institute of Cryobiology and Food Technologies, Cherni Vrah Blvd. 53, 1407 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Paolo Fagone
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 89, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Katia Mangano
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 89, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Petralia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Nicoletti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 89, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Reni Kalfin
- Department of Biological Effects of Natural and Synthetic Substances, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str. 23, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (R.K.); (L.T.)
- Department of Healthcare, South-West University “Neofit Rilski”, Ivan Mihailov Str. 66, 2700 Blagoevgrad, Bulgaria
| | - Lyubka Tancheva
- Department of Biological Effects of Natural and Synthetic Substances, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str. 23, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (R.K.); (L.T.)
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Chau CW, Sugimura R. Organoids in COVID-19: can we break the glass ceiling? J Leukoc Biol 2024; 115:85-99. [PMID: 37616269 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 emerged in September 2020 as a disease caused by the virus SARS-CoV-2. The disease presented as pneumonia at first but later was shown to cause multisystem infections and long-term complications. Many efforts have been put into discovering the exact pathogenesis of the disease. In this review, we aim to discuss an emerging tool in disease modeling, organoids, in the investigation of COVID-19. This review will introduce some methods and breakthroughs achieved by organoids and the limitations of this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiu Wang Chau
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Rd, Pokfulam 99077, Hong Kong
| | - Ryohichi Sugimura
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, 21 Sassoon Rd, Pokfulam 99077, Hong Kong
- Centre for Translational Stem Cell Biology, 17 Science Park W Ave, Science Park 999077, Hong Kong
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Constantinescu-Bercu A, Lobiuc A, Căliman-Sturdza OA, Oiţă RC, Iavorschi M, Pavăl NE, Șoldănescu I, Dimian M, Covasa M. Long COVID: Molecular Mechanisms and Detection Techniques. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:408. [PMID: 38203577 PMCID: PMC10778767 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Long COVID, also known as post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), has emerged as a significant health concern following the COVID-19 pandemic. Molecular mechanisms underlying the occurrence and progression of long COVID include viral persistence, immune dysregulation, endothelial dysfunction, and neurological involvement, and highlight the need for further research to develop targeted therapies for this condition. While a clearer picture of the clinical symptomatology is shaping, many molecular mechanisms are yet to be unraveled, given their complexity and high level of interaction with other metabolic pathways. This review summarizes some of the most important symptoms and associated molecular mechanisms that occur in long COVID, as well as the most relevant molecular techniques that can be used in understanding the viral pathogen, its affinity towards the host, and the possible outcomes of host-pathogen interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adela Constantinescu-Bercu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Biological Sciences, “Ştefan cel Mare” University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania; (A.C.-B.); (O.A.C.-S.); (M.I.); (N.-E.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Andrei Lobiuc
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Biological Sciences, “Ştefan cel Mare” University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania; (A.C.-B.); (O.A.C.-S.); (M.I.); (N.-E.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Olga Adriana Căliman-Sturdza
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Biological Sciences, “Ştefan cel Mare” University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania; (A.C.-B.); (O.A.C.-S.); (M.I.); (N.-E.P.); (M.C.)
- Suceava Emergency Clinical County Hospital, 720224 Suceava, Romania
| | - Radu Cristian Oiţă
- Integrated Center for Research, Development and Innovation for Advanced Materials, Nanotechnologies, Manufacturing and Control Distributed Systems (MANSiD), Ştefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania; (R.C.O.); (I.Ș.); (M.D.)
| | - Monica Iavorschi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Biological Sciences, “Ştefan cel Mare” University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania; (A.C.-B.); (O.A.C.-S.); (M.I.); (N.-E.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Naomi-Eunicia Pavăl
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Biological Sciences, “Ştefan cel Mare” University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania; (A.C.-B.); (O.A.C.-S.); (M.I.); (N.-E.P.); (M.C.)
| | - Iuliana Șoldănescu
- Integrated Center for Research, Development and Innovation for Advanced Materials, Nanotechnologies, Manufacturing and Control Distributed Systems (MANSiD), Ştefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania; (R.C.O.); (I.Ș.); (M.D.)
| | - Mihai Dimian
- Integrated Center for Research, Development and Innovation for Advanced Materials, Nanotechnologies, Manufacturing and Control Distributed Systems (MANSiD), Ştefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania; (R.C.O.); (I.Ș.); (M.D.)
- Department of Computers, Electronics and Automation, Ştefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania
| | - Mihai Covasa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Biological Sciences, “Ştefan cel Mare” University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania; (A.C.-B.); (O.A.C.-S.); (M.I.); (N.-E.P.); (M.C.)
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91711, USA
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Harte JV, Coleman-Vaughan C, Crowley MP, Mykytiv V. It's in the blood: a review of the hematological system in SARS-CoV-2-associated COVID-19. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2023; 60:595-624. [PMID: 37439130 DOI: 10.1080/10408363.2023.2232010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to an unprecedented global healthcare crisis. While SARS-CoV-2-associated COVID-19 affects primarily the respiratory system, patients with COVID-19 frequently develop extrapulmonary manifestations. Notably, changes in the hematological system, including lymphocytopenia, neutrophilia and significant abnormalities of hemostatic markers, were observed early in the pandemic. Hematological manifestations have since been recognized as important parameters in the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 and in the management of patients with COVID-19. In this narrative review, we summarize the state-of-the-art regarding the hematological and hemostatic abnormalities observed in patients with SARS-CoV-2-associated COVID-19, as well as the current understanding of the hematological system in the pathophysiology of acute and chronic SARS-CoV-2-associated COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- James V Harte
- Department of Haematology, Cork University Hospital, Wilton, Cork, Ireland
- School of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Maeve P Crowley
- Department of Haematology, Cork University Hospital, Wilton, Cork, Ireland
- Irish Network for Venous Thromboembolism Research (INViTE), Ireland
| | - Vitaliy Mykytiv
- Department of Haematology, Cork University Hospital, Wilton, Cork, Ireland
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8
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Gu J, Liu Q, Zhang J, Xu S. COVID-19 and trained immunity: the inflammatory burden of long covid. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1294959. [PMID: 38090572 PMCID: PMC10713746 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1294959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe COVID-19 elicits excessive inflammation mediated by innate immune cells like monocytes. Recent evidence reveals extensive epigenetic changes in monocytes during recovery from severe COVID-19, including increased chromatin accessibility at genes related to cytokine production and leukocyte activation. These changes likely originate from the reprogramming of upstream hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) and represent "trained immunity". HSPC-to-monocyte transmission of epigenetic memory may explain the persistence of these monocyte alterations despite their short lifespan. IL-6 appears pivotal for imprinting durable epigenetic modifications in monocytes during acute infection, with IL-1β potentially playing a contributory role. The poised inflammatory phenotype of monocytes post-COVID-19 may drive chronic inflammation and tissue damage, contributing to post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 symptoms. COVID-19 could also exacerbate inflammation-related diseases, such multisystem inflammatory syndromes, by altering innate immune tendencies via hematopoietic epigenetic reprogramming. Further clinical investigations quantifying inflammatory mediators and mapping epigenetic changes in HSPCs/monocytes of recovering patients are warranted. Research should also examine whether COVID-19 elicits transgenerational inheritance of epigenetic alterations. Elucidating mechanisms underlying COVID-19-induced monocyte reprogramming and developing interventions targeting key inflammatory regulators like IL-6 may mitigate the sustained inflammatory burden imposed by the aberrant trained immunity post-COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jienan Gu
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qianhui Liu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiale Zhang
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shijie Xu
- Institute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Meng H, Sengupta A, Ricciotti E, Mrčela A, Mathew D, Mazaleuskaya LL, Ghosh S, Brooks TG, Turner AP, Schanoski AS, Lahens NF, Tan AW, Woolfork A, Grant G, Susztak K, Letizia AG, Sealfon SC, Wherry EJ, Laudanski K, Weljie AM, Meyer NJ, FitzGerald GA. Deep phenotyping of the lipidomic response in COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 sepsis. Clin Transl Med 2023; 13:e1440. [PMID: 37948331 PMCID: PMC10637636 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipids may influence cellular penetrance by viral pathogens and the immune response that they evoke. We deeply phenotyped the lipidomic response to SARs-CoV-2 and compared that with infection with other pathogens in patients admitted with acute respiratory distress syndrome to an intensive care unit (ICU). METHODS Mass spectrometry was used to characterise lipids and relate them to proteins, peripheral cell immunotypes and disease severity. RESULTS Circulating phospholipases (sPLA2, cPLA2 (PLA2G4A) and PLA2G2D) were elevated on admission in all ICU groups. Cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase and epoxygenase products of arachidonic acid (AA) were elevated in all ICU groups compared with controls. sPLA2 predicted severity in COVID-19 and correlated with TxA2, LTE4 and the isoprostane, iPF2α-III, while PLA2G2D correlated with LTE4. The elevation in PGD2, like PGI2 and 12-HETE, exhibited relative specificity for COVID-19 and correlated with sPLA2 and the interleukin-13 receptor to drive lymphopenia, a marker of disease severity. Pro-inflammatory eicosanoids remained correlated with severity in COVID-19 28 days after admission. Amongst non-COVID ICU patients, elevations in 5- and 15-HETE and 9- and 13-HODE reflected viral rather than bacterial disease. Linoleic acid (LA) binds directly to SARS-CoV-2 and both LA and its di-HOME products reflected disease severity in COVID-19. In healthy marines, these lipids rose with seroconversion. Eicosanoids linked variably to the peripheral cellular immune response. PGE2, TxA2 and LTE4 correlated with T cell activation, as did PGD2 with non-B non-T cell activation. In COVID-19, LPS stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cell PGF2α correlated with memory T cells, dendritic and NK cells while LA and DiHOMEs correlated with exhausted T cells. Three high abundance lipids - ChoE 18:3, LPC-O-16:0 and PC-O-30:0 - were altered specifically in COVID. LPC-O-16:0 was strongly correlated with T helper follicular cell activation and all three negatively correlated with multi-omic inflammatory pathways and disease severity. CONCLUSIONS A broad based lipidomic storm is a predictor of poor prognosis in ARDS. Alterations in sPLA2, PGD2 and 12-HETE and the high abundance lipids, ChoE 18:3, LPC-O-16:0 and PC-O-30:0 exhibit relative specificity for COVID-19 amongst such patients and correlate with the inflammatory response to link to disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Meng
- Institute for Translational Medicine and TherapeuticsPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Arjun Sengupta
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational TherapeuticsPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Emanuela Ricciotti
- Institute for Translational Medicine and TherapeuticsPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational TherapeuticsPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Antonijo Mrčela
- Institute for Translational Medicine and TherapeuticsPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Divij Mathew
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational TherapeuticsPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Institute for Immunology and Immune HealthPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Liudmila L. Mazaleuskaya
- Institute for Translational Medicine and TherapeuticsPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Soumita Ghosh
- Institute for Translational Medicine and TherapeuticsPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Thomas G. Brooks
- Institute for Translational Medicine and TherapeuticsPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Alexandra P. Turner
- Department of MedicinePerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | | | - Nicholas F. Lahens
- Institute for Translational Medicine and TherapeuticsPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Ai Wen Tan
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational TherapeuticsPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Ashley Woolfork
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational TherapeuticsPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Greg Grant
- Institute for Translational Medicine and TherapeuticsPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of GeneticsPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Katalin Susztak
- Department of MedicinePerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Andrew G. Letizia
- Naval Medical Research CenterSilver SpringMarylandUSA
- Naval Medical Research Unit TWOSingaporeSingapore
| | - Stuart C. Sealfon
- Department of NeurologyIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - E. John Wherry
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational TherapeuticsPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Institute for Immunology and Immune HealthPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Krzysztof Laudanski
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical CarePerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Aalim M. Weljie
- Institute for Translational Medicine and TherapeuticsPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational TherapeuticsPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Nuala J. Meyer
- Institute for Translational Medicine and TherapeuticsPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of MedicinePerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Garret A. FitzGerald
- Institute for Translational Medicine and TherapeuticsPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational TherapeuticsPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of MedicinePerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
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Badrani JH, Cavagnero K, Eastman JJ, Kim AS, Strohm A, Yan C, Deconde A, Zuraw BL, White AA, Christiansen SC, Doherty TA. Lower serum 15-HETE level predicts nasal ILC2 accumulation during COX-1 inhibition in AERD. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 152:1330-1335.e1. [PMID: 37543185 PMCID: PMC10938261 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) is associated with high levels of cysteinyl leukotrienes, prostaglandin D2, and low levels of prostaglandin E2. Further, 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE) levels may have predictive value in therapeutic outcomes of aspirin desensitization. Accumulation of nasal group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) has been demonstrated during COX-1 inhibition in AERD, although the relationships between tissue ILC2 accumulation, reaction symptom severity, and novel lipid biomarkers are unknown. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine whether novel lipid mediators are predictive of nasal ILC2 accumulation and symptom scores during COX-1 inhibitor challenge in patients with AERD. METHODS Blood and nasal scraping samples from patients with AERD were collected at baseline and COX-1 inhibitor reaction and then processed for flow cytometry for nasal ILC2s and serum for lipidomic analysis. RESULTS Eight patients with AERD who were undergoing aspirin desensitization were recruited. Of the 161 eicosanoids tested, 42 serum mediators were detected. Baseline levels of 15-HETE were negatively correlated with the change in numbers of airway ILC2s (r = -0.6667; P = .0428). Docosahexaenoic acid epoxygenase metabolite 19,20-dihydroxy-4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z-docosapentaenoic acid (19,20-diHDPA) was positively correlated with both changes in airway ILC2s (r = 0.7143; P = .0305) and clinical symptom scores (r = 0.5000; P = .0081). CONCLUSION Low levels of baseline 15-HETE predicted a greater accumulation of airway ILC2s in patients with AERD who were receiving COX-1 inhibition. Further, increases in the cytochrome P pathway metabolite 19,20-dihydroxy-4Z,7Z,10Z,13Z,16Z-docosapentaenoic acid (19,20-diHDPA) were associated with increased symptoms and nasal ILC2 accumulation. Future studies to assess how these mediators might control ILC2s may improve the understanding of AERD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana H Badrani
- Section of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, Calif; Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, Calif
| | - Kellen Cavagnero
- Section of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, Calif
| | - Jacqueline J Eastman
- Section of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, Calif
| | - Alex S Kim
- Section of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, Calif
| | - Allyssa Strohm
- Section of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, Calif; Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, Calif
| | - Carol Yan
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California, San Diego, Calif
| | - Adam Deconde
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California, San Diego, Calif
| | - Bruce L Zuraw
- Section of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, Calif; Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, Calif
| | - Andrew A White
- Divison of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology, Scripps Clinic, La Jolla, Calif
| | - Sandra C Christiansen
- Section of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, Calif
| | - Taylor A Doherty
- Section of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, Calif; Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, Calif.
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11
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Cheong KL, Yu B, Teng B, Veeraperumal S, Xu B, Zhong S, Tan K. Post-COVID-19 syndrome management: Utilizing the potential of dietary polysaccharides. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 166:115320. [PMID: 37595427 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant global impact, resulting in long-term health effects for many individuals. As more patients recover, there is a growing need to identify effective management strategies for ongoing health concerns, such as post-COVID-19 syndrome, characterized by persistent symptoms or complications beyond several weeks or months from the onset of symptoms. In this review, we explore the potential of dietary polysaccharides as a promising approach to managing post-COVID-19 syndrome. We summarize the immunomodulatory, antioxidant, antiviral, and prebiotic activities of dietary polysaccharides for the management of post-COVID-19 syndrome. Furthermore, the review investigates the role of polysaccharides in enhancing immune response, regulating immune function, improving oxidative stress, inhibiting virus binding to ACE2, balancing gut microbiota, and increasing functional metabolites. These properties of dietary polysaccharides may help alleviate COVID-19 symptoms, providing a promising avenue for effective treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kit-Leong Cheong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Biao Yu
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Bo Teng
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Suresh Veeraperumal
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Baojun Xu
- Programme of Food Science and Technology, Department of Life Sciences, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai, China
| | - Saiyi Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Safety, College of Food Science and Technology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China.
| | - Karsoon Tan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Beibu Gulf Biodiversity Conservation, Beibu Gulf University, Qinzhou 535011, Guangxi, China.
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12
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Plummer AM, Matos YL, Lin HC, Ryman SG, Birg A, Quinn DK, Parada AN, Vakhtin AA. Gut-brain pathogenesis of post-acute COVID-19 neurocognitive symptoms. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1232480. [PMID: 37841680 PMCID: PMC10568482 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1232480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Approximately one third of non-hospitalized coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) patients report chronic symptoms after recovering from the acute stage of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Some of the most persistent and common complaints of this post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PACS) are cognitive in nature, described subjectively as "brain fog" and also objectively measured as deficits in executive function, working memory, attention, and processing speed. The mechanisms of these chronic cognitive sequelae are currently not understood. SARS-CoV-2 inflicts damage to cerebral blood vessels and the intestinal wall by binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors and also by evoking production of high levels of systemic cytokines, compromising the brain's neurovascular unit, degrading the intestinal barrier, and potentially increasing the permeability of both to harmful substances. Such substances are hypothesized to be produced in the gut by pathogenic microbiota that, given the profound effects COVID-19 has on the gastrointestinal system, may fourish as a result of intestinal post-COVID-19 dysbiosis. COVID-19 may therefore create a scenario in which neurotoxic and neuroinflammatory substances readily proliferate from the gut lumen and encounter a weakened neurovascular unit, gaining access to the brain and subsequently producing cognitive deficits. Here, we review this proposed PACS pathogenesis along the gut-brain axis, while also identifying specific methodologies that are currently available to experimentally measure each individual component of the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison M. Plummer
- School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Yvette L. Matos
- The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Henry C. Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
- Section of Gastroenterology, New Mexico Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Sephira G. Ryman
- The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, United States
- Nene and Jamie Koch Comprehensive Movement Disorder Center, Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Aleksandr Birg
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
- Section of Gastroenterology, New Mexico Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Davin K. Quinn
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Alisha N. Parada
- Division of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Andrei A. Vakhtin
- The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, United States
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13
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Zhang JY, Whalley JP, Knight JC, Wicker LS, Todd JA, Ferreira RC. SARS-CoV-2 infection induces a long-lived pro-inflammatory transcriptional profile. Genome Med 2023; 15:69. [PMID: 37700317 PMCID: PMC10498514 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-023-01227-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in COVID-19 patients has been extensively investigated. However, much less is known about the long-term effects of infection in patients and how it could affect the immune system and its capacity to respond to future perturbations. METHODS Using a targeted single-cell multiomics approach, we have recently identified a prolonged anti-inflammatory gene expression signature in T and NK cells in type 1 diabetes patients treated with low-dose IL-2. Here, we investigated the dynamics of this signature in three independent cohorts of COVID-19 patients: (i) the Oxford COVID-19 Multi-omics Blood Atlas (COMBAT) dataset, a cross-sectional cohort including 77 COVID-19 patients and ten healthy donors; (ii) the INCOV dataset, consisting of 525 samples taken from 209 COVID-19 patients during and after infection; and (iii) a longitudinal dataset consisting of 269 whole-blood samples taken from 139 COVID-19 patients followed for a period of up to 7 months after the onset of symptoms using a bulk transcriptomic approach. RESULTS We discovered that SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to a prolonged alteration of the gene expression profile of circulating T, B and NK cells and monocytes. Some of the genes affected were the same as those present in the IL-2-induced anti-inflammatory gene expression signature but were regulated in the opposite direction, implying a pro-inflammatory status. The altered transcriptional profile was detected in COVID-19 patients for at least 2 months after the onset of the disease symptoms but was not observed in response to influenza infection or sepsis. Gene network analysis suggested a central role for the transcriptional factor NF-κB in the regulation of the observed transcriptional alterations. CONCLUSIONS SARS-CoV-2 infection causes a prolonged increase in the pro-inflammatory transcriptional status that could predispose post-acute patients to the development of long-term health consequences, including autoimmune disease, reactivation of other viruses and disruption of the host immune system-microbiome ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yuan Zhang
- JDRF/Wellcome Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Justin P Whalley
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Center for Cancer Cell Biology, Immunology and Infection, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Julian C Knight
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Linda S Wicker
- JDRF/Wellcome Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - John A Todd
- JDRF/Wellcome Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Ricardo C Ferreira
- JDRF/Wellcome Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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14
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Silva BSDA, Pereira T, Minuzzi LG, Padilha CS, Figueiredo C, Olean-Oliveira T, dos Santos IVM, von Ah Morano AE, Marchioto Júnior O, Ribeiro JPJ, Dos Santos VR, Seelaender M, Teixeira AA, Dos Santos RVT, Lemos VDA, Freire APCF, Dorneles GP, Marmett B, Olean-Oliveira A, Teixeira MFS, Seraphim PM, Caseiro A, Pinho RA, Islam H, Little JP, Krüger K, Rosa-Neto JC, Coelho-E-Silva MJ, Lira FS. Mild to moderate post-COVID-19 alters markers of lymphocyte activation, exhaustion, and immunometabolic responses that can be partially associated by physical activity level- an observational sub-analysis fit- COVID study. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1212745. [PMID: 37753077 PMCID: PMC10518618 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1212745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim This study aimed to evaluate if physical activity is associated with systemic and cellular immunometabolic responses, in young adults after mild-to-moderate COVID-19 infection. Methods Mild- to- moderate post-COVID-19 patients (70.50 ± 43.10 days of diagnosis; age: 29.4 (21.9- 34.9) years; BMI: 25.5 ± 4.3 kg m2 n = 20) and healthy age-matched controls (age: 29.3 (21.2 - 32.6) years; BMI: 25.4 ± 4.7 kg m2; n = 20) were evaluated. Physical activity levels (PAL), body composition, dietary habits, muscular and pulmonary function, mental health, sleep quality, metabolic parameters, immune phenotypic characterization, stimulated whole blood and PBMC culture (cytokine production), mRNA, and mitochondrial respiration in PBMCs were evaluated. Results The post-COVID-19 group exhibited lower levels of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) (p = 0.038); therefore, all study comparisons were performed with adjustment for MVPA. Post-COVID-19 impacted the pulmonary function (FEV1, FEV1%pred, FVC, and FVC %pred) compared with the control (p adjusted by MVPA (p adj) <0.05). Post-COVID-19 exhibited lower levels of serum IL-6 (p adj <0.01), whereas it showed higher serum IL-10, triglyceride, leptin, IgG, ACE activity, TNFRSF1A, and PGE2 (p adj <0.05) levels compared with controls. Post-COVID-19 presented a lower percentage of Treg cells (p adj = 0.03) and altered markers of lymphocyte activation and exhaustion (lower CD28 expression in CD8+ T cells (p adj = 0.014), whereas CD4+T cells showed higher PD1 expression (p adj = 0.037)) compared with the control group. Finally, post- COVID-19 presented an increased LPS-stimulated whole- blood IL-10 concentration (p adj <0.01). When exploring mitochondrial respiration and gene expression in PBMCs, we observed a higher LEAK state value (p adj <0.01), lower OXPHOS activity (complex I) (p adj = 0.04), and expression of the Rev-Erb-α clock mRNA after LPS stimulation in the post-COVID-19 patients than in the control (p adj <0.01). Mainly, PAL was associated with changes in IL-10, triglyceride, and leptin levels in the plasma of post-COVID-19 patients. PAL was also associated with modulation of the peripheral frequency of Treg cells and the expression of PD-1 in CD8+ T cells, although it abrogated the statistical effect in the analysis of TNF-α and IL-6 production by LPS- and PMA-stimulated PBMC of post-COVID-19 patients. Conclusion Young adults after mild-to-moderate SARS-CoV-2 infection appeared to have lower physical activity levels, which can be associated with clinical and immunometabolic responses in a complex manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Spolador de Alencar Silva
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Telmo Pereira
- Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra Health School, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luciele Guerra Minuzzi
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Camila Souza Padilha
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Caique Figueiredo
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Tiago Olean-Oliveira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Ivete Vera Medeiros dos Santos
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Ana Elisa von Ah Morano
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Osmar Marchioto Júnior
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - José Procópio Jabur Ribeiro
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Ribeiro Dos Santos
- Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Marília Seelaender
- Cancer Metabolism Research Group, LIM26-HC, FMUSP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Ana Paula Coelho Figueira Freire
- Department of Health Sciences, Central Washington University, Ellensburg, WA, United States
- Physiotherapy Department, Universidade do Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Gilson Pires Dorneles
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Bruna Marmett
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - André Olean-Oliveira
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Science and Technology, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcos F. S. Teixeira
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Science and Technology, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Patrícia M. Seraphim
- Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Armando Caseiro
- Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, Coimbra Health School, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Aurino Pinho
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Hashim Islam
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Jonathan Peter Little
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Karsten Krüger
- Department of Exercise Physiology and Sports Therapy, Institute of Sports Science, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - José César Rosa-Neto
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Manuel-João Coelho-E-Silva
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, Research Center for Sport and Physical Activity (uid/dtp/04213/2020), Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Fábio Santos Lira
- Exercise and Immunometabolism Research Group, Postgraduation Program in Movement Sciences, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Presidente Prudente, Brazil
- Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, Research Center for Sport and Physical Activity (uid/dtp/04213/2020), Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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15
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Meng H, Sengupta A, Ricciotti E, Mrčela A, Mathew D, Mazaleuskaya LL, Ghosh S, Brooks TG, Turner AP, Schanoski AS, Lahens NF, Tan AW, Woolfork A, Grant G, Susztak K, Letizia AG, Sealfon SC, Wherry EJ, Laudanski K, Weljie AM, Meyer NB, FitzGerald GA. Deep Phenotyping of the Lipidomic Response in COVID and non-COVID Sepsis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.02.543298. [PMID: 37398323 PMCID: PMC10312560 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.02.543298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Lipids may influence cellular penetrance by pathogens and the immune response that they evoke. Here we find a broad based lipidomic storm driven predominantly by secretory (s) phospholipase A 2 (sPLA 2 ) dependent eicosanoid production occurs in patients with sepsis of viral and bacterial origin and relates to disease severity in COVID-19. Elevations in the cyclooxygenase (COX) products of arachidonic acid (AA), PGD 2 and PGI 2 , and the AA lipoxygenase (LOX) product, 12-HETE, and a reduction in the high abundance lipids, ChoE 18:3, LPC-O-16:0 and PC-O-30:0 exhibit relative specificity for COVID-19 amongst such patients, correlate with the inflammatory response and link to disease severity. Linoleic acid (LA) binds directly to SARS-CoV-2 and both LA and its di-HOME products reflect disease severity in COVID-19. AA and LA metabolites and LPC-O-16:0 linked variably to the immune response. These studies yield prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for patients with sepsis, including COVID-19. An interactive purpose built interactive network analysis tool was developed, allowing the community to interrogate connections across these multiomic data and generate novel hypotheses.
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16
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Mohandas S, Jagannathan P, Henrich TJ, Sherif ZA, Bime C, Quinlan E, Portman MA, Gennaro M, Rehman J. Immune mechanisms underlying COVID-19 pathology and post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC). eLife 2023; 12:e86014. [PMID: 37233729 PMCID: PMC10219649 DOI: 10.7554/elife.86014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
With a global tally of more than 500 million cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections to date, there are growing concerns about the post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC), also known as long COVID. Recent studies suggest that exaggerated immune responses are key determinants of the severity and outcomes of the initial SARS-CoV-2 infection as well as subsequent PASC. The complexity of the innate and adaptive immune responses in the acute and post-acute period requires in-depth mechanistic analyses to identify specific molecular signals as well as specific immune cell populations which promote PASC pathogenesis. In this review, we examine the current literature on mechanisms of immune dysregulation in severe COVID-19 and the limited emerging data on the immunopathology of PASC. While the acute and post-acute phases may share some parallel mechanisms of immunopathology, it is likely that PASC immunopathology is quite distinct and heterogeneous, thus requiring large-scale longitudinal analyses in patients with and without PASC after an acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. By outlining the knowledge gaps in the immunopathology of PASC, we hope to provide avenues for novel research directions that will ultimately lead to precision therapies which restore healthy immune function in PASC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindhu Mohandas
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesUnited States
| | - Prasanna Jagannathan
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Geographic Medicine, Department of Medicine, Stanford UniversityStanfordUnited States
| | - Timothy J Henrich
- Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoUnited States
| | - Zaki A Sherif
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Howard University College of MedicineWashingtonUnited States
| | - Christian Bime
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of MedicineTucsonUnited States
| | - Erin Quinlan
- National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, National Institutes of HealthBethesdaUnited States
| | - Michael A Portman
- Seattle Children’s Hospital, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - Marila Gennaro
- Public Health Research Institute and Department of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical SchoolNewarkUnited States
| | - Jalees Rehman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois, College of MedicineChicagoUnited States
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17
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Fu Y, Xue H, Wang T, Ding Y, Cui Y, Nie H. Fibrinolytic system and COVID-19: From an innovative view of epithelial ion transport. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114863. [PMID: 37172333 PMCID: PMC10169260 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Lifeways of worldwide people have changed dramatically amid the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, and public health is at stake currently. In the early stage of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, fibrinolytic system is mostly inhibited, which is responsible for the development of hypofibrinolysis, promoting disseminated intravascular coagulation, hyaline membrane formation, and pulmonary edema. Whereas the common feature and risk factor at advanced stage is a large amount of fibrin degradation products, including D-dimer, the characteristic of hyperfibrinolysis. Plasmin can cleave both SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and γ subunit of epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), a critical element to edematous fluid clearance. In this review, we aim to sort out the role of fibrinolytic system in the pathogenesis of COVID-19, as well as provide the possible guidance in current treating methods. In addition, the abnormal regulation of ENaC in the occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 mediated hypofibrinolysis and hyperfibrinolysis are summarized, with the view of proposing an innovative view of epithelial ion transport in preventing the dysfunction of fibrinolytic system during the progress of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunmei Fu
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Hao Xue
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Tingyu Wang
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Yan Ding
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Yong Cui
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China.
| | - Hongguang Nie
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
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18
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Scott NA, Pearmain L, Knight SB, Brand O, Morgan DJ, Jagger C, Harbach S, Khan S, Shuwa HA, Franklin M, Kästele V, Williams T, Prise I, McClure FA, Hackney P, Smith L, Menon M, Konkel JE, Lawless C, Wilson J, Mathioudakis AG, Stanel SC, Ustianowski A, Lindergard G, Brij S, Diar Bakerly N, Dark P, Brightling C, Rivera-Ortega P, Lord GM, Horsley A, Piper Hanley K, Felton T, Simpson A, Grainger JR, Hussell T, Mann ER. Monocyte migration profiles define disease severity in acute COVID-19 and unique features of long COVID. Eur Respir J 2023; 61:2202226. [PMID: 36922030 PMCID: PMC10040898 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02226-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 is associated with a dysregulated immune response but it is unclear how immune dysfunction contributes to the chronic morbidity persisting in many COVID-19 patients during convalescence (long COVID). METHODS We assessed phenotypical and functional changes of monocytes in COVID-19 patients during hospitalisation and up to 9 months of convalescence following COVID-19, respiratory syncytial virus or influenza A. Patients with progressive fibrosing interstitial lung disease were included as a positive control for severe, ongoing lung injury. RESULTS Monocyte alterations in acute COVID-19 patients included aberrant expression of leukocyte migration molecules, continuing into convalescence (n=142) and corresponding with specific symptoms of long COVID. Long COVID patients with unresolved lung injury, indicated by sustained shortness of breath and abnormal chest radiology, were defined by high monocyte expression of C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 6 (CXCR6) (p<0.0001) and adhesion molecule P-selectin glycoprotein ligand 1 (p<0.01), alongside preferential migration of monocytes towards the CXCR6 ligand C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 16 (CXCL16) (p<0.05), which is abundantly expressed in the lung. Monocyte CXCR6 and lung CXCL16 were heightened in patients with progressive fibrosing interstitial lung disease (p<0.001), confirming a role for the CXCR6-CXCL16 axis in ongoing lung injury. Conversely, monocytes from long COVID patients with ongoing fatigue exhibited a sustained reduction of the prostaglandin-generating enzyme cyclooxygenase 2 (p<0.01) and CXCR2 expression (p<0.05). These monocyte changes were not present in respiratory syncytial virus or influenza A convalescence. CONCLUSIONS Our data define unique monocyte signatures that define subgroups of long COVID patients, indicating a key role for monocyte migration in COVID-19 pathophysiology. Targeting these pathways may provide novel therapeutic opportunities in COVID-19 patients with persistent morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Scott
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- Equal contribution
| | - Laurence Pearmain
- North West Lung Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Equal contribution
| | - Sean B Knight
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Oliver Brand
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - David J Morgan
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Christopher Jagger
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Sarah Harbach
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Saba Khan
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Halima A Shuwa
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Miriam Franklin
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Verena Kästele
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Thomas Williams
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Ian Prise
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Flora A McClure
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Pamela Hackney
- Research Innovation, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Lara Smith
- Research Innovation, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Madhvi Menon
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Joanne E Konkel
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Criag Lawless
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - James Wilson
- Regional Infectious Diseases Unit, North Manchester General Hospital, Manchester, UK
- Department of Microbiology, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Alexander G Mathioudakis
- North West Lung Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, Manchester NIHR BRC, Education and Research Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Stefan C Stanel
- North West Lung Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, Manchester NIHR BRC, Education and Research Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Andrew Ustianowski
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- Regional Infectious Diseases Unit, North Manchester General Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Gabriella Lindergard
- Regional Infectious Diseases Unit, North Manchester General Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Seema Brij
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Nawar Diar Bakerly
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Paul Dark
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Christopher Brightling
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, Leicester NIHR BRC, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Pilar Rivera-Ortega
- North West Lung Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Graham M Lord
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Alex Horsley
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, Manchester NIHR BRC, Education and Research Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Karen Piper Hanley
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Timothy Felton
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, Manchester NIHR BRC, Education and Research Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Angela Simpson
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, Manchester NIHR BRC, Education and Research Centre, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - John R Grainger
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- Joint senior authors
| | - Tracy Hussell
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- Joint senior authors
| | - Elizabeth R Mann
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- Maternal and Fetal Health Centre, Division of Developmental Biology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Joint senior authors
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19
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Kenny G, Townsend L, Savinelli S, Mallon PWG. Long COVID: Clinical characteristics, proposed pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1157651. [PMID: 37179568 PMCID: PMC10171433 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1157651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of persistent ill-health in the aftermath of SARS-CoV-2 infection has presented significant challenges to patients, healthcare workers and researchers. Termed long COVID, or post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC), the symptoms of this condition are highly variable and span multiple body systems. The underlying pathophysiology remains poorly understood, with no therapeutic agents proven to be effective. This narrative review describes predominant clinical features and phenotypes of long COVID alongside the data supporting potential pathogenesis of these phenotypes including ongoing immune dysregulation, viral persistence, endotheliopathy, gastrointestinal microbiome disturbance, autoimmunity, and dysautonomia. Finally, we describe current potential therapies under investigation, as well as future potential therapeutic options based on the proposed pathogenesis research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Kenny
- Centre for Experimental Pathogen Host Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Vincent’s University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Liam Townsend
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Vincent’s University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Stefano Savinelli
- Centre for Experimental Pathogen Host Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Vincent’s University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Patrick W. G. Mallon
- Centre for Experimental Pathogen Host Research, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Vincent’s University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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20
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Aukema HM, Ravandi A. Factors affecting variability in free oxylipins in mammalian tissues. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2023; 26:91-98. [PMID: 36892958 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW Along with the growing interest in oxylipins is an increasing awareness of multiple sources of variability in oxylipin data. This review summarizes recent findings that highlight the experimental and biological sources of variation in free oxylipins. RECENT FINDINGS Experimental factors that affect oxylipin variability include different methods of euthanasia, postmortem changes, cell culture reagents, tissue processing conditions and timing, storage losses, freeze-thaw cycles, sample preparation techniques, ion suppression, matrix effects, use and availability of oxylipin standards, and postanalysis procedures. Biological factors include dietary lipids, fasting, supplemental selenium, vitamin A deficiency, dietary antioxidants and the microbiome. Overt, but also more subtle differences in health affect oxylipin levels, including during resolution of inflammation and long-term recovery from disease. Sex, genetic variation, exposure to air pollution and chemicals found in food packaging and household and personal care products, as well as many pharmaceuticals used to treat health conditions also affect oxylipin levels. SUMMARY Experimental sources of oxylipin variability can be minimized with proper analytical procedures and protocol standardization. Fully characterizing study parameters will help delineate biological factors of variability, which are rich sources of information that can be used to probe oxylipin mechanisms of action and to investigate their roles in health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold M Aukema
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba
- Canadian Centre for Agri-Food Research in Health and Medicine, St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre
- Precision Cardiovascular Medicine Group, St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre
| | - Amir Ravandi
- Precision Cardiovascular Medicine Group, St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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21
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Reina-Couto M, Roboredo-Madeira M, Pereira-Terra P, Silva-Pereira C, Martins S, Teixeira-Santos L, Pinho D, Dias A, Cordeiro G, Dias CC, Sarmento A, Tavares M, Guimarães JT, Roncon-Albuquerque R, Paiva JA, Albino-Teixeira A, Sousa T. Evaluation of urinary cysteinyl leukotrienes as biomarkers of severity and putative therapeutic targets in COVID-19 patients. Inflamm Res 2023; 72:475-491. [PMID: 36617343 PMCID: PMC9826622 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-022-01682-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLT) are potent inflammation-promoting mediators, but remain scarcely explored in COVID-19. We evaluated urinary CysLT (U-CysLT) relationship with disease severity and their usefulness for prognostication in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. The impact on U-CysLT of veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO) and of comorbidities such as hypertension and obesity was also assessed. METHODS Blood and spot urine were collected in "severe" (n = 26), "critically ill" (n = 17) and "critically ill on VV-ECMO" (n = 17) patients with COVID-19 at days 1-2 (admission), 3-4, 5-8 and weekly thereafter, and in controls (n = 23) at a single time point. U-CysLT were measured by ELISA. Routine markers, prognostic scores and outcomes were also evaluated. RESULTS U-CysLT did not differ between groups at admission, but significantly increased along hospitalization only in critical groups, being markedly higher in VV-ECMO patients, especially in hypertensives. U-CysLT values during the first week were positively associated with ICU and total hospital length of stay in critical groups and showed acceptable area under curve (AUC) for prediction of 30-day mortality (AUC: 0.734, p = 0.001) among all patients. CONCLUSIONS U-CysLT increase during hospitalization in critical COVID-19 patients, especially in hypertensives on VV-ECMO. U-CysLT association with severe outcomes suggests their usefulness for prognostication and as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Reina-Couto
- Departamento de Biomedicina-Unidade de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal.
- Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa da Universidade do Porto (MEDInUP), Porto, Portugal.
- Serviço de Medicina Intensiva, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João (CHUSJ), Porto, Portugal.
- Serviço de Farmacologia Clínica, CHUSJ, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Mariana Roboredo-Madeira
- Departamento de Biomedicina-Unidade de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Pereira-Terra
- Departamento de Biomedicina-Unidade de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa da Universidade do Porto (MEDInUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Carolina Silva-Pereira
- Departamento de Biomedicina-Unidade de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa da Universidade do Porto (MEDInUP), Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Luísa Teixeira-Santos
- Departamento de Biomedicina-Unidade de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa da Universidade do Porto (MEDInUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Dora Pinho
- Departamento de Biomedicina-Unidade de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa da Universidade do Porto (MEDInUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreia Dias
- Serviço de Farmacologia Clínica, CHUSJ, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Cláudia Camila Dias
- Departamento de Medicina da Comunidade, Informação e Decisão em Saúde, FMUP, Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS-Centro de Investigação em Tecnologias e Serviços de Saúde, Porto, Portugal
| | - António Sarmento
- Serviço de Doenças Infecciosas, CHUSJ, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Medicina, FMUP, Porto, Portugal
| | - Margarida Tavares
- Serviço de Doenças Infecciosas, CHUSJ, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - João T Guimarães
- Serviço de Patologia Clínica, CHUSJ, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Biomedicina-Unidade de Bioquímica, FMUP, Porto, Portugal
| | - Roberto Roncon-Albuquerque
- Serviço de Medicina Intensiva, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João (CHUSJ), Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, FMUP, Porto, Portugal
| | - José-Artur Paiva
- Serviço de Medicina Intensiva, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João (CHUSJ), Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Medicina, FMUP, Porto, Portugal
| | - António Albino-Teixeira
- Departamento de Biomedicina-Unidade de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa da Universidade do Porto (MEDInUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Teresa Sousa
- Departamento de Biomedicina-Unidade de Farmacologia e Terapêutica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto (FMUP), Porto, Portugal.
- Centro de Investigação Farmacológica e Inovação Medicamentosa da Universidade do Porto (MEDInUP), Porto, Portugal.
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22
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Islam MS, Wang Z, Abdel-Mohsen M, Chen X, Montaner LJ. Tissue injury and leukocyte changes in post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2: review of 2833 post-acute patient outcomes per immune dysregulation and microbial translocation in long COVID. J Leukoc Biol 2023; 113:236-254. [PMID: 36807444 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiac001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
A significant number of persons with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) experience persistent, recurrent, or new symptoms several months after the acute stage of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. This phenomenon, termed post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC) or long COVID, is associated with high viral titers during acute infection, a persistently hyperactivated immune system, tissue injury by NETosis-induced micro-thrombofibrosis (NETinjury), microbial translocation, complement deposition, fibrotic macrophages, the presence of autoantibodies, and lymphopenic immune environments. Here, we review the current literature on the immunological imbalances that occur during PASC. Specifically, we focus on data supporting common immunopathogenesis and tissue injury mechanisms shared across this highly heterogenous disorder, including NETosis, coagulopathy, and fibrosis. Mechanisms include changes in leukocyte subsets/functions, fibroblast activation, cytokine imbalances, lower cortisol, autoantibodies, co-pathogen reactivation, and residual immune activation driven by persistent viral antigens and/or microbial translocation. Taken together, we develop the premise that SARS-CoV-2 infection results in PASC as a consequence of acute and/or persistent single or multiple organ injury mediated by PASC determinants to include the degree of host responses (inflammation, NETinjury), residual viral antigen (persistent antigen), and exogenous factors (microbial translocation). Determinants of PASC may be amplified by comorbidities, age, and sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sahidul Islam
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa 999078, University of Macau, Macau S.A.R., China
| | - Zhaoxiong Wang
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa 999078, University of Macau, Macau S.A.R., China
| | - Mohamed Abdel-Mohsen
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Xin Chen
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa 999078, University of Macau, Macau S.A.R., China.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa 999078, Macau S.A.R., China.,MoE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa 999078, Macau S.A.R., China.,Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Research Building N22, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa 999078, Macau S.A.R., China
| | - Luis J Montaner
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, The Wistar Institute, 3601 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
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23
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Mavragani A, Ho CT, Bui HTT, Ho LK, Ta VT. Multidimensional Machine Learning for Assessing Parameters Associated With COVID-19 in Vietnam: Validation Study. JMIR Form Res 2023; 7:e42895. [PMID: 36668902 PMCID: PMC9937111 DOI: 10.2196/42895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Machine learning (ML) is a type of artificial intelligence strategy. Its algorithms are used on big data sets to see patterns, learn from their results, and perform tasks autonomously without being instructed on how to address problems. New diseases like COVID-19 provide important data for ML. Therefore, all relevant parameters should be explicitly quantified and modeled. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine (1) the overall preclinical characteristics, (2) the cumulative cutoff values and risk ratios (RRs), and (3) the factors associated with COVID-19 severity in unidimensional and multidimensional analyses involving 2173 SARS-CoV-2 patients. METHODS The study population consisted of 2173 patients (1587 mild status [mild group] and asymptomatic patients, 377 moderate status patients [moderate group], and 209 severe status patients [severe group]). The status of the patients was recorded from September 2021 to March 2022. Two correlation tests, relative risk, and RR were used to eliminate unbalanced parameters and select the most remarkable parameters. The independent methods of hierarchical cluster analysis and k-means were used to classify parameters according to their r values. Finally, network analysis provided a 3-dimensional view of the results. RESULTS COVID-19 severity was significantly correlated with age (mild-moderate group: RR 4.19, 95% CI 3.58-4.95; P<.001), scoring index of chest x-ray (mild-moderate group: RR 3.29, 95% CI 2.76-3.92; P<.001; moderate-severe group: RR 3.03, 95% CI 2.4023-3.8314; P<.001), percentage of neutrophils (mild-moderate group: RR 3.18, 95% CI 2.73-3.70; P<.001; moderate-severe group: RR 3.32, 95% CI 2.6480-4.1529; P<.001), quantity of neutrophils (moderate-severe group: RR 3.15, 95% CI 2.6153-3.8025; P<.001), albumin (moderate-severe group: RR 0.46, 95% CI 0.3650-0.5752; P<.001), C-reactive protein (mild-moderate group: RR 3.4, 95% CI 2.91-3.97; P<.001), and ratio of lymphocytes (moderate-severe group: RR 0.34, 95% CI 0.2743-0.4210; P<.001). Significant inversion of correlations among the severity groups is important. Alanine transaminase and leucocytes showed a significant negative correlation (r=-1; P<.001) in the mild group and a significant positive correlation in the moderate group (r=1; P<.001). Transferrin and anion Cl showed a significant positive correlation (r=1; P<.001) in the mild group and a significant negative correlation in the moderate group (r=-0.59; P<.001). The clustering and network analysis showed that in the mild-moderate group, the closest neighbors of COVID-19 severity were ferritin and age. C-reactive protein, scoring index of chest x-ray, albumin, and lactate dehydrogenase were the next closest neighbors of these 3 factors. In the moderate-severe group, the closest neighbors of COVID-19 severity were ferritin, fibrinogen, albumin, quantity of lymphocytes, scoring index of chest x-ray, white blood cell count, lactate dehydrogenase, and quantity of neutrophils. CONCLUSIONS This multidimensional study in Vietnam showed possible correlations between several elements and COVID-19 severity to provide clinical reference markers for surveillance and diagnostic management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cam Tu Ho
- Center of Gene and Protein Research, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Institute of Virology, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Huong Thi Thu Bui
- Biochemistry Department, Thai Nguyen University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Nguyen, Vietnam
| | - Lam Khanh Ho
- Faculty of Information Technology, Hung Yen University of Technology and Education, Hung Yen, Vietnam
| | - Van Thanh Ta
- Medical Laboratory Department, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Clinical Laboratory Department, Hanoi Medical University Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam.,Center of Gene and Protein Research, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
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24
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Jang D, Lee MJ, Kim KS, Kim CE, Jung JH, Cho M, Hong BH, Park SJ, Kang KS. Network Pharmacological Analysis on the Herbal Combinations for Mitigating Inflammation in Respiratory Tracts and Experimental Evaluation. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11010143. [PMID: 36611603 PMCID: PMC9819683 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11010143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulation of inflammatory mediators, such as TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and leukotriene B4, could play a crucial role in suppressing inflammatory diseases such as COVID-19. In this study, we investigated the potential mechanisms of drug combinations comprising Ephedrae Herba, Schisandra Fructus, Platycodonis Radix, and Ginseng Radix; validated the anti-inflammatory effects of these drugs; and determined the optimal dose of the drug combinations. By constructing a herb-compound-target network, associations were identified between the herbs and tissues (such as bronchial epithelial cells and lung) and pathways (such as the TNF, NF-κB, and calcium signaling pathways). The drug combinations exerted anti-inflammatory effects in the RAW264.7 cell line treated with lipopolysaccharide by inhibiting the production of nitric oxide and inflammatory mediators, including TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and leukotriene B4. Notably, the drug combinations inhibited PMA-induced MUC5AC mRNA expression in NCI-H292 cells. A design space analysis was carried out to determine the optimal herbal medicine combinations using the design of experiments and synergy score calculation. Consequently, a combination study of the herbal preparations confirmed their mitigating effect on inflammation in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyeop Jang
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Myong Jin Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Sub Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Eop Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Ho Jung
- Chong Kun Dang (CKD) Pharm Research Institute, Yongin 16995, Republic of Korea
| | - Minkwan Cho
- Chong Kun Dang (CKD) Pharm Research Institute, Yongin 16995, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Hee Hong
- Chong Kun Dang (CKD) Pharm Research Institute, Yongin 16995, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Jung Park
- Chong Kun Dang (CKD) Pharm Research Institute, Yongin 16995, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (S.J.P.); (K.S.K.); Tel.: +82-32-749-4514 (S.J.P.); +82-31-750-5402 (K.S.K.)
| | - Ki Sung Kang
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (S.J.P.); (K.S.K.); Tel.: +82-32-749-4514 (S.J.P.); +82-31-750-5402 (K.S.K.)
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25
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Schultheiß C, Willscher E, Paschold L, Gottschick C, Klee B, Bosurgi L, Dutzmann J, Sedding D, Frese T, Girndt M, Höll JI, Gekle M, Mikolajczyk R, Binder M. Liquid biomarkers of macrophage dysregulation and circulating spike protein illustrate the biological heterogeneity in patients with post-acute sequelae of COVID-19. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28364. [PMID: 36458566 PMCID: PMC9878213 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) are long-term consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection that can substantially impair the quality of life. Underlying mechanisms ranging from persistent viruses to innate and adaptive immune dysregulation have been discussed. Here, we profiled the plasma of 181 individuals from the cohort study for digital health research in Germany (DigiHero), including individuals after mild to moderate COVID-19 with or without PASC and uninfected controls. We focused on soluble factors related to monocyte/macrophage biology and on circulating SARS-CoV-2 spike (S1) protein as a potential biomarker for persistent viral reservoirs. At a median time of 8 months after infection, we found pronounced dysregulation in almost all tested soluble factors, including both pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic cytokines. These immunological perturbations were remarkably independent of ongoing PASC symptoms per se, but further correlation and regression analyses suggested PASC-specific patterns involving CCL2/MCP-1 and IL-8 that either correlated with sCD162, sCD206/MMR, IFN-α2, IL-17A and IL-33, or IL-18 and IL-23. None of the analyzed factors correlated with the detectability or levels of circulating S1, indicating that this represents an independent subset of patients with PASC. These data confirm prior evidence of immune dysregulation and persistence of viral protein in PASC and illustrate its biological heterogeneity that still awaits correlation with clinically defined PASC subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Schultheiß
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Oncology/HematologyMartin‐Luther‐University Halle‐WittenbergHalle (Saale)Germany
| | - Edith Willscher
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Oncology/HematologyMartin‐Luther‐University Halle‐WittenbergHalle (Saale)Germany
| | - Lisa Paschold
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Oncology/HematologyMartin‐Luther‐University Halle‐WittenbergHalle (Saale)Germany
| | - Cornelia Gottschick
- Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics (IMEBI), Interdisciplinary Center for Health SciencesMedical School of the Martin‐Luther University Halle‐WittenbergHalle (Saale)Germany
| | - Bianca Klee
- Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics (IMEBI), Interdisciplinary Center for Health SciencesMedical School of the Martin‐Luther University Halle‐WittenbergHalle (Saale)Germany
| | - Lidia Bosurgi
- I. Department of MedicineUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
- Protozoa Immunology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical MedicineHamburgGermany
| | - Jochen Dutzmann
- Department of Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Mid‐German Heart Center, University HospitalMartin‐Luther‐University Halle‐WittenbergHalle (Saale)Germany
| | - Daniel Sedding
- Department of Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Mid‐German Heart Center, University HospitalMartin‐Luther‐University Halle‐WittenbergHalle (Saale)Germany
| | - Thomas Frese
- Institute of General Practice and Family MedicineMartin‐Luther‐University Halle‐WittenbergHalle (Saale)Germany
| | - Matthias Girndt
- Department of Internal Medicine IIMartin‐Luther‐University Halle‐WittenbergHalle (Saale)Germany
| | - Jessica I. Höll
- Pediatric Hematology and OncologyMartin‐Luther‐University Halle‐WittenbergHalle (Saale)Germany
| | - Michael Gekle
- Julius Bernstein‐Institute of Physiology, Faculty of MedicineMartin‐Luther‐University Halle‐WittenbergHalle (Saale)Germany
| | - Rafael Mikolajczyk
- Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics (IMEBI), Interdisciplinary Center for Health SciencesMedical School of the Martin‐Luther University Halle‐WittenbergHalle (Saale)Germany
| | - Mascha Binder
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Oncology/HematologyMartin‐Luther‐University Halle‐WittenbergHalle (Saale)Germany
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Dufrusine B, Valentinuzzi S, Bibbò S, Damiani V, Lanuti P, Pieragostino D, Del Boccio P, D’Alessandro E, Rabottini A, Berghella A, Allocati N, Falasca K, Ucciferri C, Mucedola F, Di Perna M, Martino L, Vecchiet J, De Laurenzi V, Dainese E. Iron Dyshomeostasis in COVID-19: Biomarkers Reveal a Functional Link to 5-Lipoxygenase Activation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:15. [PMID: 36613462 PMCID: PMC9819889 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is characterized by a broad spectrum of clinical symptoms. After acute infection, some subjects develop a post-COVID-19 syndrome known as long-COVID. This study aims to recognize the molecular and functional mechanisms that occur in COVID-19 and long-COVID patients and identify useful biomarkers for the management of patients with COVID-19 and long-COVID. Here, we profiled the response to COVID-19 by performing a proteomic analysis of lymphocytes isolated from patients. We identified significant changes in proteins involved in iron metabolism using different biochemical analyses, considering ceruloplasmin (Cp), transferrin (Tf), hemopexin (HPX), lipocalin 2 (LCN2), and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1). Moreover, our results show an activation of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) in COVID-19 and in long-COVID possibly through an iron-dependent post-translational mechanism. Furthermore, this work defines leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and lipocalin 2 (LCN2) as possible markers of COVID-19 and long-COVID and suggests novel opportunities for prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Dufrusine
- Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Silvia Valentinuzzi
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Sandra Bibbò
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Verena Damiani
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Paola Lanuti
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Damiana Pieragostino
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Piero Del Boccio
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Ersilia D’Alessandro
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Alberto Rabottini
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Alessandro Berghella
- Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Nerino Allocati
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Katia Falasca
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, S.S. Annunziata Hospital, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Claudio Ucciferri
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, S.S. Annunziata Hospital, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesco Mucedola
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, S.S. Annunziata Hospital, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Marco Di Perna
- Pneumology Department, “SS Annunziata” Hospital, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Laura Martino
- Pneumology Department, “SS Annunziata” Hospital, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Jacopo Vecchiet
- Department of Medicine and Aging Science, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Clinic of Infectious Diseases, S.S. Annunziata Hospital, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Vincenzo De Laurenzi
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Enrico Dainese
- Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
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Saheb Sharif-Askari N, Soares NC, Mohamed HA, Saheb Sharif-Askari F, Alsayed HAH, Al-Hroub H, Salameh L, Osman RS, Mahboub B, Hamid Q, Semreen MH, Halwani R. Saliva metabolomic profile of COVID-19 patients associates with disease severity. Metabolomics 2022; 18:81. [PMID: 36271948 PMCID: PMC9589589 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-022-01936-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is strongly linked to dysregulation of various molecular, cellular, and physiological processes that change abundance of different biomolecules including metabolites that may be ultimately used as biomarkers for disease progression and severity. It is important at early stage to readily distinguish those patients that are likely to progress to moderate and severe stages. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the utility of saliva and plasma metabolomic profiles as a potential parameter for risk stratifying COVID-19 patients. METHOD LC-MS/MS-based untargeted metabolomics were used to profile the changes in saliva and plasma metabolomic profiles of COVID-19 patients with different severities. RESULTS Saliva and plasma metabolites were screened in 62 COVID-19 patients and 18 non-infected controls. The COVID-19 group included 16 severe, 15 moderate, 16 mild, and 15 asymptomatic cases. Thirty-six differential metabolites were detected in COVID-19 versus control comparisons. SARS-CoV-2 induced metabolic derangement differed with infection severity. The metabolic changes were identified in saliva and plasma, however, saliva showed higher intensity of metabolic changes. Levels of saliva metabolites such as sphingosine and kynurenine were significantly different between COVID-19 infected and non-infected individuals; while linoleic acid and Alpha-ketoisovaleric acid were specifically increased in severe compared to non-severe patients. As expected, the two prognostic biomarkers of C-reactive protein and D-dimer were negatively correlated with sphingosine and 5-Aminolevulinic acid, and positively correlated with L-Tryptophan and L-Kynurenine. CONCLUSION Saliva disease-specific and severity-specific metabolite could be employed as potential COVID-19 diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narjes Saheb Sharif-Askari
- grid.412789.10000 0004 4686 5317Research Institute of Medical & Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Nelson Cruz Soares
- grid.412789.10000 0004 4686 5317Research Institute of Medical & Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
- grid.412789.10000 0004 4686 5317Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Hajer A. Mohamed
- grid.412789.10000 0004 4686 5317Research Institute of Medical & Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
- grid.412789.10000 0004 4686 5317Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Fatemeh Saheb Sharif-Askari
- grid.412789.10000 0004 4686 5317Research Institute of Medical & Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | | | - Hamza Al-Hroub
- grid.412789.10000 0004 4686 5317Research Institute of Medical & Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Laila Salameh
- grid.414167.10000 0004 1757 0894Rashid Hospital, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, UAE
- grid.412789.10000 0004 4686 5317Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Rufaida Satti Osman
- grid.414167.10000 0004 1757 0894Rashid Hospital, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, UAE
| | - Bassam Mahboub
- grid.414167.10000 0004 1757 0894Rashid Hospital, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai, UAE
- grid.412789.10000 0004 4686 5317Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Qutayba Hamid
- grid.412789.10000 0004 4686 5317Research Institute of Medical & Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
- grid.412789.10000 0004 4686 5317Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, UAE
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, QC Canada
| | - Mohammad H. Semreen
- grid.412789.10000 0004 4686 5317Research Institute of Medical & Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
- grid.412789.10000 0004 4686 5317College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Rabih Halwani
- grid.412789.10000 0004 4686 5317Research Institute of Medical & Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
- grid.412789.10000 0004 4686 5317Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 27272, Sharjah, UAE
- grid.56302.320000 0004 1773 5396Prince Abdullah Ben Khaled Celiac Disease Research Chair, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Remuzzi G, Schiaffino S, Santoro MG, FitzGerald GA, Melino G, Patrono C. Drugs for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 and its complications: An update on what we learned in the past 2 years. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:987816. [PMID: 36304162 PMCID: PMC9595217 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.987816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 Committee of the Lincei Academy has reviewed the scientific evidence supporting the efficacy and safety of existing and new drugs/biologics for the preventing and treating of COVID-19 and its complications. This position paper reports what we have learned in the field in the past 2 years. The focus was on, but not limited to, drugs and neutralizing monoclonal antibodies, anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory drugs, complement inhibitors and anticoagulant agents. We also discuss the risks/benefit of using cell therapies on COVID-19 patients. The report summarizes the available evidence, which supports recommendations from health authorities and panels of experts regarding some drugs and biologics, and highlights drugs that are not recommended, or drugs for which there is insufficient evidence to recommend for or against their use. We also address the issue of the safety of drugs used to treat underlying concomitant conditions in COVID-19 patients. The investigators did an enormous amount of work very quickly to understand better the nature and pathophysiology of COVID-19. This expedited the development and repurposing of safe and effective therapeutic interventions, saving an impressive number of lives in the community as well as in hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Remuzzi
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy
- *Correspondence: Giuseppe Remuzzi,
| | | | - Maria Gabriella Santoro
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, CNR, Rome, Italy
| | - Garret A. FitzGerald
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Gennaro Melino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Patrono
- Department of Pharmacology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
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29
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Lupu L, Horst K, Greven J, Mert Ü, Ludviksen JA, Pettersen K, Lau C, Li Y, Palmer A, Qin K, Zhang X, Mayer B, van Griensven M, Huber-Lang M, Hildebrand F, Mollnes TE. Simultaneous C5 and CD14 inhibition limits inflammation and organ dysfunction in pig polytrauma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:952267. [PMID: 36059503 PMCID: PMC9433645 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.952267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunctional complement activation and Toll-like receptor signaling immediately after trauma are associated with development of trauma-induced coagulopathy and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. We assessed the efficacy of the combined inhibition therapy of complement factor C5 and the TLR co-receptor CD14 on thrombo-inflammation and organ damage in an exploratory 72-h polytrauma porcine model, conducted under standard surgical and intensive care management procedures. Twelve male pigs were subjected to polytrauma, followed by resuscitation (ATLS® guidelines) and operation of the femur fracture (intramedullary nailing technique). The pigs were allocated to combined C5 and CD14 inhibition therapy group (n=4) and control group (n=8). The therapy group received intravenously C5 inhibitor (RA101295) and anti-CD14 antibody (rMil2) 30 min post-trauma. Controls received saline. Combined C5 and CD14 inhibition reduced the blood levels of the terminal complement complex (TCC) by 70% (p=0.004), CRP by 28% (p=0.004), and IL-6 by 52% (p=0.048). The inhibition therapy prevented the platelet consumption by 18% and TAT formation by 77% (p=0.008). Moreover, the norepinephrine requirements in the treated group were reduced by 88%. The inhibition therapy limited the organ damage, thereby reducing the blood lipase values by 50% (p=0.028), LDH by 30% (p=0.004), AST by 33%, and NGAL by 30%. Immunofluorescent analysis of the lung tissue revealed C5b-9 deposition on blood vessels in five from the untreated, and in none of the treated animals. In kidney and liver, the C5b-9 deposition was similarly detected mainly the untreated as compared to the treated animals. Combined C5 and CD14 inhibition limited the inflammatory response, the organ damage, and reduced the catecholamine requirements after experimental polytrauma and might be a promising therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmila Lupu
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma Immunology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Klemens Horst
- Department of Orthopedics, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Rheinisch-Westfalische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Johannes Greven
- Department of Orthopedics, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Rheinisch-Westfalische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ümit Mert
- Department of Orthopedics, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Rheinisch-Westfalische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | | | - Corinna Lau
- Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital Bodø, Bodø, Norway
| | - Yang Li
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma Immunology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Annette Palmer
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma Immunology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Kang Qin
- Department of Orthopedics, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Rheinisch-Westfalische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Xing Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Rheinisch-Westfalische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Mayer
- Institute of Epidemiology and Medical Biometry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Martijn van Griensven
- Department Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering (cBITE), MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Markus Huber-Lang
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Trauma Immunology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Frank Hildebrand
- Department of Orthopedics, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, Rheinisch-Westfalische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tom Eirik Mollnes
- Research Laboratory, Nordland Hospital Bodø, Bodø, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Center of Molecular Inflammation Research, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- *Correspondence: Tom Eirik Mollnes,
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30
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Multi-omics personalized network analyses highlight progressive disruption of central metabolism associated with COVID-19 severity. Cell Syst 2022; 13:665-681.e4. [PMID: 35933992 PMCID: PMC9263811 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2022.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The clinical outcome and disease severity in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are heterogeneous, and the progression or fatality of the disease cannot be explained by a single factor like age or comorbidities. In this study, we used system-wide network-based system biology analysis using whole blood RNA sequencing, immunophenotyping by flow cytometry, plasma metabolomics, and single-cell-type metabolomics of monocytes to identify the potential determinants of COVID-19 severity at personalized and group levels. Digital cell quantification and immunophenotyping of the mononuclear phagocytes indicated a substantial role in coordinating the immune cells that mediate COVID-19 severity. Stratum-specific and personalized genome-scale metabolic modeling indicated monocarboxylate transporter family genes (e.g., SLC16A6), nucleoside transporter genes (e.g., SLC29A1), and metabolites such as α-ketoglutarate, succinate, malate, and butyrate could play a crucial role in COVID-19 severity. Metabolic perturbations targeting the central metabolic pathway (TCA cycle) can be an alternate treatment strategy in severe COVID-19.
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31
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Radmark O. Formation of eicosanoids and other oxylipins in human macrophages. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 204:115210. [PMID: 35973581 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this review it is attempted to summarize current studies about formation of eicosanoids and other oxylipins in different human macrophages. There are several reports on M1 and M2 cells, also other phenotypes have been described. The eicosanoids formed in the largest amounts are the COX products TxB2 and PGE2. Thus shortlived bioactive TxA2 is a dominating product both in M1- and in M2-lineages, one exception seems to be MGM-CSF, TGFβ cells. 5-LOX products are produced in both M1 and M2 macrophages, as well as in not fully polarized cells of both lineages. MM-CSF as well as M2 macrophages produced LTC4 more readily compared to M1 lineage cells. In MGM-CSF, TGFβ cells LTB4 is a major eicosanoid, in line with high expression of LTA4 hydrolase. Recent reports described increased formation of leukotrienes in macrophages subjected to trained immunity with inflammatory transcriptional reprogramming. Also in macrophages derived from monocytes collected from post-COVID-19 patients. 15-LOX-1 is strongly upregulated in CD206+ M2 cells (M2a), differentiated in presence of IL-4. These macrophages also express 15-LOX-2. In incubations with pathogenic E. coli as well as other stimuli 15(S)-HETE and 17(S)-HDHA were major oxylipins formed. Also, the SPM precursor 5,15-diHETE and the SPM RvD5 were produced in considerable amounts, while other SPMs were less abundant. In M2 macrophages incubated with E. coli or S. aureus the cytosolic 15-LOX-1 enzyme accumulated to punctuate structures in a Ca2+ dependent manner with a relatively slow time course, leading to formation of mediators from endogenous substrate. Chalcones, flavone-like anti-inflammatory natural products, induced translocation of 15-LOX-1 in M2 cells, with high formation of 15-LOX derived oxylipins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olof Radmark
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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32
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Pal R, Bradford BM, Mabbott NA. Prion Disease in the Central Nervous System. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:918883. [PMID: 35875357 PMCID: PMC9302378 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.918883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases such as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans, bovine spongiform encephalopathy in cattle, and scrapie in sheep, are infectious and chronic neurodegenerative diseases to which there are no cures. Infection with prions in the central nervous system (CNS) ultimately causes extensive neurodegeneration, and this is accompanied by prominent microglial and astrocytic activation in affected regions. The microglia are the CNS macrophages and help maintain neuronal homeostasis, clear dead or dying cells and provide defense against pathogens. The microglia also provide neuroprotection during CNS prion disease, but their pro-inflammatory activation may exacerbate the development of the neuropathology. Innate immune tolerance induced by consecutive systemic bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment can induce long-term epigenetic changes in the microglia in the brain that several months later can dampen their responsiveness to subsequent LPS treatment and impede the development of neuritic damage in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease-like pathology. We therefore reasoned that innate immune tolerance in microglia might similarly impede the subsequent development of CNS prion disease. To test this hypothesis groups of mice were first infected with prions by intracerebral injection, and 35 days later given four consecutive systemic injections with LPS to induce innate immune tolerance. Our data show that consecutive systemic LPS treatment did not affect the subsequent development of CNS prion disease. Our data suggests innate immune tolerance in microglia does not influence the subsequent onset of prion disease-induced neuropathology in mice, despite previously published evidence of this effect in an Alzheimer’s disease mouse model.
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33
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Schultheiß C, Willscher E, Paschold L, Gottschick C, Klee B, Henkes SS, Bosurgi L, Dutzmann J, Sedding D, Frese T, Girndt M, Höll JI, Gekle M, Mikolajczyk R, Binder M. The IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF cytokine triad is associated with post-acute sequelae of COVID-19. Cell Rep Med 2022; 3:100663. [PMID: 35732153 PMCID: PMC9214726 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) is emerging as global problem with unknown molecular drivers. Using a digital epidemiology approach, we recruited 8,077 individuals to the cohort study for digital health research in Germany (DigiHero) to respond to a basic questionnaire followed by a PASC-focused survey and blood sampling. We report the first 318 participants, the majority thereof after mild infections. Of those, 67.8% report PASC, predominantly consisting of fatigue, dyspnea, and concentration deficit, which persists in 60% over the mean 8-month follow-up period and resolves independently of post-infection vaccination. PASC is not associated with autoantibodies, but with elevated IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF plasma levels, which we confirm in a validation cohort with 333 additional participants and a longer time from infection of 10 months. Blood profiling and single-cell data from early infection suggest the induction of these cytokines in COVID-19 lung pro-inflammatory macrophages creating a self-sustaining feedback loop. We report a post-COVID-19 digital epidemiology study with biomarker analysis (n = 651) PASC persists in 60% of participants up to 24 months after mild COVID-19 PASC is associated with high IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF levels but not autoantibodies Overactivated monocytes/macrophages are likely the source of cytokine production
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Schultheiß
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Oncology/Hematology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Edith Willscher
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Oncology/Hematology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Lisa Paschold
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Oncology/Hematology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Cornelia Gottschick
- Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics (IMEBI), Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Medical School of the Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Strasse 8, 06097 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Bianca Klee
- Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics (IMEBI), Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Medical School of the Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Strasse 8, 06097 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Svenja-Sibylla Henkes
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Oncology/Hematology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Lidia Bosurgi
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; Protozoa Immunology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Strasse 74, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jochen Dutzmann
- Mid-German Heart Center, Department of Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Daniel Sedding
- Mid-German Heart Center, Department of Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Thomas Frese
- Institute of General Practice and Family Medicine, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 8, 06112 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Matthias Girndt
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Jessica I Höll
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Michael Gekle
- Julius Bernstein-Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Str. 6, 06110 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Rafael Mikolajczyk
- Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics (IMEBI), Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Medical School of the Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Magdeburger Strasse 8, 06097 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Mascha Binder
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Oncology/Hematology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
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FitzGerald GA. COVID 19; Lipid Disruption is Pushing the Envelope. J Lipid Res 2022; 63:100240. [PMID: 35697092 PMCID: PMC9186645 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2022.100240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Finlay JB, Brann DH, Abi-Hachem R, Jang DW, Oliva AD, Ko T, Gupta R, Wellford SA, Moseman EA, Jang SS, Yan CH, Matusnami H, Tsukahara T, Datta SR, Goldstein BJ. Persistent post-COVID-19 smell loss is associated with inflammatory infiltration and altered olfactory epithelial gene expression. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2022:2022.04.17.488474. [PMID: 35478953 PMCID: PMC9044903 DOI: 10.1101/2022.04.17.488474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Most human subjects infected by SARS-CoV-2 report an acute alteration in their sense of smell, and more than 25% of COVID patients report lasting olfactory dysfunction. While animal studies and human autopsy tissues have suggested mechanisms underlying acute loss of smell, the pathophysiology that underlies persistent smell loss remains unclear. Here we combine objective measurements of smell loss in patients suffering from post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) with single cell sequencing and histology of the olfactory epithelium (OE). This approach reveals that the OE of patients with persistent smell loss harbors a diffuse infiltrate of T cells expressing interferon-gamma; gene expression in sustentacular cells appears to reflect a response to inflammatory signaling, which is accompanied by a reduction in the number of olfactory sensory neurons relative to support cells. These data identify a persistent epithelial inflammatory process associated with PASC, and suggests mechanisms through which this T cell-mediated inflammation alters the sense of smell.
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James LM, Georgopoulos AP. At the Root of 3 “Long” Diseases: Persistent Antigens Inflicting Chronic Damage on the Brain and Other Organs in Gulf War Illness, Long-COVID-19, and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Neurosci Insights 2022; 17:26331055221114817. [PMID: 35910083 PMCID: PMC9335483 DOI: 10.1177/26331055221114817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Several foreign antigens such as those derived from viruses and bacteria have been linked to long-term deleterious effects on the brain and other organs; yet, health outcomes subsequent to foreign antigen exposure vary depending in large part on the host’s immune system, in general, and on human leukocyte antigen (HLA) composition, in particular. Here we first provide a brief description of 3 conditions characterized by persistent long-term symptoms, namely long-COVID-19, myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS), and Gulf War Illness (GWI), followed by a brief overview of the role of HLA in the immune response to foreign antigens. We then discuss our Persistent Antigen (PA) hypothesis and highlight associations between antigen persistence due to HLA-antigen incongruence and chronic health conditions in general and the 3 “long” diseases above in particular. This review is not intended to cover the breadth and depth of symptomatology of those diseases but is specifically focused on the hypothesis that the presence of persistent antigens underlies their pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M James
- Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Brain Sciences Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Center for Cognitive Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Apostolos P Georgopoulos
- Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Brain Sciences Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Center for Cognitive Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Post-acute Sequelae in COVID-19 Survivors: an Overview. SN COMPREHENSIVE CLINICAL MEDICINE 2022; 4:91. [PMID: 35411333 PMCID: PMC8985741 DOI: 10.1007/s42399-022-01172-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In the acute phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection, varying degrees of clinical manifestations have been noticed in patients. Some patients who recovered from the infection developed long-term effects which have become of interest to the scientific and medical communities, as it relates to pathogenesis and the multidisciplinary approach to treatment. Long COVID (long-term or long-haul) is the collective term used to define recovered individuals of SARS-CoV-2 infection who have presented with persistent COVID symptoms, as well as the emergence of disorders and complications. Following the review of literature from major scientific databases, this paper investigated long COVID and the resulting post-sequela effects on survivors, regardless of initial disease severity. The clinical manifestations and multisystem complications of the disease specifically, cardiovascular, neurologic and psychologic, hematologic, pulmonary, dermatologic, and other ailments were discussed. Patients with chronic COVID-19 were found to experience heart thrombosis leading to myocardial infarction, inflammation, lung fibrosis, stroke, venous thromboembolism, arterial thromboembolism, "brain fog", general mood dysfunctions, dermatological issues, and fatigue. As the disease continues to progress and spread, and with the emergence of new variants the management of these persisting symptoms will pose a challenge for healthcare providers and medical systems in the next period of the pandemic. However, more information is needed about long COVID, particularly concerning certain patient populations, variability in follow-up times, the prevalence of comorbidities, and the evolution of the spread of infection. Thus, continued research needs to be conducted concerning the disease pathology to develop preventative measures and management strategies to treat long COVID.
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