1
|
Williams HN, Farley B. Trauma-informed care. Semin Pediatr Neurol 2024; 50:101139. [PMID: 38964815 DOI: 10.1016/j.spen.2024.101139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, trauma informed care has become a heavily researched topic; however, it has yet to achieve a universal standard in the field of pediatric medicine. One of the primary tenants of trauma informed care is a clear understanding of the pervasiveness and complexities of childhood trauma, and its intersection with a child and caregiver's physical wellness. A major component of trauma informed care is addressing the way medical providers may be exposed to vicarious trauma, secondary traumatic stress, and compassion fatigue. By taking proactive steps to educate medical providers on the effects of trauma, they are better equipped to assess a family's needs and provide enhanced quality of care for their patients and themselves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heather N Williams
- Director-SAFEchild Advocacy Center, Medical Director-Child Maltreatment Team, WakeMed Children's Hospital, Raleigh, NC, USA.
| | - Brenna Farley
- Program Manager-SAFEchild Advocacy Center, Raleigh, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Coleman E. Education for Health Care Providers on Implementation of Trauma-Informed Care in Practice. J Contin Educ Nurs 2024; 55:246-252. [PMID: 38329396 DOI: 10.3928/00220124-20240201-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic experiences can adversely affect a child's health. These effects often continue into adulthood, especially when trauma is not addressed. Although the evidence shows benefits with addressing trauma earlier in life, trauma-informed care of children is underused in primary care. Health care providers (nurses, nurse practitioners, physicians) report gaps in knowledge of trauma-informed care and in their comfort level addressing trauma in primary care. METHOD This project investigated the use of continuing education sessions to increase health care providers' knowledge and readiness to implement trauma-informed care into their practice. RESULTS The education sessions improved health care providers' knowledge and comfort with trauma-informed care. CONCLUSION This intervention improved providers' readiness to implement trauma-informed care into their primary care practice. [J Contin Educ Nurs. 2024;55(5):246-252.].
Collapse
|
3
|
Martinez A, Ye M, Hessler D, de la Rosa R, Benson M, Gilgoff R, Koita K, Bucci M, Harris NB, Long D, Thakur N. Adverse Childhood Experiences and Related Events are Associated with Asthma Symptoms in Children. Acad Pediatr 2024; 24:669-676. [PMID: 38246348 DOI: 10.1016/j.acap.2024.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the association between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and related events and asthma symptom burden in children. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study of baseline data from 147 participants with asthma from a cohort of children enrolled in the Pediatric ACEs Screening and Resiliency Study. Participants completed the PEdiatric ACEs and Related Life Events Screener (PEARLS) tool, a 17-item questionnaire, capturing 3 domains of childhood adversity-child maltreatment, household challenges, and social context. Asthma symptom burden was assessed using the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood core questionnaire, which asks participants to identify the presence and frequency of severe wheezing that limits speech, wheezing with exercise, nocturnal wheezing, and nocturnal cough in the last 12 months. Using multivariable logistical regression models, we examined the relationship between reported PEARLS and asthma symptoms. RESULTS Of children with asthma, 86% reported at least 1 adversity, with 48% reporting 4 or more. The odds of severe wheeze limiting speech increased by 19% with each additional reported adversity captured by the PEARLS tool (95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.01-1.41). Increasing PEARLS scores were also associated with 16% increased odds of reporting wheeze with exercise (95% CI 1.03-1.31). Wheezing with exercise was associated with the household challenges domain (odds ratio (OR) 1.34; 95% CI 1.05-1.72), while severe wheeze limiting speech was associated with the social context domain (OR 1.75; 95%CI 1.02-3.02). CONCLUSIONS Childhood adversities are associated with increased asthma symptom burden, suggesting the tool may be helpful in identifying children at risk for poorly controlled asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adali Martinez
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine (A Martinez, Y Ye, D Hessler, R de la Rosa, and N Thakur)
| | - Morgan Ye
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine (A Martinez, Y Ye, D Hessler, R de la Rosa, and N Thakur)
| | - Danielle Hessler
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine (A Martinez, Y Ye, D Hessler, R de la Rosa, and N Thakur)
| | - Rosemarie de la Rosa
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine (A Martinez, Y Ye, D Hessler, R de la Rosa, and N Thakur)
| | - Mindy Benson
- UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland (M Benson and D Long), Oakland, Calif
| | - Rachel Gilgoff
- Center for Youth Wellness (R Gilgoff, K Koita, M Bucci, and NB Harris), San Francisco, Calif
| | - Kadiatou Koita
- Center for Youth Wellness (R Gilgoff, K Koita, M Bucci, and NB Harris), San Francisco, Calif
| | - Monica Bucci
- Center for Youth Wellness (R Gilgoff, K Koita, M Bucci, and NB Harris), San Francisco, Calif
| | - Nadine Burke Harris
- Center for Youth Wellness (R Gilgoff, K Koita, M Bucci, and NB Harris), San Francisco, Calif
| | - Dayna Long
- UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland (M Benson and D Long), Oakland, Calif
| | - Neeta Thakur
- University of California San Francisco, School of Medicine (A Martinez, Y Ye, D Hessler, R de la Rosa, and N Thakur).
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Mehra S, Salinas-Miranda AA, Buro AW, Marshall J, Kirby RS. The role of adverse childhood experiences in obesity among adolescents with autism spectrum disorder: National survey of Children's health 2018-2019. Disabil Health J 2024; 17:101550. [PMID: 37968201 DOI: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2023.101550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are at an increased risk of overweight/obesity and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). OBJECTIVE This study examined whether ACEs increased the odds of overweight/obesity in adolescents with ASD. METHODS This cross-sectional study used National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH) 2018-2019 data (N = 31,533 children ages 10-17 years, including n = 480 children with mild ASD and n = 423 children with moderate/severe ASD with normal or overweight/obese BMI). Parent-reported body mass index (BMI) was coded as overweight/obesity vs. normal weight. The independent variable was the count of nine ACEs. Binary logistic regression was conducted, controlling for social ecological factors. RESULTS The odds of overweight/obesity in adolescents with ASD with 1-2 ACEs (OR 1.3, CI 1.1-1.4) and 3+ ACEs (OR 1.6, CI 1.3-2.0) were higher than those with 0 ACEs; odds increased with higher counts of ACEs. Household income level was the most significant sociodemographic influence on odds of obesity in adolescents with ASD (0-99 % Federal Poverty Level: OR 1.9, CI 1.6-2.3). Adolescents with moderate/severe ASD (OR 1.7, CI 1.2-2.5) and mild ASD (OR 1.6, CI 1.0-2.4) had higher odds of overweight/obesity after accounting for ACEs, race/ethnicity, sex, household income, and physical activity. CONCLUSION Findings indicated ACEs are associated with ASD, which calls for integration of ACEs information within trauma-informed care practices for obesity prevention and intervention for adolescents with ASD. Persistent disparities of overweight/obesity exist by race/ethnicity, sex, and household income within this population, which indicates the need for tailoring trauma-informed approaches to the unique needs of this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saloni Mehra
- University of South Florida, College of Public Health, 13201 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, United States.
| | - Abraham A Salinas-Miranda
- University of South Florida, College of Public Health, 13201 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, United States.
| | - Acadia W Buro
- University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, United States.
| | - Jennifer Marshall
- University of South Florida, College of Public Health, 13201 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, United States.
| | - Russell S Kirby
- University of South Florida, College of Public Health, 13201 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL, 33612, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hibbs CA. Predicting comorbid mental health difficulties in people with autoimmune arthritis. Rheumatol Int 2024; 44:459-468. [PMID: 38236426 PMCID: PMC10866777 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-023-05519-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Little is known about variables impacting the association between mental health difficulties and autoimmune conditions. This study investigates whether, age of onset, adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), and 'illness invisibility' predict comorbid mental health difficulties in people with autoimmune arthritis. Participants with autoimmune arthritis (N = 209) were recruited via social media platforms. Age of onset of arthritis and the temporal order of mental health difficulties (if applicable) were collected alongside a measure of personality and ACEs. A novel measure of illness invisibility was developed for this study. A cross-sectional mixed-subject design was utilised. 53.5% of the sample endorsed lifetime mental health difficulties. Logistic regression analyses revealed participants with a younger age of onset of arthritis had significantly higher odds of developing a mental health problem (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.90-0.96). Independently, Illness Invisibility, endorsed by 89.9% of participants, significantly predicted postmorbid mental health difficulties (OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.01-1.19). Adverse Childhood Experiences were frequently endorsed within the sample with 37.8% reporting ≥ 3 cumulative ACEs. Every unit increase in ACEs increased the odds of having comorbid mental health difficulties (OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.09-1.47). Young people who are diagnosed with autoimmune arthritis maybe more likely to experience subsequent mental health difficulties. The 'invisibility' of their illness and exposure to ACEs also is associated with their risk for mental health complications. These findings highlight the importance of mental health screening for young people being investigated for arthritis and interdisciplinary care, especially for young people.
Collapse
|
6
|
Negriff S, Sidell MA, DiGangi MJ. Adverse childhood experiences screening in healthcare settings: A focus on pediatric primary care. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024:106709. [PMID: 38418328 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.106709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) screening in healthcare settings is emerging as one of the tangible responses to address the consistent evidence linking ACEs with health. Kaiser Permanente Southern California (KPSC) began ACEs screening in pediatric primary care in 2018 and has developed screening and referral processes based on continued feedback from stakeholders as well as data driven assessment. OBJECTIVE We give an overview of the state of ACEs screening in pediatric healthcare settings, challenges facing pediatric providers, and suggestions to address them. We then describe the development of our ACEs screening and referral process within KPSC as an example of how a large healthcare system has implemented and adapted ACEs screening from pilot testing, to phased expansion, to complete implementation. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Children aged 2-18 years old who were members of KPSC 2018-2023. RESULTS We present data on the tailored screening and referral workflows we have developed, rates of positive screens and referrals, and how the initiation of ACEs screening may affect the rates of visit to behavioral health as a treatment option. We also integrate qualitative data to demonstrate the perspective of parents, with the goal of understanding what might help or hinder receipt of behavioral health treatment after ACEs screening. CONCLUSIONS We close with future directions for ACEs screening in healthcare settings and considerations for pediatric healthcare providers who may want to begin ACEs screening or adapt their screening and referral processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sonya Negriff
- Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Department of Research & Evaluation, United States of America.
| | - Margo A Sidell
- Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Department of Research & Evaluation, United States of America
| | - Mercie J DiGangi
- Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Department of Pediatrics, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Qu G, Liu H, Han T, Zhang H, Ma S, Sun L, Qin Q, Chen M, Zhou X, Sun Y. Association between adverse childhood experiences and sleep quality, emotional and behavioral problems and academic achievement of children and adolescents. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 33:527-538. [PMID: 36869931 PMCID: PMC9985439 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-023-02185-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
The impact of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on adult health has been extensively examined, but the association between ACEs and sleep, emotion, behavior and academic outcomes of children and adolescents is not well known. A total of 6363 primary and middle school students were included to examine the effect of ACEs on sleep quality, emotional and behavioral problems and academic achievement and further explore the mediation role of sleep quality and emotional and behavioral problems. Children and adolescents with ACE exposure had 1.37 times risk of poor sleep quality (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 1.37, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.21-1.55), 1.91 times risk of emotional and behavioral problems (adjusted OR = 1.91, 95%CI: 1.69-2.15) and 1.21 times risk of self-reported lower academic achievement (adjusted OR = 1.21, 95%CI: 1.08-1.36). Most types of ACEs were significantly associated with poor sleep quality, emotional and behavioral problems and lower academic achievement. There were dose-response relationships between cumulative ACE exposure and risk of poor sleep quality, emotional and behavioral problems, and lower academic achievement. Sleep quality and emotional and behavioral performance mediated 45.9% of the effect of ACEs exposure on math scores and 15.2% of the effect of ACEs exposure on English scores. Early detection and prevention of ACEs among children and adolescents are urgent and essential, and targeted interventions for sleep and emotional and behavioral performance as well as early educational interventions are recommended for children with ACEs exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangbo Qu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Haixia Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Tiantian Han
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Huimei Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Shaodi Ma
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Liang Sun
- Fuyang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.19, Zhongnan Avenue, Fuyang, 236000, Anhui, China
| | - Qirong Qin
- Ma'anshan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No.849, Jiangdong Avenue, Ma'anshan, 243000, Anhui, China
| | - Mingchun Chen
- Changfeng Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changfeng, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoqin Zhou
- Chaohu Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 238000, Anhui, China
| | - Yehuan Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, Anhui, China.
- Chaohu Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 238000, Anhui, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Schwartz A, Galera C, Arsandaux J, Montagni I, Tzourio C. Adverse Childhood Experiences and Illegal Drug Use Among College Students: Findings from a French Sample. Int J Behav Med 2024:10.1007/s12529-023-10256-0. [PMID: 38169052 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-023-10256-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While studies have demonstrated the negative impact of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on lifelong health, less is known about the relationship between ACEs and illegal drug use. Thus, the objective of the study was to examine the relationship between ACEs and illegal drug use among college students. METHODS French college students between 18 and 30 years enrolled in a university cohort study were eligible for inclusion. Multivariate logistic regression models were conducted for each drug. RESULTS Among the sample (n = 1,157), 30.6% had no ACE exposure, 29.6%, 19.2%, and 20.7% had 1, 2 and ≥ 3 ACEs, respectively. Students with ACEs had a higher likelihood of using illegal drugs (p = 0.0067). After controlling for potential confounders, having ≥ 3 ACEs increased the risk of lifetime use of multiple drugs (aOR:10.9; 95% CI: 4.6-26.0), stimulants (aOR: 3.6; 95% CI:1.7-7.7), hallucinogens (aOR: 2.0; 95% CI: 1.1-3.5), cannabis (aOR: 4.7; 95% CI: 2.7-8.0), and risky illegal drugs (e.g., higher lifetime frequency drug use) (aOR: 2.9; 95% CI: 1.5-5.8). Estimates for illegal drug use were highest with parental substance use (aOR: 2.6; 95% CI; 1.5-4.4), sexual abuse (aOR: 2.3; 95% CI; 1.4-3.8), and divorce (aOR: 1.9; 95% CI: 1.3-2.7). CONCLUSIONS ACEs increase the risk for lifetime illegal drug use and risky drug use in a dose-respondent fashion. These findings suggest that university students with higher levels of ACEs may benefit from additional support and services from clinical practitioners and university administrators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashlyn Schwartz
- Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, U1219, CHU Bordeaux, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, F-33000, 33076, Inserm, Bordeaux, France.
- Public Health, University of Tennessee-Knoxville, Knoxville, USA.
| | - Cédric Galera
- Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, U1219, CHU Bordeaux, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, F-33000, 33076, Inserm, Bordeaux, France
- Charles Perrens Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Julie Arsandaux
- Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, U1219, CHU Bordeaux, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, F-33000, 33076, Inserm, Bordeaux, France
| | - Ilaria Montagni
- Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, U1219, CHU Bordeaux, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, F-33000, 33076, Inserm, Bordeaux, France
| | - Christophe Tzourio
- Univ. Bordeaux, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, U1219, CHU Bordeaux, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, F-33000, 33076, Inserm, Bordeaux, France
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Schwartz A, Galera C, Kerbage H, Montagni I, Tzourio C. Adverse Childhood Experiences and ADHD Symptoms Among French College Students. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT TRAUMA 2023; 16:1109-1117. [PMID: 38045835 PMCID: PMC10689313 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-023-00543-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
To examine the relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) among college students. We investigated the association between ACEs and ADHD symptoms among French college students enrolled in the i-Share cohort using multivariate logistic regression models. The sample comprised of 1062 participants with a mean age of 20.3 (SD = 2.3) of which 30.6% had no ACEs exposure, 29.6% had 1 ACE, 19.2% had 2 ACEs, and 20.6% had ≥ 3 ACEs. After controlling for potential confounders, every increase in ACE exposure heightened the risk of ADHD symptoms with the respective adjusted Odds Ratios and 95% confidence intervals: 1 ACE: 2.1 (0.7-6.3) / 2 ACEs: 4.5 (2.6-12.8)/ ≥ 3 ACEs: 5.2 (1.8-14.8). Estimates for ADHD symptoms were higher with sexual abuse, emotional and physical neglect, and bullying. Findings suggest that ACEs heighten the risk for developing ADHD symptoms among college students and bear important implications for prevention and clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashlyn Schwartz
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, U1219, CHU Bordeaux, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- Department of Public Health, University of Tennessee-Knoxville, Knoxville, USA
| | - Cédric Galera
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, U1219, CHU Bordeaux, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
- Charles Perrens Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Hala Kerbage
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Saint Eloi University Hospital, 34090 Montpellier, France
- Center for Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP) INSERM U1018, Developmental Psychiatry Team, Paris-Saclay University, Villejuif Cedex 94807, Paris, France
| | - Ilaria Montagni
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, U1219, CHU Bordeaux, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Christophe Tzourio
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, U1219, CHU Bordeaux, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ee JS, Culp PA, Bevis ZJ, Dogbey GY, Agnello RN, Chang MH. Chronic Pain and Childhood Adversity Experiences Among U.S. Military Personnel. Mil Med 2023; 188:561-566. [PMID: 37948239 DOI: 10.1093/milmed/usad244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic pain in a military population is prevalent, is costly, and can limit daily activities and affect soldier readiness. It has been associated with childhood adversity (CA) within the veteran, adult, and pediatric populations. Given the need to maximize soldier resiliency, an examination of the link between CA and chronic pain in an active duty population for a better understanding that informs treatment options is warranted. MATERIALS AND METHODS The analytic sample comprised 32 men and 8 women drawn from a retrospective review of 203 intake assessments at an interdisciplinary pain management center. We identified a group (CA) of 20 patients who reported a history of pre-adolescent sexual abuse or living in an "abusive" childhood home and compared it with a control group (no-CA) of 20 patients, matched for age, gender, pain history duration, and pain problem. Validated measures were used to assess pain intensity, interference in functioning and well-being, emotional sequelae of pain as reflected in symptoms of depression and anxiety, and pain-related catastrophic thinking. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and independent samples t-test analyses. RESULTS Differences in current, worst, and average pain ratings were non-significant between groups. The CA group reported significantly greater effect of pain on mood (mean: 6.20 versus 4.25, P < .02) and showed a trend toward higher pain interference in functioning (mean: 17.70 versus 15.05, P = .053). The CA patients had significantly more serious depression (mean: 12.65 versus 4.50, P < .001) and anxiety symptoms (mean: 10.60 versus 2.35, P < .001) and significantly higher pain catastrophizing tendency (mean: 30.05 versus 20.50, P < .03). CONCLUSIONS Overall, the findings suggest that childhood trauma should be considered by providers when treating depression and anxiety in soldiers with chronic pain. Being mindful of trauma-informed care may have implications, perhaps, for cases perceived as treatment resistant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juliana S Ee
- Department of Family Medicine, Womack Army Medical Center, Fort Liberty, NC 28310, USA
| | - Phillip A Culp
- Department of Family Medicine, Dwight D. Eisenhower Army Medical Center, Fort Gordon, GA 30905, USA
| | - Zachary J Bevis
- Department of Family Medicine, Womack Army Medical Center, Fort Liberty, NC 28310, USA
| | - Godwin Y Dogbey
- Department of Research and Medical Education, Campbell University, Jerry M. Wallace School of Osteopathic Medicine, Lillington, NC 27546, USA
| | - Robert N Agnello
- Department of Family Medicine, Campbell University, Jerry M. Wallace School of Osteopathic Medicine, Lillington, NC 27546, USA
| | - Min Ho Chang
- Department of Medicine, Womack Army Medical Center, Fort Liberty, NC 28310, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Diedrick M, Clements-Nolle K, Anderson M, Yang W. Adverse childhood experiences and clustering of high-risk behaviors among high school students: a cross-sectional study. Public Health 2023; 221:39-45. [PMID: 37393751 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study assessed the association between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and clustering of high-risk behaviors in a sample of high school students. STUDY DESIGN This was a cross-sectional study. METHODS A sample of students who attended randomly selected classes in 99 high schools completed the 2019 Nevada Youth Risk Behavior Survey (N = 4959). The survey included six ACE measures: (1) physical abuse, (2) sexual abuse, (3) verbal abuse, (4) household physical abuse, (5) household mental illness, and (6) household substance abuse. Students were assigned a cumulative ACE score (range = 0-6). A count of high-risk behavior domains was created using multiple questions across the following domains: (1) violence behaviors, (2) suicidal indicators, (3) non-suicidal self-injury, (4) substance use, (5) high-risk sexual behaviors, (6) poor diet, (7) physical inactivity, and (8) high screen time (range = 0-8). The relationship between ACEs and the count of high-risk behavior domains was assessed using weighted negative binomial regression; incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were calculated adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics. RESULTS More than 40% of the sampled students reported high-risk behaviors across two or more domains. There was a strong, graded relationship between cumulative ACE score and the count of high-risk behavior domains. Compared with students who experienced zero ACEs, there was an increase in the count of high-risk behavior domains among students who experienced one ACE (adjusted IRR [aIRR] = 1.22, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.12-1.33), two ACEs (aIRR = 1.57, 95% CI = 1.42-1.73), three ACEs (aIRR = 1.73, 95% CI = 1.54-1.94), four ACEs (aIRR = 2.07, 95% CI = 1.84-2.33), five ACEs (aIRR = 2.69, 95% CI = 2.34-3.10), and six ACEs (aIRR = 2.91, 95% CI = 2.34-3.62). CONCLUSION Trauma-informed prevention efforts may be an efficient way to address multiple adolescent risk behaviors that cluster.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Diedrick
- University of Nevada, Reno School of Public Health, United States
| | - K Clements-Nolle
- University of Nevada, Reno School of Public Health, United States.
| | - M Anderson
- University of Nevada, Reno School of Public Health, United States
| | - W Yang
- University of Nevada, Reno School of Public Health, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Thyen U, Spiegler J, Konrad K. [The biopsychosocial understanding of health disorders and impairments in children with a focus on developmental neurological relationships]. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2023:10.1007/s00103-023-03732-1. [PMID: 37322378 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-023-03732-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The distinction between mental (spiritual and psychological) and physical health disorders is particularly difficult due to the special features of neurobiological development in children and adolescents. In this review article, the basics of developmental neurology are briefly described. On the basis of some congenital or early acquired neurological diseases, it is then shown to what extent mental processes can be impaired in interactions with the social context. Taking these aspects into account plays an important role in child and family-oriented counseling and support. The common occurrence of physical, mental, and psychological development disorders, which is also very variable between individuals and fluctuates over the course of a person's life, requires good interdisciplinary cooperation between conservative and surgical child and adolescent medicine and child and adolescent psychiatry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ute Thyen
- Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Universität zu Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Deutschland.
| | - Juliane Spiegler
- Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Deutschland
| | - Kerstin Konrad
- Sektion Klinische Neuropsychologie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Deutschland
- JARA-Brain Institut-II Molekulare Neurowissenschaften und Bildgebung (INM-11), Forschungszentrum Jülich/Aachen, Aachen, Deutschland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Cross LM, Warren-Findlow J, Bowling J, Reeve CL, Issel LM. A pilot study of the adverse childhood experiences-dimensions questionnaire (ACE-DQ): Associations with depression. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2023; 140:106158. [PMID: 36996592 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent ACE research proposed items to assess ACE dimensions, such as the frequency or timing of adverse events, that can be added to the original ACE-Study Questionnaire. OBJECTIVE The goal of our study was to pilot-test the refined ACE-Dimensions Questionnaire (ACE-DQ) to determine its predictive validity and compare scoring approaches. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Cross-sectional online survey via MTurk with U.S. adults to collect data on the ACE-Study Questionnaire and the newly developed ACE dimension items, and mental health outcomes. METHODS We compared ACE exposure by assessment approach and their associations with depression outcomes. We used logistic regression to compare the predictive validity of different ACE scoring approaches for depression outcomes. RESULTS Participants (n = 450) were on average 36 years old, half were female, and the majority was White. Almost half reported depressive symptoms; approximately two-thirds had experienced ACEs. Participants reporting depression had significantly higher ACE scores. Using the ACE index, participants with ACEs were 45 % more likely to report depression symptoms than participants without ACEs (OR 1.45, 95%CI 1.33-1.58). When using perception-weighted scores, participants had smaller, yet significant odds of reporting depression outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the ACE index may overestimate the impact of ACEs and the effects of ACEs on depression. Adding the comprehensive set of conceptual dimensions to more fully weigh participants' experience of adverse events can increase the accuracy of ACE measurement but will also increase participant burden considerably. We recommend including items to assess a person's perception of each adverse event for improved screening efforts and in research focused on cumulative adversity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Cross
- Center for Health Equity Research, Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 333 S Columbia St, Chapel Hill, NC 27516, United States of America.
| | - Jan Warren-Findlow
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Blvd, Charlotte, NC 28223, United States of America.
| | - Jessamyn Bowling
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Blvd, Charlotte, NC 28223, United States of America.
| | - Charlie L Reeve
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Blvd, Charlotte, NC 28223, United States of America.
| | - L Michele Issel
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 9201 University City Blvd, Charlotte, NC 28223, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hotez E, Rava J, Russ S, Ware A, Halfon N. Using a life course health development framework to combat stigma-related health disparities for individuals with intellectual and/or developmental disability (I/DD). Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care 2023; 53:101433. [PMID: 37867057 DOI: 10.1016/j.cppeds.2023.101433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
In the U.S., 1 in 6 children has an intellectual and/or developmental disability (I/DD). This population experiences a multitude of negative health outcomes across the life course, relative to the general population. Stigma-the social devaluation of individuals with certain characteristics, identities, or statuses within interpersonal, educational, healthcare, and policy contexts-is a potentially preventable contributor to health disparities. To date, existing approaches for addressing and preventing stigma are limited to discrete and siloed interventions that often fail to address the lifelong, cumulative impacts of the specific types of stigma experienced by the I/DD population. In the current paper, we describe three elements of Life Course Health Development (LCHD)-a novel translational framework that draws on evidence from biology, sociology, epidemiology, and psychology-that healthcare providers can use to prevent stigma-related health disparities and improve outcomes for individuals with I//DDs. We discuss the utility of targeting prevention to sensitive periods; prioritizing interventions for the most damaging types of stigmas; and leveraging supports from multiple service systems and sectors. By incorporating evidence from life course science into efforts to address stigma-related health disparities, providers can more effectively and strategically prevent and combat stigma-related health disparities for the I/DD population in childhood and across the life course.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Hotez
- University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of General Internal Medicine / Health Services Research, 911 Broxton Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, United States; University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Center for Healthier Children, Families, & Communities, 10960 Wilshire Blvd., Suite 960, Los Angeles, CA 90024-3913, United States.
| | - Julianna Rava
- University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of General Internal Medicine / Health Services Research, 911 Broxton Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, United States; University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Center for Healthier Children, Families, & Communities, 10960 Wilshire Blvd., Suite 960, Los Angeles, CA 90024-3913, United States
| | - Shirley Russ
- University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of General Internal Medicine / Health Services Research, 911 Broxton Ave, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, United States; University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Center for Healthier Children, Families, & Communities, 10960 Wilshire Blvd., Suite 960, Los Angeles, CA 90024-3913, United States
| | - Allysa Ware
- Family Voices, 110 Hartwell Avenue, Lexington, MA, 02421, United States
| | - Neal Halfon
- University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Center for Healthier Children, Families, & Communities, 10960 Wilshire Blvd., Suite 960, Los Angeles, CA 90024-3913, United States; Department of Health Policy and Management, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Department of Public Policy, UCLA Luskin School of Public Affairs, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Nagata JM, Trompeter N, Singh G, Raney J, Ganson KT, Testa A, Jackson DB, Murray SB, Baker FC. Adverse childhood experiences and early adolescent cyberbullying in the United States. J Adolesc 2023; 95:609-616. [PMID: 36443937 PMCID: PMC10079567 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION With the increasing use of social media and online platforms among adolescents, the relationship between traumatic life events and cyberbullying remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the associations between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and cyberbullying victimization among a racially/ethnically and socioeconomically diverse sample of early adolescents. METHODS We analyzed longitudinal data from 10,317 participants in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study, baseline (2016-2018, ages 9-10 years) to Year 2. Logistic regression analyses were used to estimate associations between ACEs and cyberbullying victimization, adjusting for sex, race/ethnicity, country of birth, household income, parental education, and study site. RESULTS In the sample (48.7% female, 46.0% racial/ethnic minority), 81.3% of early adolescents reported at least one ACE, and 9.6% reported cyberbullying victimization. In general, there was a dose-response relationship between the number of ACEs and cyberbullying victimization, as two (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.45, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.13-1.85), three (AOR: 2.08, 95% CI: 1.57-2.74), and four or more (AOR: 2.37, 95% CI: 1.61-3.49) ACEs were associated with cyberbullying victimization in adjusted models. In models examining the specific type of ACE, sexual abuse (AOR: 2.27, 95% CI: 1.26-4.11), physical neglect (AOR: 1.61, 95% CI: 1.24-2.09), and household mental health problems (AOR: 1.39, 95% CI: 1.18-1.65) had the strongest associations with cyberbullying victimization. CONCLUSION Adolescents who have experienced ACEs are at greater risk for experiencing cyberbullying. Interventions to prevent cyberbullying could use a trauma-informed framework, including inter-peer interventions to break this cycle of trauma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jason M. Nagata
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, 550 16 Street, 4 Floor, Box 0110, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Nora Trompeter
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Emotional Health, Macquarie University, 16 University Ave, Macquarie University NSW 2109, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gurbinder Singh
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, 550 16 Street, 4 Floor, Box 0110, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Julia Raney
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, 550 16 Street, 4 Floor, Box 0110, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kyle T. Ganson
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, 246 Bloor Street W, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1V4, Canada
| | - Alexander Testa
- Department of Management, Policy and Community Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 7000 Fannin St, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Dylan B. Jackson
- Department of Population, Family, and Reproductive Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Stuart B. Murray
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, 2250 Alcazar St #2200, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Fiona C. Baker
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Ave., Menlo Park, CA 94025 USA
- School of Physiology, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, 2193, Johannesburg, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sherin KM, Stillerman AJ, Chandrasekar L, Went NS, Niebuhr DW. Recommendations for Population-Based Applications of the Adverse Childhood Experiences Study: Position Statement by the American College of Preventive Medicine. AJPM FOCUS 2022; 1:100039. [PMID: 37791246 PMCID: PMC10546534 DOI: 10.1016/j.focus.2022.100039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Childhood adversity profoundly influences health, well-being, and longevity. Prevention and interventions to mitigate its harmful effects are essential. The American College of Preventive Medicine reviewed the research literature and other professional and governmental statements about adverse childhood experiences to support the development of evidence-based and population-focused recommendations about prevention, screening, and mitigation interventions for childhood adversity. Methods We performed an umbrella review to find, assess and synthesize the evidence from systematic reviews focused on 3 key questions: the prevention or mitigation of the effects of adverse childhood experiences; the association of screening for adverse childhood experiences with various benefits, including health outcomes; and the effectiveness and harms of interventions in individuals with elevated adverse childhood experience scores. Adverse childhood experience‒related recommendations from 6 professional and governmental organizations were also reviewed. On the basis of these reviews, the American College of Preventive Medicine developed a position statement through consensus. Results A total of 8 systematic reviews, including 260 studies in total, were identified and combined with adverse childhood experiences‒related recommendations from 6 professional organizations to support the American College of Preventive Medicine recommendations. The American College of Preventive Medicine offers 7 adverse childhood experiences‒related recommendations focused on screening, education/training, policy/practice, and research: 2 are evidence-based, and 5 are based on expert opinion. Notably, regarding secondary prevention of adverse childhood experiences, the American College of Preventive Medicine endorses population-level surveillance and research around childhood adversity but not adverse childhood experience screening in individual clinical encounters. Conclusions Despite limitations in the heterogeneity and quality of the published systematic reviews, the extant literature supports the American College of Preventive Medicine recommendations. Interventions to enhance protective factors and prevent and mitigate the consequences of adverse childhood experiences and other childhood adversity are promising and require further implementation and research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M. Sherin
- Department of Family Medicine & Rural Health, Florida State University College of Medicine, Orlando, Florida
- Department of Medicine, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, Florida
| | - Audrey J. Stillerman
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, School Health Centers, Office of Community Engagement and Neighborhood Health Partnerships, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Laxmipradha Chandrasekar
- Family Medicine Residency, AdventHealth Sebring, Sebring, Florida
- Clinical Operations, Clinica Mi Salud, Orlando, Florida
| | - Nils S. Went
- Collaborative Care Clinician, Clinica Mi Salud, Orlando, Florida
- Department of Psychiatry, Brookdale University Hospital Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York
| | - David W. Niebuhr
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lopez-Tamayo R, Suarez L, Simpson D, Volpe K. The Impact of Adverse Childhood Experiences and Community Violence Exposure on a Sample of Anxious, Treatment-Seeking Children. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT TRAUMA 2022; 15:1081-1093. [PMID: 36439664 PMCID: PMC9684382 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-022-00447-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Screening for adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) can help prevent and reduce adverse outcomes on child development, including increased risk for anxiety disorders. Emerging studies strongly support the inclusion of community-level adversities in ACE screeners to consider diverse contexts and populations. Recent studies suggest that community violence exposure (CVE) may have a distinct impact on youth mental health. Although recent studies have examined the association between ACEs, CVE, and mental health in primary care settings, this association has not been examined on treatment-seeking children in urban mental health settings. The present study employs a mediation model using the PROCESS macro to examine community violence exposure mediating the effect on the association between ACEs and somatic symptoms (SS) on a sample of anxious treatment-seeking children. A total of 98 participants (Mage = 11.7, SD = 3.79, 51.6% males, 54.1% ethnic minority children) who sought services at a specialized anxiety clinic completed self-report measures. Results indicated that exposure to ACEs is associated with endorsement of somatic symptoms as a result of reporting hearing, witnessing, or experiencing CVE. Evidence of mediation was found in a statistically significant indirect effect of ACEs on SS through CREV (Effect = .17, 95% CI = .069-.294). These findings support recent evidence that CVE is a distinct ACE as it contributes to toxic stress similar to individual-level ACEs. The use of a comprehensive ACE screening that includes CVE is warranted, particularly when working with culturally and socioeconomically diverse populations, as it would better capture a broader range of adversities across demographic groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Lopez-Tamayo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois USA
| | - Liza Suarez
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois USA
| | | | - Kelley Volpe
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Gentry SV, Paterson BA. Does screening or routine enquiry for adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) meet criteria for a screening programme? A rapid evidence summary. J Public Health (Oxf) 2022; 44:810-822. [PMID: 34231848 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdab238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are traumatic events in childhood that can have impacts throughout life. It has been suggested that ACEs should be 'screened' for, or routinely enquired about, in childhood or adulthood. The aim of this work is to review evidence for this against the United Kingdom National Screening Committee (UKNSC) programme criteria. METHODS A rapid review of evidence on ACEs screening was conducted using the approach of the UKNSC. RESULTS Good quality evidence was identified from meta-analyses for associations between ACEs and a wide range of adverse outcomes. There was no consistent evidence on the most suitable screening tool, setting of administration, and time or frequency of use. Routine enquiry among adults was feasible and acceptable to service users and professionals in various settings. A wide range of potentially effective interventions was identified. Limited evidence was available on the potential for screening or routine enquiry to reduce morbidity and mortality or possible harms of screening. CONCLUSIONS Based on the application of available evidence to UKNSC screening criteria, there is currently insufficient evidence to recommend the implementation of a screening programme for ACEs. Further research is needed to determine whether routine enquiry can improve morbidity, mortality, health and wellbeing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S V Gentry
- Public Health England East of England Centre, Fulbourn, Cambridge CB21 5XA, UK.,Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - B A Paterson
- Public Health England East of England Centre, Fulbourn, Cambridge CB21 5XA, UK
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lobitz CA, Yamaguchi I. Lifestyle Interventions for Elevated Blood Pressure in Childhood-Approaches and Outcomes. Curr Hypertens Rep 2022; 24:589-598. [PMID: 35972678 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-022-01217-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of existing and emerging lifestyle treatments in the clinical management of primary elevated blood pressure and hypertension in pediatric patients. The authors hope to expand the knowledge base surrounding pediatric hypertension and update clinicians on best practices to improve outcomes. RECENT FINDINGS Elevated blood pressure is traditionally addressed with broad lifestyle recommendations such as limiting salt consumption and losing weight. This approach is not well adapted for pediatric patients. Novel and often underutilized approaches to the treatment of hypertension in pediatrics include psychological counseling for behavior modification, circadian nutrition, consistent use of interdisciplinary teams, manipulation of macronutrients, stress management, technology-infused interventions, and systemic changes to the food environment. Elevated blood pressure is a pervasive condition affecting cardiovascular disease and mortality risk. Increasingly, pediatric patients are presenting with elevated blood pressure with etiologies known to be affected by lifestyle behaviors. Weight management, dietary modifications, and daily physical activity are well-researched methods for improving individual blood pressure measurements. These strategies can sometimes be as effective as pharmacological interventions at lowering blood pressure. However, compliance with these individual recommendations is not consistent and has led to unsatisfactory results. There are emerging treatment trends that may provide non-traditional and more effective non-pharmacologic routes to blood pressure management in pediatric patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Austin Lobitz
- Pediatric Nephrology, University Health System, San Antonio, TX, USA.
| | - Ikuyo Yamaguchi
- Pediatric Nephrology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center and Oklahoma Children's Hospital, OU Health, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
By age 18, one in fourteen American children has had a parent incarcerated. Although children from all backgrounds experience parental incarceration, racial and ethnic minority groups and those living in poverty are disproportionately affected. Parental incarceration is an adverse childhood experience that can negatively affect health and well-being over the life course. However, resilient children of incarcerated parents can flourish despite profound adversity. Pediatric providers should create safe, inclusive medical homes that foster sensitive disclosures and discussions about parental incarceration. If pediatric providers identify parental incarceration, they should promote foundational relationships and family resilience (including relationships with incarcerated parents when appropriate) and consider referrals to mental health specialists and specialized programs for children of incarcerated parents. Pediatric providers are also uniquely positioned to advocate for partnerships and policies that support children of incarcerated parents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary A Martoma
- Division of Primary Care Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH.,KidsMates Inc, Boca Raton, FL
| | - Kelly J Kelleher
- Division of Primary Care Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Alex R Kemper
- Division of Primary Care Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Demers LA, Wright NM, Kopstick AJ, Niehaus CE, Hall TA, Williams CN, Riley AR. Is Pediatric Intensive Care Trauma-Informed? A Review of Principles and Evidence. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9101575. [PMID: 36291511 PMCID: PMC9600460 DOI: 10.3390/children9101575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric critical illness and injury, along with the experience of recovering from critical illness are among the most potentially traumatic experiences for children and their families. Additionally, children often come to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) with pre-existing trauma that may sensitize them to PICU-related distress. Trauma-informed care (TIC) in the PICU, while under-examined, has the potential to enhance quality of care, mitigate trauma-related symptoms, encourage positive coping, and provide anticipatory guidance for the recovery process. This narrative review paper first describes the need for TIC in the PICU and then introduces the principles of TIC as outlined by the American Academy of Pediatrics: awareness, readiness, detection and assessment, management, and integration. Current clinical practices within PICU settings are reviewed according to each TIC principle. Discussion about opportunities for further development of TIC programs to improve patient care and advance knowledge is also included.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren A. Demers
- Pediatric Critical Care and Neurotrauma Recovery Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Division of Pediatric Psychology, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Naomi M. Wright
- Division of Pediatric Psychology, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, USA
| | - Avi J. Kopstick
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Texas Tech University Health Science Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 97705, USA
| | - Claire E. Niehaus
- Division of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Trevor A. Hall
- Pediatric Critical Care and Neurotrauma Recovery Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Division of Pediatric Psychology, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-503-418-2134
| | - Cydni N. Williams
- Pediatric Critical Care and Neurotrauma Recovery Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Division of Pediatric Psychology, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Andrew R. Riley
- Division of Pediatric Psychology, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Tan GKY, Symons M, Fitzpatrick J, Connor SG, Cross D, Pestell CF. Adverse childhood experiences, associated stressors and comorbidities in children and youth with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder across the justice and child protection settings in Western Australia. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:587. [PMID: 36217109 PMCID: PMC9549627 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03654-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Individuals with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) are at risk of having adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), especially those with child protection and/or justice system involvement. The complex relationship between FASD and psychosocial vulnerabilities in the affected individual is an important clinical risk factor for comorbidity. This study (1) explored the ACEs and associated stressors in individuals with FASD; (2) investigated the association between ACEs and negative outcomes, i.e., justice/child protection system involvement; and (3) examined the relationship between ACEs and comorbid conditions such as mood and neurodevelopmental disorders. Methods Data were collected retrospectively via file review from diagnostic clinics in Western Australia. Life adversity was coded using a standardised ACEs questionnaire. A total of 211 participants (72% males) with FASD with a mean age of 11 years (range = 2–21) were included in the final sample. 70% of the total sample had been involved with the child protection system and 40% had trouble with the law. Results Exposure to drinking/substance misuse at home (70%) and domestic violence (52%) were the two most common ACEs across the total sample. In the entire cohort, 39% had four or more ACEs, indicating higher risks of poor health outcomes. Additional stressors recorded were disengagement from school (43%), transiency (19%), victims of bullying (12%), traumatic brain injury (9%) and homelessness (5%). ACEs such as drinking/substance misuse at home, emotional neglect and physical neglect were positively associated with child protection system involvement. Additionally, exposure to domestic violence was positively correlated with justice system involvement. Higher rates of life adversity in this clinical population were associated with an increased number of comorbidities. Specifically, those with FASD who had comorbidities such as attachment disorder, substance use disorder, and PTSD also reported higher ACEs scores. Conclusion ACEs were common in this clinical population. Increased ACEs in this sample were associated with increased comorbidities and involvement with the child protection and/or justice system. This highlights that prevention, intervention and early diagnosis of FASD are important for at risk children to reduce the negative effects of ACEs. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12887-022-03654-y.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grace Kuen Yee Tan
- School of Psychological Science (M304), The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia. .,Patches Australia, Subiaco, Australia. .,Telethon Kids Institute (TKI), Nedlands, Australia.
| | - Martyn Symons
- School of Psychological Science (M304), The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute (TKI), Nedlands, Australia
| | - James Fitzpatrick
- School of Psychological Science (M304), The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia.,Patches Australia, Subiaco, Australia
| | | | - Donna Cross
- School of Psychological Science (M304), The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute (TKI), Nedlands, Australia
| | - Carmela F Pestell
- School of Psychological Science (M304), The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute (TKI), Nedlands, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Lopez KN, Fuentes-Afflick E. Engaging Pediatric Subspecialists in Pursuit of Health Equity-Breaking Out of the Silo. JAMA Pediatr 2022; 176:841-842. [PMID: 35849417 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2022.2420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keila N Lopez
- Department of Pediatrics, Lillie Frank Abercrombie Section of Pediatric Cardiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston
| | - Elena Fuentes-Afflick
- Department of Pediatrics, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Vu TH, Bishop J, McGill L, Valmadrid L, Golden S, Emmerling D, Saeugling S. Using systems-mapping to address Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and trauma: A qualitative study of stakeholder experiences. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273361. [PMID: 35980992 PMCID: PMC9387783 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and trauma have been linked to decreased psychosocial and physiological health functioning. While various individual and community-level interventions to address ACEs have been reported, one novel approach that has not been explored in detail is a community-engaged causal loop diagramming project, or systems mapping project (SMP), in which diverse stakeholders work together to document the forces that are creating the outcomes and patterns within the community. To better document and understand the impact of participation in an SMP, we conducted in-depth, qualitative interviews with 16 stakeholders who were involved in a systems-mapping process facilitated by a local nonprofit in Eastern North Carolina. We used an iterative, content analysis coding process to generate and analyze themes from these interviews. Three major themes emerged: 1) Recognition and understanding of own trauma, 2) Trauma as both a community issue and an individual issue, and 3) Systems-mapping as a conceptual tool with practical benefits. All participants strongly recommended the systems-mapping approach to other communities and believed that it is a valuable tool for empowerment and provided several considerations for future organizers of similar systems-mapping projects. Our findings suggest that systems mapping is a feasible, transferable, and promising modality for understanding and addressing ACEs at the individual, interpersonal, and community-levels, as well as for putting community voices at the forefront of efforts to address ACEs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thi Hoang Vu
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Jared Bishop
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Leigh McGill
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Luke Valmadrid
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Shelley Golden
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Dane Emmerling
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Seth Saeugling
- Rural Opportunity Institute (ROI), Housed at Area L AHEC, Rocky Mount, North Carolina, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Germone M, Phu T, Slosky C, Pan Z, Jones A, Stahl M, Mehta P, Shull M, Ariefdjohan M, Liu E. Anxiety and Depression in Pediatric Patients with Celiac Disease: A Large Cross-Sectional Study. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2022; 75:181-185. [PMID: 35641896 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000003497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Mental health is a growing concern in pediatric celiac disease (CD). This study utilized the Revised Children's Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS) to investigate anxiety and depression symptom rates. Participants were children ages 8 to 17 years (M = 11.7, SD = 2.7; N = 175) with biopsy-proven CD (Median = 1.1 years post-diagnosis, IQR = 0-4) categorized into groups based on the child's age, caregiver or child respondent, presence or absence of comorbidities, and gluten-free diet duration. Self-reported RCADS scores showed 39% of children having clinically significant concerns for anxiety or depression ( P < 0.0001) but only 7% of caregiver-proxy RCADS scores indicated significant concerns for the child's anxiety and 14% for the child's depression. Rates of child-reported anxiety and depression symptoms were significantly higher for those without medical comorbidities than those with ( P = 0.04). Therefore, screening for mental health concerns, particularly anxiety and depression, should be routinely performed in pediatric patients with CD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monique Germone
- From the Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
- the Pediatric Mental Health Institute, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO
- the Colorado Center for Celiac Disease, Digestive Health Institute, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO
| | - Tiffany Phu
- the Pediatric Mental Health Institute, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO
| | - Camryn Slosky
- From the Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Zhaoxing Pan
- the Biostatistics Core of Children's Hospital Colorado Research Institute
| | - Anna Jones
- the Department of Psychology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Marisa Stahl
- the Colorado Center for Celiac Disease, Digestive Health Institute, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO
- the Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Pooja Mehta
- the Colorado Center for Celiac Disease, Digestive Health Institute, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO
- the Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Mary Shull
- the Colorado Center for Celiac Disease, Digestive Health Institute, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO
- the Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Merlin Ariefdjohan
- From the Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Edwin Liu
- the Colorado Center for Celiac Disease, Digestive Health Institute, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO
- the Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Testa A, Jackson DB. Adverse Childhood Experiences and Perceived Unfair Police Treatment: Differences by Race and Ethnicity. J Adolesc Health 2022; 70:804-809. [PMID: 35131166 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2021.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the study was to examine racial/ethnic heterogeneity in the relationship between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and perceived unfair police treatment in the United States. METHODS Data are from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (n = 8,876). Logistic regression models were used to assess the relationship between accumulating ACEs and perceived unfair police treatment. Moderation analyses were conducted to assess interactions between ACEs, race, and ethnicity. RESULTS Those with four or more ACEs were 3.4 times as likely to report perceived unfair police treatment by adulthood, relative to individuals with zero ACEs (odds ratio = 3.411, 95% confidence interval = 2.634, 4.418). Still, Black individuals have the highest probability of experiencing unfair police contact, and this pattern remains relatively stable irrespective of the number of ACEs. The probability of perceived unfair police treatment significantly increases alongside accumulating ACEs for all other racial and ethnic groups. DISCUSSION Exposure to accumulating ACEs substantially elevates the likelihood of perceived unfair police treatment. However, perceived unfair police treatment is so common in the lives of Black Americans; it occurs at considerably high rates irrespective of ACE exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dylan B Jackson
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Forkey H, Inkelas M, Ocampo A, Lopez N, Vizueta N, Griffin JL, Crane MA, Hurley TP, Balaban Z, Shah A, Szilagyi MA. Pediatric Approach to Trauma Treatment and Resilience-A Novel Relationship-Based Curriculum and Approach to Train Pediatric Professionals to Provide Trauma-Informed Care. Acad Pediatr 2022; 22:342-345. [PMID: 34365032 PMCID: PMC8818063 DOI: 10.1016/j.acap.2021.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Information and techniques from evidence-based, trauma-informed mental health treatments, resilience and parenting literature and supporting evidence from neuroscience were adapted to provide pediatricians a practical approach and tools to promote resilience and respond to trauma symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heather Forkey
- Child Protection Program and Foster Children Evaluation Services and Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Memorial Children's Medical Center (H Forkey), Worcester, Mass.
| | - Moira Inkelas
- Fielding School of Public Health, University of California at Los Angeles, 650 S Charles Young Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA
| | - Andrea Ocampo
- Department of Pediatrics, UCLA Mattel Children’s Hospital, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095. USA
| | - Nathalie Lopez
- Department of Pediatrics, UCLA Mattel Children’s Hospital, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095. USA
| | - Nathalie Vizueta
- Department of Pediatrics, UCLA Mattel Children’s Hospital, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095. USA
| | - Jessica L. Griffin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Mary A. Crane
- American Academy of Pediatrics, 345 Park Boulevard, Itasca, IL 60143, USA
| | - Tammy P. Hurley
- American Academy of Pediatrics, 345 Park Boulevard, Itasca, IL 60143, USA
| | - Zaneta Balaban
- American Academy of Pediatrics, 345 Park Boulevard, Itasca, IL 60143, USA
| | - Amy Shah
- American Academy of Pediatrics, 345 Park Boulevard, Itasca, IL 60143, USA
| | - Moira A. Szilagyi
- Department of Pediatrics, UCLA Mattel Children’s Hospital, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095. USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Lee RY, Oxford ML, Sonney J, Enquobahrie DA, Cato KD. The mediating role of anxiety/depression symptoms between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and somatic symptoms in adolescents. J Adolesc 2022; 94:133-147. [PMID: 35353421 PMCID: PMC9511877 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study examines the relationships among recent adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), somatic symptoms, and anxiety/depression symptoms during adolescence and whether anxiety/depression symptoms mediate the relationship between ACEs and somatic symptoms. METHODS Longitudinal prospective data from the Longitudinal Studies of Child Abuse and Neglect study of 1354 children and their primary caregivers in the United States was used in this study. A longitudinal cross-lagged path analysis among recent ACEs, anxiety/depression symptoms, and somatic symptoms at three points during adolescence (ages 12, 14, and 16 years) was conducted. RESULTS The sample was 51% female and 53% African American. The results indicated significant concurrent associations between recent ACEs and increased anxiety/depression symptoms at ages 12, 14, and 16 (β = .27, p < .001; β = .15, p < .001; β = .07, p < .05) and between anxiety/depression symptoms and increased somatic symptoms at ages 12, 14, and 16 years (β = .44, p < .001; β = .39, p < .001; β = .49, p < .001). Moreover, anxiety/depression symptoms significantly mediated the relationship between recent ACEs and concurrent somatic symptoms at ages 12, 14, and 16 years (β = .12, p < .001; β = .06, p < .001; β = .04, p < .05). However, there was no significant relationship between recent ACEs and somatic symptoms. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that anxiety/depression symptoms mediate the concurrent relationships between recent ACEs and somatic symptoms at ages 12, 14, and 16. Clinicians should consider assessing anxiety/depression symptoms and possible concurrent exposure to ACEs when caring for adolescents who present with somatic symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Y. Lee
- School of Nursing, Columbia University, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Monica L. Oxford
- Department of Child, Family, and Population Health Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jennifer Sonney
- Department of Child, Family, and Population Health Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Kenrick D. Cato
- School of Nursing, Columbia University, New York City, New York, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, New York City, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Using Microbiome-Based Approaches to Deprogram Chronic Disorders and Extend the Healthspan following Adverse Childhood Experiences. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10020229. [PMID: 35208684 PMCID: PMC8879770 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10020229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), which can include child trafficking, are known to program children for disrupted biological cycles, premature aging, microbiome dysbiosis, immune-inflammatory misregulation, and chronic disease multimorbidity. To date, the microbiome has not been a major focus of deprogramming efforts despite its emerging role in every aspect of ACE-related dysbiosis and dysfunction. This article examines: (1) the utility of incorporating microorganism-based, anti-aging approaches to combat ACE-programmed chronic diseases (also known as noncommunicable diseases and conditions, NCDs) and (2) microbiome regulation of core systems biology cycles that affect NCD comorbid risk. In this review, microbiota influence over three key cyclic rhythms (circadian cycles, the sleep cycle, and the lifespan/longevity cycle) as well as tissue inflammation and oxidative stress are discussed as an opportunity to deprogram ACE-driven chronic disorders. Microbiota, particularly those in the gut, have been shown to affect host–microbe interactions regulating the circadian clock, sleep quality, as well as immune function/senescence, and regulation of tissue inflammation. The microimmunosome is one of several systems biology targets of gut microbiota regulation. Furthermore, correcting misregulated inflammation and increased oxidative stress is key to protecting telomere length and lifespan/longevity and extending what has become known as the healthspan. This review article concludes that to reverse the tragedy of ACE-programmed NCDs and premature aging, managing the human holobiont microbiome should become a routine part of healthcare and preventative medicine across the life course.
Collapse
|
30
|
Fernández‐Arana A, Olórtegui‐Yzú A, Vega‐Dienstmaier JM, Cuesta MJ. Depression and anxiety symptoms and perceived stress in health professionals in the context of COVID-19: Do adverse childhood experiences have a modulating effect? Brain Behav 2022; 12:e2452. [PMID: 34910383 PMCID: PMC8785635 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse childhood experiences (ACE) have a great impact on mental health outcomes of adults. However, little is known whether ACE may act as modulators of the mental health of health professionals caring for patients with COVID-19. METHODS Data were collected through an online cross-sectional survey administered to health professionals in Lima (Peru) between May and July 2020. The survey included standardized self-assessment instruments for anxiety, depression, acute stress (AS) and history of ACE. RESULTS A total of 542 health professionals completed the survey. Caring for patients with COVID-19 was significantly associated with depression and anxiety and when caring for patients with COVID-19 was combined with a history of early sexual abuse, its effect on the risk of anxiety increased (OR = 7.71, p = .010). Mental health problems were associated with female gender in almost all the analyses and with the majority of ACEs. CONCLUSIONS Health workers in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic presented a high risk of mental health disorders. Antecedents of sexual abuse acted as a potentiating factor of anxiety in professionals providing COVID-19 care. These findings suggest that the burden of ACE modulates mental health problems in health professionals during the pandemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Adriel Olórtegui‐Yzú
- Universidad Nacional Mayor de San MarcosFacultad de Medina de San FernandoLimaPeru
- Instituto Nacional Cardiovascular ‐ INCOR ‐ EsSaludLimaPeru
| | | | - Manuel J. Cuesta
- Department of PsychiatryComplejo Hospitalario de NavarraPamplonaSpain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA)Mental health areaPamplonaSpain
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Miccoli A, Song J, Romanowicz M, Howie F, Simar S, Lynch BA. Impact of Parental Adverse Childhood Experiences on Offspring Development in Early Head Start: Parental Adversity and Offspring Development. J Prim Care Community Health 2022; 13:21501319221084165. [PMID: 35289215 PMCID: PMC8928363 DOI: 10.1177/21501319221084165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are potentially traumatic events that can cause lifelong suffering, with 1 out of 2 children in the United States experiencing at least 1 ACEs. The intergenerational effect of ACEs has been described, but there's still paucity of knowledge of its impact on child development and behavior in children enrolled in Early Head Start (EHS) home visiting programs. A retrospective observational study was performed with 71 parents and 92 children participating in the EHS Home Visiting Program in Olmsted County from 2014 to 2019. Parents reported their own ACEs using a 10-item questionnaire. Children's social-emotional status was evaluated with Devereux Early Childhood Assessment Second Edition (DECA) and development was evaluated using the Brigance Early Childhood Screens III. Referrals of children by EHS staff to community agencies were recorded. The association between parental ACEs score, developmental outcomes and referrals was analyzed. Parental ACEs score of 4 or more was associated with failing at least 1 domain on the Brigance screen (P = .02) especially adaptive/cognitive domain (P = .05), and increased risk of referral to community resources (P < .001). However, there was no association between ACEs scores and failing DECA screens. We identified an intergenerational association between parental exposure to ACEs and risk for childhood developmental delay and referrals to community services. Parental adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have intergenerational effects on offspring. In our study, parental ACEs are associated with offspring developmental delays and referral to community resources. Screening for parental adverse childhood experiences, a key social determinant of health, is imperative and should be incorporated into primary care and early childhood settings to identify children at risk for developmental delay.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonela Miccoli
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Joanne Song
- Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Flora Howie
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Sandy Simar
- Families First of Minnesota, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Brian A Lynch
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Lessons Learned from a Quality Improvement Initiative: Adverse Childhood Experiences Screening in a Pediatric Clinic. Pediatr Qual Saf 2021; 6:e482. [PMID: 34934872 PMCID: PMC8678025 DOI: 10.1097/pq9.0000000000000482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Universal screening for adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) is recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics due to downstream health risks. However, widespread screening practices have not been adopted. Methods We used quality improvement methods to establish ACEs screening in a busy pediatric clinic that serves primarily Medicaid-insured and Spanish-speaking patients. The final Plan-Do-Study-Act cycle included the screening of both the patient and his/her caregiver(s). ACEs scores were a process measure; balancing measures were the average time to screen, the number of referrals generated, and qualitative caregiver reception. Results We screened 232 families, and the process maintained a ≥ 80% completion rate of ACEs screening for 1-month-old children and their caregivers during the final 10 weeks. 23% of caregivers had an ACEs score ≥ 4; overall, 6% were referred for further resources. The average time to discuss the screen was 86.78 seconds. The general caregiver reception was gratitude; 2% refused screening. Conclusion This study demonstrates the feasibility of initiating ACEs screening of 1 age group and their caregivers using quality improvement methods.
Collapse
|
33
|
Racial Differences in the Risk of Prenatal Depression Among Women Experiencing Childhood and Adult Stressors. Matern Child Health J 2021; 26:614-622. [PMID: 34854028 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-021-03322-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Stress exposure during a woman's own childhood and adulthood likely elevate risk of prenatal depression (PND). However, most PND screening tools fail to assess for events prior to conception. This study examined the differential effects of adverse childhood experiences (ACE) and adult life stressors on PND. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted among 199 racially diverse pregnant women, ages 18 to 43, recruited from clinics and ongoing university-based studies between 2012 and 2018. The ACE Scale assessed maternal childhood trauma exposure. Validated scales examining subjective stressors assessed for chronic adult stressors. PND was assessed with the Edinburgh Depression Scale, with the Rini Pregnancy-Related Anxiety Scale as a covariate. Associations were measured using multivariable linear regression modeling. Results were stratified by self-identified Black or white race. RESULTS Among 199 participants, mean age was 26.8 years and 67.8% were Black. Controlling for age, race, education, and prenatal anxiety, all participants reporting both childhood trauma and adult stressors were at increased risk for PND (p < 0.0001). PND risk was increased among Black women with childhood stressors (p < 0.01) or three or more adult stressors (p < 0.0001) and among White women following any number of adult stressors (p < 0.001). DISCUSSION These findings highlight the importance of cumulative exposure to stress and trauma across the life span as indicators of risk for PND. Black and white participants had differential development of risk, depending on timing and number of exposures. Prenatal depression risk screening during routine prenatal care should include an assessment of current and historical trauma and stressors.
Collapse
|
34
|
McFarlane LR, Hawes DJ. The assessment of adverse childhood experiences in clinical settings: Practitioner competencies and perceptions. Clin Psychol Psychother 2021; 29:990-1000. [PMID: 34704325 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Issues concerning the screening and assessment of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in healthcare settings have been subject to growing scrutiny in recent years, yet relatively little is known about practitioner perceptions and competencies related to such practices. This study examined practitioner knowledge, ability and concerns about the assessment of ACEs among parents and children in clinical settings and the acceptability of a newly validated measure (The Adverse Life Experiences Scale, ALES) for this purpose. Participants were (N = 144) healthcare practitioners (predominantly psychologists, nurses, social workers and psychiatrists). Measures were completed online, and the effects of family characteristics on practitioner perceptions were tested experimentally using case vignettes. Participants indicated moderate-to-high levels of knowledge and ability regarding the assessment of ACEs, and the ALES demonstrated high levels of acceptability across hypothetical cases involving various levels of risk. Practitioner concerns about such assessment were also found to be influenced by the level of risk indicated by case referral information. Specifically, concerns that assessment would be too upsetting or time-consuming were greater in response to a case with a high level of ACEs, compared to one with low-to-moderate ACEs (p < .05; large effect size). Practitioners demonstrated relatively high competencies regarding the assessment of ACEs and supported the use of the ALES for this purpose. Those families with the highest levels of ACEs may nonetheless be the least likely to receive such assessment in clinical settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay R McFarlane
- School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David J Hawes
- School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Schweer-Collins M, Lanier P. Health Care Access and Quality Among Children Exposed to Adversity: Implications for Universal Screening of Adverse Childhood Experiences. Matern Child Health J 2021; 25:1903-1912. [PMID: 34665356 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-021-03270-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Given recent advances toward universal screening for Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs), our objective was to investigate whether children with higher ACEs experience poorer quality of provider care and greater challenges accessing needed mental health treatment. METHODS This study uses a nationally representative sample of US children aged 0-17 years drawn from the National Survey on Children's Health for 2016-2019. Caregivers and parents completed surveys between June 2016 and February 2020 (N = 131,774). Logistic regression models adjusting for identified covariates were used to test associations between a child's number of ACEs, their quality of provider care, and their access to mental health treatment. All analyses used appropriate survey weighting commands. RESULTS High ACEs (4 or more) were associated with lower quality of provider care, including effective care coordination [OR 0.45, 95% CI (0.38, 0.52)], family-centered care [OR 0.49, 95% CI (0.41, 0.58)], shared decision making [OR 0.50, 95% CI (0.39, 0.85)], and referrals for care [OR 0.58, 95% CI (0.43, 0.80)]; children with high ACEs were also less likely to have a medical home [OR 0.66, 95% CI (0.57, 0.76)]. High ACEs were also significantly associated with greater difficulty accessing mental health treatment [OR 0.55, 95% CI (0.43, 0.70)]. Similar results were found for children in the moderate ACE (2-3) and low ACE (1) groups. CONCLUSIONS FOR PRACTICE Findings indicate that greater ACEs were associated with poorer quality medical care and greater difficulty accessing needed mental health treatment. Because findings indicate that children with high ACEs may be the least likely to receive quality care or necessary mental health treatment to address this adversity, universal screening for ACEs should be considered with caution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Lanier
- School of Social Work, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Sterling S, Chi F, Lin J, Padalkar P, Vinayagasundaram U, Iturralde E, Young-Wolff K, Metz VE, Herz A, Negusse R, Jackson-Morris M, Espinas P. Physical, Mental Health and Developmental Conditions, and Sociodemographic Characteristics Associated With Adverse Childhood Experiences Among Young Children in Pediatric Primary Care. J Pediatr Health Care 2021; 35:491-499. [PMID: 34226089 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2021.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To examine associations between patient characteristics and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in a population-based sample of pediatric primary care patients, using electronic health records and clinical, administrative data. METHOD An observational study was conducted in an integrated health care delivery system. Children ages 1-5 years (N = 13,370) were screened for ACEs at routine well-child visits between September 1, 2018 and May 31, 2019 in three pediatrics clinics. Multivariate models examined associations between patient characteristics (age, gender, race/ethnicity, insurance type, neighborhood income and education level, physical, mental health and developmental diagnoses, weight status) and any ACEs, and ≥ 3 ACEs exposure. RESULTS Prevalence and severity of ACE exposure varied by race/ethnicity. Older age, Medicaid insurance, epilepsy/seizure disorder, sleeping disorders, adjustment disorders, and feeding disorders were associated with higher odds of ACEs exposure, higher-income with lower odds. DISCUSSION Understanding relationships between ACEs and patient features can provide information to clinicians for early detection and appropriate interventions.
Collapse
|
37
|
Rajan S. School safety and violence: Drawing on a public health approach. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED PSYCHOANALYTIC STUDIES 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aps.1726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Rajan
- Department of Health and Behavior Studies Teachers College Columbia University New York New York USA
- Department of Epidemiology Mailman School of Public Health Columbia University New York New York USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Williams WA, Jain M, Laguna TA, McColley SA. Preferences for disclosing adverse childhood experiences for children and adults with cystic fibrosis. Pediatr Pulmonol 2021; 56:921-927. [PMID: 33369260 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.25243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The 2017-2018 National Survey of Children's Health estimates that 30 million (42%) US children have experienced at least one adverse childhood experience (ACE), including abuse, neglect, and household dysfunction. ACEs negatively impact long-term health, and there has been no study of ACEs in cystic fibrosis (CF). We assessed willingness to disclose ACEs experienced by children with CF by surveying their parents and adults with CF. METHODS We anonymously surveyed parents of children with CF and adults with CF at the Northwestern University/Lurie Children's CF Center to determine their willingness to disclose ACEs. RESULTS The survey was completed by 46/157 (29%) parents and 36/105 (34%) adults with CF. Few parents (22%) and adults (17%) were willing to discuss most or all specific ACEs, more were willing to disclose the number of ACEs experienced in a category (57% parents, 47% adults), and the majority were willing to participate in anonymous research about ACEs (76% parents, 67% adults). Most parents (63%) and adults (50%) would prefer to have ACEs screened separately from their CF appointment, and most parents (63%) and adults (56%) wanted to learn more about ACEs from a member of their care team. CONCLUSIONS Participants preferred to disclose the number of categorical ACEs rather than specific ACEs and most were open to participating in anonymous ACEs research. More research is needed before implementing screening. Educating patients, parents, and providers about ACEs and appropriate interventions when ACES are identified is needed for both research and clinical applications of ACEs screening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Manu Jain
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Theresa A Laguna
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Susanna A McColley
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Barnes AJ, Gower AL, Sajady M, Lingras KA. Health and adverse childhood experiences among homeless youth. BMC Pediatr 2021; 21:164. [PMID: 33827511 PMCID: PMC8025366 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-021-02620-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Homelessness is associated with health problems and with adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). The risk of chronic health conditions for homeless compared to housed youth, and how this risk interacts with ACEs remains unclear. This study investigated the relationship between ACEs, housing, and child health, and whether: 1) ACEs and health vary by housing context; 2) ACEs and homelessness confer independent health risks; and 3) ACEs interact with housing with regard to adolescent health. METHODS Using data from 119,254 8th-11th graders, we tested independent and joint effects of ACEs and past-year housing status (housed, family homelessness, unaccompanied homelessness) on overall health and chronic health conditions, controlling for sociodemographic covariates. RESULTS The prevalence of ACEs varied by housing status, with 34.1% of housed youth experiencing ≥1 ACE vs. 56.3% of family-homeless and 85.5% of unaccompanied-homeless youth. Health status varied similarly. Homelessness and ACEs were independently associated with low overall health and chronic health conditions, after adjusting for covariates. Compared to housed youth, both family-homeless youth and unaccompanied-homeless youth had increased odds of low overall health and chronic physical and/or mental health conditions. All ACE x housing-status interactions were significant (all p < 0.001), such that ACE-related health risks were moderated by housing status. CONCLUSIONS ACEs and housing status independently predict health status during adolescence beyond other sociodemographic risks. Experiencing homelessness, whether unaccomapnied or with family, is associated with increased health risk, and every additional ACE increases this risk. Clinicians and health systems should advocate for policies that include stable housing as a protective factor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Barnes
- Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics, Division of Clinical Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Amy L Gower
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, 717 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN, 55414, USA
| | - Mollika Sajady
- Children's Minnesota Developmental Pediatrics, 2530 Chicago Ave S STE G055, Minneapolis, MN, 55404, USA
| | - Katherine A Lingras
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Barnett M, Sheldrick RC, Liu SR, Kia-Keating M, Negriff S. Implications of adverse childhood experiences screening on behavioral health services: A scoping review and systems modeling analysis. AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGIST 2021; 76:364-378. [PMID: 33734801 PMCID: PMC8161946 DOI: 10.1037/amp0000756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Widespread implementation of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) screening is occurring in the United States in response to policies and practice recommendations. However, limited research has established how these screening efforts impact the health care system and ultimately health outcomes. This article examines the current knowledge base on screening in medical settings. A scoping review of articles reporting on ACEs screening and prevalence in the United States was conducted. Of the 1,643 unique studies across two decades, 12 articles meeting criteria included nine on routine screening in medical settings and three on population-based surveys. A Monte Carlo simulation model was designed to synthesize evidence, identify key areas of uncertainty, and explore service system implications. Results indicated significant heterogeneity in the proportion of respondents who reported ACEs, with 6% to 64% of patients reporting 1+ ACEs and .01% to 40.7% reporting 4+ ACEs. Gaps in the literature were identified regarding cut-scores for referrals and referral completion rates. Three scenarios, modeled based on these data and past research on behavioral health screenings in pediatric primary care, demonstrated how ACEs screening may differentially impact behavioral health care systems. Priorities for future research were highlighted to refine estimates of the likely impact of ACEs screening on health care delivery. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miya Barnett
- University of California, Santa Barbara, Department of Counseling, Clinical, and School Psychology
| | | | - Sabrina R. Liu
- University of California, Santa Barbara, Department of Counseling, Clinical, and School Psychology
| | - Maryam Kia-Keating
- University of California, Santa Barbara, Department of Counseling, Clinical, and School Psychology
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
DePasquale CE, Tyrell FA, Kalstabakken AW, Labella MH, Thibodeau EL, Masten AS, Barnes AJ. Lifetime stressors, hair cortisol, and executive function: Age-related associations in childhood. Dev Psychobiol 2020; 63:1043-1052. [PMID: 33350468 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Extant research is mixed regarding the relations among lifetime exposure to stressors, adrenocortical activity, and executive function (EF), particularly in children. Aggregate measures of adrenocortical activity like hair cortisol concentration (HCC), timing of stress exposure, and age at assessment may clarify these associations. This cross-sectional study examined the association among parent-reported exposure to stressors, hair cortisol concentration (HCC), and children's EF via a tablet task in a community sample (n = 318, 52.5% female) of children across a wide age range (4-13 years, M = 9.4, SD = 2.3). Path analyses revealed that parent-reported child lifetime exposure to stressors, but not past-year stressful life events, negatively predicted HCC. There was also a marginally significant moderation by age such that HCC was associated negatively with EF for younger children (age < 9.7 years) but not older children. HCC did not significantly mediate the association between lifetime exposure to stressors and EF. Findings are consistent with the proposition that chronically high cortisol production has a neurotoxic effect on brain regions supporting EF. However, lifetime exposure to stressors predicted relatively lower cumulative cortisol production, consistent with a stress inoculation effect in this normative-risk sample.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carrie E DePasquale
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Fanita A Tyrell
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland - College Park, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Amanda W Kalstabakken
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Madelyn H Labella
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Eric L Thibodeau
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ann S Masten
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Andrew J Barnes
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Karatekin C, Ahluwalia R. What do undergraduates with high levels of childhood adversity want to cope with stress? J Clin Psychol 2020; 77:211-240. [PMID: 32659043 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to determine how universities can tailor delivery of stress-related interventions and intervention-related messages for students with adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). METHOD We assessed 762 undergraduates (76% female; average age = 20.3) on an expanded ACEs measure, stress, health, and past use of interventions and what types of interventions they would like to cope with stress. We also experimentally manipulated websites advertising mental health services to test whether certain message frames and types of intervention delivery would appeal differentially to students with more ACEs. RESULTS ACEs were associated with worse health, more stress, and a greater likelihood of having used health-related interventions. Students with more ACEs were more willing to try the interventions on the websites, regardless of messaging and type of delivery. They also expressed a greater desire for face-to-face interactions centered on mental health. CONCLUSIONS School-wide adoption of ACE-informed policies can change lifelong trajectories of students with ACEs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Canan Karatekin
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - Rohini Ahluwalia
- Department of Marketing, Carlson School of Management, University of Minnesota, Minnesota, Minneapolis
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Merrick JS, Labella MH, Narayan AJ, Desjardins CD, Barnes AJ, Masten AS. The Child Life Challenges Scale (CLCS): Associations of a Single-Item Rating of Global Child Adversity with Children's Total Life Stressors and Parent's Childhood Adversity. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 7:E33. [PMID: 32290263 PMCID: PMC7230288 DOI: 10.3390/children7040033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although many existing measures tabulate specific risk factors to yield cumulative risk indices, there is a need for low-burden strategies to estimate general adversity exposure. AIMS AND METHODS This study introduces a brief, new measure of lifetime adversity, the Child Life Challenges Scale (CLCS), and examines its validity in a sample of parents and children residing in emergency housing. The CLCS comprises a single global item for rating cumulative life challenges utilizing either a paper-pencil scale or a sliding scale on a tablet. Parents are provided with anchor examples of mild and extreme challenges and asked to mark a location along the scale reflecting number and severity of challenges in their children's lives to date. Study participants included 99 parents and their 3- to 6-year-old children. RESULTS CLCS scores were moderately associated with children's parent-reported total life stressors, and these associations were robust to controls for parental history of adversity, parental distress, and family demographics. Control variables also did not moderate associations between CLCS scores and total life stressors, suggesting that the CLCS functions similarly across a range of sociodemographic risk. Paper-pencil and tablet versions showed similar convergent validity. CONCLUSION The CLCS shows promise as an efficient measure for estimating children's lifetime adversity with minimal parent or administrator burden.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Madelyn H. Labella
- Department of Psychology, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA;
| | - Angela J. Narayan
- Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80210, USA;
| | | | - Andrew J. Barnes
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Ann S. Masten
- Institute of Child Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| |
Collapse
|