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Liu K, Wang H, Zhu F, Chang Z, Du R, Deng Y, Qi X. Lab on the Microneedles: A Wearable Metal-organic Frameworks-Based Sensor for Visual Monitoring of Stress Hormone. ACS NANO 2024; 18:14207-14217. [PMID: 38767706 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c11729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Abnormal secretion and dysrhythmias of cortisol (CORT) are associated with various diseases such as sleep disorders, depression, and chronic fatigue. Wearable devices are a cutting-edge technology for point-of-care detection and dynamic monitoring of CORT with inspiring convenience. Herein, we developed a minimally invasive skin-worn device with the advanced integration of both interstitial fluid (ISF) sampling and target molecule sensing for simultaneous detection of CORT via a microneedle-based sensor with high sensitivity, excellent efficiency, and outstanding reproducibility. In the microneedle patch, swellable hydrogel was employed as the adsorption matrix for ISF extraction. Meanwhile, europium metal-organic frameworks (Eu-MOF) wrapped in the matrix played a vital role in CORT recognition and quantitative analysis. The wearable and label-free Eu-MOF-loaded microneedle patch exhibited high sensitivity in CORT detection with the detection limit reaching 10-9 M and excellent selectivity. Molecular dynamics simulation-driven mechanism exploration revealed that the strong interface interaction promoted fluorescence quenching of Eu-MOF. Moreover, in vitro and in vivo investigation confirmed the feasibility and reliability of the sensing method, and excellent biocompatibility was validated. Overall, a sensitive approach based on the wearable Eu-MOF microneedle (MN) patch was established for the simultaneous detection of CORT via visible fluorescence quenching with exciting clinical-translational ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Liu
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Hao Wang
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Fengyuan Zhu
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Ziyong Chang
- Civil and Resource Engineering School, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Ran Du
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technologya, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yulin Deng
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Xiaoyue Qi
- School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
- State Key Laboratory of Transducer Technology, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
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Tyra AT, Fergus TA, Ginty AT. Emotion suppression and acute physiological responses to stress in healthy populations: a quantitative review of experimental and correlational investigations. Health Psychol Rev 2024; 18:396-420. [PMID: 37648224 DOI: 10.1080/17437199.2023.2251559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Emotion suppression may be linked to poor health outcomes through elevated stress-related physiology. The current meta-analyses investigate the magnitude of the association between suppression and physiological responses to active psychological stress tasks administered in the laboratory. Relevant articles were identified through Medline, PsychINFO, PubMed, and ProQuest. Studies were eligible if they (a) used a sample of healthy, human subjects; (b) assessed physiology during a resting baseline and active psychological stress task; and (c) measured self-report or experimentally manipulated suppression. Twenty-four studies were identified and grouped within two separate random effects meta-analyses based on study methodology, namely, manipulated suppression (k = 12) and/or self-report (k = 14). Experimentally manipulated suppression was associated with greater physiological stress reactivity compared to controls (Hg = 0.20, 95% CI [0.08, 0.33]), primarily driven by cardiac, hemodynamic, and neuroendocrine parameters. Self-report trait suppression was not associated with overall physiological stress reactivity but was associated with greater neuroendocrine reactivity (r = 0.08, 95% CI [0.01, 0.14]). Significant moderator variables were identified (i.e., type/duration of stress task, nature of control instructions, type of physiology, and gender). This review suggests that suppression may exacerbate stress-induced physiological arousal; however, this may differ based upon the chosen methodological assessment of suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra T Tyra
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Thomas A Fergus
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Annie T Ginty
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
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Chiu DT, Parker JE, Wiley CR, Epel ES, Laraia BA, Leung CW, Tomiyama AJ. Food insecurity, poor diet, and metabolic measures: The roles of stress and cortisol. Appetite 2024; 197:107294. [PMID: 38479471 PMCID: PMC11149909 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Food insecurity is highly prevalent and linked to poorer diet and worse metabolic outcomes. Food insecurity can be stressful, and could elicit chronic psychological and physiological stress. In this study, we tested whether stress could be used to identify those at highest risk for worse diet and metabolic measures from food insecurity. Specifically, we hypothesized that cortisol (a physiological marker of stress) and perceived psychological stress would amplify the link between food insecurity and hyperpalatable food intake as well as metabolic measures. In a sample of 624 Black and White women aged 36-43 who participated in the NHLBI Growth and Health Study's midlife assessment, we assessed associations between food insecurity with hyperpalatable food intake (high fat + high sodium foods; high fat + high sugar foods; and high carbohydrate + high sodium foods), and metabolic measures (fasting glucose, insulin resistance, and waist circumference). We found that food insecurity was associated with higher levels of perceived stress (R2 = 0.09), and greater intake of high fat + high sugar (hyperpalatable) foods (R2 = 0.03). In those with higher cumulative cortisol (as indexed by hair cortisol), food insecurity was associated with higher levels of fasting glucose. Neither cortisol nor perceived stress moderated any other relationships, and neither variable functioned as a mediator in sensitivity analyses. Given these largely null findings, further research is needed to understand the role stress plays in the chronic health burdens of food insecurity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorothy T Chiu
- Osher Center for Integrative Health, University of California, San Francisco, 1545 Divisadero St 4th Floor, San Francisco, CA, 94115, USA.
| | - Jordan E Parker
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, 1285 Psychology Building Box 951563, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Cameron R Wiley
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, 4201 Social & Behavioral Sciences Gateway, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
| | - Elissa S Epel
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, 675 18th Street, #5104, San Francisco, CA, 94107, USA.
| | - Barbara A Laraia
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 2121 Berkeley Way, Room 5302, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
| | - Cindy W Leung
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave, Building 2, 3rd Floor, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - A Janet Tomiyama
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, 1285 Psychology Building Box 951563, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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Soberanes-Chávez P, Trujillo-Barrera J, de Gortari P. Circadian Synchronization of Feeding Attenuates Rats' Food Restriction-Induced Anxiety and Amygdalar Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone Downregulation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5857. [PMID: 38892044 PMCID: PMC11172148 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Anxiety is a common comorbidity of obesity, resulting from prescribing long-term caloric restriction diets (CRDs); patients with a reduced food intake lose weight but present anxious behaviors, poor treatment adherence, and weight regain in the subsequent 5 years. Intermittent fasting (IF) restricts feeding time to 8 h during the activity phase, reducing patients' weight even with no caloric restriction; it is unknown whether an IF regime with ad libitum feeding avoids stress and anxiety development. We compared the corticosterone blood concentration between male Wistar rats fed ad libitum or calorie-restricted with all-day or IF food access after 4 weeks, along with their anxiety parameters when performing the elevated plus maze (EPM). As the amygdalar thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) is believed to have anxiolytic properties, we evaluated its expression changes in association with anxiety levels. The groups formed were the following: a control which was offered food ad libitum (C-adlib) or 30% of C-adlib's energy requirements (C-CRD) all day, and IF groups provided food ad libitum (IF-adlib) or 30% of C-adlib's requirements (IF-CRD) with access from 9:00 to 17:00 h. On day 28, the rats performed the EPM and, after 30 min, were decapitated to analyze their amygdalar TRH mRNA expression by in situ hybridization and corticosterone serum levels. Interestingly, circadian feeding synchronization reduced the body weight, food intake, and animal anxiety levels in both IF groups, with ad libitum (IF-adlib) or restricted (IF-CRD) food access. The anxiety levels of the experimental groups resulted to be negatively associated with TRH expression, which supported its anxiolytic role. Therefore, the low anxiety levels induced by synchronizing feeding with the activity phase would help patients who are dieting to improve their diet therapy adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Soberanes-Chávez
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Molecular, Dirección de Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México 14370, Mexico; (P.S.-C.); (J.T.-B.)
| | - Jariz Trujillo-Barrera
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Molecular, Dirección de Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México 14370, Mexico; (P.S.-C.); (J.T.-B.)
- Escuela de Dietética y Nutrición del ISSSTE, Ciudad de México 14070, Mexico
| | - Patricia de Gortari
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Molecular, Dirección de Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Ciudad de México 14370, Mexico; (P.S.-C.); (J.T.-B.)
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Rodrigues KL, Scaranni PDODS, Pereira ENGDS, da Silva VVD, Silvares RR, de Araujo BP, Castilho C, Schmidt MI, da Fonseca MDJM, Griep RH, Daliry A. Hair cortisol levels are associated with overweight and obesity in the ELSA-Brasil cohort. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1361715. [PMID: 38654925 PMCID: PMC11035765 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1361715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Hair cortisol level has recently been identified as a promising marker for detecting long-term cortisol levels and a marker of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal cortex (HPA) axis activity. However, research on the association between obesity and an altered cortisol metabolism remains controversial. Objective This study aimed to investigate the relationship between hair cortisol levels and overweight and obesity in participants from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). Methods This was a cross-sectional study involving 2,499 participants from the second follow-up (visit 3, 2017-2019) attending research centers in Rio de Janeiro and Rio Grande do Sul states. Hair samples were collected, and cortisol levels were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Cortisol levels were classified as low (< 40 pg/mg), medium (40-128 pg/mg), or high (> 128 pg/mg). The participants were classified as eutrophic, overweight, or obese according to their weight (kg) and height (m2). Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were estimated. Results Of the 2499 individuals, 30% had eutrophic weight, 40% were overweight, and 30% were obese. Notably, cortisol levels gradually increased with increasing body weight. Among participants with high hair cortisol levels, 41.2% were classified as overweight and 34.2% as obese. Multinomial logistic regression analysis indicated that participants with high cortisol levels were 43% (OR =1.43; 95%CI: 1.02-2.03) more likely to be overweight and 72% (OR =1.72; 95%CI:1.20-2.47) more likely to be obese than participants with low hair cortisol levels. After adjustment for all covariates, high cortisol levels remained associated with obesity (OR = 1.54; 95%CI:1.02-2.31) and overweight (OR =1.33; 95%CI:0.91-1.94). Conclusion In the ELSA-Brazil cohort, hair stress were positively associated with overweight and obesity. These results underscore the importance of considering stress and cortisol as potential factors in obesity prevention and intervention efforts, and highlight a novel aspect of the complex relationship between stress and obesity in the Brazilian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Lino Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Physiopathology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Raquel Rangel Silvares
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Physiopathology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Peres de Araujo
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Physiopathology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cristina Castilho
- Department of Public Health, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Maria Inês Schmidt
- Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Rosane Harter Griep
- Laboratory of Environmental and Health Education, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Anissa Daliry
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Physiopathology, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Owens BA, Sabik NJ, Tovar A, Ward-Ritacco CL, Melanson K, Guerrieo Z, Oaks BM. Higher morning cortisol is associated with lower intuitive eating in midlife women. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2024; 162:106958. [PMID: 38218001 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2024.106958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress is associated with negative health outcomes in adults, including increased adiposity. Eating behaviors to cope with stress can have a negative effect on adiposity. There is limited research on positive eating behaviors, such as intuitive eating (IE), and their relationship to stress and adiposity. Thus, this study aimed to examine the association between stress and adiposity and to assess whether IE is a mediator of that pathway. METHODS Data were analyzed from a cross-sectional study of 114 women between 40-64 years of age. Participants completed in-person visits and self-reported questionnaires, including the Intuitive Eating Scale and Perceived Stress Scale. Adiposity was assessed using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Measurements included total body fat percentage and android/gynoid (AG) ratio as a measure of abdominal adiposity. Participants provided ten salivary cortisol samples over two days, collected upon waking, 30-, 45-, and 60-minutes after waking, and prior to bed. Several methods were used to characterize cortisol secretion and exposure, including the diurnal cortisol slope and the cortisol area under the curve with respect to ground (AUCg). Linear regression was used to assess the associations between perceived stress and IE and between features of diurnal cortisol and IE. Mediation models were tested to examine the indirect effects of IE on the relationship between perceived stress and adiposity and to test the indirect effects of IE on the relationship between cortisol measures and adiposity. RESULTS Linear regression analyses indicated that higher cortisol AUCg was associated with lower scores on the eating for physical reasons subscale (β: -0.01, p = 0.008). After adjusting for covariates, neither higher perceived stress nor diurnal cortisol were associated with intuitive eating. There was no evidence of mediation of the association of stress on adiposity through IE. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate a relationship between higher overall morning cortisol and lower scores on the eating for physical reasons subscale of the Intuitive Eating Scale. Future research should seek to understand how intuitive eating may be used as a technique for individuals who engage in emotional eating to cope with stress, and to prevent excess adiposity resulting from stress in midlife women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget A Owens
- Department of Nutrition, University of Rhode Island, Fogarty Hall, 41 Lower College Road, Kingston, RI 02881, USA; Military Nutrition Division, US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA 01760, USA.
| | - Natalie J Sabik
- Department of Health Studies, University of Rhode Island, Independence Square, 25 West Independence Way, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Alison Tovar
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Center for Health Promotion and Health Equity, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Christie L Ward-Ritacco
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Rhode Island, Independence Square, 25 West Independence Way, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Kathleen Melanson
- Department of Nutrition, University of Rhode Island, Fogarty Hall, 41 Lower College Road, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Zachary Guerrieo
- Department of Nutrition, University of Rhode Island, Fogarty Hall, 41 Lower College Road, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Brietta M Oaks
- Department of Nutrition, University of Rhode Island, Fogarty Hall, 41 Lower College Road, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
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Lin Y, Li J, Gu Y, Jin L, Bai J, Zhang J, Wang Y, Liu P, Long K, He M, Li D, Liu C, Han Z, Zhang Y, Li X, Zeng B, Lu L, Kong F, Sun Y, Fan Y, Wang X, Wang T, Jiang A, Ma J, Shen L, Zhu L, Jiang Y, Tang G, Fan X, Liu Q, Li H, Wang J, Chen L, Ge L, Li X, Tang Q, Li M. Haplotype-resolved 3D chromatin architecture of the hybrid pig. Genome Res 2024; 34:310-325. [PMID: 38479837 PMCID: PMC10984390 DOI: 10.1101/gr.278101.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
In diploid mammals, allele-specific three-dimensional (3D) genome architecture may lead to imbalanced gene expression. Through ultradeep in situ Hi-C sequencing of three representative somatic tissues (liver, skeletal muscle, and brain) from hybrid pigs generated by reciprocal crosses of phenotypically and physiologically divergent Berkshire and Tibetan pigs, we uncover extensive chromatin reorganization between homologous chromosomes across multiple scales. Haplotype-based interrogation of multi-omic data revealed the tissue dependence of 3D chromatin conformation, suggesting that parent-of-origin-specific conformation may drive gene imprinting. We quantify the effects of genetic variations and histone modifications on allelic differences of long-range promoter-enhancer contacts, which likely contribute to the phenotypic differences between the parental pig breeds. We also observe the fine structure of somatically paired homologous chromosomes in the pig genome, which has a functional implication genome-wide. This work illustrates how allele-specific chromatin architecture facilitates concomitant shifts in allele-biased gene expression, as well as the possible consequential phenotypic changes in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China;
| | - Yiren Gu
- College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Animal Science Academy, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Long Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jingyi Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jiaman Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yujie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Pengliang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Keren Long
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Mengnan He
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Diyan Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Can Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ziyin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaokai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Bo Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Fanli Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ying Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
- Institute of Geriatric Health, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Yongliang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Tao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - An'an Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Jideng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Linyuan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Li Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yanzhi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Guoqing Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiaolan Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qingyou Liu
- Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding Key Laboratory of Guangdong Province, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Hua Li
- Animal Molecular Design and Precise Breeding Key Laboratory of Guangdong Province, School of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Jinyong Wang
- Pig Industry Sciences Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing 402460, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Li Chen
- Pig Industry Sciences Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing 402460, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Liangpeng Ge
- Pig Industry Sciences Key Laboratory of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences, Chongqing 402460, China
- National Center of Technology Innovation for Pigs, Chongqing 402460, China
| | - Xuewei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Qianzi Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China;
| | - Mingzhou Li
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China;
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8
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Degroote C, Renner B, Wickl J, Leven A, Wirtz PH. Eating After Acute Psychosocial Stress in Healthy Men and Women: Sex Differences and Endocrine Mechanisms. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024; 109:e543-e551. [PMID: 37776311 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Overweight and obesity have become a major health burden with a higher prevalence of obesity in women than in men. Mental stress has been discussed to play a role in this context. OBJECTIVE We investigated endocrine mechanisms underlying eating after acute psychosocial stress and potential sex differences therein. METHODS A total of 32 male and 31 female healthy participants underwent the Trier Social Stress Test before they tasted ice cream in a bogus taste test 15 minutes after stress. We repeatedly assessed the stress hormone cortisol and the satiety hormone cholecystokinin (CCK) in saliva as well as perceived hunger before and up to 1 hour after stress. RESULTS Lower immediate total cortisol stress reactivity predicted higher hunger (Ps ≤ .004), but was not associated with food intake (Ps ≥ .90) or total CCK release (Ps ≥ .84). As compared to men, women ate less after stress (Ps < .001) and had consistently lower levels of hunger (Ps ≤ .024) and cortisol (Ps ≤ .008) as well as a lower immediate total cortisol stress reactivity (Ps = .002). Further, they differed in the kinetics of CCK over the total experimental procedure (Ps ≤ .011), in immediate reaction to stress (Ps ≤ .038), and after eating (Ps ≤ .072), with women's CCK levels continuously decreasing while men's CCK levels were reactive. CONCLUSION We found evidence for lower immediate total cortisol stress reactivity relating to higher perceived hunger, with lower cortisol levels in women. Unlike in men, CCK levels in women were not reactive to acute stress and eating and decreased continuously. Our results may suggest a higher risk for stress-induced eating in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathy Degroote
- Biological Work and Health Psychology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Britta Renner
- Psychological Assessment and Health Psychology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Julia Wickl
- Biological Work and Health Psychology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Anika Leven
- Biological Work and Health Psychology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Petra H Wirtz
- Biological Work and Health Psychology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
- Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
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9
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Xiao X, Kennelly JP, Feng AC, Cheng L, Romartinez-Alonso B, Bedard A, Gao Y, Cui L, Young SG, Schwabe JW, Tontonoz P. Aster-B-dependent estradiol synthesis protects female mice from diet-induced obesity. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e173002. [PMID: 38175723 PMCID: PMC10866650 DOI: 10.1172/jci173002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Aster proteins mediate the nonvesicular transport of cholesterol from the plasma membrane (PM) to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). However, the importance of nonvesicular sterol movement for physiology and pathophysiology in various tissues is incompletely understood. Here we show that loss of Aster-B leads to diet-induced obesity in female but not in male mice, and that this sex difference is abolished by ovariectomy. We further demonstrate that Aster-B deficiency impairs nonvesicular cholesterol transport from the PM to the ER in ovaries in vivo, leading to hypogonadism and reduced estradiol synthesis. Female Aster-B-deficient mice exhibit reduced locomotor activity and energy expenditure, consistent with established effects of estrogens on systemic metabolism. Administration of exogenous estradiol ameliorates the diet-induced obesity phenotype of Aster-B-deficient female mice. These findings highlight the key role of Aster-B-dependent nonvesicular cholesterol transport in regulating estradiol production and protecting females from obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Xiao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
- Department of Biological Chemistry
| | - John P. Kennelly
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
- Department of Biological Chemistry
| | - An-Chieh Feng
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Lijing Cheng
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Beatriz Romartinez-Alonso
- Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Bedard
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
- Department of Biological Chemistry
| | - Yajing Gao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
- Department of Biological Chemistry
| | - Liujuan Cui
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
- Department of Biological Chemistry
| | - Stephen G. Young
- Department of Medicine and Human Genetics, UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - John W.R. Schwabe
- Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Tontonoz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
- Department of Biological Chemistry
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10
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Volqvartz T, Andersen HHB, Pedersen LH, Larsen A. Obesity in pregnancy-Long-term effects on offspring hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and associations with placental cortisol metabolism: A systematic review. Eur J Neurosci 2023; 58:4393-4422. [PMID: 37974556 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Obesity, affecting one in three pregnant women worldwide, is not only a major obstetric risk factor. The resulting low-grade inflammation may have a long-term impact on the offspring's HPA axis through dysregulation of maternal, placental and fetal corticosteroid metabolism, and children born of obese mothers have increased risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The long-term effects of maternal obesity on offspring neurodevelopment are, however, undetermined and could depend on the specific effects on placental and fetal cortisol metabolism. This systematic review evaluates how maternal obesity affects placental cortisol metabolism and the offspring's HPA axis. Pubmed, Embase and Scopus were searched for original studies on maternal BMI, obesity, and cortisol metabolism and transfer. Fifteen studies were included after the screening of 4556 identified records. Studies were small with heterogeneous exposures and outcomes. Two studies found that maternal obesity reduced placental HSD11β2 activity. In one study, umbilical cord blood cortisol levels were affected by maternal BMI. In three studies, an altered cortisol response was consistently seen among offspring in childhood (n = 2) or adulthood (n = 1). Maternal BMI was not associated with placental HSD11β1 or HSD11β2 mRNA expression, or placental HSD11β2 methylation. In conclusion, high maternal BMI is associated with reduced placental HSD11β2 activity and a dampened cortisol level among offspring, but the data is sparse. Further investigations are needed to clarify whether the HPA axis is affected by prenatal factors including maternal obesity and investigate if adverse effects can be ameliorated by optimising the intrauterine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabia Volqvartz
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Lars Henning Pedersen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Agnete Larsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Pharmacology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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11
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Kühnel A, Hagenberg J, Knauer-Arloth J, Ködel M, Czisch M, Sämann PG, Binder EB, Kroemer NB. Stress-induced brain responses are associated with BMI in women. Commun Biol 2023; 6:1031. [PMID: 37821711 PMCID: PMC10567923 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05396-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Overweight and obesity are associated with altered stress reactivity and increased inflammation. However, it is not known whether stress-induced changes in brain function scale with BMI and if such associations are driven by peripheral cytokines. Here, we investigate multimodal stress responses in a large transdiagnostic sample using predictive modeling based on spatio-temporal profiles of stress-induced changes in activation and functional connectivity. BMI is associated with increased brain responses as well as greater negative affect after stress and individual response profiles are associated with BMI in females (pperm < 0.001), but not males. Although stress-induced changes reflecting BMI are associated with baseline cortisol, there is no robust association with peripheral cytokines. To conclude, alterations in body weight and energy metabolism might scale acute brain responses to stress more strongly in females compared to males, echoing observational studies. Our findings highlight sex-dependent associations of stress with differences in endocrine markers, largely independent of peripheral inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Kühnel
- Section of Medical Psychology, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.
- International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry (IMPRS-TP), Munich, Germany.
| | - Jonas Hagenberg
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry (IMPRS-TP), Munich, Germany
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Janine Knauer-Arloth
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Maik Ködel
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Elisabeth B Binder
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.
- German Center for Mental Health, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Nils B Kroemer
- Section of Medical Psychology, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Mental Health, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tübingen Center for Mental Health (TüCMH), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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12
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Skolmowska D, Głąbska D, Guzek D. Stress during the COVID-19 Pandemic and Emotional Eating Scale Adapted for Children and Adolescents (EES-C) Results in Girls: Polish Adolescents' COVID-19 Experience (PLACE-19) Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:4197. [PMID: 37836481 PMCID: PMC10574204 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress related to the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic may have caused substantial changes in eating behaviors, and may have been associated with emotional eating, especially in female individuals. The aim of the present study was to analyze the association between stress perceived during the COVID-19 pandemic and emotional eating in girls, within the third phase of the Polish Adolescents' COVID-19 Experience (PLACE-19) Study. A nationwide sample of 818 Polish female adolescents, aged 15-20, was gathered. The adolescents were recruited to the study based on a random quota sampling procedure. Using a computer-assisted web interview (CAWI) survey, participants filled out the Emotional Eating Scale Adapted for Children and Adolescents (EES-C) to assess the urge to cope with negative emotions by eating, and the Adolescent Stress Questionnaire (ASQ) to assess perceived stress. Additionally, the data concerning body mass, height, as well as body mass change during the COVID-19 pandemic were verified. The groups most susceptible to emotional eating were excessive body mass female adolescents, those who gained weight during the COVID-19 pandemic and those experiencing high stress levels while facing negative emotions. In order to plan effective therapeutic interventions dealing with the issue of emotional eating, both psychological therapy and dietary strategy tailored to the individual should be considered for the indicated susceptible groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Skolmowska
- Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Dominika Głąbska
- Department of Dietetics, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Dominika Guzek
- Department of Food Market and Consumer Research, Institute of Human Nutrition Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
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13
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Petrowski K, Schmalbach B, Linhardt M, Mekschrat L, Rohleder N. The inflammatory immune system after wake up in healthy male individuals: A highly standardized and controlled study. Brain Behav Immun Health 2022; 25:100504. [PMID: 36093437 PMCID: PMC9450065 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2022.100504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the effects of two light conditions on innate proinflammatory IL-6 cytokines and the cortisol awakening response. The between-subject experiment was conducted with 55 healthy adult-males (aged Mbright = 24.40, SD = 4.58; Mdim = 25.47, SD = 4.96) in a standardized sleep laboratory setting with 60-min light exposure post-awakening. Cortisol significantly increased with bright light exposure as compared to dim light (significant interaction effect). As for IL-6, the main effects of time and light condition were significant, however, the interaction effect between light and time was insignificant. Results replicate stimulatory effects of bright light on cortisol. In general, IL-6 concentrations decreased in both light conditions; however, bright light graphically showed higher concentrations 45–90 min after exposure in comparison to dim light, thus bright light has a potential stimulatory effect on IL-6 production.
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14
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Factors of Obesity and Metabolically Healthy Obesity in Asia. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58091271. [PMID: 36143948 PMCID: PMC9500686 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58091271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The East Asian region (China, Japan, and South Korea) is comprised of almost 1.5 billion people and recent industrialization has brought with it a pandemic of rising obesity, even in children. As these countries are rapidly aging and functioning at sub-replacement birthrates, the burgeoning costs of obesity-related care may threaten socialized healthcare systems and quality of life. However, a condition called metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) has been found to be without immediate cardiopulmonary or diabetic risk. Thus, maintenance of the MHO condition for the obese in East Asia could buffer the burden of long-term obesity care on medical systems and knowledge of the biochemical, genetic, and physiological milieu associated with it could also provide new targets for intervention. Diverse physiological, psychological, environmental, and social factors play a role in obesogenesis and the transition of MHO to a metabolically unhealthy obesity. This review will give a broad survey of the various causes of obesity and MHO, with special emphasis on the East Asian population and studies from that region.
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15
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Chacko TP, Toole JT, Richman S, Spink GL, Reinhard MJ, Brewster RC, Costanzo ME, Broderick G. Mapping the network biology of metabolic response to stress in posttraumatic stress disorder and obesity. Front Psychol 2022; 13:941019. [PMID: 35959009 PMCID: PMC9362840 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.941019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The co-occurrence of stress-induced posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and obesity is common, particularly among military personnel but the link between these conditions is unclear. Individuals with comorbid PTSD and obesity manifest other physical and psychological problems, which significantly diminish their quality of life. Current understanding of the pathways connecting stress to PTSD and obesity is focused largely on behavioral mediators alone with little consideration of the biological regulatory mechanisms that underlie their co-occurrence. In this work, we leverage prior knowledge to systematically highlight such bio-behavioral mechanisms and inform on the design of confirmatory pilot studies. We use natural language processing (NLP) to extract documented regulatory interactions involved in the metabolic response to stress and its impact on obesity and PTSD from over 8 million peer-reviewed papers. The resulting network describes the propagation of stress to PTSD and obesity through 34 metabolic mediators using 302 documented regulatory interactions supported by over 10,000 citations. Stress jointly affected both conditions through 21 distinct pathways involving only two intermediate metabolic mediators out of a total of 76 available paths through this network. Moreover, oxytocin (OXT), Neuropeptide-Y (NPY), and cortisol supported an almost direct propagation of stress to PTSD and obesity with different net effects. Although stress upregulated both NPY and cortisol, the downstream effects of both markers are reported to relieve PTSD severity but exacerbate obesity. The stress-mediated release of oxytocin, however, was found to concurrently downregulate the severity of both conditions. These findings highlight how a network-informed approach that leverages prior knowledge might be used effectively in identifying key mediators like OXT though experimental verification of signal transmission dynamics through each path will be needed to determine the actual likelihood and extent of each marker’s participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P. Chacko
- Center for Clinical Systems Biology, Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, NY, United States
- Institute of Health Sciences and Technology, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - J. Tory Toole
- Center for Clinical Systems Biology, Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, NY, United States
- Institute of Health Sciences and Technology, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Spencer Richman
- Center for Clinical Systems Biology, Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Garry L. Spink
- Rochester Regional Behavioral Health, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Matthew J. Reinhard
- War Related Illness and Injury Study Center, United States Department of Veterans Affairs, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Ryan C. Brewster
- War Related Illness and Injury Study Center, United States Department of Veterans Affairs, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Michelle E. Costanzo
- War Related Illness and Injury Study Center, United States Department of Veterans Affairs, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Gordon Broderick
- Center for Clinical Systems Biology, Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Gordon Broderick,
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16
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Witek K, Wydra K, Filip M. A High-Sugar Diet Consumption, Metabolism and Health Impacts with a Focus on the Development of Substance Use Disorder: A Narrative Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142940. [PMID: 35889898 PMCID: PMC9323357 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbohydrates are important macronutrients in human and rodent diet patterns that play a key role in crucial metabolic pathways and provide the necessary energy for proper body functioning. Sugar homeostasis and intake require complex hormonal and nervous control to proper body energy balance. Added sugar in processed food results in metabolic, cardiovascular, and nervous disorders. Epidemiological reports have shown enhanced consumption of sweet products in children and adults, especially in reproductive age and in pregnant women, which can lead to the susceptibility of offspring’s health to diseases in early life or in adulthood and proneness to mental disorders. In this review, we discuss the impacts of high-sugar diet (HSD) or sugar intake during the perinatal and/or postnatal periods on neural and behavioural disturbances as well as on the development of substance use disorder (SUD). Since several emotional behavioural disturbances are recognized as predictors of SUD, we also present how HSD enhances impulsive behaviour, stress, anxiety and depression. Apart from the influence of HSD on these mood disturbances, added sugar can render food addiction. Both food and addictive substances change the sensitivity of the brain rewarding neurotransmission signalling. The results of the collected studies could be important in assessing sugar intake, especially via maternal dietary patterns, from the clinical perspective of SUD prevention or pre-existing emotional disorders. Methodology: This narrative review focuses on the roles of a high-sugar diet (HSD) and added sugar in foods and on the impacts of glucose and fructose on the development of substance use disorder (SUD) and on the behavioural predictors of drugs abuse. The literature was reviewed by two authors independently according to the topic of the review. We searched the PubMed and Scopus databases and Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute open access scientific journals using the following keyword search strategy depending on the theme of the chapter: “high-sugar diet” OR “high-carbohydrate diet” OR “sugar” OR “glucose” OR “fructose” OR “added sugar” AND keywords. We excluded inaccessible or pay-walled articles, abstracts, conference papers, editorials, letters, commentary, and short notes. Reviews, experimental studies, and epidemiological data, published since 1990s, were searched and collected depending on the chapter structure. After the search, all duplicates are thrown out and full texts were read, and findings were rescreened. After the selection process, appropriate papers were included to present in this review.
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17
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Merabet N, Lucassen PJ, Crielaard L, Stronks K, Quax R, Sloot PMA, la Fleur SE, Nicolaou M. How exposure to chronic stress contributes to the development of type 2 diabetes: A complexity science approach. Front Neuroendocrinol 2022; 65:100972. [PMID: 34929260 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2021.100972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Chronic stress contributes to the onset of type 2 diabetes (T2D), yet the underlying etiological mechanisms are not fully understood. Responses to stress are influenced by earlier experiences, sex, emotions and cognition, and involve a complex network of neurotransmitters and hormones, that affect multiple biological systems. In addition, the systems activated by stress can be altered by behavioral, metabolic and environmental factors. The impact of stress on metabolic health can thus be considered an emergent process, involving different types of interactions between multiple variables, that are driven by non-linear dynamics at different spatiotemporal scales. To obtain a more comprehensive picture of the links between chronic stress and T2D, we followed a complexity science approach to build a causal loop diagram (CLD) connecting the various mediators and processes involved in stress responses relevant for T2D pathogenesis. This CLD could help develop novel computational models and formulate new hypotheses regarding disease etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadège Merabet
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Institute for Advanced Study, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1012 GC, the Netherlands; Centre for Urban Mental Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1012 GC, the Netherlands
| | - Paul J Lucassen
- Centre for Urban Mental Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1012 GC, the Netherlands; Brain Plasticity Group, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1098 XH, the Netherlands
| | - Loes Crielaard
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Institute for Advanced Study, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1012 GC, the Netherlands
| | - Karien Stronks
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Institute for Advanced Study, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1012 GC, the Netherlands; Centre for Urban Mental Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1012 GC, the Netherlands
| | - Rick Quax
- Institute for Advanced Study, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1012 GC, the Netherlands; Computational Science Lab, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1098 XH, the Netherlands
| | - Peter M A Sloot
- Institute for Advanced Study, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1012 GC, the Netherlands; Centre for Urban Mental Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1012 GC, the Netherlands; Computational Science Lab, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1098 XH, the Netherlands; National Centre of Cognitive Research, ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Susanne E la Fleur
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism & Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Metabolism and Reward Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, an Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Meibergdreef 47, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Mary Nicolaou
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Institute for Advanced Study, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1012 GC, the Netherlands; Centre for Urban Mental Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1012 GC, the Netherlands.
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18
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Herhaus B, Bastianon C, Ghassabei S, Petrowski K. Fight or flight: The effect of heart rate reactivity on acute stress-induced food intake. Physiol Behav 2022; 246:113704. [PMID: 35032496 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The 'fight-or-flight-reaction' describes the suppression of all irrelevant functions like food intake during the acute stress response. However, heart rate reactivity and food intake under acute stress has not been investigated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of high and low heart rate reactivity on food intake following an acute laboratory stress paradigm in individuals with healthy weight. Fifty-six men and women with healthy weight (BMI: M = 21.82 ± 1.53 kg/m²) were categorized into high heart rate reactors (H-HRR) and low heart rate reactors (L-HRR). After the stress paradigm of the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), total energy intake was measured in a standardized laboratory meal. H-HRR demonstrated a significantly lower appetite (z = -3.133, p≤ 0.01) and food intake (t(49.13) = 2.253, p≤ 0.05, d= 0.68) after the TSST compared to the L-HRR. No differences in the stress perception and cognitive appraisal could be found between the two reactor groups. These results suggest that the stress-induced heart rate reactivity might be a responsible factor in the stress-eating paradox. In view of the divergent results of stress-induced eating studies in laboratory setting with acute stressors, it is highly important to control the effect of the heart rate reactivity on food intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedict Herhaus
- Medical Psychology & Medical Sociology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Christina Bastianon
- Medical Psychology & Medical Sociology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Shiwa Ghassabei
- Medical Psychology & Medical Sociology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Katja Petrowski
- Medical Psychology & Medical Sociology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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19
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Chang RS, Cerit H, Hye T, Durham EL, Aizley H, Boukezzi S, Haimovici F, Goldstein JM, Dillon DG, Pizzagalli DA, Holsen LM. Stress-induced alterations in HPA-axis reactivity and mesolimbic reward activation in individuals with emotional eating. Appetite 2022; 168:105707. [PMID: 34562531 PMCID: PMC8671188 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emotional eating has emerged as a contributing factor to overeating, potentially leading to obesity or disordered eating behaviors. However, the underlying biological mechanisms related to emotional eating remain unclear. The present study examined emotional, hormonal, and neural alterations elicited by an acute laboratory stressor in individuals with and without emotional eating. METHODS Emotional (n = 13) and non-emotional eaters (n = 15) completed two main study visits, one week apart: one visit included a Stress version and the other a No-stress version of the Maastricht Acute Stress Task (MAST). Immediately pre- and post-MAST, blood was drawn for serum cortisol and participants rated their anxiety level. After the MAST, participants completed a Food Incentive Delay (FID) task during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), followed by an ad libitum snack period. RESULTS Emotional eaters exhibited elevated anxiety (p = 0.037) and cortisol (p = 0.001) in response to the Stress MAST. There were no changes in anxiety or cortisol among non-emotional eaters in response to the Stress MAST or in either group in response to the No-stress MAST. In response to the Stress MAST, emotional eaters exhibited reduced activation during anticipation of food reward in mesolimbic reward regions (caudate: p = 0.014, nucleus accumbens: p = 0.022, putamen: p = 0.013), compared to non-emotional eaters. Groups did not differ in snack consumption. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate disrupted neuroendocrine and neural responsivity to psychosocial stress amongst otherwise-healthy emotional eaters, who demonstrated hyperactive HPA-axis response coupled with hypoactivation in reward circuitry. Differential responsivity to stress may represent a risk factor in the development of maladaptive eating behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose Seoyoung Chang
- Division of Women’s Health, Department of Medicine, 75 Francis St., Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
| | - Hilâl Cerit
- Division of Women’s Health, Department of Medicine, 75 Francis St., Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA,Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St., Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
| | - Taryn Hye
- Division of Women’s Health, Department of Medicine, 75 Francis St., Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
| | - E. Leighton Durham
- Division of Women’s Health, Department of Medicine, 75 Francis St., Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
| | - Harlyn Aizley
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St., Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Sarah Boukezzi
- Division of Women’s Health, Department of Medicine, 75 Francis St., Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA,Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St., Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
| | - Florina Haimovici
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 75 Francis St., Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA,Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St., Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
| | - Jill M. Goldstein
- Division of Women’s Health, Department of Medicine, 75 Francis St., Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA,Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St., Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St., Boston, MA, 02114, USA,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St., Boston, MA, 02114, USA,Innovation Center on Sex Differences in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St., Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Daniel G. Dillon
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St., Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA,Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill St., Belmont, Massachusetts, 02478, USA
| | - Diego A. Pizzagalli
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St., Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA,Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill St., Belmont, Massachusetts, 02478, USA,McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill St., Belmont, Massachusetts, 02478, USA
| | - Laura M. Holsen
- Division of Women’s Health, Department of Medicine, 75 Francis St., Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 75 Francis St., Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA,Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St., Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, USA,Innovation Center on Sex Differences in Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit St., Boston, MA, 02114, USA,Corresponding author: Laura Holsen, Ph.D., Division of Women’s Health, 1620 Tremont St., BC-3, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02120,
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20
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Uçar C, Bülbül M, Yıldız S. Cesarean delivery is associated with suppressed activities of the stress axes. Stress 2022; 25:67-73. [PMID: 34931594 DOI: 10.1080/10253890.2021.2015318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal pre- and post-delivery stress levels might be different for vaginal or cesarean deliveries. This study aimed to investigate the effects of type of delivery (vaginal or cesarean) and time of delivery (pre- and post-delivery) on the stress axes of the body, namely the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis (HPA) and autonomic nervous system (ANS).Ninety-one pregnant women were volunteered to participate this prospective study. In these women, pre- and post-delivery HPA and ANS activities were measured noninvasively by salivary cortisol and heart rate variability (HRV), respectively. HRV was measured by 5-min electrocardiogram recording and time- and frequency-domain parameters were computed.Salivary cortisol concentration and HRV parameters were higher in women having vaginal delivery than those having cesarean delivery (p < 0.05). Cortisol levels did not differ between pre- and post-delivery (p > 0.05) but the time-domain parameters of HRV decreased post-delivery (p < 0.05). No interactions were observed between the types and times of delivery (p > 0.05).HPA and ANS axes had different activity patterns throughout the delivery process and they were higher during vaginal delivery, suggesting that they are integral parts of normal birth process and that cesarean delivery perturbs the activity of both axes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cihat Uçar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Adıyaman, Adıyaman, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Bülbül
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Adiyaman, Adiyaman, Turkey
| | - Sedat Yıldız
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Inonu, Malatya, Turkey
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21
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Stress Responsiveness and Emotional Eating Depend on Youngsters' Chronic Stress Level and Overweight. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103654. [PMID: 34684656 PMCID: PMC8540677 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The persistent coexistence of stress and paediatric obesity involves interrelated psychophysiological mechanisms, which are believed to function as a vicious circle. Here, a key mechanistic role is assumed for stress responsiveness and eating behaviour. After a stress induction by the Trier Social Stress Test in youngsters (n = 137, 50.4% boys, 6–18 years), specifically those high in chronic stress level and overweight (partial η2 = 0.03–0.07) exhibited increased stress vulnerability (stronger relative salivary cortisol reactivity and weaker happiness recovery) and higher fat/sweet snack intake, compared to the normal-weight and low-stress reference group. Stress responsiveness seems to stimulate unhealthy and emotional eating, i.e., strong cortisol reactivity was linked to higher fat/sweet snack intake (β = 0.22) and weak autonomic system recovery was linked to high total and fat/sweet snack intake (β = 0.2–0.3). Additionally, stress responsiveness acted as a moderator. As a result, stress responsiveness and emotional eating might be targets to prevent stress-induced overweight.
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22
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Gotca I, Druica A, Timofte DV, Preda C, Anton-Paduraru DT, Ghiciuc CM, Ungureanu MC, Leustean L, Mocanu V. Cortisol Reactivity to a Digital Version of Trier Social Stress Test and Eating Behavior in Non-Overweight and Overweight Adolescents: A Pilot Study. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/app11209683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: In the present pilot study, we examined the response of cortisol to a digital version of the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) and corresponding eating preferences in non-overweight and overweight adolescents. (2) Methods: The experimental study group included 35 adolescents aged 15.7 ± 0.5 years (16 boys and 19 girls). The participants were split into two groups: non-overweight (N = 24) and overweight (N = 11), according to the Body Mass Index (BMI). We induced acute stress in all participants, using a digital version of the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), with three different digital tasks. We measured salivary cortisol before the test (T0), during the stress induction by digital tasks (T5, T10, T15), and 25 min after the stress test (T40). The Health Behavior in School-Aged Children Questionnaire (HBSC) was administered to assess the influence of stress on eating behavior: the consumption of fruit, vegetables, sweets, and soft drinks and the frequency of snacks. (3) Results: Among the entire group of adolescents, we observed a significant difference between the sexes in terms of cortisol response, girls being predominantly hyperreactive (13 girls compared to 5 boys, p = 0.03). In overweight adolescents, the cortisol reactivity was lower in boys and higher in girls (p = 0.05). The overweight hyperreactive adolescents, as compared to the hyporeactive ones, had a higher frequency of daily consumption of sweets (25% vs. 0%) and soft drink (25% vs. 0). (4) Conclusions: The individual patterns of cortisol reactivity to laboratory-induced stress could be associated with an increased risk of unhealthy eating behavior in adolescents.
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23
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Cortisol Reactivity to a Digital Version of Trier Social Stress Test and Eating Behavior in Non-Overweight and Overweight Adolescents: A Pilot Study. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11209683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: In the present pilot study, we examined the response of cortisol to a digital version of the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) and corresponding eating preferences in non-overweight and overweight adolescents. (2) Methods: The experimental study group included 35 adolescents aged 15.7 ± 0.5 years (16 boys and 19 girls). The participants were split into two groups: non-overweight (N = 24) and overweight (N = 11), according to the Body Mass Index (BMI). We induced acute stress in all participants, using a digital version of the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST), with three different digital tasks. We measured salivary cortisol before the test (T0), during the stress induction by digital tasks (T5, T10, T15), and 25 min after the stress test (T40). The Health Behavior in School-Aged Children Questionnaire (HBSC) was administered to assess the influence of stress on eating behavior: the consumption of fruit, vegetables, sweets, and soft drinks and the frequency of snacks. (3) Results: Among the entire group of adolescents, we observed a significant difference between the sexes in terms of cortisol response, girls being predominantly hyperreactive (13 girls compared to 5 boys, p = 0.03). In overweight adolescents, the cortisol reactivity was lower in boys and higher in girls (p = 0.05). The overweight hyperreactive adolescents, as compared to the hyporeactive ones, had a higher frequency of daily consumption of sweets (25% vs. 0%) and soft drink (25% vs. 0). (4) Conclusions: The individual patterns of cortisol reactivity to laboratory-induced stress could be associated with an increased risk of unhealthy eating behavior in adolescents.
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24
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Marques CG, Dos Santos Quaresma MVL, Nakamoto FP, Magalhães ACO, Lucin GA, Thomatieli-Santos RV. Does Modern Lifestyle Favor Neuroimmunometabolic Changes? A Path to Obesity. Front Nutr 2021; 8:705545. [PMID: 34621773 PMCID: PMC8490681 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.705545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Factors linked to modern lifestyles, such as physical inactivity, Western diet, and poor sleep quality have been identified as key contributors to the positive energy balance (PEB). PEB rises adipose tissue hypertrophy and dysfunction over the years, affecting cells and tissues that are metabolically critical for energy homeostasis regulation, especially skeletal muscle, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and gut microbiota. It is known that the interaction among lifestyle factors and tissue metabolic dysfunction increases low-grade chronic systemic inflammation, leading to insulin resistance and other adverse metabolic disorders. Although immunometabolic mechanisms are widely discussed in obesity, neuroimmunoendocrine pathways have gained notoriety, as a link to neuroinflammation and central nervous system disorders. Hypothalamic inflammation has been associated with food intake dysregulation, which comprises homeostatic and non-homeostatic mechanisms, promoting eating behavior changes related to the obesity prevalence. The purpose of this review is to provide an updated and integrated perspective on the effects of Western diet, sleep debt, and physical exercise on the regulation of energy homeostasis and low-grade chronic systemic inflammation. Subsequently, we discuss the intersection between systemic inflammation and neuroinflammation and how it can contribute to energy imbalance, favoring obesity. Finally, we propose a model of interactions between systemic inflammation and neuroinflammation, providing new insights into preventive and therapeutic targets for obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Guazzelli Marques
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Psicobiologia, Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ana Carolina Oumatu Magalhães
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Psicobiologia, Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Departamento de Nutrição, Centro Universitário São Camilo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ronaldo Vagner Thomatieli-Santos
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Psicobiologia, Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Departamento de Biociências, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, Brazil
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25
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The Role of Very Low Calorie Ketogenic Diet in Sympathetic Activation through Cortisol Secretion in Male Obese Population. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10184230. [PMID: 34575351 PMCID: PMC8470486 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10184230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is considered an endocrine organ, and its excess compromises the immune response and metabolism of hormones and nutrients. Furthermore, the accumulation of visceral fat helps to increase the synthesis of cortisol. The hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is a neuroendocrine system involved in maintaining homeostasis in humans under physiological conditions and stress, and cortisol is the main hormone of the HPA axis. It is known that a stress-induced diet and cortisol reactivity to acute stress factors may be related to dietary behavior. In obesity, to reduce visceral adipose tissue, caloric restriction is a valid strategy. In light of this fact, the aim of this study was to assess the effects of a commercial dietary ketosis program for weight loss on the sympathetic nervous system and HPA axis, through evaluation of salivary cortisol and GSR levels. Thirty obese subjects were recruited and assessed before and after 8 weeks of Very Low Calorie Ketogenic Diet (VLCKD) intervention to evaluate body composition and biochemical parameters. Salivary cortisol levels and GSR significantly decreased after dietary treatment; in addition, body composition and biochemical features were ameliorated. The VLCKD had a short-term positive effect on the SNS and HPA axes regulating salivary cortisol levels. Finally, the effects of the VLCKD on the SNS and HPA axis may lead to more individualized treatment strategies that integrate obesity and stress and support the usefulness of such therapeutic interventions in promoting the reduction of the individual disease burden.
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26
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Ajibewa TA, Robinson LE, Toledo-Corral C, Miller AL, Sonneville KR, Hasson RE. Acute Daily Stress, Daily Food Consumption, and the Moderating Effect of Disordered Eating among Adolescents with Overweight/Obesity. Child Obes 2021; 17:391-399. [PMID: 33902320 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2021.0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between acute daily stress dimensions (frequency, sum) and food intake in adolescents with overweight/obesity, and to explore the potential moderating effect of disordered eating behaviors on these associations. Methods: One hundred eighty-two adolescents with overweight/obesity (65% females; 68.7% non-white; 16.2 ± 1.8 years of age) were included in this analysis. Acute daily stress was measured using the Daily Stress Inventory, and daily caloric intake was measured using a food frequency questionnaire. Disordered eating behavior was assessed using the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26). Results: Acute daily stress frequency (B = 0.013 ± 0.003; p < 0.001) and acute daily stress sum (B = 0.003 ± 0.001; p < 0.001) were associated with greater daily caloric intake. Disordered eating behavior moderated the association between acute daily stress frequency and caloric intake (pinteraction = 0.039), with greater daily caloric intake among those with higher levels of disordered eating. Disordered eating behavior did not significantly moderate the association between acute daily stress sum and daily caloric intake (pinteraction = 0.053). Conclusions: These findings suggest that greater exposure to acute daily stressors may increase daily food intake in adolescents with overweight/obesity, with greater susceptibility among those engaging in high levels of disordered eating. Longitudinal research is warranted to elucidate the long-term effect of acute daily stressors and disordered eating on food intake among adolescents with overweight/obesity. The Health and Culture Project is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov (No. NCT02938663).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiwaloluwa A Ajibewa
- Movement Science Program, University of Michigan School of Kinesiology, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,University of Michigan Childhood Disparities Research Laboratory, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Leah E Robinson
- Movement Science Program, University of Michigan School of Kinesiology, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Claudia Toledo-Corral
- Department of Health Sciences, California State University Northridge, Northridge, CA, USA
| | - Alison L Miller
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kendrin R Sonneville
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rebecca E Hasson
- Movement Science Program, University of Michigan School of Kinesiology, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,University of Michigan Childhood Disparities Research Laboratory, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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27
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Pali M, Jagannath B, Lin K, Sankhala D, Upasham S, Muthukumar S, Prasad S. Tracking metabolic responses based on macronutrient consumption: A comprehensive study to continuously monitor and quantify dual markers (cortisol and glucose) in human sweat using WATCH sensor. Bioeng Transl Med 2021; 6:e10241. [PMID: 34589609 PMCID: PMC8459601 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Wearable Awareness Through Continuous Hidrosis (WATCH) sensor is a sweat based monitoring platform that tracks cortisol and glucose for the purpose of understanding metabolic responses related to macronutrient consumption. In this research article, we have demonstrated the ability of tracking these two biomarkers in passive human sweat over a workday period (8 h) for 10 human subjects in conjunction with their macronutrient consumption. The validation of the WATCH sensor performance was carried out via standard reference methods such as Luminex and ELISA This is a first demonstration of a passive sweat sensing technology that can detect interrelated dual metabolites, cortisol, and glucose, on a single sensing platform. The significance of detecting the two biomarkers simultaneously is that capturing the body's metabolic and endocrinal responses to dietary triggers can lead to improved lifestyle management. For sweat cortisol, we achieved a detection limit of 1 ng/ml (range ∼1-12.5 ng/ml) with Pearson's "r" of 0.897 in reference studies and 0.868 in WATCH studies. Similarly, for sweat glucose, we achieved a detection limit of 1 mg/dl (range ∼ 1-11 mg/dl) with Pearson's "r" of 0.968 in reference studies and 0.947 in WATCH studies, respectively. The statistical robustness of the WATCH sensor was established through the Bland-Altman analysis, whereby the sweat cortisol and sweat glucose levels are comparable to the standard reference method. The probability distribution (t-test), power analysis (power 0.82-0.87), α = 0.05. Mean absolute relative difference (MARD) outcome of ˷5.10-5.15% further confirmed the statistical robustness of the sweat sensing WATCH device output.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhavi Pali
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of Texas at DallasRichardsonTexasUSA
| | | | - Kai‐Chun Lin
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of Texas at DallasRichardsonTexasUSA
| | - Devangsingh Sankhala
- Department of Electrical EngineeringThe University of Texas at DallasRichardsonTexasUSA
| | - Sayali Upasham
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of Texas at DallasRichardsonTexasUSA
| | | | - Shalini Prasad
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of Texas at DallasRichardsonTexasUSA
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28
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Khaled K, Hundley V, Tsofliou F. Poor Dietary Quality and Patterns Are Associated with Higher Perceived Stress among Women of Reproductive Age in the UK. Nutrients 2021; 13:2588. [PMID: 34444749 PMCID: PMC8399887 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the association between stress and diet quality/patterns among women of reproductive age in UK. In total, 244 reproductive aged women participated in an online survey consisting of the European Prospective into Cancer and Nutrition food frequency questionnaire in addition to stress, depression, physical-activity, adiposity, and socioeconomic questions. An a-priori diet quality index was derived by assessing the adherence to Alternate Mediterranean Diet (aMD). A-posteriori dietary-patterns (DPs) were explored through factor analysis. Regression models were used to assess the predictors of the DPs. Participants mainly had medium (n = 113) aMD adherence. Higher stress levels were reported by participants with low aMD adherence. Participants with high aMD adherence were of normal BMI. Factor analysis revealed three DPs: fats and oils, sugars, snacks, alcoholic-beverages, red/processed meat, and cereals (DP-1), fish and seafood, eggs, milk and milk-products (DP-2), and fruits, vegetables, nuts and seeds (DP-3). Regression models showed that DP-1 was positively associated with stress (p = 0.005) and negatively with age (p = 0.004) and smoking (p = 0.005). DP-2 was negatively associated with maternal educational-level (p = 0.01) while DP-3 was negatively associated with stress (p < 0.001), BMI (p = 0.001), and white ethnicity (p = 0.01). Stress was negatively associated with healthy diet quality/patterns among reproductive aged women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Khaled
- Department of Rehabilitation & Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health & Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth BH8 8GP, UK;
| | - Vanora Hundley
- Centre for Midwifery, Maternal & Perinatal Health, Faculty of Health & Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth BH8 8GP, UK;
| | - Fotini Tsofliou
- Department of Rehabilitation & Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health & Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth BH8 8GP, UK;
- Centre for Midwifery, Maternal & Perinatal Health, Faculty of Health & Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth BH8 8GP, UK;
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29
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Koop S, Oster H. Eat, sleep, repeat - endocrine regulation of behavioural circadian rhythms. FEBS J 2021; 289:6543-6558. [PMID: 34228879 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The adaptation of organisms to a rhythmic environment is mediated by an internal timing system termed the circadian clock. In mammals, molecular clocks are found in all tissues and organs. This circadian clock network regulates the release of many hormones, which in turn influence some of the most vital behavioural functions. Sleep-wake cycles are under strict circadian control with strong influence of rhythmic hormones such as melatonin, cortisol and others. Food intake, in contrast, receives circadian modulation through hormones such as leptin, ghrelin, insulin and orexin. A third behavioural output covered in this review is mating and bonding behaviours, regulated through circadian rhythms in steroid hormones and oxytocin. Together, these data emphasize the pervasive influence of the circadian clock system on behavioural outputs and its mediation through endocrine networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Koop
- Centre of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, Institute of Neurobiology, University of Lübeck, Germany
| | - Henrik Oster
- Centre of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, Institute of Neurobiology, University of Lübeck, Germany
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30
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Sankiewicz A, Hermanowicz A, Grycz A, Łukaszewski Z, Gorodkiewicz E. An SPR imaging immunosensor for leptin determination in blood plasma. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:642-646. [PMID: 33438698 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay02047h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Leptin is a hormone that has a fundamental role in the regulation of feeding and energy balance. A developed specific SPRi immunosensor for leptin may be a new tool for leptin determination in blood plasma. The immunosensor consists of rabbit anti-leptin antibody immobilized on a gold chip via cysteamine linker, using the EDC/NHS protocol. Non-fluidic array SPRi is used for analytical signal formation. Under optimized conditions, the linear response range of the immunosensor covers concentrations from 0.23 to 5 ng mL-1. The LOD of the immunosensor is 0.07 ng mL-1, and the LOQ is 0.23 ng mL-1. The precision of measurement depends on leptin concentration, and is between 9.1% and 2.2%. Recoveries of the leptin spike are between 97% and 110%. The immunosensor and related analytical method were validated by parallel determination of leptin in series of plasma from children suffering from malnutrition and a control group, using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and SPRi. Pearson's correlation coefficient was equal to 0.991. The developed immunosensor and related method are more direct, faster and much simpler than ELISA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Sankiewicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Bioanalysis Laboratory, University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.
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31
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Fruh SM, Taylor SE, Graves RJ, Hayes K, McDermott R, Hauff C, Williams SG, Sittig S, Campbell M, Hudson G, Hall H, Melnyk BM, Barinas JL. Relationships among hope, body satisfaction, wellness habits, and stress in nursing students. J Prof Nurs 2021; 37:640-647. [PMID: 34016325 DOI: 10.1016/j.profnurs.2021.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon M Fruh
- College of Nursing, 5721 USA Drive North, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, United States of America.
| | - Sarah E Taylor
- Department of Counseling and Instructional Sciences, University Commons 3800, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, United States of America
| | - Rebecca J Graves
- College of Nursing, 5721 USA Drive North, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, United States of America
| | - Katey Hayes
- Department of Psychology, University Commons 1000, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36608, United States of America
| | - Ryon McDermott
- Department of Counseling and Instructional Sciences, University Commons 3800, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, United States of America
| | - Caitlyn Hauff
- Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Sport, Suite 1016, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, United States of America
| | - Susan G Williams
- College of Nursing, 5721 USA Drive North, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, United States of America
| | - Scott Sittig
- School of Computing, Shelby Hall, 150 Jaguar Drive, Suite 2101, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, United States of America
| | - Matthew Campbell
- School of Computing, Shelby Hall, 150 Jaguar Drive, Suite 2101, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, United States of America
| | - Geoffrey Hudson
- Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Sport, Suite 1016, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, United States of America
| | - Heather Hall
- College of Nursing, 5721 USA Drive North, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, United States of America
| | | | - Jennifer L Barinas
- Department of Counseling and Instructional Sciences, University Commons 3800, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL 36688, United States of America
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32
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Pham TL, Chrousos GP, Merkenschlager A, Petrowski K, Ullmann E. Lamotrigine Reduces Stress Symptoms of Chronic Anxiety in the Times of the Covid-19 Natural Catastrophe-A Case Report. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:655079. [PMID: 34234698 PMCID: PMC8255466 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.655079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has been a worldwide chronic, stress-inducing natural catastrophe associated with increased emotional challenging. Patients with Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), self-injury behavior, and obesity are predisposed to aggravation of their symptoms at this time, requiring new therapeutic approaches to balance their disrupted neuro-hormonal stress axis. Here we present our observations of an off-label treatment with lamotrigine in an adolescent girl with PTSD, self-injury behavior, and obesity. Lamotrigine was an efficacious pharmaceutical intervention that helped the patient deal with chronic stress and associated anxiety. The results are discussed based on our previous basic research outcomes in animals and humans that focused on the glutamate-cortisol circuits within the limbic brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuylinh L Pham
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - George P Chrousos
- University Research Institute of Maternal and Child Health and Precision Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.,School of Medical Biology, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russia
| | | | - Katja Petrowski
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, Clinic and Policlinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medicine Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Enrico Ullmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,School of Medical Biology, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk, Russia.,Department of Internal Medicine, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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