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Stagno C, Mancuso F, Ciaglia T, Ostacolo C, Piperno A, Iraci N, Micale N. In Silico Methods for the Discovery of Kv7.2/7.3 Channels Modulators: A Comprehensive Review. Molecules 2024; 29:3234. [PMID: 38999185 PMCID: PMC11243076 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29133234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The growing interest in Kv7.2/7.3 agonists originates from the involvement of these channels in several brain hyperexcitability disorders. In particular, Kv7.2/7.3 mutants have been clearly associated with epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs) as well as with a spectrum of focal epilepsy disorders, often associated with developmental plateauing or regression. Nevertheless, there is a lack of available therapeutic options, considering that retigabine, the only molecule used in clinic as a broad-spectrum Kv7 agonist, has been withdrawn from the market in late 2016. This is why several efforts have been made both by both academia and industry in the search for suitable chemotypes acting as Kv7.2/7.3 agonists. In this context, in silico methods have played a major role, since the precise structures of different Kv7 homotetramers have been only recently disclosed. In the present review, the computational methods used for the design of Kv.7.2/7.3 small molecule agonists and the underlying medicinal chemistry are discussed in the context of their biological and structure-function properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Stagno
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences (CHIBIOFARAM), University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Francesca Mancuso
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences (CHIBIOFARAM), University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Tania Ciaglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Carmine Ostacolo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
| | - Anna Piperno
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences (CHIBIOFARAM), University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Nunzio Iraci
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences (CHIBIOFARAM), University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Nicola Micale
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences (CHIBIOFARAM), University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
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Saxena H, Weintraub NL, Tang Y. Potential Therapeutic Targets for Hypotension in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. Med Hypotheses 2024; 185:111318. [PMID: 38585412 PMCID: PMC10993928 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2024.111318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is marked by genetic mutations occurring in the DMD gene, which is widely expressed in the cardiovascular system. In addition to developing cardiomyopathy, patients with DMD have been reported to be susceptible to the development of symptomatic hypotension, although the mechanisms are unclear. Analysis of single-cell RNA sequencing data has identified potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily Q member 5 (KCNQ5) and possibly ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2) as potential candidate hypotension genes whose expression is significantly upregulated in the vascular smooth muscle cells of DMD mutant mice. We hypothesize that heightened KCNQ5 and RyR2 expression contributes to decreased arterial blood pressure in patients with DMD. Exploring pharmacological approaches to inhibit the KCNQ5 and RyR2 channels holds promise in managing the systemic hypotension observed in individuals with DMD. This avenue of investigation presents new prospects for improving clinical outcomes for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshi Saxena
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, 1460 Laney Walker Blvd, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Neal L Weintraub
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, 1460 Laney Walker Blvd, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Yaoliang Tang
- Vascular Biology Center, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, 1460 Laney Walker Blvd, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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3
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Delgado-Ramírez M, López-Serrano AL, Sánchez-Armass S, Meza U, Rodríguez-Menchaca AA. Crosstalk between cholesterol and PIP 2 in the regulation of Kv7.2/Kv7.3 channels. Biol Chem 2024; 405:161-165. [PMID: 37552610 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2023-0204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
The activity of neuronal Kv7.2/Kv7.3 channels is critically dependent on PIP2 and finely modulated by cholesterol. Here, we report the crosstalk between cholesterol and PIP2 in the regulation of Kv7.2/Kv7.3 channels. Our results show that currents passing through Kv7.2/Kv7.3 channels in cholesterol-depleted cells, by acute application of methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD), were less sensitive to PIP2 dephosphorylation strategies than those of control cells, suggesting that cholesterol depletion enhances the Kv7.2/Kv7.3-PIP2 interaction. In contrast, the sensitivity of Kv7.2/Kv7.3 channels to acute membrane cholesterol depletion by MβCD was not altered in mutant channels with different apparent affinities for PIP2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayra Delgado-Ramírez
- Departamento de Fisiología y Biofísica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Venustiano Carranza #2405, Col. Los Filtros, San Luis Potosí, SLP, 78210, México
| | - Ana Laura López-Serrano
- Departamento de Fisiología y Biofísica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Venustiano Carranza #2405, Col. Los Filtros, San Luis Potosí, SLP, 78210, México
| | - Sergio Sánchez-Armass
- Departamento de Fisiología y Biofísica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Venustiano Carranza #2405, Col. Los Filtros, San Luis Potosí, SLP, 78210, México
| | - Ulises Meza
- Departamento de Fisiología y Biofísica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Venustiano Carranza #2405, Col. Los Filtros, San Luis Potosí, SLP, 78210, México
| | - Aldo A Rodríguez-Menchaca
- Departamento de Fisiología y Biofísica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Venustiano Carranza #2405, Col. Los Filtros, San Luis Potosí, SLP, 78210, México
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4
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Zeng Z, Huang J, Zhang L. Biomimetic mesoporous carbon-silica/AAO asymmetric nanochannel array for electrochemical sensing of K + in rat brain microdialysates and serum. Talanta 2024; 268:125304. [PMID: 37898035 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Acquirement of chemical expression in practical brain system is vital to understand the molecular mechanism involved in physiological and pathological processes in brain. Though nanochannels have been demonstrated to be promising platform for electrochemical sensor, it is a great challenge for nanochannels to be employed in practical brain biofluid. In this work, we rationally designed and created the biomimetic asymmetric nanochannels for sensing of K+ through integrating in situ modification of a two-component mesoporous carbon-silica (MCS) thin film with a pore size of ∼3.6 nm at anodic alumina nanochannel array (AAO) with the ∼40 nm pores (denoted as MCS/AAO). Apparent rectification phenomenon in such functionalized nanochannel array was achieved based on diode-like ion transport. Then, 4'-aminobenzeno-18-crown-6 (SP) was selected to be chemically decorated at MCS/AAO as the specific recognition for K+ (SP/MCS/AAO). The developed SP/MCS/AAO exhibited good selectivity towards K+ detection against the coexisting interferences in brain, and possessed a good linear response to K+ concentration in the range of 0.5-10 mM with a detection limit of 0.1 mM. Combined with microdialysis technique, the variation of K+ was successfully determined in rat brain microdialysates and serums. Compared with normal rats, the concentration of K+ was found to be greatly decreased in the cerebral microdialysates and serum of rats with hypertensive model (SHR). This work unveiled a powerful platform for K+, and promised to be extended to design new strategy for detecting other chemical species, in particular non-electroactive species in biofluid related to physiological and pathological events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyao Zeng
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Dongchuan Road 500, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Jie Huang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Dongchuan Road 500, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Limin Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Dongchuan Road 500, Shanghai, 200241, China.
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5
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Varadi G. Mechanism of Analgesia by Gabapentinoid Drugs: Involvement of Modulation of Synaptogenesis and Trafficking of Glutamate-Gated Ion Channels. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2024; 388:121-133. [PMID: 37918854 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.123.001669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Gabapentinoids have clinically been used for treating epilepsy, neuropathic pain, and several other neurologic disorders for >30 years; however, the definitive molecular mechanism responsible for their therapeutic actions remained uncertain. The conventional pharmacological observation regarding their efficacy in chronic pain modulation is the weakening of glutamate release at presynaptic terminals in the spinal cord. While the α2/δ-1 subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs) has been identified as the primary drug receptor for gabapentinoids, the lack of consistent effect of this drug class on VGCC function is indicative of a minor role in regulating this ion channel's activity. The current review targets the efficacy and mechanism of gabapentinoids in treating chronic pain. The discovery of interaction of α2/δ-1 with thrombospondins established this protein as a major synaptogenic neuronal receptor for thrombospondins. Other findings identified α2/δ-1 as a powerful regulator of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDA) and alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptor (AMPAR) by potentiating the synaptic expression, a putative pathophysiological mechanism of neuropathic pain. Further, the interdependent interactions between thrombospondin and α2/δ-1 contribute to chronic pain states, while gabapentinoid ligands efficaciously reverse such pain conditions. Gabapentin normalizes and even blocks NMDAR and AMPAR synaptic targeting and activity elicited by nerve injury. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Gabapentinoid drugs are used to treat various neurological conditions including chronic pain. In chronic pain states, gene expression of cacnα2/δ-1 and thrombospondins are upregulated and promote aberrant excitatory synaptogenesis. The complex trait of protein associations that involve interdependent interactions between α2/δ-1 and thrombospondins, further, association of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor and alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid receptor with the C-tail of α2/δ-1, constitutes a macromolecular signaling complex that forms the crucial elements for the pharmacological mode of action of gabapentinoids.
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Liao W, Lee KZ. CDKL5-mediated developmental tuning of neuronal excitability and concomitant regulation of transcriptome. Hum Mol Genet 2023; 32:3276-3298. [PMID: 37688574 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddad149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase-like 5 (CDKL5) is a serine-threonine kinase enriched in the forebrain to regulate neuronal development and function. Patients with CDKL5 deficiency disorder (CDD), a severe neurodevelopmental condition caused by mutations of CDKL5 gene, present early-onset epilepsy as the most prominent feature. However, spontaneous seizures have not been reported in mouse models of CDD, raising vital questions on the human-mouse differences and the roles of CDKL5 in early postnatal brains. Here, we firstly measured electroencephalographic (EEG) activities via a wireless telemetry system coupled with video-recording in neonatal mice. We found that mice lacking CDKL5 exhibited spontaneous epileptic EEG discharges, accompanied with increased burst activities and ictal behaviors, specifically at postnatal day 12 (P12). Intriguingly, those epileptic spikes disappeared after P14. We next performed an unbiased transcriptome profiling in the dorsal hippocampus and motor cortex of Cdkl5 null mice at different developmental timepoints, uncovering a set of age-dependent and brain region-specific alterations of gene expression in parallel with the transient display of epileptic activities. Finally, we validated multiple differentially expressed genes, such as glycine receptor alpha 2 and cholecystokinin, at the transcript or protein levels, supporting the relevance of these genes to CDKL5-regulated excitability. Our findings reveal early-onset neuronal hyperexcitability in mouse model of CDD, providing new insights into CDD etiology and potential molecular targets to ameliorate intractable neonatal epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlin Liao
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Cheng-Chi University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
- Research Center for Mind, Brain and Learning, National Cheng-Chi University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Ze Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, No. 70, Lienhai Road, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
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Chakraborty C, Nissen I, Vincent CA, Hägglund AC, Hörnblad A, Remeseiro S. Rewiring of the promoter-enhancer interactome and regulatory landscape in glioblastoma orchestrates gene expression underlying neurogliomal synaptic communication. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6446. [PMID: 37833281 PMCID: PMC10576091 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41919-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromatin organization controls transcription by modulating 3D-interactions between enhancers and promoters in the nucleus. Alterations in epigenetic states and 3D-chromatin organization result in gene expression changes contributing to cancer. Here, we map the promoter-enhancer interactome and regulatory landscape of glioblastoma, the most aggressive primary brain tumour. Our data reveals profound rewiring of promoter-enhancer interactions, chromatin accessibility and redistribution of histone marks in glioblastoma. This leads to loss of long-range regulatory interactions and overall activation of promoters, which orchestrate changes in the expression of genes associated to glutamatergic synapses, axon guidance, axonogenesis and chromatin remodelling. SMAD3 and PITX1 emerge as major transcription factors controlling genes related to synapse organization and axon guidance. Inhibition of SMAD3 and neuronal activity stimulation cooperate to promote proliferation of glioblastoma cells in co-culture with glutamatergic neurons, and in mice bearing patient-derived xenografts. Our findings provide mechanistic insight into the regulatory networks that mediate neurogliomal synaptic communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaitali Chakraborty
- Umeå Centre for Molecular Medicine (UCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Itzel Nissen
- Umeå Centre for Molecular Medicine (UCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Craig A Vincent
- Umeå Centre for Molecular Medicine (UCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anna-Carin Hägglund
- Umeå Centre for Molecular Medicine (UCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Andreas Hörnblad
- Umeå Centre for Molecular Medicine (UCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Silvia Remeseiro
- Umeå Centre for Molecular Medicine (UCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
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Wang X, Li W, Zhang J, Li J, Zhang X, Wang M, Wei Z, Feng S. Discovery of therapeutic targets for spinal cord injury based on molecular mechanisms of axon regeneration after conditioning lesion. J Transl Med 2023; 21:511. [PMID: 37507810 PMCID: PMC10385911 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04375-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preinjury of peripheral nerves triggers dorsal root ganglia (DRG) axon regeneration, a biological change that is more pronounced in young mice than in old mice, but the complex mechanism has not been clearly explained. Here, we aim to gain insight into the mechanisms of axon regeneration after conditioning lesion in different age groups of mice, thereby providing effective therapeutic targets for central nervous system (CNS) injury. METHODS The microarray GSE58982 and GSE96051 were downloaded and analyzed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, the miRNA-TF-target gene network, and the drug-hub gene network of conditioning lesion were constructed. The L4 and L5 DRGs, which were previously axotomized by the sciatic nerve conditioning lesions, were harvested for qRT-PCR. Furthermore, histological and behavioral tests were performed to assess the therapeutic effects of the candidate drug telmisartan in spinal cord injury (SCI). RESULTS A total of 693 and 885 DEGs were screened in the old and young mice, respectively. Functional enrichment indicates that shared DEGs are involved in the inflammatory response, innate immune response, and ion transport. QRT-PCR results showed that in DRGs with preinjury of peripheral nerve, Timp1, P2ry6, Nckap1l, Csf1, Ccl9, Anxa1, and C3 were upregulated, while Agtr1a was downregulated. Based on the bioinformatics analysis of DRG after conditioning lesion, Agtr1a was selected as a potential therapeutic target for the SCI treatment. In vivo experiments showed that telmisartan promoted axonal regeneration after SCI by downregulating AGTR1 expression. CONCLUSION This study provides a comprehensive map of transcriptional changes that discriminate between young and old DRGs in response to injury. The hub genes and their related drugs that may affect the axonal regeneration program after conditioning lesion were identified. These findings revealed the speculative pathogenic mechanism involved in conditioning-dependent regenerative growth and may have translational significance for the development of CNS injury treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiong Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong University Centre for Orthopaedics, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, No.17, Shandong Road, Shinan District, Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxiang Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Shandong University Centre for Orthopaedics, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianping Zhang
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinze Li
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianjin Zhang
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijian Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- Shandong University Centre for Orthopaedics, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No154. Anshan Rd, He Ping Dist, Tianjin, 300052, China.
| | - Shiqing Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- Shandong University Centre for Orthopaedics, Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
- International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Spinal Cord Injury, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Spine and Spinal Cord, Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, No154. Anshan Rd, He Ping Dist, Tianjin, 300052, China.
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Manville RW, Hogenkamp D, Abbott GW. Ancient medicinal plant rosemary contains a highly efficacious and isoform-selective KCNQ potassium channel opener. Commun Biol 2023; 6:644. [PMID: 37322081 PMCID: PMC10272180 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05021-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels in the KCNQ subfamily serve essential roles in the nervous system, heart, muscle and epithelia. Different heteromeric KCNQ complexes likely serve distinct functions in the brain but heteromer subtype-specific small molecules for research or therapy are lacking. Rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus) is an evergreen plant used medicinally for millennia for neurological and other disorders. Here, we report that rosemary extract is a highly efficacious opener of heteromeric KCNQ3/5 channels, with weak effects on KCNQ2/3. Using functional screening we find that carnosic acid, a phenolic diterpene from rosemary, is a potent, highly efficacious, PIP2 depletion-resistant KCNQ3 opener with lesser effects on KCNQ5 and none on KCNQ1 or KCNQ2. Carnosic acid is also highly selective for KCNQ3/5 over KCNQ2/3 heteromers. Medicinal chemistry, in silico docking, and mutagenesis reveal that carboxylate-guanidinium ionic bonding with an S4-5 linker arginine underlies the KCNQ3 opening proficiency of carnosic acid, the effects of which on KCNQ3/5 suggest unique therapeutic potential and a molecular basis for ancient neurotherapeutic use of rosemary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rían W Manville
- Bioelectricity Laboratory, Dept. of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Derk Hogenkamp
- Bioelectricity Laboratory, Dept. of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Geoffrey W Abbott
- Bioelectricity Laboratory, Dept. of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
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10
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Duan J, Huang Z, Nice EC, Xie N, Chen M, Huang C. Current advancements and future perspectives of long noncoding RNAs in lipid metabolism and signaling. J Adv Res 2023; 48:105-123. [PMID: 35973552 PMCID: PMC10248733 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The investigation of lncRNAs has provided a novel perspective for elucidating mechanisms underlying diverse physiological and pathological processes. Compelling evidence has revealed an intrinsic link between lncRNAs and lipid metabolism, demonstrating that lncRNAs-induced disruption of lipid metabolism and signaling contribute to the development of multiple cancers and some other diseases, including obesity, fatty liver disease, and cardiovascular disease. AIMOF REVIEW The current review summarizes the recent advances in basic research about lipid metabolism and lipid signaling-related lncRNAs. Meanwhile, the potential and challenges of targeting lncRNA for the therapy of cancers and other lipid metabolism-related diseases are also discussed. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPT OF REVIEW Compared with the substantial number of lncRNA loci, we still know little about the role of lncRNAs in metabolism. A more comprehensive understanding of the function and mechanism of lncRNAs may provide a new standpoint for the study of lipid metabolism and signaling. Developing lncRNA-based therapeutic approaches is an effective strategy for lipid metabolism-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiufei Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, 610041 Chengdu, China
| | - Zhao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, 610041 Chengdu, China
| | - Edouard C Nice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Na Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, 610041 Chengdu, China.
| | - Mingqing Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central China Normal University, 430079 Wuhan, China.
| | - Canhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, 610041 Chengdu, China.
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11
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Chen KJ, Yoshimura R, Edmundo CA, Truong TM, Civelli O, Alachkar A, Abbott GW. Behavioral and neuro-functional consequences of eliminating the KCNQ3 GABA binding site in mice. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1192628. [PMID: 37305551 PMCID: PMC10248464 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1192628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels formed by α subunits KCNQ2-5 are important in regulating neuronal excitability. We previously found that GABA directly binds to and activates channels containing KCNQ3, challenging the traditional understanding of inhibitory neurotransmission. To investigate the functional significance and behavioral role of this direct interaction, mice with a mutated KCNQ3 GABA binding site (Kcnq3-W266L) were generated and subjected to behavioral studies. Kcnq3-W266L mice exhibited distinctive behavioral phenotypes, of which reduced nociceptive and stress responses were profound and sex-specific. In female Kcnq3-W266L mice, the phenotype was shifted towards more nociceptive effects, while in male Kcnq3-W266L mice, it was shifted towards the stress response. In addition, female Kcnq3-W266L mice exhibited lower motor activity and reduced working spatial memory. The neuronal activity in the lateral habenula and visual cortex was altered in the female Kcnq3-W266L mice, suggesting that GABAergic activation of KCNQ3 in these regions may play a role in the regulation of the responses. Given the known overlap between the nociceptive and stress brain circuits, our data provide new insights into a sex-dependent role of KCNQ3 in regulating neural circuits involved in nociception and stress, via its GABA binding site. These findings identify new targets for effective treatments for neurological and psychiatric conditions such as pain and anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiki J. Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Ryan Yoshimura
- Bioelectricity Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Clarissa Adriana Edmundo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Tri Minh Truong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Olivier Civelli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Amal Alachkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- UC Irvine Center for the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, School of Information and Computer Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Geoffrey W. Abbott
- Bioelectricity Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
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12
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Shen Y, Kim IM, Tang Y. Identification of Novel Gene Regulatory Networks for Dystrophin Protein in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells by Single-Nuclear Transcriptome Analysis. Cells 2023; 12:892. [PMID: 36980233 PMCID: PMC10047041 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy is an X-linked recessive disease caused by mutations in dystrophin proteins that lead to heart failure and respiratory failure. Dystrophin (DMD) is not only expressed in cardiomyocytes and skeletal muscle cells, but also in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Patients with DMD have been reported to have hypotension. Single nuclear RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) is a state-of-the-art technology capable of identifying niche-specific gene programs of tissue-specific cell subpopulations. To determine whether DMD mutation alters blood pressure, we compared systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure levels in mdx mice (a mouse model of DMD carrying a nonsense mutation in DMD gene) and the wide-type control mice. We found that mdx mice showed significantly lower systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure than control mice. To understand how DMD mutation changes gene expression profiles from VSMCs, we analyzed an snRNA-seq dataset from the muscle nucleus of DMD mutant (DMDmut) mice and control (Ctrl) mice. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis revealed that the most significantly activated pathways in DMDmut-VSMCs are involved in ion channel function (potassium channel activity, cation channel complex, and cation channel activity). Notably, we discovered that the DMDmut-VSMCs showed significantly upregulated expression of KCNQ5 and RYR2, whereas the most suppressed pathways were transmembrane transporter activity (such as anion transmembrane transporter activity, inorganic anion transmembrane transporter activity, import into cell, and import across plasma membrane). Moreover, we analyzed metabolic pathways from the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) using "scMetabolism" R package. DMDmut-VSMCs exhibited dysregulation of pyruvate metabolism and nuclear acid metabolism. In conclusion, via the application of snRNA-seq, we (for the first time) identify the potential molecular regulation by DMD in the upregulation of the expression of KCNQ5 genes in VSMCs, which helps us to understand the mechanism of hypotension in DMD patients. Our study potentially offers new possibilities for therapeutic interventions in systemic hypotension in DMD patients with pharmacological inhibition of KCNQ5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Shen
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Il-man Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Yaoliang Tang
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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13
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Wang Y, Liu S, Wang H, Zhao Y, Zhang XD. Neuron devices: emerging prospects in neural interfaces and recognition. MICROSYSTEMS & NANOENGINEERING 2022; 8:128. [PMID: 36507057 PMCID: PMC9726942 DOI: 10.1038/s41378-022-00453-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Neuron interface devices can be used to explore the relationships between neuron firing and synaptic transmission, as well as to diagnose and treat neurological disorders, such as epilepsy and Alzheimer's disease. It is crucial to exploit neuron devices with high sensitivity, high biocompatibility, multifunctional integration and high-speed data processing. During the past decades, researchers have made significant progress in neural electrodes, artificial sensory neuron devices, and neuromorphic optic neuron devices. The main part of the review is divided into two sections, providing an overview of recently developed neuron interface devices for recording electrophysiological signals, as well as applications in neuromodulation, simulating the human sensory system, and achieving memory and recognition. We mainly discussed the development, characteristics, functional mechanisms, and applications of neuron devices and elucidated several key points for clinical translation. The present review highlights the advances in neuron devices on brain-computer interfaces and neuroscience research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, 300072 Tianjin, China
| | - Shuangjie Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, 300072 Tianjin, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, 300072 Tianjin, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, 300072 Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, 300072 Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, Institute of Advanced Materials Physics, School of Sciences, Tianjin University, 300350 Tianjin, China
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14
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Wei AD, Wakenight P, Zwingman TA, Bard AM, Sahai N, Willemsen MH, Schelhaas HJ, Stegmann APA, Verhoeven JS, de Man SA, Wessels MW, Kleefstra T, Shinde DN, Helbig KL, Basinger A, Wagner VF, Rodriguez-Buritica D, Bryant E, Millichap JJ, Millen KJ, Dobyns WB, Ramirez JM, Kalume FK. Human KCNQ5 de novo mutations underlie epilepsy and intellectual disability. J Neurophysiol 2022; 128:40-61. [PMID: 35583973 PMCID: PMC9236882 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00509.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
We identified six novel de novo human KCNQ5 variants in children with motor/language delay, intellectual disability (ID), and/or epilepsy by whole exome sequencing. These variants, comprising two nonsense and four missense alterations, were functionally characterized by electrophysiology in HEK293/CHO cells, together with four previously reported KCNQ5 missense variants (Lehman A, Thouta S, Mancini GM, Naidu S, van Slegtenhorst M, McWalter K, Person R, Mwenifumbo J, Salvarinova R; CAUSES Study; EPGEN Study; Guella I, McKenzie MB, Datta A, Connolly MB, Kalkhoran SM, Poburko D, Friedman JM, Farrer MJ, Demos M, Desai S, Claydon T. Am J Hum Genet 101: 65-74, 2017). Surprisingly, all eight missense variants resulted in gain of function (GOF) due to hyperpolarized voltage dependence of activation or slowed deactivation kinetics, whereas the two nonsense variants were confirmed to be loss of function (LOF). One severe GOF allele (P369T) was tested and found to extend a dominant GOF effect to heteromeric KCNQ5/3 channels. Clinical presentations were associated with altered KCNQ5 channel gating: milder presentations with LOF or smaller GOF shifts in voltage dependence [change in voltage at half-maximal conduction (ΔV50) = ∼-15 mV] and severe presentations with larger GOF shifts in voltage dependence (ΔV50 = ∼-30 mV). To examine LOF pathogenicity, two Kcnq5 LOF mouse lines were created with CRISPR/Cas9. Both lines exhibited handling- and thermal-induced seizures and abnormal cortical EEGs consistent with epileptiform activity. Our study thus provides evidence for in vivo KCNQ5 LOF pathogenicity and strengthens the contribution of both LOF and GOF mutations to global pediatric neurological impairment, including ID/epilepsy.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Six novel de novo human KCNQ5 variants were identified from children with neurodevelopmental delay, intellectual disability, and/or epilepsy. Expression of these variants along with four previously reported KCNQ5 variants from a similar cohort revealed GOF potassium channels, negatively shifted in V50 of activation and/or delayed deactivation kinetics. GOF is extended to KCNQ5/3 heteromeric channels, making these the predominant channels affected in heterozygous de novo patients. Kcnq5 LOF mice exhibited seizures, consistent with in vivo pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aguan D Wei
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Paul Wakenight
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Theresa A Zwingman
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Angela M Bard
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Nikhil Sahai
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
| | - Marjolein H Willemsen
- Department of Human Genetics and Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Department of Human Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Helenius J Schelhaas
- Department of Neurology, Academic Centre for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe, Heeze, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander P A Stegmann
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Judith S Verhoeven
- Department of Neurology, Academic Centre for Epileptology Kempenhaeghe, Heeze, The Netherlands
| | - Stella A de Man
- Department of Pediatrics, Amphia Hospital, Breda, The Netherlands.,Department of Human Genetics, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marja W Wessels
- Department of Human Genetics, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tjitske Kleefstra
- Department of Human Genetics and Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Katherine L Helbig
- Ambry Genetics, Aliso Viejo, California.,Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Alice Basinger
- Medical Genetics, Cook Children's Hospital, Fort Worth, Texas
| | - Victoria F Wagner
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Emily Bryant
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - John J Millichap
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.,Epilepsy Center, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kathleen J Millen
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - William B Dobyns
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jan-Marino Ramirez
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Franck K Kalume
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
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15
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Zhang HXB, Heckman L, Niday Z, Jo S, Fujita A, Shim J, Pandey R, Al Jandal H, Jayakar S, Barrett LB, Smith J, Woolf CJ, Bean BP. Cannabidiol activates neuronal Kv7 channels. eLife 2022; 11:73246. [PMID: 35179483 PMCID: PMC8856652 DOI: 10.7554/elife.73246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD), a chemical found in the Cannabis sativa plant, is a clinically effective antiepileptic drug whose mechanism of action is unknown. Using a fluorescence-based thallium flux assay, we performed a large-scale screen and found enhancement of flux through heterologously expressed human Kv7.2/7.3 channels by CBD. Patch-clamp recordings showed that CBD acts at submicromolar concentrations to shift the voltage dependence of Kv7.2/7.3 channels in the hyperpolarizing direction, producing a dramatic enhancement of current at voltages near –50 mV. CBD enhanced native M-current in mouse superior cervical ganglion starting at concentrations of 30 nM and also enhanced M-current in rat hippocampal neurons. The potent enhancement of Kv2/7.3 channels by CBD may contribute to its effectiveness as an antiepileptic drug by reducing neuronal hyperexcitability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laurel Heckman
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Research Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States
| | - Zachary Niday
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Sooyeon Jo
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Akie Fujita
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Jaehoon Shim
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Research Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States
| | - Roshan Pandey
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Research Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States
| | - Hoor Al Jandal
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Research Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States
| | - Selwyn Jayakar
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Research Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States
| | - Lee B Barrett
- F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Research Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States
| | - Jennifer Smith
- ICCB-Longwood Screening Facility and Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - Clifford J Woolf
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States.,F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Research Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, United States
| | - Bruce P Bean
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
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16
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Abstract
Since prehistory, human species have depended on plants for both food and medicine. Even in countries with ready access to modern medicines, alternative treatments are still highly regarded and commonly used. Unlike modern pharmaceuticals, many botanical medicines are in widespread use despite a lack of safety and efficacy data derived from controlled clinical trials and often unclear mechanisms of action. Contributing to this are the complex and undefined composition and likely multifactorial mechanisms of action and multiple targets of many botanical medicines. Here, we review the newfound importance of the ubiquitous KCNQ subfamily of voltage-gated potassium channels as targets for botanical medicines, including basil, capers, cilantro, lavender, fennel, chamomile, ginger, and Camellia, Sophora, and Mallotus species. We discuss the implications for the traditional use of these plants for disorders such as seizures, hypertension, and diabetes and the molecular mechanisms of plant secondary metabolite effects on KCNQ channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn E Redford
- Bioelectricity Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA;
| | - Geoffrey W Abbott
- Bioelectricity Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA;
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17
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Martin-Batista E, Manville RW, Rivero-Pérez B, Bartolomé-Martín D, Alvarez de la Rosa D, Abbott GW, Giraldez T. Activation of SGK1.1 Upregulates the M-current in the Presence of Epilepsy Mutations. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:798261. [PMID: 34899186 PMCID: PMC8662703 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.798261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the central nervous system, the M-current plays a critical role in regulating subthreshold electrical excitability of neurons, determining their firing properties and responsiveness to synaptic input. The M-channel is mainly formed by subunits Kv7.2 and Kv7.3 that co-assemble to form a heterotetrametric channel. Mutations in Kv7.2 and Kv7.3 are associated with hyperexcitability phenotypes including benign familial neonatal epilepsy (BFNE) and neonatal epileptic encephalopathy (NEE). SGK1.1, the neuronal isoform of the serum and glucocorticoids-regulated kinase 1 (SGK1), increases M-current density in neurons, leading to reduced excitability and protection against seizures. Herein, using two-electrode voltage clamp on Xenopus laevis oocytes, we demonstrate that SGK1.1 selectively activates heteromeric Kv7 subunit combinations underlying the M-current. Importantly, activated SGK1.1 increases M-channel activity in the presence of two different epilepsy mutations found in Kv7.2, R207W and A306T. In addition, proximity ligation assays in the N2a cell line allowed us to address the effect of these mutations on Kv7-SGK1.1-Nedd4 molecular associations, a proposed pathway underlying augmentation of M-channel activity by SGK1.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elva Martin-Batista
- Departamento de Ciencias Medicas Basicas and Instituto de Tecnologias Biomedicas, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Rían W Manville
- Bioelectricity Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Belinda Rivero-Pérez
- Departamento de Ciencias Medicas Basicas and Instituto de Tecnologias Biomedicas, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - David Bartolomé-Martín
- Departamento de Ciencias Medicas Basicas and Instituto de Tecnologias Biomedicas, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Diego Alvarez de la Rosa
- Departamento de Ciencias Medicas Basicas and Instituto de Tecnologias Biomedicas, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Geoffrey W Abbott
- Bioelectricity Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Teresa Giraldez
- Departamento de Ciencias Medicas Basicas and Instituto de Tecnologias Biomedicas, Universidad de La Laguna, San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
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18
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Abbott GW, Redford KE, Yoshimura RF, Manville RW, Moreira L, Tran K, Arena G, Kookootsedes A, Lasky E, Gunnison E. KCNQ and KCNE Isoform-Dependent Pharmacology Rationalizes Native American Dual Use of Specific Plants as Both Analgesics and Gastrointestinal Therapeutics. Front Physiol 2021; 12:777057. [PMID: 34858215 PMCID: PMC8632246 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.777057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Indigenous peoples of the Americas are proficient in botanical medicine. KCNQ family voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels are sensitive to a variety of ligands, including plant metabolites. Here, we screened methanolic extracts prepared from 40 Californian coastal redwood forest plants for effects on Kv current and membrane potential in Xenopus oocytes heterologously expressing KCNQ2/3, which regulates excitability of neurons, including those that sense pain. Extracts from 9 of the 40 plant species increased KCNQ2/3 current at –60 mV by ≥threefold (maximally, 15-fold by Urtica dioica) and/or hyperpolarized membrane potential by ≥-3 mV (maximally, –11 mV by Arctostaphylos glandulosa). All nine plants have traditionally been used as both analgesics and gastrointestinal therapeutics. Of two extracts tested, both acted as KCNQ-dependent analgesics in mice. KCNQ2/3 activation at physiologically relevant, subthreshold membrane potentials by tannic acid, gallic acid and quercetin provided molecular correlates for analgesic action of several of the plants. While tannic acid also activated KCNQ1 and KCNQ1-KCNE1 at hyperpolarized, negative membrane potentials, it inhibited KCNQ1-KCNE3 at both negative and positive membrane potentials, mechanistically rationalizing historical use of tannic acid-containing plants as gastrointestinal therapeutics. KCNE dependence of KCNQ channel modulation by plant metabolites therefore provides a molecular mechanistic basis for Native American use of specific plants as both analgesics and gastrointestinal aids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey W Abbott
- Bioelectricity Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Kaitlyn E Redford
- Bioelectricity Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Ryan F Yoshimura
- Bioelectricity Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Rían W Manville
- Bioelectricity Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Luiz Moreira
- Bioelectricity Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Kevin Tran
- Bioelectricity Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Grey Arena
- Redwood Creek Vegetation Team, National Park Service, Sausalito, CA, United States
| | | | - Emma Lasky
- Redwood Creek Vegetation Team, National Park Service, Sausalito, CA, United States
| | - Elliot Gunnison
- Redwood Creek Vegetation Team, National Park Service, Sausalito, CA, United States
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19
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Bhattacharya D, Gawali VS, Kallay L, Toukam DK, Koehler A, Stambrook P, Krummel DP, Sengupta S. Therapeutically leveraging GABA A receptors in cancer. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 246:2128-2135. [PMID: 34649481 DOI: 10.1177/15353702211032549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
γ-aminobutyric acid or GABA is an amino acid that functionally acts as a neurotransmitter and is critical to neurotransmission. GABA is also a metabolite in the Krebs cycle. It is therefore unsurprising that GABA and its receptors are also present outside of the central nervous system, including in immune cells. This observation suggests that GABAergic signaling impacts events beyond brain function and possibly human health beyond neurological disorders. Indeed, GABA receptor subunits are expressed in pathological disease states, including in disparate cancers. The role that GABA and its receptors may play in cancer development and progression remains unclear. If, however, those cancers have functional GABA receptors that participate in GABAergic signaling, it raises an important question whether these signaling pathways might be targetable for therapeutic benefit. Herein we summarize the effects of modulating Type-A GABA receptor signaling in various cancers and highlight how Type-A GABA receptors could emerge as a novel therapeutic target in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debanjan Bhattacharya
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Vaibhavkumar S Gawali
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Laura Kallay
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Donatien K Toukam
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Abigail Koehler
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Peter Stambrook
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Daniel Pomeranz Krummel
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Soma Sengupta
- Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
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20
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Chen X, Zhang Y, Ren X, Su Q, Liu Y, Dang X, Qin Y, Yang X, Xing Z, Shen Y, Wang Y, Bai Z, Yeh ETH, Wu H, Qi Y. The SUMO-specific protease SENP2 plays an essential role in the regulation of Kv7.2 and Kv7.3 potassium channels. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101183. [PMID: 34509475 PMCID: PMC8488601 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Sentrin/small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO)-specific protease 2 (SENP2)-deficient mice develop spontaneous seizures in early life because of a marked reduction in M currents, which regulate neuronal membrane excitability. We have previously shown that hyper-SUMOylation of the Kv7.2 and Kv7.3 channels is critically involved in the regulation of the M currents conducted by these potassium voltage-gated channels. Here, we show that hyper-SUMOylation of the Kv7.2 and Kv7.3 proteins reduced binding to the lipid secondary messenger PIP2. CaM1 has been shown to be tethered to the Kv7 subunits via hydrophobic motifs in its C termini and implicated in the channel assembly. Mutation of the SUMOylation sites on Kv7.2 and Kv7.3 specifically resulted in decreased binding to CaM1 and enhanced CaM1-mediated assembly of Kv7.2 and Kv7.3, whereas hyper-SUMOylation of Kv7.2 and Kv7.3 inhibited channel assembly. SENP2-deficient mice exhibited increased acetylcholine levels in the brain and the heart tissue because of increases in the vagal tone induced by recurrent seizures. The SENP2-deficient mice develop seizures followed by a period of sinus pauses or atrioventricular conduction blocks. Chronic administration of the parasympathetic blocker atropine or unilateral vagotomy significantly prolonged the life of the SENP2-deficient mice. Furthermore, we showed that retigabine, an M-current opener, reduced the transcription of SUMO-activating enzyme SAE1 and inhibited SUMOylation of the Kv7.2 and Kv7.3 channels, and also prolonged the life of SENP2-deficient mice. Taken together, the previously demonstrated roles of PIP2, CaM1, and retigabine on the regulation of Kv7.2 and Kv7.3 channel function can be explained by their roles in regulating SUMOylation of this critical potassium channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Chen
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuhong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiang Ren
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qi Su
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Life Sciences & Research Center for Peptide Drugs, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xing Dang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuanyuan Qin
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinyi Yang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhengcao Xing
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yajie Shen
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yaya Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhantao Bai
- School of Life Sciences & Research Center for Peptide Drugs, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Edward T H Yeh
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Hongmei Wu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Yitao Qi
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Developing of Endangered Chinese Crude Drugs in Northwest of China, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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21
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Control of Biophysical and Pharmacological Properties of Potassium Channels by Ancillary Subunits. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2021; 267:445-480. [PMID: 34247280 DOI: 10.1007/164_2021_512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Potassium channels facilitate and regulate physiological processes as diverse as electrical signaling, ion, solute and hormone secretion, fluid homeostasis, hearing, pain sensation, muscular contraction, and the heartbeat. Potassium channels are each formed by either a tetramer or dimer of pore-forming α subunits that co-assemble to create a multimer with a K+-selective pore that in most cases is capable of functioning as a discrete unit to pass K+ ions across the cell membrane. The reality in vivo, however, is that the potassium channel α subunit multimers co-assemble with ancillary subunits to serve specific physiological functions. The ancillary subunits impart specific physiological properties that are often required for a particular activity in vivo; in addition, ancillary subunit interaction often alters the pharmacology of the resultant complex. In this chapter the modes of action of ancillary subunits on K+ channel physiology and pharmacology are described and categorized into various mechanistic classes.
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22
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Naffaa MM, Al-Ewaidat OA. Ligand modulation of KCNQ-encoded (K V7) potassium channels in the heart and nervous system. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 906:174278. [PMID: 34174270 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
KCNQ-encoded (KV7) potassium channels are diversely distributed in the human tissues, associated with many physiological processes and pathophysiological conditions. These channels are increasingly used as drug targets for treating diseases. More selective and potent molecules on various types of the KV7 channels are desirable for appropriate therapies. The recent knowledge of the structure and function of human KCNQ-encoded channels makes it more feasible to achieve these goals. This review discusses the role and mechanism of action of many molecules in modulating the function of the KCNQ-encoded potassium channels in the heart and nervous system. The effects of these compounds on KV7 channels help to understand their involvement in many diseases, and to search for more selective and potent ligands to be used in the treatment of many disorders such as various types of cardiac arrhythmias, epilepsy, and pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moawiah M Naffaa
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA; Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| | - Ola A Al-Ewaidat
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, 11942, Jordan
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23
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Wu Q, Su N, Huang X, Cui J, Shabala L, Zhou M, Yu M, Shabala S. Hypoxia-induced increase in GABA content is essential for restoration of membrane potential and preventing ROS-induced disturbance to ion homeostasis. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2021; 2:100188. [PMID: 34027398 PMCID: PMC8132176 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2021.100188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
When plants are exposed to hypoxic conditions, the level of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in plant tissues increases by several orders of magnitude. The physiological rationale behind this elevation remains largely unanswered. By combining genetic and electrophysiological approach, in this work we show that hypoxia-induced increase in GABA content is essential for restoration of membrane potential and preventing ROS-induced disturbance to cytosolic K+ homeostasis and Ca2+ signaling. We show that reduced O2 availability affects H+-ATPase pumping activity, leading to membrane depolarization and K+ loss via outward-rectifying GORK channels. Hypoxia stress also results in H2O2 accumulation in the cell that activates ROS-inducible Ca2+ uptake channels and triggers self-amplifying "ROS-Ca hub," further exacerbating K+ loss via non-selective cation channels that results in the loss of the cell's viability. Hypoxia-induced elevation in the GABA level may restore membrane potential by pH-dependent regulation of H+-ATPase and/or by generating more energy through the activation of the GABA shunt pathway and TCA cycle. Elevated GABA can also provide better control of the ROS-Ca2+ hub by transcriptional control of RBOH genes thus preventing over-excessive H2O2 accumulation. Finally, GABA can operate as a ligand directly controlling the open probability and conductance of K+ efflux GORK channels, thus enabling plants adaptation to hypoxic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wu
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
- Tasmanian Institute for Agriculture, College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
- Institute of Crop Germplasm and Biotechnology, Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Nana Su
- Tasmanian Institute for Agriculture, College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xin Huang
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
- Tasmanian Institute for Agriculture, College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Jin Cui
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Lana Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute for Agriculture, College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Meixue Zhou
- Tasmanian Institute for Agriculture, College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Min Yu
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
- Corresponding author
| | - Sergey Shabala
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
- Tasmanian Institute for Agriculture, College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
- Corresponding author
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Borgini M, Mondal P, Liu R, Wipf P. Chemical modulation of Kv7 potassium channels. RSC Med Chem 2021; 12:483-537. [PMID: 34046626 PMCID: PMC8128042 DOI: 10.1039/d0md00328j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The rising interest in Kv7 modulators originates from their ability to evoke fundamental electrophysiological perturbations in a tissue-specific manner. A large number of therapeutic applications are, in part, based on the clinical experience with two broad-spectrum Kv7 agonists, flupirtine and retigabine. Since precise molecular structures of human Kv7 channel subtypes in closed and open states have only very recently started to emerge, computational studies have traditionally been used to analyze binding modes and direct the development of more potent and selective Kv7 modulators with improved safety profiles. Herein, the synthetic and medicinal chemistry of small molecule modulators and the representative biological properties are summarized. Furthermore, new therapeutic applications supported by in vitro and in vivo assay data are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Borgini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA
| | - Pravat Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA
| | - Ruiting Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA
| | - Peter Wipf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA 15260 USA
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25
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Vasnik S, Sikdar SK. Cholinergic receptor-independent modulation of intrinsic resonance in the rat subiculum neurons through inhibition of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channels. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2021; 231:e13603. [PMID: 33332740 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM Acetylcholine release is vital in the pacing of theta rhythms in the hippocampus. The subiculum is the output region of the hippocampus with different neuronal subtypes that generate theta oscillations during arousal and rapid eye movement sleep. The combination of intrinsic resonance in the hippocampal neurons and the periodic excitation of hippocampal excitatory and inhibitory neurons by cholinergic pathway drives theta oscillations. However, the acetylcholine mediated effect on intrinsic subthreshold resonance generating hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated current, Ih of subicular neurons is unexplored. We studied the acetylcholine receptor-independent effect of cholinergic agents on the intrinsic properties of subiculum principal neurons and the underlying mechanism. METHODS We bath perfused acetylcholine or nicotine on rat brain slices in the presence of synaptic blockers. The physiological effect was studied by cholinergic fibres stimulation and electrophysiological recordings under whole-cell mode of subiculum neurons using septohippocampal sections. RESULTS Exogenously applied acetylcholine in the presence of atropine affected two groups of subicular neurons differently. Acetylcholine reduced the resonance frequency and Ih in bursting neurons, whereas these properties were unaffected in regular firing neurons. Subsequently, the endogenously released acetylcholine by stimulation showed a selective suppressive effect on Ih , sag, and resonance in burst firing among the two excitatory neurons. Nicotine suppressed the Ih amplitude in burst firing neurons, which was evident by decreased sag amplitude and resonance frequency and increased excitability. CONCLUSION Our study suggests cell type-specific acetylcholine receptor-independent shift in resonance frequency by partially inhibiting HCN current during high cholinergic inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Vasnik
- Molecular Biophysics Unit Indian Institute of Science Bangalore India
| | - Sujit K. Sikdar
- Molecular Biophysics Unit Indian Institute of Science Bangalore India
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26
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Mishra P, Sinha JK, Rajput SK. Efficacy of Cicuta virosa medicinal preparations against pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures. Epilepsy Behav 2021; 115:107653. [PMID: 33358679 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Epileptic seizures are characterized by imbalanced inhibition-excitation cycle that triggers biochemical alterations responsible for jeopardized neuronal integrity. Conventional antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) have been the mainstay option for treatment and control; however, symptomatic control and potential to exacerbate the seizure condition calls for viable alternative to these chemical agents. In this context, natural product-based therapies have accrued great interest in recent years due to competent disease management potential and lower associated adversities. Cicuta virosa (CV) is one such herbal remedy that is used in traditional system of medicine against myriad of disorders including epilepsy. Homeopathic medicinal preparations (HMPs) of CV were assessed for their efficacy in pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced acute and kindling models of epilepsy. CV HMPs increased the latency and reduced the duration of tonic-clonic phase in acute model while lowering the kindling score in the kindling model that signified their role in modulating GABAergic neurotransmission and potassium conductance. Kindling-induced impairment of cognition, memory, and motor coordination was ameliorated by the CV HMPs that substantiated their efficacy in imparting sustained neuronal fortification. Furthermore, biochemical evaluation showed attenuated oxidative stress load through reduced lipid peroxidation and strengthened free radical scavenging mechanism. Taken together, CV HMPs exhibited promising results in acute and kindling models and must be further assessed through molecular and epigenomic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Mishra
- Amity Institute of Neuropsychology and Neurosciences (AINN), Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201303, India.
| | - Jitendra Kumar Sinha
- Amity Institute of Neuropsychology and Neurosciences (AINN), Amity University, Uttar Pradesh, Noida 201303, India.
| | - Satyendra Kumar Rajput
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gurukul Kangri (deemed to be University), Haridwar, Uttrakhand, 249404, India.
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27
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Wu X, Larsson HP. Insights into Cardiac IKs (KCNQ1/KCNE1) Channels Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249440. [PMID: 33322401 PMCID: PMC7763278 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The delayed rectifier potassium IKs channel is an important regulator of the duration of the ventricular action potential. Hundreds of mutations in the genes (KCNQ1 and KCNE1) encoding the IKs channel cause long QT syndrome (LQTS). LQTS is a heart disorder that can lead to severe cardiac arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death. A better understanding of the IKs channel (here called the KCNQ1/KCNE1 channel) properties and activities is of great importance to find the causes of LQTS and thus potentially treat LQTS. The KCNQ1/KCNE1 channel belongs to the superfamily of voltage-gated potassium channels. The KCNQ1/KCNE1 channel consists of both the pore-forming subunit KCNQ1 and the modulatory subunit KCNE1. KCNE1 regulates the function of the KCNQ1 channel in several ways. This review aims to describe the current structural and functional knowledge about the cardiac KCNQ1/KCNE1 channel. In addition, we focus on the modulation of the KCNQ1/KCNE1 channel and its potential as a target therapeutic of LQTS.
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28
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Kurata HT. Chemical regulation of Kv7 channels: Diverse scaffolds, sites, and mechanisms of action. J Gen Physiol 2020; 152:151830. [PMID: 32484852 PMCID: PMC7398145 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202012598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Kv7 channels are powerfully regulated by a wide variety of physiological and pharmacological signals. Larsson et al. describe the direct modulation of Kv7 channels by endocannabinoids and explore how combinations of Kv7 activators with distinct subtype specificities might lead to effective and selective drug cocktails.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harley T Kurata
- Department of Pharmacology, Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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29
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Miceli F, Carotenuto L, Barrese V, Soldovieri MV, Heinzen EL, Mandel AM, Lippa N, Bier L, Goldstein DB, Cooper EC, Cilio MR, Taglialatela M, Sands TT. A Novel Kv7.3 Variant in the Voltage-Sensing S 4 Segment in a Family With Benign Neonatal Epilepsy: Functional Characterization and in vitro Rescue by β-Hydroxybutyrate. Front Physiol 2020; 11:1040. [PMID: 33013448 PMCID: PMC7498716 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.01040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic variants in KCNQ2 and KCNQ3, paralogous genes encoding Kv7.2 and Kv7.3 voltage-gated K+ channel subunits, are responsible for early-onset developmental/epileptic disorders characterized by heterogeneous clinical phenotypes ranging from benign familial neonatal epilepsy (BFNE) to early-onset developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE). KCNQ2 variants account for the majority of pedigrees with BFNE and KCNQ3 variants are responsible for a much smaller subgroup, but the reasons for this imbalance remain unclear. Analysis of additional pedigrees is needed to further clarify the nature of this genetic heterogeneity and to improve prediction of pathogenicity for novel variants. We identified a BFNE family with two siblings and a parent affected. Exome sequencing on samples from both parents and siblings revealed a novel KCNQ3 variant (c.719T>G; p.M240R), segregating in the three affected individuals. The M240 residue is conserved among human Kv7.2-5 and lies between the two arginines (R5 and R6) closest to the intracellular side of the voltage-sensing S4 transmembrane segment. Whole cell patch-clamp recordings in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells revealed that homomeric Kv7.3 M240R channels were not functional, whereas heteromeric channels incorporating Kv7.3 M240R mutant subunits with Kv7.2 and Kv7.3 displayed a depolarizing shift of about 10 mV in activation gating. Molecular modeling results suggested that the M240R substitution preferentially stabilized the resting state and possibly destabilized the activated state of the Kv7.3 subunits, a result consistent with functional data. Exposure to β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), a ketone body generated during the ketogenic diet (KD), reversed channel dysfunction induced by the M240R variant. In conclusion, we describe the first missense loss-of-function (LoF) pathogenic variant within the S4 segment of Kv7.3 identified in patients with BFNE. Studied under conditions mimicking heterozygosity, the M240R variant mainly affects the voltage sensitivity, in contrast to previously analyzed BFNE Kv7.3 variants that reduce current density. Our pharmacological results provide a rationale for the use of KD in patients carrying LoF variants in Kv7.2 or Kv7.3 subunits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Miceli
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Lidia Carotenuto
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Barrese
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | | | - Erin L Heinzen
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.,Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Arthur M Mandel
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Natalie Lippa
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Louise Bier
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - David B Goldstein
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Edward C Cooper
- Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience, and Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Maria Roberta Cilio
- Department of Pediatrics and Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Tristan T Sands
- Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States.,Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
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30
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Wilenkin B, Burris KD, Eastwood BJ, Sher E, Williams AC, Priest BT. Development of an Electrophysiological Assay for Kv7 Modulators on IonWorks Barracuda. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2020; 17:310-321. [PMID: 31634018 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2019.942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Relief from chronic pain continues to represent a large unmet need. The voltage-gated potassium channel Kv7.2/7.3, also known as KCNQ2/3, is a key contributor to the control of resting membrane potential and excitability in nociceptive neurons and represents a promising target for potential therapeutics. In this study, we present a medium throughput electrophysiological assay for the identification and characterization of modulators of Kv7.2/7.3 channels, using the IonWorks Barracuda™ automated voltage clamp platform. The assay combines a family of voltage steps used to construct conductance curves with a unique analysis method. Kv7.2/7.3 modulators shift the activation voltage and/or change the maximal conductance of the current, and both parameters have been used to quantify compound mediated effects. Both effects are expected to modulate neuronal excitability in vivo. The analysis method described assigns a single potency value that combines changes in activation voltage and maximal conductance and is expected to predict compound mediated changes in excitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Wilenkin
- Department of Quantitative Biology, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Kevin D Burris
- Department of Quantitative Biology, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Brian J Eastwood
- Department of Statistics, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Emanuele Sher
- Department of Discovery Pain Group, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Andrew C Williams
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Birgit T Priest
- Department of Quantitative Biology, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
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31
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Kanyo R, Wang CK, Locskai LF, Li J, Allison WT, Kurata HT. Functional and behavioral signatures of Kv7 activator drug subtypes. Epilepsia 2020; 61:1678-1690. [PMID: 32652600 DOI: 10.1111/epi.16592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Voltage-gated potassium channels of the KCNQ (Kv7) family are targeted by a variety of activator compounds with therapeutic potential for treatment of epilepsy. Exploration of this drug class has revealed a variety of effective compounds with diverse mechanisms. In this study, we aimed to clarify functional criteria for categorization of Kv7 activator compounds, and to compare the effects of prototypical drugs in a zebrafish larvae model. METHODS In vitro electrophysiological approaches with recombinant ion channels were used to highlight functional properties important for classification of drug mechanisms. We also benchmarked the effects of representative antiepileptic Kv7 activator drugs using behavioral seizure assays of zebrafish larvae and in vivo Ca2+ imaging with the ratiometric Ca2+ sensor CaMPARI. RESULTS Drug effects on channel gating kinetics, and drug sensitivity profiles to diagnostic channel mutations, were used to highlight properties for categorization of Kv7 activator drugs into voltage sensor-targeted or pore-targeted subtypes. Quantifying seizures and ratiometric Ca2+ imaging in freely swimming zebrafish larvae demonstrated that while all Kv7 activators tested lead to suppression of neuronal excitability, pore-targeted activators (like ML213 and retigabine) strongly suppress seizure behavior, whereas ICA-069673 triggers a seizure-like hypermotile behavior. SIGNIFICANCE This study suggests criteria to categorize antiepileptic Kv7 activator drugs based on their underlying mechanism. We also establish the use of in vivo CaMPARI as a tool for screening effects of anticonvulsant drugs on neuronal excitability in zebrafish. In summary, despite a shared ability to suppress neuronal excitability, our findings illustrate how mechanistic differences between Kv7 activator subtypes influence their effects on heteromeric channels and lead to vastly different in vivo outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Kanyo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Disease, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Caroline K Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Laszlo F Locskai
- Department of Biological Sciences, Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Disease, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jingru Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - W Ted Allison
- Department of Biological Sciences, Centre for Prions and Protein Folding Disease, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Harley T Kurata
- Department of Pharmacology, Alberta Diabetes Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Redford KE, Abbott GW. The ubiquitous flavonoid quercetin is an atypical KCNQ potassium channel activator. Commun Biol 2020; 3:356. [PMID: 32641720 PMCID: PMC7343821 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-1089-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Many commonly consumed plants are used as folk medicines, often with unclear molecular mechanisms. Recent studies uncovered the ubiquitous and influential KCNQ family of voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels as a therapeutic target for several medicinal plant compounds. Capers - immature flower buds of Capparis spinosa - have been consumed for food and medicinal purposes for millennia. Here, we show that caper extract hyperpolarizes cells expressing KCNQ1 or KCNQ2/3 Kv channels. Capers are the richest known natural source of quercetin, the most consumed dietary flavonoid. Quercetin potentiated KCNQ1/KCNE1, KCNQ2/3 and KCNQ4 currents but, unusually, not KCNQ5. Strikingly, quercetin augmented both activation and inactivation of KCNQ1, via a unique KCNQ activation mechanism involving sites atop the voltage sensor and in the pore. The findings uncover a novel potential molecular basis for therapeutic effects of quercetin-rich foods and a new chemical space for atypical modes of KCNQ channel modulation. Kaitlyn E. Redford and Geoffrey W. Abbott show that quercetin, a flavonoid highly expressed in capers, potentiates KCNQ currents to varying degrees depending on the subunit composition of the channel complex. By combining in silico docking, mutagenesis, and electrophysiology they show that this flavonoid can bind KCNQ channels atop the voltage sensor and within the pore module, highlighting an atypical mode of channel modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlyn E Redford
- Bioelectricity Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Geoffrey W Abbott
- Bioelectricity Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
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Mondejar-Parreño G, Perez-Vizcaino F, Cogolludo A. Kv7 Channels in Lung Diseases. Front Physiol 2020; 11:634. [PMID: 32676036 PMCID: PMC7333540 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung diseases constitute a global health concern causing disability. According to WHO in 2016, respiratory diseases accounted for 24% of world population mortality, the second cause of death after cardiovascular diseases. The Kv7 channels family is a group of voltage-dependent K+ channels (Kv) encoded by KCNQ genes that are involved in various physiological functions in numerous cell types, especially, cardiac myocytes, smooth muscle cells, neurons, and epithelial cells. Kv7 channel α-subunits are regulated by KCNE1–5 ancillary β-subunits, which modulate several characteristics of Kv7 channels such as biophysical properties, cell-location, channel trafficking, and pharmacological sensitivity. Kv7 channels are mainly expressed in two large groups of lung tissues: pulmonary arteries (PAs) and bronchial tubes. In PA, Kv7 channels are expressed in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs); while in the airway (trachea, bronchus, and bronchioles), Kv7 channels are expressed in airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs), airway epithelial cells (AEPs), and vagal airway C-fibers (VACFs). The functional role of Kv7 channels may vary depending on the cell type. Several studies have demonstrated that the impairment of Kv7 channel has a strong impact on pulmonary physiology contributing to the pathophysiology of different respiratory diseases such as cystic fibrosis, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic coughing, lung cancer, and pulmonary hypertension. Kv7 channels are now recognized as playing relevant physiological roles in many tissues, which have encouraged the search for Kv7 channel modulators with potential therapeutic use in many diseases including those affecting the lung. Modulation of Kv7 channels has been proposed to provide beneficial effects in a number of lung conditions. Therefore, Kv7 channel openers/enhancers or drugs acting partly through these channels have been proposed as bronchodilators, expectorants, antitussives, chemotherapeutics and pulmonary vasodilators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gema Mondejar-Parreño
- Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Perez-Vizcaino
- Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel Cogolludo
- Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain
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34
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Abbott GW. KCNQs: Ligand- and Voltage-Gated Potassium Channels. Front Physiol 2020; 11:583. [PMID: 32655402 PMCID: PMC7324551 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels in the KCNQ (Kv7) family are essential features of a broad range of excitable and non-excitable cell types and are found in organisms ranging from Hydra vulgaris to Homo sapiens. Although they are firmly in the superfamily of S4 domain-bearing voltage-sensing ion channels, KCNQ channels are highly sensitive to a range of endogenous and exogenous small molecules that act directly on the pore, the voltage-sensing domain, or the interface between the two. The focus of this review is regulation of KCNQs by direct binding of neurotransmitters and metabolites from both animals and plants and the role of the latter in the effects of plants consumed for food and as traditional folk medicines. The conceptual question arises: Are KCNQs voltage-gated channels that are also sensitive to ligands or ligand-gated channels that are also sensitive to voltage?
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey W Abbott
- Bioelectricity Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
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35
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Sharma R. Data science-driven analyses of drugs inducing hypertension as an adverse effect. Mol Divers 2020; 25:801-810. [PMID: 32415493 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-020-10059-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The utilization of approved medication is a requisite to combat certain diseases for health; however, the undesirable adverse effects (AEs) due to medication are generally unavoidable. Hypertension is one of such AEs resulting from approved medication in which blood pressure in the arteries gets elevated and is a risk factor for several diseases including heart and kidney failure. HTs are the approved drugs that can cause hypertension as an AE. Here, the goal of the study is to investigate the structural and functional diversities of HTs. In our quest to unravel the structural parameters of the HTs, a systematic analysis of the HTs having a different number and type of ring systems was conducted. The cellular component, molecular function and biological processes adopted by the gene products were analyzed. Moreover, our systematically done analysis suggests that all the target families are active in a common pathway, that is, nerve transmission. A comparison of the selected structural and functional aspect of HTs with anti-hypertensives suggests that HTs follow certain structural and functional features in spite of many possibilities. Our study provides a promising methodology that considers the influence of structural diversity of AE causing agents on a functional perspective for precursory clinical decision making. This could be extended to explore the structural and functional trends that are adopted by agents causing certain diseases or AEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reetu Sharma
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Tarnaka, Hyderabad, 500007, India.
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36
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Van Theemsche KM, Van de Sande DV, Snyders DJ, Labro AJ. Hydrophobic Drug/Toxin Binding Sites in Voltage-Dependent K + and Na + Channels. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:735. [PMID: 32499709 PMCID: PMC7243439 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In the Nav channel family the lipophilic drugs/toxins binding sites and the presence of fenestrations in the channel pore wall are well defined and categorized. No such classification exists in the much larger Kv channel family, although certain lipophilic compounds seem to deviate from binding to well-known hydrophilic binding sites. By mapping different compound binding sites onto 3D structures of Kv channels, there appear to be three distinct lipid-exposed binding sites preserved in Kv channels: the front and back side of the pore domain, and S2-S3/S3-S4 clefts. One or a combination of these sites is most likely the orthologous equivalent of neurotoxin site 5 in Nav channels. This review describes the different lipophilic binding sites and location of pore wall fenestrations within the Kv channel family and compares it to the knowledge of Nav channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenny M Van Theemsche
- Laboratory of Molecular, Cellular, and Network Excitability, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Dieter V Van de Sande
- Laboratory of Molecular, Cellular, and Network Excitability, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Dirk J Snyders
- Laboratory of Molecular, Cellular, and Network Excitability, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Alain J Labro
- Laboratory of Molecular, Cellular, and Network Excitability, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Adem GD, Chen G, Shabala L, Chen ZH, Shabala S. GORK Channel: A Master Switch of Plant Metabolism? TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 25:434-445. [PMID: 31964604 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2019.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Potassium regulates a plethora of metabolic and developmental response in plants, and upon exposure to biotic and abiotic stresses a substantial K+ loss occurs from plant cells. The outward-rectifying potassium efflux GORK channels are central to this stress-induced K+ loss from the cytosol. In the mammalian systems, signaling molecules such as gamma-aminobutyric acid, G-proteins, ATP, inositol, and protein phosphatases were shown to operate as ligands controlling many K+ efflux channels. Here we present the evidence that the same molecules may also regulate GORK channels in plants. This mechanism enables operation of the GORK channels as a master switch of the cell metabolism, thus adjusting intracellular K+ homeostasis to altered environmental conditions, to maximize plant adaptive potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Getnet D Adem
- Tasmanian Institute for Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Guang Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Centre for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China; College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lana Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute for Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia; Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
| | - Sergey Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute for Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia; International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China.
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Manville RW, Abbott GW. Isoform-Selective KCNA1 Potassium Channel Openers Built from Glycine. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2020; 373:391-401. [PMID: 32217768 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.119.264507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss of function of voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels is linked to a range of lethal or debilitating channelopathies. New pharmacological approaches are warranted to isoform-selectively activate specific Kv channels. One example is KCNA1 Potassium Voltage-Gated Channel Subfamily A Member 1 (KCNA1) (Kv1.1), an archetypal Shaker-type Kv channel, in which loss-of-function mutations cause episodic ataxia type 1 (EA1). EA1 causes constant myokomia and episodic bouts of ataxia and may associate with epilepsy and other disorders. We previously found that the inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid and modified versions of glycine directly activate Kv channels within the KCNQ subfamily, a characteristic favored by strong negative electrostatic surface potential near the neurotransmitter carbonyl group. Here, we report that adjusting the number and positioning of fluorine atoms within the fluorophenyl ring of glycine derivatives produces isoform-selective KCNA1 channel openers that are inactive against KCNQ2/3 channels, or even KCNA2, the closest relative of KCNA1. The findings refine our understanding of the molecular basis for KCNQ versus KCNA1 activation and isoform selectivity and constitute, to our knowledge, the first reported isoform-selective KCNA1 opener. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Inherited loss-of-function gene sequence variants in KCNA1, which encodes the KCNA1 (Kv1.1) voltage-gated potassium channel, cause episodic ataxia type 1 (EA1), a movement disorder also linked to epilepsy and developmental delay. We have discovered several isoform-specific KCNA1-activating small molecules, addressing a notable gap in the field and providing possible lead compounds and a novel chemical space for the development of potential future therapeutic drugs for EA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rían W Manville
- Bioelectricity Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Geoffrey W Abbott
- Bioelectricity Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California
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Gore A, Neufeld-Cohen A, Egoz I, Baranes S, Gez R, Grauer E, Chapman S, Lazar S. Efficacy of retigabine in ameliorating the brain insult following sarin exposure in the rat. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2020; 395:114963. [PMID: 32209366 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2020.114963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarin is an irreversible organophosphate cholinesterase inhibitor. Following toxic signs, an extensive long-term brain damage is often reported. Thus, we evaluated the efficacy of a novel anticonvulsant drug retigabine, a modulator of neuronal voltage gated K+ channels, as a neuroprotective agent following sarin exposure. METHODS Rats were exposed to 1 LD50 or 1.2 LD50 sarin and treated at onset of convulsions with retigabine (5 mg/kg, i.p.) alone or in combination with 5 mg/kg atropine and 7.5 mg/kg TMB-4 (TA) respectively. Brain biochemical and immunohistopathological analyses were processed 24 h and 1 week following 1 LD50 sarin exposure and at 4 weeks following exposure to 1.2 LD50 sarin. EEG activity in freely moving rats was also monitored by telemetry during the first week following exposure to 1.2 LD50 and behavior in the Open Field was evaluated 3 weeks post exposure. RESULTS Treatment with retigabine following 1 LD50 sarin exposure or in combination with TA following 1.2 LD50 exposure significantly reduced mortality rate compared to the non-treated groups. In both experiments, the retigabine treatment significantly reduced gliosis, astrocytosis and brain damage as measured by translocator protein (TSPO). Following sarin exposure the combined treatment (retigabine+ TA) significantly minimized epileptiform seizure activity. Finally, in the Open Field behavioral test the non-treated sarin group showed an increased mobility which was reversed by the combined treatment. CONCLUSIONS The M current modulator retigabine has been shown to be an effective adjunct therapy following OP induced convulsion, minimizing epileptiform seizure activity and attenuating the ensuing brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Gore
- Department. of Pharmacology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 74100, Israel.
| | - Adi Neufeld-Cohen
- Department. of Pharmacology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Inbal Egoz
- Department. of Pharmacology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Shlomi Baranes
- Department. of Pharmacology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Rellie Gez
- Department. of Pharmacology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Ettie Grauer
- Department. of Pharmacology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Shira Chapman
- Department. of Pharmacology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 74100, Israel
| | - Shlomi Lazar
- Department. of Pharmacology, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona 74100, Israel.
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40
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Shi S, Li J, Sun F, Chen Y, Pang C, Geng Y, Qi J, Guo S, Wang X, Zhang H, Zhan Y, An H. Molecular Mechanisms and Structural Basis of Retigabine Analogues in Regulating KCNQ2 Channel. J Membr Biol 2020; 253:167-181. [DOI: 10.1007/s00232-020-00113-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Manville RW, Abbott GW. Potassium channels act as chemosensors for solute transporters. Commun Biol 2020; 3:90. [PMID: 32111967 PMCID: PMC7048750 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-0820-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Potassium channels form physical complexes with solute transporters in vivo, yet little is known about their range of possible signaling modalities and the underlying mechanisms. The KCNQ2/3 potassium channel, which generates neuronal M-current, is voltage-gated and its activity is also stimulated by binding of various small molecules. KCNQ2/3 forms reciprocally regulating complexes with sodium-coupled myo-inositol transporters (SMITs) in mammalian neurons. Here, we report that the neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and other small molecules directly regulate myo-inositol transport in rat dorsal root ganglia, and by human SMIT1-KCNQ2/3 complexes in vitro, by inducing a distinct KCNQ2/3 pore conformation. Reciprocally, SMIT1 tunes KCNQ2/3 sensing of GABA and related metabolites. Ion permeation and mutagenesis studies suggest that SMIT1 and GABA similarly alter KCNQ2/3 pore conformation but via different KCNQ subunits and molecular mechanisms. KCNQ channels therefore act as chemosensors to enable co-assembled myo-inositol transporters to respond to diverse stimuli including neurotransmitters, metabolites and drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rίan W Manville
- Bioelectricity Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Geoffrey W Abbott
- Bioelectricity Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
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Cabello-Arreola A, Ho AMC, Ozerdem A, Cuellar-Barboza AB, Kucuker MU, Heppelmann CJ, Charlesworth MC, Ceylan D, Stockmeier CA, Rajkowska G, Frye MA, Choi DS, Veldic M. Differential Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex Proteomic Profiles of Suicide Victims with Mood Disorders. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E256. [PMID: 32120974 PMCID: PMC7140872 DOI: 10.3390/genes11030256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Suicide is a major public health concern; nevertheless, its neurobiology remains unknown. An area of interest in suicide research is the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). We aimed to identify altered proteins and potential biological pathways in the DLPFC of individuals who died by suicide employing mass spectrometry-based untargeted proteomics. Postmortem DLPFC from age-matched male suicide mood disorder cases (n = 5) and non-suicide mood disorder cases (n = 5) were compared. The proteins that differed between groups at false discovery rate (FDR) adjusted p-values (Benjamini-Hochberg-Yekutieli) <0.3 and Log2 fold change (FC) >|0.4| were considered statistically significant and were subjected to pathway analysis by Qiagen Ingenuity software. Thirty-three of the 5162 detected proteins showed significantly altered expression levels in the suicide cases and two of them after adjustment for body mass index. The top differentially expressed protein was potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily Q member 3 (KCNQ3) (Log2FC = -0.481, p = 2.10 × 10-09, FDR = 5.93 × 10-06), which also showed a trend to downregulation in Western blot (p = 0.045, Bonferroni adjusted p = 0.090). The most notably enriched pathway was the GABA receptor signaling pathway (p < 0.001). Here, we report a reduction trend of KCNQ3 levels in the DLPFC of male suicide victims with mood disorders. Further studies with a larger sample size and equal sex representation are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ada Man-Choi Ho
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Aysegul Ozerdem
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Health Sciences Institute, Izmir 35340, Turkey
- Department of Psychiatry, Dokuz Eylul University, School of Medicine, Izmir 35220, Turkey
| | - Alfredo B. Cuellar-Barboza
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey 64460, Mexico
| | - Mehmet U. Kucuker
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | | | - Deniz Ceylan
- Izmir University of Economics, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Izmir 35330, Turkey
| | - Craig A. Stockmeier
- Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Grazyna Rajkowska
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Mark A. Frye
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Doo-Sup Choi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Neuroscience Program, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Marin Veldic
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Ostacolo C, Miceli F, Di Sarno V, Nappi P, Iraci N, Soldovieri MV, Ciaglia T, Ambrosino P, Vestuto V, Lauritano A, Musella S, Pepe G, Basilicata MG, Manfra M, Perinelli DR, Novellino E, Bertamino A, Gomez-Monterrey IM, Campiglia P, Taglialatela M. Synthesis and Pharmacological Characterization of Conformationally Restricted Retigabine Analogues as Novel Neuronal Kv7 Channel Activators. J Med Chem 2019; 63:163-185. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Ostacolo
- Department of Pharmacy, University Federico II of Naples, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Miceli
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University Federico II of Naples, Via Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Veronica Di Sarno
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Piera Nappi
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University Federico II of Naples, Via Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Nunzio Iraci
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Maria Virginia Soldovieri
- Department of Medicine and Health Science V. Tiberio, University of Molise, Via F. de Sanctis, 86100 Campobasso, Italy
| | - Tania Ciaglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Paolo Ambrosino
- Department of Science and Technology (DST), University of Sannio, Via Port’Arsa 11, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Vestuto
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Anna Lauritano
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University Federico II of Naples, Via Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Musella
- European Biomedical Research Center (EBRIS), Via Salvatore de Renzi, 3, 84125 Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Giacomo Pepe
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | | | - Michele Manfra
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Via dell’Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Diego Romano Perinelli
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, Macerata, Italy
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Department of Pharmacy, University Federico II of Naples, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessia Bertamino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | | | - Pietro Campiglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Maurizio Taglialatela
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University Federico II of Naples, Via Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Bouagnon AD, Lin L, Srivastava S, Liu CC, Panda O, Schroeder FC, Srinivasan S, Ashrafi K. Intestinal peroxisomal fatty acid β-oxidation regulates neural serotonin signaling through a feedback mechanism. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000242. [PMID: 31805041 PMCID: PMC6917301 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to coordinate behavioral responses with metabolic status is fundamental to the maintenance of energy homeostasis. In numerous species including Caenorhabditis elegans and mammals, neural serotonin signaling regulates a range of food-related behaviors. However, the mechanisms that integrate metabolic information with serotonergic circuits are poorly characterized. Here, we identify metabolic, molecular, and cellular components of a circuit that links peripheral metabolic state to serotonin-regulated behaviors in C. elegans. We find that blocking the entry of fatty acyl coenzyme As (CoAs) into peroxisomal β-oxidation in the intestine blunts the effects of neural serotonin signaling on feeding and egg-laying behaviors. Comparative genomics and metabolomics revealed that interfering with intestinal peroxisomal β-oxidation results in a modest global transcriptional change but significant changes to the metabolome, including a large number of changes in ascaroside and phospholipid species, some of which affect feeding behavior. We also identify body cavity neurons and an ether-a-go-go (EAG)-related potassium channel that functions in these neurons as key cellular components of the circuitry linking peripheral metabolic signals to regulation of neural serotonin signaling. These data raise the possibility that the effects of serotonin on satiety may have their origins in feedback, homeostatic metabolic responses from the periphery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude D. Bouagnon
- Department of Physiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Physiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Shubhi Srivastava
- Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Chung-Chih Liu
- Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Oishika Panda
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Frank C. Schroeder
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Supriya Srinivasan
- Dorris Neuroscience Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Kaveh Ashrafi
- Department of Physiology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
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Manville RW, Papanikolaou M, Abbott GW. M-Channel Activation Contributes to the Anticonvulsant Action of the Ketone Body β-Hydroxybutyrate. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2019; 372:148-156. [PMID: 31757819 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.119.263350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ketogenic diets are effective therapies for refractory epilepsy, yet the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. The anticonvulsant efficacy of ketogenic diets correlates positively to the serum concentration of β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), the primary ketone body generated by ketosis. Voltage-gated potassium channels generated by KCNQ2-5 subunits, especially KCNQ2/3 heteromers, generate the M-current, a therapeutic target for synthetic anticonvulsants. Here, we report that BHB directly activates KCNQ2/3 channels (EC50 = 0.7 µM), via a highly conserved S5 tryptophan (W265) on KCNQ3. BHB was also acutely effective as an anticonvulsant in the pentylene tetrazole (PTZ) seizure assay in mice. Strikingly, coadministration of γ-amino-β-hydroxybutyric acid, a high-affinity KCNQ2/3 partial agonist that also acts via KCNQ3-W265, similarly reduced the efficacy of BHB in KCNQ2/3 channel activation in vitro and in the PTZ seizure assay in vivo. Our results uncover a novel, unexpected molecular basis for anticonvulsant effects of the major ketone body induced by ketosis. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Ketogenic diets are used to treat refractory epilepsy but the therapeutic mechanism is not fully understood. Here, we show that clinically relevant concentrations of β-hydroxybutyrate, the primary ketone body generated during ketogenesis, activates KCNQ2/3 potassium channels by binding to a specific site on KCNQ3, an effect known to reduce neuronal excitability. We provide evidence using a mouse chemoconvulsant model that KCNQ2/3 activation contributes to the antiepileptic action of β-hydroxybutyrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rían W Manville
- Bioelectricity Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Maria Papanikolaou
- Bioelectricity Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Geoffrey W Abbott
- Bioelectricity Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California
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Manville RW, Abbott GW. In silico re-engineering of a neurotransmitter to activate KCNQ potassium channels in an isoform-specific manner. Commun Biol 2019; 2:401. [PMID: 31701029 PMCID: PMC6825221 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0648-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channel dysfunction causes a variety of inherited disorders, but developing small molecules that activate Kv channels has proven challenging. We recently discovered that the inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) directly activates Kv channels KCNQ3 and KCNQ5. Here, finding that inhibitory neurotransmitter glycine does not activate KCNQs, we re-engineered it in silico to introduce predicted KCNQ-opening properties, screened by in silico docking, then validated the hits in vitro. Attaching a fluorophenyl ring to glycine optimized its electrostatic potential, converting it to a low-nM affinity KCNQ channel activator. Repositioning the phenyl ring fluorine and/or adding a methylsulfonyl group increased the efficacy of the re-engineered glycines and switched their target KCNQs. Combining KCNQ2- and KCNQ3-specific glycine derivatives synergistically potentiated KCNQ2/3 activation by exploiting heteromeric channel composition. Thus, in silico optimization and docking, combined with functional screening of only three compounds, facilitated re-engineering of glycine to develop several potent KCNQ activators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rían W. Manville
- Bioelectricity Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA USA
| | - Geoffrey W. Abbott
- Bioelectricity Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA USA
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Manville RW, Abbott GW. Cilantro leaf harbors a potent potassium channel-activating anticonvulsant. FASEB J 2019; 33:11349-11363. [PMID: 31311306 PMCID: PMC6766653 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900485r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Herbs have a long history of use as folk medicine anticonvulsants, yet the underlying mechanisms often remain unknown. Neuronal voltage-gated potassium channel subfamily Q (KCNQ) dysfunction can cause severe epileptic encephalopathies that are resistant to modern anticonvulsants. Here we report that cilantro (Coriandrum sativum), a widely used culinary herb that also exhibits antiepileptic and other therapeutic activities, is a highly potent KCNQ channel activator. Screening of cilantro leaf metabolites revealed that one, the long-chain fatty aldehyde (E)-2-dodecenal, activates multiple KCNQs, including the predominant neuronal isoform, KCNQ2/KCNQ3 [half maximal effective concentration (EC50), 60 ± 20 nM], and the predominant cardiac isoform, KCNQ1 in complexes with the type I transmembrane ancillary subunit (KCNE1) (EC50, 260 ± 100 nM). (E)-2-dodecenal also recapitulated the anticonvulsant action of cilantro, delaying pentylene tetrazole-induced seizures. In silico docking and mutagenesis studies identified the (E)-2-dodecenal binding site, juxtaposed between residues on the KCNQ S5 transmembrane segment and S4-5 linker. The results provide a molecular basis for the therapeutic actions of cilantro and indicate that this ubiquitous culinary herb is surprisingly influential upon clinically important KCNQ channels.-Manville, R. W., Abbott, G. W. Cilantro leaf harbors a potent potassium channel-activating anticonvulsant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rían W. Manville
- Bioelectricity Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California–Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Geoffrey W. Abbott
- Bioelectricity Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California–Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
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KCNQ5 activation is a unifying molecular mechanism shared by genetically and culturally diverse botanical hypotensive folk medicines. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:21236-21245. [PMID: 31570602 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1907511116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Botanical folk medicines have been used throughout human history to treat common disorders such as hypertension, often with unknown underlying mechanisms. Here, we discovered that hypotensive folk medicines from a genetically diverse range of plant species each selectively activated the vascular-expressed KCNQ5 potassium channel, a feature lacking in the modern synthetic pharmacopeia, whereas nonhypotensive plant extracts did not. Analyzing constituents of the hypotensive Sophora flavescens root, we found that the quinolizidine alkaloid aloperine is a KCNQ-dependent vasorelaxant that potently and isoform-selectively activates KCNQ5 by binding near the foot of the channel voltage sensor. Our findings reveal that KCNQ5-selective activation is a defining molecular mechanistic signature of genetically diverse traditional botanical hypotensives, transcending plant genus and human cultural boundaries. Discovery of botanical KCNQ5-selective potassium channel openers may enable future targeted therapies for diseases including hypertension and KCNQ5 loss-of-function encephalopathy.
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Abstract
Voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels open in response to changes in membrane potential to permit passage of K+ ions across the cell membrane, down their electrochemical gradient. Sodium-coupled solute transporters utilize the downhill sodium gradient to co-transport solutes, ranging from ions to sugars to neurotransmitters, into the cell. A variety of recent studies have uncovered cooperation between these two structurally and functionally unrelated classes of protein, revealing previously unnoticed functional crosstalk and in many cases physical interaction to form channel-transporter (chansporter) complexes. Adding to this field, Bartolomé-Martín and colleagues now report that the heteromeric KCNQ2/KCNQ3 (Kv7.2/7.3) potassium channel - the primary molecular correlate of the neuronal M-current - can physically interact with two sodium-coupled neurotransmitter transporters expressed in the brain, DAT and GLT1 (dopamine and glutamate transporters, respectively). The authors provide evidence that the interactions may enhance transporter activity while dampening the depolarizing effects of sodium influx. Cumulative evidence discussed here suggests that chansporter complexes represent a widespread form of cellular signaling hub, in the CNS and other tissues. This article is part of the issue entitled 'Special Issue on Neurotransmitter Transporters'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rían W Manville
- Bioelectricity Laboratory, Dept. of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Geoffrey W Abbott
- Bioelectricity Laboratory, Dept. of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
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Abstract
The highly structurally similar drugs flupirtine and retigabine have been regarded as safe and effective for many years but lately they turned out to exert intolerable side effects. While the twin molecules share the mode of action, both stabilize the open state of voltage-gated potassium channels, the form and severity of adverse effects is different. The analgesic flupirtine caused drug-induced liver injury in rare but fatal cases, whereas prolonged use of the antiepileptic retigabine led to blue tissue discoloration. Because the adverse effects seem unrelated to the mode of action, it is likely, that both drugs that occupied important therapeutic niches, could be replaced. Reasons for the clinically relevant toxicity will be clarified and future substitutes for these drugs presented in this review.
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