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Rhea EM, Leclerc M, Yassine HN, Capuano AW, Tong H, Petyuk VA, Macauley SL, Fioramonti X, Carmichael O, Calon F, Arvanitakis Z. State of the Science on Brain Insulin Resistance and Cognitive Decline Due to Alzheimer's Disease. Aging Dis 2024; 15:1688-1725. [PMID: 37611907 PMCID: PMC11272209 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is common and increasing in prevalence worldwide, with devastating public health consequences. While peripheral insulin resistance is a key feature of most forms of T2DM and has been investigated for over a century, research on brain insulin resistance (BIR) has more recently been developed, including in the context of T2DM and non-diabetes states. Recent data support the presence of BIR in the aging brain, even in non-diabetes states, and found that BIR may be a feature in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and contributes to cognitive impairment. Further, therapies used to treat T2DM are now being investigated in the context of AD treatment and prevention, including insulin. In this review, we offer a definition of BIR, and present evidence for BIR in AD; we discuss the expression, function, and activation of the insulin receptor (INSR) in the brain; how BIR could develop; tools to study BIR; how BIR correlates with current AD hallmarks; and regional/cellular involvement of BIR. We close with a discussion on resilience to both BIR and AD, how current tools can be improved to better understand BIR, and future avenues for research. Overall, this review and position paper highlights BIR as a plausible therapeutic target for the prevention of cognitive decline and dementia due to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Rhea
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Manon Leclerc
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada.
- Neuroscience Axis, CHU de Québec Research Center - Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Hussein N Yassine
- Departments of Neurology and Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.
| | - Ana W Capuano
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Han Tong
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Vladislav A Petyuk
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA.
| | - Shannon L Macauley
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40508, USA.
| | - Xavier Fioramonti
- International Associated Laboratory OptiNutriBrain, Bordeaux, France and Quebec, Canada.
- Univ. Bordeaux, INRAE, Bordeaux INP, NutriNeuro, UMR 1286, F-33000 Bordeaux, France.
| | - Owen Carmichael
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA.
| | - Frederic Calon
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada.
- Neuroscience Axis, CHU de Québec Research Center - Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada.
- International Associated Laboratory OptiNutriBrain, Bordeaux, France and Quebec, Canada.
| | - Zoe Arvanitakis
- Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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Alcaráz N, Salcedo-Tello P, González-Barrios R, Torres-Arciga K, Guzmán-Ramos K. Underlying Mechanisms of the Protective Effects of Lifestyle Factors On Age-Related Diseases. Arch Med Res 2024; 55:103014. [PMID: 38861840 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
The rise in life expectancy has significantly increased the occurrence of age-related chronic diseases, leading to escalating expenses for both society and individuals. Among the main factors influencing health and lifespan, lifestyle takes a forefront position. Specifically, nutrition, mental activity, and physical exercise influence the molecular and functional mechanisms that contribute to the prevention of major age-related diseases. Gaining deeper insights into the mechanisms that drive the positive effects of healthy lifestyles is valuable for creating interventions to prevent or postpone the development of chronic degenerative diseases. This review summarizes the main mechanisms that underlie the positive effect of lifestyle factors in counteracting the major age-related diseases involving brain health, musculoskeletal function, cancer, frailty, and cardiovascular diseases, among others. This knowledge will help to identify high-risk populations for targeted intervention trials and discover new biomarkers associated with healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Alcaráz
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pamela Salcedo-Tello
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo González-Barrios
- Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Laboratorio de regulación de la cromatina y genómica, Mexico City, México
| | - Karla Torres-Arciga
- Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Laboratorio de regulación de la cromatina y genómica, Mexico City, México; Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Kioko Guzmán-Ramos
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Lerma, Mexico State, Mexico.
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Balbim GM, Falck RS, Boa Sorte Silva NC, Kramer AF, Voss M, Liu-Ambrose T. The Association of the 24-Hour Activity Cycle Profiles With Cognition in Older Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2024; 79:glae099. [PMID: 38642387 PMCID: PMC11167489 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glae099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship of cognition and the 24-h activity cycle (24-HAC), encompassing physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep, in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) remains uncertain. Distinct combinations of 24-HAC behaviors can characterize unique activity profiles and influence cognition. We aimed to characterize 24-HAC activity profiles in older adults with MCI and assess whether differences in cognition exist across profiles. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional analysis utilizing baseline data from 3 randomized controlled trials involving 253 community-dwelling older adults (55 + years) with MCI (no functional impairment, dementia diagnosis, and Montreal Cognitive Assessment score <26/30). Using MotionWatch8© wrist-worn actigraphy (+5 days), we captured the 24-HAC. Cognition was indexed by the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale Cognitive Plus (ADAS-Cog-Plus). Compositional data and latent profile analyses identified distinct 24-HAC activity profiles. Analysis of covariance examined whether 24-HAC activity profiles differed in cognition. RESULTS Four distinct activity profiles were identified. Profile 1 ("Average 24-HAC," n = 103) engaged in all 24-HAC behaviors around the sample average. Profile 2 ("Active Chillers," n = 70) depicted lower-than-average engagement in physical activity and higher-than-average sedentary behavior. Profile 3 ("Physical Activity Masters," n = 54) were the most active and the least sedentary. Profile 4 ("Sedentary Savants," n = 26) were the least active and the most sedentary. Sleep was similar across profiles. There were no significant differences in ADAS-Cog-Plus scores between 24-HAC activity profiles (p > .05). CONCLUSIONS Older adults with MCI exhibited four 24-HAC activity profiles conforming to recommended physical activity and sleep guidelines. Nonetheless, cognition was similar across these profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Moraes Balbim
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Centre for Aging SMART at Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ryan S Falck
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Centre for Aging SMART at Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Nárlon Cássio Boa Sorte Silva
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Centre for Aging SMART at Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Arthur F Kramer
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Michelle Voss
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Teresa Liu-Ambrose
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Centre for Aging SMART at Vancouver Coastal Health, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Yang Z, Hotterbeex P, Marent PJ, Cerin E, Thomis M, van Uffelen J. Physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and cognitive function among older adults: A bibliometric analysis from 2004 to 2024. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 97:102283. [PMID: 38552882 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Because of population ageing, there will be a vast increase in the prevalence of cognitive decline and dementia. Physical activity and sedentary behaviour have been identified as modifiable lifestyle behaviours associated with these cognitive conditions. Therefore, the aim of this bibliometric analysis is to reveal the knowledge structure of the field of physical activity, sedentary behaviour, and cognitive function among older adults from 2004 to 2024, and to predict emerging research trends. A total of 1290 publications were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection. CiteSpace and VOSviewer were applied to conduct performance analysis, science mapping, and enrichment. T. Liu-Ambrose was the most prolific author (39 publications), and the University of British Columbia was the most prolific institution (48 publications). The USA, China, and Canada were the three most productive countries with 392, 174, and 136 publications respectively. Two research trends revealed the knowledge structure of this field, including the shift from evaluating the effectiveness of interventions on cognitive function to evaluating the effectiveness of interventions on other health-related outcomes, as well as an expansion of research on the role of physical activity and sedentary behaviour in the context of healthy ageing. Sleep, sedentary behaviour, and virtual reality may be emerging research trends and may predict directions for future research. Collectively, this bibliometric analysis provides a one-step overview of the knowledge structure in this field for researchers and other stakeholders, as well as a reference for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Yang
- Physical Activity, Sports & Health Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pauline Hotterbeex
- Physical Activity, Sports & Health Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University Research Centre for Aging Young, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pieter-Jan Marent
- Physical Activity, Sports & Health Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University Research Centre for Aging Young, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ester Cerin
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia; School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Martine Thomis
- Physical Activity, Sports & Health Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jannique van Uffelen
- Physical Activity, Sports & Health Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Leuven Brain Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Firth J, Torous J, López-Gil JF, Linardon J, Milton A, Lambert J, Smith L, Jarić I, Fabian H, Vancampfort D, Onyeaka H, Schuch FB, Firth JA. From "online brains" to "online lives": understanding the individualized impacts of Internet use across psychological, cognitive and social dimensions. World Psychiatry 2024; 23:176-190. [PMID: 38727074 PMCID: PMC11083903 DOI: 10.1002/wps.21188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
In response to the mass adoption and extensive usage of Internet-enabled devices across the world, a major review published in this journal in 2019 examined the impact of Internet on human cognition, discussing the concepts and ideas behind the "online brain". Since then, the online world has become further entwined with the fabric of society, and the extent to which we use such technologies has continued to grow. Furthermore, the research evidence on the ways in which Internet usage affects the human mind has advanced considerably. In this paper, we sought to draw upon the latest data from large-scale epidemiological studies and systematic reviews, along with randomized controlled trials and qualitative research recently emerging on this topic, in order to now provide a multi-dimensional overview of the impacts of Internet usage across psychological, cognitive and societal outcomes. Within this, we detail the empirical evidence on how effects differ according to various factors such as age, gender, and usage types. We also draw from new research examining more experiential aspects of individuals' online lives, to understand how the specifics of their interactions with the Internet, and the impact on their lifestyle, determine the benefits or drawbacks of online time. Additionally, we explore how the nascent but intriguing areas of culturomics, artificial intelligence, virtual reality, and augmented reality are changing our understanding of how the Internet can interact with brain and behavior. Overall, the importance of taking an individualized and multi-dimensional approach to how the Internet affects mental health, cognition and social functioning is clear. Furthermore, we emphasize the need for guidelines, policies and initiatives around Internet usage to make full use of the evidence available from neuroscientific, behavioral and societal levels of research presented herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Firth
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- Greater Manchester Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - John Torous
- Division of Digital Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - José Francisco López-Gil
- One Health Research Group, Universidad de las Americas, Quito, Ecuador
- Department of Environmental Health, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jake Linardon
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Alyssa Milton
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Australian Research Council, Centre of Excellence for Children and Families over the Life Course, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Lee Smith
- Centre for Health Performance and Wellbeing, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ivan Jarić
- Laboratoire Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Hannah Fabian
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Davy Vancampfort
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- University Psychiatric Center, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Henry Onyeaka
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Felipe B Schuch
- Department of Sports Methods and Techniques, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
- Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Institute of Health Sciences, Universidad Autônoma de Chile, Providência, Chile
| | - Josh A Firth
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- School of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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6
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Wang W, Zhao Z, Ning H. A tree-based corpus annotated with Cyber-Syndrome, symptoms, and acupoints. Sci Data 2024; 11:482. [PMID: 38730023 PMCID: PMC11087536 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-024-03321-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Prolonged and over-excessive interaction with cyberspace poses a threat to people's health and leads to the occurrence of Cyber-Syndrome, which covers not only physiological but also psychological disorders. This paper aims to create a tree-shaped gold-standard corpus that annotates the Cyber-Syndrome, clinical manifestations, and acupoints that can alleviate their symptoms or signs, designating this corpus as CS-A. In the CS-A corpus, this paper defines six entities and relations subject to annotation. There are 448 texts to annotate in total manually. After three rounds of updating the annotation guidelines, the inter-annotator agreement (IAA) improved significantly, resulting in a higher IAA score of 86.05%. The purpose of constructing CS-A corpus is to increase the popularity of Cyber-Syndrome and draw attention to its subtle impact on people's health. Meanwhile, annotated corpus promotes the development of natural language processing technology. Some model experiments can be implemented based on this corpus, such as optimizing and improving models for discontinuous entity recognition, nested entity recognition, etc. The CS-A corpus has been uploaded to figshare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxi Wang
- School of Computer & Communication Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhan Zhao
- School of Computer & Communication Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Huansheng Ning
- School of Computer & Communication Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Guu T, Brem A, Albertyn CP, Kandangwa P, Aarsland D, ffytche D. Wrist-worn actigraphy in agitated late-stage dementia patients: A feasibility study on digital inclusion. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:3211-3218. [PMID: 38497216 PMCID: PMC11095432 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wrist-worn actigraphy can be an objective tool to assess sleep and other behavioral and psychological symptoms in dementia (BPSD). We investigated the feasibility of using wearable actigraphy in agitated late-stage dementia patients. METHODS Agitated, late-stage Alzheimer's dementia care home residents in Greater London area (n = 29; 14 females, mean age ± SD: 80.8 ± 8.2; 93.1% White) were recruited to wear an actigraphy watch for 4 weeks. Wearing time was extracted to evaluate compliance, and factors influencing compliance were explored. RESULTS A high watch-acceptance (96.6%) and compliance rate (88.0%) was noted. Non-compliance was not associated with age or BPSD symptomatology. However, participants with "better" cognitive function (R = 0.42, p = 0.022) and during nightshift (F1.240, 33.475 = 8.075, p = 0.005) were less compliant. Female participants were also marginally less compliant (F1, 26 = 3.790, p = 0.062). DISCUSSIONS Wrist-worn actigraphy appears acceptable and feasible in late-stage agitated dementia patients. Accommodating the needs of both the patients and their carers may further improve compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ta‐Wei Guu
- Department of Old Age PsychiatryInstitute of PsychiatryPsychology and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUK
- Division of PsychiatryDepartments of Internal MedicineChina Medical University Beigang HospitalYunlinTaiwan
- Sleep Medicine Center and Mind‐Body Interface Laboratory (MBI‐Lab)China Medical University HospitalTaichungTaiwan
| | - Anna‐Katharine Brem
- Department of Old Age PsychiatryInstitute of PsychiatryPsychology and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUK
- University Hospital of Old Age Psychiatry, University of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Christopher P. Albertyn
- Department of Old Age PsychiatryInstitute of PsychiatryPsychology and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Pooja Kandangwa
- Department of Old Age PsychiatryInstitute of PsychiatryPsychology and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Dag Aarsland
- Department of Old Age PsychiatryInstitute of PsychiatryPsychology and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUK
- Centre for Age‐Related MedicineStavanger University HospitalStavangerNorway
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - Dominic ffytche
- Department of Old Age PsychiatryInstitute of PsychiatryPsychology and Neuroscience, King's College LondonLondonUK
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
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8
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Zou L, Herold F, Cheval B, Wheeler MJ, Pindus DM, Erickson KI, Raichlen DA, Alexander GE, Müller NG, Dunstan DW, Kramer AF, Hillman CH, Hallgren M, Ekelund U, Maltagliati S, Owen N. Sedentary behavior and lifespan brain health. Trends Cogn Sci 2024; 28:369-382. [PMID: 38431428 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2024.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Higher levels of physical activity are known to benefit aspects of brain health across the lifespan. However, the role of sedentary behavior (SB) is less well understood. In this review we summarize and discuss evidence on the role of SB on brain health (including cognitive performance, structural or functional brain measures, and dementia risk) for different age groups, critically compare assessment approaches to capture SB, and offer insights into emerging opportunities to assess SB via digital technologies. Across the lifespan, specific characteristics of SB (particularly whether they are cognitively active or cognitively passive) potentially act as moderators influencing the associations between SB and specific brain health outcomes. We outline challenges and opportunities for future research aiming to provide more robust empirical evidence on these observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liye Zou
- Body-Brain-Mind Laboratory, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Fabian Herold
- Body-Brain-Mind Laboratory, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China; Research Group Degenerative and Chronic Diseases, Movement, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Boris Cheval
- Department of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, Ecole Normale Supérieure Rennes, Bruz, France; Laboratory VIPS2, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Michael J Wheeler
- Physical Activity Laboratory, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Dominika M Pindus
- Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Kirk I Erickson
- AdventHealth Research Institute, Department of Neuroscience, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - David A Raichlen
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA; Department of Anthropology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Gene E Alexander
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA; Physiological Sciences Graduate Interdisciplinary Program, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ85721, USA
| | - Notger G Müller
- Research Group Degenerative and Chronic Diseases, Movement, Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - David W Dunstan
- Physical Activity Laboratory, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Arthur F Kramer
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Center for Cognitive and Brain Health, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Charles H Hillman
- Center for Cognitive and Brain Health, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA; Department of Physical Therapy, Movement, & Rehabilitation Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Mats Hallgren
- Epidemiology of Psychiatric Conditions, Substance Use and Social Environment (EPiCSS), Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Ulf Ekelund
- Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway; Department of Chronic Diseases and Ageing, The Norwegian Institute for Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Silvio Maltagliati
- Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Neville Owen
- Physical Activity Laboratory, Baker Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Urban Transitions, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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9
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Beinlich FR, Asiminas A, Untiet V, Bojarowska Z, Plá V, Sigurdsson B, Timmel V, Gehrig L, Graber MH, Hirase H, Nedergaard M. Oxygen imaging of hypoxic pockets in the mouse cerebral cortex. Science 2024; 383:1471-1478. [PMID: 38547288 PMCID: PMC11251491 DOI: 10.1126/science.adn1011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Consciousness is lost within seconds upon cessation of cerebral blood flow. The brain cannot store oxygen, and interruption of oxidative phosphorylation is fatal within minutes. Yet only rudimentary knowledge exists regarding cortical partial oxygen tension (Po2) dynamics under physiological conditions. Here we introduce Green enhanced Nano-lantern (GeNL), a genetically encoded bioluminescent oxygen indicator for Po2 imaging. In awake behaving mice, we uncover the existence of spontaneous, spatially defined "hypoxic pockets" and demonstrate their linkage to the abrogation of local capillary flow. Exercise reduced the burden of hypoxic pockets by 52% compared with rest. The study provides insight into cortical oxygen dynamics in awake behaving animals and concurrently establishes a tool to delineate the importance of oxygen tension in physiological processes and neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix R.M. Beinlich
- Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen; 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Antonios Asiminas
- Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen; 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Verena Untiet
- Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen; 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zuzanna Bojarowska
- Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen; 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Virginia Plá
- Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen; 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Björn Sigurdsson
- Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen; 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vincenzo Timmel
- School of Engineering, FHNW University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland; 5210 Windisch, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Gehrig
- School of Engineering, FHNW University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland; 5210 Windisch, Switzerland
| | - Michael H. Graber
- School of Engineering, FHNW University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland; 5210 Windisch, Switzerland
| | - Hajime Hirase
- Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen; 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center; Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Maiken Nedergaard
- Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen; 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Division of Glial Disease and Therapeutics, Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center; Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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O'Hara L, Neville C, Marr C, McAlinden M, Kee F, Weir D, McGuinness B. Investigating the prevalence of cognitive impairment and dementia in the Northern Ireland Cohort for the Longitudinal Study of Ageing (NICOLA): the Harmonised Cognitive Assessment Protocol (HCAP) cross-sectional substudy. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e075672. [PMID: 38296305 PMCID: PMC10831431 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-075672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Northern Ireland Cohort for the Longitudinal Study of Ageing (NICOLA) study is the largest study of ageing in Northern Ireland (NI). The Harmonised Cognitive Assessment Protocol (HCAP) is a substudy of NICOLA designed to assess cognitive impairment and dementia in individuals aged 65 and over. The NICOLA-HCAP substudy is funded by the National Institute on Aging as part of a network for enhancing cross-national research within a worldwide group of population-based, longitudinal studies of ageing, all of which are centred around the US-based Health and Retirement Study. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The NICOLA-HCAP study will draw on the main NICOLA cohort (of 8283 participants) and randomly sample 1000 participants aged 65 and over to take part in the substudy. Participants will complete a series of cognitive tests (n=19) via a computer-assisted personal interview administered in their home (or alternatively within the research centre) and will be asked to nominate a family member or friend to complete an additional interview of validated instruments to provide information on respondent's prior and current cognitive and physical functioning and whether the individual requires help with daily activities. The objectives of the study are: to investigate the prevalence of dementia and cognitive impairment in NICOLA; harmonise scoring of the NICOLA-HCAP data to the HCAP studies conducted in Ireland, the USA and England; to explore the validity of dementia estimates; and investigate the risk factors for dementia and cognitive impairment. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study received ethical approval from the Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences Research Ethics Committee, Queen's University Belfast. We will provide data from the Northern Irish HCAP to the research community via data repositories such as the Dementias Platform UK and Gateway to Global Aging to complement existing public data resources and support epidemiological research by others. Findings will also be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and at international conferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leeanne O'Hara
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | | | - Calum Marr
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | | | - Frank Kee
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - David Weir
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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11
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Nguyen SA, Oughli HA, Lavretsky H. Use of Complementary and Integrative Medicine for Alzheimer's Disease and Cognitive Decline. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 97:523-540. [PMID: 38073388 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Integrative medicine takes a holistic approach because it considers multiple aspects of the individual. This includes a person's physical, emotional, interpersonal, behavioral, nutritional, environmental, and spiritual dimensions of wellbeing that contribute to the Whole Person Health. There is increasing interest and popularity of integrative approaches to treating cognitive decline and dementia because of the multifactorial nature of aging and the limited pharmacological interventions available in treating cognitive decline and dementia, particularly Alzheimer's disease, the most common type of dementia. This review summarizes the existing evidence using complementary and integrative medicine therapies in cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease. This includes the use of mind-body therapies, lifestyle interventions (nutritional, physical exercise, stress reduction), and other integrative modalities. Unfortunately, there are still limited studies available to guide clinicians despite the increasing popularity of integrative treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Nguyen
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hanadi Ajam Oughli
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Helen Lavretsky
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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12
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Signorini G, Scurati R, Bosio A, Maestri G, Rigon M, Trecroci A, Invernizzi PL. Effects of cognitive load and different exercise intensities on perceived effort in sedentary university students: a follow up of the Cubo Fitness Test validation. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1254767. [PMID: 38144989 PMCID: PMC10742639 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1254767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Work and intellectually fatiguing environments can significantly influence the health of individuals, which is strictly bound to motor efficiency. In particular, desk workers and university students may have a sedentary lifestyle and a condition of mental fatigue caused by daily routine, which could impair motor efficiency. The assessment is a starting point for enhancing awareness of the individual's psychophysical condition through the perception of one's body motor efficiency, motivating to move towards improvement. This way, a submaximal test based on perceived exertion was developed (Cubo Fitness Test, CFT) and validated in previous studies. Hence, two further studies were employed to enhance the consistency and accuracy of this instrument in different conditions. The first study investigated the internal responsiveness of CFT, evaluating if mental fatigue could affect motor efficiency. The second study investigated which perceived intensity (weak, moderate, strong, or absolute maximum) could be more reliable for applying the CFT (as previous research focused the investigation only on moderate intensity). In the first investigation, participants assessed two stimuli (mental fatigue induced with a Stroop color-word task and a neutral condition based on the vision of a documentary) lasting 60 min each. The quality of psychophysical recovery (total quality recovery) and the mood state (Italian Mood State questionnaire) were evaluated before the stimuli. After the fatiguing or the neutral task, the mood state was newly assessed, together with the evaluation of the workload's characteristics (Nasa TLX) and the CFT motor efficiency. In the second investigation, participants had to perform CFT twice for each at different intensities of Borg's Scale of perceived exertion. Researchers successfully requested to fill out the NASA TLX questionnaire regarding the perceived workload characteristics of CFT, and the reliability of each intensity was assessed. Results seem to enhance the consistency and the accuracy of the instrument. Indeed, findings evidenced that CFT is not influenced by mental fatigue conditions typical of the intellectual work of desk workers and university students for which this test was specifically conceived. Moreover, moderate and strong perceived intensity are the most adequate conditions to assess motor efficiency in these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Signorini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaele Scurati
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Bosio
- Human Performance Laboratory, Mapei Sport, Olgiate Olona, Italy
| | - Gloria Maestri
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Rigon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Athos Trecroci
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Luigi Invernizzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Ayari S, Abellard A, Sakrani S, Krinitskaia A, Grzelak M, Nader RB, Gavarry O. Comparison of dance and aerobic exercise on cognition and neuropsychiatric symptoms in sedentary older adults with cognitive impairment. Eur Geriatr Med 2023; 14:1289-1299. [PMID: 37656350 DOI: 10.1007/s41999-023-00849-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To compare the effects of dance and aerobic exercise on cognition and neuropsychiatric symptoms in older people with cognitive impairment. METHODS Twenty-three older adults (mean age = 78 ± 7 years; males: n = 7, females: n = 16) attending a day care center and diagnosed with cognitive impairment were randomly assigned to a 16-week dance intervention or an aerobic exercise intervention (60 min/week). Cognitive function [Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE)], neuropsychiatric symptoms [Geriatric Depression Scale-15 (GDS-15), Neuro-Psychiatric Inventory-R (NPI-R)], and physical function [Timed Up and Go (TUG), Activity Daily Living (ADL)] were assessed at baseline and at the end of the intervention. After Borg scale assessment, these two physical activities were performed at similar intensity (60-70% HRR). RESULTS MMSE score increased significantly after the intervention in the dance group (+ 3.3/+ 14%, p = 0.03), especially memory performance (+1/+220%, p = 0.03), but not in the aerobic exercise group. GDS-15 and NPI-R decreased significantly after the intervention in both groups (p < 0.001). However, no significant effect was found for TUG and ADL. CONCLUSION Dance is a cost-effective multimodal intervention that could improve cognition. A low-frequency ecological dance intervention (once per week; 60 min) could improve cognition, especially verbal memory. These results should be further investigated for the practice of dance in facilities for older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawsen Ayari
- Laboratoire IAPS, Impact de l'Activité Physique sur la Santé, Toulon, Université de Toulon, La Garde, France.
| | - Alexandre Abellard
- Laboratoire IMSIC, Institut Méditerranéen des Sciences de l'Information et de la Communication, Université de Toulon, La Garde, France
| | - Sihem Sakrani
- Association de promotion en Recherches Cliniques et Innovation pour la Santé (ARCIS), Toulon, France
| | - Anastasia Krinitskaia
- Association de promotion en Recherches Cliniques et Innovation pour la Santé (ARCIS), Toulon, France
| | - Marta Grzelak
- Association de promotion en Recherches Cliniques et Innovation pour la Santé (ARCIS), Toulon, France
| | - Raymond Bou Nader
- Laboratoire IAPS, Impact de l'Activité Physique sur la Santé, Toulon, Université de Toulon, La Garde, France
| | - Olivier Gavarry
- Laboratoire IAPS, Impact de l'Activité Physique sur la Santé, Toulon, Université de Toulon, La Garde, France
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Farrés-Godayol P, Ruiz-Díaz MÁ, Dall P, Skelton DA, Minobes-Molina E, Jerez-Roig J, Giné-Garriga M. Determining minimum number of valid days for accurate estimation of sedentary behaviour and awake-time movement behaviours using the ActivPAL3 in nursing home residents. Eur Rev Aging Phys Act 2023; 20:19. [PMID: 37805448 PMCID: PMC10559597 DOI: 10.1186/s11556-023-00329-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Scarce evidence is available about the minimum number of valid days wearing the activPAL3 to obtain a precise estimate of sedentary behaviour (SB) and awake-time movement behaviours (ATMB) in nursing home (NH) residents. The study aimed to determine the minimum number of valid days required for accurately estimate SB and ATMB using the activPAL3 device in NH residents. It also investigated how the starting point of a day (the 24-h period) impacted reliability. METHODS Participants wore an activPAL3 for 7 consecutive days. The data was classified in two-time blocks (00:00 Ante Meridiem (AM)-00:00 AM midnight vs 12:00 Post Meridiam (PM) -12:00 PM midday) and the sample was stratified into two groups according to their capacity to stand and walk, to examine if timing of sampling or physical functioning affected minimum wear time. SB, ATMB, sociodemographic, and health-related variables were collected. Sensitivity of the time-blocks were tested through the dispersion frequencies and differences between blocks through Kolmogorov-Smirnov test for normality; parametric variables through two-related means T-test and Wilcoxon test for non-parametric data. Reliability was assessed with the Cronbach's Alpha and the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC), using a one-factor model estimating the reliability for each measurement day loading in the same latent factor. RESULTS Ninety-five NH residents (81.1% women; age = 85.8 ± 7.2 years) were included. The midnight block had higher reliability, sensitivity and no statistically significant differences between days were found. At least three consecutive days of monitoring were necessary to achieve a reliability of ICC ≥ 0.8 for those NH residents able to stand and walk and six days for those unable. CONCLUSIONS NH residents who are able to stand and walk require a minimum of three consecutive days wearing the device, while those who are unable require at least six days due to their highly homogenous daily routines and sensitivity to PA events. Regardless of the activPAL3 recording start time, data processing should reference the midnight time block.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pau Farrés-Godayol
- Research group on Methodology, Methods, Models and Outcomes of Health and Social Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences and Welfare, Centre for Health and Social Care Research (CESS), University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), C. Sagrada Família, 7, Vic, 08500, Spain
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Life Sciences and Health in Central Catalonia (IRIS-CC), Vic, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Ruiz-Díaz
- Department of Social Psychology and Methodology, Psychology Faculty, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Philippa Dall
- Research Centre for Health (ReaCH), School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - Dawn A Skelton
- Research Centre for Health (ReaCH), School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - Eduard Minobes-Molina
- Research group on Methodology, Methods, Models and Outcomes of Health and Social Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences and Welfare, Centre for Health and Social Care Research (CESS), University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), C. Sagrada Família, 7, Vic, 08500, Spain
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Life Sciences and Health in Central Catalonia (IRIS-CC), Vic, Spain
| | - Javier Jerez-Roig
- Research group on Methodology, Methods, Models and Outcomes of Health and Social Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences and Welfare, Centre for Health and Social Care Research (CESS), University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), C. Sagrada Família, 7, Vic, 08500, Spain.
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Life Sciences and Health in Central Catalonia (IRIS-CC), Vic, Spain.
| | - Maria Giné-Garriga
- Blanquerna Faculty of Psychology, Education and Sport Sciences, Ramon Llull University, Barcelona, Spain
- Blanquerna Faculty of Health Sciences, Ramon Llull University, Barcelona, Spain
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García-García I, Donica O, Cohen AA, Gonseth Nusslé S, Heini A, Nusslé S, Pichard C, Rietschel E, Tanackovic G, Folli S, Draganski B. Maintaining brain health across the lifespan. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 153:105365. [PMID: 37604360 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Across the lifespan, the human body and brain endure the impact of a plethora of exogenous and endogenous factors that determine the health outcome in old age. The overwhelming inter-individual variance spans between progressive frailty with loss of autonomy to largely preserved physical, cognitive, and social functions. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the diverse aging trajectories can inform future strategies to maintain a healthy body and brain. Here we provide a comprehensive overview of the current literature on lifetime factors governing brain health. We present the growing body of evidence that unhealthy alimentary regime, sedentary behaviour, sleep pathologies, cardio-vascular risk factors, and chronic inflammation exert their harmful effects in a cumulative and gradual manner, and that timely and efficient intervention could promote healthy and successful aging. We discuss the main effects and interactions between these risk factors and the resulting brain health outcomes to follow with a description of current strategies aiming to eliminate, treat, or counteract the risk factors. We conclude that the detailed insights about modifiable risk factors could inform personalized multi-domain strategies for brain health maintenance on the background of increased longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel García-García
- Laboratory for Research in Neuroimaging (LREN), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre for Research in Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Clinique la Prairie, Montreux, Switzerland
| | | | - Armand Aaron Cohen
- Department of Geriatrics and Rehabilitation, Hadassah University Medical Center Mount Scopus, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | | | | | - Claude Pichard
- Nutrition Unit, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Bogdan Draganski
- Laboratory for Research in Neuroimaging (LREN), Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Centre for Research in Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital, University of Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.
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Zhuang Z, Zhao Y, Song Z, Wang W, Huang N, Dong X, Xiao W, Li Y, Jia J, Liu Z, Qi L, Huang T. Leisure-Time Television Viewing and Computer Use, Family History, and Incidence of Dementia. Neuroepidemiology 2023; 57:304-315. [PMID: 37717571 PMCID: PMC10641801 DOI: 10.1159/000531237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Time spent on screen-based sedentary activities is significantly associated with dementia risk, however, whether the associations vary by family history (FHx) of dementia is currently unknown. We aimed to examine independent associations of two prevalent types of screen-based sedentary activities (television [TV] viewing and computer use) with dementia and assess the modifying effect of FHx. METHODS We included 415,048 individuals free of dementia from the UK Biobank. Associations of TV viewing, computer use, and FHx with dementia risk were determined using Cox regression models. We estimated both multiplicative- and additive-scale interactions between TV viewing and computer use and FHx. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 12.6 years, 5,549 participants developed dementia. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, we observed that moderate (2-3 h/day; hazard ratio [HR] 1.13, 95% confidence interval 0.03-1.23) and high (>3 h/day; 1.33, 1.21-1.46) TV viewing was associated with a higher dementia risk, compared with low (0-1 h/day) TV viewing. Using restricted cubic spline models, the relationship of TV viewing with dementia was nonlinear (relative to 0 h/day; p for nonlinear = 0.005). We found that >3 h/day of TV viewing was associated with a 42% (1.42, 1.18-1.71) higher dementia risk in participants with FHx while a 30% (1.30, 1.17-1.45) in those without FHx. For computer use, both low (0 h/day; 1.41, 1.33-1.50) and high (>2 h/day; 1.17, 1.05-1.29) computer use were associated with elevated dementia risk, compared with moderate (1-2 h/day) computer use. We observed a J-shaped relationship with dementia (relative to 2 h/day; p for nonlinear <0.001). Compared with 1-2 h/day of computer use, the HRs of dementia were 1.46 (1.29-1.65) and 1.10 (0.90-1.36) for 0 h/day and >2 h/day of computer use in participants with FHx, respectively, while the corresponding HRs were 1.40 (1.30-1.50) and 1.19 (1.06-1.33) in those without FHx. We observed a positive additive interaction (RERI 0.29, 0.06-0.53) between computer use and FHx, while little evidence of interaction between TV viewing and FHx. CONCLUSIONS The time spent on TV viewing and computer use were independent risk factors for dementia, and the adverse effects of computer use and FHx were additive. Our findings point to new behavioral targets for intervention on preventing an early onset of dementia, especially for those with FHx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhuang Zhuang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yimin Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zimin Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxiu Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ninghao Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Dong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wendi Xiao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yueying Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinzhu Jia
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lu Qi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Center for Intelligent Public Health, Academy for Artificial Intelligence, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Yang S, Ye Z, Liu M, Zhang Y, Gan X, Wu Q, Zhou C, He P, Zhang Y, Qin X. Variety and Duration of Different Sedentary Behaviors, Inflammation, Genetic Susceptibility, and New-Onset Dementia in the Older Population. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2023; 24:1396-1404. [PMID: 37451311 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2023.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to evaluate the relationship of the variety and duration of different sedentary behaviors (TV-watching, driving, and nonoccupational computer use) with the risk of dementia in older participants, and examine whether inflammation and genetic susceptibility may modify the relationship. DESIGN A prospective cohort study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS 173,829 older participants (≥60 years) without prior dementia in the UK Biobank were enrolled. METHODS A healthy sedentary behavior score was calculated as the number of the 3 major sedentary behaviors with a duration associated with the lowest risk of dementia. The primary outcome was new-onset all-cause dementia. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 12.4 years, 4965 (2.9%) participants developed new-onset dementia. There were U-shaped associations for TV-watching and driving time, and a reversed J-shaped association for nonoccupational computer use time with new-onset all-cause dementia, with the lowest dementia risk at >0-<2 hours/day for all the 3 sedentary behaviors. Moreover, a higher healthy sedentary behavior score was significantly associated with a lower risk of all-cause dementia (per 1 score increment: hazard ratio 0.78, 95% CI 0.75-0.81), with a stronger inverse association in those with higher levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and monocytes (both P-interactions <.05). Genetic risks of dementia did not significantly modify the association. Similar trends were found for new-onset Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The associations between the duration of different sedentary behaviors and new-onset dementia were different in the older population. Moreover, the variety of sedentary behavior was inversely associated with new-onset dementia, especially among those with higher levels of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziliang Ye
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengyi Liu
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanjun Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqin Gan
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qimeng Wu
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chun Zhou
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou, China
| | - Panpan He
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianhui Qin
- Division of Nephrology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Disease, Guangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Institute of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Renal Failure Research, Guangzhou, China.
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18
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Cândido LM, Niehues JR, Vieira LA, de Avelar NCP, Danielewicz AL. Self-perception of the neighborhood environment, cognitive impairment and functional limitations in community-dwelling older adults: A cross-sectional study. Geriatr Nurs 2023; 53:240-246. [PMID: 37598427 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2023.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
AIMS It is important to identify the association between characteristics of the neighborhood environment, cognitive impairment and functional limitations to organize early and effective intervention strategies. METHODS A cross-sectional survey of 308 community-dwelling older adults was conducted. Logistic Regression analyses were performed to verify the associations between self-perceived characteristics of the neighborhood environment (Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale), cognitive impairment (Mini-Mental State Examination) and functional limitations (mobility, lower limb muscle strength and balance). RESULTS Significant negative associations were observed: (1) better infrastructure, traffic and safety and mobility limitation; (2) better infrastructure and muscle weakness; (3) better safety and balance limitation; and (4) better streets/sidewalks and cognitive impairment. On the other hand, positive associations were observed between poor safety with mobility limitation and muscle weakness. CONCLUSIONS Our findings contribute to greater knowledge about neighborhood characteristics regarding mental and physical health in community-dwelling older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Martins Cândido
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, Department of Health Sciences, Araranguá, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Janaína Rocha Niehues
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, Department of Health Sciences, Araranguá, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Luiza Alves Vieira
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, Department of Health Sciences, Araranguá, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Lúcia Danielewicz
- Federal University of Santa Catarina, Department of Health Sciences, Araranguá, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
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19
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Collins AM, Molina-Hidalgo C, Aghjayan SL, Fanning J, Erlenbach ED, Gothe NP, Velazquez-Diaz D, Erickson KI. Differentiating the influence of sedentary behavior and physical activity on brain health in late adulthood. Exp Gerontol 2023; 180:112246. [PMID: 37356467 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Public health messaging calls for individuals to be more physically active and less sedentary, yet these lifestyle behaviors have been historically studied independently. Both physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) are linked through time-use in a 24-hour day and are related to health outcomes, such as neurocognition. While the benefits of PA on brain health in late adulthood have been well-documented, the influence of SB remains to be understood. The purpose of this paper was to critically review the evolving work on SB and brain health in late adulthood and emphasize key areas of consideration to inform potential research. Overall, the existing literature studying the impact of SB on the components and mechanisms of brain health are mixed and inconclusive, provided largely by cross-sectional and observational work employing a variety of measurement techniques of SB and brain health outcomes. Further, many studies did not conceptually or statistically account for the role of PA in the proposed relationships. Therefore, our understanding of the way in which SB may influence neurocognition in late adulthood is limited. Future efforts should include more prospective longitudinal and randomized clinical trials with intentional methodological approaches to better understand the relationships between SB and the brain in late adulthood, and how these potential links are differentiated from PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey M Collins
- AdventHealth Research Institute, Department of Neuroscience, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL, USA.
| | | | - Sarah L Aghjayan
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jason Fanning
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Emily D Erlenbach
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Neha P Gothe
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Bouvé College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Velazquez-Diaz
- AdventHealth Research Institute, Department of Neuroscience, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL, USA; Exphy Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University Hospital, University of Cadiz, 11009 Cadiz, Spain; Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA) Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, University of Cadiz, 11009 Cadiz, Spain
| | - Kirk I Erickson
- AdventHealth Research Institute, Department of Neuroscience, AdventHealth, Orlando, FL, USA; Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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20
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Schock S, Hakim A. The Physiological and Molecular Links Between Physical Activity and Brain Health: A Review. Neurosci Insights 2023; 18:26331055231191523. [PMID: 37600456 PMCID: PMC10436988 DOI: 10.1177/26331055231191523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
There is currently an epidemic of sedentary behavior throughout the world, leading to negative impacts on physical health and contributing to both mortality and burden of disease. The consequences of this also impact the brain, where increased levels of cognitive decline are observed in individuals who are more sedentary. This review explores the physiological and molecular responses to our sedentary propensity, its contribution to several medical conditions and cognitive deficits, and the benefits of moderate levels of physical activity and exercise. Also presented is the recommended level of activity for overall physical health improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Schock
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Antoine Hakim
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Division of Neurology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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21
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Cai XY, Qian GP, Wang F, Zhang MY, Da YJ, Liang JH. Association between sedentary behavior and risk of cognitive decline or mild cognitive impairment among the elderly: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1221990. [PMID: 37600015 PMCID: PMC10436513 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1221990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Existing evidence on the association between sedentary behavior (SB) and cognitive function remains inconclusive. Therefore, this study investigated the association between SB and the risk of cognitive decline (CD) or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in the elderly. Methods A comprehensive search was independently conducted by two researchers (XC and GQ) in seven electronic databases, including Medline (via PubMed), China Biology Medicine, Embase, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang database, and VIP database for Chinese technical periodicals, covering studies published from the inception of database to June 2023. Studies that investigated the relationship between SB and the risk of CD or MCI in the elderly were included. The quality of the literature was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) assessment tools. The combined effect size analysis, subgroup analysis, and publication bias assessment were performed using STATA 14.0. Results A total of 13 cross-sectional and 6 cohort studies involving 81,791 individuals were included, comprising 17 high-quality studies and 2 medium-quality studies. We found that SB was significantly associated with an increased risk of CD [odds ratio (OR) = 1.69, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.47-1.94] or MCI (OR = 1.34, 95% CI: 1.14-1.56) among the elderly. Subgroup analysis stratified according to comorbidity, lifestyle, family structure, publication year, and region showed statistical differences between groups, and the consistency of the results revealed the sources of the heterogeneity. Conclusion This meta-analysis showed that SB is positively associated with the risk of CD or MCI in the elderly, providing a higher level of evidence for the promotion of healthy behaviors by clinicians and health policymakers. Due to the number and quality of the included articles, more high-quality longitudinal studies are needed to further confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-ye Cai
- Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Normal University Tianhua College, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo-ping Qian
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming-yang Zhang
- Faculty of Physical Culture, Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport, Gdańsk, Poland
- Department of Physical Education, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying-juan Da
- Department of Physical Education, Shanghai Normal University Tianhua College, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing-hong Liang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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22
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Xu Z, Zhang F, Qiu G, Shi Y, Yu D, Dai G, Zhu T. The causality of physical activity status and intelligence: A bidirectional Mendelian randomization study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289252. [PMID: 37527259 PMCID: PMC10393173 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational studies suggest physical activity (PA) enhances intelligence, while sedentary behavior (SB) poses a risk. However, causality remains unclear. METHODS We extracted genetic instruments from large genome-wide association studies summary data and employed an inverse-variance weighted (IVW) approach within a random-effects model as the primary method of Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to estimate the overall effect of various physical activity statuses on intelligence. To assess IVW stability and MR sensitivity, we also utilized supplementary methods including weighted median, MR-Egger, and MR-PRESSO. Furthermore, multivariable MR analysis was conducted to examine the independent effects of each physical activity trait on intelligence. RESULTS The MR primary results indicated that LST was negatively associated with intelligence (β = -0.133, 95%CI: -0.177 to -0.090, p = 1.34×10-9), while SBW (β = 0.261, 95% CI: 0.059 to 0.463, p = 0.011) may have a positive effect on intelligence; however, MVPA and SC did not show significant effects on intelligence. Inverse causality analyses demonstrated intelligence significantly influenced all physical activity states. CONCLUSIONS Our study highlights a bidirectional causal relationship between physical activity states and intelligence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangmeng Xu
- Department of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Furong Zhang
- Department of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Guorong Qiu
- Department of Physical Education, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Yushan Shi
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Duoduo Yu
- Department-2 of Neck Shoulder Back and Leg Pain, Sichuan Province Orthopedic Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Guogang Dai
- Department-2 of Neck Shoulder Back and Leg Pain, Sichuan Province Orthopedic Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Tianmin Zhu
- Department of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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23
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Wang Y, Han Q, Han X, Dong Y, Mao M, Wang C, Wang X, Tang S, Liu C, Li Y, Hou T, Cong L, Du Y, Qiu C. Objectively-measured movement behaviors, systemic low-grade inflammation, and plasma neurofilament light chain in older adults: a population-based study. Immun Ageing 2023; 20:36. [PMID: 37491244 PMCID: PMC10367375 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-023-00363-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence has linked self-reported sedentary behavior (SB) and physical activity (PA) with cognitive impairment; however, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. We examined the associations of the accelerometer-measured movement behaviors with plasma neurofilament light chain (NfL) among older adults and the role of systemic low-grade inflammation in the associations. RESULTS This population-based study included 1,029 dementia-free older adults (age ≥ 60 years, range 60-88 years; 59.48% women) who undertook the ActiGraph substudy (March 2018-December 2020) in MIND-China. There were nonlinear relationships of daily SB and PA time with plasma NfL concentration, such that more daily SB time or less time spent in daily light-intensity physical activity (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) was significantly associated with increased plasma NfL only when SB time ≥ 8.00 h/day or LPA time < 5.00 h/day or MVPA time < 2.00 h/day. Furthermore, more daily SB time or less daily LPA and MVPA time was significantly associated with higher serum low-grade inflammation score, a composite measure generated from serum IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, and ICAM-1 (P < 0.05). Finally, low-grade inflammation score accounted for 14.5% to 17.8% of the associations between movement behaviors and plasma NfL. CONCLUSIONS More daily SB and less PA time are associated with neurodegeneration and systemic low-grade inflammation in older adults. The association of movement behaviors with neurodegeneration is partially mediated by low-grade inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxiang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Research, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging in Shandong First Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Aging Research Center and Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet-Stockholm University, Karolinska Institutet, Tomtebodavägen 18A, 171 65, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Qi Han
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging in Shandong First Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolei Han
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging in Shandong First Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Dong
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging in Shandong First Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Mao
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging in Shandong First Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaoqun Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging in Shandong First Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging in Shandong First Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi Tang
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging in Shandong First Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuicui Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging in Shandong First Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanjing Li
- Aging Research Center and Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet-Stockholm University, Karolinska Institutet, Tomtebodavägen 18A, 171 65, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tingting Hou
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging in Shandong First Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Cong
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging in Shandong First Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifeng Du
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine Glucose & Lipids Metabolism and Brain Aging in Shandong First Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chengxuan Qiu
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, No. 324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
- Aging Research Center and Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet-Stockholm University, Karolinska Institutet, Tomtebodavägen 18A, 171 65, Solna, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Escobar AP, Bonansco C, Cruz G, Dagnino-Subiabre A, Fuenzalida M, Negrón I, Sotomayor-Zárate R, Martínez-Pinto J, Jorquera G. Central and Peripheral Inflammation: A Common Factor Causing Addictive and Neurological Disorders and Aging-Related Pathologies. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10083. [PMID: 37373230 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Many diseases and degenerative processes affecting the nervous system and peripheral organs trigger the activation of inflammatory cascades. Inflammation can be triggered by different environmental conditions or risk factors, including drug and food addiction, stress, and aging, among others. Several pieces of evidence show that the modern lifestyle and, more recently, the confinement associated with the COVID-19 pandemic have contributed to increasing the incidence of addictive and neuropsychiatric disorders, plus cardiometabolic diseases. Here, we gather evidence on how some of these risk factors are implicated in activating central and peripheral inflammation contributing to some neuropathologies and behaviors associated with poor health. We discuss the current understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the generation of inflammation and how these processes occur in different cells and tissues to promote ill health and diseases. Concomitantly, we discuss how some pathology-associated and addictive behaviors contribute to worsening these inflammation mechanisms, leading to a vicious cycle that promotes disease progression. Finally, we list some drugs targeting inflammation-related pathways that may have beneficial effects on the pathological processes associated with addictive, mental, and cardiometabolic illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica P Escobar
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Christian Bonansco
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Cruz
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Alexies Dagnino-Subiabre
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Marco Fuenzalida
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Ignacio Negrón
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Ramón Sotomayor-Zárate
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
| | - Jonathan Martínez-Pinto
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Gonzalo Jorquera
- Centro de Neurobiología y Fisiopatología Integrativa (CENFI), Instituto de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2360102, Chile
- Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7830490, Chile
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25
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Zhong Q, Zhou R, Huang YN, Chen HW, Liu HM, Huang Z, Yuan Z, Wu K, Cao BF, Liu K, Fan WD, Liang YQ, Wu XB. The independent and joint association of accelerometer-measured physical activity and sedentary time with dementia: a cohort study in the UK Biobank. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2023; 20:59. [PMID: 37198574 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-023-01464-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research on the association of physical activity and sedentary time with dementia is accumulating, though elusive, and the interaction effects of the two remain unclear. We analysed the joint associations of accelerometer-measured physical activity and sedentary time with risk of incident dementia (all-cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia). METHODS A total of 90,320 individuals from the UK Biobank were included. Accelerometer-measured total volume of physical activity (TPA) and sedentary time were measured at baseline and dichotomised by median (low TPA [< 27 milli-gravity (milli-g)], high TPA [≥ 27 milli-g]; low sedentary time [< 10.7 h/day], high sedentary time [≥ 10.7 h/day]). Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the joint associations with incident dementia on both additive and multiplicative scales. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 6.9 years, 501 cases of all-cause dementia were identified. Higher TPA was associated with a lower risk of all-cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia; the multivariate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) (95% CI) per 10 milli-g increase were 0.63 (0.55-0.71), 0.74 (0.60-0.90) and 0.69 (0.51-0.93), respectively. Sedentary time was only found to be linked to all-cause dementia, and the HR for high sedentary time was 1.03 (1.01-1.06) compared with that for low sedentary time. No additive and multiplicative relationship of TPA and sedentary time to incident dementia was found (all P values > 0.05). CONCLUSION Higher TPA level was related to a lower risk of incident dementia irrespective of sedentary time, which highlighted the implication of promoting physical activity participation to counteract the potential detrimental effect of sedentary time on dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhong
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), No. 1063-No.1023 of Shatai South Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), No. 1063-No.1023 of Shatai South Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yi-Ning Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), No. 1063-No.1023 of Shatai South Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Hao-Wen Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), No. 1063-No.1023 of Shatai South Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Hua-Min Liu
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiwei Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), No. 1063-No.1023 of Shatai South Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zelin Yuan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), No. 1063-No.1023 of Shatai South Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Keyi Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), No. 1063-No.1023 of Shatai South Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Bi-Fei Cao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), No. 1063-No.1023 of Shatai South Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Kuan Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), No. 1063-No.1023 of Shatai South Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Wei-Dong Fan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), No. 1063-No.1023 of Shatai South Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yong-Qi Liang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), No. 1063-No.1023 of Shatai South Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xian-Bo Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), No. 1063-No.1023 of Shatai South Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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26
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Feter N, de Paula D, dos Reis RCP, Alvim Matos SM, Barreto SM, Duncan BB, Schmidt MI. Association Between 24-Hour Movement Behavior and Cognitive Function in Brazilian Middle-Aged and Older Adults: Findings From the ELSA-Brasil. Innov Aging 2023; 7:igad030. [PMID: 37197282 PMCID: PMC10184510 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igad030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives The relationship between 24-hr movement behavior and specific domains of cognitive function is unclear. The purpose of this study was to identify the joint association of daily time spent in light (light-intensity physical activity [LPA]) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), sedentary behavior (SB), and sleep with cognitive function in middle-aged and older adults. Research Design and Methods Cross-sectional data from Wave 3 (2017-2019) of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health were analyzed. The study included adults aged 41-84 years old. Physical activity was assessed using a waist-worn accelerometer. Cognitive function was examined using standardized tests to assess memory, language, and Trail-Making test. Global cognitive function score was calculated by averaging domain-specific scores. Compositional isotemporal substitution models were performed to identify the association between the reallocation of time spent in LPA, MVPA, sleep, and SB with cognitive function. Results Participants (n = 8,608) were 55.9% female (mean age 58.9 [8.6] years). Reallocating time from SB to MVPA was associated with higher cognitive function: Reallocating 15 min to MVPA by reducing 5 min from each other behavior was associated with increased odds of better cognitive function in both insufficient (<7 hr/day; odds ratio [OR]: 0.64; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.54-0.77) and sufficient (≥7 hr/day; OR: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.58-0.67) sleep groups. Among those with insufficient sleep, reallocating time to MVPA and sleep from SB was associated with higher global cognitive performance. Discussion and Implications Small reductions in SB and increments in MVPA were associated with higher cognitive function in middle-aged and older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natan Feter
- Post Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Danilo de Paula
- Post Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Citton P dos Reis
- Post Graduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Statistics Department, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Sheila Maria Alvim Matos
- Post Graduate Program in Collective Health, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Sandhi Maria Barreto
- Faculdade de Medicina & Hospital das Clinicas/EBSERH, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Bruce Bartholow Duncan
- Post Graduate Program in Epidemiology and Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
| | - Maria Inês Schmidt
- Post Graduate Program in Epidemiology and Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
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Rajado AT, Silva N, Esteves F, Brito D, Binnie A, Araújo IM, Nóbrega C, Bragança J, Castelo-Branco P. How can we modulate aging through nutrition and physical exercise? An epigenetic approach. Aging (Albany NY) 2023. [DOI: https:/doi.org/10.18632/aging.204668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Teresa Rajado
- Algarve Biomedical Center, Research Institute (ABC-RI), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
| | - Nádia Silva
- Algarve Biomedical Center, Research Institute (ABC-RI), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
| | - Filipa Esteves
- Algarve Biomedical Center, Research Institute (ABC-RI), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
| | - David Brito
- Algarve Biomedical Center, Research Institute (ABC-RI), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Binnie
- Algarve Biomedical Center, Research Institute (ABC-RI), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Department of Critical Care, William Osler Health System, Etobicoke, Ontario, Canada
| | - Inês M. Araújo
- Algarve Biomedical Center, Research Institute (ABC-RI), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Champalimaud Research Program, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Clévio Nóbrega
- Algarve Biomedical Center, Research Institute (ABC-RI), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Champalimaud Research Program, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José Bragança
- Algarve Biomedical Center, Research Institute (ABC-RI), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Champalimaud Research Program, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro Castelo-Branco
- Algarve Biomedical Center, Research Institute (ABC-RI), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Champalimaud Research Program, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
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Rajado AT, Silva N, Esteves F, Brito D, Binnie A, Araújo IM, Nóbrega C, Bragança J, Castelo-Branco P. How can we modulate aging through nutrition and physical exercise? An epigenetic approach. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:3191-3217. [PMID: 37086262 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
The World Health Organization predicts that by 2050, 2.1 billion people worldwide will be over 60 years old, a drastic increase from only 1 billion in 2019. Considering these numbers, strategies to ensure an extended "healthspan" or healthy longevity are urgently needed. The present study approaches the promotion of healthspan from an epigenetic perspective. Epigenetic phenomena are modifiable in response to an individual's environmental exposures, and therefore link an individual's environment to their gene expression pattern. Epigenetic studies demonstrate that aging is associated with decondensation of the chromatin, leading to an altered heterochromatin structure, which promotes the accumulation of errors. In this review, we describe how aging impacts epigenetics and how nutrition and physical exercise can positively impact the aging process, from an epigenetic point of view. Canonical histones are replaced by histone variants, concomitant with an increase in histone post-translational modifications. A slight increase in DNA methylation at promoters has been observed, which represses transcription of previously active genes, in parallel with global genome hypomethylation. Aging is also associated with deregulation of gene expression - usually provided by non-coding RNAs - leading to both the repression of previously transcribed genes and to the transcription of previously repressed genes. Age-associated epigenetic events are less common in individuals with a healthy lifestyle, including balanced nutrition, caloric restriction and physical exercise. Healthy aging is associated with more tightly condensed chromatin, fewer PTMs and greater regulation by ncRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Teresa Rajado
- Algarve Biomedical Center, Research Institute (ABC-RI), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
| | - Nádia Silva
- Algarve Biomedical Center, Research Institute (ABC-RI), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
| | - Filipa Esteves
- Algarve Biomedical Center, Research Institute (ABC-RI), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
| | - David Brito
- Algarve Biomedical Center, Research Institute (ABC-RI), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Binnie
- Algarve Biomedical Center, Research Institute (ABC-RI), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Department of Critical Care, William Osler Health System, Etobicoke, Ontario, Canada
| | - Inês M Araújo
- Algarve Biomedical Center, Research Institute (ABC-RI), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Champalimaud Research Program, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Clévio Nóbrega
- Algarve Biomedical Center, Research Institute (ABC-RI), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Champalimaud Research Program, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - José Bragança
- Algarve Biomedical Center, Research Institute (ABC-RI), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Champalimaud Research Program, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro Castelo-Branco
- Algarve Biomedical Center, Research Institute (ABC-RI), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Algarve Biomedical Center (ABC), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (FMCB), University of Algarve Campus Gambelas, Faro 8005-139, Portugal
- Champalimaud Research Program, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
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Chaput JP, Janssen I, Lang JJ, Sampasa-Kanyinga H. Economic burden of excessive sedentary behaviour in Canada. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH = REVUE CANADIENNE DE SANTE PUBLIQUE 2023; 114:165-174. [PMID: 36696033 PMCID: PMC9875753 DOI: 10.17269/s41997-022-00729-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To estimate health care and health-related productivity costs associated with excessive sedentary behaviour (> 8 h/day and > 9 h/day) in Canadian adults. METHODS Three pieces of information were used to estimate costs: (1) the pooled relative risk estimates of adverse health outcomes consistently shown to be associated with excessive sedentary behaviour, gathered from meta-analyses of prospective cohort studies; (2) the prevalence of excessive sedentary behaviour in Canadian men and women, obtained using waist-worn accelerometry in a nationally representative sample of adults (Canadian Health Measures Survey 2018-2019); and (3) the direct (health care) and indirect (lost productivity due to premature mortality) costs of the adverse health outcomes, selected using the Economic Burden of Illness in Canada 2010 data. The 2010 costs were then adjusted to 2021 costs to account for inflation, population growth, and higher average earnings. A Monte Carlo simulation was conducted to account for uncertainty in the model. RESULTS The total costs of excessive sedentary behaviour in Canada were $2.2 billion (8 h/day cut-point) and $1.8 billion (9 h/day cut-point) in 2021, representing 1.6% and 1.3% of the overall burden of illness costs, respectively. The two most expensive chronic diseases attributable to excessive sedentary behaviour were cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. A 10% decrease in excessive sedentary behaviour (from 87.7% to 77.7%) would save an estimated $219 million per year in costs. CONCLUSION Excessive sedentary behaviour significantly contributes to the economic burden of illness in Canada. There is a need for evidence-based and cost-effective strategies that reduce excessive sedentary behaviour in the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe Chaput
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, CHEO Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8L1, Canada.
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Ian Janssen
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Justin J Lang
- Centre for Surveillance and Applied Research, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hugues Sampasa-Kanyinga
- Healthy Active Living and Obesity Research Group, CHEO Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8L1, Canada
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Mulgrave VE, Alsayegh AA, Jaldi A, Omire-Mayor DT, James N, Ntekim O, Walters E, Akala EO, Allard JS. Exercise modulates APOE expression in brain cortex of female APOE3 and APOE4 targeted replacement mice. Neuropeptides 2023; 97:102307. [PMID: 36434832 PMCID: PMC9839612 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2022.102307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) is the main cholesterol carrier of the brain and the ε4 gene variant (APOE4) is the most prevalent genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), increasing risk up to 15-fold. Several studies indicate that APOE4 modulates critical factors for neuronal function, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α). Both proteins show exercise-induced upregulation, which is presumed to mediate many of the beneficial effects of physical activity including improved cognition; however, there is variability in results between individuals potentially in-part due to genetic variations including APOE isoform. This study aimed to determine if the two most prevalent human APOE isoforms influence adaptive responses to exercise-training. Targeted replacement mice, homozygous for either APOE3 or APOE4 were randomized into exercised and sedentary groups. Baseline locomotor function and voluntary wheel-running behavior was reduced in APOE4 mice. Exercised groups were subjected to daily treadmill running for 8 weeks. ApoE protein in brain cortex was significantly increased by exercise in both genotypes. PGC-1α mRNA levels in brain cortex were significantly lower in APOE4 mice, and only tended to increase with exercise in both genotypes. Hippocampal BDNF protein were similar between genotypes and was not significantly modulated by treadmill running. Behavioral and biochemical variations between APOE3 and APOE4 mice likely contribute to the differential risk for neurological and vascular diseases and the exercise-induced increase in ApoE levels suggests an added feature of the potential efficacy of physical activity as a preventative and therapeutic strategy for neurogenerative processes in both genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verona E Mulgrave
- Dept. of Nutritional Sciences, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Abdulrahman A Alsayegh
- Dept. of Nutritional Sciences, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA; Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aida Jaldi
- Dept of Physiology & Biophysics, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Niaya James
- Dept of Physiology & Biophysics, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Oyonumo Ntekim
- Dept. of Nutritional Sciences, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Eric Walters
- Dept. of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Emanuel O Akala
- Dept of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Joanne S Allard
- Dept of Physiology & Biophysics, College of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA.
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Park SY, Setiawan VW, White LR, Wu AH, Cheng I, Haiman CA, Wilkens LR, Le Marchand L, Lim U. Modifying effects of race and ethnicity and APOE on the association of physical activity with risk of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:507-517. [PMID: 35476309 PMCID: PMC9810117 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We investigated whether the protective association of physical activity with risk of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) has genetic or behavioral variations. METHODS In the Multiethnic Cohort, we analyzed moderate or vigorous physical activity (MVPA) reported at ages 45 to 75 among 88,047 participants in relation to 13,039 incident diagnoses of late-onset ADRD identified in Medicare claims (1999 to 2014), by five racial and ethnic groups, hours sitting, and in a subset (16%), apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype. RESULTS MVPA was inversely associated with ADRD (hazard ratio for ≥14 vs <2.5 hours/week: 0.83, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.76 to 0.90 in men; 0.88, 5% CI: 0.81 to 0.95 in women). The association was inverse in all racial and ethnic groups except Black participants (P-heterogeneity = 0.52), but stronger in individuals with lower levels of sitting duration or those who do not carry the APOE e4 risk allele. DISCUSSION The different effects of physical activity by sitting duration and APOE genotype warrant further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Yi Park
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Veronica Wendy Setiawan
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Lon R. White
- Pacific Health Research and Education Institute, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA,Department of Geriatric Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Anna H. Wu
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Iona Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Christopher A. Haiman
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Lynne R. Wilkens
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Loїc Le Marchand
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - Unhee Lim
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
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Loggia G, Pellichero A, Moutoussamy I, Morello R, Pothier K, Chavoix C. The PAPA Questionnaire: Assessment of Long-Term Engagement in Activities, with Separate Quantification of Their Physical, Cognitive, and Social Components. Clin Interv Aging 2023; 18:327-341. [PMID: 36891133 PMCID: PMC9987237 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s377917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Engagement in activities promotes healthy living. Evaluating it is a challenging issue. Assessing engagement in activities while differentiating the physical, cognitive, and social component of each activity and taking into account the intensity level involved in each of the three components would be very relevant. Since none of the currently available cognitive reserve and questionnaires on the activities practiced takes into consideration both points, the purpose of this new questionnaire, called Pertinent Activities Practice in Adults (PAPA) questionnaire, is to fill these gaps. Patients and Methods The questionnaire was developed through a literature review and interviews with older adults (n=177 ≥55 years). The intensity level of each item (none, light, moderate, or high) was determined by the compendium of physical activities for the physical component and consensus for the cognitive and social components, then validated by 56 professional experts (6 groups: physiotherapists, neuropsychologists, occupational therapists, geriatricians, etc.). Results The PAPA questionnaire includes 75 items that give rise to 4 scores (sedentary lifestyle and physical, cognitive, and social activity scores) weighted by the frequency, duration, and intensity level for each component. The weighted percentage of agreement of the expert groups for the intensity levels was never significantly lower than the minimum target threshold (80% of the hypothetical median) except in a single domain (cognitive) for an expert group non-specialized in cognition. Cronbach's alpha was ≥0.85. Conclusion This questionnaire, which assesses long-term engagement in activities, with separate quantification of the physical, cognitive, and social components of a wide range of activities, should help guide actions to promote healthy aging and reduce dementia risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles Loggia
- COMETE, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, Caen, 14000, France.,Department of Geriatrics, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie, Caen, 14000, France
| | - Alice Pellichero
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation and Social Integration (Cirris), Centre Intégré Universitaire de Santé et de Services Sociaux de la Capitale-Nationale (CIUSSS-CN), Quebec City, QC, G1M 2S8, Canada
| | - Ilona Moutoussamy
- EA 2114, Psychologie des Âges de la Vie et Adaptation, University of Tours, Tours, 37000, France.,UMR CNRS 7295, Centre de Recherche sur la Cognition et l'Apprentissage, University of Tours and University of Poitiers, Tours, 37000, France
| | - Rémy Morello
- Department of Statistics and Clinical Research, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CHU de Caen Normandie, Caen, 14000, France
| | - Kristell Pothier
- COMETE, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, Caen, 14000, France.,EA 2114, Psychologie des Âges de la Vie et Adaptation, University of Tours, Tours, 37000, France
| | - Chantal Chavoix
- COMETE, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, INSERM, Caen, 14000, France
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Larsson LE, Wang R, Cederholm T, Wiggenraad F, Rydén M, Hagman G, Hellénius ML, Kivipelto M, Thunborg C. Association of Sarcopenia and Its Defining Components with the Degree of Cognitive Impairment in a Memory Clinic Population. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 96:777-788. [PMID: 37899056 PMCID: PMC10657697 DOI: 10.3233/jad-221186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia and cognitive impairment are two leading causes of disabilities. OBJECTIVE The objective was to examine the prevalence of sarcopenia and investigate the association between sarcopenia diagnostic components (muscle strength, muscle mass, and physical performance) and cognitive impairment in memory clinic patients. METHODS 368 patients were included (age 59.0±7.25 years, women: 58.7%), displaying three clinical phenotypes of cognitive impairments, i.e., subjective cognitive impairment (SCI, 57%), mild cognitive impairment (MCI, 26%), and Alzheimer's disease (AD, 17%). Sarcopenia was defined according to diagnostic algorithm recommended by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People. Components of sarcopenia were grip strength, bioelectrical impedance analysis, and gait speed. They were further aggregated into a score (0-3 points) by counting the numbers of limited components. Multi-nominal logistic regression was applied. RESULTS Probable sarcopenia (i.e., reduced grip strength) was observed in 9.6% of the patients, and 3.5% were diagnosed with sarcopenia. Patients with faster gait speed showed less likelihood of MCI (odds ratio [OR]: 0.24, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.06-0.90) and AD (OR: 0.12, 95% CI: 0.03-0.60). One or more limited sarcopenia components was associated with worse cognitive function. After adjusting for potential confounders, the association remained significant only for AD (OR 4.29, 95% CI 1.45-11.92). CONCLUSION The results indicate a connection between the sarcopenia components and cognitive impairments. Limitations in the sarcopenia measures, especially slow walking speed, were related to poorer cognitive outcomes. More investigationsare required to further verify the causal relationship between sarcopenia and cognitive outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liss Elin Larsson
- Theme Inflammation and Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- The Swedish School of Sport and Health Science, GIH, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rui Wang
- The Swedish School of Sport and Health Science, GIH, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neurobiology, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Tommy Cederholm
- Theme Inflammation and Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fleur Wiggenraad
- Theme Inflammation and Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neurobiology, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marie Rydén
- Theme Inflammation and Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Göran Hagman
- Theme Inflammation and Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neurobiology, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Miia Kivipelto
- Theme Inflammation and Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neurobiology, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- The Ageing Epidemiology Research Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotta Thunborg
- Theme Inflammation and Aging, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neurobiology, Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Mälardalen University Department of Health and Welfare, Sweden
- Department of Caring Sciences, Faculty of Health and Occupational Studies, University of Gävle, Sweden
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Liang H, Yin X, Chen T, Zhang Y, Zhang Q, Lin J, Yin H, Tang J, He Y, Xia P, Zhu Y, Li H, Mo Y, Li Y, Wang Y, Yang X, Hu Z. Excessive Sedentary Time Is Associated with Cognitive Decline in Older Patients with Minor Ischemic Stroke. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 96:173-181. [PMID: 37742637 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive impairment is commonly seen after acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Sedentary behaviors increase the risk of dementia among community dwelling population. OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the association of sedentary behaviors with poststroke cognitive impairment among older adults with minor AIS. METHODS This cohort study recruited 594 older subjects with minor AIS from three hospitals in China during February 1, 2016, and December 31, 2018. Participants were followed up for two years and the sedentary time per day was self-reported at the end of follow-up. Cognitive functions were assessed by Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Participants were categorized into the high and low sedentary time group according to the median sedentary time of the participants. RESULTS At two years of follow-up, the long sedentary time group had significantly lower MMSE scores than the short sedentary time group [median, (IQR): 21 (18 to 25) versus 22 (18 to 25), p = 0.368]. The long sedentary time group had a higher speed of cognitive decline than the short sedentary time group. Excessive sedentary time was associated with a higher risk of longitudinal cognitive decline (OR: 2.267, 95% CI: 1.594 to 3.225), adjusting for age, sex, education, body mass index, APOE genotype, comorbidities, symptoms of depression, anxiety, and insomnia, baseline MMSE scores and National Institute of Health Stroke Scale scores, cognitive therapy, and TOAST ischemic stroke subtypes. CONCLUSIONS This study identified a possible link between sedentary behaviors and longitudinal cognitive decline among older patients with minor AIS, suggesting that reducing sedentary time might be helpful for preventing poststroke dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Liang
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Chongqing Hechuan, Chongqing, China
| | | | - Tian Chen
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Chongqing Hechuan, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Chongqing Hechuan, Chongqing, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Chongqing Hechuan, Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Lin
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Chongqing Hechuan, Chongqing, China
| | - Huan Yin
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Chongqing Hechuan, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinghua Tang
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Chongqing Hechuan, Chongqing, China
| | - Yingyi He
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Chongqing Hechuan, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Xia
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Chongqing Hechuan, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongping Zhu
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Chongqing Hechuan, Chongqing, China
| | - Haihua Li
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Chongqing Hechuan, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongbiao Mo
- Department of Emergency, People's Hospital of Chongqing Hechuan, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongyong Li
- Department of Gerontology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Neuroscience Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Diagnosis and Treatment Engineering Technology Research Center of Nervous System Diseases of Ningxia, Yinchuan, China
| | - Zicheng Hu
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Chongqing Hechuan, Chongqing, China
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Kent DM, Leung LY, Zhou Y, Luetmer PH, Kallmes DF, Nelson J, Fu S, Puttock EJ, Zheng C, Liu H, Chen W. Association of Incidentally Discovered Covert Cerebrovascular Disease Identified Using Natural Language Processing and Future Dementia. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 12:e027672. [PMID: 36565208 PMCID: PMC9973577 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.027672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Covert cerebrovascular disease (CCD) has been shown to be associated with dementia in population-based studies with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) screening, but dementia risk associated with incidentally discovered CCD is not known. Methods and Results Individuals aged ≥50 years enrolled in the Kaiser Permanente Southern California health system receiving head computed tomography (CT) or MRI for nonstroke indications from 2009 to 2019, without prior ischemic stroke/transient ischemic attack, dementia/Alzheimer disease, or visit reason/scan indication suggestive of cognitive decline or stroke were included. Natural language processing identified incidentally discovered covert brain infarction (id-CBI) and white matter disease (id-WMD) on the neuroimage report; white matter disease was characterized as mild, moderate, severe, or undetermined. We estimated risk of dementia associated with id-CBI and id-WMD. Among 241 050 qualified individuals, natural language processing identified 69 931 (29.0%) with id-WMD and 11 328 (4.7%) with id-CBI. Dementia incidence rates (per 1000 person-years) were 23.5 (95% CI, 22.9-24.0) for patients with id-WMD, 29.4 (95% CI, 27.9-31.0) with id-CBI, and 6.0 (95% CI, 5.8-6.2) without id-CCD. The association of id-WMD with future dementia was stronger in younger (aged <70 years) versus older (aged ≥70 years) patients and for CT- versus MRI-discovered lesions. For patients with versus without id-WMD on CT, the adjusted HR was 2.87 (95% CI, 2.58-3.19) for older and 1.87 (95% CI, 1.79-1.95) for younger patients. For patients with versus without id-WMD on MRI, the adjusted HR for dementia risk was 2.28 (95% CI, 1.99-2.62) for older and 1.48 (95% CI, 1.32-1.66) for younger patients. The adjusted HR for id-CBI was 2.02 (95% CI, 1.70-2.41) for older and 1.22 (95% CI, 1.15-1.30) for younger patients for either modality. Dementia risk was strongly correlated with id-WMD severity; adjusted HRs compared with patients who were negative for id-WMD by MRI ranged from 1.41 (95% CI, 1.25-1.60) for those with mild disease on MRI to 4.11 (95% CI, 3.58-4.72) for those with severe disease on CT. Conclusions Incidentally discovered CCD is common and associated with a high risk of dementia, representing an opportunity for prevention. The association is strengthened when discovered at younger age, by increasing id-WMD severity, and when id-WMD is detected by CT scan rather than MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M. Kent
- Predictive Analytics and Comparative Effectiveness Center, Tufts Medical CenterBostonMA
| | | | - Yichen Zhou
- Department of Research and EvaluationKaiser Permanente Southern CaliforniaPasadenaCA
| | | | | | - Jason Nelson
- Predictive Analytics and Comparative Effectiveness Center, Tufts Medical CenterBostonMA
| | - Sunyang Fu
- Department of AI and InformaticsMayo ClinicRochesterMN
| | - Eric J. Puttock
- Department of Research and EvaluationKaiser Permanente Southern CaliforniaPasadenaCA
| | - Chengyi Zheng
- Department of Research and EvaluationKaiser Permanente Southern CaliforniaPasadenaCA
| | - Hongfang Liu
- Department of AI and InformaticsMayo ClinicRochesterMN
| | - Wansu Chen
- Department of Research and EvaluationKaiser Permanente Southern CaliforniaPasadenaCA
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Sun Y, Chen C, Yu Y, Zhang H, Tan X, Zhang J, Qi L, Lu Y, Wang N. Replacement of leisure-time sedentary behavior with various physical activities and the risk of dementia incidence and mortality: A prospective cohort study. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2022; 12:287-294. [PMID: 36379419 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2022.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether or not there is targeted pharmacotherapy for dementia, an active and healthy lifestyle that includes physical activity (PA) may be a better option than medication for preventing dementia. We examined the association between leisure-time sedentary behavior (SB) and the risk of dementia incidence and mortality. We further quantified the effect on dementia risk of replacing sedentary time with an equal amount of time spent on different physical activities. METHODS In the UK Biobank, 484,169 participants (mean age 56.5 years; 45.2% men) free of dementia were followed from baseline (2006-2010) through July 30, 2021. A standard questionnaire measured individual leisure-time SB (watching TV, computer use, and driving) and PA (walking for pleasure, light and heavy do-it-yourself activity, strenuous sports, and other exercise) frequency and duration in the 4 weeks prior to evaluation. Apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype data were available for a subset of 397,519 (82.1%) individuals. A Cox proportional hazard model and an isotemporal substitution model were used in this study. RESULTS During a median 12.4 years of follow-up, 6904 all-cause dementia cases and 2115 deaths from dementia were recorded. In comparison to participants with leisure-time SB <5 h/day, the hazard ratio ((HR), 95% confidence interval (95%CI)) of dementia incidence was 1.07 (1.02-1.13) for 5-8 h/day and 1.25 (1.13-1.38) for >8 h/day, and the HR of dementia mortality was 1.35 (1.12-1.61) for >8 h/day. A 1 standard deviation increment of sedentary time (2.33 h/day) was strongly associated with a higher incidence of dementia and mortality (HR = 1.06, 95%CI: 1.03-1.08 and HR = 1.07, 95%CI: 1.03-1.12, respectively). The association between sedentary time and the risk of developing dementia was more profound in subjects <60 years than in those ≥60 years (HR = 1.26, 95%CI: 1.00-1.58 vs. HR =1.21, 95%CI: 1.08-1.35 in >8 h/day, p for interaction = 0.013). Replacing 30 min/day of leisure sedentary time with an equal time spent in total PA was associated with a 6% decreased risk and 9% decreased mortality from dementia, with exercise (e.g., swimming, cycling, aerobics, bowling) showing the strongest benefit (HR = 0.82, 95%CI: 0.78-0.86 and HR = 0.79, 95%CI: 0.72-0.86). Compared with APOE ε4 noncarriers, APOE ε4 carriers are more likely to see a decrease in Alzheimer's disease incidence and mortality when PA is substituted for SB. CONCLUSION Leisure-time SB was positively associated with the risk of dementia incidence and mortality. Replacing sedentary time with equal time spent doing PA may be associated with a significant reduction in dementia incidence and mortality risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Sun
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Chi Chen
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yuetian Yu
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Haojie Zhang
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Xiao Tan
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala 751 85, Sweden; School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jihui Zhang
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Medicine, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | - Lu Qi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Yingli Lu
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China.
| | - Ningjian Wang
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China.
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Wood TR, Turknett J. Is the lack of appropriate cognitive demand the primary driver of dementia risk? LIFESTYLE MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/lim2.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R. Wood
- Department of Pediatrics University of Washington Seattle Washington USA
- Institute for Human and Machine Cognition Pensacola Florida USA
| | - Josh Turknett
- Brainjo Center for Neurology and Cognitive Enhancement Atlanta Georgia USA
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Huang SY, Li YZ, Zhang YR, Huang YY, Wu BS, Zhang W, Deng YT, Chen SD, He XY, Chen SF, Dong Q, Zhang C, Chen RJ, Suckling J, Rolls ET, Feng JF, Cheng W, Yu JT. Sleep, physical activity, sedentary behavior, and risk of incident dementia: a prospective cohort study of 431,924 UK Biobank participants. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:4343-4354. [PMID: 35701596 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01655-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although sleep, physical activity and sedentary behavior have been found to be associated with dementia risk, findings are inconsistent and their joint relationship remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate independent and joint associations of these three modifiable behaviors with dementia risks. A total of 431,924 participants (median follow-up 9.0 years) without dementia from UK Biobank were included. Multiple Cox regressions were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Models fitted with restricted cubic spline were conducted to test for linear and nonlinear shapes of each association. Sleep duration, leisure-time physical activity (LTPA), and screen-based sedentary behavior individually associated with dementia risks in different non-linear patterns. Sleep duration associated with dementia in a U-shape with a nadir at 7 h/day. LTPA revealed a curvilinear relationship with dementia in diminishing tendency, while sedentary behavior revealed a J-shaped relationship. The dementia risk was 17% lower in the high LTPA group (HR[95%CI]: 0.83[0.76-0.91]) and 22% higher in the high sedentary behavior group (1.22[1.10-1.35]) compared to the corresponding low-level group, respectively. A combination of seven-hour/day sleep, moderate-to-high LTPA, and low-to-moderate sedentary behavior showed the lowest dementia risk (0.59[0.50-0.69]) compared to the referent group (longer or shorter sleep/low LTPA/high sedentary behavior). Notably, each behavior was non-linearly associated with brain structures in a pattern similar to its association with dementia, suggesting they may affect dementia risk by affecting brain structures. Our findings highlight the potential to change these three daily behaviors individually and simultaneously to reduce the risk of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Yi Huang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Zhu Li
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya-Ru Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Yuan Huang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bang-Sheng Wu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue-Ting Deng
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-Dong Chen
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Yu He
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-Fen Chen
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Dong
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Can Zhang
- Genetics and Aging Research Unit, McCance Center for Brain Health, Mass General Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases (MIND), Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Ren-Jie Chen
- School of Public Health, Key Lab of Public Health Safety of the Ministry of Education and Key Lab of Health Technology Assessment of the Ministry of Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - John Suckling
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Edmund T Rolls
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Oxford Centre for Computational Neuroscience, Oxford, UK
- Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Jian-Feng Feng
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.
- Fudan ISTBI-ZJNU Algorithm Centre for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China.
- Shanghai Medical College and Zhongshan Hospital Immunotherapy Technology Transfer Center, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jin-Tai Yu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Daniele A, Lucas SJE, Rendeiro C. Detrimental effects of physical inactivity on peripheral and brain vasculature in humans: Insights into mechanisms, long-term health consequences and protective strategies. Front Physiol 2022; 13:998380. [PMID: 36237532 PMCID: PMC9553009 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.998380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing prevalence of physical inactivity in the population highlights the urgent need for a more comprehensive understanding of how sedentary behaviour affects health, the mechanisms involved and what strategies are effective in counteracting its negative effects. Physical inactivity is an independent risk factor for different pathologies including atherosclerosis, hypertension and cardiovascular disease. It is known to progressively lead to reduced life expectancy and quality of life, and it is the fourth leading risk factor for mortality worldwide. Recent evidence indicates that uninterrupted prolonged sitting and short-term inactivity periods impair endothelial function (measured by flow-mediated dilation) and induce arterial structural alterations, predominantly in the lower body vasculature. Similar effects may occur in the cerebral vasculature, with recent evidence showing impairments in cerebral blood flow following prolonged sitting. The precise molecular and physiological mechanisms underlying inactivity-induced vascular dysfunction in humans are yet to be fully established, although evidence to date indicates that it may involve modulation of shear stress, inflammatory and vascular biomarkers. Despite the steady increase in sedentarism in our societies, only a few intervention strategies have been investigated for their efficacy in counteracting the associated vascular impairments. The current review provides a comprehensive overview of the evidence linking acute and short-term physical inactivity to detrimental effects on peripheral, central and cerebral vascular health in humans. We further examine the underlying molecular and physiological mechanisms and attempt to link these to long-term consequences for cardiovascular health. Finally, we summarize and discuss the efficacy of lifestyle interventions in offsetting the negative consequences of physical inactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Daniele
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel J. E. Lucas
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Catarina Rendeiro
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Catarina Rendeiro,
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40
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Turknett J, Wood TR. Demand Coupling Drives Neurodegeneration: A Model of Age-Related Cognitive Decline and Dementia. Cells 2022; 11:2789. [PMID: 36139364 PMCID: PMC9496827 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The societal burden of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) and other major forms of dementia continues to grow, and multiple pharmacological agents directed towards modifying the pathological "hallmarks" of AD have yielded disappointing results. Though efforts continue towards broadening and deepening our knowledge and understanding of the mechanistic and neuropathological underpinnings of AD, our previous failures motivate a re-examination of how we conceptualize AD pathology and progression. In addition to not yielding effective treatments, the phenotypically heterogeneous biological processes that have been the primary area of focus to date have not been adequately shown to be necessary or sufficient to explain the risk and progression of AD. On the other hand, a growing body of evidence indicates that lifestyle and environment represent the ultimate level of causation for AD and age-related cognitive decline. Specifically, the decline in cognitive demands over the lifespan plays a central role in driving the structural and functional deteriorations of the brain. In the absence of adequate cognitive stimulus, physiological demand-function coupling leads to downregulation of growth, repair, and homeostatic processes, resulting in deteriorating brain tissue health, function, and capacity. In this setting, the heterogeneity of associated neuropathological tissue hallmarks then occurs as a consequence of an individual's genetic and environmental background and are best considered downstream markers of the disease process rather than specific targets for direct intervention. In this manuscript we outline the evidence for a demand-driven model of age-related cognitive decline and dementia and why it mandates a holistic approach to dementia treatment and prevention that incorporates the primary upstream role of cognitive demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh Turknett
- Brainjo Center for Neurology and Cognitive Enhancement, Atlanta, GA 30076, USA
| | - Thomas R. Wood
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Institute for Human and Machine Cognition, Pensacola, FL 32502, USA
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Nakata Y. Associations Among Dementia, Physical Activity, and Sedentary Behavior: Different Roles of Total and Sub-domains. J Epidemiol 2022. [PMID: 35871576 PMCID: PMC10319528 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20220148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Nakata
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba
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42
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Cao Z, Xu C, Zhang P, Wang Y. Associations of sedentary time and physical activity with adverse health conditions: Outcome-wide analyses using isotemporal substitution model. EClinicalMedicine 2022; 48:101424. [PMID: 35516443 PMCID: PMC9065298 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As one of the most common lifestyles today, sedentary behaviour is a risk factor for many health conditions. To inform potential behavioural guideline development, we aimed to estimate the theoretical effects of replacing sedentary behaviour with different intensity of physical activity on risks of 45 common non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Methods A total of 360,047 participants (aged 37-73 years) in the UK Biobank free of the 45 common non-communicable diseases (NCDs) were included. Information on sedentary time (sum of television watching, computer using and driving behaviour) and physical activity (measured by International Physical Activity Questionnaire questionnaire) were collected by self-reported at baseline. Participants were followed up for 45 NCDs diagnosis according to the ICD-10 code using linkage to national health records until 2020. Isotemporal substitution models were used to investigate substituting sedentary time with light physical activity (LPA), moderate physical activity (MPA) and vigorous physical activity (VPA) after adjusting for potential confounders. Finding Participants who reported > 6 h/day compared with ≤ 2 h/day sedentary time had higher risks of 12 (26.7%) of 45 NCDs, including ischemic heart disease, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, chronic kidney disease, chronic liver disease, thyroid disorder, depression, migraine, gout, rheumatoid arthritis and diverticular disease. Theoretically, replacing sedentary time with equivalent LPA, MPA and VPA was associated with risk reductions in 4, 6 and 10 types of NCDs, respectively. Among long sedentary time (> 6 h/day), replacing 1 h/day sedentary time with equivalent VPA showed stronger associations with 5 NCDs (diabetes, depression, chronic liver disease, diverticular disease and sleep disorder), with a larger risk reduction of 11%-31%. Interpretation Sedentary time is associated with multiple adverse health conditions, replacing sedentary time with any equivalent amounts of VPA than LPA and MPA could be associated with risk reductions of more types of NCDs. Funding National Natural Science Foundation of China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Cao
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chenjie Xu
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pengjie Zhang
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaogang Wang
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Assessment of Bidirectional Relationships between Leisure Sedentary Behaviors and Neuropsychiatric Disorders: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13060962. [PMID: 35741723 PMCID: PMC9223103 DOI: 10.3390/genes13060962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Increasing evidence shows that sedentary behaviors are associated with neuropsychiatric disorders (NPDs) and thus may be a modifiable factor to target for the prevention of NPDs. However, the direction and causality for the relationship remain unknown; sedentary behaviors could increase or decrease the risk of NPDs, and/or NPDs may increase or decrease engagement in sedentary behaviors. (2) Methods: This Mendelian randomization (MR) study with two samples included independent genetic variants related to sedentary behaviors (n = 408,815), Alzheimer's disease (AD; n = 63,926), schizophrenia (SCZ; n = 105,318), and major depressive disorder (MDD; n = 500,199), which were extracted from several of the largest non-overlapping genome-wide association studies (GWASs), as instrumental variables. The summarized MR effect sizes from each instrumental variable were combined in an IVW (inverse-variance-weighted) approach, with various approaches (e.g., MR-Egger, weighted median, MR-pleiotropy residual sum and outlier), and sensitivity analyses were performed to identify and remove outliers and assess the horizontal pleiotropy. (3) Results: The MR evidence and linkage disequilibrium score regression revealed a consistent directional association between television watching and MDD (odds ratio (OR), 1.13 for MDD per one standard deviation (SD) increase in mean television watching time; 95% CI, 1.06-1.20; p = 6.80 × 10-5) and a consistent relationship between computer use and a decrease in the risk of AD (OR, 0.52 for AD per one SD increase in mean computer use time; 95% CI, 0.32-0.84; p = 8.20 × 10-3). In the reverse direction, MR showed a causal association between a reduced risk of SCZ and an increase in driving time (β, -0.016; 95% CI, -0.027--0.004; p = 8.30 × 10-3). (4) Conclusions: Using genetic instrumental variables identified from large-scale GWASs, we found robust evidence for a causal relationship between long computer use time and a reduced risk of AD, and for a causal relationship between long television watching time and an increased risk of MDD. In reverse analyses, we found that SCZ was causally associated with reduced driving time. These findings fit in with our observations and prior knowledge as well as emphasizing the importance of distinguishing between different domains of sedentary behaviors in epidemiologic studies of NPDs.
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Baek MS, Kim HK, Han K, Kwon HS, Na HK, Lyoo CH, Cho H. Annual Trends in the Incidence and Prevalence of Alzheimer's Disease in South Korea: A Nationwide Cohort Study. Front Neurol 2022; 13:883549. [PMID: 35665039 PMCID: PMC9160364 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.883549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent studies suggesting a declining incidence and prevalence of dementia on a global scale, epidemiologic results with respect to Alzheimer's disease (AD) are lacking due to the methodological limitations inherent to conducting large-scale cohort investigations of this topic. The aim of the current study was to investigate the incidence and prevalence of AD in Korea. We conducted a secondary analysis within the National Health Insurance System (NHIS) database, a unique resource that reports medical information for the entire Korean population. AD diagnoses as well as evaluations of vascular risks were defined based on International Statistical Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) codes along with prescription records. The cut-off age for diagnosing AD was defined as the age of the patient's highest Youden index. In this study, the incidence and prevalence of AD in the Korean population aged 40 years or older showed an overall increase between 2006 and 2015. Although both older and younger age groups showed an increase in the incidence and prevalence of AD, the highest increase was observed in older age groups. Based on the highest Youden's index value (sensitivity + specificity – 1), the cut-off value for the diagnosis of AD was 69 years with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.92. We found that the incidence of AD was higher in individuals with underlying vascular risks. However, in recent years, the prevalence of AD was conversely found to be lower in individuals with hypertension or dyslipidemia. Despite efforts toward reducing the number of AD cases through educational, policy, and various public health and preventive medicine interventions, the incidence and prevalence of AD continues to grow in Korea. Efforts aimed at early diagnosis and the modification of underlying risks may be critical to reducing the socioeconomic burden of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Seok Baek
- Department of Neurology, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, South Korea
| | - Han-Kyeol Kim
- Department of Neurology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyungdo Han
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyuk-Sung Kwon
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Han Kyu Na
- Department of Neurology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chul Hyoung Lyoo
- Department of Neurology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hanna Cho
- Department of Neurology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Hanna Cho
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Nemoto Y, Sato S, Kitabatake Y, Takeda N, Maruo K, Arao T. Do the impacts of mentally active and passive sedentary behavior on dementia incidence differ by physical activity level? A 5-year longitudinal study. J Epidemiol 2022; 33:410-418. [PMID: 35569952 PMCID: PMC10319527 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20210419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has not been determined whether mentally active sedentary behavior (MASB) and passive sedentary behavior (PSB) differentially affect cognitive function, and whether these associations differ according to physical activity (PA) level. We examined the comparative impacts of MASB and PSB on dementia onset and aimed to understand whether the associations differed by PA level. METHODS A 5-year longitudinal study involving all community-dwelling older adults in a rural area in Japan (n = 5,323). Dementia onset was examined using long-term care insurance data. PA was evaluated using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and categorized as low (<2.5 MET-h/week), moderate (<16.0 MET-h/week), or high (≥16.0 MET-h/week). We also assessed PSB (TV-watching time; <1 h/day, <3 h/day, ≥3 h/day) and MASB (Book-reading time; <10 min/day, <30 min/day, ≥30 min/day). To examine the associations of MASB and PSB with dementia onset, we performed the Fine-Gray models accounting for competing risk of death. RESULTS During the follow-up period, 606 (11.4%) participants developed dementia. MASB was independently associated with a lower risk of dementia; the magnitude of the impact was significant at higher PA levels. There was no association between PSB and developing dementia across all PA levels. Furthermore, dementia risk for individuals with high PA levels and moderate or high MASB levels was approximately 60% lower than those with low PA levels and low MASB. CONCLUSIONS Providing interventions to promote MASB, which reduces dementia risk, and PA, which increases MASB's effect on dementia incidence, can be beneficial in delaying or preventing dementia onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Nemoto
- Research Team for Social Participation and Community Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Sato
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Human Arts and Sciences, Saitama, Japan
| | | | - Noriko Takeda
- Center for Promotion of Higher Education, Kogakuin University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazushi Maruo
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takashi Arao
- Meiji Yasuda Life Foundation of Health and Welfare, Tokyo, Japan
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Anagani M, Oroszi T. Fractures in Parkinson’s Disease. Health (London) 2022. [DOI: 10.4236/health.2022.149070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Nguyen SA, Oughli HA, Lavretsky H. Complementary and Integrative Medicine for Neurocognitive Disorders and Caregiver Health. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2022; 24:469-480. [PMID: 35962927 PMCID: PMC9411083 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-022-01355-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Integrative medicine is the practice of combining conventional medical treatments with "alternative" or "complementary" therapies. Integrative psychiatry is a holistic, person-centered approach to neuropsychiatric disorders that emphasizes a person's physical, emotional, interpersonal, behavioral, nutritional, environmental, and spiritual dimensions to achieve well-being. Older adults are more prone to physical injury, interpersonal loss, chronic illnesses, and physical and cognitive decline that can manifest as anxiety, depression, with functional decline and inability to care for self. Additionally, stress of caring for older adults with dementia can adversely affect caregivers' health. Although integrative approaches are perceived as safer and less stigmatizing, it is important to understand the risks and benefits of such therapies for older adults with neurocognitive disorders and their caregivers. RECENT FINDINGS Here, we summarize the results of the recent clinical trials and meta-analyses that provide evidence for integrative approaches to treating older adults with cognitive disorders and their caregivers which include the use of diet and supplements, and mind-body therapies. Dietary and mind-body therapies have become increasingly popular and show the strongest evidence of effectiveness for cognitive disorders and caregiver stress. Vitamins and supplements are the most popular integrative intervention, but there is mixed evidence supporting their use and the concern for herb (supplement)-drug interactions. While there is increasing popularity of integrative treatments, information to guide clinicians providing care for older adults remains limited, with variable scientific rigor of the available RCTs for a large number of commonly used integrative interventions particularly for cognitive disorders and caregiver stress and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Nguyen
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
| | - Hanadi Ajam Oughli
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Helen Lavretsky
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles; 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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Kotredes KP, Oblak A, Pandey RS, Lin PBC, Garceau D, Williams H, Uyar A, O’Rourke R, O’Rourke S, Ingraham C, Bednarczyk D, Belanger M, Cope Z, Foley KE, Logsdon BA, Mangravite LM, Sukoff Rizzo SJ, Territo PR, Carter GW, Sasner M, Lamb BT, Howell GR. Uncovering Disease Mechanisms in a Novel Mouse Model Expressing Humanized APOEε4 and Trem2*R47H. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:735524. [PMID: 34707490 PMCID: PMC8544520 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.735524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD; LOAD) is the most common human neurodegenerative disease, however, the availability and efficacy of disease-modifying interventions is severely lacking. Despite exceptional efforts to understand disease progression via legacy amyloidogenic transgene mouse models, focus on disease translation with innovative mouse strains that better model the complexity of human AD is required to accelerate the development of future treatment modalities. LOAD within the human population is a polygenic and environmentally influenced disease with many risk factors acting in concert to produce disease processes parallel to those often muted by the early and aggressive aggregate formation in popular mouse strains. In addition to extracellular deposits of amyloid plaques and inclusions of the microtubule-associated protein tau, AD is also defined by synaptic/neuronal loss, vascular deficits, and neuroinflammation. These underlying processes need to be better defined, how the disease progresses with age, and compared to human-relevant outcomes. To create more translatable mouse models, MODEL-AD (Model Organism Development and Evaluation for Late-onset AD) groups are identifying and integrating disease-relevant, humanized gene sequences from public databases beginning with APOEε4 and Trem2*R47H, two of the most powerful risk factors present in human LOAD populations. Mice expressing endogenous, humanized APOEε4 and Trem2*R47H gene sequences were extensively aged and assayed using a multi-disciplined phenotyping approach associated with and relative to human AD pathology. Robust analytical pipelines measured behavioral, transcriptomic, metabolic, and neuropathological phenotypes in cross-sectional cohorts for progression of disease hallmarks at all life stages. In vivo PET/MRI neuroimaging revealed regional alterations in glycolytic metabolism and vascular perfusion. Transcriptional profiling by RNA-Seq of brain hemispheres identified sex and age as the main sources of variation between genotypes including age-specific enrichment of AD-related processes. Similarly, age was the strongest determinant of behavioral change. In the absence of mouse amyloid plaque formation, many of the hallmarks of AD were not observed in this strain. However, as a sensitized baseline model with many additional alleles and environmental modifications already appended, the dataset from this initial MODEL-AD strain serves an important role in establishing the individual effects and interaction between two strong genetic risk factors for LOAD in a mouse host.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adrian Oblak
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, School of Medicine, Indiana University Bloomington, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | | | - Peter Bor-Chian Lin
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, School of Medicine, Indiana University Bloomington, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Dylan Garceau
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, United States
| | | | - Asli Uyar
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, United States
| | - Rita O’Rourke
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, United States
| | | | - Cynthia Ingraham
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, School of Medicine, Indiana University Bloomington, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | | | | | - Zackary Cope
- Department of Medicine—Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Kate E. Foley
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, United States
| | | | | | - Stacey J. Sukoff Rizzo
- Department of Medicine—Aging Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Paul R. Territo
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, School of Medicine, Indiana University Bloomington, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | | | | | - Bruce T. Lamb
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, School of Medicine, Indiana University Bloomington, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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Madison AA, Kiecolt-Glaser JK. The gut microbiota and nervous system: Age-defined and age-defying. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 116:98-107. [PMID: 33422403 PMCID: PMC8257779 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Even healthy older adults experience gastrointestinal (GI) and neurological changes. In fact, the aging process of these two systems are interrelated due the extensive, multifaceted communication network connecting them, termed the gut-brain axis. Age-related modification of the GI environment can influence the bacterial species that survive and thrive there. Additionally, the lifestyle common to older adults in the West, including sedentariness, polypharmacy, and a poor diet, can compound the effect of aging on the GI tract, gut microbiota, and nervous system. Emerging animal and human findings suggest that GI organisms play a major role in gut-brain communication, ultimately shaping neurological aging trajectories by either helping to maintain nervous system function into late life or promoting pathology. Aging and age-related behaviors help to define the gut microbiota's composition and function, but, conversely, the gut microbiota may help to determine late-life functionality and may be harnessed to limit the prevalence of steep neurological decline and diseases. Focusing primarily on clinical research, this review first defines the gut-brain axis, then details age-related GI and nervous system changes, and discusses the impact of age-related lifestyle factors on the GI and nervous systems. The remainder of this review describes cutting-edge research that positions the gut microbiota as an arbiter of age-related neurological decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelise A Madison
- The Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, USA; Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, USA
| | - Janice K Kiecolt-Glaser
- The Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, USA.
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Sedentary Lifestyle Matters as Past Sedentariness, Not Current Sedentariness, Predicts Cognitive Inhibition Performance among College Students: An Exploratory Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18147649. [PMID: 34300101 PMCID: PMC8303919 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18147649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: Currently, sedentariness is assessed over a short period of time, thus it is difficult to study its cognitive implications. To investigate the cognitive consequences of a sedentary lifestyle, the past level (i.e., the sedentary time accumulated over the years) and current level of sedentariness should be considered. This pilot study aimed to investigate the negative association between a sedentary lifestyle and cognition by considering both the current and past sedentariness. It was expected that the physical activity level moderates the potential negative association between sedentariness and cognition. Methods: 52 college students (Mage = 20.19, SDage = 2; 36 women) participated in the study. Current sedentariness (ratio of sedentary time in the last year), past sedentariness (ratio of sedentary time accumulated in previous years), and physical activity (ratio of time spent in physical activity in years) were assessed using a questionnaire. Cognitive inhibition, cognitive flexibility, and working memory updating were measured through three specific tests. Results: Past sedentariness significantly explained the inhibition performance when controlled for physical activity, whereas current sedentariness did not. More precisely, past sedentariness only negatively predicted cognitive inhibition when the physical activity level was low (β = -3.15, z(48) = -2.62, p = 0.01). Conclusions: The impact of sedentariness on cognitive functioning might only be revealed when past sedentariness and physical activity are controlled.
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