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Beebe KD, Eisner JR, Guo J, Shibata Y, Davison JM, Uronis J, Farhangfar C, Farhangfar F, Mooney J, Milburn MV, White RL, Amin A, Milla ME, Foureau DM. The Immunogenomic Landscape of Peripheral High-Dose IL-2 Pharmacodynamics in Patients with Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Benchmark for Next-Generation IL-2-Based Immunotherapies. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2024; 213:29-39. [PMID: 38767437 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
High-dose (HD) IL-2 was the first immuno-oncology agent approved for treating advanced renal cell carcinoma and metastatic melanoma, but its use was limited because of substantial toxicities. Multiple next-generation IL-2 agents are being developed to improve tolerability. However, a knowledge gap still exists for the genomic markers that define the target pharmacology for HD IL-2 itself. In this retrospective observational study, we collected PBMC samples from 23 patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma who were treated with HD IL-2 between 2009 and 2015. We previously reported the results of flow cytometry analyses. In this study, we report the results of our RNA-sequencing immunogenomic survey, which was performed on bulk PBMC samples from immediately before (day 1), during (day 3), and after treatment (day 5) in cycle 1 and/or cycle 2 of the first course of HD IL-2. As part of a detailed analysis of immunogenomic response to HD IL-2 treatment, we analyzed the changes in individual genes and immune gene signatures. By day 3, most lymphoid cell types had transiently decreased, whereas myeloid transcripts increased. Although most genes and/or signatures generally returned to pretreatment expression levels by day 5, certain ones representative of B cell, NK cell, and T cell proliferation and effector functions continued to increase, along with B cell (but not T cell) oligoclonal expansion. Regulatory T cells progressively expanded during and after treatment. They showed strong negative correlation with myeloid effector cells. This detailed RNA-sequencing immunogenomic survey of IL-2 pharmacology complements results of prior flow cytometry analyses. These data provide valuable pharmacological context for assessing PBMC gene expression data from patients dosed with IL-2-related compounds that are currently in development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John Guo
- GeneCentric Therapeutics, Inc., Durham, NC
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Asim Amin
- Levine Cancer Institute, Atrium Health, Charlotte, NC
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2
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Jones PW, Mallat Z, Nus M. T-Cell/B-Cell Interactions in Atherosclerosis. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:1502-1511. [PMID: 38813700 PMCID: PMC11208060 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.124.319845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a complex inflammatory disease in which the adaptive immune response plays an important role. While the overall impact of T and B cells in atherosclerosis is relatively well established, we are only beginning to understand how bidirectional T-cell/B-cell interactions can exert prominent atheroprotective and proatherogenic functions. In this review, we will focus on these T-cell/B-cell interactions and how we could use them to therapeutically target the adaptive immune response in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter William Jones
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (P.W.J., Z.M., M.N.)
| | - Ziad Mallat
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (P.W.J., Z.M., M.N.)
- INSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Centre, France (Z.M.)
| | - Meritxell Nus
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (P.W.J., Z.M., M.N.)
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3
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Ochiai K, Shima H, Tamahara T, Sugie N, Funayama R, Nakayama K, Kurosaki T, Igarashi K. Accelerated plasma-cell differentiation in Bach2-deficient mouse B cells is caused by altered IRF4 functions. EMBO J 2024; 43:1947-1964. [PMID: 38605225 PMCID: PMC11099079 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00077-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors BACH2 and IRF4 are both essential for antibody class-switch recombination (CSR) in activated B lymphocytes, while they oppositely regulate the differentiation of plasma cells (PCs). Here, we investigated how BACH2 and IRF4 interact during CSR and plasma-cell differentiation. We found that BACH2 organizes heterochromatin formation of target gene loci in mouse splenic B cells, including targets of IRF4 activation such as Aicda, an inducer of CSR, and Prdm1, a master plasma-cell regulator. Release of these gene loci from heterochromatin in response to B-cell receptor stimulation was coupled to AKT-mTOR pathway activation. In Bach2-deficient B cells, PC genes' activation depended on IRF4 protein accumulation, without an increase in Irf4 mRNA. Mechanistically, a PU.1-IRF4 heterodimer in activated B cells promoted BACH2 function by inducing gene expression of Bach2 and Pten, a negative regulator of AKT signaling. Elevated AKT activity in Bach2-deficient B cells resulted in IRF4 protein accumulation. Thus, BACH2 and IRF4 mutually modulate the activity of each other, and BACH2 inhibits PC differentiation by both the repression of PC genes and the restriction of IRF4 protein accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Ochiai
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Shima
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Toru Tamahara
- Division of Community Oral Health Science, Department of Community Medical Supports, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Sendai, 980-8573, Japan
| | - Nao Sugie
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Ryo Funayama
- Division of Cell Proliferation, United Centers for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Keiko Nakayama
- Division of Cell Proliferation, United Centers for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kurosaki
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Differentiation, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Laboratory for Lymhocyte Differentiation, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences (IMS), Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Igarashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.
- Center for Regulatory Epigenome and Diseases, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Seiryo-machi 2-1, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.
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4
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O’Brien G, Kamuda M, Cruz-Garcia L, Polozova M, Tichy A, Markova M, Sirak I, Zahradnicek O, Widłak P, Ponge L, Polanska J, Badie C. Transcriptional Inflammatory Signature in Healthy Donors and Different Radiotherapy Cancer Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1080. [PMID: 38256152 PMCID: PMC10816540 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer and ionizing radiation exposure are associated with inflammation. To identify a set of radiation-specific signatures of inflammation-associated genes in the blood of partially exposed radiotherapy patients, differential expression of 249 inflammatory genes was analyzed in blood samples from cancer patients and healthy individuals. The gene expression analysis on a cohort of 63 cancer patients (endometrial, head and neck, and prostate cancer) before and during radiotherapy (24 h, 48 h, ~1 week, ~4-8 weeks, and 1 month after the last fraction) identified 31 genes and 15 up- and 16 down-regulated genes. Transcription variability under normal conditions was determined using blood drawn on three separate occasions from four healthy donors. No difference in inflammatory expression between healthy donors and cancer patients could be detected prior to radiotherapy. Remarkably, repeated sampling of healthy donors revealed an individual endogenous inflammatory signature. Next, the potential confounding effect of concomitant inflammation was studied in the blood of seven healthy donors taken before and 24 h after a flu vaccine or ex vivo LPS (lipopolysaccharide) treatment; flu vaccination was not detected at the transcriptional level and LPS did not have any effect on the radiation-induced signature identified. Finally, we identified a radiation-specific signature of 31 genes in the blood of radiotherapy patients that were common for all cancers, regardless of the immune status of patients. Confirmation via MQRT-PCR was obtained for BCL6, MYD88, MYC, IL7, CCR4 and CCR7. This study offers the foundation for future research on biomarkers of radiation exposure, radiation sensitivity, and radiation toxicity for personalized radiotherapy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gráinne O’Brien
- Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers Group, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, UK Health Security Agency, Oxfordshire OX11 0RQ, UK; (G.O.); (L.C.-G.); (M.P.)
| | - Malgorzata Kamuda
- Department of Data Mining, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland (J.P.)
| | - Lourdes Cruz-Garcia
- Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers Group, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, UK Health Security Agency, Oxfordshire OX11 0RQ, UK; (G.O.); (L.C.-G.); (M.P.)
| | - Mariia Polozova
- Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers Group, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, UK Health Security Agency, Oxfordshire OX11 0RQ, UK; (G.O.); (L.C.-G.); (M.P.)
| | - Ales Tichy
- Department of Radiobiology, Faculty of Military Health Sciences in Hradec Králové, University of Defence, 662 10 Brno, Czech Republic
- Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Hradec Králové, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Markova
- Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, 128 00 Praha, Czech Republic;
| | - Igor Sirak
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy and 4th Department of Internal Medicine—Hematology, University Hospital, 500 05 Hradec Králové, Czech Republic;
| | - Oldrich Zahradnicek
- Department of Radiation Dosimetry, Nuclear Physics Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, 180 00 Prague, Czech Republic;
| | - Piotr Widłak
- Clinical Research Support Centre, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 3a Street, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Lucyna Ponge
- Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 44-102 Gliwice, Poland;
| | - Joanna Polanska
- Department of Data Mining, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland (J.P.)
| | - Christophe Badie
- Cancer Mechanisms and Biomarkers Group, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, UK Health Security Agency, Oxfordshire OX11 0RQ, UK; (G.O.); (L.C.-G.); (M.P.)
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5
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Suita A, Ohfuji S, Kasamatsu A, Kondo K, Nakata H, Kita T, Deguchi A, Fujimoto M, Iba K, Sakamoto H, Iwasaka K, Sakamoto N, Sakamoto H, Yodoi Y, Kido Y, Nakagama Y, Konishi A, Mukai E, Matsumoto K, Matsuura T, Kase T, Kakeya H, Fukushima W, Hirota Y. Antibody responses after BNT162b2 vaccination in Japanese geriatric intermediate care facilities. Vaccine X 2023; 15:100412. [PMID: 38161985 PMCID: PMC10755108 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2023.100412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background To evaluate antibody responses against the primary series of vaccination of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 [SARS-CoV-2] vaccines in the staff and residents of Japanese geriatric intermediate care facilities. Methods All subjects (159 staff and 96 residents) received two doses of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine 3 weeks apart. Baseline data of subject were collected using a structured form. Serum samples were collected three times: before vaccination, 3 weeks after the first dose, and 4 weeks after the second dose, and anti-receptor binding domain of the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 [anti-RBD] IgG was measured using two immunoassays. Results After the second dose, geometric mean titers [GMT] of anti-RBD with both the Abbott and Roche assay were significantly lower in residents than staff (2282 AU/mL vs. 8505 AU/mL, and 258 U/mL vs. 948 U/mL, respectively). Multivariate analysis of characteristics affecting antibody responses (≥1280 AU/mL for Abbott and > 210 U/mL for Roche) showed lower odds ratios [ORs] for older age (adjusted OR per 10 year increase [aOR] = 0.62, 95 % confidence interval [95 %CI]; 0.38-1.02), steroid usage (aOR = 0.09, 95 %CI; 0.01-0.60) and regular nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [NSAIDs] usage (aOR = 0.16, 95 %CI; 0.03-0.88). Conclusions Elderly people and steroid and NSAID users had lower antibody responses following the second vaccine dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asae Suita
- Department of Public Health, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka-city, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Satoko Ohfuji
- Department of Public Health, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka-city, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
- Research Center for Infectious Disease Sciences, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka-city, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Ayane Kasamatsu
- Department of Public Health, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka-city, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Kyoko Kondo
- Management Bureau, Osaka Metropolitan University Hospital, 1-5-7, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka-city, Osaka 545-8586, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakata
- Keai Long-Term Care Health Facility for the Elderly, 112, Hara, Takatsuki-city, Osaka 569-1051, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kita
- Yuai Long-Term Care Health Facility for the Elderly, 2-2-58, Tsukuda, Nishiyodogawa-ku, Osaka-city, Osaka 555-0001, Japan
| | - Akifumi Deguchi
- Kouseien Long-Term Care Health Facility for the Elderly, 3-1-16, Imafuku-Nishi, Joto-ku, Osaka-city, Osaka 536-0004, Japan
| | - Mikio Fujimoto
- Tamagushi-sumire-en Long-Term Care Health Facility for the Elderly, 3-2-3, Tamagushicho-Nishi, HigashiOsaka-city, Osaka 578-0934, Japan
| | - Kazuko Iba
- Tsukumo Long-Term Care Health Facility for the Elderly, 4-7-2, Tsukumodai, Suita-city, Osaka 565-0862, Japan
| | - Hideki Sakamoto
- Sayamanosato Long-Term Care Health Facility for the Elderly, 2-185-11, Iwamuro, Osakasayama city 589-0032, Japan
| | - Kaori Iwasaka
- Sakuragawa Long-Term Care Health Facility for the Elderly, 4-10-13, Sakuragawa, Naniwa-ku, Osaka-city, Osaka 556-0022, Japan
| | - Noboru Sakamoto
- Yukyuen Long-Term Care Health Facility for the Elderly, 5-1, Yamatake, Yao-city, Osaka 581-0864, Japan
| | - Hikaru Sakamoto
- Yukyuen Long-Term Care Health Facility for the Elderly, 5-1, Yamatake, Yao-city, Osaka 581-0864, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Yodoi
- Kuwanomi Long-Term Care Health Facility for the Elderly, 4-4-5, Kuwadu, Higashisumiyoshi-ku, Osaka-city, Osaka 546-0041, Japan
| | - Yasutoshi Kido
- Research Center for Infectious Disease Sciences, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka-city, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
- Department of Parasitology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka-city, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Yu Nakagama
- Research Center for Infectious Disease Sciences, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka-city, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
- Department of Parasitology, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka-city, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Ayako Konishi
- Department of Public Health, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka-city, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Emiko Mukai
- Department of Public Health, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka-city, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Matsumoto
- Department of Public Health, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka-city, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Tomoka Matsuura
- Department of Public Health, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka-city, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
- Research Center for Infectious Disease Sciences, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka-city, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Kase
- Department of Public Health, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka-city, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
- Research Center for Infectious Disease Sciences, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka-city, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kakeya
- Research Center for Infectious Disease Sciences, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka-city, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
- Department of Clinical Infection Control, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka-city, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Wakaba Fukushima
- Department of Public Health, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka-city, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
- Research Center for Infectious Disease Sciences, Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-4-3, Asahi-machi, Abeno-ku, Osaka-city, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
| | - Yoshio Hirota
- Clinical Epidemiology Research Center, Medical Co. LTA (SOUSEIKAI), 3-6-1, Kashii-Teriha, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka-city, Fukuoka 813-0017, Japan
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Bogers L, Kuiper KL, Smolders J, Rip J, van Luijn MM. Epstein-Barr virus and genetic risk variants as determinants of T-bet + B cell-driven autoimmune diseases. Immunol Lett 2023; 261:66-74. [PMID: 37451321 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2023.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
B cells expressing the transcription factor T-bet are found to have a protective role in viral infections, but are also considered major players in the onset of different types of autoimmune diseases. Currently, the exact mechanisms driving such 'atypical' memory B cells to contribute to protective immunity or autoimmunity are unclear. In addition to general autoimmune-related factors including sex and age, the ways T-bet+ B cells instigate autoimmune diseases may be determined by the close interplay between genetic risk variants and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). The impact of EBV on T-bet+ B cells likely relies on the type of risk variants associated with each autoimmune disease, which may affect their differentiation, migratory routes and effector function. In this hypothesis-driven review, we discuss the lines of evidence pointing to such genetic and/or EBV-mediated influence on T-bet+ B cells in a range of autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and multiple sclerosis (MS). We provide examples of how genetic risk variants can be linked to certain signaling pathways and are differentially affected by EBV to shape T-bet+ B-cells. Finally, we propose options to improve current treatment of B cell-related autoimmune diseases by more selective targeting of pathways that are critical for pathogenic T-bet+ B-cell formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurens Bogers
- MS Center ErasMS, Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Wytemaweg 80, Rotterdam 3015 CN, The Netherlands
| | - Kirsten L Kuiper
- MS Center ErasMS, Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Wytemaweg 80, Rotterdam 3015 CN, The Netherlands
| | - Joost Smolders
- MS Center ErasMS, Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Wytemaweg 80, Rotterdam 3015 CN, The Netherlands; MS Center ErasMS, Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam 3015 CN, The Netherlands; Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Neuroimmunology research group, Amsterdam 1105 BA, The Netherlands
| | - Jasper Rip
- MS Center ErasMS, Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Wytemaweg 80, Rotterdam 3015 CN, The Netherlands
| | - Marvin M van Luijn
- MS Center ErasMS, Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Wytemaweg 80, Rotterdam 3015 CN, The Netherlands.
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Dhara S, Chakraborty K. Immunomodulatory effect of sulfated galactofucan from marine macroalga Turbinaria conoides. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 238:124021. [PMID: 36921815 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Sulfated polysaccharides are effective immunostimulating agents by activating several intracellular signaling pathways. A sulfated (1 → 3)/(1 → 4)-linked galactofucan TCP-3 with promising immunomodulatory effects was purified from a marine macroalga Turbinaria conoides. The immune-enhancing potential of TCP-3 (100-400 mg/kg BW) was evaluated on cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed animals by increasing bone marrow cellularity (10-13 cells/femur/mL x 106), α-esterase activity (1200-1700 number of positive cells/4000 BMC), interferon-γ (1.31-1.49 pg/mL), interleukin-2 (3.49-3.99 pg/mL) secretion, and WBC count (> 3000 cells/cu mm). The proliferation of lymphocytes for in vitro and in vivo conditions was enhanced by administering TCP-3 besides regulating the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6/1β/12, tumor necrosis factor-α, transforming growth factor-β), and an inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase. A promising reduction of viral copy formation was observed by administering TCP-3 (< 2 × 107 number) on SARS CoV-2 (delta variant) induced Vero cells in comparison with the infected group (> 5 × 107 number).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhajit Dhara
- Department of Chemistry, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri 574199, Karnataka State, India
| | - Kajal Chakraborty
- Marine Biotechnology, Fish Nutrition and Health Division, Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Ernakulam North, P.B. No. 1603, Cochin 682018, Kerala State, India.
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8
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Haas M, Fest T. Final step of B-cell differentiation into plasmablasts; the right time to activate plasma cell PIM2 kinase. Immunol Lett 2023; 258:45-50. [PMID: 37207916 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2023.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The differentiation of B cells into antibody-secreting plasma cells is a complex process that involves extensive changes in morphology, lifespan, and cellular metabolism to support the high rates of antibody production. During the final stage of differentiation, B cells undergo significant expansion of their endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria, which induces cellular stress and may lead to cell death in absence of effective inhibition of the apoptotic pathway. These changes are tightly regulated at transcriptional and epigenetic levels, as well as at post-translational level, with protein modifications playing a critical role in the process of cellular modification and adaptation. Our recent research has highlighted the pivotal role of the serine/threonine kinase PIM2 in B cell differentiation, from commitment stage to plasmablast and maintenance of expression in mature plasma cells. PIM2 has been shown to promote cell cycle progression during the final stage of differentiation and to inhibit Caspase 3 activation, raising the threshold for apoptosis. In this review, we examine the key molecular mechanisms controlled by PIM2 that contribute to plasma cell development and maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Haas
- Université de Rennes 1, INSERM, Établissement Français du Sang de Bretagne, Team B_DEVIL, UMR_S1236, Rennes, France; Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Rennes, France
| | - Thierry Fest
- Université de Rennes 1, INSERM, Établissement Français du Sang de Bretagne, Team B_DEVIL, UMR_S1236, Rennes, France; Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Rennes, France.
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9
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Mendoza-Ramírez NJ, García-Cordero J, Martínez-Frías SP, Roa-Velázquez D, Luria-Pérez R, Bustos-Arriaga J, Hernández-Lopez J, Cabello-Gutiérrez C, Zúñiga-Ramos JA, Morales-Ríos E, Pérez-Tapia SM, Espinosa-Cantellano M, Cedillo-Barrón L. Combination of Recombinant Proteins S1/N and RBD/N as Potential Vaccine Candidates. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11040864. [PMID: 37112776 PMCID: PMC10142685 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11040864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite all successful efforts to develop a COVID-19 vaccine, the need to evaluate alternative antigens to produce next-generation vaccines is imperative to target emerging variants. Thus, the second generation of COVID-19 vaccines employ more than one antigen from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to induce an effective and lasting immune response. Here, we analyzed the combination of two SARS-CoV-2 viral antigens that could elicit a more durable immune response in both T- and B-cells. The nucleocapsid (N) protein, Spike protein S1 domain, and receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike surface glycoproteins were expressed and purified in a mammalian expression system, taking into consideration the posttranscriptional modifications and structural characteristics. The immunogenicity of these combined proteins was evaluated in a murine model. Immunization combining S1 or RBD with the N protein induced higher levels of IgG antibodies, increased the percentage of neutralization, and elevated the production of cytokines TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-2 compared to the administration of a single antigen. Furthermore, sera from immunized mice recognized alpha and beta variants of SARS-CoV-2, which supports ongoing clinical results on partial protection in vaccinated populations, despite mutations. This study identifies potential antigens for second-generation COVID-19 vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julio García-Cordero
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Cinvestav, Av. IPN # 2508 Col, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | | | - Daniela Roa-Velázquez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Cinvestav, Av. IPN # 2508 Col, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Rosendo Luria-Pérez
- Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Oncológicas, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - José Bustos-Arriaga
- Unidad de Biomedicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. De los Barrios # 1, Col. Los Reyes Iztacala, Tlalnepantla 54090, Mexico
| | - Jesús Hernández-Lopez
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A. C (CIAD) Carretera a la Victoria km 0.6, Hermosillo Sonora 83304, Mexico
| | - Carlos Cabello-Gutiérrez
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas (INER), Departamento de Investigación en Virología y Micología, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Belisario Domínguez, Tlalpan 14080, Mexico
| | - Joaquín Alejandro Zúñiga-Ramos
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas y Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Monterrey 64849, Mexico
| | - Edgar Morales-Ríos
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Cinvestav, Av. IPN # 2508 Col, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Sonia Mayra Pérez-Tapia
- Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigación en Bioterapéuticos (UDIBI), Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México City 11340, Mexico
| | - Martha Espinosa-Cantellano
- Departamento de Infectómica y Patogénesis Molecular, Cinvestav, Av. IPN # 2508 Col, San Pedro Zacatenco, México City 07360, Mexico
| | - Leticia Cedillo-Barrón
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Cinvestav, Av. IPN # 2508 Col, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
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10
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Inaba A, Tuong ZK, Zhao TX, Stewart AP, Mathews R, Truman L, Sriranjan R, Kennet J, Saeb-Parsy K, Wicker L, Waldron-Lynch F, Cheriyan J, Todd JA, Mallat Z, Clatworthy MR. Low-dose IL-2 enhances the generation of IL-10-producing immunoregulatory B cells. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2071. [PMID: 37045832 PMCID: PMC10097719 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37424-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of interleukin-10 producing regulatory B cells has been associated with the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, but whether regulatory B cells can be therapeutically induced in humans is currently unknown. Here we demonstrate that a subset of activated B cells expresses CD25, and the addition of low-dose recombinant IL-2 to in vitro stimulated peripheral blood and splenic human B cells augments IL-10 secretion. Administration of low dose IL-2, aldesleukin, to patients increases IL-10-producing B cells. Single-cell RNA sequencing of circulating immune cells isolated from low dose IL2-treated patients reveals an increase in plasmablast and plasma cell populations that are enriched for a regulatory B cell gene signature. The transcriptional repressor BACH2 is significantly down-regulated in plasma cells from IL-2-treated patients, BACH2 binds to the IL-10 gene promoter, and Bach2 depletion or genetic deficiency increases B cell IL-10, implicating BACH2 suppression as an important mechanism by which IL-2 may promote an immunoregulatory phenotype in B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akimichi Inaba
- Molecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Zewen Kelvin Tuong
- Molecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, Cambridge, UK
- Cellular Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - Tian X Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew P Stewart
- Molecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Rebeccah Mathews
- Molecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lucy Truman
- Ear, Nose Throat Department, West Suffolk Hospital, Bury St Edmunds, UK
| | - Rouchelle Sriranjan
- Division of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jane Kennet
- Wellcome-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories and Medical Research Council Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kourosh Saeb-Parsy
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Linda Wicker
- Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Frank Waldron-Lynch
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Autoimmunity Transplantation Inflammation, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Joseph Cheriyan
- Division of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - John A Todd
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ziad Mallat
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Universite de Paris and INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Menna R Clatworthy
- Molecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge Department of Medicine, Cambridge, UK.
- Cellular Genetics, Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK.
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11
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Nellore A, Zumaquero E, Scharer CD, Fucile CF, Tipton CM, King RG, Mi T, Mousseau B, Bradley JE, Zhou F, Mutneja S, Goepfert PA, Boss JM, Randall TD, Sanz I, Rosenberg AF, Lund FE. A transcriptionally distinct subset of influenza-specific effector memory B cells predicts long-lived antibody responses to vaccination in humans. Immunity 2023; 56:847-863.e8. [PMID: 36958335 PMCID: PMC10113805 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Seasonal influenza vaccination elicits hemagglutinin (HA)-specific memory B (Bmem) cells, and although multiple Bmem cell populations have been characterized, considerable heterogeneity exists. We found that HA-specific human Bmem cells differed in the expression of surface marker FcRL5 and transcriptional factor T-bet. FcRL5+T-bet+ Bmem cells were transcriptionally similar to effector-like memory cells, while T-betnegFcRL5neg Bmem cells exhibited stem-like central memory properties. FcRL5+ Bmem cells did not express plasma-cell-commitment factors but did express transcriptional, epigenetic, metabolic, and functional programs that poised these cells for antibody production. Accordingly, HA+ T-bet+ Bmem cells at day 7 post-vaccination expressed intracellular immunoglobulin, and tonsil-derived FcRL5+ Bmem cells differentiated more rapidly into antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) in vitro. The T-bet+ Bmem cell response positively correlated with long-lived humoral immunity, and clonotypes from T-bet+ Bmem cells were represented in the secondary ASC response to repeat vaccination, suggesting that this effector-like population predicts influenza vaccine durability and recall potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoma Nellore
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Esther Zumaquero
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Christopher D Scharer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Christopher F Fucile
- Informatics Institute, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Christopher M Tipton
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - R Glenn King
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Tian Mi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Betty Mousseau
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - John E Bradley
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology at The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Fen Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Stuti Mutneja
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; ImmuneID, Waltham, MA 02451, USA
| | - Paul A Goepfert
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Jeremy M Boss
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Troy D Randall
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology at The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Ignacio Sanz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Alexander F Rosenberg
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Informatics Institute, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Frances E Lund
- Department of Microbiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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12
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Huard A, Wilmes C, Kiprina A, Netzer C, Palmer G, Brüne B, Weigert A. Cell Intrinsic IL-38 Affects B Cell Differentiation and Antibody Production. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065676. [PMID: 36982750 PMCID: PMC10053218 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
IL-38 is an IL-1 family receptor antagonist with an emerging role in chronic inflammatory diseases. IL-38 expression has been mainly observed not only in epithelia, but also in cells of the immune system, including macrophages and B cells. Given the association of both IL-38 and B cells with chronic inflammation, we explored if IL-38 affects B cell biology. IL-38-deficient mice showed higher amounts of plasma cells (PC) in lymphoid organs but, conversely, lower levels of plasmatic antibody titers. Exploring underlying mechanisms in human B cells revealed that exogenously added IL-38 did not significantly affect early B cell activation or differentiation into plasma cells, even though IL-38 suppressed upregulation of CD38. Instead, IL-38 mRNA expression was transiently upregulated during the differentiation of human B cells to plasma cells in vitro, and knocking down IL-38 during early B cell differentiation increased plasma cell generation, while reducing antibody production, thus reproducing the murine phenotype. Although this endogenous role of IL-38 in B cell differentiation and antibody production did not align with an immunosuppressive function, autoantibody production induced in mice by repeated IL-18 injections was enhanced in an IL-38-deficient background. Taken together, our data suggest that cell-intrinsic IL-38 promotes antibody production at baseline but suppresses the production of autoantibodies in an inflammatory context, which may partially explain its protective role during chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Huard
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Christian Wilmes
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Anastasiia Kiprina
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christoph Netzer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gaby Palmer
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Geneva Center for Inflammation Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andreas Weigert
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe-University Frankfurt, 60596 Frankfurt, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), 60590 Frankfurt, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-69-6301-4593; Fax: +49-69-6301-420
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13
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In Vitro Human Haematopoietic Stem Cell Expansion and Differentiation. Cells 2023; 12:cells12060896. [PMID: 36980237 PMCID: PMC10046976 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The haematopoietic system plays an essential role in our health and survival. It is comprised of a range of mature blood and immune cell types, including oxygen-carrying erythrocytes, platelet-producing megakaryocytes and infection-fighting myeloid and lymphoid cells. Self-renewing multipotent haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and a range of intermediate haematopoietic progenitor cell types differentiate into these mature cell types to continuously support haematopoietic system homeostasis throughout life. This process of haematopoiesis is tightly regulated in vivo and primarily takes place in the bone marrow. Over the years, a range of in vitro culture systems have been developed, either to expand haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells or to differentiate them into the various haematopoietic lineages, based on the use of recombinant cytokines, co-culture systems and/or small molecules. These approaches provide important tractable models to study human haematopoiesis in vitro. Additionally, haematopoietic cell culture systems are being developed and clinical tested as a source of cell products for transplantation and transfusion medicine. This review discusses the in vitro culture protocols for human HSC expansion and differentiation, and summarises the key factors involved in these biological processes.
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14
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Ziegler AE, Fittje P, Müller LM, Ahrenstorf AE, Hagemann K, Hagen SH, Hess LU, Niehrs A, Poch T, Ravichandran G, Löbl SM, Padoan B, Brias S, Hennesen J, Richard M, Richert L, Peine S, Oldhafer KJ, Fischer L, Schramm C, Martrus G, Bunders MJ, Altfeld M, Lunemann S. The co-inhibitory receptor TIGIT regulates NK cell function and is upregulated in human intrahepatic CD56 bright NK cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1117320. [PMID: 36845105 PMCID: PMC9948018 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1117320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The crosstalk between NK cells and their surrounding environment is enabled through activating and inhibitory receptors, which tightly control NK cell activity. The co-inhibitory receptor TIGIT decreases NK cell cytotoxicity and is involved in NK cell exhaustion, but has also been associated with liver regeneration, highlighting that the contribution of human intrahepatic CD56bright NK cells in regulating tissue homeostasis remains incompletely understood. A targeted single-cell mRNA analysis revealed distinct transcriptional differences between matched human peripheral blood and intrahepatic CD56bright NK cells. Multiparameter flow cytometry identified a cluster of intrahepatic NK cells with overlapping high expression of CD56, CD69, CXCR6, TIGIT and CD96. Intrahepatic CD56bright NK cells also expressed significantly higher protein surface levels of TIGIT, and significantly lower levels of DNAM-1 compared to matched peripheral blood CD56bright NK cells. TIGIT+ CD56bright NK cells showed diminished degranulation and TNF-α production following stimulation. Co-incubation of peripheral blood CD56bright NK cells with human hepatoma cells or primary human hepatocyte organoids resulted in migration of NK cells into hepatocyte organoids and upregulation of TIGIT and downregulation of DNAM-1 expression, in line with the phenotype of intrahepatic CD56bright NK cells. Intrahepatic CD56bright NK cells represent a transcriptionally, phenotypically, and functionally distinct population of NK cells that expresses higher levels of TIGIT and lower levels of DNAM-1 than matched peripheral blood CD56bright NK cells. Increased expression of inhibitory receptors by NK cells within the liver environment can contribute to tissue homeostasis and reduction of liver inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annerose E. Ziegler
- Research Department Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology, Hamburg, Germany
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Pia Fittje
- Research Department Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Luisa M. Müller
- Research Department Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Annika E. Ahrenstorf
- Research Department Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kerri Hagemann
- Research Department Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sven H. Hagen
- Research Department Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Leonard U. Hess
- Research Department Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Annika Niehrs
- Research Department Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Poch
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gevitha Ravichandran
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian M. Löbl
- Research Department Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Benedetta Padoan
- Research Department Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sébastien Brias
- Research Department Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology, Hamburg, Germany
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jana Hennesen
- Research Department Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Myrtille Richard
- University of Bordeaux, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR1219 and Inria, Team Statistics in systems biology and translationnal medicine (SISTM), Bordeaux, France
| | - Laura Richert
- University of Bordeaux, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR1219 and Inria, Team Statistics in systems biology and translationnal medicine (SISTM), Bordeaux, France
| | - Sven Peine
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Karl J. Oldhafer
- Department of General and Abdominal Surgery, Asklepios Hospital Barmbek, Semmelweis University of Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lutz Fischer
- Department of Visceral Transplant Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Schramm
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Martin Zeitz Centre for Rare Diseases, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Glòria Martrus
- Research Department Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Madeleine J. Bunders
- Research Department Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology, Hamburg, Germany
- III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Altfeld
- Research Department Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Lunemann
- Research Department Virus Immunology, Leibniz Institute of Virology, Hamburg, Germany
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15
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Xiong E, Popp O, Salomon C, Mertins P, Kocks C, Rajewsky K, Chu VT. A CRISPR/Cas9-mediated screen identifies determinants of early plasma cell differentiation. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1083119. [PMID: 36685499 PMCID: PMC9849354 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1083119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The differentiation of B cells into antibody-secreting plasma cells depends on cell division-coupled, epigenetic and other cellular processes that are incompletely understood. Methods We have developed a CRISPR/Cas9-based screen that models an early stage of T cell-dependent plasma cell differentiation and measures B cell survival or proliferation versus the formation of CD138+ plasmablasts. Here, we refined and extended this screen to more than 500 candidate genes that are highly expressed in plasma cells. Results Among known genes whose deletion preferentially or mostly affected plasmablast formation were the transcription factors Prdm1 (BLIMP1), Irf4 and Pou2af1 (OBF-1), and the Ern1 gene encoding IRE1a, while deletion of XBP1, the transcriptional master regulator that specifies the expansion of the secretory program in plasma cells, had no effect. Defective plasmablast formation caused by Ern1 deletion could not be rescued by the active, spliced form of XBP1 whose processing is dependent on and downstream of IRE1a, suggesting that in early plasma cell differentiation IRE1a acts independently of XBP1. Moreover, we newly identified several genes involved in NF-kB signaling (Nfkbia), vesicle trafficking (Arf4, Preb) and epigenetic regulators that form part of the NuRD complex (Hdac1, Mta2, Mbd2) to be required for plasmablast formation. Deletion of ARF4, a small GTPase required for COPI vesicle formation, impaired plasmablast formation and blocked antibody secretion. After Hdac1 deletion plasmablast differentiation was consistently reduced by about 50%, while deletion of the closely related Hdac2 gene had no effect. Hdac1 knock-out led to strongly perturbed protein expression of antagonistic transcription factors that govern plasma cell versus B cell identity (by decreasing IRF4 and BLIMP1 and increasing BACH2 and PAX5). Discussion Taken together, our results highlight specific and non-redundant roles for Ern1, Arf4 and Hdac1 in the early steps of plasma cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ermeng Xiong
- Immune Regulation and Cancer, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Popp
- Proteomics platform, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia Salomon
- Immune Regulation and Cancer, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Mertins
- Proteomics platform, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Christine Kocks
- Immune Regulation and Cancer, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany,Genome Engineering & Disease Models, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Rajewsky
- Immune Regulation and Cancer, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany,*Correspondence: Klaus Rajewsky, ; Van Trung Chu,
| | - Van Trung Chu
- Immune Regulation and Cancer, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany,Genome Engineering & Disease Models, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany,*Correspondence: Klaus Rajewsky, ; Van Trung Chu,
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16
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Porter AP, Pirlot BM, Dyer K, Uwazie CC, Nguyen J, Turner C, Rajan D, Hematti P, Chinnadurai R. Conglomeration of T- and B-Cell Matrix Responses Determines the Potency of Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Stem Cells 2022; 40:1134-1148. [PMID: 36056823 DOI: 10.1093/stmcls/sxac064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Cell manufacturing facilities need to define the potency of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) as cellular therapeutics in advanced clinical trials or marketing approval. Since MSCs' mechanism of action in humans is not well defined, more than a single functional property of MSCs needs to be captured as a surrogate measure of potency utilizing assay matrix technologies. However, the current limitation is the sole investigation of MSC-mediated T-cell suppression as a surrogate measure of potency. We investigated the effect of MSCs on B-cell matrix responses to be incorporated into the assay matrix potency analytical system. Our results demonstrate that MSCs inhibit B-cell differentiation and block pan-antibody secretion upon activation of B cells in the PBMCs. In contrast, MSCs are inferior in blocking B-cell matrix responses when purified B cells are used. Mechanistic analysis has demonstrated that MSC-mediated inhibition of B-cell matrix responses is non-contact dependent and Tryptophan metabolic pathway plays a major role, akin to the mechanism of MSC-mediated T-cell suppression. MSCs also inhibit both T-cell and B-cell responses when both of these lymphoid populations are concurrently activated in the PBMCs. Secretome analysis of MSC and T/B cell-activated PBMC cocultures identified direct and inverse correlative matrix signatures between humoral antibody isotypes and secretory molecules. The current analysis of the combined and concomitant investigation of T-cell and B-cell matrix responses fulfills the potency assay matrix strategy by incorporating MSCs' interaction with more than a single inflammatory immune responder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda P Porter
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, GA, USA
| | - Bonnie M Pirlot
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, GA, USA
| | - Kalyn Dyer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, GA, USA
| | - Crystal C Uwazie
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, GA, USA
| | - Jimmy Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, GA, USA
| | - Caitlin Turner
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, GA, USA
| | - Devi Rajan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, GA, USA
| | - Peiman Hematti
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin Madison, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Raghavan Chinnadurai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Savannah, GA, USA
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17
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Carrillo‐Tornel S, Chen‐Liang TH, Zurdo M, Puiggros A, Gómez‐Llonín A, García‐Malo MD, Cuenca‐Zamora EJ, Ortuño FJ, López AMH, Espinet B, Jerez A.
NOTCH1
mutation in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia is associated with an enhanced cell cycle
G1
/S transition and specific cyclin overexpression: Preclinical ground for targeted inhibition. Br J Haematol 2022; 201:470-479. [PMID: 36573331 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.18609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Studies prior to next-generation sequencing (NGS) showed that the frequent indolent course of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) is related to most cells remaining quiescent in the G0 -G1 cell cycle phase, due to the expression of dysregulated cyclin genes. Of note, the activating nature of the NOTCH1 mutation in T lymphoblastic leukaemia also drives the dysregulation of cell cycle genes. Our goal was to comprehensively revisit the cell cycle in NOTCH1-mutated CLL (NOTCH1MUT ) to test for potential therapeutic targets. Among 378 NGS-annotated CLL cases, NOTCH1MUT cells displayed a unique transcriptome profile of G0 -G1 cell cycle components, with an overexpression of early-phase effectors, reaching a 38-, 27- and ninefold change increase for the complex elements CCND3, CDK4 and CDK6, respectively. This NOTCH1MUT cells' profile was related to more cells traversing through the cell cycle. In-vitro targeted inhibition of NOTCH1 gamma-secretase and CDK4/6 reversed the distribution of cells through the cycle phases and enhanced the killing of NOTCH1MUT CLL cells, suggesting new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Carrillo‐Tornel
- Hematology and Medical Oncology Department Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, CRH‐IMIB, Universidad de Murcia Murcia Spain
| | - Tzu Hua Chen‐Liang
- Hematology and Medical Oncology Department Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, CRH‐IMIB, Universidad de Murcia Murcia Spain
| | - María Zurdo
- Hematology and Medical Oncology Department Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, CRH‐IMIB, Universidad de Murcia Murcia Spain
| | - Anna Puiggros
- Molecular Cytogenetics Laboratory. Pathology Service Hospital del Mar Barcelona Spain
- Translational Research Group on Hematological Neoplasms Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM) Barcelona Spain
| | - Andrea Gómez‐Llonín
- Molecular Cytogenetics Laboratory. Pathology Service Hospital del Mar Barcelona Spain
- Translational Research Group on Hematological Neoplasms Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM) Barcelona Spain
| | - María Dolores García‐Malo
- Hematology and Medical Oncology Department Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, CRH‐IMIB, Universidad de Murcia Murcia Spain
| | - Ernesto José Cuenca‐Zamora
- Hematology and Medical Oncology Department Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, CRH‐IMIB, Universidad de Murcia Murcia Spain
- CB15/00055‐CIBERER Murcia Spain
| | - Francisco José Ortuño
- Hematology and Medical Oncology Department Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, CRH‐IMIB, Universidad de Murcia Murcia Spain
| | - Ana María Hurtado López
- Hematology and Medical Oncology Department Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, CRH‐IMIB, Universidad de Murcia Murcia Spain
| | - Blanca Espinet
- Molecular Cytogenetics Laboratory. Pathology Service Hospital del Mar Barcelona Spain
- Translational Research Group on Hematological Neoplasms Hospital del Mar Research Institute (IMIM) Barcelona Spain
| | - Andrés Jerez
- Hematology and Medical Oncology Department Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, CRH‐IMIB, Universidad de Murcia Murcia Spain
- CB15/00055‐CIBERER Murcia Spain
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18
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Chattopadhyay P, Khare K, Kumar M, Mishra P, Anand A, Maurya R, Gupta R, Sahni S, Gupta A, Wadhwa S, Yadav A, Devi P, Tardalkar K, Joshi M, Sethi T, Pandey R. Single-cell multiomics revealed the dynamics of antigen presentation, immune response and T cell activation in the COVID-19 positive and recovered individuals. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1034159. [PMID: 36532041 PMCID: PMC9755500 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1034159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Despite numerous efforts to describe COVID-19's immunological landscape, there is still a gap in our understanding of the virus's infections after-effects, especially in the recovered patients. This would be important to understand as we now have huge number of global populations infected by the SARS-CoV-2 as well as variables inclusive of VOCs, reinfections, and vaccination breakthroughs. Furthermore, single-cell transcriptome alone is often insufficient to understand the complex human host immune landscape underlying differential disease severity and clinical outcome. Methods By combining single-cell multi-omics (Whole Transcriptome Analysis plus Antibody-seq) and machine learning-based analysis, we aim to better understand the functional aspects of cellular and immunological heterogeneity in the COVID-19 positive, recovered and the healthy individuals. Results Based on single-cell transcriptome and surface marker study of 163,197 cells (124,726 cells after data QC) from the 33 individuals (healthy=4, COVID-19 positive=16, and COVID-19 recovered=13), we observed a reduced MHC Class-I-mediated antigen presentation and dysregulated MHC Class-II-mediated antigen presentation in the COVID-19 patients, with restoration of the process in the recovered individuals. B-cell maturation process was also impaired in the positive and the recovered individuals. Importantly, we discovered that a subset of the naive T-cells from the healthy individuals were absent from the recovered individuals, suggesting a post-infection inflammatory stage. Both COVID-19 positive patients and the recovered individuals exhibited a CD40-CD40LG-mediated inflammatory response in the monocytes and T-cell subsets. T-cells, NK-cells, and monocyte-mediated elevation of immunological, stress and antiviral responses were also seen in the COVID-19 positive and the recovered individuals, along with an abnormal T-cell activation, inflammatory response, and faster cellular transition of T cell subtypes in the COVID-19 patients. Importantly, above immune findings were used for a Bayesian network model, which significantly revealed FOS, CXCL8, IL1β, CST3, PSAP, CD45 and CD74 as COVID-19 severity predictors. Discussion In conclusion, COVID-19 recovered individuals exhibited a hyper-activated inflammatory response with the loss of B cell maturation, suggesting an impeded post-infection stage, necessitating further research to delineate the dynamic immune response associated with the COVID-19. To our knowledge this is first multi-omic study trying to understand the differential and dynamic immune response underlying the sample subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Partha Chattopadhyay
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Disease Biology, INtegrative GENomics of HOst-PathogEn (INGEN-HOPE) laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Kriti Khare
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Disease Biology, INtegrative GENomics of HOst-PathogEn (INGEN-HOPE) laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Delhi, India
| | - Pallavi Mishra
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Disease Biology, INtegrative GENomics of HOst-PathogEn (INGEN-HOPE) laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Delhi, India
| | - Alok Anand
- Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Ranjeet Maurya
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Disease Biology, INtegrative GENomics of HOst-PathogEn (INGEN-HOPE) laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Rohit Gupta
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Disease Biology, INtegrative GENomics of HOst-PathogEn (INGEN-HOPE) laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Delhi, India
| | - Shweta Sahni
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Delhi, India
| | - Ayushi Gupta
- Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Saruchi Wadhwa
- CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Delhi, India
| | - Aanchal Yadav
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Disease Biology, INtegrative GENomics of HOst-PathogEn (INGEN-HOPE) laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Priti Devi
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Disease Biology, INtegrative GENomics of HOst-PathogEn (INGEN-HOPE) laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Kishore Tardalkar
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Institute, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Meghnad Joshi
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Institute, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Tavpritesh Sethi
- Indraprastha Institute of Information Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajesh Pandey
- Division of Immunology and Infectious Disease Biology, INtegrative GENomics of HOst-PathogEn (INGEN-HOPE) laboratory, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR-IGIB), Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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19
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Zhao Y, He W, Wang C, Cui N, Yang C, You Z, Shi B, Xia L, Chen X. Characterization of intrahepatic B cells in acute-on-chronic liver failure. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1041176. [PMID: 36505417 PMCID: PMC9732531 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1041176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives Acute on chronic liver failure (ACLF) is characterized by the immunologic dissonance during the prolonged pathogenic development. Both abnormal innate immune response and adaptive T-cell response have been reported in patients with ACLF; however, less is known regarding B cells in ACLF pathogenesis. Previous reports were only based on immunophenotyping of peripheral blood samples. Here, we aim to dissect liver-infiltrating B-cell subpopulation in ACLF. Methods Paired liver perfusate and peripheral blood were freshly collected from healthy living donors and recipients during liver transplantation. Liver tissues were obtained from patients with ACLF, cirrhosis, and healthy controls. Flow cytometry was used to characterize the phenotypic and functional alterations in intrahepatic and circulating B-cell populations from ACLF, cirrhosis, and healthy controls. The expression of CD19+ and CD138+ on liver tissues was examined by immunohistochemistry staining. Results In this study, we first deciphered the intrahepatic B cells subsets of patients with ACLF. We found that the ACLF liver harbored reduced fraction of naïve B cells and elevated percentage of CD27+CD21- activated memory B cells (AM), CD27-CD21- atypical memory B cells (atMBC), CD27+IgD-IgM+(IgM+ memory B cells), and CD27+CD38++ plasma cells than cirrhosis and healthy controls. Moreover, these B subpopulations demonstrated enhanced activation and altered effector functions. Specifically, the ACLF liver was abundant in atMBC expressing higher CD11c and lower CD80 molecule, which was significantly correlated to alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase. In addition, we found that intrahepatic CD27+CD38++plasma cells were preferentially accumulated in ACLF, which expressed more CD273 (PD-L2) and secreted higher granzyme B and IL-10. Finally, the enriched hepatic plasma B cells were in positive association with disease severity indices including alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl transferase. Conclusions In this pilot study, we showed an intrahepatic B-cell landscape shaped by the ACLF liver environment, which was distinct from paired circulating B-cell subsets. The phenotypic and functional perturbation in atMBC and plasma cells highlighted the unique properties of infiltrating B cells during ACLF progression, thereby denoting the potential of B-cell intervention in ACLF therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudong Zhao
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei He
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, National Health Council (NHC) Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenchen Wang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nana Cui
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, National Health Council (NHC) Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changjie Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengrui You
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, National Health Council (NHC) Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bisheng Shi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao tong University, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Xiaosong Chen, ; Lei Xia, ; Bisheng Shi,
| | - Lei Xia
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Xiaosong Chen, ; Lei Xia, ; Bisheng Shi,
| | - Xiaosong Chen
- Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Xiaosong Chen, ; Lei Xia, ; Bisheng Shi,
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20
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Li K, Liu Y, Ding Y, Zhang Z, Feng J, Hu J, Chen J, Lian Z, Chen Y, Hu K, Chen Z, Cai Z, Liu M, Pang X. BCL6 is regulated by the MAPK/ELK1 axis and promotes KRAS-driven lung cancer. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:161308. [PMID: 36377663 PMCID: PMC9663163 DOI: 10.1172/jci161308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutational activation of KRAS is a common oncogenic event in lung cancer, yet effective therapies are still lacking. Here, we identify B cell lymphoma 6 (BCL6) as a lynchpin in KRAS-driven lung cancer. BCL6 expression was increased upon KRAS activation in lung tumor tissue in mice and was positively correlated with the expression of KRAS-GTP, the active form of KRAS, in various human cancer cell lines. Moreover, BCL6 was highly expressed in human KRAS-mutant lung adenocarcinomas and was associated with poor patient survival. Mechanistically, the MAPK/ERK/ELK1 signaling axis downstream of mutant KRAS directly regulated BCL6 expression. BCL6 maintained the global expression of prereplication complex components; therefore, BCL6 inhibition induced stalling of the replication fork, leading to DNA damage and growth arrest in KRAS-mutant lung cancer cells. Importantly, BCL6-specific knockout in lungs significantly reduced the tumor burden and mortality in the LSL-KrasG12D/+ lung cancer mouse model. Likewise, pharmacological inhibition of BCL6 significantly impeded the growth of KRAS-mutant lung cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. In summary, our findings reveal a crucial role of BCL6 in promoting KRAS-addicted lung cancer and suggest BCL6 as a therapeutic target for the treatment of this intractable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Li
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology and School of Life Sciences and
- Joint Translational Science and Technology Research Institute, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanan Liu
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology and School of Life Sciences and
| | - Yi Ding
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology and School of Life Sciences and
| | - Zhengwei Zhang
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology and School of Life Sciences and
| | - Juanjuan Feng
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology and School of Life Sciences and
| | - Jiaxin Hu
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology and School of Life Sciences and
| | - Jiwei Chen
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology and School of Life Sciences and
| | - Zhengke Lian
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology and School of Life Sciences and
| | - Yiliang Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kewen Hu
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Medical Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenyu Cai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingyao Liu
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology and School of Life Sciences and
| | - Xiufeng Pang
- Changning Maternity and Infant Health Hospital and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology and School of Life Sciences and
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21
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Wieland L, Schwarz T, Engel K, Volkmer I, Krüger A, Tarabuko A, Junghans J, Kornhuber ME, Hoffmann F, Staege MS, Emmer A. Epstein-Barr Virus-Induced Genes and Endogenous Retroviruses in Immortalized B Cells from Patients with Multiple Sclerosis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11223619. [PMID: 36429047 PMCID: PMC9688211 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS) is thought to be triggered by environmental factors in individuals with an unfavorable genetic predisposition. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is a major risk factor for subsequent development of MS. Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) can be activated by EBV, and might be a missing link between an initial EBV infection and the later onset of MS. In this study, we investigated differential gene expression patterns in EBV-immortalized lymphoblastoid B cell lines (LCL) from MS-affected individuals (MSLCL) and controls by using RNAseq and qRT-PCR. RNAseq data from LCL mapped to the human genome and a virtual virus metagenome were used to identify possible biomarkers for MS or disease-relevant risk factors, e.g., the relapse rate. We observed that lytic EBNA-1 transcripts seemed to be negatively correlated with age leading to an increased expression in LCL from younger PBMC donors. Further, HERV-K (HML-2) GAG was increased upon EBV-triggered immortalization. Besides the well-known transactivation of HERV-K18, our results suggest that another six HERV loci are up-regulated upon stimulation with EBV. We identified differentially expressed genes in MSLCL, e.g., several HERV-K loci, ERVMER61-1 and ERV3-1, as well as genes associated with relapses. In summary, EBV induces genes and HERV in LCL that might be suitable as biomarkers for MS or the relapse risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Wieland
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Department of Surgical and Conservative Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Tommy Schwarz
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Kristina Engel
- Department of Surgical and Conservative Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ines Volkmer
- Department of Surgical and Conservative Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Anna Krüger
- Department of Surgical and Conservative Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Alexander Tarabuko
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Jutta Junghans
- Department of Neurology, Martha-Maria Hospital Halle-Dölau, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Malte E. Kornhuber
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Frank Hoffmann
- Department of Neurology, Martha-Maria Hospital Halle-Dölau, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Martin S. Staege
- Department of Surgical and Conservative Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-34-5557-7280
| | - Alexander Emmer
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
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22
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Mu J, Lei L, Zheng Y, Li D, Li J, Fu Y, Wang G, Liu Y. Comparative study of subcutaneous, intramuscular, and oral administration of bovine pathogenic Escherichia coli bacterial ghost vaccine in mice. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1008131. [DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1008131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli is one of the most common bacterial pathogens in cattle. Prophylactic vaccines are considered promising strategies with the potential to reduce the incidence of colibacillosis. Some studies suggested that bacterial ghosts may serve as a novel approach for preventing bacterial infections. However, the roles of administration route on vaccine immunogenicity and efficacy have not been investigated. In this study, the efficacy of vaccination via different immune routes in generating humoral and cellular immune response was compared through subcutaneous (SC), intramuscular (IM), and oral (O) administration in female BALB/c mice with bacterial ghosts prepared using wild type Escherichia coli isolates CE9, while phosphate buffer saline (PBS) and inactivated vaccines containing aluminum adjuvants (Killed) were used as control. Our results showed that the plasmid pBV220-E-aa-SNA containing E. coli was efficiently cleaved at 42°C with 94.8% positive ratio as assessed by colony counts. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed bacteria retained intact surface structure while devoid of cytoplasmic component. We found that total IgG titers in killed, IM and SC groups showed significant increase on 7, 14, 21 and 28 days post-immunization. The IgA level of the IM group was higher than that of all other groups on the 28th day. Meanwhile, four experimental groups showed a significant difference in IgA levels compared with PBS control. In the IM group, an increase in the relative percentages of CD3+CD4+ T cells was accompanied by an increase in the relative percentages of splenic CD3+CD8+ T cells. In comparison with the inactivated vaccine, intramuscular CE9 ghosts immunization elicited higher levels of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6 and IL-12. Subcutaneous and intramuscular immunizations were significantly associated with improved survival in comparison with oral route, traditional vaccine and the control. Pathologic assessment revealed that less severe tissue damage and inflammation were found in lung, kidney, and intestine of IM group compared with other groups. The results above demonstrate that immunization of Escherichia coli CE9 ghosts via intramuscular injection elicits a more robust antigen-specific immune response in mice to prevent the Escherichia coli infection.
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23
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Chunder R, Schropp V, Jabari S, Marzin M, Amor S, Kuerten S. Identification of a novel role for matrix metalloproteinase-3 in the modulation of B cell responses in multiple sclerosis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1025377. [PMID: 36389698 PMCID: PMC9644161 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1025377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been a growing interest in the presence and role of B cell aggregates within the central nervous system of multiple sclerosis patients. However, very little is known about the expression profile of molecules associated with these aggregates and how they might be influencing aggregate development or persistence in the brain. The current study focuses on the effect of matrix metalloproteinase-3, which is associated with B cell aggregates in autopsied multiple sclerosis brain tissue, on B cells. Autopsied brain sections from multiple sclerosis cases and controls were screened for the presence of CD20+ B cell aggregates and expression of matrix metalloproteinase-3. Using flow cytometry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and gene array as methods, in vitro studies were conducted using peripheral blood of healthy volunteers to demonstrate the effect of matrix metalloproteinase-3 on B cells. Autopsied brain sections from multiple sclerosis patients containing aggregates of B cells expressed a significantly higher amount of matrix metalloproteinase-3 compared to controls. In vitro experiments demonstrated that matrix metalloproteinase-3 dampened the overall activation status of B cells by downregulating CD69, CD80 and CD86. Furthermore, matrix metalloproteinase-3-treated B cells produced significantly lower amounts of interleukin-6. Gene array data confirmed that matrix metalloproteinase-3 altered the proliferation and survival profiles of B cells. Taken together, out data indicate a role for B cell modulatory properties of matrix metalloproteinase-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rittika Chunder
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Verena Schropp
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Samir Jabari
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospitals Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Manuel Marzin
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sandra Amor
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Stefanie Kuerten
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
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24
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Parry H, Bruton R, Ayodele R, Sylla P, McIlroy G, Logan N, Scott S, Nicol S, Verma K, Stephens C, Willett B, Zuo J, Moss P. Vaccine subtype and dose interval determine immunogenicity of primary series COVID-19 vaccines in older people. Cell Rep Med 2022; 3:100739. [PMID: 36075216 PMCID: PMC9404227 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Age is the strongest determinant of COVID-19 mortality, and over 2 billion people have received primary series vaccination with BNT162b2 (mRNA) or ChAdOx1 (adenoviral vector). However, the profile of sustained vaccine immunogenicity in older people is unknown. Here, we determine spike-specific humoral and cellular immunity to 8 months following BNT162b2 or ChAdOx1 in 245 people aged 80-98 years. Vaccines are strongly immunogenic, with antibodies retained in every donor, while titers fall to 23%-26% from peak. Peak immunity develops rapidly with standard interval BNT162b2, although antibody titers are enhanced 3.7-fold with extended interval. Neutralization of ancestral variants is superior following BNT162b2, while neutralization of Omicron is broadly negative. Conversely, cellular responses are stronger following ChAdOx1 and are retained to 33%-60% of peak with all vaccines. BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1 elicit strong, but differential, sustained immunogenicity in older people. These data provide a baseline to assess optimal booster regimen in this vulnerable age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Parry
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Rachel Bruton
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Reni Ayodele
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Penny Sylla
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Graham McIlroy
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Nicola Logan
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Sam Scott
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Sam Nicol
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Kriti Verma
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Christine Stephens
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Brian Willett
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Jianmin Zuo
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Paul Moss
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
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25
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Chen HY, Almonte-Loya A, Lay FY, Hsu M, Johnson E, González-Avalos E, Yin J, Bruno RS, Ma Q, Ghoneim HE, Wozniak DJ, Harrison FE, Lio CWJ. Epigenetic remodeling by vitamin C potentiates plasma cell differentiation. eLife 2022; 11:73754. [PMID: 36069787 PMCID: PMC9451539 DOI: 10.7554/elife.73754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ascorbate (vitamin C) is an essential micronutrient in humans. The severe chronic deficiency of ascorbate, termed scurvy, has long been associated with increased susceptibility to infections. How ascorbate affects the immune system at the cellular and molecular levels remained unclear. From a micronutrient analysis, we identified ascorbate as a potent enhancer for antibody response by facilitating the IL-21/STAT3-dependent plasma cell differentiation in mouse and human B cells. The effect of ascorbate is unique as other antioxidants failed to promote plasma cell differentiation. Ascorbate is especially critical during early B cell activation by poising the cells to plasma cell lineage without affecting the proximal IL-21/STAT3 signaling and the overall transcriptome. As a cofactor for epigenetic enzymes, ascorbate facilitates TET2/3-mediated DNA modification and demethylation of multiple elements at the Prdm1 locus. DNA demethylation augments STAT3 association at the Prdm1 promoter and a downstream enhancer, thus ensuring efficient gene expression and plasma cell differentiation. The results suggest that an adequate level of ascorbate is required for antibody response and highlight how micronutrients may regulate the activity of epigenetic enzymes to regulate gene expression. Our findings imply that epigenetic enzymes can function as sensors to gauge the availability of metabolites and influence cell fate decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng-Yi Chen
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Ana Almonte-Loya
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Division of Gene Expression and Signaling, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Fang-Yun Lay
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Michael Hsu
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Eric Johnson
- Division of Gene Expression and Signaling, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Edahí González-Avalos
- Division of Gene Expression and Signaling, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Jieyun Yin
- Division of Gene Expression and Signaling, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Richard S Bruno
- Human Nutrition Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Qin Ma
- Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Hazem E Ghoneim
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Daniel J Wozniak
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Fiona E Harrison
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Chan-Wang Jerry Lio
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Division of Gene Expression and Signaling, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, San Diego, CA, United States.,Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The James Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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26
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Diverging regulation of Bach2 protein and RNA expression determine cell fate in early B cell response. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111035. [PMID: 35793628 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
During the early phase of primary humoral responses, activated B cells can differentiate into different types of effector cells, dependent on B cell receptor affinity for antigen. However, the pivotal transcription factors governing these processes remain to be elucidated. Here, we show that transcription factor Bach2 protein in activated B cells is transiently induced by affinity-related signals and mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1)-dependent translation to restrain their expansion and differentiation into plasma cells while promoting memory and germinal center (GC) B cell fates. Affinity-related signals also downregulate Bach2 mRNA expression in activated B cells and their descendant memory B cells. Sustained and higher concentrations of Bach2 antagonize the GC fate. Repression of Bach2 in memory B cells predisposes their cell-fate choices upon memory recall. Our study reveals that differential dynamics of Bach2 protein and transcripts in activated B cells control their cell-fate outcomes and imprint the fates of their descendant effector cells.
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27
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Hu Q, Xu T, Zhang W, Huang C. Bach2 regulates B cell survival to maintain germinal centers and promote B cell memory. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 618:86-92. [PMID: 35716600 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor Bach2 serves as a crucial regulator of the germinal center (GC) reaction, which is required for production of high-affinity antibodies and establishment of long-lived B cell memory. However, the stage at which Bach2 controls the GC programs and the precise mechanism underlying these processes remain poorly understood. In this study, we show that genetic ablation of Bach2 in GC B cells of mice impairs their survival and maintenance, and memory B cell formation. These defects can be rescued by enforced expression of anti-apoptotic gene Bcl2. As expected, Bach2-deficient GC B cells are defective in antibody affinity maturation, but have normal somatic hyper mutation and class switch recombination of immunoglobulin genes. Mechanistically, Bach2 controls the GC programs by directly repressing pro-apoptotic gene Bim and a set of genes involved in cell stress response and metabolic processes. Thus, our work reveals the precise roles of Bach2 in the GC biology, and demonstrates that Bach2 acts as a crucial survival regulator of GC B cells, providing a key mechanism underlying GC B maintenance and B cell memory formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianwen Hu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology & Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Tingting Xu
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology & Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Wenqian Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology & Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Chuanxin Huang
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology & Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Faculty of Basic Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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28
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Zhou P. Emerging mechanisms and applications of low-dose IL-2 therapy in autoimmunity. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2022; 67:80-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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29
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Ogongo P, Nyakundi RK, Chege GK, Ochola L. The Road to Elimination: Current State of Schistosomiasis Research and Progress Towards the End Game. Front Immunol 2022; 13:846108. [PMID: 35592327 PMCID: PMC9112563 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.846108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The new WHO Roadmap for Neglected Tropical Diseases targets the global elimination of schistosomiasis as a public health problem. To date, control strategies have focused on effective diagnostics, mass drug administration, complementary and integrative public health interventions. Non-mammalian intermediate hosts and other vertebrates promote transmission of schistosomiasis and have been utilized as experimental model systems. Experimental animal models that recapitulate schistosomiasis immunology, disease progression, and pathology observed in humans are important in testing and validation of control interventions. We discuss the pivotal value of these models in contributing to elimination of schistosomiasis. Treatment of schistosomiasis relies heavily on mass drug administration of praziquantel whose efficacy is comprised due to re-infections and experimental systems have revealed the inability to kill juvenile schistosomes. In terms of diagnosis, nonhuman primate models have demonstrated the low sensitivity of the gold standard Kato Katz smear technique. Antibody assays are valuable tools for evaluating efficacy of candidate vaccines, and sera from graded infection experiments are useful for evaluating diagnostic sensitivity of different targets. Lastly, the presence of Schistosomes can compromise the efficacy of vaccines to other infectious diseases and its elimination will benefit control programs of the other diseases. As the focus moves towards schistosomiasis elimination, it will be critical to integrate treatment, diagnostics, novel research tools such as sequencing, improved understanding of disease pathogenesis and utilization of experimental models to assist with evaluating performance of new approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Ogongo
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Department of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Institute of Primate Research, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Ruth K Nyakundi
- Department of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Institute of Primate Research, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Gerald K Chege
- Primate Unit & Delft Animal Centre, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa.,Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lucy Ochola
- Department of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Institute of Primate Research, Nairobi, Kenya.,Department of Environmental Health, School of Behavioural and Lifestyle Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nelson Mandela University, Gqeberha, South Africa
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30
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Michée-Cospolite M, Boudigou M, Grasseau A, Simon Q, Mignen O, Pers JO, Cornec D, Le Pottier L, Hillion S. Molecular Mechanisms Driving IL-10- Producing B Cells Functions: STAT3 and c-MAF as Underestimated Central Key Regulators? Front Immunol 2022; 13:818814. [PMID: 35359922 PMCID: PMC8961445 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.818814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory B cells (Bregs) have been highlighted in very different pathology settings including autoimmune diseases, allergy, graft rejection, and cancer. Improving tools for the characterization of Bregs has become the main objective especially in humans. Transitional, mature B cells and plasma cells can differentiate into IL-10 producing Bregs in both mice and humans, suggesting that Bregs are not derived from unique precursors but may arise from different competent progenitors at unrestricted development stages. Moreover, in addition to IL-10 production, regulatory B cells used a broad range of suppressing mechanisms to modulate the immune response. Although Bregs have been consistently described in the literature, only a few reports described the molecular aspects that control the acquisition of the regulatory function. In this manuscript, we detailed the latest reports describing the control of IL-10, TGFβ, and GZMB production in different Breg subsets at the molecular level. We focused on the understanding of the role of the transcription factors STAT3 and c-MAF in controlling IL-10 production in murine and human B cells and how these factors may represent an important crossroad of several key drivers of the Breg response. Finally, we provided original data supporting the evidence that MAF is expressed in human IL-10- producing plasmablast and could be induced in vitro following different stimulation cocktails. At steady state, we reported that MAF is expressed in specific human B-cell tonsillar subsets including the IgD+ CD27+ unswitched population, germinal center cells and plasmablast.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Divi Cornec
- U1227, LBAI, Univ Brest, Inserm, and CHU Brest, Brest, France
| | | | - Sophie Hillion
- U1227, LBAI, Univ Brest, Inserm, and CHU Brest, Brest, France
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31
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Descatoire M, Fritzen R, Rotman S, Kuntzelman G, Leber XC, Droz-Georget S, Thrasher AJ, Traggiai E, Candotti F. Critical role of WASp in germinal center tolerance through regulation of B cell apoptosis and diversification. Cell Rep 2022; 38:110474. [PMID: 35263577 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A main feature of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is increased susceptibility to autoimmunity. A key contribution of B cells to development of these complications has been demonstrated through studies of samples from affected individuals and mouse models of the disease, but the role of the WAS protein (WASp) in controlling peripheral tolerance has not been specifically explored. Here we show that B cell responses remain T cell dependent in constitutive WASp-deficient mice, whereas selective WASp deletion in germinal center B cells (GCBs) is sufficient to induce broad development of self-reactive antibodies and kidney pathology, pointing to loss of germinal center tolerance as a primary cause leading to autoimmunity. Mechanistically, we show that WASp is upregulated in GCBs and regulates apoptosis and plasma cell differentiation in the germinal center and that the somatic hypermutation-derived diversification is the basis of autoantibody development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Descatoire
- Laboratory of Inherited Immune Disorders, Division of Immunology and Allergy, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | | | - Samuel Rotman
- Service of Clinical Pathology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Stephanie Droz-Georget
- Laboratory of Inherited Immune Disorders, Division of Immunology and Allergy, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Adrian J Thrasher
- University College of London, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | | | - Fabio Candotti
- Laboratory of Inherited Immune Disorders, Division of Immunology and Allergy, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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32
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Clubb JHA, Kudling TV, Heiniö C, Basnet S, Pakola S, Cervera Carrascón V, Santos JM, Quixabeira DCA, Havunen R, Sorsa S, Zheng V, Salo T, Bäck L, Aro K, Tulokas S, Loimu V, Hemminki A. Adenovirus Encoding Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha and Interleukin 2 Induces a Tertiary Lymphoid Structure Signature in Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Refractory Head and Neck Cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:794251. [PMID: 35355980 PMCID: PMC8959099 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.794251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have provided significant improvement in clinical outcomes for some patients with solid tumors. However, for patients with head and neck cancer, the response rate to ICI monotherapy remains low, leading to the exploration of combinatorial treatment strategies. In this preclinical study, we use an oncolytic adenovirus (Ad5/3) encoding hTNFα and hIL-2 and non-replicate adenoviruses (Ad5) encoding mTNFα and mIL-2 with ICI to achieve superior tumor growth control and improved survival outcomes. The in vitro effect of Ad5/3-E2F-D24-hTNFa-IRES-hIL-2 was characterized through analyses of virus replication, transgene expression and lytic activity using head and neck cancer patient derived cell lines. Mouse models of ICI naïve and refractory oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma were established to evaluate the local and systemic anti-tumor immune response upon ICI treatment with or without the non-replicative adenovirus encoding mTNFα and mIL-2. We delineated the mechanism of action by measuring the metabolic activity and effector function of CD3+ tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) and transcriptomic profile of the CD45+ tumor immune compartment. Ad5/3-E2F-D24-hTNFa-IRES-hIL-2 demonstrated robust replicative capability in vitro across all head and neck cell lines screened through potent lytic activity, E1a and transgene expression. In vivo, in both ICI naïve and refractory models, we observed improvement to tumor growth control and long-term survival when combining anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 with the non-replicative adenovirus encoding mTNFα and mIL-2 compared to monotherapies. This observation was verified by striking CD3+ TIL derived mGranzyme b and interferon gamma production complemented by increased T cell bioenergetics. Notably, interrogation of the tumor immune transcriptome revealed the upregulation of a gene signature distinctive of tertiary lymphoid structure formation upon treatment of murine anti-PD-L1 refractory tumors with non-replicative adenovirus encoding mTNFα and mIL-2. In addition, we detected an increase in anti-tumor antibody production and expansion of the memory T cell compartment in the secondary lymphoid organs. In summary, a non-replicative adenovirus encoding mTNFα and mIL-2 potentiates ICI therapy, demonstrated by improved tumor growth control and survival in head and neck tumor-bearing mice. Moreover, the data reveals a potential approach for inducing tertiary lymphoid structure formation. Altogether our results support the clinical potential of combining this adenovirotherapy with anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1.
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Affiliation(s)
- James H. A. Clubb
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Immunology Research Program (TRIMM), Research Program Unit (RPU), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tatiana V. Kudling
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Immunology Research Program (TRIMM), Research Program Unit (RPU), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Camilla Heiniö
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Immunology Research Program (TRIMM), Research Program Unit (RPU), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Saru Basnet
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Immunology Research Program (TRIMM), Research Program Unit (RPU), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Santeri Pakola
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Immunology Research Program (TRIMM), Research Program Unit (RPU), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Víctor Cervera Carrascón
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Immunology Research Program (TRIMM), Research Program Unit (RPU), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - João Manuel Santos
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Immunology Research Program (TRIMM), Research Program Unit (RPU), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dafne C. A. Quixabeira
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Immunology Research Program (TRIMM), Research Program Unit (RPU), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riikka Havunen
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Immunology Research Program (TRIMM), Research Program Unit (RPU), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Suvi Sorsa
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Immunology Research Program (TRIMM), Research Program Unit (RPU), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vincent Zheng
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Immunology Research Program (TRIMM), Research Program Unit (RPU), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuula Salo
- Translational Immunology Research Program (TRIMM), Research Program Unit (RPU), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Oulu University Central Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Leif Bäck
- Department of Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Helsinki Head and Neck Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katri Aro
- Department of Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Helsinki Head and Neck Center, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sanni Tulokas
- Department of Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Venla Loimu
- Department of Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Akseli Hemminki
- Cancer Gene Therapy Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- TILT Biotherapeutics Ltd, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Immunology Research Program (TRIMM), Research Program Unit (RPU), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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33
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Boothby MR, Brookens SK, Raybuck AL, Cho SH. Supplying the trip to antibody production-nutrients, signaling, and the programming of cellular metabolism in the mature B lineage. Cell Mol Immunol 2022; 19:352-369. [PMID: 34782762 PMCID: PMC8591438 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-021-00782-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID pandemic has refreshed and expanded recognition of the vital role that sustained antibody (Ab) secretion plays in our immune defenses against microbes and of the importance of vaccines that elicit Ab protection against infection. With this backdrop, it is especially timely to review aspects of the molecular programming that govern how the cells that secrete Abs arise, persist, and meet the challenge of secreting vast amounts of these glycoproteins. Whereas plasmablasts and plasma cells (PCs) are the primary sources of secreted Abs, the process leading to the existence of these cell types starts with naive B lymphocytes that proliferate and differentiate toward several potential fates. At each step, cells reside in specific microenvironments in which they not only receive signals from cytokines and other cell surface receptors but also draw on the interstitium for nutrients. Nutrients in turn influence flux through intermediary metabolism and sensor enzymes that regulate gene transcription, translation, and metabolism. This review will focus on nutrient supply and how sensor mechanisms influence distinct cellular stages that lead to PCs and their adaptations as factories dedicated to Ab secretion. Salient findings of this group and others, sometimes exhibiting differences, will be summarized with regard to the journey to a distinctive metabolic program in PCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R Boothby
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Molecular Pathogenesis Division, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Rheumatology & Immunology Division, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Cancer Biology Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Vanderbilt Institute of Infection, Inflammation, and Immunology, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
| | - Shawna K Brookens
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Molecular Pathogenesis Division, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Cancer Biology Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Ariel L Raybuck
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Molecular Pathogenesis Division, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Sung Hoon Cho
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Molecular Pathogenesis Division, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute of Infection, Inflammation, and Immunology, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
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34
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Pivotal role of PIM2 kinase in plasmablast generation and plasma cell survival, opening new treatment options in myeloma. Blood 2022; 139:2316-2337. [PMID: 35108359 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2021014011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The differentiation of B cells into plasmablasts (PBs) and then plasma cells (PCs) is associated with extensive cell reprogramming and new cell functions. By using specific inhibition strategies (including a novel morpholino RNA antisense approach), we found that early, sustained upregulation of the proviral integrations of Moloney virus 2 (PIM2) kinase is a pivotal event during human B cell in vitro differentiation and then continues in mature normal and malignant PCs in the bone marrow. In particular, PIM2 sustained the G1/S transition by acting on CDC25A and p27Kip1 and hindering caspase 3-driven apoptosis through BAD phosphorylation and cytoplasmic stabilization of p21Cip1. In PCs, interleukin-6 triggered PIM2 expression, resulting in anti-apoptotic effects on which malignant PCs were particularly dependent. In multiple myeloma, pan-PIM and MCL1 inhibitors displayed synergistic activity. Our results highlight a cell-autonomous function that links kinase activity to the PBs' newly acquired secretion ability and the adaptability observed in both normal and malignant PCs, and finally should prompt the reconsideration of PIM2 as a therapeutic target in multiple myeloma.
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35
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Hoshino Y, Noto D, Sano S, Tomizawa Y, Yokoyama K, Hattori N, Miyake S. Dysregulated B cell differentiation towards antibody-secreting cells in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:6. [PMID: 34991631 PMCID: PMC8740356 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-021-02375-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anti-aquaporin 4 (AQP4) antibody (AQP4-Ab) is involved in the pathogenesis of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). However, the mechanism involved in AQP4-Ab production remains unclear. Methods We analyzed the immunophenotypes of patients with NMOSD and other neuroinflammatory diseases as well as healthy controls (HC) using flow cytometry. Transcriptome analysis of B cell subsets obtained from NMOSD patients and HCs was performed. The differentiation capacity of B cell subsets into antibody-secreting cells was analyzed. Results The frequencies of switched memory B (SMB) cells and plasmablasts were increased and that of naïve B cells was decreased in NMOSD patients compared with relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis patients and HC. SMB cells from NMOSD patients had an enhanced potential to differentiate into antibody-secreting cells when cocultured with T peripheral helper cells. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the profiles of B cell lineage transcription factors in NMOSD were skewed towards antibody-secreting cells and that IL-2 signaling was upregulated, particularly in naïve B cells. Naïve B cells expressing CD25, a receptor of IL-2, were increased in NMOSD patients and had a higher potential to differentiate into antibody-secreting cells, suggesting CD25+ naïve B cells are committed to differentiate into antibody-secreting cells. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that B cells in NMOSD patients are abnormally skewed towards antibody-secreting cells at the transcriptome level during the early differentiation phase, and that IL-2 might participate in this pathogenic process. Our study indicates that CD25+ naïve B cells are a novel candidate precursor of antibody-secreting cells in autoimmune diseases. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-021-02375-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunobu Hoshino
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Noto
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Shuhei Sano
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Yuji Tomizawa
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Yokoyama
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Hattori
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sachiko Miyake
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
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36
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Santamaria K, Desmots F, Leonard S, Caron G, Haas M, Delaloy C, Chatonnet F, Rossille D, Pignarre A, Monvoisin C, Seffals M, Lamaison C, Cogné M, Tarte K, Fest T. Committed Human CD23-Negative Light-Zone Germinal Center B Cells Delineate Transcriptional Program Supporting Plasma Cell Differentiation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:744573. [PMID: 34925321 PMCID: PMC8674954 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.744573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
B cell affinity maturation occurs in the germinal center (GC). Light-zone (LZ) GC B cells (BGC-cells) interact with follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) and compete for the limited, sequential help from T follicular helper cells needed to escape from apoptosis and complete their differentiation. The highest-affinity LZ BGC-cells enter the cell cycle and differentiate into PCs, following a dramatic epigenetic reorganization that induces transcriptome changes in general and the expression of the PRDM1 gene in particular. Human PC precursors are characterized by the loss of IL-4/STAT6 signaling and the absence of CD23 expression. Here, we studied the fate of human LZ BGC-cells as a function of their CD23 expression. We first showed that CD23 expression was restricted to the GC LZ, where it was primarily expressed by FDCs; less than 10% of tonsil LZ BGC-cells were positive. Sorted LZ BGC-cells left in culture and stimulated upregulated CD23 expression but were unable to differentiate into PCs – in contrast to cells that did not upregulate CD23 expression. An in-depth analysis (including single-cell gene expression) showed that stimulated CD23-negative LZ BGC-cells differentiated into plasmablasts and time course of gene expression changes delineates the transcriptional program that sustains PC differentiation. In particular, we identified a B cell proliferation signature supported by a transient MYC gene expression. Overall, the CD23 marker might be of value in answering questions about the differentiation of normal BGC-cells and allowed us to propose an instructive LZ BGC-cells maturation and fate model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Santamaria
- UMR 1236, University of Rennes 1, INSERM, Établissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes, France
| | - Fabienne Desmots
- UMR 1236, University of Rennes 1, INSERM, Établissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes, France.,Pôle de Biologie, Rennes University Medical Center, Rennes, France
| | - Simon Leonard
- UMR 1236, University of Rennes 1, INSERM, Établissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes, France.,LabEx IGO "Immunotherapy, Graft, Oncology", Nantes, France
| | - Gersende Caron
- UMR 1236, University of Rennes 1, INSERM, Établissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes, France.,Pôle de Biologie, Rennes University Medical Center, Rennes, France
| | - Marion Haas
- UMR 1236, University of Rennes 1, INSERM, Établissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes, France.,Pôle de Biologie, Rennes University Medical Center, Rennes, France
| | - Céline Delaloy
- UMR 1236, University of Rennes 1, INSERM, Établissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes, France
| | - Fabrice Chatonnet
- UMR 1236, University of Rennes 1, INSERM, Établissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes, France.,Pôle de Biologie, Rennes University Medical Center, Rennes, France
| | - Delphine Rossille
- UMR 1236, University of Rennes 1, INSERM, Établissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes, France.,Pôle de Biologie, Rennes University Medical Center, Rennes, France
| | - Amandine Pignarre
- UMR 1236, University of Rennes 1, INSERM, Établissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes, France.,Pôle de Biologie, Rennes University Medical Center, Rennes, France
| | - Céline Monvoisin
- UMR 1236, University of Rennes 1, INSERM, Établissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes, France
| | - Marine Seffals
- University of Rennes 1, UMS Biosit, H2P2 Platform, Rennes, France
| | - Claire Lamaison
- UMR 1236, University of Rennes 1, INSERM, Établissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes, France
| | - Michel Cogné
- UMR 1236, University of Rennes 1, INSERM, Établissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes, France.,Pôle de Biologie, Rennes University Medical Center, Rennes, France
| | - Karin Tarte
- UMR 1236, University of Rennes 1, INSERM, Établissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes, France.,Pôle de Biologie, Rennes University Medical Center, Rennes, France
| | - Thierry Fest
- UMR 1236, University of Rennes 1, INSERM, Établissement Français du Sang Bretagne, Rennes, France.,Pôle de Biologie, Rennes University Medical Center, Rennes, France
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37
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Payne RP, Longet S, Austin JA, Skelly DT, Dejnirattisai W, Adele S, Meardon N, Faustini S, Al-Taei S, Moore SC, Tipton T, Hering LM, Angyal A, Brown R, Nicols AR, Gillson N, Dobson SL, Amini A, Supasa P, Cross A, Bridges-Webb A, Reyes LS, Linder A, Sandhar G, Kilby JA, Tyerman JK, Altmann T, Hornsby H, Whitham R, Phillips E, Malone T, Hargreaves A, Shields A, Saei A, Foulkes S, Stafford L, Johnson S, Wootton DG, Conlon CP, Jeffery K, Matthews PC, Frater J, Deeks AS, Pollard AJ, Brown A, Rowland-Jones SL, Mongkolsapaya J, Barnes E, Hopkins S, Hall V, Dold C, Duncan CJA, Richter A, Carroll M, Screaton G, de Silva TI, Turtle L, Klenerman P, Dunachie S. Immunogenicity of standard and extended dosing intervals of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine. Cell 2021; 184:5699-5714.e11. [PMID: 34735795 PMCID: PMC8519781 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2021.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Extension of the interval between vaccine doses for the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine was introduced in the United Kingdom to accelerate population coverage with a single dose. At this time, trial data were lacking, and we addressed this in a study of United Kingdom healthcare workers. The first vaccine dose induced protection from infection from the circulating alpha (B.1.1.7) variant over several weeks. In a substudy of 589 individuals, we show that this single dose induces severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) neutralizing antibody (NAb) responses and a sustained B and T cell response to the spike protein. NAb levels were higher after the extended dosing interval (6-14 weeks) compared with the conventional 3- to 4-week regimen, accompanied by enrichment of CD4+ T cells expressing interleukin-2 (IL-2). Prior SARS-CoV-2 infection amplified and accelerated the response. These data on dynamic cellular and humoral responses indicate that extension of the dosing interval is an effective immunogenic protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca P Payne
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute Immunity and Inflammation Theme, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK.
| | - Stephanie Longet
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - James A Austin
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Donal T Skelly
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK; Nuffield Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Wanwisa Dejnirattisai
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sandra Adele
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Naomi Meardon
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Sian Faustini
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Saly Al-Taei
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Shona C Moore
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Tom Tipton
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Luisa M Hering
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Adrienn Angyal
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Rebecca Brown
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Alexander R Nicols
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute Immunity and Inflammation Theme, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | | | - Susan L Dobson
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ali Amini
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK; Translational Gastroenterology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Piyada Supasa
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew Cross
- Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Alice Bridges-Webb
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Laura Silva Reyes
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Aline Linder
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Gurjinder Sandhar
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Jonathan A Kilby
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Jessica K Tyerman
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute Immunity and Inflammation Theme, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Thomas Altmann
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute Immunity and Inflammation Theme, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK; Great North Children's Hospital, Newcastle, UK
| | - Hailey Hornsby
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Rachel Whitham
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Eloise Phillips
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tom Malone
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alexander Hargreaves
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Adrian Shields
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ayoub Saei
- Public Health England, Colindale, London, UK
| | | | - Lizzie Stafford
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Sile Johnson
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK; Oxford University Medical School, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniel G Wootton
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK; Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Christopher P Conlon
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK; Oxford Centre For Global Health Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Katie Jeffery
- Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK; Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Philippa C Matthews
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - John Frater
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Alexandra S Deeks
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrew J Pollard
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Anthony Brown
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sarah L Rowland-Jones
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK; Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Juthathip Mongkolsapaya
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Siriraj Center of Research Excellence in Dengue & Emerging Pathogens, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Eleanor Barnes
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK; Translational Gastroenterology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Susan Hopkins
- Public Health England, Colindale, London, UK; Faculty of Medicine, Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK; NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infection and Antimicrobial Resistance, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Victoria Hall
- Public Health England, Colindale, London, UK; NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare Associated Infection and Antimicrobial Resistance, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Christina Dold
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Christopher J A Duncan
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute Immunity and Inflammation Theme, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK; Department of Infection and Tropical Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK
| | - Alex Richter
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Miles Carroll
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Gavin Screaton
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Thushan I de Silva
- Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK; Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Lance Turtle
- NIHR Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections, Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK; Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK; Translational Gastroenterology Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Susanna Dunachie
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK; Oxford Centre For Global Health Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Bangkok, Thailand
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38
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Delaloy C, Schuh W, Jäck HM, Bonaud A, Espéli M. Single cell resolution of Plasma Cell fate programming in health and disease. Eur J Immunol 2021; 52:10-23. [PMID: 34694625 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202149216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Long considered a homogeneous population dedicated to antibody secretion, plasma cell phenotypic and functional heterogeneity is increasingly recognised. Plasma cells were first segregated based on their maturation level, but the complexity of this subset might well be underestimated by this simple dichotomy. Indeed, in the last decade new functions have been attributed to plasma cells including but not limited to cytokine secretion. However, a proper characterization of plasma cell heterogeneity has remained elusive partly due to technical issues and cellular features that are specific to this cell type. Cell intrinsic and cell extrinsic signals could be at the origin of this heterogeneity. Recent advances in technologies like single cell RNA-seq, ATAC-seq or ChIP-seq on low cell numbers helped to elucidate the fate decision in other cell lineages and similar approaches could be implemented to evaluate the heterogeneous fate of activated B cells in health and disease. Here, we summarized published work shedding some lights on the stimuli and genetic program shaping B cell terminal differentiation at the single cell level in mice and men. We also discuss the fate and heterogeneity of plasma cells during immune responses, vaccination and in the frame of human plasma cell disorders. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline Delaloy
- UMR U1236, Université de Rennes 1, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS) de Bretagne, LabEx IGO, 2 Av du Pr Léon Bernard, Rennes, 35043, France.,French Germinal Center Club, French Society for Immunology (SFI), Paris, 75015, France
| | - Wolfgang Schuh
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans-Martin Jäck
- Division of Molecular Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuernberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Amélie Bonaud
- Université de Paris, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, EMiLy, Inserm U1160, Paris, F-75010, France.,OPALE Carnot Institute, The Organization for Partnerships in Leukemia, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Marion Espéli
- French Germinal Center Club, French Society for Immunology (SFI), Paris, 75015, France.,Université de Paris, Institut de Recherche Saint Louis, EMiLy, Inserm U1160, Paris, F-75010, France.,OPALE Carnot Institute, The Organization for Partnerships in Leukemia, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
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39
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Hsieh EW, Hernandez JD. Clean up by aisle 2: roles for IL-2 receptors in host defense and tolerance. Curr Opin Immunol 2021; 72:298-308. [PMID: 34479098 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2021.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Although IL-2 was first recognized as growth factor for T cells, it is now also appreciated to be a key regulator of T cells through its effects on regulatory T cells (Treg). The IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) subunits' different (i) ligand affinities, (ii) dimerization or trimerization relationships with other cytokine subunits, (iii) expression across multiple cell types, and (iv) downstream signaling effects, largely dictate cellular tolerance and antimicrobial processes. Defects in IL-2Rγ result in profound and almost universally fatal immune deficiency, unless treated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Defects in IL-2Rα and IL-2Rβ result in more limited infection susceptibility, particularly to herpesviruses. However, the most prominent clinical symptomatology for IL-2Rα and IL-2Rβ defects include multi-organ autoimmunity and inflammation, consistent with the critical role of IL-2 in establishing and maintaining immune tolerance. Here, we review how we have arrived at our current understanding of the complex roles of IL-2/2R in host defense and tolerance focusing on the insights gained from human clinical immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Wy Hsieh
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Children's Hospital Colorado, United States; Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, United States.
| | - Joseph D Hernandez
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, United States
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40
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Plasmablasts derive from CD23- activated B cells after the extinction of IL-4/STAT6 signaling and IRF4 induction. Blood 2021; 137:1166-1180. [PMID: 33150420 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020005083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The terminal differentiation of B cells into antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) is a critical component of adaptive immune responses. However, it is a very sensitive process, and dysfunctions lead to a variety of lymphoproliferative neoplasias including germinal center-derived lymphomas. To better characterize the late genomic events that drive the ASC differentiation of human primary naive B cells, we used our in vitro differentiation system and a combination of RNA sequencing and Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin with high-throughput sequencing (ATAC sequencing). We discovered 2 mechanisms that drive human terminal B-cell differentiation. First, after an initial response to interleukin-4 (IL-4), cells that were committed to an ASC fate downregulated the CD23 marker and IL-4 signaling, whereas cells that maintained IL-4 signaling did not differentiate. Second, human CD23- cells also increased IRF4 protein to levels required for ASC differentiation, but they did that independently of the ubiquitin-mediated degradation process previously described in mice. Finally, we showed that CD23- cells carried the imprint of their previous activated B-cell status, were precursors of plasmablasts, and had a phenotype similar to that of in vivo preplasmablasts. Altogether, our results provide an unprecedented genomic characterization of the fate decision between activated B cells and plasmablasts, which provides new insights into the pathological mechanisms that drive lymphoma biology.
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41
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Hagen SH, Hennesen J, Altfeld M. Assessment of escape from X chromosome inactivation and gene expression in single human immune cells. STAR Protoc 2021; 2:100641. [PMID: 34355200 PMCID: PMC8319808 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2021.100641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
X-chromosomal genes escaping from X chromosome inactivation (XCI) in immune cells can contribute to sex-specific differences in immune responses. This protocol describes the specific steps to determine escape from XCI and to simultaneously quantify mRNA expression of multiple genes at the single immune cell level using a single-nucleotide polymorphism approach. The protocol furthermore allows the analysis of allele-specific expression of X-chromosomal genes. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Hagen et al. (2020). Approach to investigate escape from XCI and gene expression in single cells Simultaneous gene expression measurement of over 100 genes in one cell Assessment of allele-specific expression of genes with monoallelic expression pattern
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Hendrik Hagen
- Research Department Virus Immunology, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Martinistrasse 52, Hamburg 20251, Germany
| | - Jana Hennesen
- Technology Platform Flow Cytometry / FACS, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Martinistrasse 52, Hamburg 20251, Germany
| | - Marcus Altfeld
- Research Department Virus Immunology, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Martinistrasse 52, Hamburg 20251, Germany
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42
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Matsuda Y, Watanabe T, Li XK. Approaches for Controlling Antibody-Mediated Allograft Rejection Through Targeting B Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 12:682334. [PMID: 34276669 PMCID: PMC8282180 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.682334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Both acute and chronic antibody-mediated allograft rejection (AMR), which are directly mediated by B cells, remain difficult to treat. Long-lived plasma cells (LLPCs) in bone marrow (BM) play a crucial role in the production of the antibodies that induce AMR. However, LLPCs survive through a T cell-independent mechanism and resist conventional immunosuppressive therapy. Desensitization therapy is therefore performed, although it is accompanied by severe side effects and the pathological condition may be at an irreversible stage when these antibodies, which induce AMR development, are detected in the serum. In other words, AMR control requires the development of a diagnostic method that predicts its onset before LLPC differentiation and enables therapeutic intervention and the establishment of humoral immune monitoring methods providing more detailed information, including individual differences in the susceptibility to immunosuppressive agents and the pathological conditions. In this study, we reviewed recent studies related to the direct or indirect involvement of immunocompetent cells in the differentiation of naïve-B cells into LLPCs, the limitations of conventional methods, and the possible development of novel control methods in the context of AMR. This information will significantly contribute to the development of clinical applications for AMR and improve the prognosis of patients who undergo organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiko Matsuda
- Division of Transplantation Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Watanabe
- Laboratory of Immunology, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Xiao-Kang Li
- Division of Transplantation Immunology, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
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43
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Grasseau A, Boudigou M, Michée-Cospolite M, Delaloy C, Mignen O, Jamin C, Cornec D, Pers JO, Le Pottier L, Hillion S. The diversity of the plasmablast signature across species and experimental conditions: A meta-analysis. Immunology 2021; 164:120-134. [PMID: 34041745 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibody-secreting cells (ASC) are divided into two principal subsets, including the long-lived plasma cell (PC) subset residing in the bone marrow and the short-lived subset, also called plasmablast (PB). PB are described as a proliferating subset circulating through the blood and ending its differentiation in tissues. Due to their inherent heterogeneity, the molecular signature of PB is not fully established. The purpose of this study was to decipher a specific PB signature in humans and mice through a comprehensive meta-analysis of different data sets exploring the PB differentiation in both species and across different experimental conditions. The present study used recent analyses using whole RNA sequencing in prdm1-GFP transgenic mice to define a reliable and accurate PB signature. Next, we performed similar analysis using current data sets obtained from human PB and PC. The PB-specific signature is composed of 155 and 113 genes in mouse and human being, respectively. Although only nine genes are shared between the human and mice PB signature, the loss of B-cell identity such as the down-regulation of PAX5, MS4A1, (CD20) CD22 and IL-4R is a conserved feature across species and across the different experimental conditions. Additionally, we observed that the IRF8 and IRF4 transcription factors have a specific dynamic range of expression in human PB. We thus demonstrated that IRF4/IRF8 intranuclear staining was useful to define PB in vivo and in vitro and able to discriminate between atypical PB populations and transient states.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Céline Delaloy
- UMR U1236, INSERM, Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS) de Bretagne, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
| | | | - Christophe Jamin
- UMR1227, LBAI, INSERM, Univ Brest, Brest, France.,UMR1227, LBAI, INSERM, CHU de Brest, Univ Brest, Brest, France
| | - Divi Cornec
- UMR1227, LBAI, INSERM, Univ Brest, Brest, France.,UMR1227, LBAI, INSERM, CHU de Brest, Univ Brest, Brest, France
| | - Jacques-Olivier Pers
- UMR1227, LBAI, INSERM, Univ Brest, Brest, France.,UMR1227, LBAI, INSERM, CHU de Brest, Univ Brest, Brest, France
| | | | - Sophie Hillion
- UMR1227, LBAI, INSERM, Univ Brest, Brest, France.,UMR1227, LBAI, INSERM, CHU de Brest, Univ Brest, Brest, France
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44
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Lemarié M, Chatonnet F, Caron G, Fest T. Early Emergence of Adaptive Mechanisms Sustaining Ig Production: Application to Antibody Therapy. Front Immunol 2021; 12:671998. [PMID: 33995412 PMCID: PMC8117215 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.671998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody therapy, where artificially-produced immunoglobulins (Ig) are used to treat pathological conditions such as auto-immune diseases and cancers, is a very innovative and competitive field. Although substantial efforts have been made in recent years to obtain specific and efficient antibodies, there is still room for improvement especially when considering a precise tissular targeting or increasing antigen affinity. A better understanding of the cellular and molecular steps of terminal B cell differentiation, in which an antigen-activated B cell becomes an antibody secreting cell, may improve antibody therapy. In this review, we use our recently published data about human B cell differentiation, to show that the mechanisms necessary to adapt a metamorphosing B cell to its new secretory function appear quite early in the differentiation process i.e., at the pre-plasmablast stage. After characterizing the molecular pathways appearing at this stage, we will focus on recent findings about two main processes involved in antibody production: unfolded protein response (UPR) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. We’ll show that many genes coding for factors involved in UPR and ER stress are induced at the pre-plasmablast stage, sustaining our hypothesis. Finally, we propose to use this recently acquired knowledge to improve productivity of industrialized therapeutic antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud Lemarié
- Université de Rennes 1, INSERM, Établissement Français du Sang de Bretagne, UMR_S1236, Rennes, France
| | - Fabrice Chatonnet
- Université de Rennes 1, INSERM, Établissement Français du Sang de Bretagne, UMR_S1236, Rennes, France.,Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Pôle de Biologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Rennes, France
| | - Gersende Caron
- Université de Rennes 1, INSERM, Établissement Français du Sang de Bretagne, UMR_S1236, Rennes, France.,Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Pôle de Biologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Rennes, France
| | - Thierry Fest
- Université de Rennes 1, INSERM, Établissement Français du Sang de Bretagne, UMR_S1236, Rennes, France.,Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Pôle de Biologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, Rennes, France
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45
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Papillion A, Ballesteros-Tato A. The Potential of Harnessing IL-2-Mediated Immunosuppression to Prevent Pathogenic B Cell Responses. Front Immunol 2021; 12:667342. [PMID: 33986755 PMCID: PMC8112607 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.667342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunosuppressive drugs can partially control Antibody (Ab)-dependent pathology. However, these therapeutic regimens must be maintained for the patient's lifetime, which is often associated with severe side effects. As research advances, our understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the development and maintenance of auto-reactive B cell responses has significantly advanced. As a result, novel immunotherapies aimed to restore immune tolerance and prevent disease progression in autoimmune patients are underway. In this regard, encouraging results from clinical and preclinical studies demonstrate that subcutaneous administration of low-doses of recombinant Interleukin-2 (r-IL2) has potent immunosuppressive effects in patients with autoimmune pathologies. Although the exact mechanism by which IL-2 induces immunosuppression remains unclear, the clinical benefits of the current IL-2-based immunotherapies are attributed to its effect on bolstering T regulatory (Treg) cells, which are known to suppress overactive immune responses. In addition to Tregs, however, rIL-2 also directly prevent the T follicular helper cells (Tfh), T helper 17 cells (Th17), and Double Negative (DN) T cell responses, which play critical roles in the development of autoimmune disorders and have the ability to help pathogenic B cells. Here we discuss the broader effects of rIL-2 immunotherapy and the potential of combining rIL-2 with other cytokine-based therapies to more efficiently target Tfh cells, Th17, and DN T cells and subsequently inhibit auto-antibody (ab) production in autoimmune patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - André Ballesteros-Tato
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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46
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Acquisition of optimal TFH cell function is defined by specific molecular, positional, and TCR dynamic signatures. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2016855118. [PMID: 33903232 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2016855118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of follicular helper CD4 T (TFH) cells is a dynamic process resulting in a heterogenous pool of TFH subsets. However, the cellular and molecular determinants of this heterogeneity and the possible mechanistic links between them is not clear. We found that human TFH differentiation is associated with significant changes in phenotypic, chemokine, functional, metabolic and transcriptional profile. Furthermore, this differentiation was associated with distinct positioning to follicular proliferating B cells. Single-cell T cell receptor (TCR) clonotype analysis indicated the transitioning toward PD-1hiCD57hi phenotype. Furthermore, the differentiation of TFH cells was associated with significant reduction in TCR level and drastic changes in immunological synapse formation. TFH synapse lacks a tight cSMAC (central supra molecular activation Cluster) but displays the TCR in peripheral microclusters, which are potentially advantageous in the ability of germinal center (GC) B cells to receive necessary help. Our data reveal significant aspects of human TFH heterogeneity and suggest that the PD-1hiCD57hi TFH cells, in particular, are endowed with distinctive programming and spatial positioning for optimal GC B cell help.
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47
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Basho K, Zoldan K, Schultheiss M, Bettinger D, Globig AM, Bengsch B, Neumann-Haefelin C, Klocperk A, Warnatz K, Hofmann M, Thimme R, Boettler T. IL-2 contributes to cirrhosis-associated immune dysfunction by impairing follicular T helper cells in advanced cirrhosis. J Hepatol 2021; 74:649-660. [PMID: 33211012 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Patients with decompensated cirrhosis suffer from recurrent infections and inadequate responses to prophylactic vaccinations. However, many patients present with hypergammaglobulinemia (HGG), indicating a sustained ability to generate antibody responses. As follicular T helper (Tfh) cells are central facilitators of humoral immunity, we hypothesized that Tfh cell responses may be altered in advanced liver disease and we aimed to identify the mechanisms underlying any such alterations. METHODS Tfh, regulatory T (Treg) cells, B cells, circulating cytokines and immunoglobulins were analyzed in cohorts of patients with compensated (n = 37) and decompensated cirrhosis (n = 82) and in non-cirrhotic controls (n = 45). Intrahepatic T cells were analyzed in 8 decompensated patients. The influence of IL-2 on Tfh cell function was evaluated in vitro, including Tfh cell cloning and T cell-B cell co-cultures with clones and primary tonsil-derived Tfh cells. RESULTS Tfh cell frequencies were reduced in patients with decompensated cirrhosis, with phenotypic signatures indicative of increased IL-2 signaling. Soluble IL-2 receptor (sCD25) was elevated in these patients and CD4 T cells were more responsive to IL-2 signaling, as characterized by STAT5 phosphorylation. IL-2 exposure in vitro diminished the Tfh phenotype and resulted in impaired Tfh helper function in co-culture experiments with naïve B cells. Tfh cells were barely detectable in cirrhotic livers. IL-2 signatures on Tfh cells in decompensated patients correlated with immunoglobulin levels, which were found to be associated with improved survival. CONCLUSIONS Tfh cell impairment represents a previously underestimated feature of cirrhosis-associated immune dysfunction that is driven by IL-2. The presence of HGG in decompensated patients predicts an intact Tfh cell compartment and is associated with a favorable outcome. LAY SUMMARY Patients with advanced cirrhosis often fail to generate protective immunity after prophylactic vaccinations and suffer from recurring infections that are associated with high mortality. Follicular T helper (Tfh) cells are specialized CD4 T cells that enable the emergence of antibody responses against microbial pathogens. This report demonstrates that Tfh cells are impaired in patients with advanced cirrhosis due to interleukin-2 signaling, a cytokine that is known to impair the generation of Tfh cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristi Basho
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Zoldan
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Schultheiss
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dominik Bettinger
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany; Berta-Ottenstein-Programme, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anna-Maria Globig
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany; Berta-Ottenstein-Programme, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bertram Bengsch
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany; Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Neumann-Haefelin
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Adam Klocperk
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany; Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Germany; Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Germany; Department of Immunology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital in Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Klaus Warnatz
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany; Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Germany; Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Germany
| | - Maike Hofmann
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Robert Thimme
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Boettler
- Department of Medicine II, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany; Berta-Ottenstein-Programme, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany.
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48
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Price MJ, Scharer CD, Kania AK, Randall TD, Boss JM. Conserved Epigenetic Programming and Enhanced Heme Metabolism Drive Memory B Cell Reactivation. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 206:1493-1504. [PMID: 33627377 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Memory B cells (MBCs) have enhanced capabilities to differentiate to plasma cells and generate a rapid burst of Abs upon secondary stimulation. To determine if MBCs harbor an epigenetic landscape that contributes to increased differentiation potential, we derived the chromatin accessibility and transcriptomes of influenza-specific IgM and IgG MBCs compared with naive cells. MBCs possessed an accessible chromatin architecture surrounding plasma cell-specific genes, as well as altered expression of transcription factors and genes encoding cell cycle, chemotaxis, and signal transduction processes. Intriguingly, this MBC signature was conserved between humans and mice. MBCs of both species possessed a heightened heme signature compared with naive cells. Differentiation in the presence of hemin enhanced oxidative phosphorylation metabolism and MBC differentiation into Ab-secreting plasma cells. Thus, these data define conserved MBC transcriptional and epigenetic signatures that include a central role for heme and multiple other pathways in augmenting MBC reactivation potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline J Price
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Christopher D Scharer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Anna K Kania
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Troy D Randall
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294; and
| | - Jeremy M Boss
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322; .,Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322
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49
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Lee J, Park H, Lim J, Jin HS, Park Y, Jung YJ, Ko HJ, Yoon SI, Lee GS, Kim PH, Choi SS, Xiao C, Kang SG. GSK3 Restrains Germinal Center B Cells to Form Plasma Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 206:481-493. [PMID: 33380497 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
B cells in the germinal center (GC) are programmed to form plasma cells (PCs) or memory B cells according to signals received by receptors that are translated to carry out appropriate activities of transcription factors. However, the precise mechanism underlying this process to complete the GC reaction is unclear. In this study, we show that both genetic ablation and pharmacological inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) in GC B cells of mice facilitate the cell fate decision toward PC formation, accompanied by acquisition of dark zone B cell properties. Mechanistically, under stimulation with CD40L and IL-21, GSK3 inactivation synergistically induced the transcription factors Foxo1 and c-Myc, leading to increased levels of key transcription factors required for PC differentiation, including IRF4. This GSK3-mediated alteration of transcriptional factors in turn facilitated the dark zone transition and consequent PC fate commitment. Our study thus reveals the upstream master regulator responsible for interpreting external cues in GC B cells to form PCs mediated by key transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeonghyun Lee
- Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyosung Park
- Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Lim
- Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Seung Jin
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Park
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Jung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jeong Ko
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Il Yoon
- Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun-Shik Lee
- Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Pyeung-Hyeun Kim
- Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea.,Department of Molecular Bioscience, School of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Shim Choi
- Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Changchun Xiao
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037; and.,State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Seung Goo Kang
- Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea; .,Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
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50
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Hagen SH, Henseling F, Hennesen J, Savel H, Delahaye S, Richert L, Ziegler SM, Altfeld M. Heterogeneous Escape from X Chromosome Inactivation Results in Sex Differences in Type I IFN Responses at the Single Human pDC Level. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108485. [PMID: 33296655 PMCID: PMC7833293 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune responses differ between women and men, and type I interferon (IFN) responses following Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) stimulation are higher in women. The precise mechanisms driving these sex differences in immunity are unknown. To investigate possible genetic factors, we quantify escape from X chromosome inactivation (XCI) for TLR7 and four other genes (RPS6KA3, CYBB, BTK, and IL13RA1) at the single plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pDC) level. We observe escape from XCI for all investigated genes, leading to biallelic expression patterns. pDCs with biallelic gene expression have significantly higher mRNA levels of the respective genes. Unstimulated pDCs with biallelic TLR7 expression exhibit significantly higher IFNα/β mRNA levels, and IFNα exposure results in significantly increased IFNα/β protein production by pDCs. These results identify unanticipated heterogeneity in escape from XCI of several genes in pDCs and highlight the important contribution of X chromosome factors to sex differences in type I IFN responses, which might explain observed sex differences in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Hendrik Hagen
- Research Department Virus Immunology, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Martinistrasse 52, Hamburg 20251, Germany
| | - Florian Henseling
- Research Department Virus Immunology, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Martinistrasse 52, Hamburg 20251, Germany
| | - Jana Hennesen
- Technology Platform Flow Cytometry/FACS, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Martinistrasse 52, Hamburg 20251, Germany
| | - Hélène Savel
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR1219 and Inria, team SISTM, Bordeaux, France
| | - Solenne Delahaye
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR1219 and Inria, team SISTM, Bordeaux, France
| | - Laura Richert
- University of Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, UMR1219 and Inria, team SISTM, Bordeaux, France
| | - Susanne Maria Ziegler
- Research Department Virus Immunology, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Martinistrasse 52, Hamburg 20251, Germany
| | - Marcus Altfeld
- Research Department Virus Immunology, Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Martinistrasse 52, Hamburg 20251, Germany.
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