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Giaimo BD, Friedrich T, Ferrante F, Bartkuhn M, Borggrefe T. Comprehensive genomic features indicative for Notch responsiveness. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:5179-5194. [PMID: 38647081 PMCID: PMC11109962 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor RBPJ is the central component in Notch signal transduction and directly forms a coactivator complex together with the Notch intracellular domain (NICD). While RBPJ protein levels remain constant in most tissues, dynamic expression of Notch target genes varies depending on the given cell-type and the Notch activity state. To elucidate dynamic RBPJ binding genome-wide, we investigated RBPJ occupancy by ChIP-Seq. Surprisingly, only a small set of the total RBPJ sites show a dynamic binding behavior in response to Notch signaling. Compared to static RBPJ sites, dynamic sites differ in regard to their chromatin state, binding strength and enhancer positioning. Dynamic RBPJ sites are predominantly located distal to transcriptional start sites (TSSs), while most static sites are found in promoter-proximal regions. Importantly, gene responsiveness is preferentially associated with dynamic RBPJ binding sites and this static and dynamic binding behavior is repeatedly observed across different cell types and species. Based on the above findings we used a machine-learning algorithm to predict Notch responsiveness with high confidence in different cellular contexts. Our results strongly support the notion that the combination of binding strength and enhancer positioning are indicative of Notch responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetto Daniele Giaimo
- Institute of Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Tobias Friedrich
- Institute of Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Biomedical Informatics and Systems Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Aulweg 128, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Francesca Ferrante
- Institute of Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Marek Bartkuhn
- Biomedical Informatics and Systems Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Aulweg 128, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- Institute for Lung Health, Aulweg 132, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Tilman Borggrefe
- Institute of Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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2
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Zhang S, Shu H, Zhou J, Rubin-Sigler J, Yang X, Liu Y, Cooper-Knock J, Monte E, Zhu C, Tu S, Li H, Tong M, Ecker JR, Ichida JK, Shen Y, Zeng J, Tsao PS, Snyder MP. Deconvolution of polygenic risk score in single cells unravels cellular and molecular heterogeneity of complex human diseases. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.14.594252. [PMID: 38798507 PMCID: PMC11118500 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.14.594252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) are commonly used for predicting an individual's genetic risk of complex diseases. Yet, their implication for disease pathogenesis remains largely limited. Here, we introduce scPRS, a geometric deep learning model that constructs single-cell-resolved PRS leveraging reference single-cell chromatin accessibility profiling data to enhance biological discovery as well as disease prediction. Real-world applications across multiple complex diseases, including type 2 diabetes (T2D), hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), and Alzheimer's disease (AD), showcase the superior prediction power of scPRS compared to traditional PRS methods. Importantly, scPRS not only predicts disease risk but also uncovers disease-relevant cells, such as hormone-high alpha and beta cells for T2D, cardiomyocytes and pericytes for HCM, and astrocytes, microglia and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells for AD. Facilitated by a layered multi-omic analysis, scPRS further identifies cell-type-specific genetic underpinnings, linking disease-associated genetic variants to gene regulation within corresponding cell types. We substantiate the disease relevance of scPRS-prioritized HCM genes and demonstrate that the suppression of these genes in HCM cardiomyocytes is rescued by Mavacamten treatment. Additionally, we establish a novel microglia-specific regulatory relationship between the AD risk variant rs7922621 and its target genes ANXA11 and TSPAN14. We further illustrate the detrimental effects of suppressing these two genes on microglia phagocytosis. Our work provides a multi-tasking, interpretable framework for precise disease prediction and systematic investigation of the genetic, cellular, and molecular basis of complex diseases, laying the methodological foundation for single-cell genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Departments of Biostatistics & Biomedical Engineering, Genetics Institute, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Genetics, Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- These authors contributed equally: Sai Zhang, Hantao Shu, and Jingtian Zhou
| | - Hantao Shu
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- These authors contributed equally: Sai Zhang, Hantao Shu, and Jingtian Zhou
| | - Jingtian Zhou
- Arc Institute, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- These authors contributed equally: Sai Zhang, Hantao Shu, and Jingtian Zhou
| | - Jasper Rubin-Sigler
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yuxi Liu
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Johnathan Cooper-Knock
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Emma Monte
- Department of Genetics, Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Chenchen Zhu
- Department of Genetics, Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sharon Tu
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Han Li
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Information Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingming Tong
- Department of Genetics, Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Joseph R. Ecker
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Justin K. Ichida
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yin Shen
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jianyang Zeng
- School of Engineering, Research Center for Industries of the Future, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Philip S. Tsao
- VA Palo Alto Healthcare System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael P. Snyder
- Department of Genetics, Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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3
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Kapur M, Molumby MJ, Guzman C, Heinz S, Ackerman SL. Cell-type-specific expression of tRNAs in the brain regulates cellular homeostasis. Neuron 2024; 112:1397-1415.e6. [PMID: 38377989 PMCID: PMC11065635 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2024.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Defects in tRNA biogenesis are associated with multiple neurological disorders, yet our understanding of these diseases has been hampered by an inability to determine tRNA expression in individual cell types within a complex tissue. Here, we developed a mouse model in which RNA polymerase III is conditionally epitope tagged in a Cre-dependent manner, allowing us to accurately profile tRNA expression in any cell type in vivo. We investigated tRNA expression in diverse nervous system cell types, revealing dramatic heterogeneity in the expression of tRNA genes between populations. We found that while maintenance of levels of tRNA isoacceptor families is critical for cellular homeostasis, neurons are differentially vulnerable to insults to distinct tRNA isoacceptor families. Cell-type-specific translatome analysis suggests that the balance between tRNA availability and codon demand may underlie such differential resilience. Our work provides a platform for investigating the complexities of mRNA translation and tRNA biology in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mridu Kapur
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; The Howard Hughes Medical Institute
| | - Michael J Molumby
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; The Howard Hughes Medical Institute
| | - Carlos Guzman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Bioinformatics & Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sven Heinz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Bioinformatics & Systems Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Susan L Ackerman
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; The Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Department of Neurobiology, Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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Zhu J, Yang W, Ma J, He H, Liu Z, Zhu X, He X, He J, Chen Z, Jin X, Wang X, He K, Wei W, Hu J. Pericyte signaling via soluble guanylate cyclase shapes the vascular niche and microenvironment of tumors. EMBO J 2024; 43:1519-1544. [PMID: 38528180 PMCID: PMC11021551 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00078-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Pericytes and endothelial cells (ECs) constitute the fundamental components of blood vessels. While the role of ECs in tumor angiogenesis and the tumor microenvironment is well appreciated, pericyte function in tumors remains underexplored. In this study, we used pericyte-specific deletion of the nitric oxide (NO) receptor, soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC), to investigate via single-cell RNA sequencing how pericytes influence the vascular niche and the tumor microenvironment. Our findings demonstrate that pericyte sGC deletion disrupts EC-pericyte interactions, impairing Notch-mediated intercellular communication and triggering extensive transcriptomic reprogramming in both pericytes and ECs. These changes further extended their influence to neighboring cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) through paracrine signaling, collectively suppressing tumor growth. Inhibition of pericyte sGC has minimal impact on quiescent vessels but significantly increases the vulnerability of angiogenic tumor vessels to conventional anti-angiogenic therapy. In conclusion, our findings elucidate the role of pericytes in shaping the tumor vascular niche and tumor microenvironment and support pericyte sGC targeting as a promising strategy for improving anti-angiogenic therapy for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wu Yang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Jianyun Ma
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hao He
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolan Zhu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xueyang He
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing He
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhan Chen
- Pathology Department, Cixi People's Hospital, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoliang Jin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Inflammation Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Kaiwen He
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Aging Studies, Shanghai, China
| | - Wu Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai, China.
| | - Junhao Hu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Aging Studies, Shanghai, China.
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Wu D, Bi X, Chow KHM. Identification of female-enriched and disease-associated microglia (FDAMic) contributes to sexual dimorphism in late-onset Alzheimer's disease. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:1. [PMID: 38178204 PMCID: PMC10765928 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02987-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) is the most common form of dementia; it disproportionally affects women in terms of both incidence rates and severity of progression. The cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying this clinical phenomenon remain elusive and ill-defined. METHODS In-depth analyses were performed with multiple human LOAD single-nucleus transcriptome datasets to thoroughly characterize cell populations in the cerebral cortex. ROSMAP bulk human brain tissue transcriptome and DNA methylome datasets were also included for validation. Detailed assessments of microglial cell subpopulations and their relevance to sex-biased changes at the tissue level were performed. Clinical trait associations, cell evolutionary trajectories, and transcription regulon analyses were conducted. RESULTS The relative numbers of functionally defective microglia were aberrantly increased uniquely among affected females. Substratification of the microglia into different subtypes according to their transcriptomic signatures identified a group of female-enriched and disease-associated microglia (FDAMic), the numbers of which were positively associated with disease severity. Phenotypically, these cells exhibit transcriptomic signatures that support active proliferation, MHC class II autoantigen presentation and amyloid-β binding, but they are also likely defective in phagocytosis. FDAMic are likely evolved from female activated response microglia (ARMic) with an APOE4 background and compromised estrogen receptor (ER) signaling that is deemed to be active among most subtypes of microglia. CONCLUSION This study offered important insights at both the cellular and molecular levels into how ER signaling affects microglial heterogeneity and function. FDAMic are associated with more advanced pathologies and severe trends of cognitive decline. Their emergence could, at least in part, explain the phenomenon of greater penetrance of the APOE4 genotype found in females. The biases of FDAMic emergence toward female sex and APOE4 status may also explain why hormone replacement therapy is more effective in APOE4 carriers. The pathologic nature of FDAMic suggests that selective modulations of these cells may help to regain brain neuroimmune homeostasis, serving as a new target for future drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deng Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Xiaoman Bi
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Information and Engineering, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 571199, China
| | - Kim Hei-Man Chow
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China.
- Gerald Choa Neuroscience Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China.
- Nexus of Rare Neurodegenerative Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China.
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6
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Braune EB, Geist F, Tang X, Kalari K, Boughey J, Wang L, Leon-Ferre RA, D'Assoro AB, Ingle JN, Goetz MP, Kreis J, Wang K, Foukakis T, Seshire A, Wienke D, Lendahl U. Identification of a Notch transcriptomic signature for breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2024; 26:4. [PMID: 38172915 PMCID: PMC10765899 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-023-01757-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysregulated Notch signalling contributes to breast cancer development and progression, but validated tools to measure the level of Notch signalling in breast cancer subtypes and in response to systemic therapy are largely lacking. A transcriptomic signature of Notch signalling would be warranted, for example to monitor the effects of future Notch-targeting therapies and to learn whether altered Notch signalling is an off-target effect of current breast cancer therapies. In this report, we have established such a classifier. METHODS To generate the signature, we first identified Notch-regulated genes from six basal-like breast cancer cell lines subjected to elevated or reduced Notch signalling by culturing on immobilized Notch ligand Jagged1 or blockade of Notch by γ-secretase inhibitors, respectively. From this cadre of Notch-regulated genes, we developed candidate transcriptomic signatures that were trained on a breast cancer patient dataset (the TCGA-BRCA cohort) and a broader breast cancer cell line cohort and sought to validate in independent datasets. RESULTS An optimal 20-gene transcriptomic signature was selected. We validated the signature on two independent patient datasets (METABRIC and Oslo2), and it showed an improved coherence score and tumour specificity compared with previously published signatures. Furthermore, the signature score was particularly high for basal-like breast cancer, indicating an enhanced level of Notch signalling in this subtype. The signature score was increased after neoadjuvant treatment in the PROMIX and BEAUTY patient cohorts, and a lower signature score generally correlated with better clinical outcome. CONCLUSIONS The 20-gene transcriptional signature will be a valuable tool to evaluate the response of future Notch-targeting therapies for breast cancer, to learn about potential effects on Notch signalling from conventional breast cancer therapies and to better stratify patients for therapy considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eike-Benjamin Braune
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Xiaojia Tang
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Krishna Kalari
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Judy Boughey
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Liewei Wang
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | - James N Ingle
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Matthew P Goetz
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Kang Wang
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Theodoros Foukakis
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Urban Lendahl
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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7
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van Splunder H, Villacampa P, Martínez-Romero A, Graupera M. Pericytes in the disease spotlight. Trends Cell Biol 2024; 34:58-71. [PMID: 37474376 PMCID: PMC10777571 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2023.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Pericytes are known as the mural cells in small-caliber vessels that interact closely with the endothelium. Pericytes play a key role in vasculature formation and homeostasis, and when dysfunctional contribute to vasculature-related diseases such as diabetic retinopathy and neurodegenerative conditions. In addition, significant extravascular roles of pathological pericytes are being discovered with relevant implications for cancer and fibrosis. Pericyte research is challenged by the lack of consistent molecular markers and clear discrimination criteria versus other (mural) cells. However, advances in single-cell approaches are uncovering and clarifying mural cell identities, biological functions, and ontogeny across organs. We discuss the latest developments in pericyte pathobiology to inform future research directions and potential outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hielke van Splunder
- Endothelial Pathobiology and Microenviroment Group, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Pilar Villacampa
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona and Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Carrer de la Feixa Llarga s/n, 08907 l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anabel Martínez-Romero
- Endothelial Pathobiology and Microenviroment Group, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Mariona Graupera
- Endothelial Pathobiology and Microenviroment Group, Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute (IJC), 08916 Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Institución Catalana de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados (ICREA), Passeig de Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Avenida de Monforte de Lemos 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
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8
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Guo Y, Xie B, Jiang M, Yuan L, Jiang X, Li S, Cai R, Chen J, Jiang X, He Y, Tao G. Facile and eco-friendly fabrication of biocompatible hydrogel containing CuS@Ser NPs with mechanical flexibility and photothermal antibacterial activity to promote infected wound healing. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:266. [PMID: 37563585 PMCID: PMC10416498 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02035-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial infections can significantly impede wound healing and pose a serious threat to the patient's life. The excessive use of antibiotics to combat bacterial infections has led to the emergence of multi-drug-resistant bacteria. Therefore, there is a pressing need for alternative approaches, such as photothermal therapy (PTT), to address this issue. In this study, for the first time, CuS NPs with photothermal properties were synthesized using sericin as a biological template, named CuS@Ser NPs. This method is simple, green, and does not produce toxic and harmful by-products. These nanoparticles were incorporated into a mixture (XK) of xanthan gum and konjac glucomannan (KGM) to obtain XK/CuS NPs composite hydrogel, which could overcome the limitations of current wound dressings. The composite hydrogel exhibited excellent mechanical flexibility, photothermal response, and biocompatibility. It also demonstrated potent antibacterial properties against both Gram-positive and negative bacteria via antibacterial experiments and accelerated wound healing in animal models. Additionally, it is proved that the hydrogel promoted tissue regeneration by stimulating collagen deposition, angiogenesis, and reducing inflammation. In summary, the XK/CuS NPs composite hydrogel presents a promising alternative for the clinical management of infected wounds, offering a new approach to promote infected wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Guo
- Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration of Luzhou Key Laboratory, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Bingqing Xie
- Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration of Luzhou Key Laboratory, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Min Jiang
- Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration of Luzhou Key Laboratory, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Lingling Yuan
- Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration of Luzhou Key Laboratory, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Xueyu Jiang
- Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration of Luzhou Key Laboratory, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Silei Li
- Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration of Luzhou Key Laboratory, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Rui Cai
- Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration of Luzhou Key Laboratory, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
- Institute of Stomatology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Junliang Chen
- Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration of Luzhou Key Laboratory, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
- Institute of Stomatology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Xia Jiang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Yun He
- Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration of Luzhou Key Laboratory, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
- Institute of Stomatology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
| | - Gang Tao
- Oral and Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration of Luzhou Key Laboratory, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
- Institute of Stomatology, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
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9
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Nakisli S, Lagares A, Nielsen CM, Cuervo H. Pericytes and vascular smooth muscle cells in central nervous system arteriovenous malformations. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1210563. [PMID: 37601628 PMCID: PMC10437819 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1210563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously considered passive support cells, mural cells-pericytes and vascular smooth muscle cells-have started to garner more attention in disease research, as more subclassifications, based on morphology, gene expression, and function, have been discovered. Central nervous system (CNS) arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) represent a neurovascular disorder in which mural cells have been shown to be affected, both in animal models and in human patients. To study consequences to mural cells in the context of AVMs, various animal models have been developed to mimic and predict human AVM pathologies. A key takeaway from recently published work is that AVMs and mural cells are heterogeneous in their molecular, cellular, and functional characteristics. In this review, we summarize the observed perturbations to mural cells in human CNS AVM samples and CNS AVM animal models, and we discuss various potential mechanisms relating mural cell pathologies to AVMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sera Nakisli
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Neuroscience Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Alfonso Lagares
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Surgery, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Imas12, Madrid, Spain
| | - Corinne M. Nielsen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Neuroscience Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Henar Cuervo
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (F.S.P), Madrid, Spain
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10
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Wen T, Duan Y, Gao D, Zhang X, Zhang X, Liang L, Yang Z, Zhang P, Zhang J, Sun J, Feng Y, Zheng Q, Han H, Yan X. miR-342-5p promotes vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic transition through a negative-feedback regulation of Notch signaling via targeting FOXO3. Life Sci 2023:121828. [PMID: 37270171 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM Under various pathological conditions such as cancer, vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs) transit their contractile phenotype into phenotype(s) characterized by proliferation and secretion, a process called vSMC phenotypic transition (vSMC-PT). Notch signaling regulates vSMC development and vSMC-PT. This study aims to elucidate how the Notch signal is regulated. MAIN METHODS Gene-modified mice with a SM22α-CreERT2 transgene were generated to activate/block Notch signaling in vSMCs. Primary vSMCs and MOVAS cells were cultured in vitro. RNA-seq, qRT-PCR and Western blotting were used to evaluated gene expression level. EdU incorporation, Transwell and collagen gel contraction assays were conducted to determine the proliferation, migration and contraction, respectively. KEY FINDINGS Notch activation upregulated, while Notch blockade downregulated, miR-342-5p and its host gene Evl in vSMCs. However, miR-342-5p overexpression promoted vSMC-PT as shown by altered gene expression profile, increased migration and proliferation, and decreased contraction, while miR-342-5p blockade exhibited the opposite effects. Moreover, miR-342-5p overexpression significantly suppressed Notch signaling, and Notch activation partially abolished miR-342-5p-induced vSMC-PT. Mechanically, miR-342-5p directly targeted FOXO3, and FOXO3 overexpression rescued miR-342-5p-induced Notch repression and vSMC-PT. In a simulated tumor microenvironment, miR-342-5p was upregulated by tumor cell-derived conditional medium (TCM), and miR-342-5p blockade abrogated TCM-induced vSMC-PT. Meanwhile, conditional medium from miR-342-5p-overexpressing vSMCs significantly enhanced tumor cell proliferation, while miR-342-5p blockade had the opposite effects. Consistently, in a co-inoculation tumor model, miR-342-5p blockade in vSMCs significantly delayed tumor growth. SIGNIFICANCE miR-342-5p promotes vSMC-PT through a negative-feedback regulation of Notch signaling via downregulating FOXO3, which could be a potential target for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wen
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China; State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yanyan Duan
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China; State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Dan Gao
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China; State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- College of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The 8th Medical Centre of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Liang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Ziyan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Peiran Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jiayulin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jiaxing Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yixuan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Qijun Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518020, China.
| | - Hua Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, China.
| | - Xianchun Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.
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11
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Adhicary S, Fanelli K, Nakisli S, Ward B, Pearce I, Nielsen CM. Rbpj Deficiency Disrupts Vascular Remodeling via Abnormal Apelin and Cdc42 (Cell Division Cycle 42) Activity in Brain Arteriovenous Malformation. Stroke 2023; 54:1593-1605. [PMID: 37051908 PMCID: PMC10213117 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.122.041853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVM) are characterized by enlarged blood vessels, which direct blood through arteriovenous shunts, bypassing the artery-capillary-vein network and disrupting blood flow. Clinically, bAVM treatments are invasive and not routinely applicable. There is critical need to understand mechanisms of bAVM pathologies and develop pharmacological therapies. METHODS We used an in vivo mouse model of Rbpj-mediated bAVM, which develops pathologies in the early postnatal period and an siRNA in vitro system to knockdown RBPJ in human brain microvascular endothelial cells (ECs). To understand molecular events regulated by endothelial Rbpj, we conducted RNA-Seq and chromatin immunoprecipitation-Seq analyses from isolated brain ECs. RESULTS Rbpj-deficient (mutant) brain ECs acquired abnormally rounded shape (with no change to cell area), altered basement membrane dynamics, and increased endothelial cell density along arteriovenous shunts, compared to controls, suggesting impaired remodeling of neonatal brain vasculature. Consistent with impaired endothelial cell dynamics, we found increased Cdc42 (cell division cycle 42) activity in isolated mutant ECs, suggesting that Rbpj regulates small GTPase (guanosine triphosphate hydrolase)-mediated cellular functions in brain ECs. siRNA-treated, RBPJ-deficient human brain ECs displayed increased Cdc42 activity, disrupted cell polarity and focal adhesion properties, and impaired migration in vitro. RNA-Seq analysis from isolated brain ECs identified differentially expressed genes in mutants, including Apelin, which encodes a ligand for G protein-coupled receptor signaling known to influence small GTPase activity. Chromatin immunoprecipitation-Seq analysis revealed chromatin loci occupied by Rbpj in brain ECs that corresponded to G-protein and Apelin signaling molecules. In vivo administration of a competitive peptide antagonist against the Apelin receptor (Aplnr/Apj) attenuated Cdc42 activity and restored endothelial cell morphology and arteriovenous connection diameter in Rbpj-mutant brain vessels. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that endothelial Rbpj promotes rearrangement of brain ECs during cerebrovascular remodeling, through Apelin/Apj-mediated small GTPase activity, and prevents bAVM. By inhibiting Apelin/Apj signaling in vivo, we demonstrated pharmacological prevention of Rbpj-mediated bAVM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhodip Adhicary
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Translational Biomedical Sciences Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH
| | - Kayleigh Fanelli
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Neuroscience Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH
| | - Sera Nakisli
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Neuroscience Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH
| | - Brittney Ward
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Neuroscience Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH
- Honors Tutorial College, Ohio University, Athens, OH
| | - Isaac Pearce
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, OH
| | - Corinne M. Nielsen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Neuroscience Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH
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12
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Goodwin AT, John AE, Joseph C, Habgood A, Tatler AL, Susztak K, Palmer M, Offermanns S, Henderson NC, Jenkins RG. Stretch regulates alveologenesis and homeostasis via mesenchymal Gαq/11-mediated TGFβ2 activation. Development 2023; 150:dev201046. [PMID: 37102682 PMCID: PMC10259661 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Alveolar development and repair require tight spatiotemporal regulation of numerous signalling pathways that are influenced by chemical and mechanical stimuli. Mesenchymal cells play key roles in numerous developmental processes. Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) is essential for alveologenesis and lung repair, and the G protein α subunits Gαq and Gα11 (Gαq/11) transmit mechanical and chemical signals to activate TGFβ in epithelial cells. To understand the role of mesenchymal Gαq/11 in lung development, we generated constitutive (Pdgfrb-Cre+/-;Gnaqfl/fl;Gna11-/-) and inducible (Pdgfrb-Cre/ERT2+/-;Gnaqfl/fl;Gna11-/-) mesenchymal Gαq/11 deleted mice. Mice with constitutive Gαq/11 gene deletion exhibited abnormal alveolar development, with suppressed myofibroblast differentiation, altered mesenchymal cell synthetic function, and reduced lung TGFβ2 deposition, as well as kidney abnormalities. Tamoxifen-induced mesenchymal Gαq/11 gene deletion in adult mice resulted in emphysema associated with reduced TGFβ2 and elastin deposition. Cyclical mechanical stretch-induced TGFβ activation required Gαq/11 signalling and serine protease activity, but was independent of integrins, suggesting an isoform-specific role for TGFβ2 in this model. These data highlight a previously undescribed mechanism of cyclical stretch-induced Gαq/11-dependent TGFβ2 signalling in mesenchymal cells, which is imperative for normal alveologenesis and maintenance of lung homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda T. Goodwin
- Centre for Respiratory Research, Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
- Respiratory Medicine, Nottingham NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
- Respiratory Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Alison E. John
- Margaret Turner Warwick Centre for Fibrosing Lung Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW3 6LY, UK
| | - Chitra Joseph
- Centre for Respiratory Research, Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
- Respiratory Medicine, Nottingham NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
- Respiratory Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Anthony Habgood
- Centre for Respiratory Research, Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
- Respiratory Medicine, Nottingham NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
- Respiratory Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Amanda L. Tatler
- Centre for Respiratory Research, Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
- Respiratory Medicine, Nottingham NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
- Respiratory Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Katalin Susztak
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Matthew Palmer
- Department of Pathology, Division of Nephrology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4238, USA
| | - Stefan Offermanns
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Neil C. Henderson
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - R. Gisli Jenkins
- Margaret Turner Warwick Centre for Fibrosing Lung Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW3 6LY, UK
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13
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P7C3-A20 Attenuates Microglial Inflammation and Brain Injury after ICH through Activating the NAD +/Sirt3 Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2023; 2023:7857760. [PMID: 36819779 PMCID: PMC9936507 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7857760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is lethal but lacks effective therapies. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a central metabolite indispensable for a broader range of fundamental intracellular biological functions. Reduction of NAD+ usually occurs after acute brain insults, and supplementation of NAD+ has been proven neuroprotective. P7C3-A20 is a novel compound featuring its ability to facilitate the flux of NAD+. In this study, we sought to determine the potential therapeutic value of P7C3-A20 in ICH. In collagenase-induced ICH mouse models, we found that P7C3-A20 treatment could diminish lesion volume, reduce blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage, mitigate brain edema, attenuate neural apoptosis, and improve neurological outcomes after ICH. Further, RNA sequencing and subsequent experiments revealed that ICH-induced neuroinflammation and microglial proinflammatory activities were significantly suppressed following P7C3-A20 treatment. Mitochondrial damage is an important trigger of inflammatory response. We examined mitochondrial morphology and function and found that P7C3-A20 could attenuate OxyHb-induced impairment of mitochondrial dynamics and functions in vitro. Mechanistically, Sirt3, an NAD+-dependent deacetylase located in mitochondria, was then found to play a vital role in the protection of P7C3-A20 against mitochondrial damage and inflammatory response. In rescue experiments, P7C3-A20 failed to exert those protective effects in microglia-specific Sirt3 conditional knockout (CKO) mice. Finally, preclinical research revealed a correlation between the plasma NAD+ level and the neurological outcome in ICH patients. These results demonstrate that P7C3-A20 is a promising therapeutic agent for neuroinflammatory injury after ICH and exerts protective actions, at least partly, in a Sirt3-dependent manner.
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14
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Toledo B, Picon-Ruiz M, Marchal JA, Perán M. Dual Role of Fibroblasts Educated by Tumour in Cancer Behavior and Therapeutic Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:15576. [PMID: 36555218 PMCID: PMC9778751 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumours are complex systems with dynamic interactions between tumour cells, non-tumour cells, and extracellular components that comprise the tumour microenvironment (TME). The majority of TME's cells are cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), which are crucial in extracellular matrix (ECM) construction, tumour metabolism, immunology, adaptive chemoresistance, and tumour cell motility. CAF subtypes have been identified based on the expression of protein markers. CAFs may act as promoters or suppressors in tumour cells depending on a variety of factors, including cancer stage. Indeed, CAFs have been shown to promote tumour growth, survival and spread, and secretome changes, but they can also slow tumourigenesis at an early stage through mechanisms that are still poorly understood. Stromal-cancer interactions are governed by a variety of soluble factors that determine the outcome of the tumourigenic process. Cancer cells release factors that enhance the ability of fibroblasts to secrete multiple tumour-promoting chemokines, acting on malignant cells to promote proliferation, migration, and invasion. This crosstalk between CAFs and tumour cells has given new prominence to the stromal cells, from being considered as mere physical support to becoming key players in the tumour process. Here, we focus on the concept of cancer as a non-healing wound and the relevance of chronic inflammation to tumour initiation. In addition, we review CAFs heterogeneous origins and markers together with the potential therapeutic implications of CAFs "re-education" and/or targeting tumour progression inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Toledo
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, E-23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Manuel Picon-Ruiz
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, E-18100 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria ibs. GRANADA, Hospitales Universitarios de Granada-Universidad de Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, E-18016 Granada, Spain
- Excellence Research Unit “Modeling Nature” (MNat), University of Granada, E-18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Marchal
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, E-18100 Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria ibs. GRANADA, Hospitales Universitarios de Granada-Universidad de Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, E-18016 Granada, Spain
- Excellence Research Unit “Modeling Nature” (MNat), University of Granada, E-18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Macarena Perán
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, E-23071 Jaén, Spain
- Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine Institute (IBIMER), Centre for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, E-18100 Granada, Spain
- Excellence Research Unit “Modeling Nature” (MNat), University of Granada, E-18016 Granada, Spain
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15
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CNS Pericytes Modulate Local T Cell Infiltration in EAE. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113081. [PMID: 36361868 PMCID: PMC9658756 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pericytes at the blood–brain barrier (BBB) are located between the tight endothelial cell layer of the blood vessels and astrocytic endfeet. They contribute to central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis by regulating BBB development and maintenance. Loss of pericytes results in increased numbers of infiltrating immune cells in the CNS in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the mouse model for multiple sclerosis (MS). However, little is known about their competence to modulate immune cell activation or function in CNS autoimmunity. To evaluate the capacity of pericytes to directly interact with T cells in an antigen-specific fashion and potentially (re)shape their function, we depleted major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II from pericytes in a cell type-specific fashion and performed T cell-pericyte cocultures and EAE experiments. We found that pericytes present antigen in vitro to induce T cell activation and proliferation. In an adoptive transfer EAE experiment, pericyte-specific MHC II KO resulted in locally enhanced T cell infiltration in the CNS; even though, overall disease course of mice was not affected. Thus, pericytes may serve as non-professional antigen-presenting cells affecting states of T cell activation, thereby locally shaping lesion formation in CNS inflammation but without modulating disease severity.
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16
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Ghori A, Prinz V, Nieminen-Kehlä M, Bayerl SH, Kremenetskaia I, Riecke J, Krechel H, Broggini T, Scherschinski L, Licht T, Keshet E, Vajkoczy P. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Augments the Tolerance Towards Cerebral Stroke by Enhancing Neurovascular Repair Mechanism. Transl Stroke Res 2022; 13:774-791. [PMID: 35175562 PMCID: PMC9391249 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-022-00991-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The breakdown of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a critical event in the development of secondary brain injury after stroke. Among the cellular hallmarks in the acute phase after stroke are a downregulation of tight-junction molecules and the loss of microvascular pericyte coverage and endothelial sealing. Thus, a rapid repair of blood vessel integrity and re-stabilization of the BBB is considered an important strategy to reduce secondary brain damage. However, the mechanisms underlying BBB disruption remain poorly understood. Especially, the role of VEGF in this context remains inconclusive. With the conditional and reversible VEGF expression systems, we studied the time windows of deleterious and beneficial VEGF actions on blood vessel integrity in mice. Using genetic systems for gain of function and loss of function experiments, we activated and inhibited VEGF signaling prior and simultaneously to ischemic stroke onset. In both scenarios, VEGF seems to play a vital role in containing the stroke-induced damage after cerebral ischemia. We report that the transgenic overexpression of VEGF (GOF) prior to the stroke stabilizes the vasculature and prevents blood-brain barrier disruption in young and aged animals after stroke. Whereas inhibition of signals for endogenous VEGF (LOF) prior to stroke results in bigger infarction with massive brain swelling and enhanced BBB permeability, furthermore, activating or blocking VEGF signaling after ischemic stroke onset had comparable effects on BBB repair and cerebral edema. VEGF can function as an anti-permeability factor, and a VEGF-based therapy in the context of stroke prevention and recovery has an enormous potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Ghori
- Department of Neurosurgery, Universitätsmedizin Charité, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Vincent Prinz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Universitätsmedizin Charité, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Simon. H. Bayerl
- Department of Neurosurgery, Universitätsmedizin Charité, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Irina Kremenetskaia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Universitätsmedizin Charité, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jana Riecke
- Department of Neurosurgery, Universitätsmedizin Charité, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hanna Krechel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Universitätsmedizin Charité, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Broggini
- Department of Neurosurgery, Universitätsmedizin Charité, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lea Scherschinski
- Department of Neurosurgery, Universitätsmedizin Charité, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tamar Licht
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, 91120 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eli Keshet
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, 91120 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Peter Vajkoczy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Universitätsmedizin Charité, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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17
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Selhorst S, Nakisli S, Kandalai S, Adhicary S, Nielsen CM. Pathological pericyte expansion and impaired endothelial cell-pericyte communication in endothelial Rbpj deficient brain arteriovenous malformation. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:974033. [PMID: 36147294 PMCID: PMC9485665 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.974033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Pericytes, like vascular smooth muscle cells, are perivascular cells closely associated with blood vessels throughout the body. Pericytes are necessary for vascular development and homeostasis, with particularly critical roles in the brain, where they are involved in regulating cerebral blood flow and establishing the blood-brain barrier. A role for pericytes during neurovascular disease pathogenesis is less clear—while some studies associate decreased pericyte coverage with select neurovascular diseases, others suggest increased pericyte infiltration in response to hypoxia or traumatic brain injury. Here, we used an endothelial loss-of-function Recombination signal binding protein for immunoglobulin kappa J region (Rbpj)/Notch mediated mouse model of brain arteriovenous malformation (AVM) to investigate effects on pericytes during neurovascular disease pathogenesis. We tested the hypothesis that pericyte expansion, via morphological changes, and Platelet-derived growth factor B/Platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (Pdgf-B/Pdgfrβ)-dependent endothelial cell-pericyte communication are affected, during the pathogenesis of Rbpj mediated brain AVM in mice. Our data show that pericyte coverage of vascular endothelium expanded pathologically, to maintain coverage of vascular abnormalities in brain and retina, following endothelial deletion of Rbpj. In Rbpj-mutant brain, pericyte expansion was likely attributed to cytoplasmic process extension and not to increased pericyte proliferation. Despite expanding overall area of vessel coverage, pericytes from Rbpj-mutant brains showed decreased expression of Pdgfrβ, Neural (N)-cadherin, and cluster of differentiation (CD)146, as compared to controls, which likely affected Pdgf-B/Pdgfrβ-dependent communication and appositional associations between endothelial cells and pericytes in Rbpj-mutant brain microvessels. By contrast, and perhaps by compensatory mechanism, endothelial cells showed increased expression of N-cadherin. Our data identify cellular and molecular effects on brain pericytes, following endothelial deletion of Rbpj, and suggest pericytes as potential therapeutic targets for Rbpj/Notch related brain AVM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Selhorst
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Honors Tutorial College, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Sera Nakisli
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Neuroscience Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Shruthi Kandalai
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Honors Tutorial College, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Subhodip Adhicary
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Translational Biomedical Sciences Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
| | - Corinne M. Nielsen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Neuroscience Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, Ohio University, Athens, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Corinne M. Nielsen,
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18
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Friedrich T, Ferrante F, Pioger L, Nist A, Stiewe T, Andrau JC, Bartkuhn M, Giaimo BD, Borggrefe T. Notch-dependent and -independent functions of transcription factor RBPJ. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:7925-7937. [PMID: 35848919 PMCID: PMC9371899 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transduction pathways often involve transcription factors that promote activation of defined target gene sets. The transcription factor RBPJ is the central player in Notch signaling and either forms an activator complex with the Notch intracellular domain (NICD) or a repressor complex with corepressors like KYOT2/FHL1. The balance between these two antagonizing RBPJ-complexes depends on the activation state of the Notch receptor regulated by cell-to-cell interaction, ligand binding and proteolytic cleavage events. Here, we depleted RBPJ in mature T-cells lacking active Notch signaling and performed RNA-Seq, ChIP-Seq and ATAC-seq analyses. RBPJ depletion leads to upregulation of many Notch target genes. Ectopic expression of NICD1 activates several Notch target genes and enhances RBPJ occupancy. Based on gene expression changes and RBPJ occupancy we define four different clusters, either RBPJ- and/or Notch-regulated genes. Importantly, we identify early (Hes1 and Hey1) and late Notch-responsive genes (IL2ra). Similarly, to RBPJ depletion, interfering with transcriptional repression by squelching with cofactor KYOT2/FHL1, leads to upregulation of Notch target genes. Taken together, RBPJ is not only an essential part of the Notch co-activator complex but also functions as a repressor in a Notch-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Friedrich
- Institute of Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392 Giessen, Germany.,Biomedical Informatics and Systems Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Aulweg 128, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Francesca Ferrante
- Institute of Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Léo Pioger
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS-UMR 5535, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 cedex 5, Montpellier, France
| | - Andrea Nist
- Genomics Core Facility, Institute of Molecular Oncology, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps-University, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 3, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Stiewe
- Genomics Core Facility, Institute of Molecular Oncology, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Philipps-University, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 3, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Jean-Christophe Andrau
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, University of Montpellier, CNRS-UMR 5535, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 cedex 5, Montpellier, France
| | - Marek Bartkuhn
- Biomedical Informatics and Systems Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Aulweg 128, 35392 Giessen, Germany.,Institute for Lung Health, Aulweg 132, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Benedetto Daniele Giaimo
- Institute of Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Tilman Borggrefe
- Institute of Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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19
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Orlich MM, Diéguez-Hurtado R, Muehlfriedel R, Sothilingam V, Wolburg H, Oender CE, Woelffing P, Betsholtz C, Gaengel K, Seeliger M, Adams RH, Nordheim A. Mural Cell SRF Controls Pericyte Migration, Vessel Patterning and Blood Flow. Circ Res 2022; 131:308-327. [PMID: 35862101 PMCID: PMC9348820 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.321109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pericytes and vascular smooth muscle cells, collectively known as mural cells, are recruited through PDGFB (platelet-derived growth factor B)-PDGFRB (platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta) signaling. MCs are essential for vascular integrity, and their loss has been associated with numerous diseases. Most of this knowledge is based on studies in which MCs are insufficiently recruited or fully absent upon inducible ablation. In contrast, little is known about the physiological consequences that result from impairment of specific MC functions. Here, we characterize the role of the transcription factor SRF (serum response factor) in MCs and study its function in developmental and pathological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael M. Orlich
- Department of Molecular Biology, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tuebingen, Germany (M.M.O., C.E.O., P.W., A.N.)
- International Max Planck Research School (IMPRS) “From Molecules to Organisms,” Tuebingen, Germany (M.M.O., A.N.)
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden (M.M.O., C.B., K.G.)
- Now with Rudbeck Laboratory C11, Dag Hammarskjölds Väg 20, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden (M.M.O.)
| | - Rodrigo Diéguez-Hurtado
- Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Muenster, Germany (R.D.-H., R.H.A.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany (R.D.-H., R.H.A.)
| | - Regine Muehlfriedel
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University Clinic Tuebingen (UKT), Germany. (R.M., V.S., M.S.)
| | - Vithiyanjali Sothilingam
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University Clinic Tuebingen (UKT), Germany. (R.M., V.S., M.S.)
| | - Hartwig Wolburg
- Department of General Pathology and Pathological Anatomy, Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Clinic Tuebingen (UKT), Germany. (H.W.)
| | - Cansu Ebru Oender
- Department of Molecular Biology, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tuebingen, Germany (M.M.O., C.E.O., P.W., A.N.)
| | - Pascal Woelffing
- Department of Molecular Biology, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tuebingen, Germany (M.M.O., C.E.O., P.W., A.N.)
| | - Christer Betsholtz
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden (M.M.O., C.B., K.G.)
| | - Konstantin Gaengel
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden (M.M.O., C.B., K.G.)
| | - Mathias Seeliger
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Centre for Ophthalmology, University Clinic Tuebingen (UKT), Germany. (R.M., V.S., M.S.)
| | - Ralf H. Adams
- Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Muenster, Germany (R.D.-H., R.H.A.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany (R.D.-H., R.H.A.)
| | - Alfred Nordheim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Interfaculty Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tuebingen, Germany (M.M.O., C.E.O., P.W., A.N.)
- International Max Planck Research School (IMPRS) “From Molecules to Organisms,” Tuebingen, Germany (M.M.O., A.N.)
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20
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Ferrante F, Giaimo BD, Friedrich T, Sugino T, Mertens D, Kugler S, Gahr BM, Just S, Pan L, Bartkuhn M, Potente M, Oswald F, Borggrefe T. Hydroxylation of the NOTCH1 intracellular domain regulates Notch signaling dynamics. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:600. [PMID: 35821235 PMCID: PMC9276811 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05052-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Notch signaling plays a pivotal role in the development and, when dysregulated, it contributes to tumorigenesis. The amplitude and duration of the Notch response depend on the posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of the activated NOTCH receptor - the NOTCH intracellular domain (NICD). In normoxic conditions, the hydroxylase FIH (factor inhibiting HIF) catalyzes the hydroxylation of two asparagine residues of the NICD. Here, we investigate how Notch-dependent gene transcription is regulated by hypoxia in progenitor T cells. We show that the majority of Notch target genes are downregulated upon hypoxia. Using a hydroxyl-specific NOTCH1 antibody we demonstrate that FIH-mediated NICD1 hydroxylation is reduced upon hypoxia or treatment with the hydroxylase inhibitor dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG). We find that a hydroxylation-resistant NICD1 mutant is functionally impaired and more ubiquitinated. Interestingly, we also observe that the NICD1-deubiquitinating enzyme USP10 is downregulated upon hypoxia. Moreover, the interaction between the hydroxylation-defective NICD1 mutant and USP10 is significantly reduced compared to the NICD1 wild-type counterpart. Together, our data suggest that FIH hydroxylates NICD1 in normoxic conditions, leading to the recruitment of USP10 and subsequent NICD1 deubiquitination and stabilization. In hypoxia, this regulatory loop is disrupted, causing a dampened Notch response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Ferrante
- grid.8664.c0000 0001 2165 8627Institute of Biochemistry, University of Giessen, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Benedetto Daniele Giaimo
- grid.8664.c0000 0001 2165 8627Institute of Biochemistry, University of Giessen, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Tobias Friedrich
- grid.8664.c0000 0001 2165 8627Institute of Biochemistry, University of Giessen, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392 Giessen, Germany ,Biomedical Informatics and Systems Medicine, Science Unit for Basic and Clinical Medicine, Aulweg 128, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Toshiya Sugino
- grid.418032.c0000 0004 0491 220XMax Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Angiogenesis and Metabolism Laboratory, Ludwigstr. 43, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Daniel Mertens
- grid.410712.10000 0004 0473 882XUniversity Medical Center Ulm, Center for Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine III, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany ,grid.7497.d0000 0004 0492 0584German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Bridging Group Mechanisms of Leukemogenesis, B061, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabrina Kugler
- grid.410712.10000 0004 0473 882XUniversity Medical Center Ulm, Center for Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine III, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Bernd Martin Gahr
- grid.410712.10000 0004 0473 882XUniversity Medical Center Ulm, Center for Internal Medicine, Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Steffen Just
- grid.410712.10000 0004 0473 882XUniversity Medical Center Ulm, Center for Internal Medicine, Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Leiling Pan
- grid.410712.10000 0004 0473 882XUniversity Medical Center Ulm, Center for Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine I, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Marek Bartkuhn
- Biomedical Informatics and Systems Medicine, Science Unit for Basic and Clinical Medicine, Aulweg 128, 35392 Giessen, Germany ,Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Aulweg 132, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Michael Potente
- grid.418032.c0000 0004 0491 220XMax Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Angiogenesis and Metabolism Laboratory, Ludwigstr. 43, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany ,grid.484013.a0000 0004 6879 971XBerlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany ,grid.419491.00000 0001 1014 0849Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Franz Oswald
- grid.410712.10000 0004 0473 882XUniversity Medical Center Ulm, Center for Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine I, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Tilman Borggrefe
- grid.8664.c0000 0001 2165 8627Institute of Biochemistry, University of Giessen, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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21
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Matsuoka RL, Buck LD, Vajrala KP, Quick RE, Card OA. Historical and current perspectives on blood endothelial cell heterogeneity in the brain. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:372. [PMID: 35726097 PMCID: PMC9209386 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04403-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic brain activity requires timely communications between the brain parenchyma and circulating blood. Brain-blood communication is facilitated by intricate networks of brain vasculature, which display striking heterogeneity in structure and function. This vascular cell heterogeneity in the brain is fundamental to mediating diverse brain functions and has long been recognized. However, the molecular basis of this biological phenomenon has only recently begun to be elucidated. Over the past century, various animal species and in vitro systems have contributed to the accumulation of our fundamental and phylogenetic knowledge about brain vasculature, collectively advancing this research field. Historically, dye tracer and microscopic observations have provided valuable insights into the anatomical and functional properties of vasculature across the brain, and these techniques remain an important approach. Additionally, recent advances in molecular genetics and omics technologies have revealed significant molecular heterogeneity within brain endothelial and perivascular cell types. The combination of these conventional and modern approaches has enabled us to identify phenotypic differences between healthy and abnormal conditions at the single-cell level. Accordingly, our understanding of brain vascular cell states during physiological, pathological, and aging processes has rapidly expanded. In this review, we summarize major historical advances and current knowledge on blood endothelial cell heterogeneity in the brain, and discuss important unsolved questions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota L Matsuoka
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA. .,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
| | - Luke D Buck
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Keerti P Vajrala
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.,Kansas City University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Kansas City, MO 64106, USA
| | - Rachael E Quick
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Olivia A Card
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
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22
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Acquired αSMA Expression in Pericytes Coincides with Aberrant Vascular Structure and Function in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14102448. [PMID: 35626052 PMCID: PMC9139959 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The subpopulations of tumor pericytes undergo pathological phenotype switching, affecting their normal function in upholding structural stability and cross-communication with other cells. In the case of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), a significant portion of blood vessels are covered by an α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA)-expressing pericyte, which is normally absent from capillary pericytes. The DesminlowαSMAhigh phenotype was significantly correlated with intratumoral hypoxia and vascular leakiness. Using an in vitro co-culture system, we demonstrated that cancer cell-derived exosomes could induce ectopic αSMA expression in pericytes. Exosome-treated αSMA+ pericytes presented altered pericyte markers and an acquired immune-modulatory feature. αSMA+ pericytes were also linked to morphological and biomechanical changes in the pericyte. The PDAC exosome was sufficient to induce αSMA expression by normal pericytes of the healthy pancreas in vivo, and the vessels with αSMA+ pericytes were leaky. This study demonstrated that tumor pericyte heterogeneity could be dictated by cancer cells, and a subpopulation of these pericytes confers a pathological feature.
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23
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O'Hare M, Arboleda-Velasquez JF. Notch Signaling in Vascular Endothelial and Mural Cell Communications. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2022; 12:a041159. [PMID: 35534207 PMCID: PMC9435572 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a041159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway is a highly versatile and evolutionarily conserved mechanism with an important role in cell fate determination. Notch signaling plays a vital role in vascular development, regulating several fundamental processes such as angiogenesis, arterial/venous differentiation, and mural cell investment. Aberrant Notch signaling can result in severe vascular phenotypes as observed in cerebral autosomal-dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) and Alagille syndrome. It is known that vascular endothelial cells and mural cells interact to regulate vessel formation, cell maturation, and stability of the vascular network. Defective endothelial-mural cell interactions are a common phenotype in diseases characterized by impaired vascular integrity. Further refinement of the role of Notch signaling in the vascular junctions will be critical to attempts to modulate Notch in the context of human vascular disease. In this review, we aim to consolidate and summarize our current understanding of Notch signaling in the vascular endothelial and mural cells during development and in the adult vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael O'Hare
- Department of Ophthalmology at Harvard Medical School, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
| | - Joseph F Arboleda-Velasquez
- Department of Ophthalmology at Harvard Medical School, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
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24
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Younis A, Hardowar L, Barker S, Hulse RP. The consequence of endothelial remodelling on the blood spinal cord barrier and nociception. Curr Res Physiol 2022; 5:184-192. [PMID: 35434652 PMCID: PMC9010889 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphys.2022.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Nociception is a fundamental acute protective mechanism that prevents harm to an organism. Understanding the integral processes that control nociceptive processing are fundamental to our appreciation of which cellular and molecular features underlie this process. There is an extensive understanding of how sensory neurons interpret differing sensory modalities and intensities. However, it is widely appreciated that the sensory neurons do not act alone. These work in harmony with inflammatory and vascular systems to modulate pain perception. The spinal cord has an extensive interaction with the capillary network in the form of a blood spinal cord barrier to ensure homeostatic control of the spinal cord neuron milieu. However, there is an extensive appreciation that disturbances in the blood spinal cord barrier contribute to the onset of chronic pain. Enhanced vascular permeability and impaired blood perfusion have both been highlighted as contributors to chronic pain manifestation. Here, we discuss the evidence that demonstrates alterations in the blood spinal cord barrier influences nociceptive processing and perception of pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awais Younis
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Lydia Hardowar
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Sarah Barker
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Richard Philip Hulse
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
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25
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Jones OY, Yeralan S. Is Long COVID a State of Systemic Pericyte Disarray? J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11030572. [PMID: 35160024 PMCID: PMC8836446 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11030572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The most challenging aspect of Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection (PASC) or Long COVID remains for the discordance between the viral damage from acute infection in the recent past and susceptibility of Long COVID without clear evidence of post infectious inflammation or autoimmune reactions. In this communication we propose that disarray of pericytes plays a central role in emerge of Long COVID. We assume pericytes are agents with “Triple-A” qualities, i.e., analyze-adapt and advance, necessary for sustainability of host homeostasis. Based on this view, we further suggest Long COVID may provide a model system to integrate system theory and complex adaptive systems to explore a new class of maladies those are currently not well defined and with no remedies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olcay Y. Jones
- Pediatric Rheumatology, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA
- Correspondence: (O.Y.J.); (S.Y.)
| | - Sencer Yeralan
- School of IT and Engineering, ADA University, Baku AZ1008, Azerbaijan
- Correspondence: (O.Y.J.); (S.Y.)
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26
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Fu W, Chen S, Yang R, Li C, Gao H, Li J, Zhang X. Cellular features of localized microenvironments in human meniscal degeneration: a single-cell transcriptomic study. eLife 2022; 11:79585. [PMID: 36548025 PMCID: PMC9779791 DOI: 10.7554/elife.79585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Musculoskeletal tissue degeneration impairs the life quality and function of many people. Meniscus degeneration is a major origin of knee osteoarthritis and a common threat to athletic ability, but its cellular mechanism remains elusive. Methods We built a cell atlas of 12 healthy or degenerated human meniscus samples from the inner and outer meniscal zones of 8 patients using scRNA-seq to investigate meniscal microenvironment homeostasis and its changes in the degeneration process and verified findings with immunofluorescent imaging. Results We identified and localized cell types in inner and outer meniscus and found new chondrocyte subtypes associated with degeneration. The observations suggested understandings on how cellular compositions, functions, and interactions participated in degeneration, and on the possible loop-like interactions among extracellular matrix disassembly, angiogenesis, and inflammation in driving the degeneration. Conclusions The study provided a rich resource reflecting variations in the meniscal microenvironment during degeneration and suggested new cell subtypes as potential therapeutic targets. The hypothesized mechanism could also be a general model for other joint degenerations. Funding The National Natural Science Foundation of China (81972123, 82172508, 62050178, 61721003), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2021YFF1200901), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2015SCU04A40); The Innovative Spark Project of Sichuan University (2018SCUH0034); Sichuan Science and Technology Program (2020YFH0075); Chengdu Science and Technology Bureau Project (2019-YF05-00090-SN); 1.3.5 Project for Disciplines of Excellence of West China Hospital Sichuan University (ZYJC21030, ZY2017301); 1.3.5 Project for Disciplines of Excellence - Clinical Research Incubation Project, West China Hospital, Sichuan University (2019HXFH039).
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Affiliation(s)
- Weili Fu
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Sijie Chen
- MOE Key Lab of Bioinformatics, Bioinformatics Division, BNRIST and Department of Automation, Tsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Runze Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Chen Li
- MOE Key Lab of Bioinformatics, Bioinformatics Division, BNRIST and Department of Automation, Tsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Haoxiang Gao
- MOE Key Lab of Bioinformatics, Bioinformatics Division, BNRIST and Department of Automation, Tsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xuegong Zhang
- MOE Key Lab of Bioinformatics, Bioinformatics Division, BNRIST and Department of Automation, Tsinghua UniversityBeijingChina,School of Life Sciences and School of Medicine, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua UniversityBeijingChina
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27
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Menaceur C, Gosselet F, Fenart L, Saint-Pol J. The Blood-Brain Barrier, an Evolving Concept Based on Technological Advances and Cell-Cell Communications. Cells 2021; 11:cells11010133. [PMID: 35011695 PMCID: PMC8750298 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The construction of the blood–brain barrier (BBB), which is a natural barrier for maintaining brain homeostasis, is the result of a meticulous organisation in space and time of cell–cell communication processes between the endothelial cells that carry the BBB phenotype, the brain pericytes, the glial cells (mainly the astrocytes), and the neurons. The importance of these communications for the establishment, maturation and maintenance of this unique phenotype had already been suggested in the pioneering work to identify and demonstrate the BBB. As for the history of the BBB, the evolution of analytical techniques has allowed knowledge to evolve on the cell–cell communication pathways involved, as well as on the role played by the cells constituting the neurovascular unit in the maintenance of the BBB phenotype, and more particularly the brain pericytes. This review summarises the key points of the history of the BBB, from its origin to the current knowledge of its physiology, as well as the cell–cell communication pathways identified so far during its development, maintenance, and pathophysiological alteration.
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28
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Iwasaki K, Hotta-Hirashima N, Funato H, Yanagisawa M. Protocol for sleep analysis in the brain of genetically modified adult mice. STAR Protoc 2021; 2:100982. [PMID: 34917975 PMCID: PMC8666358 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2021.100982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Elucidating the molecular pathways that regulate animal behavior such as sleep is essential for understanding how the brain works. However, to examine how a certain functional domain of protein is involved in animal behavior is challenging. Here, we present a protocol for inducing endogenous protein that lacks a specific functional domain using Cre-mediated allele modification in neurons followed by electroencephalogram/electromyogram (EEG/EMG) recording to study the role of kinases in sleep. This strategy is applicable to other gene targets or behaviors. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Iwasaki et al. (2021).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Iwasaki
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Noriko Hotta-Hirashima
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.,Department of Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, Toho University, Ota-ku, Tokyo 951-8585, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Funato
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.,Department of Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, Toho University, Ota-ku, Tokyo 951-8585, Japan
| | - Masashi Yanagisawa
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Life Science Center, Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
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29
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Shih YH, Portman D, Idrizi F, Grosse A, Lawson ND. Integrated molecular analysis identifies a conserved pericyte gene signature in zebrafish. Development 2021; 148:273393. [PMID: 34751773 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pericytes reside in capillary beds where they share a basement membrane with endothelial cells and regulate their function. However, little is known about embryonic pericyte development, in part, due to lack of specific molecular markers and genetic tools. Here, we applied single cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) of platelet derived growth factor beta (pdgfrb)-positive cells to molecularly characterize pericytes in zebrafish larvae. scRNA-seq revealed zebrafish cells expressing mouse pericyte gene orthologs, and comparison with bulk RNA-seq from wild-type and pdgfrb mutant larvae further refined a pericyte gene set. Subsequent integration with mouse pericyte scRNA-seq profiles revealed a core set of conserved pericyte genes. Using transgenic reporter lines, we validated pericyte expression of two genes identified in our analysis: NDUFA4 mitochondrial complex associated like 2a (ndufa4l2a), and potassium voltage-gated channel, Isk-related family, member 4 (kcne4). Both reporter lines exhibited pericyte expression in multiple anatomical locations, and kcne4 was also detected in a subset of vascular smooth muscle cells. Thus, our integrated molecular analysis revealed a molecular profile for zebrafish pericytes and allowed us to develop new tools to observe these cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Huan Shih
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Daneal Portman
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Feston Idrizi
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Ann Grosse
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Nathan D Lawson
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
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Pan L, Hoffmeister P, Turkiewicz A, Huynh NND, Große-Berkenbusch A, Knippschild U, Gebhardt JCM, Baumann B, Borggrefe T, Oswald F. Transcription Factor RBPJL Is Able to Repress Notch Target Gene Expression but Is Non-Responsive to Notch Activation. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13195027. [PMID: 34638511 PMCID: PMC8508133 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13195027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The transcription factor RBPJ is an integral part of the Notch signaling cascade. RBPJ can function as a coactivator when Notch signaling is activated but acts as a repressor in the absence of a Notch stimulus. Here, we characterized the function of RBPJL, a pancreas-specific paralog of RBPJ. Upon depletion of RBPJ using CRISPR/Cas9, we observed specific upregulation of Notch target gene expression. Reconstitution with RBPJL can compensate for the lack of RBPJ function in the repression of Notch target genes but is not able to mediate the Notch-dependent activation of gene expression. On the molecular level, we identified a limited capacity of RBPJL to interact with activated Notch1–4. Abstract The Notch signaling pathway is an evolutionary conserved signal transduction cascade present in almost all tissues and is required for embryonic and postnatal development, as well as for stem cell maintenance, but it is also implicated in tumorigenesis including pancreatic cancer and leukemia. The transcription factor RBPJ forms a coactivator complex in the presence of a Notch signal, whereas it represses Notch target genes in the absence of a Notch stimulus. In the pancreas, a specific paralog of RBPJ, called RBPJL, is expressed and found as part of the heterotrimeric PTF1-complex. However, the function of RBPJL in Notch signaling remains elusive. Using molecular modeling, biochemical and functional assays, as well as single-molecule time-lapse imaging, we show that RBPJL and RBPJ, despite limited sequence homology, possess a high degree of structural similarity. RBPJL is specifically expressed in the exocrine pancreas, whereas it is mostly undetectable in pancreatic tumour cell lines. Importantly, RBPJL is not able to interact with Notch−1 to −4 and it does not support Notch-mediated transactivation. However, RBPJL can bind to canonical RBPJ DNA elements and shows migration dynamics comparable to that of RBPJ in the nuclei of living cells. Importantly, RBPJL is able to interact with SHARP/SPEN, the central corepressor of the Notch pathway. In line with this, RBPJL is able to fully reconstitute transcriptional repression at Notch target genes in cells lacking RBPJ. Together, RBPJL can act as an antagonist of RBPJ, which renders cells unresponsive to the activation of Notch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leiling Pan
- Center for Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (L.P.); (P.H.)
| | - Philipp Hoffmeister
- Center for Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (L.P.); (P.H.)
| | - Aleksandra Turkiewicz
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Giessen, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | - N. N. Duyen Huynh
- Institute of Biophysics, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (N.N.D.H.); (A.G.-B.); (J.C.M.G.)
| | - Andreas Große-Berkenbusch
- Institute of Biophysics, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (N.N.D.H.); (A.G.-B.); (J.C.M.G.)
| | - Uwe Knippschild
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Surgery Center, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany;
| | - J. Christof M. Gebhardt
- Institute of Biophysics, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (N.N.D.H.); (A.G.-B.); (J.C.M.G.)
| | - Bernd Baumann
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany;
| | - Tilman Borggrefe
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Giessen, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
- Correspondence: (T.B.); (F.O.); Tel.: +49-731-500-44544 (F.O.)
| | - Franz Oswald
- Center for Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (L.P.); (P.H.)
- Correspondence: (T.B.); (F.O.); Tel.: +49-731-500-44544 (F.O.)
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Peyre M, Miyagishima D, Bielle F, Chapon F, Sierant M, Venot Q, Lerond J, Marijon P, Abi-Jaoude S, Le Van T, Labreche K, Houlston R, Faisant M, Clémenceau S, Boch AL, Nouet A, Carpentier A, Boetto J, Louvi A, Kalamarides M. Somatic PIK3CA Mutations in Sporadic Cerebral Cavernous Malformations. N Engl J Med 2021; 385:996-1004. [PMID: 34496175 PMCID: PMC8606022 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2100440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are common sporadic and inherited vascular malformations of the central nervous system. Although familial CCMs are linked to loss-of-function mutations in KRIT1 (CCM1), CCM2, or PDCD10 (CCM3), the genetic cause of sporadic CCMs, representing 80% of cases, remains incompletely understood. METHODS We developed two mouse models harboring mutations identified in human meningiomas with the use of the prostaglandin D2 synthase (PGDS) promoter. We performed targeted DNA sequencing of surgically resected CCMs from patients and confirmed our findings by droplet digital polymerase-chain-reaction analysis. RESULTS We found that in mice expressing one of two common genetic drivers of meningioma - Pik3ca H1047R or AKT1 E17K - in PGDS-positive cells, a spectrum of typical CCMs develops (in 22% and 11% of the mice, respectively) instead of meningiomas, which prompted us to analyze tissue samples from sporadic CCMs from 88 patients. We detected somatic activating PIK3CA and AKT1 mutations in 39% and 1%, respectively, of lesion tissue from the patients. Only 10% of lesions harbored mutations in the CCM genes. We analyzed lesions induced by the activating mutations Pik3ca H1074R and AKT1 E17K in mice and identified the PGDS-expressing pericyte as the probable cell of origin. CONCLUSIONS In tissue samples from sporadic CCMs, mutations in PIK3CA were represented to a greater extent than mutations in any other gene. The contribution of somatic mutations in the genes that cause familial CCMs was comparatively small. (Funded by the Fondation ARC pour la Recherche contre le Cancer and others.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthieu Peyre
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.P., S.C., A.-L.B., A.N., A.C., M.K.) and Neuropathology (F.B.), Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, INSERM Unité 1127, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 7225, Paris Brain Institute (M.P., F.B., J.L., P.M., S.A.-J., T.L.V., K.L., J.B., M.K.), and INSERM Unité 1151-Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, AP-HP (Q.V.), Paris, and the Department of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Caen-INSERM Unité 1075 COMETE, Caen University (F.C.), and the Department of Pathology CHRU Caen-INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Unité 1237, Cyceron (M.F.), Caen - all in France; the Departments of Genetics (D.M., M.S.) and Neurosurgery and Neuroscience (A.L.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; and the Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom (K.L., R.H.)
| | - Danielle Miyagishima
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.P., S.C., A.-L.B., A.N., A.C., M.K.) and Neuropathology (F.B.), Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, INSERM Unité 1127, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 7225, Paris Brain Institute (M.P., F.B., J.L., P.M., S.A.-J., T.L.V., K.L., J.B., M.K.), and INSERM Unité 1151-Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, AP-HP (Q.V.), Paris, and the Department of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Caen-INSERM Unité 1075 COMETE, Caen University (F.C.), and the Department of Pathology CHRU Caen-INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Unité 1237, Cyceron (M.F.), Caen - all in France; the Departments of Genetics (D.M., M.S.) and Neurosurgery and Neuroscience (A.L.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; and the Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom (K.L., R.H.)
| | - Franck Bielle
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.P., S.C., A.-L.B., A.N., A.C., M.K.) and Neuropathology (F.B.), Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, INSERM Unité 1127, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 7225, Paris Brain Institute (M.P., F.B., J.L., P.M., S.A.-J., T.L.V., K.L., J.B., M.K.), and INSERM Unité 1151-Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, AP-HP (Q.V.), Paris, and the Department of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Caen-INSERM Unité 1075 COMETE, Caen University (F.C.), and the Department of Pathology CHRU Caen-INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Unité 1237, Cyceron (M.F.), Caen - all in France; the Departments of Genetics (D.M., M.S.) and Neurosurgery and Neuroscience (A.L.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; and the Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom (K.L., R.H.)
| | - Françoise Chapon
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.P., S.C., A.-L.B., A.N., A.C., M.K.) and Neuropathology (F.B.), Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, INSERM Unité 1127, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 7225, Paris Brain Institute (M.P., F.B., J.L., P.M., S.A.-J., T.L.V., K.L., J.B., M.K.), and INSERM Unité 1151-Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, AP-HP (Q.V.), Paris, and the Department of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Caen-INSERM Unité 1075 COMETE, Caen University (F.C.), and the Department of Pathology CHRU Caen-INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Unité 1237, Cyceron (M.F.), Caen - all in France; the Departments of Genetics (D.M., M.S.) and Neurosurgery and Neuroscience (A.L.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; and the Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom (K.L., R.H.)
| | - Michael Sierant
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.P., S.C., A.-L.B., A.N., A.C., M.K.) and Neuropathology (F.B.), Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, INSERM Unité 1127, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 7225, Paris Brain Institute (M.P., F.B., J.L., P.M., S.A.-J., T.L.V., K.L., J.B., M.K.), and INSERM Unité 1151-Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, AP-HP (Q.V.), Paris, and the Department of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Caen-INSERM Unité 1075 COMETE, Caen University (F.C.), and the Department of Pathology CHRU Caen-INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Unité 1237, Cyceron (M.F.), Caen - all in France; the Departments of Genetics (D.M., M.S.) and Neurosurgery and Neuroscience (A.L.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; and the Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom (K.L., R.H.)
| | - Quitterie Venot
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.P., S.C., A.-L.B., A.N., A.C., M.K.) and Neuropathology (F.B.), Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, INSERM Unité 1127, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 7225, Paris Brain Institute (M.P., F.B., J.L., P.M., S.A.-J., T.L.V., K.L., J.B., M.K.), and INSERM Unité 1151-Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, AP-HP (Q.V.), Paris, and the Department of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Caen-INSERM Unité 1075 COMETE, Caen University (F.C.), and the Department of Pathology CHRU Caen-INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Unité 1237, Cyceron (M.F.), Caen - all in France; the Departments of Genetics (D.M., M.S.) and Neurosurgery and Neuroscience (A.L.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; and the Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom (K.L., R.H.)
| | - Julie Lerond
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.P., S.C., A.-L.B., A.N., A.C., M.K.) and Neuropathology (F.B.), Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, INSERM Unité 1127, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 7225, Paris Brain Institute (M.P., F.B., J.L., P.M., S.A.-J., T.L.V., K.L., J.B., M.K.), and INSERM Unité 1151-Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, AP-HP (Q.V.), Paris, and the Department of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Caen-INSERM Unité 1075 COMETE, Caen University (F.C.), and the Department of Pathology CHRU Caen-INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Unité 1237, Cyceron (M.F.), Caen - all in France; the Departments of Genetics (D.M., M.S.) and Neurosurgery and Neuroscience (A.L.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; and the Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom (K.L., R.H.)
| | - Pauline Marijon
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.P., S.C., A.-L.B., A.N., A.C., M.K.) and Neuropathology (F.B.), Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, INSERM Unité 1127, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 7225, Paris Brain Institute (M.P., F.B., J.L., P.M., S.A.-J., T.L.V., K.L., J.B., M.K.), and INSERM Unité 1151-Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, AP-HP (Q.V.), Paris, and the Department of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Caen-INSERM Unité 1075 COMETE, Caen University (F.C.), and the Department of Pathology CHRU Caen-INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Unité 1237, Cyceron (M.F.), Caen - all in France; the Departments of Genetics (D.M., M.S.) and Neurosurgery and Neuroscience (A.L.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; and the Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom (K.L., R.H.)
| | - Samiya Abi-Jaoude
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.P., S.C., A.-L.B., A.N., A.C., M.K.) and Neuropathology (F.B.), Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, INSERM Unité 1127, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 7225, Paris Brain Institute (M.P., F.B., J.L., P.M., S.A.-J., T.L.V., K.L., J.B., M.K.), and INSERM Unité 1151-Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, AP-HP (Q.V.), Paris, and the Department of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Caen-INSERM Unité 1075 COMETE, Caen University (F.C.), and the Department of Pathology CHRU Caen-INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Unité 1237, Cyceron (M.F.), Caen - all in France; the Departments of Genetics (D.M., M.S.) and Neurosurgery and Neuroscience (A.L.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; and the Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom (K.L., R.H.)
| | - Tuan Le Van
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.P., S.C., A.-L.B., A.N., A.C., M.K.) and Neuropathology (F.B.), Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, INSERM Unité 1127, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 7225, Paris Brain Institute (M.P., F.B., J.L., P.M., S.A.-J., T.L.V., K.L., J.B., M.K.), and INSERM Unité 1151-Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, AP-HP (Q.V.), Paris, and the Department of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Caen-INSERM Unité 1075 COMETE, Caen University (F.C.), and the Department of Pathology CHRU Caen-INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Unité 1237, Cyceron (M.F.), Caen - all in France; the Departments of Genetics (D.M., M.S.) and Neurosurgery and Neuroscience (A.L.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; and the Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom (K.L., R.H.)
| | - Karim Labreche
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.P., S.C., A.-L.B., A.N., A.C., M.K.) and Neuropathology (F.B.), Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, INSERM Unité 1127, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 7225, Paris Brain Institute (M.P., F.B., J.L., P.M., S.A.-J., T.L.V., K.L., J.B., M.K.), and INSERM Unité 1151-Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, AP-HP (Q.V.), Paris, and the Department of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Caen-INSERM Unité 1075 COMETE, Caen University (F.C.), and the Department of Pathology CHRU Caen-INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Unité 1237, Cyceron (M.F.), Caen - all in France; the Departments of Genetics (D.M., M.S.) and Neurosurgery and Neuroscience (A.L.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; and the Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom (K.L., R.H.)
| | - Richard Houlston
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.P., S.C., A.-L.B., A.N., A.C., M.K.) and Neuropathology (F.B.), Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, INSERM Unité 1127, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 7225, Paris Brain Institute (M.P., F.B., J.L., P.M., S.A.-J., T.L.V., K.L., J.B., M.K.), and INSERM Unité 1151-Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, AP-HP (Q.V.), Paris, and the Department of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Caen-INSERM Unité 1075 COMETE, Caen University (F.C.), and the Department of Pathology CHRU Caen-INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Unité 1237, Cyceron (M.F.), Caen - all in France; the Departments of Genetics (D.M., M.S.) and Neurosurgery and Neuroscience (A.L.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; and the Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom (K.L., R.H.)
| | - Maxime Faisant
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.P., S.C., A.-L.B., A.N., A.C., M.K.) and Neuropathology (F.B.), Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, INSERM Unité 1127, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 7225, Paris Brain Institute (M.P., F.B., J.L., P.M., S.A.-J., T.L.V., K.L., J.B., M.K.), and INSERM Unité 1151-Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, AP-HP (Q.V.), Paris, and the Department of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Caen-INSERM Unité 1075 COMETE, Caen University (F.C.), and the Department of Pathology CHRU Caen-INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Unité 1237, Cyceron (M.F.), Caen - all in France; the Departments of Genetics (D.M., M.S.) and Neurosurgery and Neuroscience (A.L.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; and the Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom (K.L., R.H.)
| | - Stéphane Clémenceau
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.P., S.C., A.-L.B., A.N., A.C., M.K.) and Neuropathology (F.B.), Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, INSERM Unité 1127, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 7225, Paris Brain Institute (M.P., F.B., J.L., P.M., S.A.-J., T.L.V., K.L., J.B., M.K.), and INSERM Unité 1151-Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, AP-HP (Q.V.), Paris, and the Department of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Caen-INSERM Unité 1075 COMETE, Caen University (F.C.), and the Department of Pathology CHRU Caen-INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Unité 1237, Cyceron (M.F.), Caen - all in France; the Departments of Genetics (D.M., M.S.) and Neurosurgery and Neuroscience (A.L.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; and the Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom (K.L., R.H.)
| | - Anne-Laure Boch
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.P., S.C., A.-L.B., A.N., A.C., M.K.) and Neuropathology (F.B.), Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, INSERM Unité 1127, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 7225, Paris Brain Institute (M.P., F.B., J.L., P.M., S.A.-J., T.L.V., K.L., J.B., M.K.), and INSERM Unité 1151-Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, AP-HP (Q.V.), Paris, and the Department of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Caen-INSERM Unité 1075 COMETE, Caen University (F.C.), and the Department of Pathology CHRU Caen-INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Unité 1237, Cyceron (M.F.), Caen - all in France; the Departments of Genetics (D.M., M.S.) and Neurosurgery and Neuroscience (A.L.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; and the Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom (K.L., R.H.)
| | - Aurelien Nouet
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.P., S.C., A.-L.B., A.N., A.C., M.K.) and Neuropathology (F.B.), Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, INSERM Unité 1127, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 7225, Paris Brain Institute (M.P., F.B., J.L., P.M., S.A.-J., T.L.V., K.L., J.B., M.K.), and INSERM Unité 1151-Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, AP-HP (Q.V.), Paris, and the Department of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Caen-INSERM Unité 1075 COMETE, Caen University (F.C.), and the Department of Pathology CHRU Caen-INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Unité 1237, Cyceron (M.F.), Caen - all in France; the Departments of Genetics (D.M., M.S.) and Neurosurgery and Neuroscience (A.L.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; and the Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom (K.L., R.H.)
| | - Alexandre Carpentier
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.P., S.C., A.-L.B., A.N., A.C., M.K.) and Neuropathology (F.B.), Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, INSERM Unité 1127, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 7225, Paris Brain Institute (M.P., F.B., J.L., P.M., S.A.-J., T.L.V., K.L., J.B., M.K.), and INSERM Unité 1151-Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, AP-HP (Q.V.), Paris, and the Department of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Caen-INSERM Unité 1075 COMETE, Caen University (F.C.), and the Department of Pathology CHRU Caen-INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Unité 1237, Cyceron (M.F.), Caen - all in France; the Departments of Genetics (D.M., M.S.) and Neurosurgery and Neuroscience (A.L.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; and the Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom (K.L., R.H.)
| | - Julien Boetto
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.P., S.C., A.-L.B., A.N., A.C., M.K.) and Neuropathology (F.B.), Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, INSERM Unité 1127, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 7225, Paris Brain Institute (M.P., F.B., J.L., P.M., S.A.-J., T.L.V., K.L., J.B., M.K.), and INSERM Unité 1151-Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, AP-HP (Q.V.), Paris, and the Department of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Caen-INSERM Unité 1075 COMETE, Caen University (F.C.), and the Department of Pathology CHRU Caen-INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Unité 1237, Cyceron (M.F.), Caen - all in France; the Departments of Genetics (D.M., M.S.) and Neurosurgery and Neuroscience (A.L.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; and the Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom (K.L., R.H.)
| | - Angeliki Louvi
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.P., S.C., A.-L.B., A.N., A.C., M.K.) and Neuropathology (F.B.), Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, INSERM Unité 1127, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 7225, Paris Brain Institute (M.P., F.B., J.L., P.M., S.A.-J., T.L.V., K.L., J.B., M.K.), and INSERM Unité 1151-Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, AP-HP (Q.V.), Paris, and the Department of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Caen-INSERM Unité 1075 COMETE, Caen University (F.C.), and the Department of Pathology CHRU Caen-INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Unité 1237, Cyceron (M.F.), Caen - all in France; the Departments of Genetics (D.M., M.S.) and Neurosurgery and Neuroscience (A.L.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; and the Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom (K.L., R.H.)
| | - Michel Kalamarides
- From the Departments of Neurosurgery (M.P., S.C., A.-L.B., A.N., A.C., M.K.) and Neuropathology (F.B.), Sorbonne Université, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, INSERM Unité 1127, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche 7225, Paris Brain Institute (M.P., F.B., J.L., P.M., S.A.-J., T.L.V., K.L., J.B., M.K.), and INSERM Unité 1151-Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades, AP-HP (Q.V.), Paris, and the Department of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire (CHRU) Caen-INSERM Unité 1075 COMETE, Caen University (F.C.), and the Department of Pathology CHRU Caen-INSERM Unité Mixte de Recherche en Santé Unité 1237, Cyceron (M.F.), Caen - all in France; the Departments of Genetics (D.M., M.S.) and Neurosurgery and Neuroscience (A.L.), Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; and the Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, United Kingdom (K.L., R.H.)
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Duan X, Lv M, Liu A, Pang Y, Li Q, Su P, Gou M. Identification and evolution of transcription factors RHR gene family (NFAT and RBPJ) involving lamprey (Lethenteron reissneri) innate immunity. Mol Immunol 2021; 138:38-47. [PMID: 34332184 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) and recombination signal binding protein (RBP) belong to the family of Rel homology region (RHR) transcription factors which regulate the expression of genes involved in different aspects of the immune response. To gain insights into the evolution and characterisation of RHR genes in lampreys, a jawless vertebrate, four RHR genes, including nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) and recombination signal binding protein for immunoglobulin kappa J region (RBPJ), have been identified and cloned from the lamprey (Lethenteron reissneri) database. Evolutionary relationships of NFAT and RBPJ genes among different species were determined through molecular phylogenetic analysis. Motif, genetic structure, and tertiary structure analyses showed that NFATs and RBPJ are conserved and contain RHD and IPT domains. Moreover, synteny analysis showed that the neighbourhood genes of Lr-NFATs and Lr-RBPJ have undergone significant changes compared to jawed vertebrates. Real-time quantitative results demonstrated that the RHR gene family plays a significant role in immune defence. This study provides a new understanding of the origin and evolution of the RHR gene family in different species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyuan Duan
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Menggang Lv
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Aijia Liu
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Yue Pang
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Qingwei Li
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Peng Su
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China.
| | - Meng Gou
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China.
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Kurmann L, Okoniewski M, Dubey RK. Transcryptomic Analysis of Human Brain -Microvascular Endothelial Cell Driven Changes in -Vascular Pericytes. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071784. [PMID: 34359953 PMCID: PMC8304094 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many pathological conditions of the brain are associated with structural abnormalities within the neurovascular system and linked to pericyte (PC) loss and/or dysfunction. Since crosstalk between endothelial cells (ECs) and PCs greatly impacts the function of the blood–brain barrier (BBB), effects of PCs on endothelial integrity and function have been investigated extensively. However, the impact of ECs on the function and activity of PCs remains largely unknown. Hence, using co-cultures of human brain vascular PCs with human cerebral microvascular ECs on opposite sides of porous Transwell inserts which facilitates direct EC–PC contact and improves EC barrier function, we analyzed EC-driven transcriptomic changes in PCs using microarrays and changes in cytokines/chemokines using proteome arrays. Gene expression analysis (GEA) in PCs co-cultured with ECs versus PCs cultured alone showed significant upregulation of 1′334 genes and downregulation of 964 genes. GEA in co-cultured PCs revealed increased expression of five prominent PC markers as well as soluble factors, such as transforming growth factor beta, fibroblast growth factor, angiopoietin 1, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, all of which are involved in EC–PC crosstalk and BBB induction. Pathway enrichment analysis of modulated genes showed a strong impact on many inflammatory and extracellular matrix (ECM) pathways including interferon and interleukin signaling, TGF-β and interleukin-1 regulation of ECM, as well as on the mRNA processing pathway. Interestingly, while co-culture induced the mRNA expression of many chemokines and cytokines, including several CCL- and CXC-motif ligands and interleukins, we observed a decreased expression of the same inflammatory mediators on the protein level. Importantly, in PCs, ECs significantly induced interferon associated proteins (IFIT1, IFI44L, IF127, IFIT3, IFI6, IFI44) with anti-viral actions; downregulated prostaglandin E receptor 2 (prevent COX-2 mediated BBB damage); upregulated fibulin-3 and connective tissue growth factor essential for BBB integrity; and multiple ECMs (collagens and integrins) that inhibit cell migration. Our findings suggest that via direct contact, ECs prime PCs to induce molecules to promote BBB integrity and cell survival during infection and inflammatory insult. Taken together, we provide first evidence that interaction with ECs though porous membranes induces major changes in the transcriptomic and proteomic profile of PCs. ECs influence genes involved in diverse aspects of PC function including PC maturation, cell survival, anti-viral defense, blood flow regulation, immuno-modulation and ECM deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Kurmann
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, University Hospital Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland;
| | | | - Raghvendra K. Dubey
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, University Hospital Zurich, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland;
- Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
- Correspondence:
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Qiu YM, Zhang CL, Chen AQ, Wang HL, Zhou YF, Li YN, Hu B. Immune Cells in the BBB Disruption After Acute Ischemic Stroke: Targets for Immune Therapy? Front Immunol 2021; 12:678744. [PMID: 34248961 PMCID: PMC8260997 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.678744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) disruption is an important pathophysiological process of acute ischemic stroke (AIS), resulting in devastating malignant brain edema and hemorrhagic transformation. The rapid activation of immune cells plays a critical role in BBB disruption after ischemic stroke. Infiltrating blood-borne immune cells (neutrophils, monocytes, and T lymphocytes) increase BBB permeability, as they cause microvascular disorder and secrete inflammation-associated molecules. In contrast, they promote BBB repair and angiogenesis in the latter phase of ischemic stroke. The profound immunological effects of cerebral immune cells (microglia, astrocytes, and pericytes) on BBB disruption have been underestimated in ischemic stroke. Post-stroke microglia and astrocytes can adopt both an M1/A1 or M2/A2 phenotype, which influence BBB integrity differently. However, whether pericytes acquire microglia phenotype and exert immunological effects on the BBB remains controversial. Thus, better understanding the inflammatory mechanism underlying BBB disruption can lead to the identification of more promising biological targets to develop treatments that minimize the onset of life-threatening complications and to improve existing treatments in patients. However, early attempts to inhibit the infiltration of circulating immune cells into the brain by blocking adhesion molecules, that were successful in experimental stroke failed in clinical trials. Therefore, new immunoregulatory therapeutic strategies for acute ischemic stroke are desperately warranted. Herein, we highlight the role of circulating and cerebral immune cells in BBB disruption and the crosstalk between them following acute ischemic stroke. Using a robust theoretical background, we discuss potential and effective immunotherapeutic targets to regulate BBB permeability after acute ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ya-nan Li
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Abstract
The Notch signalling pathway is one of the main regulators of endothelial biology. In the last 20 years the critical function of Notch has been uncovered in the context of angiogenesis, participating in tip-stalk specification, arterial-venous differentiation, vessel stabilization, and maturation processes. Importantly, pharmacological compounds targeting distinct members of the Notch signalling pathway have been used in the clinics for cancer therapy. However, the underlying mechanisms that support the variety of outcomes triggered by Notch in apparently opposite contexts such as angiogenesis and vascular homeostasis remain unknown. In recent years, advances in -omics technologies together with mosaic analysis and high molecular, cellular and temporal resolution studies have allowed a better understanding of the mechanisms driven by the Notch signalling pathway in different endothelial contexts. In this review we will focus on the main findings that revisit the role of Notch signalling in vascular biology. We will also discuss potential future directions and technologies that will shed light on the puzzling role of Notch during endothelial growth and homeostasis. Addressing these open questions may allow the improvement and development of therapeutic strategies based on modulation of the Notch signalling pathway.
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Chen F, Han J, Wang D. Identification of key microRNAs and the underlying molecular mechanism in spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11454. [PMID: 34123589 PMCID: PMC8164840 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury (SCII) is a pathological process with severe complications such as paraplegia and paralysis. Aberrant miRNA expression is involved in the development of SCII. Differences in the experimenters, filtering conditions, control selection, and sequencing platform may lead to different miRNA expression results. This study systematically analyzes the available SCII miRNA expression data to explore the key differently expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) and the underlying molecular mechanism in SCII. A systematic bioinformatics analysis was performed on 23 representative rat SCII miRNA datasets from PubMed. The target genes of key DEmiRNAs were predicted on miRDB. The DAVID and TFactS databases were utilized for functional enrichment and transcription factor binding analyses. In this study, 19 key DEmiRNAs involved in SCII were identified, 9 of which were upregulated (miR-144-3p, miR-3568, miR-204, miR-30c, miR-34c-3p, miR-155-3p, miR-200b, miR-463, and miR-760-5p) and 10 downregulated (miR-28-5p, miR-21-5p, miR-702-3p, miR-291a-3p, miR-199a-3p, miR-352, miR-743b-3p, miR-125b-2-3p, miR-129-1-3p, and miR-136). KEGG enrichment analysis on the target genes of the upregulated DEmiRNAs revealed that the involved pathways were mainly the cGMP-PKG and cAMP signaling pathways. KEGG enrichment analysis on the target genes of the downregulated DEmiRNAs revealed that the involved pathways were mainly the Chemokine and MAPK signaling pathways. GO enrichment analysis indicated that the target genes of the upregulated DEmiRNAs were markedly enriched in biological processes such as brain development and the positive regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter. Target genes of the downregulated DEmiRNAs were mainly enriched in biological processes such as intracellular signal transduction and negative regulation of cell proliferation. According to the transcription factor analysis, the four transcription factors, including SP1, GLI1, GLI2, and FOXO3, had important regulatory effects on the target genes of the key DEmiRNAs. Among the upregulated DEmiRNAs, miR-3568 was especially interesting. While SCII causes severe neurological deficits of lower extremities, the anti-miRNA oligonucleotides (AMOs) of miR-3568 improve neurological function. Cleaved caspase-3 and Bax was markedly upregulated in SCII comparing to the sham group, and miR-3568 AMO reduced the upregulation. Bcl-2 expression levels showed a opposite trend as cleaved caspase-3. The expression of GATA6, GATA4, and RBPJ decreased after SCII and miR-3568 AMO attenuated this upregulation. In conclusion, 19 significant DEmiRNAs in the pathogenesis of SCII were identified, and the underlying molecular mechanisms were validated. The DEmiRNAs could serve as potential intervention targets for SCII. Moreover, inhibition of miR-3568 preserved hind limb function after SCII by reducing apoptosis, possibly through regulating GATA6, GATA4, and RBPJ in SCII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengshou Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning province, China
| | - Jie Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning province, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning province, China
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Bennett HC, Kim Y. Pericytes Across the Lifetime in the Central Nervous System. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:627291. [PMID: 33776651 PMCID: PMC7994897 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.627291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The pericyte is a perivascular cell type that encapsulates the microvasculature of the brain and spinal cord. Pericytes play a crucial role in the development and maintenance of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and have a multitude of important functions in the brain. Recent evidence indicates that pericyte impairment has been implicated in neurovascular pathology associated with various human diseases such as diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and stroke. Although the pericyte is essential for normal brain function, knowledge about its developmental trajectory and anatomical distribution is limited. This review article summarizes the scientific community's current understanding of pericytes' regional heterogeneity in the brain and their changes during major life stages. More specifically, this review article focuses on pericyte differentiation and migration during brain development, regional population differences in the adult brain, and changes during normal and pathological aging. Most of what is known about pericytes come from studies of the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Therefore, we highlight the need to expand our understanding of pericyte distribution and function in the whole brain to better delineate this cell type's role in the normal brain and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah C Bennett
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State University, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Yongsoo Kim
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State University, Hershey, PA, United States
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Chen GQ, Liao ZM, Liu J, Li F, Huang D, Zhou YD. LncRNA FTX Promotes Colorectal Cancer Cells Migration and Invasion by miRNA-590-5p/RBPJ Axis. Biochem Genet 2021; 59:560-573. [PMID: 33389283 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-020-10017-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most lethal human cancers all over the world. Moreover, it ranks fourth for cancer-related deaths among males. Although many efforts have been made to cure CRC, the effect remains limited. It has been reported that lncRNA five prime to Xist (FTX) was upregulated in CRC. However, the mechanism by which lncRNA FTX regulates the progression of CRC remains largely unknown. In this study, qRT-PCR was performed to detect the expression of FTX, miR-590-5p and Recombination signal binding protein for immunoglobulin kappa J region (RBPJ) in CRC tissues or cells. Protein expression in cells was measured by western blot. MTT assay was used to test the cell viability. Moreover, transwell was performed to examine the cell migration and invasion. Luciferase report assay was performed to verify the relation between miR-590-5p and FTX or RBPJ. It was found that FTX was upregulated in CRC tissues and cells. Knockdown of FTX or overexpression of miR-590-5p can inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasion of CRC cells. Besides, silencing of FTX could inhibit the expression of migration and invasion-related proteins in CRC cells. Meanwhile, miR-590-5p was the target of FTX, and RBPJ was the direct target of miR-590-5p. Inhibition of miR-590-5p could reverse the inhibitory effect of FTX on the progression of CRC. These findings suggested that knockdown of FTX could inhibit the tumorigenesis of CRC in vitro, which may serve as a potential novel strategy for treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Qun Chen
- Department of Pathology, The Fourth Hospital of Changsha, No. 70, Lushan South Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, 410006, China
| | - Zhi-Ming Liao
- Department of Pathology, The Fourth Hospital of Changsha, No. 70, Lushan South Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, 410006, China
| | - Jiao Liu
- Department of Pathology, The Fourth Hospital of Changsha, No. 70, Lushan South Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, 410006, China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Pathology, The Fourth Hospital of Changsha, No. 70, Lushan South Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, 410006, China
| | - Da Huang
- Department of Pathology, The Fourth Hospital of Changsha, No. 70, Lushan South Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, 410006, China
| | - Ya-Dong Zhou
- Department of Pathology, The Fourth Hospital of Changsha, No. 70, Lushan South Road, Yuelu District, Changsha, 410006, China.
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Transcription Factor RBPJ as a Molecular Switch in Regulating the Notch Response. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1287:9-30. [PMID: 33034023 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-55031-8_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Notch signal transduction cascade requires cell-to-cell contact and results in the proteolytic processing of the Notch receptor and subsequent assembly of a transcriptional coactivator complex containing the Notch intracellular domain (NICD) and transcription factor RBPJ. In the absence of a Notch signal, RBPJ remains at Notch target genes and dampens transcriptional output. Like in other signaling pathways, RBPJ is able to switch from activation to repression by associating with corepressor complexes containing several chromatin-modifying enzymes. Here, we focus on the recent advances concerning RBPJ-corepressor functions, especially in regard to chromatin regulation. We put this into the context of one of the best-studied model systems for Notch, blood cell development. Alterations in the RBPJ-corepressor functions can contribute to the development of leukemia, especially in the case of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The versatile role of transcription factor RBPJ in regulating pivotal target genes like c-MYC and HES1 may contribute to the better understanding of the development of leukemia.
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Imaging and optogenetic modulation of vascular mural cells in the live brain. Nat Protoc 2020; 16:472-496. [PMID: 33299155 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-020-00425-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Mural cells (smooth muscle cells and pericytes) are integral components of brain blood vessels that play important roles in vascular formation, blood-brain barrier maintenance, and regulation of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF). These cells are implicated in conditions ranging from developmental vascular disorders to age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Here we present complementary tools for cell labeling with transgenic mice and organic dyes that allow high-resolution intravital imaging of the different mural cell subtypes. We also provide detailed methodologies for imaging of spontaneous and neural activity-evoked calcium transients in mural cells. In addition, we describe strategies for single- and two-photon optogenetics that allow manipulation of the activity of individual and small clusters of mural cells. Together with measurements of diameter and flow in individual brain microvessels, calcium imaging and optogenetics allow the investigation of pericyte and smooth muscle cell physiology and their role in regulating rCBF. We also demonstrate the utility of these tools to investigate mural cells in the context of Alzheimer's disease and cerebral ischemia mouse models. Thus, these methods can be used to reveal the functional and structural heterogeneity of mural cells in vivo, and allow detailed cellular studies of the normal function and pathophysiology of mural cells in a variety of disease models. The implementation of this protocol can take from several hours to days depending on the intended applications.
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Nadeem T, Bogue W, Bigit B, Cuervo H. Deficiency of Notch signaling in pericytes results in arteriovenous malformations. JCI Insight 2020; 5:125940. [PMID: 33148887 PMCID: PMC7710269 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.125940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are high-flow lesions directly connecting arteries and veins. In the brain, AVM rupture can cause seizures, stroke, and death. Patients with AVMs exhibit reduced coverage of the vessels by pericytes, the mural cells of microvascular capillaries; however, the mechanism underlying this pericyte reduction and its association with AVM pathogenesis remains unknown. Notch signaling has been proposed to regulate critical pericyte functions. We hypothesized that Notch signaling in pericytes is crucial to maintain pericyte homeostasis and prevent AVM formation. We inhibited Notch signaling specifically in perivascular cells and analyzed the vasculature of these mice. The retinal vessels of mice with deficient perivascular Notch signaling developed severe AVMs, together with a significant reduction in pericytes and vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMC) in the arteries, while vSMCs were increased in the veins. Vascular malformations and pericyte loss were also observed in the forebrain of embryonic mice deficient for perivascular Notch signaling. Moreover, the loss of Notch signaling in pericytes downregulated Pdgfrb levels and increased pericyte apoptosis, pointing to a critical role for Notch in pericyte survival. Overall, our findings reveal a mechanism of AVM formation and highlight the Notch signaling pathway as an essential mediator in this process.
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Garcia-Gonzalez I, Mühleder S, Fernández-Chacón M, Benedito R. Genetic Tools to Study Cardiovascular Biology. Front Physiol 2020; 11:1084. [PMID: 33071802 PMCID: PMC7541935 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.01084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Progress in biomedical science is tightly associated with the improvement of methods and genetic tools to manipulate and analyze gene function in mice, the most widely used model organism in biomedical research. The joint effort of numerous individual laboratories and consortiums has contributed to the creation of a large genetic resource that enables scientists to image cells, probe signaling pathways activities, or modify a gene function in any desired cell type or time point, à la carte. However, as these tools significantly increase in number and become more sophisticated, it is more difficult to keep track of each tool's possibilities and understand their advantages and disadvantages. Knowing the best currently available genetic technology to answer a particular biological question is key to reach a higher standard in biomedical research. In this review, we list and discuss the main advantages and disadvantages of available mammalian genetic technology to analyze cardiovascular cell biology at higher cellular and molecular resolution. We start with the most simple and classical genetic approaches and end with the most advanced technology available to fluorescently label cells, conditionally target their genes, image their clonal expansion, and decode their lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rui Benedito
- Molecular Genetics of Angiogenesis Group, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
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Neuronal regulation of the blood-brain barrier and neurovascular coupling. Nat Rev Neurosci 2020; 21:416-432. [PMID: 32636528 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-020-0322-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
To continuously process neural activity underlying sensation, movement and cognition, the CNS requires a homeostatic microenvironment that is not only enriched in nutrients to meet its high metabolic demands but that is also devoid of toxins that might harm the sensitive neural tissues. This highly regulated microenvironment is made possible by two unique features of CNS vasculature absent in the peripheral organs. First, the blood-blood barrier, which partitions the circulating blood from the CNS, acts as a gatekeeper to facilitate the selective trafficking of substances between the blood and the parenchyma. Second, neurovascular coupling ensures that, following local neural activation, regional blood flow is increased to quickly supply more nutrients and remove metabolic waste. Here, we review how neural and vascular activity act on one another with regard to these two properties.
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Ferrante F, Giaimo BD, Bartkuhn M, Zimmermann T, Close V, Mertens D, Nist A, Stiewe T, Meier-Soelch J, Kracht M, Just S, Klöble P, Oswald F, Borggrefe T. HDAC3 functions as a positive regulator in Notch signal transduction. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:3496-3512. [PMID: 32107550 PMCID: PMC7144913 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant Notch signaling plays a pivotal role in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Amplitude and duration of the Notch response is controlled by ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation of the Notch1 intracellular domain (NICD1), a hallmark of the leukemogenic process. Here, we show that HDAC3 controls NICD1 acetylation levels directly affecting NICD1 protein stability. Either genetic loss-of-function of HDAC3 or nanomolar concentrations of HDAC inhibitor apicidin lead to downregulation of Notch target genes accompanied by a local reduction of histone acetylation. Importantly, an HDAC3-insensitive NICD1 mutant is more stable but biologically less active. Collectively, these data show a new HDAC3- and acetylation-dependent mechanism that may be exploited to treat Notch1-dependent leukemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Ferrante
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Giessen, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Marek Bartkuhn
- Institute for Genetics, University of Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 58-62, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Tobias Zimmermann
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, University of Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 58-62, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Viola Close
- University Medical Center Ulm, Center for Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine III, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany.,Cooperation Unit "Mechanisms of Leukemogenesis'' (B061), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Daniel Mertens
- University Medical Center Ulm, Center for Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine III, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany.,Cooperation Unit "Mechanisms of Leukemogenesis'' (B061), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Andrea Nist
- Genomics Core Facility, Institute of Molecular Oncology, Philipps-University, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 3, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Stiewe
- Genomics Core Facility, Institute of Molecular Oncology, Philipps-University, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 3, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Johanna Meier-Soelch
- Rudolf Buchheim Institute of Pharmacology, University of Giessen, Schubertstrasse 81, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Michael Kracht
- Rudolf Buchheim Institute of Pharmacology, University of Giessen, Schubertstrasse 81, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Steffen Just
- University Medical Center Ulm, Center for Internal Medicine, Molecular Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Patricia Klöble
- University Medical Center Ulm, Center for Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine I, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Franz Oswald
- University Medical Center Ulm, Center for Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine I, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Tilman Borggrefe
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Giessen, Friedrichstrasse 24, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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SM22α + vascular mural cells are essential for vessel stability in tumors and undergo phenotype transition regulated by Notch signaling. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2020; 39:124. [PMID: 32616053 PMCID: PMC7331127 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01630-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Malformation of blood vessels represents a hallmark of cancers, but the role and regulation of vascular mural cells (vMCs), including vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMCs) and pericytes, in tumors has not been fully understood. SM22α has been identified as a marker of vSMCs. This study aims at elucidating the function and regulation of SM22α+ mural cells (SM22-MCs) in tumor stroma. Methods Gene-modified mice with a SM22α-CreERT2 transgene were employed to deplete SM22-MCs or activate/block Notch signaling in these cells. vSMCs from mouse dorsal aorta (vSMCs-DA) were cultured in vitro. RNA-seq was used to compare gene expression profiles. qRT-PCR and western blotting were used to determine gene expression level. Immunofluorescence was used to observe morphological alterations in tumors. Results SM22-MCs are essential for stabilizing tumor vasculature. Notch signaling was downregulated in tumor-derived SM22-MCs and vSMCs-DA treated with cancer cell-derived conditioned medium. Notch activation in SM22-MCs normalized tumor vasculature and repressed tumor growth. On the other hand, Notch disruption aggravated abnormal tumor vasculature and promoted growth and metastasis. Gene expression profiling of vSMCs-DA showed that Notch activation enhances their contractile phenotype and suppresses their secretory phenotype, further attenuating the invasion and proliferation of tumor cells. In contrast, Notch blockade in vSMCs-DA mitigated their contractile phenotype while strengthened the secretory phenotype. Conclusion SM22-MCs facilitate vessel stability in tumors, and they gain a secretory phenotype and promote tumor malignancy in the absence of Notch signaling.
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Figueiredo AM, Villacampa P, Diéguez-Hurtado R, José Lozano J, Kobialka P, Cortazar AR, Martinez-Romero A, Angulo-Urarte A, Franco CA, Claret M, Aransay AM, Adams RH, Carracedo A, Graupera M. Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase-Regulated Pericyte Maturation Governs Vascular Remodeling. Circulation 2020; 142:688-704. [PMID: 32466671 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.119.042354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pericytes regulate vessel stabilization and function, and their loss is associated with diseases such as diabetic retinopathy or cancer. Despite their physiological importance, pericyte function and molecular regulation during angiogenesis remain poorly understood. METHODS To decipher the transcriptomic programs of pericytes during angiogenesis, we crossed Pdgfrb(BAC)-CreERT2 mice into RiboTagflox/flox mice. Pericyte morphological changes were assessed in mural cell-specific R26-mTmG reporter mice, in which low doses of tamoxifen allowed labeling of single-cell pericytes at high resolution. To study the role of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling in pericyte biology during angiogenesis, we used genetic mouse models that allow selective inactivation of PI3Kα and PI3Kβ isoforms and their negative regulator phosphate and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) in mural cells. RESULTS At the onset of angiogenesis, pericytes exhibit molecular traits of cell proliferation and activated PI3K signaling, whereas during vascular remodeling, pericytes upregulate genes involved in mature pericyte cell function, together with a remarkable decrease in PI3K signaling. Immature pericytes showed stellate shape and high proliferation, and mature pericytes were quiescent and elongated. Unexpectedly, we demonstrate that PI3Kβ, but not PI3Kα, regulates pericyte proliferation and maturation during vessel formation. Genetic PI3Kβ inactivation in pericytes triggered early pericyte maturation. Conversely, unleashing PI3K signaling by means of PTEN deletion delayed pericyte maturation. Pericyte maturation was necessary to undergo vessel remodeling during angiogenesis. CONCLUSIONS Our results identify new molecular and morphological traits associated with pericyte maturation and uncover PI3Kβ activity as a checkpoint to ensure appropriate vessel formation. In turn, our results may open new therapeutic opportunities to regulate angiogenesis in pathological processes through the manipulation of pericyte PI3Kβ activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Figueiredo
- Vascular Biology and Signalling Group, ProCURE, Oncobell Program, Institut d´Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Gran Via de l'Hospitalet 199, 08908 L´Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain (A.M.F., P.V., P.K., A.M.-R., A.A.-U., M.G.)
| | - Pilar Villacampa
- Vascular Biology and Signalling Group, ProCURE, Oncobell Program, Institut d´Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Gran Via de l'Hospitalet 199, 08908 L´Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain (A.M.F., P.V., P.K., A.M.-R., A.A.-U., M.G.)
| | - Rodrigo Diéguez-Hurtado
- Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Münster, Germany (R.D.-H., R.H.A.)
| | - Juan José Lozano
- Bioinformatics Platform, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain (J.J.L.)
| | - Piotr Kobialka
- Vascular Biology and Signalling Group, ProCURE, Oncobell Program, Institut d´Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Gran Via de l'Hospitalet 199, 08908 L´Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain (A.M.F., P.V., P.K., A.M.-R., A.A.-U., M.G.)
| | - Ana Rosa Cortazar
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain (A.R.C., A.M.A., A.C.)
| | - Anabel Martinez-Romero
- Vascular Biology and Signalling Group, ProCURE, Oncobell Program, Institut d´Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Gran Via de l'Hospitalet 199, 08908 L´Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain (A.M.F., P.V., P.K., A.M.-R., A.A.-U., M.G.)
| | - Ana Angulo-Urarte
- Vascular Biology and Signalling Group, ProCURE, Oncobell Program, Institut d´Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Gran Via de l'Hospitalet 199, 08908 L´Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain (A.M.F., P.V., P.K., A.M.-R., A.A.-U., M.G.)
| | - Claudio A Franco
- CIBERONC (A.R.C., A.M.A., A.C., M.G.) and CIBERehd (A.M.A.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. Instituto de Medicina Molecular-João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal (C.A.F.)
| | - Marc Claret
- Neuronal Control of Metabolism Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain (M.C.)
| | - Ana María Aransay
- CIBERONC (A.R.C., A.M.A., A.C., M.G.) and CIBERehd (A.M.A.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. Instituto de Medicina Molecular-João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal (C.A.F.)
| | - Ralf H Adams
- Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Münster, Germany (R.D.-H., R.H.A.)
| | - Arkaitz Carracedo
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Derio, Spain (A.R.C., A.M.A., A.C.)
| | - Mariona Graupera
- Vascular Biology and Signalling Group, ProCURE, Oncobell Program, Institut d´Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Gran Via de l'Hospitalet 199, 08908 L´Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain (A.M.F., P.V., P.K., A.M.-R., A.A.-U., M.G.)
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Keep RF, Jones HC, Drewes LR. This was the year that was: brain barriers and brain fluid research in 2019. Fluids Barriers CNS 2020; 17:20. [PMID: 32138786 PMCID: PMC7059280 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-020-00181-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This editorial highlights advances in brain barrier and brain fluid research published in 2019, as well as addressing current controversies and pressing needs. Topics include recent advances related to: the cerebral endothelium and the neurovascular unit; the choroid plexus, arachnoid membrane; cerebrospinal fluid and the glymphatic hypothesis; the impact of disease states on brain barriers and brain fluids; drug delivery to the brain; and translation of preclinical data to the clinic. This editorial also mourns the loss of two important figures in the field, Malcolm B. Segal and Edward G. Stopa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard F. Keep
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, R5018 BSRB, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200 USA
| | | | - Lester R. Drewes
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School Duluth, Duluth, MN 55812 USA
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Jiang H, Zhang L, Liu X, Sun W, Kato K, Chen C, Li X, Li T, Sun Z, Han W, Zhang F, Xiao Q, Yang Z, Hu J, Qin Z, Adams RH, Gao X, He Y. Angiocrine FSTL1 (Follistatin-Like Protein 1) Insufficiency Leads to Atrial and Venous Wall Fibrosis via SMAD3 Activation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 40:958-972. [PMID: 32078339 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.313901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Angiocrine factors, mediating the endothelial-mural cell interaction in vascular wall construction as well as maintenance, are incompletely characterized. This study aims to investigate the role of endothelial cell-derived FSTL1 (follistatin-like protein 1) in vascular homeostasis. Approach and Results: Using conditional knockout mouse models, we show that loss of FSTL1 in endothelial cells (Fstl1ECKO) led to an increase of pulmonary vascular resistance, resulting in the heart regurgitation especially with tricuspid valves. However, this abnormality was not detected in mutant mice with Fstl1 knockout in smooth muscle cells or hematopoietic cells. We further showed that there was excessive αSMA (α-smooth muscle actin) associated with atrial endocardia, heart valves, veins, and microvessels after the endothelial FSTL1 deletion. There was also an increase in collagen deposition, as demonstrated in livers of Fstl1ECKO mutants. The SMAD3 (mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3) phosphorylation (pSMAD3) was significantly enhanced, and pSMAD3 staining was colocalized with αSMA in vein walls, suggesting the activation of TGFβ (transforming growth factor β) signaling in vascular mural cells of Fstl1ECKO mice. Consistently, treatment with a TGFβ pathway inhibitor reduced the abnormal association of αSMA with the atria and blood vessels in Fstl1ECKO mutant mice. CONCLUSIONS The findings imply that endothelial FSTL1 is critical for the homeostasis of vascular walls, and its insufficiency may favor cardiovascular fibrosis leading to heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijuan Jiang
- From the Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Cam-Su Genomic Resources Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, China (H.J., L.Z., X. Liu, C.C., X. Li, T.L., Z.S., Y.H.)
| | - Luqing Zhang
- From the Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Cam-Su Genomic Resources Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, China (H.J., L.Z., X. Liu, C.C., X. Li, T.L., Z.S., Y.H.).,MOE Key Laboratory for Model Animal and Disease Study, Model Animal Research Institute, Nanjing University, China (L.Z., W.S., W.H., F.Z., Q.X., Z.Y., X.G.)
| | - Xuelian Liu
- From the Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Cam-Su Genomic Resources Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, China (H.J., L.Z., X. Liu, C.C., X. Li, T.L., Z.S., Y.H.)
| | - Wei Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory for Model Animal and Disease Study, Model Animal Research Institute, Nanjing University, China (L.Z., W.S., W.H., F.Z., Q.X., Z.Y., X.G.).,Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, China (W.S.)
| | - Katsuhiro Kato
- Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, and University of Münster, Faculty of Medicine, Germany (K.K., R.H.A.).,Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Hospital, Japan (K.K.)
| | - Chuankai Chen
- From the Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Cam-Su Genomic Resources Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, China (H.J., L.Z., X. Liu, C.C., X. Li, T.L., Z.S., Y.H.)
| | - Xiao Li
- From the Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Cam-Su Genomic Resources Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, China (H.J., L.Z., X. Liu, C.C., X. Li, T.L., Z.S., Y.H.)
| | - Taotao Li
- From the Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Cam-Su Genomic Resources Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, China (H.J., L.Z., X. Liu, C.C., X. Li, T.L., Z.S., Y.H.)
| | - Zhiliang Sun
- From the Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Cam-Su Genomic Resources Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, China (H.J., L.Z., X. Liu, C.C., X. Li, T.L., Z.S., Y.H.)
| | - Wencan Han
- MOE Key Laboratory for Model Animal and Disease Study, Model Animal Research Institute, Nanjing University, China (L.Z., W.S., W.H., F.Z., Q.X., Z.Y., X.G.)
| | - Fujing Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Model Animal and Disease Study, Model Animal Research Institute, Nanjing University, China (L.Z., W.S., W.H., F.Z., Q.X., Z.Y., X.G.)
| | - Qi Xiao
- MOE Key Laboratory for Model Animal and Disease Study, Model Animal Research Institute, Nanjing University, China (L.Z., W.S., W.H., F.Z., Q.X., Z.Y., X.G.)
| | - Zhongzhou Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Model Animal and Disease Study, Model Animal Research Institute, Nanjing University, China (L.Z., W.S., W.H., F.Z., Q.X., Z.Y., X.G.)
| | - Junhao Hu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China (J.H.)
| | - Zhihai Qin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, China (Z.Q.)
| | - Ralf H Adams
- Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Tissue Morphogenesis, and University of Münster, Faculty of Medicine, Germany (K.K., R.H.A.)
| | - Xiang Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory for Model Animal and Disease Study, Model Animal Research Institute, Nanjing University, China (L.Z., W.S., W.H., F.Z., Q.X., Z.Y., X.G.)
| | - Yulong He
- From the Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Cam-Su Genomic Resources Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, China (H.J., L.Z., X. Liu, C.C., X. Li, T.L., Z.S., Y.H.)
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Schaffenrath J, Keller A. New Insights in the Complexity and Functionality of the Neurovascular Unit. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2020; 273:33-57. [PMID: 33582883 DOI: 10.1007/164_2020_424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The neurovascular unit (NVU) encompasses all brain cells and underlines that neurons, glia and brain vasculature are in intimate physical and functional association. Brain function is dependent on blood flow and local increases in blood flow in response to neural activity - functional hyperaemia takes place at the NVU. Although this is a vital function of the NVU, many studies have demonstrated that the NVU also performs other tasks. Blood vessels in the brain, which are composed of multiple cell types, are essential for correct brain development. They constitute the niche for brain stem cells, sense the environment and communicate changes to neural tissue, and control the immune quiescence of the CNS. In this brief chapter we will discuss new insights into the biology of NVU, which have further revealed the heterogeneity and complexity of the vascular tree and its neurovascular associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Schaffenrath
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Center, Zurich Neuroscience Center, Zurich University Hospital, Zurich University, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Annika Keller
- Department of Neurosurgery, Clinical Neuroscience Center, Zurich Neuroscience Center, Zurich University Hospital, Zurich University, Zurich, Switzerland.
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50
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Kofler N, Naiche LA, Zimmerman LD, Kitajewski JK. Inhibition of Jagged-Specific Notch Activation Reduces Luteal Angiogenesis and Causes Luteal Hemorrhaging of Hormonally Stimulated Ovaries. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2019; 2:325-332. [PMID: 32259066 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.9b00050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Robust angiogenesis in the corpus luteum is critical for maintenance of pregnancy and thus mammalian female fertility. During angiogenesis, blood vessels sprout from pre-existing vasculature and recruit pericytes to induce maturation and vessel quiescence. Pericytes are associated with capillaries and regulate endothelial cell proliferation, vessel diameter, and vascular permeability. Endothelial induction of Notch signaling in adjacent pericytes helps recruit and maintain pericyte coverage in some but not all tissue types. We have employed a Notch decoy, N110-24, which blocks Notch signaling in a ligand-specific manner, and determined that pharmacological inhibition of Notch ligand Jagged blocks luteal angiogenesis after normal ovulation, resulting in reduced luteal vasculature. Conversely, after ovarian hyperstimulation, a condition which occurs during fertility treatments, Jagged inhibition causes vascular dilation and hemorrhage. These results indicate that Jagged inhibition has effects in different ovarian angiogenic conditions, promoting vascular growth in the corpus luteum and vascular stability in hyperstimulated ovaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Kofler
- Institute for Sustainability, Energy, and the Environment, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.,Integrated Program Cellular, Molecular, and Biomedical Studies, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - L A Naiche
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois, 835 South Wolcott Avenue, Room 204L, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States
| | - Lilli D Zimmerman
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, United States.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, United States
| | - Jan K Kitajewski
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois, 835 South Wolcott Avenue, Room 204L, Chicago, Illinois 60612, United States.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, United States
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