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Chen Y, Shu Y, Zheng H, Sun C, Fu C. The 2 nd China Vaccinology Integrated Innovation & Teaching Development Conference: Promoting the construction of vaccinology discipline system. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2300157. [PMID: 38198292 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2300157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The 2nd China Vaccinology Integrated Innovation & Teaching Development Conference was held in Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 18-19, November 2023. Over 200 participants in the field of Vaccinology gathered together to address challenges and issues relevant to vaccine education and training courses, research, and public health programs in China. The conference themed "Promoting the Integrated and Innovative Development of Vaccinology through Collective Efforts." The conference was organized by the China Association of Vaccine (CAV) and hosted by Vaccinology Education Professional Committee of CAV, and School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University. Other partners included the Medical Virology Branch of the Chinese Medical Association, the editorial committee of the Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine, Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, and the People's Medical Publishing House. The 1st conference was held in Hangzhou, in October 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqi Chen
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccine, School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuelong Shu
- National Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Zheng
- National Immunization Program, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Caijun Sun
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chuanxi Fu
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Vaccine, School of Public Health, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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2
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Lu B, Zhang Y, Wang J, Yang D, Liu M, Ma L, Yi W, Liang Y, Xu Y, Fan H, Liu W, Tang J, Zeng S, Cai L, Zhang L, Nie J, Zhang F, Gu X, Rosa Duque JS, Lu G, Zhang Y. PD1 +CD4 + T cells promote receptor editing and suppress autoreactivity of CD19 +CD21 low B cells within the lower respiratory airways in adenovirus pneumonia. Mucosal Immunol 2024:S1933-0219(24)00071-0. [PMID: 39038753 DOI: 10.1016/j.mucimm.2024.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Human adenovirus (HAdV) pneumonia poses a major health burden for young children, however, factors that contribute to disease severity remain elusive. We analyzed immune cells from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) of children with HAdV pneumonia and found that CD19+CD21low B cells were significantly enriched in the BAL and were associated with increased autoantibody concentrations and disease severity. Myeloid cells, PD-1+CD4+ T helper cells and CD21low B cells formed tertiary lymphoid structures within the respiratory tracts. Myeloid cells promoted autoantibody production by expressing high amounts of B cell activating factor (BAFF). In contrast, PD-1+CD4+ T helper cells induced production of IgG1 and IgG3 antibodies but suppressed autoreactive IgGs by initiating B cell receptor editing. In summary, this study reveals cellular components involved in protective versus autoreactive immune pathways in the respiratory tract, and these findings provide potential therapeutic targets for severe HAdV lower respiratory tract infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingtai Lu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, China; Medical Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Yanfang Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, China
| | - Diyuan Yang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, China
| | - Liuheyi Ma
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, China
| | - Weijing Yi
- Zybio Inc., Chongqing Municipality, 400039, China
| | - Yufeng Liang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, China
| | - Yingyi Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, China
| | - Huifeng Fan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, China
| | - Jue Tang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, China
| | - Sengqiang Zeng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, China
| | - Li Cai
- Department of Hospital Infection Control, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, China
| | - Junli Nie
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, China
| | - Fen Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, China
| | - Xiaoqiong Gu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, China
| | - Jaime S Rosa Duque
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, China; Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Gen Lu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, China.
| | - Yuxia Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510623, China; The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
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3
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Schardt JS, Sivaneri NS, Tessier PM. Monoclonal Antibody Generation Using Single B Cell Screening for Treating Infectious Diseases. BioDrugs 2024; 38:477-486. [PMID: 38954386 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-024-00667-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
The screening of antigen-specific B cells has been pivotal for biotherapeutic development for over four decades. Conventional antibody discovery strategies, including hybridoma technology and single B cell screening, remain widely used based on their simplicity, accessibility, and proven track record. Technological advances and the urgent demand for infectious disease applications have shifted paradigms in single B cell screening, resulting in increased throughput and decreased time and labor, ultimately enabling the rapid identification of monoclonal antibodies with desired biological and biophysical properties. Herein, we provide an overview of conventional and emergent single B cell screening approaches and highlight their potential strengths and weaknesses. We also detail the impact of innovative technologies-including miniaturization, microfluidics, multiplexing, and deep sequencing-on the recent identification of broadly neutralizing antibodies for infectious disease applications. Overall, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has reinvigorated efforts to improve the efficiency of monoclonal antibody discovery, resulting in the broad application of innovative antibody discovery methodologies for treating a myriad of infectious diseases and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- John S Schardt
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Neelan S Sivaneri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Peter M Tessier
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Program in Chemical Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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4
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Li X, Xu M, Yang J, Zhou L, Liu L, Li M, Wang S, Liu MQ, Huang Z, Zhang Z, Liu S, Hu Y, Lin H, Liu B, Sun Y, Wu Q, Shi ZL, Lan K, Chen Y, Yan H, Chen YQ. Nasal vaccination of triple-RBD scaffold protein with flagellin elicits long-term protection against SARS-CoV-2 variants including JN.1. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:114. [PMID: 38678055 PMCID: PMC11055866 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01822-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Developing a mucosal vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 is critical for combatting the epidemic. Here, we investigated long-term immune responses and protection against SARS-CoV-2 for the intranasal vaccination of a triple receptor-binding domain (RBD) scaffold protein (3R-NC) adjuvanted with a flagellin protein (KFD) (3R-NC + KFDi.n). In mice, the vaccination elicited RBD-specific broad-neutralizing antibody responses in both serum and mucosal sites sustained at high level over a year. This long-lasting humoral immunity was correlated with the presence of long-lived RBD-specific IgG- and IgA-producing plasma cells, alongside the Th17 and Tfh17-biased T-cell responses driven by the KFD adjuvant. Based upon these preclinical findings, an open labeled clinical trial was conducted in individuals who had been primed with the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 (IAV) vaccine. With a favorable safety profile, the 3R-NC + KFDi.n boost elicited enduring broad-neutralizing IgG in plasma and IgA in salivary secretions. To meet the challenge of frequently emerged variants, we further designed an updated triple-RBD scaffold protein with mutated RBD combinations, which can induce adaptable antibody responses to neutralize the newly emerging variants, including JN.1. Our findings highlight the potential of the KFD-adjuvanted triple-RBD scaffold protein is a promising prototype for the development of a mucosal vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Li
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Vaccine and Immunology Research Center, Translational Medical Research Institute, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mengxin Xu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingyi Yang
- Vaccine and Immunology Research Center, Translational Medical Research Institute, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Liu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Li
- Vaccine and Immunology Research Center, Translational Medical Research Institute, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shasha Wang
- Vaccine and Immunology Research Center, Translational Medical Research Institute, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei-Qin Liu
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhixiang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuning Liu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yunqi Hu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Haofeng Lin
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bowen Liu
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Vaccine and Immunology Research Center, Translational Medical Research Institute, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Aerosol Bio-Tech (Suzhou) Co., LTD, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qingguo Wu
- Vaccine and Immunology Research Center, Translational Medical Research Institute, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng-Li Shi
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Ke Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Huimin Yan
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.
- Vaccine and Immunology Research Center, Translational Medical Research Institute, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Yao-Qing Chen
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
- National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Quality Monitoring and Evaluation of Vaccines and Biological Products, Sun Yat-sen University, Guanzhou, China.
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Meng H, Wang Y, Zhai Y, Luo W, Wang Y, Hu Y, Liu S, Xiao W, Yang G, Ye F, Chen S, Jie Y, Chen YQ. Unveiling the micronutrient-immunity puzzle in inactivated COVID-19 vaccination: A comprehensive analysis of circulating micronutrient levels and humoral responses in healthy adults. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29611. [PMID: 38639305 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
While micronutrients are crucial for immune function, their impact on humoral responses to inactivated COVID-19 vaccination remains unclear. We investigated the associations between seven key micronutrients and antibody responses in 44 healthy adults with two doses of an inactivated COVID-19 vaccine. Blood samples were collected pre-vaccination and 28 days post-booster. We measured circulating minerals (iron, zinc, copper, and selenium) and vitamins (A, D, and E) concentrations alongside antibody responses and assessed their associations using linear regression analyses. Our analysis revealed inverse associations between blood iron and zinc concentrations and anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM antibody binding affinity (AUC for iron: β = -258.21, p < 0.0001; zinc: β = -17.25, p = 0.0004). Notably, antibody quality presented complex relationships. Blood selenium was positively associated (β = 18.61, p = 0.0030), while copper/selenium ratio was inversely associated (β = -1.36, p = 0.0055) with the neutralizing ability against SARS-CoV-2 virus at a 1:10 plasma dilution. There was no significant association between circulating micronutrient concentrations and anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG binding affinity. These findings suggest that circulating iron, zinc, and selenium concentrations and copper/selenium ratio, may serve as potential biomarkers for both quantity (binding affinity) and quality (neutralization) of humoral responses after inactivated COVID-19 vaccination. Furthermore, they hint at the potential of pre-vaccination dietary interventions, such as selenium supplementation, to improve vaccine efficacy. However, larger, diverse studies are needed to validate these findings. This research advances the understanding of the impact of micronutrients on vaccine response, offering the potential for personalized vaccination strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huicui Meng
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yin Wang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanmei Zhai
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wanyu Luo
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yunqi Hu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sizhe Liu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weimin Xiao
- Shenzhen Academy of Metrology and Quality Inspection, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guowu Yang
- Shenzhen Academy of Metrology and Quality Inspection, Shenzhen, China
| | - Feng Ye
- The 74(th) Group Army Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shifeng Chen
- The 74(th) Group Army Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yusheng Jie
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yao-Qing Chen
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-Sen University, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong, Shenzhen, China
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, China
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García-Vega M, Wan H, Reséndiz-Sandoval M, Hinojosa-Trujillo D, Valenzuela O, Mata-Haro V, Dehesa-Canseco F, Solís-Hernández M, Marcotte H, Pan-Hammarström Q, Hernández J. Comparative single-cell transcriptomic profile of hybrid immunity induced by adenovirus vector-based COVID-19 vaccines. Genes Immun 2024; 25:158-167. [PMID: 38570727 DOI: 10.1038/s41435-024-00270-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
In this study, antibody response and a single-cell RNA-seq analysis were conducted on peripheral blood mononuclear cells from five different groups: naïve subjects vaccinated with AZD1222 (AZ) or Ad5-nCoV (Cso), individuals previously infected and later vaccinated (hybrid) with AZD1222 (AZ-hb) or Ad5-nCoV (Cso-hb), and those who were infected and had recovered from COVID-19 (Inf). The results showed that AZ induced more robust neutralizing antibody responses than Cso. The single-cell RNA data revealed a high frequency of memory B cells in the Cso and Cso-hb. In contrast, AZ and AZ-hb groups exhibited the highest proportion of activated naïve B cells expressing CXCR4. Transcriptomic analysis of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells demonstrated a heterogeneous response following vaccination, hybrid immunity, or natural infection. However, a single dose of Ad5-nCoV was sufficient to strongly activate CD4+ T cells (naïve and memory) expressing ANX1 and FOS, similar to the hybrid response observed with AZ. An interesting finding was the robust activation of a subset of CD8+ T cells expressing GZMB, GZMH, and IFNG genes in the Cso-hb group. Our findings suggest that both vaccines effectively stimulated the cellular immune response; however, the Ad5-nCoV induced a more robust CD8+ T-cell response in previously infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa García-Vega
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C, Hermosillo, Sonora, 83304, Mexico
| | - Hui Wan
- Division of Immunology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, SE171 65, Sweden
| | - Mónica Reséndiz-Sandoval
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C, Hermosillo, Sonora, 83304, Mexico
| | - Diana Hinojosa-Trujillo
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C, Hermosillo, Sonora, 83304, Mexico
| | - Olivia Valenzuela
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad de Sonora, Hermosillo, Sonora, 83000, Mexico
| | - Verónica Mata-Haro
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C, Hermosillo, Sonora, 83304, Mexico
| | - Freddy Dehesa-Canseco
- Comisión México-Estados Unidos para la Prevención de la Fiebre Aftosa y otras Enfermedades Exóticas de los Animales (CPA), SENASICA, SADER, Ciudad de México, 05010, Mexico
| | - Mario Solís-Hernández
- Comisión México-Estados Unidos para la Prevención de la Fiebre Aftosa y otras Enfermedades Exóticas de los Animales (CPA), SENASICA, SADER, Ciudad de México, 05010, Mexico
| | - Harold Marcotte
- Division of Immunology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, SE171 65, Sweden
| | - Qiang Pan-Hammarström
- Division of Immunology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, SE171 65, Sweden.
| | - Jesús Hernández
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C, Hermosillo, Sonora, 83304, Mexico.
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7
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Xiao J, Luo Y, Li Y, Yao X. The characteristics of BCR-CDR3 repertoire in COVID-19 patients and SARS-CoV-2 vaccinated volunteers. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29488. [PMID: 38415507 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
The global COVID-19 pandemic has caused more than 1 billion infections, and numerous SARS-CoV-2 vaccines developed rapidly have been administered over 10 billion doses. The world is continuously concerned about the cytokine storms induced by the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 and host, long COVID, breakthrough infections postvaccination, and the impact of SARS-CoV-2 variants. BCR-CDR3 repertoire serves as a molecular target for monitoring the antiviral response "trace" of B cells, evaluating the effects, mechanisms, and memory abilities of individual responses to B cells, and has been successfully applied in analyzing the infection mechanisms, vaccine improvement, and neutralizing antibodies preparation of influenza virus, HIV, MERS, and Ebola virus. Based on research on BCR-CDR3 repertoire of COVID-19 patients and volunteers who received different SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in multiple laboratories worldwide, we focus on analyzing the characteristics and changes of BCR-CDR3 repertoire, such as diversity, clonality, V&J genes usage and pairing, SHM, CSR, shared CDR3 clones, as well as the summary on BCR sequences targeting virus-specific epitopes in the preparation and application research of SARS-CoV-2 potential therapeutic monoclonal antibodies. This review provides comparative data and new research schemes for studying the possible mechanisms of differences in B cell response between SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination, and supplies a foundation for improving vaccines after SARS-CoV-2 mutations and potential antibody therapy for infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaping Xiao
- Department of Immunology, Center of Immunomolecular Engineering, Innovation & Practice Base for Graduate Students Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- Fushun People's Hospital, Zigong, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Luo
- Department of Immunology, Center of Immunomolecular Engineering, Innovation & Practice Base for Graduate Students Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Yangyang Li
- Department of Immunology, Center of Immunomolecular Engineering, Innovation & Practice Base for Graduate Students Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Xinsheng Yao
- Department of Immunology, Center of Immunomolecular Engineering, Innovation & Practice Base for Graduate Students Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
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8
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Wang Z, Huang AS, Tang L, Wang J, Wang G. Microfluidic-assisted single-cell RNA sequencing facilitates the development of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:642-657. [PMID: 38165771 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00749a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
As a class of antibodies that specifically bind to a virus and block its entry, neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (neutralizing mAbs) have been recognized as a top choice for combating COVID-19 due to their high specificity and efficacy in treating serious infections. Although conventional approaches for neutralizing mAb development have been optimized for decades, there is an urgent need for workflows with higher efficiency due to time-sensitive concerns, including the high mutation rate of SARS-CoV-2. One promising approach is the identification of neutralizing mAb candidates via single-cell RNA sequencing (RNA-seq), as each B cell has a unique transcript sequence corresponding to its secreted antibody. The state-of-the-art high-throughput single-cell sequencing technologies, which have been greatly facilitated by advances in microfluidics, have greatly accelerated the process of neutralizing mAb development. Here, we provide an overview of the general procedures for high-throughput single-cell RNA-seq enabled by breakthroughs in droplet microfluidics, introduce revolutionary approaches that combine single-cell RNA-seq to facilitate the development of neutralizing mAbs against SARS-CoV-2, and outline future steps that need to be taken to further improve development strategies for effective treatments against infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Amelia Siqi Huang
- Dalton Academy, The Affiliated High School of Peking University, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Lingfang Tang
- Dalton Academy, The Affiliated High School of Peking University, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jianbin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Guanbo Wang
- Institute for Cell Analysis, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518132, China.
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9
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Immink LE, Guthmiller JJ. Isolation of Rare Antigen-Specific Memory B Cells via Antigen Tetramers. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2826:95-115. [PMID: 39017888 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3950-4_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Immunological memory, which sets the foundation for the adaptive immune response, plays a key role in disease protection and prevention. Obtaining a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying this phenomenon can aide in research aimed to improve vaccines and therapies. Memory B cells (MBCs) are a fundamental component of immunological memory but can exist in rare populations that prove challenging to study. By combining fluorescent antigen tetramers with multiple enrichment processes, a highly streamlined method for identifying and sorting antigen-specific MBCs from human blood and lymphoid tissues can be achieved. With the output of this process being viable cells, there is a multitude of downstream operations that can be used in conjunction with the antigen-specific cell sorting outlined in this chapter. Single-cell RNA-sequencing paired with B cell repertoire sequencing, which can be linked to distinct antigens in a high-throughput fashion, is a downstream application widely used in disease and vaccination research. Incorporation of this protocol can lead to a variety of applications and a diversity of outcomes aiding in a deeper understanding of how immunological memory not only forms but is recalled and impacted by infection and vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Immink
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jenna J Guthmiller
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
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10
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Wang Y, Hu Y, Ma Y, Li P, Zhou S, Xu M, He B, Liu S, Lv K, Liu S, Zhang Y, Zhou N, Chen S, Ye F, Chen YQ. RBD class 1 and 2 antibody epitopes elicit around 70% neutralizing capacity against SARS-CoV-2 virus following boosting with inactivated virus vaccine. Vaccine 2023; 41:7641-7646. [PMID: 38016845 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
A third dose of inactivated virus vaccine (IVV) boosts neutralizing antibodies, reducing SARS-CoV-2 transmission rate and COVID-19 severity. However, the impact of RBD-elicited antibodies and their neutralizing activity by the boost of IVV is unknown. We investigated the impact of IVV's boost shot on RBD-elicited antibodies and their neutralizing activity in 18 subjects receiving the second and third IVV doses. Using an RBD antibodies depletion assay, we assessed the neutralizing activity of RBD-elicited antibodies. After the second dose, RBD-antigen elicitation accounted for ∼60% of neutralizing activity, which increased to 82% after the IVV boost against ancestral SARS-CoV-2. Depleting class 3 and class 4-specific antibodies with the Beta-RBD protein revealed that NAbs targeting RBD class 1 and class 2 subdomains increased from 57% to 75% post-boost. These findings highlight the significant enhancement of RBD-specific antibodies, especially against RBD class 1 and class 2, with IVV booster doses. Our study offers valuable insights for optimizing COVID-19 vaccine strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yunqi Hu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yong Ma
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Pengbin Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Siwei Zhou
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mengxin Xu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bing He
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuning Liu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kexin Lv
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sizhe Liu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- The 74(th) Group Army Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Na Zhou
- The 74(th) Group Army Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shifeng Chen
- The 74(th) Group Army Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng Ye
- The 74(th) Group Army Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yao-Qing Chen
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China; National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Quality Monitoring and Evaluation of Vaccines and Biological Products, Sun Yat-sen University, Guanzhou, China.
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11
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Lende SSF, Barnkob NM, Hansen RW, Bansia H, Vestergaard M, Rothemejer FH, Worsaae A, Brown D, Pedersen ML, Rahimic AHF, Juhl AK, Gjetting T, Østergaard L, Georges AD, Vuillard LM, Schleimann MH, Koefoed K, Tolstrup M. Discovery of neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 antibodies enriched in a unique antigen specific B cell cluster. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291131. [PMID: 37729215 PMCID: PMC10511142 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite development of effective SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, a sub-group of vaccine non-responders depends on therapeutic antibodies or small-molecule drugs in cases of severe disease. However, perpetual viral evolution has required continuous efficacy monitoring as well as exploration of new therapeutic antibodies, to circumvent resistance mutations arising in the viral population. We performed SARS-CoV-2-specific B cell sorting and subsequent single-cell sequencing on material from 15 SARS-CoV-2 convalescent participants. Through screening of 455 monoclonal antibodies for SARS-CoV-2 variant binding and virus neutralization, we identified a cluster of activated B cells highly enriched for SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies. Epitope binning and Cryo-EM structure analysis identified the majority of neutralizing antibodies having epitopes overlapping with the ACE2 receptor binding motif (class 1 binders). Extensive functional antibody characterization identified two potent neutralizing antibodies, one retaining SARS-CoV-1 neutralizing capability, while both bind major common variants of concern and display prophylactic efficacy in vivo. The transcriptomic signature of activated B cells harboring broadly binding neutralizing antibodies with therapeutic potential identified here, may be a guide in future efforts of rapid therapeutic antibody discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stine Sofie Frank Lende
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | | | - Harsh Bansia
- Structural Biology Initiative, CUNY Advanced Science Research Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | | | - Frederik Holm Rothemejer
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Deijona Brown
- Structural Biology Initiative, CUNY Advanced Science Research Center, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Maria Lange Pedersen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Anna Karina Juhl
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark
| | - Torben Gjetting
- Structural Biology Initiative, CUNY Advanced Science Research Center, New York, NY, United States of America
- Antibody Technology, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Lars Østergaard
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Amédée Des Georges
- Structural Biology Initiative, CUNY Advanced Science Research Center, New York, NY, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, City College of New York, New York, NY, United States of America
- PhD Programs in Biochemistry, and Chemistry, Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States of America
| | | | | | | | - Martin Tolstrup
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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12
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Rappazzo CG, Fernández-Quintero ML, Mayer A, Wu NC, Greiff V, Guthmiller JJ. Defining and Studying B Cell Receptor and TCR Interactions. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 211:311-322. [PMID: 37459189 PMCID: PMC10495106 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
BCRs (Abs) and TCRs (or adaptive immune receptors [AIRs]) are the means by which the adaptive immune system recognizes foreign and self-antigens, playing an integral part in host defense, as well as the emergence of autoimmunity. Importantly, the interaction between AIRs and their cognate Ags defies a simple key-in-lock paradigm and is instead a complex many-to-many mapping between an individual's massively diverse AIR repertoire, and a similarly diverse antigenic space. Understanding how adaptive immunity balances specificity with epitopic coverage is a key challenge for the field, and terms such as broad specificity, cross-reactivity, and polyreactivity remain ill-defined and are used inconsistently. In this Immunology Notes and Resources article, a group of experimental, structural, and computational immunologists define commonly used terms associated with AIR binding, describe methodologies to study these binding modes, as well as highlight the implications of these different binding modes for therapeutic design.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andreas Mayer
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Nicholas C. Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Victor Greiff
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jenna J. Guthmiller
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045
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13
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Troelnikov A, Armour B, Putty T, Aggarwal A, Akerman A, Milogiannakis V, Chataway T, King J, Turville SG, Gordon TP, Wang JJ. Immunoglobulin repertoire restriction characterizes the serological responses of patients with predominantly antibody deficiency. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 152:290-301.e7. [PMID: 36965845 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Predominantly antibody deficiency (PAD) is the most common category of inborn errors of immunity and is underpinned by impaired generation of appropriate antibody diversity and quantity. In the clinic, responses are interrogated by assessment of vaccination responses, which is central to many PAD diagnoses. However, the composition of the generated antibody repertoire is concealed from traditional quantitative measures of serological responses. Leveraging modern mass spectrometry-based proteomics (MS-proteomics), it is possible to elaborate the molecular features of specific antibody repertoires, which may address current limitations of diagnostic vaccinology. OBJECTIVES We sought to evaluate serum antibody responses in patients with PAD following vaccination with a neo-antigen (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 vaccination) using MS-proteomics. METHODS Following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 vaccination, serological responses in individuals with PAD and healthy controls (HCs) were assessed by anti-S1 subunit ELISA and neutralization assays. Purified anti-S1 subunit IgG and IgM was profiled by MS-proteomics for IGHV subfamily usage and somatic hypermutation analysis. RESULTS Twelve patients with PAD who were vaccine-responsive were recruited with 11 matched vaccinated HCs. Neutralization and end point anti-S1 titers were lower in PAD. All subjects with PAD demonstrated restricted anti-S1 IgG antibody repertoires, with usage of <5 IGHV subfamilies (median: 3; range 2-4), compared to ≥5 for the 11 HC subjects (P < .001). IGHV3-7 utilization was far less common in patients with PAD than in HCs (2 of 12 vs 10 of 11; P = .001). Amino acid substitutions due to somatic hypermutation per subfamily did not differ between groups. Anti-S1 IgM was present in 64% and 50% of HC and PAD cohorts, respectively, and did not differ significantly between HCs and patients with PAD. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the breadth of anti-S1 antibodies elicited by vaccination at the proteome level and identifies stereotypical restriction of IGHV utilization in the IgG repertoire in patients with PAD compared with HC subjects. Despite uniformly pauci-clonal antibody repertoires some patients with PAD generated potent serological responses, highlighting a possible limitation of traditional serological techniques. These findings suggest that IgG repertoire restriction is a key feature of antibody repertoires in PAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Troelnikov
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia; SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Bridie Armour
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia; SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Trishni Putty
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia; SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Tim Chataway
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia
| | - Jovanka King
- SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia; Women's and Children's Hospital Network, Adelaide, Australia; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Tom P Gordon
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia; SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia; Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, Australia
| | - Jing Jing Wang
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia; SA Pathology, Adelaide, Australia
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14
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LI Z, WAN Y, XU L, ZHANG W, ZHANG Y, LIAO P. Clinical and laboratory features in health care volunteers with inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Turk J Med Sci 2023; 53:1185-1193. [PMID: 38813035 PMCID: PMC10763784 DOI: 10.55730/1300-0144.5684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/aim To better optimize the inactivated vaccine-induced immune response and improve vaccine protection efficiency, a preliminary study was conducted on the influencing factors of producing neutralizing antibody (NAb) titers against the inactivated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine. Materials and methods A total of 91 health care volunteers were enrolled from the Immunology Division of the Laboratory Department of Chongqing General Hospital from February to March 2021. The study had a cross-sectional design. All of the volunteers were scheduled to receive a complete dose regimen of the inactivated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine and the vaccination interval between 2 doses was 14 days. Clinical and laboratory features were collected for further analysis. Results The NAb titers gradually increased after COVID-19 vaccination, and 72.53% (n = 66) of the volunteers had NAbs after the second dose. Eight variables, including CD16+CD56+ NK cell level before the first dose (HR = 0.94, p = 0.02), CD16+CD56+ NK cell level after the second dose (HR = 0.94, p = 0.03), interleukin (IL)-2 level before the first dose (HR = 2.09, p = 0.05), mean corpuscular volume (HR = 0.86, p = 0.02), serum urea level (HR = 0.69, p = 0.05), increment of CD19+ B cells (HR = 0.86, p = 0.03), increment of CD4+/CD8+ T cells (HR = 0.21, p = 0.03), and increment of the IL-6 level (HR = 0.75, p = 0.04) demonstrated a correlation with the NAb titers after COVID-19 vaccination. In the multivariate logistical regression analysis, the serum urea level (HR = 2.32, P = 0.03) and increment of CD19+ B cells (HR = 1.96, p = 0.03) were positively correlated with the NAb titers. The principal component analysis effectively distinguished the response after COVID-19 vaccination. The Pearson correlation analysis indicated that the CD19+ B cell level (r = 0.23, p < 0.001) and IL-2 (r = 0.24, p < 0.001) and IL-6 levels (r = 0.22, p < 0.001) were weakly positively correlated with the concentration of NAbs. Conclusion The NAbs titers of the inactivated vaccines were positively correlated with the ratio of CD19+ B cell, IL-6, and IL-2 levels in the serum, which provide clinical guidance for inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie LI
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing,
China
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing,
China
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing,
China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing,
China
| | - Yafang WAN
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing,
China
| | - Lanlan XU
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing,
China
| | - Wenjia ZHANG
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing,
China
| | - Yu ZHANG
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing,
China
| | - Pu LIAO
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing,
China
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing,
China
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing,
China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing,
China
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15
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Ma Y, Li P, Hu Y, Qiu T, Wang L, Lu H, Lv K, Xu M, Zhuang J, Liu X, He S, He B, Liu S, Liu L, Wang Y, Yue X, Zhai Y, Luo W, Mai H, Kuang Y, Chen S, Ye F, Zhou N, Zhao W, Chen J, Chen S, Xiong X, Shi M, Pan JA, Chen YQ. Spike substitution T813S increases Sarbecovirus fusogenicity by enhancing the usage of TMPRSS2. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011123. [PMID: 37196033 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV Spike (S) protein shares considerable homology with SARS-CoV-2 S, especially in the conserved S2 subunit (S2). S protein mediates coronavirus receptor binding and membrane fusion, and the latter activity can greatly influence coronavirus infection. We observed that SARS-CoV S is less effective in inducing membrane fusion compared with SARS-CoV-2 S. We identify that S813T mutation is sufficient in S2 interfering with the cleavage of SARS-CoV-2 S by TMPRSS2, reducing spike fusogenicity and pseudoparticle entry. Conversely, the mutation of T813S in SARS-CoV S increased fusion ability and viral replication. Our data suggested that residue 813 in the S was critical for the proteolytic activation, and the change from threonine to Serine at 813 position might be an evolutionary feature adopted by SARS-2-related viruses. This finding deepened the understanding of Spike fusogenicity and could provide a new perspective for exploring Sarbecovirus' evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Ma
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Pengbin Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yunqi Hu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tianyi Qiu
- Institute of Clinical Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lixiang Wang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongjie Lu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kexin Lv
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mengxin Xu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiaxin Zhuang
- The Center for Infection and Immunity Study and Molecular Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xue Liu
- The Center for Infection and Immunity Study and Molecular Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Suhua He
- Molecular Imaging Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Bing He
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuning Liu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lin Liu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinyu Yue
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanmei Zhai
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wanyu Luo
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haoting Mai
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yu Kuang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shifeng Chen
- The 74(th) Group Army Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng Ye
- The 74(th) Group Army Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Na Zhou
- The 74(th) Group Army Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjing Zhao
- The Center for Infection and Immunity Study and Molecular Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shoudeng Chen
- Molecular Imaging Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Imaging, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Xiaoli Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, CAS Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mang Shi
- The Center for Infection and Immunity Study and Molecular Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ji-An Pan
- The Center for Infection and Immunity Study and Molecular Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yao-Qing Chen
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
- National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Quality Monitoring and Evaluation of Vaccines and Biological Products, Sun Yat-sen University, Guanzhou, China
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16
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Zhou Z, Barrett J, He X. Immune Imprinting and Implications for COVID-19. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11040875. [PMID: 37112787 PMCID: PMC10142218 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11040875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunological memory is the key source of protective immunity against pathogens. At the current stage of the COVID-19 pandemic, heterologous combinations of exposure to viral antigens during infection and/or vaccination shape a distinctive immunological memory. Immune imprinting, the downside of memory, might limit the generation of de novo immune response against variant infection or the response to the next-generation vaccines. Here, we review mechanistic basis of immune imprinting by focusing on B cell immunobiology and discuss the extent to which immune imprinting is harmful, as well as its effect on SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqian Zhou
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Julia Barrett
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xuan He
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610213, China
- Precision Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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17
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Momeni M, Rashidifar M, Balam FH, Roointan A, Gholaminejad A. A comprehensive analysis of gene expression profiling data in COVID-19 patients for discovery of specific and differential blood biomarker signatures. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5599. [PMID: 37019895 PMCID: PMC10075178 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32268-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 is a newly recognized illness with a predominantly respiratory presentation. Although initial analyses have identified groups of candidate gene biomarkers for the diagnosis of COVID-19, they have yet to identify clinically applicable biomarkers, so we need disease-specific diagnostic biomarkers in biofluid and differential diagnosis in comparison with other infectious diseases. This can further increase knowledge of pathogenesis and help guide treatment. Eight transcriptomic profiles of COVID-19 infected versus control samples from peripheral blood (PB), lung tissue, nasopharyngeal swab and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were considered. In order to find COVID-19 potential Specific Blood Differentially expressed genes (SpeBDs), we implemented a strategy based on finding shared pathways of peripheral blood and the most involved tissues in COVID-19 patients. This step was performed to filter blood DEGs with a role in the shared pathways. Furthermore, nine datasets of the three types of Influenza (H1N1, H3N2, and B) were used for the second step. Potential Differential Blood DEGs of COVID-19 versus Influenza (DifBDs) were found by extracting DEGs involved in only enriched pathways by SpeBDs and not by Influenza DEGs. Then in the third step, a machine learning method (a wrapper feature selection approach supervised by four classifiers of k-NN, Random Forest, SVM, Naïve Bayes) was utilized to narrow down the number of SpeBDs and DifBDs and find the most predictive combination of them to select COVID-19 potential Specific Blood Biomarker Signatures (SpeBBSs) and COVID-19 versus influenza Differential Blood Biomarker Signatures (DifBBSs), respectively. After that, models based on SpeBBSs and DifBBSs and the corresponding algorithms were built to assess their performance on an external dataset. Among all the extracted DEGs from the PB dataset (from common PB pathways with BALF, Lung and Swab), 108 unique SpeBD were obtained. Feature selection using Random Forest outperformed its counterparts and selected IGKC, IGLV3-16 and SRP9 among SpeBDs as SpeBBSs. Validation of the constructed model based on these genes and Random Forest on an external dataset resulted in 93.09% Accuracy. Eighty-three pathways enriched by SpeBDs and not by any of the influenza strains were identified, including 87 DifBDs. Using feature selection by Naive Bayes classifier on DifBDs, FMNL2, IGHV3-23, IGLV2-11 and RPL31 were selected as the most predictable DifBBSs. The constructed model based on these genes and Naive Bayes on an external dataset was validated with 87.2% accuracy. Our study identified several candidate blood biomarkers for a potential specific and differential diagnosis of COVID-19. The proposed biomarkers could be valuable targets for practical investigations to validate their potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Momeni
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, The University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Rashidifar
- Department of Plant Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farinaz Hosseini Balam
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Roointan
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan Univerity of Medical Sciences, Hezar Jarib St, Isfahan, 81746-73461, Iran
| | - Alieh Gholaminejad
- Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan Univerity of Medical Sciences, Hezar Jarib St, Isfahan, 81746-73461, Iran.
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18
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Vakhitova M, Myshkin M, Staroverov D, Shagina I, Izraelson M, Tverdova N, Britanova O, Merzlyak E. A Rapid Method for Detection of Antigen-Specific B Cells. Cells 2023; 12:cells12050774. [PMID: 36899909 PMCID: PMC10000731 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has united the efforts of many scientists all over the world to develop wet-lab techniques and computational approaches aimed at the identification of antigen-specific T and B cells. The latter provide specific humoral immunity that is essential for the survival of COVID-19 patients, and vaccine development has essentially been based on these cells. Here, we implemented an approach that integrates the sorting of antigen-specific B cells and B-cell receptor mRNA sequencing (BCR-seq), followed by computational analysis. This rapid and cost-efficient method allowed us to identify antigen-specific B cells in the peripheral blood of patients with severe COVID-19 disease. Subsequently, specific BCRs were extracted, cloned, and produced as full antibodies. We confirmed their reactivity toward the spike RBD domain. Such an approach can be effective for the monitoring and identification of B cells participating in an individual immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariia Vakhitova
- Shemyakin–Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail Myshkin
- Shemyakin–Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitriy Staroverov
- Shemyakin–Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Translation Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina Shagina
- Shemyakin–Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Translation Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mark Izraelson
- Shemyakin–Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nadezhda Tverdova
- Shemyakin–Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Britanova
- Shemyakin–Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Translation Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (O.B.); (E.M.)
| | - Ekaterina Merzlyak
- Shemyakin–Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Translation Medicine, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (O.B.); (E.M.)
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19
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Immunoglobulin germline gene polymorphisms influence the function of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies. Immunity 2023; 56:193-206.e7. [PMID: 36574772 PMCID: PMC9742198 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2022.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The human immunoglobulin heavy-chain (IGH) locus is exceptionally polymorphic, with high levels of allelic and structural variation. Thus, germline IGH genotypes are personal, which may influence responses to infection and vaccination. For an improved understanding of inter-individual differences in antibody responses, we isolated SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific monoclonal antibodies from convalescent health care workers, focusing on the IGHV1-69 gene, which has the highest level of allelic variation of all IGHV genes. The IGHV1-69∗20-using CAB-I47 antibody and two similar antibodies isolated from an independent donor were critically dependent on allele usage. Neutralization was retained when reverting the V region to the germline IGHV1-69∗20 allele but lost when reverting to other IGHV1-69 alleles. Structural data confirmed that two germline-encoded polymorphisms, R50 and F55, in the IGHV1-69 gene were required for high-affinity receptor-binding domain interaction. These results demonstrate that polymorphisms in IGH genes can influence the function of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies.
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20
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Safra M, Tamari Z, Polak P, Shiber S, Matan M, Karameh H, Helviz Y, Levy-Barda A, Yahalom V, Peretz A, Ben-Chetrit E, Brenner B, Tuller T, Gal-Tanamy M, Yaari G. Altered somatic hypermutation patterns in COVID-19 patients classifies disease severity. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1031914. [PMID: 37153628 PMCID: PMC10154551 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1031914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The success of the human body in fighting SARS-CoV2 infection relies on lymphocytes and their antigen receptors. Identifying and characterizing clinically relevant receptors is of utmost importance. Methods We report here the application of a machine learning approach, utilizing B cell receptor repertoire sequencing data from severely and mildly infected individuals with SARS-CoV2 compared with uninfected controls. Results In contrast to previous studies, our approach successfully stratifies non-infected from infected individuals, as well as disease level of severity. The features that drive this classification are based on somatic hypermutation patterns, and point to alterations in the somatic hypermutation process in COVID-19 patients. Discussion These features may be used to build and adapt therapeutic strategies to COVID-19, in particular to quantitatively assess potential diagnostic and therapeutic antibodies. These results constitute a proof of concept for future epidemiological challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Modi Safra
- Bio-engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Bar Ilan Institute of Nanotechnologies and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Zvi Tamari
- Bio-engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Bar Ilan Institute of Nanotechnologies and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Pazit Polak
- Bio-engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Bar Ilan Institute of Nanotechnologies and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Shachaf Shiber
- Emergency Department, Rabin Medical Center-Belinson Campus, Petah Tikva, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Moshe Matan
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Baruch Padeh Medical Center, Poriya, Israel
| | - Hani Karameh
- Jesselson Integrated Heart Center, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Hebrew University School of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yigal Helviz
- Intensive Care Unit, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Hebrew University School of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Adva Levy-Barda
- Biobank, Department of Pathology, Rabin Medical Center-Belinson Campus, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Vered Yahalom
- Blood Services and Apheresis Institute, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Avi Peretz
- Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, Baruch Padeh Medical Center, Poriya, Israel
- The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Eli Ben-Chetrit
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Hebrew University School of Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Baruch Brenner
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
- Institute of Oncology, Rabin Medical Center-Belinson Campus, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Tamir Tuller
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and The Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Gur Yaari
- Bio-engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Bar Ilan Institute of Nanotechnologies and Advanced Materials, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
- *Correspondence: Gur Yaari,
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21
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Han T, Chen L, Gu J, Wu S, Maihemuti M, Yang J, Wang H, Wu J, Zhang Y, Cong Y, Wang J, Chen T. Patients with advanced pancreatic and biliary cancer appear vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant: An observational study during the COVID-19 outbreak in Shanghai. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1115293. [PMID: 37035158 PMCID: PMC10073743 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1115293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has spread rapidly across the globe. Cancer patients have a higher risk of severe infections and associated mortality than the general population. However, the lethal effect of Omicron-variant affection on advanced pancreatic and biliary cancer patients is still not clear. Herein, we designed an observational study to shed light on the influence of the Omicron variant on this so-called "King of Cancer" and improve management of these patients with COVID-19 in the future. Methods Omicron-infected patients with advanced pancreatic and biliary cancer were enrolled from 15 April to 31 May 2022. Four groups were set up in this study: Group 1, Omicron-infected cancer patients (N = 4); Group 2, non-infected cancer patients (N = 4); Group 3, infected non-cancer-afflicted subjects (N = 4); Group 4, non-infected non-cancer-afflicted subjects (N = 4). On Days 0, 7, and 14 after infection, the blood samples were collected dynamically from all subjects. The primary endpoints were disease severity and survival. Results At the endpoint of this observational study, Patient Nos. 2, 3, and 4 died separately on Days 11, 25, and 13 after viral infection. All of them had advanced cancer, with a death rate of up to 75%. Group 1 presented an overall T-cell exhaustion status compared with other groups. Group 1 had obviously lower T-cell populations and higher B-cell percentages and CD4+T/CD8+T ratios (P <0.05). Time-course cytokine monitoring results showed that IL-1β was significantly decreased in Group 1 (P <0.05) and generally kept at a low level without obvious fluctuation. IL-6 was markedly increased in infected cancer patients (P <0.01) but remained at a low level and had no apparent change during the whole infection process in non-cancer-afflicted subjects. Furthermore, several inflammatory parameter indexes indicated a tight association of Omicron infection with the disease course and prognosis of Omicron-infected cancer patients. Conclusions Advanced pancreatic and biliary cancer patients with Omicron infection have severe symptoms and poor outcomes. More attention, protective measures, and routine healthcare services should be recommended to these vulnerable populations in clinical practice during the pandemic in the foreseeable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Han
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lujun Chen
- The General Hospital of Northern Theater Command Training Base for Graduate, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jia Gu
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shen Wu
- Department of Oncology, Seventh People’s Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Maiweilan Maihemuti
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jue Yang
- Department of Oncology, Seventh People’s Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Oncology, Seventh People’s Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Wu
- The General Hospital of Northern Theater Command Training Base for Graduate, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Seventh People’s Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Cong
- Department of Oncology, Seventh People’s Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiening Wang
- Department of Oncology, Seventh People’s Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Tingsong Chen, ; Jiening Wang,
| | - Tingsong Chen
- Department of Oncology, Seventh People’s Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Tingsong Chen, ; Jiening Wang,
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22
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Gupta M, Balachandran H, Louie RHY, Li H, Agapiou D, Keoshkerian E, Christ D, Rawlinson W, Mina MM, Post JJ, Hudson B, Gilroy N, Konecny P, Bartlett AW, Sasson SC, Ahlenstiel G, Dwyer D, Lloyd AR, Martinello M, Luciani F, Bull RA. High activation levels maintained in receptor-binding domain-specific memory B cells in people with severe coronavirus disease 2019. Immunol Cell Biol 2022; 101:142-155. [PMID: 36353774 PMCID: PMC9878167 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The long-term health consequences of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection are still being understood. The molecular and phenotypic properties of SARS-CoV-2 antigen-specific T cells suggest a dysfunctional profile that persists in convalescence in those who were severely ill. By contrast, the antigen-specific memory B-cell (MBC) population has not yet been analyzed to the same degree, but phenotypic analysis suggests differences following recovery from mild or severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Here, we performed single-cell molecular analysis of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD)-specific MBC population in three patients after severe COVID-19 and four patients after mild/moderate COVID-19. We analyzed the transcriptomic and B-cell receptor repertoire profiles at ~2 months and ~4 months after symptom onset. Transcriptomic analysis revealed a higher level of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) signaling via nuclear factor-kappa B in the severe group, involving CD80, FOS, CD83 and TNFAIP3 genes that was maintained over time. We demonstrated the presence of two distinct activated MBCs subsets based on expression of CD80hi TNFAIP3hi and CD11chi CD95hi at the transcriptome level. Both groups revealed an increase in somatic hypermutation over time, indicating progressive evolution of humoral memory. This study revealed distinct molecular signatures of long-term RBD-specific MBCs in convalescence, indicating that the longevity of these cells may differ depending on acute COVID-19 severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Money Gupta
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medical SciencesUniversity of New South Wales AustraliaSydneyNSWAustralia,The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, AustraliaSydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Harikrishnan Balachandran
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medical SciencesUniversity of New South Wales AustraliaSydneyNSWAustralia,The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, AustraliaSydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Raymond H Y Louie
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medical SciencesUniversity of New South Wales AustraliaSydneyNSWAustralia,The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, AustraliaSydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Hui Li
- The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, AustraliaSydneyNSWAustralia
| | - David Agapiou
- The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, AustraliaSydneyNSWAustralia
| | | | - Daniel Christ
- Antibody Therapeutics LabGarvan Institute of Medical ResearchDarlinghurstNSWAustralia
| | - William Rawlinson
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medical SciencesUniversity of New South Wales AustraliaSydneyNSWAustralia,Serology and Virology Division, Department of MicrobiologyNSW Health Pathology, Prince of Wales HospitalSydneyNSWAustralia
| | | | - Jeffrey J Post
- Prince of Wales Clinical SchoolUniversity of New South Wales, AustraliaSydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Bernard Hudson
- Infectious diseasesRoyal North Shore HospitalSydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Nicky Gilroy
- Infectious DiseasesWestmead HospitalSydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Pamela Konecny
- St George and Sutherland Clinical SchoolUniversity of New South Wales, SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Adam W Bartlett
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medical SciencesUniversity of New South Wales AustraliaSydneyNSWAustralia,The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, AustraliaSydneyNSWAustralia,Sydney Children's Hospital RandwickSydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Sarah C Sasson
- The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, AustraliaSydneyNSWAustralia
| | | | - Dominic Dwyer
- Infectious DiseasesWestmead HospitalSydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Andrew R Lloyd
- The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, AustraliaSydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Marianne Martinello
- The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, AustraliaSydneyNSWAustralia,Infectious DiseasesWestmead HospitalSydneyNSWAustralia,Blacktown Mount Druitt HospitalBlacktownNSWAustralia
| | - Fabio Luciani
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medical SciencesUniversity of New South Wales AustraliaSydneyNSWAustralia,The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, AustraliaSydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Rowena A Bull
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Medical SciencesUniversity of New South Wales AustraliaSydneyNSWAustralia,The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, AustraliaSydneyNSWAustralia
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23
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He B, Liu S, Xu M, Hu Y, Lv K, Wang Y, Ma Y, Zhai Y, Yue X, Liu L, Lu H, Zhou S, Li P, Mai G, Huang X, Li C, Chen S, Ye S, Zhao P, Yang Y, Li X, Jie Y, Shi M, Yang J, Shu Y, Chen YQ. Comparative global B cell receptor repertoire difference induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination via single-cell V(D)J sequencing. Emerg Microbes Infect 2022; 11:2007-2020. [PMID: 35899581 PMCID: PMC9377262 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2105261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic changes of the paired heavy and light chain B cell receptor (BCR) repertoire provide an essential insight into understanding the humoral immune response post-SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination. However, differences between the endogenous paired BCR repertoire kinetics in SARS-CoV-2 infection and previously recovered/naïve subjects treated with the inactivated vaccine remain largely unknown. We performed single-cell V(D)J sequencing of B cells from six healthy donors with three shots of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (BBIBP-CorV), five people who received the BBIBP-CorV vaccine after having recovered from COVID-19, five unvaccinated COVID-19 recovered patients and then integrated with public data of B cells from four SARS-CoV-2-infected subjects. We discovered that BCR variable (V) genes were more prominently used in the SARS-CoV-2 exposed groups (both in the group with active infection and in the group that had recovered) than in the vaccinated groups. The VH gene that expanded the most after SARS-CoV-2 infection was IGHV3-33, while IGHV3-23 in the vaccinated groups. SARS-CoV-2-infected group enhanced more BCR clonal expansion and somatic hypermutation than the vaccinated healthy group. A small proportion of public clonotypes were shared between the SARS-CoV-2 infected, vaccinated healthy, and recovered groups. Moreover, several public antibodies had been identified against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. We comprehensively characterize the paired heavy and light chain BCR repertoire from SARS-CoV-2 infection to vaccination, providing further guidance for the development of the next-generation precision vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing He
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shuning Liu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengxin Xu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunqi Hu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kexin Lv
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Ma
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanmei Zhai
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Yue
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Liu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongjie Lu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Siwei Zhou
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengbin Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Guoqin Mai
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoping Huang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chenhang Li
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shifeng Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The 74(th) Group Army Hospital, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shupei Ye
- SSL Central Hospital of Dongguan City, Dongguan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pingsen Zhao
- Laboratory for Diagnosis of Clinical Microbiology and Infection, Medical Research Center, Yuebei People’s Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuedong Yang
- School of Data and Computer Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinhua Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Key Laboratory of Liver Disease of Guangdong Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yusheng Jie
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mang Shi
- The Centre for Infection and Immunity Studies, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingyi Yang
- Vaccine and Immunology Research Center, Translational Medical Research Institute, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuelong Shu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yao-Qing Chen
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, People’s Republic of China
- b School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- k Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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24
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A triple-RBD-based mucosal vaccine provides broad protection against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. Cell Mol Immunol 2022; 19:1279-1289. [PMID: 36220993 PMCID: PMC9552159 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-022-00929-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid mutation and spread of SARS-CoV-2 variants urge the development of effective mucosal vaccines to provide broad-spectrum protection against the initial infection and thereby curb the transmission potential. Here, we designed a chimeric triple-RBD immunogen, 3Ro-NC, harboring one Delta RBD and two Omicron RBDs within a novel protein scaffold. 3Ro-NC elicits potent and broad RBD-specific neutralizing immunity against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. Notably, intranasal immunization with 3Ro-NC plus the mucosal adjuvant KFD (3Ro-NC + KFDi.n) elicits coordinated mucosal IgA and higher neutralizing antibody specificity (closer antigenic distance) against the Omicron variant. In Omicron-challenged human ACE2 transgenic mice, 3Ro-NC + KFDi.n immunization significantly reduces the tissue pathology in the lung and lowers the viral RNA copy numbers in both the lung (85.7-fold) and the nasal turbinate (13.6-fold). Nasal virologic control is highly correlated with RBD-specific secretory IgA antibodies. Our data show that 3Ro-NC plus KFD is a promising mucosal vaccine candidate for protection against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron infection, pathology and transmission potential.
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25
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Xu Z, Ismanto HS, Zhou H, Saputri DS, Sugihara F, Standley DM. Advances in antibody discovery from human BCR repertoires. FRONTIERS IN BIOINFORMATICS 2022; 2:1044975. [PMID: 36338807 PMCID: PMC9631452 DOI: 10.3389/fbinf.2022.1044975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies make up an important and growing class of compounds used for the diagnosis or treatment of disease. While traditional antibody discovery utilized immunization of animals to generate lead compounds, technological innovations have made it possible to search for antibodies targeting a given antigen within the repertoires of B cells in humans. Here we group these innovations into four broad categories: cell sorting allows the collection of cells enriched in specificity to one or more antigens; BCR sequencing can be performed on bulk mRNA, genomic DNA or on paired (heavy-light) mRNA; BCR repertoire analysis generally involves clustering BCRs into specificity groups or more in-depth modeling of antibody-antigen interactions, such as antibody-specific epitope predictions; validation of antibody-antigen interactions requires expression of antibodies, followed by antigen binding assays or epitope mapping. Together with innovations in Deep learning these technologies will contribute to the future discovery of diagnostic and therapeutic antibodies directly from humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zichang Xu
- Department of Genome Informatics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Hendra S. Ismanto
- Department of Genome Informatics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Hao Zhou
- Department of Genome Informatics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Dianita S. Saputri
- Department of Genome Informatics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Fuminori Sugihara
- Core Instrumentation Facility, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Daron M. Standley
- Department of Genome Informatics, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Department Systems Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- *Correspondence: Daron M. Standley,
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26
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Lee HK, Knabl L, Walter M, Furth PA, Hennighausen L. Limited cross-variant immune response from SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2 in naïve but not previously infected outpatients. iScience 2022; 25:105369. [PMID: 36267551 PMCID: PMC9561373 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Omicron is currently the dominant SARS-CoV-2 variant and several sublineages have emerged. Questions remain about the impact of previous SARS-CoV-2 exposure on cross-variant immune responses elicited by the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sublineage BA.2 compared to BA.1. Here we show that without previous history of COVID-19, BA.2 infection induces a reduced immune response against all variants of concern (VOC) compared to BA.1 infection. The absence of ACE2 binding in sera of previously naïve BA.1 and BA.2 patients indicates a lack of meaningful neutralization. In contrast, anti-spike antibody levels and neutralizing activity greatly increased in the BA.1 and BA.2 patients with a previous history of COVID-19. Transcriptome analyses of peripheral immune cells showed significant differences in immune response and specific antibody generation between BA.1 and BA.2 patients as well as significant differences in expression of specific immune genes. In summary, prior infection status significantly impacts the innate and adaptive immune response against VOC following BA.2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Kyung Lee
- National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | | | - Mary Walter
- Clinical Core, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Priscilla A Furth
- Departments of Oncology & Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Lothar Hennighausen
- National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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27
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Lee HK, Hoechstetter MA, Buchner M, Pham TT, Huh JW, Müller K, Zange S, von Buttlar H, Girl P, Wölfel R, Brandmeier L, Pfeuffer L, Furth PA, Wendtner CM, Hennighausen L. Comprehensive analysis of immune responses in CLL patients after heterologous COVID-19 vaccination. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2022:2022.09.21.22280205. [PMID: 36172132 PMCID: PMC9516861 DOI: 10.1101/2022.09.21.22280205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) treated with B-cell pathway inhibitors and anti-CD20 antibodies exhibit low humoral response rate (RR) following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. To investigate the relationship between the initial transcriptional response to vaccination with ensuing B and T cell immune responses, we performed a comprehensive immune transcriptome analysis flanked by antibody and T cell assays in peripheral blood prospectively collected from 15 CLL/SLL patients vaccinated with heterologous BNT162b2/ChAdOx1 with follow up at a single institution. The two-dose antibody RR was 40% increasing to 53% after booster. Patients on BTKi, venetoclax ± anti-CD20 antibody within 12 months of vaccination responded less well than those under BTKi alone. The two-dose T cell RR was 80% increasing to 93% after booster. Transcriptome studies revealed that seven patients showed interferon-mediated signaling activation within 2 days and one at 7 days after vaccination. Increasing counts of COVID-19 specific IGHV genes correlated with B-cell reconstitution and improved humoral RR. T cell responses in CLL patients appeared after vaccination regardless of treatment status. A higher humoral RR was associated with BTKi treatment and B-cell reconstitution. Boosting was particularly effective when intrinsic immune status was improved by CLL-treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Kyung Lee
- National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Manuela A. Hoechstetter
- Munich Clinic Schwabing, Academic Teaching Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Maike Buchner
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,TranslaTUM - Central Institute for Translational Cancer Research, Technische Universität München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Trang Thu Pham
- Munich Clinic Schwabing, Academic Teaching Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Jin Won Huh
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Katharina Müller
- Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, Munich, Germany,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sabine Zange
- Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, Munich, Germany,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Heiner von Buttlar
- Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, Munich, Germany,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Philipp Girl
- Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, Munich, Germany,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Roman Wölfel
- Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, Munich, Germany,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lisa Brandmeier
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lisa Pfeuffer
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Priscilla A. Furth
- Departments of Oncology & Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Clemens-Martin Wendtner
- Munich Clinic Schwabing, Academic Teaching Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilian University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Lothar Hennighausen
- National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Liu W, Jia J, Dai Y, Chen W, Pei G, Yan Q, Zhao Z. Delineating COVID-19 immunological features using single-cell RNA sequencing. Innovation (N Y) 2022; 3:100289. [PMID: 35879967 PMCID: PMC9299978 DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2022.100289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the molecular mechanisms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pathogenesis and immune response is vital for developing therapies. Single-cell RNA sequencing has been applied to delineate the cellular heterogeneity of the host response toward COVID-19 in multiple tissues and organs. Here, we review the applications and findings from over 80 original COVID-19 single-cell RNA sequencing studies as well as many secondary analysis studies. We describe that single-cell RNA sequencing reveals multiple features of COVID-19 patients with different severity, including cell populations with proportional alteration, COVID-19-induced genes and pathways, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in single cells, and adaptation of immune repertoire. We also collect published single-cell RNA sequencing datasets from original studies. Finally, we discuss the limitations in current studies and perspectives for future advance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendao Liu
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Johnathan Jia
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yulin Dai
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wenhao Chen
- Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Research Institute and Institute for Academic Medicine, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Guangsheng Pei
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Qiheng Yan
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhongming Zhao
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for Precision Health, School of Biomedical Informatics, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
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29
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de Souza MO, Madan B, Teng IT, Huang A, Liu L, Fahad AS, Lopez Acevedo SN, Pan X, Sastry M, Gutierrez-Gonzalez M, Yin MT, Zhou T, Ho DD, Kwong PD, DeKosky BJ. Mapping monoclonal anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody repertoires against diverse coronavirus antigens. Front Immunol 2022; 13:977064. [PMID: 36119018 PMCID: PMC9478573 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.977064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have emerged continuously, challenging the effectiveness of vaccines, diagnostics, and treatments. Moreover, the possibility of the appearance of a new betacoronavirus with high transmissibility and high fatality is reason for concern. In this study, we used a natively paired yeast display technology, combined with next-generation sequencing (NGS) and massive bioinformatic analysis to perform a comprehensive study of subdomain specificity of natural human antibodies from two convalescent donors. Using this screening technology, we mapped the cross-reactive responses of antibodies generated by the two donors against SARS-CoV-2 variants and other betacoronaviruses. We tested the neutralization potency of a set of the cross-reactive antibodies generated in this study and observed that most of the antibodies produced by these patients were non-neutralizing. We performed a comparison of the specific and non-specific antibodies by somatic hypermutation in a repertoire-scale for the two individuals and observed that the degree of somatic hypermutation was unique for each patient. The data from this study provide functional insights into cross-reactive antibodies that can assist in the development of strategies against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants and divergent betacoronaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Oliveira de Souza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Bharat Madan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - I-Ting Teng
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Aric Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Lihong Liu
- Aaron Diamond acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ahmed S. Fahad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Sheila N. Lopez Acevedo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Xiaoli Pan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Mallika Sastry
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Matias Gutierrez-Gonzalez
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Michael T. Yin
- Department of Medicine , Division of Infectious Diseases, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Tongqing Zhou
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - David D. Ho
- Aaron Diamond acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) Research Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Peter D. Kwong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Brandon J. DeKosky
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
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30
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Qi F, Cao Y, Zhang S, Zhang Z. Single-cell analysis of the adaptive immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination. Front Immunol 2022; 13:964976. [PMID: 36119105 PMCID: PMC9478577 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.964976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Amid the ongoing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, vaccination and early therapeutic interventions are the most effective means to combat and control the severity of the disease. Host immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 and its variants, particularly adaptive immune responses, should be fully understood to develop improved strategies to implement these measures. Single-cell multi-omic technologies, including flow cytometry, single-cell transcriptomics, and single-cell T-cell receptor (TCR) and B-cell receptor (BCR) profiling, offer a better solution to examine the protective or pathological immune responses and molecular mechanisms associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, thus providing crucial support for the development of vaccines and therapeutics for COVID-19. Recent reviews have revealed the overall immune landscape of natural SARS-CoV-2 infection, and this review will focus on adaptive immune responses (including T cells and B cells) to SARS-CoV-2 revealed by single-cell multi-omics technologies. In addition, we explore how the single-cell analyses disclose the critical components of immune protection and pathogenesis during SARS-CoV-2 infection through the comparison between the adaptive immune responses induced by natural infection and by vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furong Qi
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Single-Cell Omics Reasearch and Application, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yingyin Cao
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuye Zhang
- Clinical Center for BioTherapy and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Institute for Hepatology, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen Third People’s Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Single-Cell Omics Reasearch and Application, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Research Center for Communicable Disease Diagnosis and Treatment of Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Shenzhen, China
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31
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Välikangas T, Junttila S, Rytkönen KT, Kukkonen-Macchi A, Suomi T, Elo LL. COVID-19-specific transcriptomic signature detectable in blood across multiple cohorts. Front Genet 2022; 13:929887. [PMID: 35991542 PMCID: PMC9388772 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.929887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is spreading across the world despite vast global vaccination efforts. Consequently, many studies have looked for potential human host factors and immune mechanisms associated with the disease. However, most studies have focused on comparing COVID-19 patients to healthy controls, while fewer have elucidated the specific host factors distinguishing COVID-19 from other infections. To discover genes specifically related to COVID-19, we reanalyzed transcriptome data from nine independent cohort studies, covering multiple infections, including COVID-19, influenza, seasonal coronaviruses, and bacterial pneumonia. The identified COVID-19-specific signature consisted of 149 genes, involving many signals previously associated with the disease, such as induction of a strong immunoglobulin response and hemostasis, as well as dysregulation of cell cycle-related processes. Additionally, potential new gene candidates related to COVID-19 were discovered. To facilitate exploration of the signature with respect to disease severity, disease progression, and different cell types, we also offer an online tool for easy visualization of the selected genes across multiple datasets at both bulk and single-cell levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommi Välikangas
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Sini Junttila
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Kalle T. Rytkönen
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Anu Kukkonen-Macchi
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Tomi Suomi
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- *Correspondence: Tomi Suomi, ; Laura L. Elo,
| | - Laura L. Elo
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- *Correspondence: Tomi Suomi, ; Laura L. Elo,
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32
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Deng L, Yang F, Xu Z, Li F, Zhao J, Deng H, Jian Z, Lai S, Sun X, Zhu L. Characterization of B cell receptor H-CDR3 repertoire of spleen in PRV-infected mice. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:228. [PMID: 35715782 PMCID: PMC9204683 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03340-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudorabies virus (PRV), also known as suid Alphaherpesvirus 1 (SuHV-1), which is one of the most devastating infectious pathogen of swine industry worldwide. Vaccination is the safest and most effective PRV prevention and control strategy. B cell receptor (BCR) is membrane-bound immunoglobulin located on the surface of B cells capable of specifically binding foreign antigens, which is one of the most important molecules regulating the proliferation and function of B cells. Here, to assess the molecular diversity of BCR H-CDR3 repertoire after different PRV strains infection, we detected the IGHV, IGHD, IGHJ genes usage and CDR3 sequence changes of mice spleen with PRV vaccine strain (Bartha-K61), variant strain (XJ) and mock infection by high-throughput sequencing. We found that PRV-infected groups shared partial BCR sequences, which are most likely to be PRV-specific BCR candidates. However, there were still differences in the IGHV genes usage as well as the combined usage of IGHV and IGHJ genes between the Bartha-K61 strain and XJ strain infection groups. In addition, the CDR3 sequences exhibited large differences in the types and lengths in PRV infection groups. Our study contributes to a better understanding of the host adaptive immune response to PRV infection and provides a theoretical basis for further research on novel and efficient PRV vaccines in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lishuang Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fan Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiwen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Fengqin Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- College of Animal Science, Xichang University, Xichang, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huidan Deng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhijie Jian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Siyuan Lai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiangang Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China.
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33
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Liu XX, Chen XH, Zheng ZW, Jiang Q, Li C, Yang L, Chen X, Mao XF, Yuan HY, Feng LL, Jiang Q, Shi WX, Sasaki T, Fukunaga K, Chen Z, Han F, Lu YM. BOD1 regulates the cerebellar IV/V lobe-fastigial nucleus circuit associated with motor coordination. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:170. [PMID: 35641478 PMCID: PMC9156688 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-00989-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebellar ataxias are characterized by a progressive decline in motor coordination, but the specific output circuits and underlying pathological mechanism remain poorly understood. Through cell-type-specific manipulations, we discovered a novel GABAergic Purkinje cell (PC) circuit in the cerebellar IV/V lobe that projected to CaMKIIα+ neurons in the fastigial nucleus (FN), which regulated sensorimotor coordination. Furthermore, transcriptomics profiling analysis revealed various cerebellar neuronal identities, and we validated that biorientation defective 1 (BOD1) played an important role in the circuit of IV/V lobe to FN. BOD1 deficit in PCs of IV/V lobe attenuated the excitability and spine density of PCs, accompany with ataxia behaviors. Instead, BOD1 enrichment in PCs of IV/V lobe reversed the hyperexcitability of CaMKIIα+ neurons in the FN and ameliorated ataxia behaviors in L7-Cre; BOD1f/f mice. Together, these findings further suggest that specific regulation of the cerebellar IV/V lobePCs → FNCaMKIIα+ circuit might provide neuromodulatory targets for the treatment of ataxia behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Xiu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular & Cerebrovascular Medicine, Drug Target and Drug Discovery Center, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, 211166, Nanjing, China
| | - Xing-Hui Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, 211166, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Zheng
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, 211166, Nanjing, China
| | - Qin Jiang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, 211166, Nanjing, China
| | - Chen Li
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular & Cerebrovascular Medicine, Drug Target and Drug Discovery Center, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, 211166, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, 211166, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular & Cerebrovascular Medicine, Drug Target and Drug Discovery Center, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, 211166, Nanjing, China
| | - Xing-Feng Mao
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular & Cerebrovascular Medicine, Drug Target and Drug Discovery Center, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, 211166, Nanjing, China
| | - Hao-Yang Yuan
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, 211166, Nanjing, China
| | - Li-Li Feng
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular & Cerebrovascular Medicine, Drug Target and Drug Discovery Center, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, 211166, Nanjing, China
| | - Quan Jiang
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Xing Shi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Pharmacy, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA.,Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Takuya Sasaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Kohji Fukunaga
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Zhong Chen
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 310058, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feng Han
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular & Cerebrovascular Medicine, Drug Target and Drug Discovery Center, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, 211166, Nanjing, China. .,Institute of Brain Science, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, China. .,Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 215002, Suzhou, China.
| | - Ying-Mei Lu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Nanjing Medical University, 211166, Nanjing, China. .,Institute of Brain Science, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, China.
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Paschold L, Klee B, Gottschick C, Willscher E, Diexer S, Schultheiß C, Simnica D, Sedding D, Girndt M, Gekle M, Mikolajczyk R, Binder M. Rapid Hypermutation B Cell Trajectory Recruits Previously Primed B Cells Upon Third SARS-Cov-2 mRNA Vaccination. Front Immunol 2022; 13:876306. [PMID: 35615365 PMCID: PMC9126551 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.876306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic shows that vaccination strategies building on an ancestral viral strain need to be optimized for the control of potentially emerging viral variants. Therefore, aiming at strong B cell somatic hypermutation to increase antibody affinity to the ancestral strain - not only at high antibody titers - is a priority when utilizing vaccines that are not targeted at individual variants since high affinity may offer some flexibility to compensate for strain-individual mutations. Here, we developed a next-generation sequencing based SARS-CoV-2 B cell tracking protocol to rapidly determine the level of immunoglobulin somatic hypermutation at distinct points during the immunization period. The percentage of somatically hypermutated B cells in the SARS-CoV-2 specific repertoire was low after the primary vaccination series, evolved further over months and increased steeply after boosting. The third vaccination mobilized not only naïve, but also antigen-experienced B cell clones into further rapid somatic hypermutation trajectories indicating increased affinity. Together, the strongly mutated post-booster repertoires and antibodies deriving from this may explain why the third, but not the primary vaccination series, offers some protection against immune-escape variants such as Omicron B.1.1.529.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Paschold
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Oncology/Hematology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Bianca Klee
- Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics (IMEBI), Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Medical School of the Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Cornelia Gottschick
- Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics (IMEBI), Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Medical School of the Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Edith Willscher
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Oncology/Hematology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Sophie Diexer
- Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics (IMEBI), Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Medical School of the Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Christoph Schultheiß
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Oncology/Hematology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Donjete Simnica
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Oncology/Hematology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Daniel Sedding
- Mid-German Heart Center, Department of Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Matthias Girndt
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Michael Gekle
- Julius Bernstein-Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Rafael Mikolajczyk
- Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics (IMEBI), Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Medical School of the Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Mascha Binder
- Department of Internal Medicine IV, Oncology/Hematology, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
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Potential of Microneedle Systems for COVID-19 Vaccination: Current Trends and Challenges. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14051066. [PMID: 35631652 PMCID: PMC9144974 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14051066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To prevent the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and aid restoration to prepandemic normality, global mass vaccination is urgently needed. Inducing herd immunity through mass vaccination has proven to be a highly effective strategy for preventing the spread of many infectious diseases, which protects the most vulnerable population groups that are unable to develop immunity, such as people with immunodeficiencies or weakened immune systems due to underlying medical or debilitating conditions. In achieving global outreach, the maintenance of the vaccine potency, transportation, and needle waste generation become major issues. Moreover, needle phobia and vaccine hesitancy act as hurdles to successful mass vaccination. The use of dissolvable microneedles for COVID-19 vaccination could act as a major paradigm shift in attaining the desired goal to vaccinate billions in the shortest time possible. In addressing these points, we discuss the potential of the use of dissolvable microneedles for COVID-19 vaccination based on the current literature.
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Yu T, Ling Q, Xu M, Wang N, Wang L, Lin H, Cao M, Ma Y, Wang Y, Li K, Liubing D, Jin Y, Li Y, Guo D, Peng X, Chen Y, Zhao B, Pan J. ORF8 protein of SARS‐CoV‐2 reduces male fertility in mice. J Med Virol 2022; 94:4193-4205. [PMID: 35570330 PMCID: PMC9348351 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
As one of the most rapidly evolving proteins of the genus Betacoronavirus, open reading frames (ORF8's) function and potential pathological consequence in vivo are still obscure. In this study, we show that the secretion of ORF8 is dependent on its N‐terminal signal peptide sequence and can be inhibited by reactive oxygen species scavenger and endoplasmic reticulum‐Golgi transportation inhibitor in cultured cells. To trace the effect of its possible in vivo secretion, we examined the plasma samples of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) convalescent patients and found that the patients aged from 40 to 60 had higher antibody titers than those under 40. To explore ORF8's in vivo function, we administered the mice with ORF8 via tail‐vein injection to simulate the circulating ORF8 in the patient. Although no apparent difference in body weight, food intake, and vitality was detected between vehicle‐ and ORF8‐treated mice, the latter displayed morphological abnormalities of testes and epididymides, as indicated by the loss of the central ductal lumen accompanied by a decreased fertility in 5‐week‐old male mice. Furthermore, the analysis of gene expression in the testes between vehicle‐ and ORF8‐treated mice identified a decreased expression of Col1a1, the loss of which is known to be associated with mice's infertility. Although whether our observation in mice could be translated to humans remains unclear, our study provides a potential mouse model that can be used to investigate the impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection on the human reproductive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yu
- The Center for Infection and Immunity Study and Molecular Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat‐sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, ShenzhenGuangdong518107China
| | - Qiao Ling
- The Center for Infection and Immunity Study and Molecular Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat‐sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, ShenzhenGuangdong518107China
| | - Mengxin Xu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen)Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityNo. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, ShenzhenGuangdong518107China
| | - Niu Wang
- The Center for Infection and Immunity Study and Molecular Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat‐sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, ShenzhenGuangdong518107China
| | - Lixia Wang
- The Center for Infection and Immunity Study and Molecular Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat‐sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, ShenzhenGuangdong518107China
| | - Hanwen Lin
- The Center for Infection and Immunity Study and Molecular Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat‐sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, ShenzhenGuangdong518107China
| | - Manqi Cao
- The Center for Infection and Immunity Study and Molecular Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat‐sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, ShenzhenGuangdong518107China
| | - Yong Ma
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen)Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityNo. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, ShenzhenGuangdong518107China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen)Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityNo. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, ShenzhenGuangdong518107China
| | - Kuibiao Li
- Guangzhou Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, GuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Du Liubing
- The Center for Infection and Immunity Study and Molecular Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat‐sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, ShenzhenGuangdong518107China
| | - Yunyun Jin
- The Center for Infection and Immunity Study and Molecular Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat‐sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, ShenzhenGuangdong518107China
| | - Ying Li
- The Center for Infection and Immunity Study and Molecular Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat‐sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, ShenzhenGuangdong518107China
| | - Deyin Guo
- The Center for Infection and Immunity Study and Molecular Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat‐sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, ShenzhenGuangdong518107China
| | - Xiaoxue Peng
- The Center for Infection and Immunity Study and Molecular Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat‐sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, ShenzhenGuangdong518107China
| | - Yao‐qing Chen
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen)Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityNo. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, ShenzhenGuangdong518107China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat‐sen University), Ministry of EducationGuangzhouChina
| | - Bo Zhao
- The Center for Infection and Immunity Study and Molecular Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat‐sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, ShenzhenGuangdong518107China
| | - Ji‐An Pan
- The Center for Infection and Immunity Study and Molecular Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat‐sen University, No. 66, Gongchang Road, Guangming District, ShenzhenGuangdong518107China
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Lee HK, Knabl L, Walter M, Furth PA, Hennighausen L. Limited cross-variant immune response from SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2 in naïve but not previously infected outpatients.. [PMID: 35441161 PMCID: PMC9016656 DOI: 10.1101/2022.04.07.22273565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Omicron is currently the dominant SARS-CoV-2 variant and several sublineages have emerged. Questions remain about the impact of previous SARS-CoV-2 exposure on cross-variant immune responses elicited by BA.2 infection compared to BA.1. Here we show that without previous history of COVID-19, BA.2 infection induces a reduced immune response against all variants of concern (VOC) compared to BA.1 infection. The absence of ACE2 binding in sera of previously naïve BA.1 and BA.2 patients indicates a lack of meaningful neutralization. In contrast, anti-spike antibody levels and neutralizing activity greatly increased in the BA.1 and BA.2 patients with a previous history of COVID-19. Transcriptome analyses of peripheral immune cells showed significant differences in immune response and specific antibody generation between BA.1 and BA.2 patients as well as significant differences in expression of specific immune genes. In summary, prior infection status significantly impacts the innate and adaptive immune response against VOC following BA.2 infection.
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38
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Wong MK, Liu JT, Budylowksi P, Yue FY, Li Z, Rini JM, Carlyle JR, Zia A, Ostrowski M, Martin A. Convergent CDR3 homology amongst Spike-specific antibody responses in convalescent COVID-19 subjects receiving the BNT162b2 vaccine. Clin Immunol 2022; 237:108963. [PMID: 35259543 PMCID: PMC8897198 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2022.108963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Convalescent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) subjects who receive BNT162b2 develop robust antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2. However, our understanding of the clonal B cell response pre- and post-vaccination in such individuals is limited. Here we characterized B cell phenotypes and the BCR repertoire after BNT162b2 immunization in two convalescent COVID-19 subjects. BNT162b2 stimulated many B cell clones that were under-represented during SARS-CoV-2 infection. In addition, the vaccine generated B cell clusters with >65% similarity in CDR3 VH and VL region consensus sequences both within and between subjects. This result suggests that the CDR3 region plays a dominant role adjacent to heavy and light chain V/J pairing in the recognition of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Antigen-specific B cell populations with homology to published SARS-CoV-2 antibody sequences from the CoV-AbDab database were observed in both subjects. These results point towards the development of convergent antibody responses against the virus in different individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew K Wong
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jun T Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patrick Budylowksi
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Feng Yun Yue
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zhijie Li
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - James M Rini
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - James R Carlyle
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amin Zia
- dYcode Bio, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mario Ostrowski
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Toronto; Toronto, ON, Canada; Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Alberto Martin
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Cai H, Hu J, Huang L, Gao C, Xu M, Gao Y, Sun T, Fang X. The Relationship Between Convergent IGH Signatures and Severity of COVID-19 Patients by Next-Generation Sequencing of B-Cell Repertoire. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:833054. [PMID: 35222317 PMCID: PMC8865457 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.833054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Object To reveal convergent IGH signatures and the association with severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. Method A total of 25 COVID-19 inpatients were classified into three clinical conditions: mild, severe, and critical. We analyzed convergent IGH signatures by ImmuHub® B-cell receptor (BCR) profiling system. Results IGH singleton frequency in patients is significantly lower than that of healthy donors (HDs). The clonality index of IGH in patients is significantly higher than that in HDs. Nevertheless, no significant difference was observed among the three groups. The difference in IGH clonality (top five clones) between post- and pretreatment was significant in the improvement and deterioration groups. Three common public motifs were shared by all COVID-19 patients: ARDYGG, RWYFDY, and YYYYGMDV. Conclusion B cells could recognize severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and produce clonal expansion. Patients who had better outcomes after treatment had higher IGH clonality. Three common public motifs—ARDYGG, RWYFDY, and YYYYGMDV—might be used for vaccine development (ChiCTR2000029626).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliu Cai
- Department of Critical Care Units, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Juan Hu
- Department of Critical Care Units, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingtong Huang
- Department of Critical Care Units, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chunhua Gao
- Department of Critical Care Units, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mi Xu
- Department of Critical Care Units, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuzhi Gao
- Department of Critical Care Units, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Zhejiang California International NanoSystems Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xueling Fang
- Department of Critical Care Units, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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40
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Magnetic Enrichment of SARS-CoV-2 Antigen-Binding B Cells for Analysis of Transcriptome and Antibody Repertoire. MAGNETOCHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/magnetochemistry8020023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has had devastating health impacts across the globe. The development of effective diagnostics and therapeutics will depend on the understanding of immune responses to natural infection and vaccination to the causative agent of COVID-19, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). While both B-cell immunity and T-cell immunity are generated in SARS-CoV-2-infected and vaccinated individuals, B-cell-secreted antibodies are known to neutralize SARS-CoV-2 virus and protect from the disease. Although interest in characterizing SARS-CoV-2-reactive B cells is great, the low frequency of antigen-binding B cells in human blood limits in-depth cellular profiling. To overcome this obstacle, we developed a magnetic bead-based approach to enrich SARS-CoV-2-reactive B cells prior to transcriptional and antibody repertoire analysis by single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). Here, we describe isolation of SARS-CoV-2 antigen-binding B cells from two seropositive donors and comparison to nonspecific B cells from a seronegative donor. We demonstrate that SARS-CoV-2 antigen-binding B cells can be distinguished on the basis of transcriptional profile and antibody repertoire. Furthermore, SARS-CoV-2 antigen-binding B cells exhibit a gene expression pattern indicative of antigen experience and memory status. Combining scRNA-seq methods with magnetic enrichment enables the rapid characterization of SARS-CoV-2 antigen-binding B cells.
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Akbar R, Bashour H, Rawat P, Robert PA, Smorodina E, Cotet TS, Flem-Karlsen K, Frank R, Mehta BB, Vu MH, Zengin T, Gutierrez-Marcos J, Lund-Johansen F, Andersen JT, Greiff V. Progress and challenges for the machine learning-based design of fit-for-purpose monoclonal antibodies. MAbs 2022; 14:2008790. [PMID: 35293269 PMCID: PMC8928824 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2021.2008790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the therapeutic efficacy and commercial success of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are tremendous, the design and discovery of new candidates remain a time and cost-intensive endeavor. In this regard, progress in the generation of data describing antigen binding and developability, computational methodology, and artificial intelligence may pave the way for a new era of in silico on-demand immunotherapeutics design and discovery. Here, we argue that the main necessary machine learning (ML) components for an in silico mAb sequence generator are: understanding of the rules of mAb-antigen binding, capacity to modularly combine mAb design parameters, and algorithms for unconstrained parameter-driven in silico mAb sequence synthesis. We review the current progress toward the realization of these necessary components and discuss the challenges that must be overcome to allow the on-demand ML-based discovery and design of fit-for-purpose mAb therapeutic candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahmad Akbar
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Habib Bashour
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Puneet Rawat
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India
| | - Philippe A. Robert
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eva Smorodina
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia
| | | | - Karine Flem-Karlsen
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Robert Frank
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Brij Bhushan Mehta
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mai Ha Vu
- Department of Linguistics and Scandinavian Studies, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Talip Zengin
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Bioinformatics, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Turkey
| | | | | | - Jan Terje Andersen
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Norway
| | - Victor Greiff
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Kealy L, Good-Jacobson KL. Advances in understanding the formation and fate of B-cell memory in response to immunization or infection. OXFORD OPEN IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 2:iqab018. [PMID: 36845573 PMCID: PMC8499879 DOI: 10.1093/oxfimm/iqab018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunological memory has the potential to provide lifelong protection against recurrent infections. As such, it has been crucial to the success of vaccines. Yet, the recent pandemic has illuminated key gaps in our knowledge related to the factors influencing effective memory formation and the inability to predict the longevity of immune protection. In recent decades, researchers have acquired a number of novel and powerful tools with which to study the factors underpinning humoral memory. These tools have been used to study the B-cell fate decisions that occur within the germinal centre (GC), a site where responding B cells undergo affinity maturation and are one of the major routes for memory B cell and high-affinity long-lived plasma cell formation. The advent of single-cell sequencing technology has provided an enhanced resolution for studying fate decisions within the GC and cutting-edge techniques have enabled researchers to model this reaction with more accuracy both in vitro and in silico. Moreover, modern approaches to studying memory B cells have allowed us to gain a better appreciation for the heterogeneity and adaptability of this vital class of B cells. Together, these studies have facilitated important breakthroughs in our understanding of how these systems operate to ensure a successful immune response. In this review, we describe recent advances in the field of GC and memory B-cell biology in order to provide insight into how humoral memory is formed, as well as the potential for generating lasting immunity to novel pathogens such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Kealy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia,Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kim L Good-Jacobson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia,Infection and Immunity Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia,Correspondence address. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Ground floor reception, 23 Innovation Walk (Bldg 77), Clayton, Victoria 3800 Australia. Tel: (+613) 990-29510; E-mail: ; Twitter: @KimLJacobson
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Zhao B, Yang J, He B, Li X, Yan H, Liu S, Yang Y, Zhou D, Liu B, Fan X, Zhong M, Zhang E, Zhang F, Zhang Y, Chen YQ, Jiang S, Yan H. A safe and effective mucosal RSV vaccine in mice consisting of RSV phosphoprotein and flagellin variant. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109401. [PMID: 34289371 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of serious acute lower respiratory tract infection in infants and the elderly. The lack of a licensed RSV vaccine calls for the development of vaccines with other targets and vaccination strategies. Here, we construct a recombinant protein, designated P-KFD1, comprising RSV phosphoprotein (P) and the E.-coli-K12-strain-derived flagellin variant KFD1. Intranasal immunization with P-KFD1 inhibits RSV replication in the upper and lower respiratory tract and protects mice against lung disease without vaccine-enhanced disease (VED). The P-specific CD4+ T cells provoked by P-KFD1 intranasal (i.n.) immunization either reside in or migrate to the respiratory tract and mediate protection against RSV infection. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE)-labeled cell transfer further characterize the Th1 and Th17 responses induced by P-KFD1. Finally, we find that anti-viral protection depends on either interferon-γ (IFN-γ) or interleukin-17A (IL-17A). Collectively, P-KFD1 is a promising safe and effective mucosal vaccine candidate for the prevention of RSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bali Zhao
- Vaccine and Immunology Research Center, Translational Medical Research Institute, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China; Mucosal Immunity Research Group, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jingyi Yang
- Vaccine and Immunology Research Center, Translational Medical Research Institute, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China; Mucosal Immunity Research Group, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Bing He
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Xian Li
- Mucosal Immunity Research Group, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hu Yan
- Mucosal Immunity Research Group, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Shuning Liu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Mucosal Immunity Research Group, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Dihan Zhou
- Mucosal Immunity Research Group, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Bowen Liu
- Mucosal Immunity Research Group, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xuxu Fan
- Mucosal Immunity Research Group, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Maohua Zhong
- Mucosal Immunity Research Group, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; Institute of Infection, Immunology and Tumor Microenvironment, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Ejuan Zhang
- Mucosal Immunity Research Group, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China; Medical Science Research Center, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- The Core Facility and Technical Support, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Mucosal Immunity Research Group, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yao-Qing Chen
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Shibo Jiang
- Vaccine and Immunology Research Center, Translational Medical Research Institute, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China; Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology (MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Huimin Yan
- Vaccine and Immunology Research Center, Translational Medical Research Institute, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China; Mucosal Immunity Research Group, State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
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Raybould MIJ, Rees AR, Deane CM. Current strategies for detecting functional convergence across B-cell receptor repertoires. MAbs 2021; 13:1996732. [PMID: 34781829 PMCID: PMC8604390 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2021.1996732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Convergence across B-cell receptor (BCR) and antibody repertoires has become instrumental in prioritizing candidates in recent rapid therapeutic antibody discovery campaigns. It has also increased our understanding of the immune system, providing evidence for the preferential selection of BCRs to particular (immunodominant) epitopes post vaccination/infection. These important implications for both drug discovery and immunology mean that it is essential to consider the optimal way to combine experimental and computational technology when probing BCR repertoires for convergence signatures. Here, we discuss the theoretical basis for observing BCR repertoire functional convergence and explore factors of study design that can impact functional signal. We also review the computational arsenal available to detect antibodies with similar functional properties, highlighting opportunities enabled by recent clustering algorithms that exploit structural similarities between BCRs. Finally, we suggest future areas of development that should increase the power of BCR repertoire functional clustering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew I. J. Raybould
- Oxford Protein Informatics Group, Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Charlotte M. Deane
- Oxford Protein Informatics Group, Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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