1
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Schöbel A, Pinho Dos Reis V, Burkhard R, Hehner J, Schneider L, Schauflinger M, Vieyres G, Herker E. Inhibition of sterol O-acyltransferase 1 blocks Zika virus infection in cell lines and cerebral organoids. Commun Biol 2024; 7:1089. [PMID: 39237833 PMCID: PMC11377701 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06776-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Viruses depend on host metabolic pathways and flaviviruses are specifically linked to lipid metabolism. During dengue virus infection lipid droplets are degraded to fuel replication and Zika virus (ZIKV) infection depends on triglyceride biosynthesis. Here, we systematically investigated the neutral lipid-synthesizing enzymes diacylglycerol O-acyltransferases (DGAT) and the sterol O-acyltransferase (SOAT) 1 in orthoflavivirus infection. Downregulation of DGAT1 and SOAT1 compromises ZIKV infection in hepatoma cells but only SOAT1 and not DGAT inhibitor treatment reduces ZIKV infection. DGAT1 interacts with the ZIKV capsid protein, indicating that protein interaction might be required for ZIKV replication. Importantly, inhibition of SOAT1 severely impairs ZIKV infection in neural cell culture models and cerebral organoids. SOAT1 inhibitor treatment decreases extracellular viral RNA and E protein level and lowers the specific infectivity of virions, indicating that ZIKV morphogenesis is compromised, likely due to accumulation of free cholesterol. Our findings provide insights into the importance of cholesterol and cholesterol ester balance for efficient ZIKV replication and implicate SOAT1 as an antiviral target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Schöbel
- Institute of Virology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Rabea Burkhard
- Institute of Virology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Julia Hehner
- Institute of Virology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Laura Schneider
- Institute of Virology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Gabrielle Vieyres
- Institute of Virology and Cell Biology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Eva Herker
- Institute of Virology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
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2
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Pereira-Carvalho D, Chagas Valim AC, Borba Vieira Andrade C, Bloise E, Fontes Dias A, Muller Oliveira Nascimento V, Silva Alves RK, Dos Santos RC, Lopes Brum F, Gomes Medeiros I, Antunes Coelho SV, Barros Arruda L, Regina Todeschini A, Barbosa Dias W, Ortiga-Carvalho TM. Sex-specific effect of antenatal Zika virus infection on murine fetal growth, placental nutrient transporters, and nutrient sensor signaling pathways. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23799. [PMID: 38979938 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202301951rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Maternal Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy has been associated with severe intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), placental damage, metabolism disturbances, and newborn neurological abnormalities. Here, we investigated the impact of maternal ZIKV infection on placental nutrient transporters and nutrient-sensitive pathways. Immunocompetent (C57BL/6) mice were injected with Low (103 PFU-ZIKVPE243) or High (5 × 107 PFU-ZIKVPE243) ZIKV titers at gestational day (GD) 12.5, and tissue was collected at GD18.5 (term). Fetal-placental growth was impaired in male fetuses, which exhibited higher placental expression of the ZIKV infective marker, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 (eIF2α), but lower levels of phospho-eIF2α. There were no differences in fetal-placental growth in female fetuses, which exhibited no significant alterations in placental ZIKV infective markers. Furthermore, ZIKV promoted increased expression of glucose transporter type 1 (Slc2a1/Glut1) and decreased levels of glucose-6-phosphate in female placentae, with no differences in amino acid transport potential. In contrast, ZIKV did not impact glucose transporters in male placentae but downregulated sodium-coupled neutral amino acid 2 (Snat2) transporter expression. We also observed sex-dependent differences in the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway (HBP) and O-GlcNAcylation in ZIKV-infected pregnancies, showing that ZIKV can disturb placental nutrient sensing. Our findings highlight molecular alterations in the placenta caused by maternal ZIKV infection, shedding light on nutrient transport, sensing, and availability. Our results also suggest that female and male placentae employ distinct coping mechanisms in response to ZIKV-induced metabolic changes, providing insights into therapeutic approaches for congenital Zika syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Pereira-Carvalho
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Enrrico Bloise
- Departamento de Morfologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Department of Physiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ariane Fontes Dias
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Rakel Kelly Silva Alves
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ronan Christian Dos Santos
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Felipe Lopes Brum
- Instituto do Cérebro, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | | | | | - Luciana Barros Arruda
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adriane Regina Todeschini
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Wagner Barbosa Dias
- Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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3
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Muthukumaran R, Sankararamakrishnan R. Differences in the Membrane-Binding Properties of Flaviviral Nonstructural 1 (NS1) Protein: Comparative Simulations of Zika and Dengue Virus NS1 Proteins in Explicit Bilayers. ACS BIO & MED CHEM AU 2024; 4:137-153. [PMID: 38911907 PMCID: PMC11191575 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomedchemau.3c00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
NS1 in flaviviruses is the only nonstructural protein that is secretory and interacts with different cellular components of the host cell membrane. NS1 is localized in the ER as a dimer to facilitate viral replication. Crystal structures of NS1 homologues from zika (ZIKV) and dengue (DENV) viruses have revealed the organization of different domains in NS1 dimers. The β-roll and the connector and intertwined loop regions of wing domains of NS1 have been shown to interact with the membranes. In this study, we have performed multiple molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of ZIKV and DENV NS1 systems in apo and in POPE bilayers with different cholesterol concentrations (0, 20 and 40%). The NS1 protein was placed just above the membrane surface, and for each NS1-membrane system two to three independent simulations with 600 ns production run were performed. At the end of the production runs, ZIKV NS1 inserts deeper inside the membrane compared to the DENV counterpart. Unlike ZIKV NS1, the orientation of DENV NS1 is asymmetric in which one of the chains in the dimer interacts with the membrane while the other is more exposed to the solvent. The β-roll region in ZIKV NS1 penetrates beyond the headgroup region and interacts with the lipid acyl chains while the C-terminal region barely interacts with the headgroup. Specific residues in the intertwined region deeply penetrate inside the membrane. The role of charged and aromatic residues of ZIKV NS1 in strongly interacting with the membrane components is revealed. The presence of cholesterol affects the extent of insertion in the membrane and interaction of individual residues. Overall, membrane-binding properties of ZIKV NS1 significantly differ from its counterpart in DENV. The differences found in the binding and insertion of NS1 can be used to design drugs and novel antibodies that can be flavivirus specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajagopalan Muthukumaran
- Department
of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
| | - Ramasubbu Sankararamakrishnan
- Department
of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
- Mehta
Family Center for Engineering in Medicine, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur 208016, India
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4
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Azamor T, Cunha DP, Nobre Pires KS, Lira Tanabe EL, Melgaço JG, Vieira da Silva AM, Ribeiro-Alves M, Calvo TL, Tubarão LN, da Silva J, Fernandes CB, Fonseca de Souza A, Torrentes de Carvalho A, Avvad-Portari E, da Cunha Guida L, Gomes L, Lopes Moreira ME, Dinis Ano Bom AP, Cristina da Costa Neves P, Missailidis S, Vasconcelos Z, Borbely AU, Moraes MO. Decidual production of interferon lambda in response to ZIKV persistence: Clinical evidence and in vitro modelling. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30613. [PMID: 38737240 PMCID: PMC11087979 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infections during pregnancy can result in Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS), a range of severe neurological outcomes in fetuses that primarily occur during early gestational stages possibly due to placental damage. Although some placentas can maintain ZIKV persistence for weeks or months after the initial infection and diagnosis, the impact of this viral persistence is still unknown. Here, we aimed to investigate the immunological repercussion of ZIKV persistence in term placentas. As such, term placentas from 64 pregnant women diagnosed with Zika in different gestational periods were analyzed by ZIKV RT-qPCR, examination of decidua and placental villous histopathology, and expression of inflammation-related genes and IFNL1-4. Subsequently, we explored primary cultures of term decidual Extravillous Trophoblasts (EVTs) and Term Chorionic Villi (TCV) explants, as in vitro models to access the immunological consequences of placental ZIKV infection. Placenta from CZS cases presented low IFNL1-4 expression, evidencing the critical protective role of theses cytokines in the clinical outcome. Term placentas cleared for ZIKV showed increased levels of IFNL1, 3, and 4, whether viral persistence was related with a proinflammatory profile. Conversely, upon ZIKV persistence placentas with decidual inflammation showed high IFNL1-4 levels. In vitro experiments showed that term EVTs are more permissive, and secreted higher levels of IFN-α2 and IFN-λ1 compared to TCV explants. The results suggest that, upon ZIKV persistence, the maternal-skewed decidua contributes to placental inflammatory and antiviral signature, through chronic deciduitis and IFNL upregulation. Although further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the decidual responses against ZIKV. Hence, this study presents unique insights and valuable in vitro models for evaluating the immunological landscape of placentas upon ZIKV persistence.
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5
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Velazquez-Cervantes MA, López-Ortega O, Cruz-Holguín VJ, Herrera Moro-Huitron L, Flores-Pliego A, Lara-Hernandez I, Comas-García M, Villavicencio-Carrisoza O, Helguera-Reppeto AC, Arévalo-Romero H, Vázquez-Martínez ER, León-Juárez M. Metformin Inhibits Zika Virus Infection in Trophoblast Cell Line. Curr Microbiol 2024; 81:133. [PMID: 38592489 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-024-03651-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infections have been associated with severe clinical outcomes, which may include neurological manifestations, especially in newborns with intrauterine infection. However, licensed vaccines and specific antiviral agents are not yet available. Therefore, a safe and low-cost therapy is required, especially for pregnant women. In this regard, metformin, an FDA-approved drug used to treat gestational diabetes, has previously exhibited an anti-ZIKA effect in vitro in HUVEC cells by activating AMPK. In this study, we evaluated metformin treatment during ZIKV infection in vitro in a JEG3-permissive trophoblast cell line. Our results demonstrate that metformin affects viral replication and protein synthesis and reverses cytoskeletal changes promoted by ZIKV infection. In addition, it reduces lipid droplet formation, which is associated with lipogenic activation of infection. Taken together, our results indicate that metformin has potential as an antiviral agent against ZIKV infection in vitro in trophoblast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Adrían Velazquez-Cervantes
- Laboratorio de Virología Perinatal y Diseño Molecular de Antigenos y Biomarcadores, Departamento de Inmunobioquimica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, 11000, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Orestes López-Ortega
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Victor Javier Cruz-Holguín
- Laboratorio de Virología Perinatal y Diseño Molecular de Antigenos y Biomarcadores, Departamento de Inmunobioquimica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, 11000, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis Herrera Moro-Huitron
- Laboratorio de Virología Perinatal y Diseño Molecular de Antigenos y Biomarcadores, Departamento de Inmunobioquimica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, 11000, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Arturo Flores-Pliego
- Departamento de Inmunobioquimica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, 11000, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ignacio Lara-Hernandez
- Sección de Microscopía de Alta Resolución, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Universidad Atunóma de San Luis Potrosí, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
| | - Mauricio Comas-García
- Sección de Microscopía de Alta Resolución, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Universidad Atunóma de San Luis Potrosí, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, SLP, Mexico
| | | | - Addy Cecilia Helguera-Reppeto
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1151, Institut Necker Enfants Malades, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Haruki Arévalo-Romero
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y Microbiología Molecular, División Académica Multidisciplinaria de Jalpa de Méndez, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Jalpa de Méndez, Mexico
| | - Edgar Ricardo Vázquez-Martínez
- Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 11000, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Moises León-Juárez
- Laboratorio de Virología Perinatal y Diseño Molecular de Antigenos y Biomarcadores, Departamento de Inmunobioquimica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, 11000, Mexico City, Mexico.
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6
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Sosa-Acosta P, Quiñones-Vega M, Guedes JDS, Rocha D, Guida L, Vasconcelos Z, Nogueira FCS, Domont GB. Multiomics Approach Reveals Serum Biomarker Candidates for Congenital Zika Syndrome. J Proteome Res 2024; 23:1200-1220. [PMID: 38390744 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The Zika virus (ZIKV) can be vertically transmitted, causing congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) in fetuses. ZIKV infection in early gestational trimesters increases the chances of developing CZS. This syndrome involves several pathologies with a complex diagnosis. In this work, we aim to identify biological processes and molecular pathways related to CZS and propose a series of putative protein and metabolite biomarkers for CZS prognosis in early pregnancy trimesters. We analyzed serum samples of healthy pregnant women and ZIKV-infected pregnant women bearing nonmicrocephalic and microcephalic fetuses. A total of 1090 proteins and 512 metabolites were identified by bottom-up proteomics and untargeted metabolomics, respectively. Univariate and multivariate statistical approaches were applied to find CZS differentially abundant proteins (DAP) and metabolites (DAM). Enrichment analysis (i.e., biological processes and molecular pathways) of the DAP and the DAM allowed us to identify the ECM organization and proteoglycans, amino acid metabolism, and arachidonic acid metabolism as CZS signatures. Five proteins and four metabolites were selected as CZS biomarker candidates. Serum multiomics analysis led us to propose nine putative biomarkers for CZS prognosis with high sensitivity and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Sosa-Acosta
- Proteomics Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil
- Laboratory of Proteomics (LabProt), LADETEC, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-598, Brazil
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Quiñones-Vega
- Proteomics Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil
- Laboratory of Proteomics (LabProt), LADETEC, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-598, Brazil
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Jéssica de S Guedes
- Proteomics Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil
- Laboratory of Proteomics (LabProt), LADETEC, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-598, Brazil
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Danielle Rocha
- Fernandes Figueira Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 22250-020, Brazil
| | - Letícia Guida
- Fernandes Figueira Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 22250-020, Brazil
| | | | - Fábio C S Nogueira
- Proteomics Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil
- Laboratory of Proteomics (LabProt), LADETEC, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-598, Brazil
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Gilberto B Domont
- Proteomics Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-909, Brazil
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
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7
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Hsia JZ, Liu D, Haynes L, Cruz-Cosme R, Tang Q. Lipid Droplets: Formation, Degradation, and Their Role in Cellular Responses to Flavivirus Infections. Microorganisms 2024; 12:647. [PMID: 38674592 PMCID: PMC11051834 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are cellular organelles derived from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), serving as lipid storage sites crucial for maintaining cellular lipid homeostasis. Recent attention has been drawn to their roles in viral replication and their interactions with viruses. However, the precise biological functions of LDs in viral replication and pathogenesis remain incompletely understood. To elucidate the interaction between LDs and viruses, it is imperative to comprehend the biogenesis of LDs and their dynamic interactions with other organelles. In this review, we explore the intricate pathways involved in LD biogenies within the cytoplasm, encompassing the uptake of fatty acid from nutrients facilitated by CD36-mediated membranous protein (FABP/FATP)-FA complexes, and FA synthesis via glycolysis in the cytoplasm and the TCL cycle in mitochondria. While LD biogenesis primarily occurs in the ER, matured LDs are intricately linked to multiple organelles. Viral infections can lead to diverse consequences in terms of LD status within cells post-infection, potentially involving the breakdown of LDs through the activation of lipophagy. However, the exact mechanisms underlying LD destruction or accumulation by viruses remain elusive. The significance of LDs in viral replication renders them effective targets for developing broad-spectrum antivirals. Moreover, considering that reducing neutral lipids in LDs is a strategy for anti-obesity treatment, LD depletion may not pose harm to cells. This presents LDs as promising antiviral targets for developing therapeutics that are minimally or non-toxic to the host.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Qiyi Tang
- Department of Microbiology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC 20059, USA; (J.Z.H.); (D.L.); (L.H.); (R.C.-C.)
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8
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Duparc T, Gore E, Combes G, Beuzelin D, Pires Da Silva J, Bouguetoch V, Marquès MA, Velazquez A, Viguerie N, Tavernier G, Arner P, Rydén M, Langin D, Sioufi N, Nasser M, Cabou C, Najib S, Martinez LO. P2Y13 receptor deficiency favors adipose tissue lipolysis and worsens insulin resistance and fatty liver disease. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e175623. [PMID: 38470490 PMCID: PMC11141875 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.175623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Excessive lipolysis in white adipose tissue (WAT) leads to insulin resistance (IR) and ectopic fat accumulation in insulin-sensitive tissues. However, the impact of Gi-coupled receptors in restraining adipocyte lipolysis through inhibition of cAMP production remained poorly elucidated. Given that the Gi-coupled P2Y13 receptor (P2Y13-R) is a purinergic receptor expressed in WAT, we investigated its role in adipocyte lipolysis and its effect on IR and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). In humans, mRNA expression of P2Y13-R in WAT was negatively correlated to adipocyte lipolysis. In mice, adipocytes lacking P2Y13-R displayed higher intracellular cAMP levels, indicating impaired Gi signaling. Consistently, the absence of P2Y13-R was linked to increased lipolysis in adipocytes and WAT explants via hormone-sensitive lipase activation. Metabolic studies indicated that mice lacking P2Y13-R showed a greater susceptibility to diet-induced IR, systemic inflammation, and MASLD compared with their wild-type counterparts. Assays conducted on precision-cut liver slices exposed to WAT conditioned medium and on liver-specific P2Y13-R-knockdown mice suggested that P2Y13-R activity in WAT protects from hepatic steatosis, independently of liver P2Y13-R expression. In conclusion, our findings support the idea that targeting adipose P2Y13-R activity may represent a pharmacological strategy to prevent obesity-associated disorders, including type 2 diabetes and MASLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaut Duparc
- LiMitAging, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), University of Toulouse, INSERM, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), UMR1297, Toulouse, France
| | - Emilia Gore
- LiMitAging, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), University of Toulouse, INSERM, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), UMR1297, Toulouse, France
| | - Guillaume Combes
- LiMitAging, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), University of Toulouse, INSERM, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), UMR1297, Toulouse, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire HealthAge, (IHU HealthAge), INSERM, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Diane Beuzelin
- LiMitAging, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), University of Toulouse, INSERM, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), UMR1297, Toulouse, France
- Lifesearch SAS, Toulouse, France
| | - Julie Pires Da Silva
- LiMitAging, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), University of Toulouse, INSERM, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), UMR1297, Toulouse, France
| | - Vanessa Bouguetoch
- LiMitAging, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), University of Toulouse, INSERM, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), UMR1297, Toulouse, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire HealthAge, (IHU HealthAge), INSERM, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
- Lifesearch SAS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Ana Velazquez
- LiMitAging, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), University of Toulouse, INSERM, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), UMR1297, Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Viguerie
- MetaDiab, I2MC, University of Toulouse, INSERM, UPS, UMR1297, Toulouse, France
| | - Geneviève Tavernier
- MetaDiab, I2MC, University of Toulouse, INSERM, UPS, UMR1297, Toulouse, France
| | - Peter Arner
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mikael Rydén
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dominique Langin
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire HealthAge, (IHU HealthAge), INSERM, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
- MetaDiab, I2MC, University of Toulouse, INSERM, UPS, UMR1297, Toulouse, France
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
| | - Nabil Sioufi
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire HealthAge, (IHU HealthAge), INSERM, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
- Lifesearch SAS, Toulouse, France
| | - Mohamad Nasser
- LiMitAging, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), University of Toulouse, INSERM, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), UMR1297, Toulouse, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire HealthAge, (IHU HealthAge), INSERM, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Cendrine Cabou
- LiMitAging, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), University of Toulouse, INSERM, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), UMR1297, Toulouse, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire HealthAge, (IHU HealthAge), INSERM, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Souad Najib
- LiMitAging, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), University of Toulouse, INSERM, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), UMR1297, Toulouse, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire HealthAge, (IHU HealthAge), INSERM, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent O. Martinez
- LiMitAging, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases (I2MC), University of Toulouse, INSERM, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UPS), UMR1297, Toulouse, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire HealthAge, (IHU HealthAge), INSERM, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
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9
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Zeng B, Li Y, Xia J, Xiao Y, Khan N, Jiang B, Liang Y, Duan L. Micro Trojan horses: Engineering extracellular vesicles crossing biological barriers for drug delivery. Bioeng Transl Med 2024; 9:e10623. [PMID: 38435823 PMCID: PMC10905561 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The biological barriers of the body, such as the blood-brain, placental, intestinal, skin, and air-blood, protect against invading viruses and bacteria while providing necessary physical support. However, these barriers also hinder the delivery of drugs to target tissues, reducing their therapeutic efficacy. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), nanostructures with a diameter ranging from 30 nm to 10 μm secreted by cells, offer a potential solution to this challenge. These natural vesicles can effectively pass through various biological barriers, facilitating intercellular communication. As a result, artificially engineered EVs that mimic or are superior to the natural ones have emerged as a promising drug delivery vehicle, capable of delivering drugs to almost any body part to treat various diseases. This review first provides an overview of the formation and cross-species uptake of natural EVs from different organisms, including animals, plants, and bacteria. Later, it explores the current clinical applications, perspectives, and challenges associated with using engineered EVs as a drug delivery platform. Finally, it aims to inspire further research to help bioengineered EVs effectively cross biological barriers to treat diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zeng
- Graduate SchoolGuangxi University of Chinese MedicineNanningGuangxiChina
- Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Intelligent Orthopaedics and Biomedical Innovation Platform, Guangdong Artificial Intelligence Biomedical Innovation Platform, Shenzhen Second People's Hospitalthe First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen UniversityShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Intelligent Orthopaedics and Biomedical Innovation Platform, Guangdong Artificial Intelligence Biomedical Innovation Platform, Shenzhen Second People's Hospitalthe First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen UniversityShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Jiang Xia
- Department of ChemistryThe Chinese University of Hong Kong, ShatinHong Kong SARChina
| | - Yin Xiao
- School of Medicine and Dentistry & Menzies Health Institute Queensland, SouthportGold CoastQueenslandAustralia
| | - Nawaz Khan
- Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Intelligent Orthopaedics and Biomedical Innovation Platform, Guangdong Artificial Intelligence Biomedical Innovation Platform, Shenzhen Second People's Hospitalthe First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen UniversityShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Bin Jiang
- Graduate SchoolGuangxi University of Chinese MedicineNanningGuangxiChina
- R&D Division, Eureka Biotech Inc, PhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Yujie Liang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Shenzhen Kangning HospitalShenzhen Mental Health Center, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Psychological Healthcare and Shenzhen Institute of Mental HealthShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Li Duan
- Graduate SchoolGuangxi University of Chinese MedicineNanningGuangxiChina
- Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Intelligent Orthopaedics and Biomedical Innovation Platform, Guangdong Artificial Intelligence Biomedical Innovation Platform, Shenzhen Second People's Hospitalthe First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen UniversityShenzhenGuangdongChina
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10
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Tan YJ, Jin Y, Zhou J, Yang YF. Lipid droplets in pathogen infection and host immunity. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2024; 45:449-464. [PMID: 37993536 PMCID: PMC10834987 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-023-01189-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
As the hub of cellular lipid metabolism, lipid droplets (LDs) have been linked to a variety of biological processes. During pathogen infection, the biogenesis, composition, and functions of LDs are tightly regulated. The accumulation of LDs has been described as a hallmark of pathogen infection and is thought to be driven by pathogens for their own benefit. Recent studies have revealed that LDs and their subsequent lipid mediators contribute to effective immunological responses to pathogen infection by promoting host stress tolerance and reducing toxicity. In this comprehensive review, we delve into the intricate roles of LDs in governing the replication and assembly of a wide spectrum of pathogens within host cells. We also discuss the regulatory function of LDs in host immunity and highlight the potential for targeting LDs for the diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Jie Tan
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Yi Jin
- Research Center of Translational Medicine, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250013, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Center for Cell Structure and Function, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Cell Biology in Universities of Shandong, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, 250014, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Yun-Fan Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
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11
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Feng H, Zhang J, Zhang K, Wang X, Guo Z, Wang L, Li J. Synergistic anti-infectious bronchitis virus activity of Phillygenin combined Baicalin by modulating respiratory microbiota and improving metabolic disorders. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103371. [PMID: 38150830 PMCID: PMC10788278 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Phillygenin (PHI) and Baicalin (Bai) are the major chemical ingredients extracted from Forsythia suspensa and Scutellaria baicalensis, respectively. The mixture of Forsythia suspensa and Scutellaria baicalensis according to the theories of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, compounded formulation can effectively exert heat-clearing and detoxifying effect, but the synergistic anti-IBV activity of PHI combined with Bai was unclear. Here, the protection of PHI combined with Bai on avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) M41 infection and the change of respiratory microbiota and metabolomics profiles in broilers that infected with IBV were investigated. According to the experimental findings, the combination of PHI and Bai effectively alleviated broilers' slowing-growth weight and respiratory symptoms. This was accompanied by a reduction in viral copies and histopathological changes, as well as an increase of antiviral protein (G3BP1) level in tracheas and anti-IBV antibody levels in serum. In addition, 16s RNA sequencing revealed that IBV infection significantly changed respiratory microbiota composition at different taxonomic levels and respiratory metabolism composition in broilers. Interestingly, PHI combined with Bai modulated the composition of respiratory microfloras, especially the abundance of Firmicutes and Lactobacillaceae were upregulated, as well as the abundance of Proteobacteria was downregulated. The metabolomics results indicated that PHI combined with Bai involved in glucose, lipids, amino acids and nucleotide metabolism during IBV infection. In summary, PHI combined with Bai exhibited a synergistic effect on preventing infectious bronchitis (IB), with the protection being closely associated with the composition of respiratory microbiota and metabolites. Therefore, adding the mixture of PHI and Bai to the chicken drinking water is recommended to prevent and control IB in clinical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haipeng Feng
- Engineering & Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, China
| | - Jingyan Zhang
- Engineering & Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, China
| | - Kang Zhang
- Engineering & Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, China
| | - Xuezhi Wang
- Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730046, China
| | - Zhiting Guo
- Engineering & Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Engineering & Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, China
| | - Jianxi Li
- Engineering & Technology Research Center of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, China.
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12
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Bryan EE, Bode NM, Chen X, Burris ES, Johnson DC, Dilger RN, Dilger AC. The effect of chronic, non-pathogenic maternal immune activation on offspring postnatal muscle and immune outcomes. J Anim Sci 2024; 102:skad424. [PMID: 38189595 PMCID: PMC10794819 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective was to determine the effects of maternal inflammation on offspring muscle development and postnatal innate immune response. Sixteen first-parity gilts were randomly allotted to repeated intravenous injections with lipopolysaccharide (LPS; n = 8, treatment code INFLAM) or comparable volume of phosphate buffered saline (CON, n = 8). Injections took place every other day from gestational day (GD) 70 to GD 84 with an initial dose of 10 μg LPS/kg body weight (BW) increasing by 12% each time to prevent endotoxin tolerance. On GD 70, 76, and 84, blood was collected at 0 and 4 h postinjection via jugular or ear venipuncture to determine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β concentrations. After farrowing, litter mortality was recorded, and the pig closest to litter BW average was used for dissection and muscle fiber characterization. On weaning (postnatal day [PND] 21), pigs were weighed individually and 2 barrows closest to litter BW average were selected for another study. The third barrow closest to litter BW average was selected for the postnatal LPS challenge. On PND 52, pigs were given 5 μg LPS/kg BW via intraperitoneal injection, and blood was collected at 0, 4, and 8 h postinjection to determine TNF-α concentration. INFLAM gilt TNF-α concentration increased (P < 0.01) 4 h postinjection compared to 0 h postinjection, while CON gilt TNF-α concentration did not differ between time points. INFLAM gilt IL-6 and IL-1β concentrations increased (P = 0.03) 4 h postinjection compared to 0 h postinjection on GD 70, but did not differ between time points on GD 76 and 84. There were no differences between INFLAM and CON gilts litter mortality outcomes (P ≥ 0.13), but INFLAM pigs were smaller (P = 0.04) at birth and tended (P = 0.09) to be smaller at weaning. Muscle and organ weights did not differ (P ≥ 0.17) between treatments, with the exception of semitendinosus, which was smaller (P < 0.01) in INFLAM pigs. INFLAM pigs tended (P = 0.06) to have larger type I fibers. INFLAM pig TNF-α concentration did not differ across time, while CON pig TNF-α concentration peaked (P = 0.01) 4 h postinjection. TNF-α concentration did not differ between treatments at 0 and 8 h postinjection, but CON pigs had increased (P = 0.01) TNF-α compared to INFLAM pigs 4 h postinjection. Overall, maternal immune activation did not alter pig muscle development, but resulted in suppressed innate immune activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Bryan
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
| | - Nick M Bode
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
| | - Xuenan Chen
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
| | - Elli S Burris
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
| | - Danielle C Johnson
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
| | - Ryan N Dilger
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
| | - Anna C Dilger
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, USA
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13
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Calado AM, Seixas F, Dos Anjos Pires M. Virus as Teratogenic Agents. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2753:105-142. [PMID: 38285335 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3625-1_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Viral infectious diseases are important causes of reproductive disorders, as abortion, fetal mummification, embryonic mortality, stillbirth, and congenital abnormalities in animals and in humans. In this chapter, we provide an overview of some virus, as important agents in teratology.We begin by describing the Zika virus, whose infection in humans had a very significant impact in recent years and has been associated with major health problems worldwide. This virus is a teratogenic agent in humans and has been classified as a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC).Then, some viruses associated with reproductive abnormalities on animals, which have a significant economic impact on livestock, are described, as bovine herpesvirus, bovine viral diarrhea virus, Schmallenberg virus, Akabane virus, and Aino virus.For all viruses mentioned in this chapter, the teratogenic effects and the congenital malformations associated with fetus and newborn are described, according to the most recent scientific publications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Margarida Calado
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), UTAD, and Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4Animals), Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences (ECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Seixas
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), UTAD, and Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4Animals), Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences (ECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Maria Dos Anjos Pires
- Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), UTAD, and Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4Animals), Department of Veterinary Sciences, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences (ECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal.
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14
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Sosa-Acosta P, Nogueira FCS, Domont GB. Proteomics and Metabolomics in Congenital Zika Syndrome: A Review of Molecular Insights and Biomarker Discovery. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1443:63-85. [PMID: 38409416 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-50624-6_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection can be transmitted vertically, leading to the development of congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) in infected fetuses. During the early stages of gestation, the fetuses face an elevated risk of developing CZS. However, it is important to note that late-stage infections can also result in adverse outcomes. The differences between CZS and non-CZS phenotypes remain poorly understood. In this review, we provide a summary of the molecular mechanisms underlying ZIKV infection and placental and blood-brain barriers trespassing. Also, we have included molecular alterations that elucidate the progression of CZS by proteomics and metabolomics studies. Lastly, this review comprises investigations into body fluid samples, which have aided to identify potential biomarkers associated with CZS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Sosa-Acosta
- Proteomics Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratory of Proteomics (LabProt), LADETEC, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fábio C S Nogueira
- Proteomics Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Proteomics (LabProt), LADETEC, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Gilberto B Domont
- Proteomics Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- Precision Medicine Research Center, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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15
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El Safadi D, Lebeau G, Turpin J, Lefebvre d’Hellencourt C, Diotel N, Viranaicken W, Krejbich-Trotot P. The Antiviral Potential of AdipoRon, an Adiponectin Receptor Agonist, Reveals the Ability of Zika Virus to Deregulate Adiponectin Receptor Expression. Viruses 2023; 16:24. [PMID: 38257725 PMCID: PMC10820441 DOI: 10.3390/v16010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a pathogenic member of the flavivirus family, with several unique characteristics. Unlike any other arbovirus, ZIKV can be transmitted sexually and maternally, and thus produce congenital syndromes (CZS) due to its neurotropism. This challenges the search for safe active molecules that can protect pregnant women and their fetuses. In this context, and in the absence of any existing treatment, it seemed worthwhile to test whether the known cytoprotective properties of adiponectin and its pharmacological analog, AdipoRon, could influence the outcome of ZIKV infection. We showed that both AdipoRon and adiponectin could significantly reduce the in vitro infection of A549 epithelial cells, a well-known cell model for flavivirus infection studies. This effect was particularly observed when a pre-treatment was carried out. Conversely, ZIKV revealed an ability to downregulate adiponectin receptor expression and thereby limit adiponectin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daed El Safadi
- Unité Mixte Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, Université de la Réunion, INSERM U1187, CNRS UMR 9192, IRD UMR 249, 94791 Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France; (D.E.S.); (G.L.); (J.T.)
| | - Grégorie Lebeau
- Unité Mixte Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, Université de la Réunion, INSERM U1187, CNRS UMR 9192, IRD UMR 249, 94791 Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France; (D.E.S.); (G.L.); (J.T.)
| | - Jonathan Turpin
- Unité Mixte Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, Université de la Réunion, INSERM U1187, CNRS UMR 9192, IRD UMR 249, 94791 Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France; (D.E.S.); (G.L.); (J.T.)
- UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothombose Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Campus Santé Université de la Réunion, Université de La Réunion, INSERM, 77 Avenue du Docteur Jean-Marie Dambreville, 97410 Saint-Pierre, La Réunion, France; (C.L.d.); (N.D.)
| | - Christian Lefebvre d’Hellencourt
- UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothombose Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Campus Santé Université de la Réunion, Université de La Réunion, INSERM, 77 Avenue du Docteur Jean-Marie Dambreville, 97410 Saint-Pierre, La Réunion, France; (C.L.d.); (N.D.)
| | - Nicolas Diotel
- UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothombose Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Campus Santé Université de la Réunion, Université de La Réunion, INSERM, 77 Avenue du Docteur Jean-Marie Dambreville, 97410 Saint-Pierre, La Réunion, France; (C.L.d.); (N.D.)
| | - Wildriss Viranaicken
- Unité Mixte Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, Université de la Réunion, INSERM U1187, CNRS UMR 9192, IRD UMR 249, 94791 Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France; (D.E.S.); (G.L.); (J.T.)
- UMR 1188 Diabète Athérothombose Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Campus Santé Université de la Réunion, Université de La Réunion, INSERM, 77 Avenue du Docteur Jean-Marie Dambreville, 97410 Saint-Pierre, La Réunion, France; (C.L.d.); (N.D.)
| | - Pascale Krejbich-Trotot
- Unité Mixte Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, Université de la Réunion, INSERM U1187, CNRS UMR 9192, IRD UMR 249, 94791 Sainte Clotilde, La Réunion, France; (D.E.S.); (G.L.); (J.T.)
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16
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Camacho-Concha N, Santana-Román ME, Sánchez NC, Velasco I, Pando-Robles V, Pedraza-Alva G, Pérez-Martínez L. Insights into Zika Virus Pathogenesis and Potential Therapeutic Strategies. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3316. [PMID: 38137537 PMCID: PMC10741857 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) has emerged as a significant public health threat, reaching pandemic levels in 2016. Human infection with ZIKV can manifest as either asymptomatic or as an acute illness characterized by symptoms such as fever and headache. Moreover, it has been associated with severe neurological complications in adults, including Guillain-Barre syndrome, and devastating fetal abnormalities, like microcephaly. The primary mode of transmission is through Aedes spp. mosquitoes, and with half of the world's population residing in regions where Aedes aegypti, the principal vector, thrives, the reemergence of ZIKV remains a concern. This comprehensive review provides insights into the pathogenesis of ZIKV and highlights the key cellular pathways activated upon ZIKV infection. Additionally, we explore the potential of utilizing microRNAs (miRNAs) and phytocompounds as promising strategies to combat ZIKV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nohemi Camacho-Concha
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunobiología, Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico; (N.C.-C.); (M.E.S.-R.); (N.C.S.); (G.P.-A.)
| | - María E. Santana-Román
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunobiología, Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico; (N.C.-C.); (M.E.S.-R.); (N.C.S.); (G.P.-A.)
| | - Nilda C. Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunobiología, Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico; (N.C.-C.); (M.E.S.-R.); (N.C.S.); (G.P.-A.)
| | - Iván Velasco
- Instituto de Fisiología Celular-Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico;
- Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía “Manuel Velasco Suárez”, Ciudad de México 14269, Mexico
| | - Victoria Pando-Robles
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca 62100, Morelos, Mexico;
| | - Gustavo Pedraza-Alva
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunobiología, Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico; (N.C.-C.); (M.E.S.-R.); (N.C.S.); (G.P.-A.)
| | - Leonor Pérez-Martínez
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunobiología, Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca 62210, Morelos, Mexico; (N.C.-C.); (M.E.S.-R.); (N.C.S.); (G.P.-A.)
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17
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Alvarez-García L, Sánchez-García FJ, Vázquez-Pichardo M, Moreno-Altamirano MM. Chikungunya Virus, Metabolism, and Circadian Rhythmicity Interplay in Phagocytic Cells. Metabolites 2023; 13:1143. [PMID: 37999239 PMCID: PMC10672914 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13111143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is transmitted to humans by mosquitoes of the genus Aedes, causing the chikungunya fever disease, associated with inflammation and severe articular incapacitating pain. There has been a worldwide reemergence of chikungunya and the number of cases increased to 271,006 in 2022 in the Americas alone. The replication of CHIKV takes place in several cell types, including phagocytic cells. Monocytes and macrophages are susceptible to infection by CHIKV; at the same time, they provide protection as components of the innate immune system. However, in host-pathogen interactions, CHIKV might have the ability to alter the function of immune cells, partly by rewiring the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Some viral evasion mechanisms depend on the metabolic reprogramming of immune cells, and the cell metabolism is intertwined with circadian rhythmicity; thus, a circadian immunovirometabolism axis may influence viral pathogenicity. Therefore, analyzing the interplay between viral infection, circadian rhythmicity, and cellular metabolic reprogramming in human macrophages could shed some light on the new field of immunovirometabolism and eventually contribute to the development of novel drugs and therapeutic approaches based on circadian rhythmicity and metabolic reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linamary Alvarez-García
- Laboratorio de Inmunorregulación, Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas del IPN, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (L.A.-G.); (F.J.S.-G.); (M.V.-P.)
| | - F. Javier Sánchez-García
- Laboratorio de Inmunorregulación, Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas del IPN, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (L.A.-G.); (F.J.S.-G.); (M.V.-P.)
| | - Mauricio Vázquez-Pichardo
- Laboratorio de Inmunorregulación, Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas del IPN, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (L.A.-G.); (F.J.S.-G.); (M.V.-P.)
- Laboratorio de Arbovirus, Departamento de Virología, Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos (InDRE), Secretaría de Salud, Francisco de P. Miranda 177, Col. Lomas de Plateros, Mexico City 01480, Mexico
| | - M. Maximina Moreno-Altamirano
- Laboratorio de Inmunorregulación, Departamento de Inmunología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas del IPN, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Col. Casco de Santo Tomás, Mexico City 11340, Mexico; (L.A.-G.); (F.J.S.-G.); (M.V.-P.)
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18
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Pant S, Jena NR. Repurposing of antiparasitic drugs against the NS2B-NS3 protease of the Zika virus. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-13. [PMID: 37747074 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2255648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
To date, no approved drugs are available to treat the Zika virus (ZIKV) infection. Therefore, it is necessary to urgently identify potential drugs against the ZIKV infection. Here, the repurposing of 30 antiparasitic drugs against the NS2B-NS3 protease of the ZIKV has been carried out by using combined docking and molecular dynamics- (MD) simulations. Based on the docking results, 5 drugs, such as Amodiaquine, Primaquine, Paromomycin, Dichlorophene, and Ivermectin were screened for further analysis by MD simulations and free energy calculations. Among these drugs, Amodiaquine and Dichlorophen are found to produce the most stable complexes and possess relative binding free energies of about -44.3 ± 3.7 kcal/mol and -41.1 ± 5.3 kcal/mol respectively. Therefore, they would act as potent small-molecule inhibitors of the ZIKV protease.However, evaluations of biological and safety activities of these drugs against the ZIKV protease are required before their clinical use.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pant
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - N R Jena
- Discipline of Natural Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design and Manufacturing, Jabalpur, India
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19
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Yang X, Bie X, Liu H, Shi X, Zhang D, Zhao D, Hao Y, Yang J, Yan W, Chen G, Chen L, Zhu Z, Yang F, Ma X, Liu X, Zheng H, Zhang K. Metabolomic analysis of pig spleen reveals African swine fever virus infection increased acylcarnitine levels to facilitate viral replication. J Virol 2023; 97:e0058623. [PMID: 37582206 PMCID: PMC10506482 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00586-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
African swine fever (ASF) is a devastating disease caused by the African swine fever virus (ASFV) that adversely affects the pig industry. The spleen is the main target organ of ASFV; however, the function of metabolites in the spleen during ASFV infection is yet to be investigated. To define the metabolic changes in the spleen after ASFV infection, untargeted and targeted metabolomics analyses of spleens from ASFV-infected pigs were conducted. Untargeted metabolomics analysis revealed 540 metabolites with significant differential levels. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis showed that these metabolites were mainly enriched in metabolic pathways, including nucleotide metabolism, purine metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, and neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction. Moreover, 134 of 540 metabolites quantified by targeted metabolomics analysis had differential levels and were enriched in metabolic pathways such as the biosynthesis of cofactors, ABC transporters, and biosynthesis of amino acids. Furthermore, coalition analysis of untargeted and targeted metabolomics data revealed that the levels of acylcarnitines, which are intermediates of fatty acid β-oxidation, were significantly increased in ASFV-infected spleens compared with those in the uninfected spleens. Moreover, inhibiting fatty acid β-oxidation significantly reduced ASFV replication, indicating that fatty acid β-oxidation is essential for this process. To our knowledge, this is the first report presenting the metabolite profiles of ASFV-infected pigs. This study revealed a new mechanism of ASFV-mediated regulation of host metabolism. These findings provide new insights into the pathogenic mechanisms of ASFV, which will benefit the development of target drugs for ASFV replication. IMPORTANCE African swine fever virus, the only member of the Asfarviridae family, relies on hijacking host metabolism to meet the demand for self-replication. However, the change in host metabolism after African swine fever virus (ASFV) infection remains unknown. Here, we analyzed the metabolic changes in the pig spleen after ASFV infection for the first time. ASFV infection increased the levels of acylcarnitines. Inhibition of the production and metabolism of acylcarnitines inhibited ASFV replication. Acylcarnitines are the vital intermediates of fatty acid β-oxidation. This study highlights the critical role of fatty acid β-oxidation in ASFV infection, which may help identify target drugs to control African swine fever disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xintian Bie
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Huanan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xijuan Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dajun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - DengShuai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yu Hao
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jinke Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wenqian Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Guohui Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lingling Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zixiang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xusheng Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiangtao Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haixue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Keshan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
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20
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Safi R, Sánchez-Álvarez M, Bosch M, Demangel C, Parton RG, Pol A. Defensive-lipid droplets: Cellular organelles designed for antimicrobial immunity. Immunol Rev 2023; 317:113-136. [PMID: 36960679 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Microbes have developed many strategies to subvert host organisms, which, in turn, evolved several innate immune responses. As major lipid storage organelles of eukaryotes, lipid droplets (LDs) are an attractive source of nutrients for invaders. Intracellular viruses, bacteria, and protozoan parasites induce and physically interact with LDs, and the current view is that they "hijack" LDs to draw on substrates for host colonization. This dogma has been challenged by the recent demonstration that LDs are endowed with a protein-mediated antibiotic activity, which is upregulated in response to danger signals and sepsis. Dependence on host nutrients could be a generic "Achilles' heel" of intracellular pathogens and LDs a suitable chokepoint harnessed by innate immunity to organize a front-line defense. Here, we will provide a brief overview of the state of the conflict and discuss potential mechanisms driving the formation of the 'defensive-LDs' functioning as hubs of innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi Safi
- Lipid Trafficking and Disease Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Sánchez-Álvarez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (IIB), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Bosch
- Lipid Trafficking and Disease Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Caroline Demangel
- Immunobiology and Therapy Unit, Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, INSERM U1224, Paris, France
| | - Robert G Parton
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience (IMB), Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis (CMM), University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Albert Pol
- Lipid Trafficking and Disease Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
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21
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Herrera-Moro Huitron L, De Jesús-González LA, Martínez-Castillo M, Ulloa-Aguilar JM, Cabello-Gutierrez C, Helguera-Repetto C, Garcia-Cordero J, León Juárez M. Multifaceted Nature of Lipid Droplets in Viral Interactions and Pathogenesis. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1851. [PMID: 37513023 PMCID: PMC10386712 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Once regarded as inert organelles with limited and ill-defined roles, lipid droplets (LDs) have emerged as dynamic entities with multifaceted functions within the cell. Recent research has illuminated their pivotal role as primary energy reservoirs in the form of lipids, capable of being metabolized to meet cellular energy demands. Their high dynamism is underscored by their ability to interact with numerous cellular organelles, notably the endoplasmic reticulum (the site of LD genesis) and mitochondria, which utilize small LDs for energy production. Beyond their contribution to cellular bioenergetics, LDs have been associated with viral infections. Evidence suggests that viruses can co-opt LDs to facilitate their infection cycle. Furthermore, recent discoveries highlight the role of LDs in modulating the host's immune response. Observations of altered LD levels during viral infections suggest their involvement in disease pathophysiology, potentially through production of proinflammatory mediators using LD lipids as precursors. This review explores these intriguing aspects of LDs, shedding light on their multifaceted nature and implications in viral interactions and disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Herrera-Moro Huitron
- Laboratorio de Virología Perinatal y Diseño Molecular de Antígenos y Biomarcadores, Departamento de Inmunobioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Mexico City 11000, Mexico
| | | | - Macario Martínez-Castillo
- Sección de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City 11340, Mexico
| | - José Manuel Ulloa-Aguilar
- Laboratorio de Virología Perinatal y Diseño Molecular de Antígenos y Biomarcadores, Departamento de Inmunobioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Mexico City 11000, Mexico
| | - Carlos Cabello-Gutierrez
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas (INER), Departamento de Investigación en Virología y Micología, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Belisario Domínguez, Tlalpan 14080, Mexico
| | - Cecilia Helguera-Repetto
- Laboratorio de Microbiología y Diagnóstico Molecular, Departamento de Inmunobioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Mexico City 11000, Mexico
| | - Julio Garcia-Cordero
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Cinvestav, Av. IPN# 2508, Mexico City 07360, Mexico
| | - Moisés León Juárez
- Laboratorio de Virología Perinatal y Diseño Molecular de Antígenos y Biomarcadores, Departamento de Inmunobioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Mexico City 11000, Mexico
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22
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Qu Y, Wang W, Xiao MZX, Zheng Y, Liang Q. The interplay between lipid droplets and virus infection. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28967. [PMID: 37496184 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
As an intracellular parasite, the virus usurps cellular machinery and modulates cellular metabolism pathways to replicate itself in cells. Lipid droplets (LDs) are universally conserved energy storage organelles that not only play vital roles in maintaining lipid homeostasis but are also involved in viral replication. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that viruses take advantage of cellular lipid metabolism by targeting the biogenesis, hydrolysis, and lipophagy of LD during viral infection. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge about the modulation of cellular LD by different viruses, with a special emphasis on the Hepatitis C virus, Dengue virus, and SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Qu
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weili Wang
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Maggie Z X Xiao
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yuejuan Zheng
- The Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Infectious Disease and Biosecurity, Shanghai University of Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine and Immunology Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiming Liang
- Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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23
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Stoyanova G, Jabeen S, Landazuri Vinueza J, Ghosh Roy S, Lockshin RA, Zakeri Z. Zika virus triggers autophagy to exploit host lipid metabolism and drive viral replication. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:114. [PMID: 37208782 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-01026-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zika virus (ZIKV), an arbovirus of global concern, has been associated with neurological complications including microcephaly in newborns and Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults. Like other flaviviruses, ZIKV depends on cholesterol to facilitate its replication; thus, cholesterol has been proposed as a therapeutic target to treat the infection using FDA-approved statins. Cholesterol is stored in intracellular lipid droplets (LD) in the form of cholesterol esters and can be regulated by autophagy. We hypothesize that the virus hijacks autophagy machinery as an early step to increase the formation of LD and viral replication, and that interference with this pathway will limit reproduction of virus. METHODS We pretreated MDCK cells with atorvastatin or other inhibitors of autophagy prior to infection with ZIKV. We measured viral expression by qPCR for NS1 RNA and immunofluorescence for Zika E protein. RESULTS Autophagy increases in virus-infected cells as early as 6 h post infection (hpi). In the presence of atorvastatin, LD are decreased, and cholesterol is reduced, targeting key steps in viral replication, resulting in suppression of replication of ZIKV is suppressed. Other both early- and late-acting autophagy inhibitors decrease both the number of LD and viral replication. Bafilomycin renders cholesterol is inaccessible to ZIKV. We also confirm previous reports of a bystander effect, in which neighboring uninfected cells have higher LD counts compared to infected cells. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that atorvastatin and inhibitors of autophagy lead to lower availability of LD, decreasing viral replication. We conclude that bafilomycin A1 inhibits viral expression by blocking cholesterol esterification to form LD. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Stoyanova
- Department of Biology, CUNY Queens College, Flushing, NY, 11367, USA
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Sidra Jabeen
- Department of Biology, CUNY Queens College, Flushing, NY, 11367, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Joselyn Landazuri Vinueza
- Department of Biology, CUNY Queens College, Flushing, NY, 11367, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Sounak Ghosh Roy
- Department of Biology, CUNY Queens College, Flushing, NY, 11367, USA
- Henry Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Silver Spring, MD, 20910, USA
| | - Richard A Lockshin
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, Jamaica, NY, 11439, USA
| | - Zahra Zakeri
- Department of Biology, CUNY Queens College, Flushing, NY, 11367, USA.
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24
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Allgoewer K, Wu S, Choi H, Vogel C. Re-mining serum proteomics data reveals extensive post-translational modifications upon Zika and dengue infection. Mol Omics 2023; 19:308-320. [PMID: 36810580 PMCID: PMC10175154 DOI: 10.1039/d2mo00258b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) and dengue virus (DENV) are two closely related flaviviruses with similar symptoms. However, due to the implications of ZIKV infections for pregnancy outcomes, understanding differences in their molecular impact on the host is of high interest. Viral infections change the host proteome, including post-translational modifications. As modifications are diverse and of low abundance, they typically require additional sample processing which is not feasible for large cohort studies. Therefore, we tested the potential of next-generation proteomics data in its ability to prioritize specific modifications for later analysis. We re-mined published mass spectra from 122 serum samples from ZIKV and DENV patients for the presence of phosphorylated, methylated, oxidized, glycosylated/glycated, sulfated, and carboxylated peptides. We identified 246 modified peptides with significantly differential abundance in ZIKV and DENV patients. Amongst these, methionine-oxidized peptides from apolipoproteins and glycosylated peptides from immunoglobulin proteins were more abundant in ZIKV patient serum and generate hypotheses on the potential roles of the modification in the infection. The results demonstrate how data-independent acquisition techniques can help prioritize future analyses of peptide modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Allgoewer
- New York University, Department of Biology, Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York, NY, USA.
- Humboldt University, Department of Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Shaohuan Wu
- New York University, Department of Biology, Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Hyungwon Choi
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christine Vogel
- New York University, Department of Biology, Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York, NY, USA.
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25
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Schulz J, Schilling E, Fabian C, Zenclussen AC, Stojanovska V, Claus C. Dissecting Rubella Placental Infection in an In Vitro Trophoblast Model. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097894. [PMID: 37175600 PMCID: PMC10178045 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Vertical transmission of rubella virus (RuV) occurs at a high rate during the first trimester of pregnancy. The modes of vertical transmission including the response of trophoblasts to RuV are not well understood. Here, RuV-trophoblast interaction was studied in the BeWo trophoblast cell line. Analysis included early and late time-point kinetics of virus infection rate and the antiviral innate immune response at mRNA and protein level. BeWo characteristics were addressed through metabolic activity by extracellular flux analysis and syncytiotrophoblast formation through incubation with forskolin. We found that RuV infection of BeWo led to profuse type III interferon (IFN) production. Transfecting trophoblast cells with dsRNA analog induced an increase in the production of type I IFN-β and type III IFNs; however, this did not occur in RuV-infected BeWo trophoblasts. IFN-β and to a lesser extent type III IFN-λ1 were inhibitory to RuV. While no significant metabolic alteration was detected, RuV infection reduced the cell number in the monolayer culture in comparison to the mock control and resulted in detached and floating cells. Syncytia formation restricted RuV infection. The use of BeWo as a relevant cell culture model for infection of trophoblasts highlights cytopathogenicity in the absence of a type I IFN response as a pathogenic alteration by RuV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliane Schulz
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Erik Schilling
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Claire Fabian
- Department of Vaccines and Infection Models, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Medical Department II, University Cancer Center Leipzig (UCCL), University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ana Claudia Zenclussen
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- Perinatal Immunology Research Group, Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Translation, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Violeta Stojanovska
- Department of Environmental Immunology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Claudia Claus
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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26
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Gilbert-Jaramillo J, Purnama U, Molnár Z, James WS. Zika virus-induces metabolic alterations in fetal neuronal progenitors that could influence in neurodevelopment during early pregnancy. Biol Open 2023; 12:bio059889. [PMID: 37093064 PMCID: PMC10151830 DOI: 10.1242/bio.059889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cortical development consists of an orchestrated process in which progenitor cells exhibit distinct fate restrictions regulated by time-dependent activation of energetic pathways. Thus, the hijacking of cellular metabolism by Zika virus (ZIKV) to support its replication may contribute to damage in the developing fetal brain. Here, we showed that ZIKV replicates differently in two glycolytically distinct pools of cortical progenitors derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), which resemble the metabolic patterns of quiescence (early hi-NPCs) and immature brain cells (late hi-NPCs) in the forebrain. This differential replication alters the transcription of metabolic genes in both pools of cortical progenitors but solely upregulates the glycolytic capacity of early hi-NPCs. Analysis using Imagestream® revealed that, during early stages of ZIKV replication, in early hi-NPCs there is an increase in lipid droplet abundance and size. This stage of ZIKV replication significantly reduced the mitochondrial distribution in both early and late hi-NPCs. During later stages of ZIKV replication, late hi-NPCs show reduced mitochondrial size and abundance. The finding that there are alterations of cellular metabolism during ZIKV infection which are specific to pools of cortical progenitors at different stages of maturation may help to explain the differences in brain damage over each trimester.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Gilbert-Jaramillo
- James & Lillian Martin Centre, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Sherrington Building, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
- ESPOL Polytechnic University, Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral, ESPOL, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Campus Gustavo Galindo Km. 30.5 Vía Perimetral, P.O. Box 09-01-5863, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | - Ujang Purnama
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Sherrington Building, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Zoltán Molnár
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Sherrington Building, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - William S. James
- James & Lillian Martin Centre, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
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27
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Turkoglu O, Alhousseini A, Sajja S, Idler J, Stuart S, Ashrafi N, Yilmaz A, Wharton K, Graham SF, Bahado-Singh RO. Fetal effects of mild maternal COVID-19 infection: metabolomic profiling of cord blood. Metabolomics 2023; 19:41. [PMID: 37060499 PMCID: PMC10105349 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-023-01988-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The impact of maternal coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection on fetal health remains to be precisely characterized. OBJECTIVES Using metabolomic profiling of newborn umbilical cord blood, we aimed to investigate the potential fetal biological consequences of maternal COVID-19 infection. METHODS Cord blood plasma samples from 23 mild COVID-19 cases (mother infected/newborn negative) and 23 gestational age-matched controls were analyzed using nuclear magnetic spectroscopy and liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Metabolite set enrichment analysis (MSEA) was used to evaluate altered biochemical pathways due to COVID-19 intrauterine exposure. Logistic regression models were developed using metabolites to predict intrauterine exposure. RESULTS Significant concentration differences between groups (p-value < 0.05) were observed in 19 metabolites. Elevated levels of glucocorticoids, pyruvate, lactate, purine metabolites, phenylalanine, and branched-chain amino acids of valine and isoleucine were discovered in cases while ceramide subclasses were decreased. The top metabolite model including cortisol and ceramide (d18:1/23:0) achieved an Area under the Receiver Operating Characteristics curve (95% CI) = 0.841 (0.725-0.957) for detecting fetal exposure to maternal COVID-19 infection. MSEA highlighted steroidogenesis, pyruvate metabolism, gluconeogenesis, and the Warburg effect as the major perturbed metabolic pathways (p-value < 0.05). These changes indicate fetal increased oxidative metabolism, hyperinsulinemia, and inflammatory response. CONCLUSION We present fetal biochemical changes related to intrauterine inflammation and altered energy metabolism in cases of mild maternal COVID-19 infection despite the absence of viral infection. Elucidation of the long-term consequences of these findings is imperative considering the large number of exposures in the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onur Turkoglu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Corewell Health, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, 3535 W. 13 Mile Rd, Royal Oak, MI, 48073, USA.
| | - Ali Alhousseini
- Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Sparrow Hospital, Michigan State University, Lansing, MI, 48912, USA
| | - Sonia Sajja
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Corewell Health, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, 3535 W. 13 Mile Rd, Royal Oak, MI, 48073, USA
| | - Jay Idler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Corewell Health, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, 3535 W. 13 Mile Rd, Royal Oak, MI, 48073, USA
| | - Sean Stuart
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Corewell Health, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, 3535 W. 13 Mile Rd, Royal Oak, MI, 48073, USA
| | - Nadia Ashrafi
- Metabolomics Department, Beaumont Research Institute, Corewell Health, William Beaumont University Hospital, Royal Oak, MI, 48073, USA
| | - Ali Yilmaz
- Metabolomics Department, Beaumont Research Institute, Corewell Health, William Beaumont University Hospital, Royal Oak, MI, 48073, USA
| | - Kurt Wharton
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Corewell Health, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, 3535 W. 13 Mile Rd, Royal Oak, MI, 48073, USA
| | - Stewart F Graham
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Corewell Health, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, 3535 W. 13 Mile Rd, Royal Oak, MI, 48073, USA
- Metabolomics Department, Beaumont Research Institute, Corewell Health, William Beaumont University Hospital, Royal Oak, MI, 48073, USA
| | - Ray O Bahado-Singh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Corewell Health, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, 3535 W. 13 Mile Rd, Royal Oak, MI, 48073, USA
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Sahoo BR, Crook AA, Pattnaik A, Torres-Gerena AD, Khalimonchuk O, Powers R, Franco R, Pattnaik AK. Redox Regulation and Metabolic Dependency of Zika Virus Replication: Inhibition by Nrf2-Antioxidant Response and NAD(H) Antimetabolites. J Virol 2023; 97:e0136322. [PMID: 36688653 PMCID: PMC9972919 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01363-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral infections alter host cell metabolism and homeostasis; however, the mechanisms that regulate these processes have only begun to be elucidated. We report here that Zika virus (ZIKV) infection activates the antioxidant nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which precedes oxidative stress. Downregulation of Nrf2 or inhibition of glutathione (GSH) synthesis resulted in significantly increased viral replication. Interestingly, 6-amino-nicotinamide (6-AN), a nicotinamide analog commonly used as an inhibitor of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), decreased viral replication by over 1,000-fold. This inhibition was neither recapitulated by the knockdown of PPP enzymes, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), or 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD), nor prevented by supplementation with ribose 5-phosphate. Instead, our metabolomics and metabolic phenotype studies support a mechanism in which 6-AN depletes cells of NAD(H) and impairs NAD(H)-dependent glycolytic steps resulting in inhibition of viral replication. The inhibitory effect of 6-AN was rescued with precursors of the salvage pathway but not with those of other NAD+ biosynthesis pathways. Inhibition of glycolysis reduced viral protein levels, which were recovered transiently. This transient recovery in viral protein synthesis was prevented when oxidative metabolism was inhibited by blockage of the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier, fatty acid oxidation, or glutaminolysis, demonstrating a compensatory role of mitochondrial metabolism in ZIKV replication. These results establish an antagonistic role for the host cell Nrf2/GSH/NADPH-dependent antioxidant response against ZIKV and demonstrate the dependency of ZIKV replication on NAD(H). Importantly, our work suggests the potential use of NAD(H) antimetabolite therapy against the viral infection. IMPORTANCE Zika virus (ZIKV) is a major public health concern of international proportions. While the incidence of ZIKV infections has declined substantially in recent years, the potential for the reemergence or reintroduction remains high. Although viral infection alters host cell metabolism and homeostasis to promote its replication, deciphering the mechanism(s) involved in these processes is important for identifying therapeutic targets. The present work reveals the complexities of host cell redox regulation and metabolic dependency of ZIKV replication. An antagonistic effect of the Nrf2/GSH/NADP(H)-dependent antioxidant response against ZIKV infection and an essential role of NAD(H) metabolism and glycolysis for viral replication are established for the first time. These findings highlight the potential use of NAD(H) antimetabolites to counter ZIKV infection and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bikash R. Sahoo
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Alexandra A. Crook
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Aryamav Pattnaik
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Alondra D. Torres-Gerena
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
- Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Oleh Khalimonchuk
- Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Robert Powers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
- Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
- Nebraska Center for Integrated Biomolecular Communication, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Rodrigo Franco
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
- Redox Biology Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Asit K. Pattnaik
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
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Chen W, Li Y, Yu X, Wang Z, Wang W, Rao M, Li Y, Luo Z, Zhang Q, Liu J, Wu J. Zika virus non-structural protein 4B interacts with DHCR7 to facilitate viral infection. Virol Sin 2023; 38:23-33. [PMID: 36182074 PMCID: PMC10006206 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2022.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) evolves non-structural proteins to evade immune response and ensure efficient replication in the host cells. Cholesterol metabolic enzyme 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase (DHCR7) was recently reported to impact innate immune responses in ZIKV infection. However, the vital non-structural protein and mechanisms involved in DHCR7-mediated viral evasion are not well elucidated. In this study, we demonstrated that ZIKV infection facilitated DHCR7 expression. Notably, the upregulated DHCR7 in turn facilitated ZIKV infection and blocking DHCR7 suppressed ZIKV infection. Mechanically, ZIKV non-structural protein 4B (NS4B) interacted with DHCR7 to induce DHCR7 expression. Moreover, DHCR7 inhibited TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) and interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) phosphorylation, which resulted in the reduction of interferon-beta (IFN-β) and interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) productions. Therefore, we propose that ZIKV NS4B binds to DHCR7 to repress TBK1 and IRF3 activation, which in turn inhibits IFN-β and ISGs, and thereby facilitating ZIKV evasion. This study broadens the insights on how viral non-structural proteins antagonize innate immunity to facilitate viral infection via cholesterol metabolic enzymes and intermediates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Foshan Institute of Medical Microbiology, Foshan, 528315, China
| | - Yukun Li
- Halison International Peace Hospital, Hebei Medical University, Hengshui, 053000, China
| | - Xiuling Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Zhenwei Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Wenbiao Wang
- Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Menglan Rao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yongkui Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Foshan Institute of Medical Microbiology, Foshan, 528315, China
| | - Zhen Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Foshan Institute of Medical Microbiology, Foshan, 528315, China
| | - Qiwei Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Foshan Institute of Medical Microbiology, Foshan, 528315, China
| | - Jinbiao Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Foshan Institute of Medical Microbiology, Foshan, 528315, China.
| | - Jianguo Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Foshan Institute of Medical Microbiology, Foshan, 528315, China.
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Delafiori J, Faria AVDS, de Oliveira AN, Sales GM, Dias-Audibert FL, Catharino RR. Unraveling the Metabolic Alterations Induced by Zika Infection in Prostate Epithelial (PNT1a) and Adenocarcinoma (PC-3) Cell Lines. J Proteome Res 2023; 22:193-203. [PMID: 36469742 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The outbreak of Zika virus infection in 2016 led to the identification of its presence in several types of biofluids, including semen. Later discoveries associated Zika infection with sexual transmission and persistent replication in cells of the male reproductive tract. Prostate epithelial and carcinoma cells are favorable to virus replication, with studies pointing to transcriptomics alterations of immune and inflammation genes upon persistence. However, metabolome alterations promoted by the Zika virus in prostate cells are unknown. Given its chronic effects and oncolytic potential, we aim to investigate the metabolic alterations induced by the Zika virus in prostate epithelial (PNT1a) and adenocarcinoma (PC-3) cells using an untargeted metabolomics approach and high-resolution mass spectrometry. PNT1a cells were viable up to 15 days post ZIKV infection, in contrast to its antiproliferative effect in the PC-3 cell lineage. Remarkable alterations in the PNT1a cell metabolism were observed upon infection, especially regarding glycerolipids, fatty acids, and acylcarnitines, which could be related to viral cellular resource exploitation, in addition to the over-time increase in oxidative stress metabolites associated with carcinogenesis. The upregulation of FA20:5 at 5 dpi in PC-3 cells corroborates the antiproliferative effect observed since this metabolite was previously reported to induce PC-3 cell death. Overall, Zika virus promotes extensive lipid alterations on both PNT1a and PC-3 cells, promoting different outcomes based on the cellular metabolic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeany Delafiori
- Innovare Biomarkers Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Alessandra V de S Faria
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Arthur N de Oliveira
- Innovare Biomarkers Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Geovana M Sales
- Innovare Biomarkers Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Flávia Luísa Dias-Audibert
- Innovare Biomarkers Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo R Catharino
- Innovare Biomarkers Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP 13083-970, Brazil
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Rubio-Hernández EI, Comas-García M, Coronado-Ipiña MA, Colunga-Saucedo M, González Sánchez HM, Castillo CG. Astrocytes derived from neural progenitor cells are susceptible to Zika virus infection. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0283429. [PMID: 36989308 PMCID: PMC10057746 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) was first isolated in 1947. From its isolation until 2007, symptoms of ZIKV-caused disease were limited (e.g., fever, hives, and headache); however, during the epidemic in Brazil in 2014, ZIKV infection caused Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults and microcephaly in fetuses and infants of women infected during pregnancy. The neurovirulence of ZIKV has been studied using neural progenitor cells (NPCs), brain organoids, neurons, and astrocytes. NPCs and astrocytes appear to be the most susceptible cells of the Central Nervous System to ZIKV infection. In this work, we aimed to develop a culture of astrocytes derived from a human NPC cell line. We analyze how ZIKV affects human astrocytes and demonstrate that 1) ZIKV infection reduces cell viability, increases the production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), and results in high viral titers; 2) there are changes in the expression of genes that facilitate the entry of the virus into the cells; 3) there are changes in the expression of genes involved in the homeostasis of the glutamatergic system; and 4) there are ultrastructural changes in mitochondria and lipid droplets associated with production of virions. Our findings reveal new evidence of how ZIKV compromises astrocytic functionality, which may help understand the pathophysiology of ZIKV-associated congenital disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edson Iván Rubio-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Células Neurales Troncales Humanas, Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología-Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
| | - Mauricio Comas-García
- Sección de Microscopia de Alta Resolución, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
| | - Miguel Angel Coronado-Ipiña
- Sección de Microscopia de Alta Resolución, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
| | - Mayra Colunga-Saucedo
- Sección de Genómica Médica, Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
| | - Hilda Minerva González Sánchez
- Cátedra CONACYT- Centro de Investigación sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, México
| | - Claudia G Castillo
- Laboratorio de Células Neurales Troncales Humanas, Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología-Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
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32
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Liu Y, Zeng M, Liu S, Li C. Dynamics analysis of building block synthesis reactions for virus assembly in vitro. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2023; 20:4082-4102. [PMID: 36899618 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2023191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Virus assembly from structural protein monomers to virus shells is a key step of virus replication. Some drug targets were found in this process. It consists of two steps. Virus structural protein monomers firstly polymerize to building blocks, then these building blocks assemble into virus shells. So, these building block synthesis reactions in the first step are fundamental for virus assembly. Typically, virus building blocks are made up of less than six monomers. They are of five types, including dimer, trimer, tetramer, pentamer and hexamer. In this work, we develop five synthesis reaction dynamical models for these five types, respectively. Then, we prove the existence and uniqueness of the positive equilibrium solution for these dynamical models one by one. Subsequently, we also analyze the stability of the equilibrium states, respectively. We got the function of monomer and dimer concentrations for dimer building blocks in the equilibrium state. We also got the function of all intermediate polymers and monomers for trimer, tetramer, pentamer and hexamer building blocks in the equilibrium state, respectively. Based on our analysis, dimer building blocks in the equilibrium state will decrease as the ratio of the off-rate constant to the on-rate constant increases. Trimer building blocks in the equilibrium state will decrease with the increasing ratio of the off-rate constant to the on-rate constant of trimers. These results may provide further insight into the virus-building block synthesis dynamic property in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuewu Liu
- College of Information and Intelligence, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Mengfang Zeng
- Hunan Federation of Social Sciences, Changsha 410000, China
| | - Shengyong Liu
- College of Information and Intelligence, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Chun Li
- College of Information and Intelligence, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
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Muthuraj PG, Krishnamoorthy C, Anderson-Berry A, Hanson C, Natarajan SK. Novel Therapeutic Nutrients Molecules That Protect against Zika Virus Infection with a Special Note on Palmitoleate. Nutrients 2022; 15:124. [PMID: 36615782 PMCID: PMC9823984 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a Flavivirus from the Flaviviridae family and a positive-sense single strand RNA virus. ZIKV infection can cause a mild infection to the mother but can be vertically transmitted to the developing fetus, causing congenital anomalies. The prevalence of ZIKV infections was relatively insignificant with sporadic outbreaks in the Asian and African continents until 2006. However, recent epidemic in the Caribbean showed significant increased incidence of Congenital Zika Syndrome. ZIKV infection results in placental pathology which plays a crucial role in disease transmission from mother to fetus. Currently, there is no Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved vaccine or therapeutic drug against ZIKV. This review article summarizes the recent advances on ZIKV transmission and diagnosis and reviews nutraceuticals which can protect against the ZIKV infection. Further, we have reviewed recent advances related to the novel therapeutic nutrient molecules that have been shown to possess activity against Zika virus infected cells. We also review the mechanism of ZIKV-induced endoplasmic reticulum and apoptosis and the protective role of palmitoleate (nutrient molecule) against ZIKV-induced ER stress and apoptosis in the placental trophoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philma Glora Muthuraj
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Chandan Krishnamoorthy
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Ann Anderson-Berry
- Child Health Research Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Corrine Hanson
- Child Health Research Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Medical Nutrition Education, College of Allied Health Profession, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Sathish Kumar Natarajan
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
- Child Health Research Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Medical Nutrition Education, College of Allied Health Profession, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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Espino A, Gouilly J, Chen Q, Colin P, Guerby P, Izopet J, Amara A, Tabiasco J, Al-Daccak R, El Costa H, Jabrane-Ferrat N. The mechanisms underlying the immune control of Zika virus infection at the maternal-fetal interface. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1000861. [PMID: 36483552 PMCID: PMC9723234 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1000861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Unlike other Flaviviruses, Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during the first trimester of pregnancy causes severe pregnancy outcomes including the devastating microcephaly and diseases associated with placental dysfunctions. We have previously reported that the maternal decidua basalis, the major maternal-fetal interface, serves as a replication platform enabling virus amplification before dissemination to the fetal compartment. However, the rate of congenital infection is quite low, suggesting the presence of a natural barrier against viral infection. Using primary cells from first-trimester pregnancy samples, we investigated in this study how the maternal decidua can interfere with ZIKV infection. Our study reveals that whether through their interactions with dNK cells, the main immune cell population of the first-trimester decidua, or their production of proinflammatory cytokines, decidual stromal cells (DSCs) are the main regulators of ZIKV infection during pregnancy. We also validate the functional role of AXL as a crucial receptor for ZIKV entry in DSCs and demonstrate that targeted inhibition of ligand-receptor interaction at the early stage of the infection is effective in drastically reducing virus pathogenesis at the maternal-fetal interface. Collectively, our results provide insights into the mechanisms through which ZIKV infection and spreading can be limited. The strategy of circumventing viral entry at the maternal-fetus interface limits virus dissemination to fetal tissues, thereby preventing congenital abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Espino
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), CNRS UMR5051, INSERM UMR1291, University of Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Jordi Gouilly
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), CNRS UMR5051, INSERM UMR1291, University of Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Qian Chen
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), CNRS UMR5051, INSERM UMR1291, University of Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Philippe Colin
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), CNRS UMR5051, INSERM UMR1291, University of Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Paul Guerby
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), CNRS UMR5051, INSERM UMR1291, University of Toulouse III, Toulouse, France,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Paule de Viguier Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Jacques Izopet
- Department of Virology, Institut Fédératif de Biologie, Toulouse, France
| | - Ali Amara
- CNRS 7212, INSERM U944, University Paris Cité, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Julie Tabiasco
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), CNRS UMR5051, INSERM UMR1291, University of Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Reem Al-Daccak
- INSERM UMRS976, University Paris Cité, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - Hicham El Costa
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), CNRS UMR5051, INSERM UMR1291, University of Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Nabila Jabrane-Ferrat
- Toulouse Institute for Infectious and Inflammatory Diseases (Infinity), CNRS UMR5051, INSERM UMR1291, University of Toulouse III, Toulouse, France,*Correspondence: Nabila Jabrane-Ferrat,
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Borges-Vélez G, Arroyo JA, Cantres-Rosario YM, Rodriguez de Jesus A, Roche-Lima A, Rosado-Philippi J, Rosario-Rodríguez LJ, Correa-Rivas MS, Campos-Rivera M, Meléndez LM. Decreased CSTB, RAGE, and Axl Receptor Are Associated with Zika Infection in the Human Placenta. Cells 2022; 11:3627. [PMID: 36429055 PMCID: PMC9688057 DOI: 10.3390/cells11223627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) compromises placental integrity, infecting the fetus. However, the mechanisms associated with ZIKV penetration into the placenta leading to fetal infection are unknown. Cystatin B (CSTB), the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), and tyrosine-protein kinase receptor UFO (AXL) have been implicated in ZIKV infection and inflammation. This work investigates CSTB, RAGE, and AXL receptor expression and activation pathways in ZIKV-infected placental tissues at term. The hypothesis is that there is overexpression of CSTB and increased inflammation affecting RAGE and AXL receptor expression in ZIKV-infected placentas. Pathological analyses of 22 placentas were performed to determine changes caused by ZIKV infection. Quantitative proteomics, immunofluorescence, and western blot were performed to analyze proteins and pathways affected by ZIKV infection in frozen placentas. The pathological analysis confirmed decreased size of capillaries, hyperplasia of Hofbauer cells, disruption in the trophoblast layer, cell agglutination, and ZIKV localization to the trophoblast layer. In addition, there was a significant decrease in CSTB, RAGE, and AXL expression and upregulation of caspase 1, tubulin beta, and heat shock protein 27. Modulation of these proteins and activation of inflammasome and pyroptosis pathways suggest targets for modulation of ZIKV infection in the placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Borges-Vélez
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00936, USA
| | - Juan A. Arroyo
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, College of Life Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | | | - Ana Rodriguez de Jesus
- Center for Collaborative Research in Health Disparities, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00936, USA
| | - Abiel Roche-Lima
- Center for Collaborative Research in Health Disparities, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00936, USA
| | - Julio Rosado-Philippi
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00936, USA
| | - Lester J. Rosario-Rodríguez
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00936, USA
| | - María S. Correa-Rivas
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00936, USA
| | - Maribel Campos-Rivera
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00936, USA
| | - Loyda M. Meléndez
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00936, USA
- Center for Collaborative Research in Health Disparities, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, PR 00936, USA
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36
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Chen ZL, Yin ZJ, Qiu TY, Chen J, Liu J, Zhang XY, Xu JQ. Revealing the characteristics of ZIKV infection through tissue-specific transcriptome sequencing analysis. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:697. [PMID: 36209057 PMCID: PMC9546753 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08919-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, Zika virus (ZIKV) re-emerged in India and was potentially associated with microcephaly. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying ZIKV pathogenesis remain to be explored. RESULTS Herein, we performed a comprehensive RNA-sequencing analysis on ZIKV-infected JEG-3, U-251 MG, and HK-2 cells versus corresponding uninfected controls. Combined with a series of functional analyses, including gene annotation, pathway enrichment, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis, we defined the molecular characteristics induced by ZIKV infection in different tissues and invasion time points. Data showed that ZIKV infection and replication in each susceptible organ commonly stimulated interferon production and down-regulated metabolic-related processes. Also, tissue-specific immune responses or biological processes (BPs) were induced after ZIKV infection, including GnRH signaling pathway in JEG-3 cells, MAPK signaling pathway in U-251 MG cells, and PPAR signaling pathway in HK-2 cells. Of note, ZIKV infection induced delayed antiviral interferon responses in the placenta-derived cell lines, which potentially explains the molecular mechanism by which ZIKV replicates rapidly in the placenta and subsequential vertical transmission occurs. CONCLUSIONS Together, these data may provide a systemic insight into the pathogenesis of ZIKV infection in distinct human tissue-derived cell lines, which is likely to help develop prophylactic and therapeutic strategies against ZIKV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Lu Chen
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Zuo-Jing Yin
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Tian-Yi Qiu
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Department of Immunotherapy and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jian Chen
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Zhang
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China. .,Department of Immunotherapy and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jian-Qing Xu
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China. .,Department of Immunotherapy and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, People's Republic of China.
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37
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Branche E, Wang YT, Viramontes KM, Valls Cuevas JM, Xie J, Ana-Sosa-Batiz F, Shafee N, Duttke SH, McMillan RE, Clark AE, Nguyen MN, Garretson AF, Crames JJ, Spann NJ, Zhu Z, Rich JN, Spector DH, Benner C, Shresta S, Carlin AF. SREBP2-dependent lipid gene transcription enhances the infection of human dendritic cells by Zika virus. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5341. [PMID: 36097162 PMCID: PMC9465152 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33041-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV) as a global health threat has highlighted the unmet need for ZIKV-specific vaccines and antiviral treatments. ZIKV infects dendritic cells (DC), which have pivotal functions in activating innate and adaptive antiviral responses; however, the mechanisms by which DC function is subverted to establish ZIKV infection are unclear. Here we develop a genomics profiling method that enables discrete analysis of ZIKV-infected versus neighboring, uninfected primary human DCs to increase the sensitivity and specificity with which ZIKV-modulated pathways can be identified. The results show that ZIKV infection specifically increases the expression of genes enriched for lipid metabolism-related functions. ZIKV infection also increases the recruitment of sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) transcription factors to lipid gene promoters, while pharmacologic inhibition or genetic silencing of SREBP2 suppresses ZIKV infection of DCs. Our data thus identify SREBP2-activated transcription as a mechanism for promoting ZIKV infection amenable to therapeutic targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Branche
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Ying-Ting Wang
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Karla M Viramontes
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Joan M Valls Cuevas
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Jialei Xie
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Fernanda Ana-Sosa-Batiz
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Norazizah Shafee
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Sascha H Duttke
- School of Molecular Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99163, USA
| | - Rachel E McMillan
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Alex E Clark
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Michael N Nguyen
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Aaron F Garretson
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jan J Crames
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Nathan J Spann
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Zhe Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Jeremy N Rich
- Department of Medicine, Division of Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Neurology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15232, USA
| | - Deborah H Spector
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Christopher Benner
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Sujan Shresta
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
| | - Aaron F Carlin
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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38
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Sotcheff SL, Chen JYC, Elrod N, Cao J, Jaworski E, Kuyumcu-Martinez MN, Shi PY, Routh AL. Zika Virus Infection Alters Gene Expression and Poly-Adenylation Patterns in Placental Cells. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11080936. [PMID: 36015056 PMCID: PMC9414685 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11080936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Flaviviruses are small RNA viruses that are mainly transmitted via arthropod vectors and are found in tropic and sub-tropical regions. Most infections are asymptomatic (90-95%), but symptoms can be as severe as hemorrhagic fever and encephalitis. One recently emerged flavivirus is Zika virus (ZIKV), which was originally isolated from rhesus monkeys in Uganda roughly 70 years ago but has recently spread east, reaching S. America in 2015-2016. This outbreak was associated with the development of Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults and microcephaly in infants born to expectant mothers infected early in pregnancy. ZIKV must traverse the placenta to impact the development of the fetus, but the mechanisms responsible are unknown. While flaviviruses are known to disrupt splicing patterns in host cells, little is known about how flaviviruses such as ZIKV impact the alternative polyadenylation (APA) of host transcripts. This is important as APA is well-established as a mechanism in the regulation of mRNA metabolism and translation. Thus, we sought to characterize transcriptomic changes including APA in human placental (JEG3) cells in response to ZIKV infection using Poly(A)-ClickSeq (PAC-Seq). We used our differential Poly(A)-cluster (DPAC) analysis pipeline to characterize changes in differential gene expression, alternative poly-adenylation (APA) and the use of alternative terminal exons. We identified 98 upregulated genes and 28 downregulated genes. Pathway enrichment analysis indicated that many RNA processing and immune pathways were upregulated in ZIKV-infected JEG3 cells. We also updated DPAC to provide additional metrics of APA including the percentage-distal usage index (PDUI), which revealed that APA was extensive and the 3' UTRs of 229 genes were lengthened while 269 were shortened. We further found that there were 214 upregulated and 59 downregulated poly(A)-clusters (PACs). We extracted the nucleotide sequences surrounding these PACs and found that the canonical signals for poly-adenylation (binding site for poly-A binding protein (PABP) upstream and a GU-rich region down-stream of the PAC) were only enriched in the downregulated PACs. These results indicate that ZIKV infection makes JEG3 cells more permissive to non-canonical poly-adenylation signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanea L. Sotcheff
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - John Yun-Chung Chen
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Nathan Elrod
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Jun Cao
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, Faculty of Environment and Life, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Elizabeth Jaworski
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Mugé N. Kuyumcu-Martinez
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Pei-Yong Shi
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Sealy Institute for Drug Discovery, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Sealy Center for Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Andrew L. Routh
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Sealy Center for Structural Biology and Molecular Biophysics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Correspondence:
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39
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Pant S, Jena NR. C-Terminal Extended Hexapeptides as Potent Inhibitors of the NS2B-NS3 Protease of the ZIKA Virus. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:921060. [PMID: 35872792 PMCID: PMC9306491 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.921060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Zika virus (ZIKV) protease is an attractive drug target for the design of novel inhibitors to control the ZIKV infection. As the protease substrate-binding site contains acidic residues, inhibitors with basic residues can be beneficial for the inhibition of protease activities. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and molecular mechanics with generalized Born and surface area solvation (MM/GBSA) techniques are employed herein to design potent peptide inhibitors and to understand the nature of the basic residues that can potentially stabilize the acidic residues of the protease substrate-binding site. It is found that the inclusion of K, R, and K at P1, P2, and P3 positions, respectively, and Y at the P4 position (YKRK) would generate a highly stable tetrapeptide-protease complex with a ΔGbind of ~ −80 kcal/mol. We have also shown that the C-terminal extension of this and the second most stable tetrapeptide (YRRR) with small polar residues, such as S and T would generate even more stable hexapeptide-protease complexes. The modes of interactions of these inhibitors are discussed in detail, which are in agreement with earlier experimental studies. Thus, this study is expected to aid in the design of novel antiviral drugs against the ZIKV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suyash Pant
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Nihar R. Jena
- Discipline of Natural Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design and Manufacturing, Jabalpur, India
- *Correspondence: Nihar R. Jena
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40
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Villalobos-Sánchez E, Burciaga-Flores M, Zapata-Cuellar L, Camacho-Villegas TA, Elizondo-Quiroga DE. Possible Routes for Zika Virus Vertical Transmission in Human Placenta: A Comprehensive Review. Viral Immunol 2022; 35:392-403. [PMID: 35506896 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2021.0199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infections have gained notoriety due to congenital abnormalities. Pregnant women have a greater risk of ZIKV infection and consequent transmission to their progeny due to the immunological changes associated with pregnancy. ZIKV has been detected in amniotic fluid, as well as in fetal and neonatal tissues of infected pregnant women. However, the mechanism by which ZIKV reaches the fetus is not well understood. The four dengue virus serotypes have been the most widely used flaviviruses to elucidate the host-cell entry pathways. Nevertheless, it is of increasing interest to understand the specific interaction between ZIKV and the host cell, especially in the gestation period. Herein, the authors describe the mechanisms of prenatal vertical infection of ZIKV based on results from in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo studies, including murine models and nonhuman primates. It also includes up-to-date knowledge from ex vivo and natural infections in pregnant women explaining the vertical transmission along four tracks: transplacental, paracellular, transcytosis mediated by extracellular vesicles, and paraplacental route and the antibody-dependent enhancement process. A global understanding of the diverse pathways used by ZIKV to cross the placental barrier and access the fetus, along with a better comprehension of the pathogenesis of ZIKV in pregnant females, may constitute a fundamental role in the design of antiviral drugs to reduce congenital disabilities associated with ZIKV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erendira Villalobos-Sánchez
- Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Unit, Center for Research and Assistance in Technology and Design of the State of Jalisco (CIATEJ), Guadalajara, México
| | - Mirna Burciaga-Flores
- Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Unit, Center for Research and Assistance in Technology and Design of the State of Jalisco (CIATEJ), Guadalajara, México
| | - Lorena Zapata-Cuellar
- Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Unit, Center for Research and Assistance in Technology and Design of the State of Jalisco (CIATEJ), Guadalajara, México
| | - Tanya A Camacho-Villegas
- CONACYT-Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Unit, Center for Research and Assistance in Technology and Design of the State of Jalisco (CIATEJ), Guadalajara, México
| | - Darwin E Elizondo-Quiroga
- Medical and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Unit, Center for Research and Assistance in Technology and Design of the State of Jalisco (CIATEJ), Guadalajara, México
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41
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Tarantal AF, Hartigan-O'Connor DJ, Noctor SC. Translational Utility of the Nonhuman Primate Model. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2022; 7:491-497. [PMID: 35283343 PMCID: PMC9576492 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Nonhuman primates are essential for the study of human disease and to explore the safety of new diagnostics and therapies proposed for human use. They share similar genetic, physiologic, immunologic, reproductive, and developmental features with humans and thus have proven crucial for the study of embryonic/fetal development, organ system ontogeny, and the role of the maternal-placental-fetal interface in health and disease. The fetus may be exposed to a variety of inflammatory stimuli including infectious microbes as well as maternal inflammation, which can result from infections, obesity, or environmental exposures. Growing evidence supports that inflammation is a mediator of fetal programming and that the maternal immune system is tightly integrated with fetal-placental immune responses that may set a postnatal path for future health or disease. This review addresses some of the unique features of the nonhuman primate model system, specifically the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta), and importance of the species for studies focused on organ system ontogeny and the impact of viral teratogens in relation to development and congenital disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice F Tarantal
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California; Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California; California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California.
| | - Dennis J Hartigan-O'Connor
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California; California National Primate Research Center, University of California Davis, Davis, California
| | - Stephen C Noctor
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California; Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders Institute, University of California Davis, Davis, California
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42
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Pant S, Bhattacharya G, Jena NR. Structures and dynamics of peptide and peptidomimetic inhibitors bound to the NS2B-NS3 protease of the ZIKA virus. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 41:3076-3088. [PMID: 35238272 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2045223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Infections caused by the Zika virus (ZIKV) have detrimental effects on human health, in particular on infants. As no potent drug or vaccine is available to date to contain this viral disease, it is necessary to design inhibitors that can target the NS2B-NS3 protease of the ZIKV, which is mainly responsible for the proliferation of the virus inside the host cells . Here, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and molecular mechanics energies combined with the generalized Born and surface area continuum solvation model (MM/GBSA) are used to understand the binding modes and stabilities of R, KR, KKR, WKR, WKKR, YKKR, and FKKR peptide inhibitors bound to the NS3-NS2B protease. The results are compared with the corresponding results obtained for covalent (compound 1) and non-covalent (compound 4*) peptidomimetic inhibitors . It is revealed that peptide inhibitors can bind strongly with the ZIKV protease with the ΔGbind ranging from -12 kcal/mol to -73 kcal/mol. Among these peptides, YKKR is found to make the most stable complex with the protease and fully occupy the electrostatically active substrate binding site. Hence, it would inhibit the protease activities of ZIKV strongly. The residue-wise decomposition of ΔGbind indicates that Asp75, Asp129, Tyr130, Ser135, Gly151, Asn152, Glys153, and Tyr161 of NS3 and Ser81, Asp83, and Phe84 of NS2B play a prominent role in the inhibitor binding. Therefore, any future design of inhibitors should be aimed to target these residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pant
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - G Bhattacharya
- Discipline of Natural Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design and Manufacturing, Jabalpur, India
| | - N R Jena
- Discipline of Natural Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design and Manufacturing, Jabalpur, India
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43
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Gullo G, Scaglione M, Cucinella G, Riva A, Coldebella D, Cavaliere AF, Signore F, Buzzaccarini G, Spagnol G, Laganà AS, Noventa M, Zaami S. Congenital Zika Syndrome: Genetic Avenues for Diagnosis and Therapy, Possible Management and Long-Term Outcomes. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11051351. [PMID: 35268441 PMCID: PMC8911172 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11051351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) was discovered in Uganda in 1947 and was originally isolated only in Africa and Asia. After a spike of microcephaly cases in Brazil, research has closely focused on different aspects of congenital ZIKV infection. In this review, we evaluated many aspects of the disease in order to build its natural history, with a focus on the long-term clinical and neuro-radiological outcomes in children. The authors have conducted a wide-ranging search spanning the 2012–2021 period from databases PubMed, PubMed Central, Web of Science, Medline, Scopus. Different sections reflect different points of congenital ZIKV infection syndrome: pathogenesis, prenatal diagnosis, clinical signs, neuroimaging and long-term developmental outcomes. It emerged that pathogenesis has not been fully clarified and that the clinical signs are not only limited to microcephaly. Given the current absence of treatments, we proposed schemes to optimize diagnostic protocols in endemic countries. It is essential to know the key aspects of this disease to guarantee early diagnosis, even in less severe cases, and an adequate management of the main chronic problems. Considering the relatively recent discovery of this congenital infectious syndrome, further studies and updated long-term follow-up are needed to further improve management strategies for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Gullo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Villa Sofia Cervello Hospital IVF UNIT, University of Palermo, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (G.G.); (G.C.)
| | - Marco Scaglione
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Gaspare Cucinella
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Villa Sofia Cervello Hospital IVF UNIT, University of Palermo, 90146 Palermo, Italy; (G.G.); (G.C.)
| | - Arianna Riva
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Padova Hospital, 35128 Padova, Italy;
| | - Davide Coldebella
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Gynaecological Clinic, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (D.C.); (G.B.); (G.S.); (M.N.)
| | - Anna Franca Cavaliere
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Santo Stefano Hospital, ULS Toscana Centro, 59100 Rome, Italy;
| | - Fabrizio Signore
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Sant’Eugenio Hospital, 00144 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Buzzaccarini
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Gynaecological Clinic, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (D.C.); (G.B.); (G.S.); (M.N.)
| | - Giulia Spagnol
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Gynaecological Clinic, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (D.C.); (G.B.); (G.S.); (M.N.)
| | - Antonio Simone Laganà
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Filippo Del Ponte” Hospital, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy;
| | - Marco Noventa
- Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Gynaecological Clinic, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy; (D.C.); (G.B.); (G.S.); (M.N.)
| | - Simona Zaami
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence:
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44
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Bosch M, Pol A. Eukaryotic lipid droplets: metabolic hubs, and immune first responders. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2022; 33:218-229. [PMID: 35065875 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2021.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
As major eukaryotic lipid storage organelles, lipid droplets (LDs) are metabolic hubs coordinating energy flux and building block distribution. Infectious pathogens often promote accumulation and physically interact with LDs. The most accepted view is that host LDs are hijacked by invaders to draw on nutrients for host colonisation. However, unique traits such as biogenesis plasticity, dynamic proteome, signalling capacity, and ability to interact with other organelles endow LDs with competencies to face complex biological challenges. Here, we focus on published data suggesting that LDs are not usurped organelles but innate immunity first responders. By comparison with analogous mechanisms activated on LDs in nutrient-poor environments, our review supports the hypothesis that host LDs actively participate in immunometabolism, immune signalling, and microbial killing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Bosch
- Lipid Trafficking and Disease Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Albert Pol
- Lipid Trafficking and Disease Group, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), 08010, Barcelona
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45
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Fader Kaiser CM, Romano PS, Vanrell MC, Pocognoni CA, Jacob J, Caruso B, Delgui LR. Biogenesis and Breakdown of Lipid Droplets in Pathological Conditions. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:826248. [PMID: 35198567 PMCID: PMC8860030 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.826248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LD) have long been considered as mere fat drops; however, LD have lately been revealed to be ubiquitous, dynamic and to be present in diverse organelles in which they have a wide range of key functions. Although incompletely understood, the biogenesis of eukaryotic LD initiates with the synthesis of neutral lipids (NL) by enzymes located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The accumulation of NL leads to their segregation into nanometric nuclei which then grow into lenses between the ER leaflets as they are further filled with NL. The lipid composition and interfacial tensions of both ER and the lenses modulate their shape which, together with specific ER proteins, determine the proneness of LD to bud from the ER toward the cytoplasm. The most important function of LD is the buffering of energy. But far beyond this, LD are actively integrated into physiological processes, such as lipid metabolism, control of protein homeostasis, sequestration of toxic lipid metabolic intermediates, protection from stress, and proliferation of tumours. Besides, LD may serve as platforms for pathogen replication and defense. To accomplish these functions, from biogenesis to breakdown, eukaryotic LD have developed mechanisms to travel within the cytoplasm and to establish contact with other organelles. When nutrient deprivation occurs, LD undergo breakdown (lipolysis), which begins with the LD-associated members of the perilipins family PLIN2 and PLIN3 chaperone-mediated autophagy degradation (CMA), a specific type of autophagy that selectively degrades a subset of cytosolic proteins in lysosomes. Indeed, PLINs CMA degradation is a prerequisite for further true lipolysis, which occurs via cytosolic lipases or by lysosome luminal lipases when autophagosomes engulf portions of LD and target them to lysosomes. LD play a crucial role in several pathophysiological processes. Increased accumulation of LD in non-adipose cells is commonly observed in numerous infectious diseases caused by intracellular pathogens including viral, bacterial, and parasite infections, and is gradually recognized as a prominent characteristic in a variety of cancers. This review discusses current evidence related to the modulation of LD biogenesis and breakdown caused by intracellular pathogens and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio M Fader Kaiser
- CONICET Dr. Mario H. Burgos Institute of Histology and Embryology (IHEM), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Patricia S Romano
- CONICET Dr. Mario H. Burgos Institute of Histology and Embryology (IHEM), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - M Cristina Vanrell
- CONICET Dr. Mario H. Burgos Institute of Histology and Embryology (IHEM), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Cristian A Pocognoni
- CONICET Dr. Mario H. Burgos Institute of Histology and Embryology (IHEM), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Julieta Jacob
- CONICET Dr. Mario H. Burgos Institute of Histology and Embryology (IHEM), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Benjamín Caruso
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biologicas y Tecnologicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Cordoba, Cordoba, Argentina
| | - Laura R Delgui
- CONICET Dr. Mario H. Burgos Institute of Histology and Embryology (IHEM), Mendoza, Argentina
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46
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Appelberg S, John L, Pardi N, Végvári Á, Bereczky S, Ahlén G, Monteil V, Abdurahman S, Mikaeloff F, Beattie M, Tam Y, Sällberg M, Neogi U, Weissman D, Mirazimi A. Nucleoside-Modified mRNA Vaccines Protect IFNAR -/- Mice against Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Infection. J Virol 2022; 96:e0156821. [PMID: 34817199 PMCID: PMC8826901 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01568-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF), caused by Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), is on the World Health Organizations' list of prioritized diseases and pathogens. With global distribution, high fatality rate, and no approved vaccine or effective treatment, CCHF constitutes a threat against global health. In the current study, we demonstrate that vaccination with nucleoside-modified mRNA-lipid nanoparticles (mRNA-LNP), encoding for the CCHFV nucleoprotein (N) or glycoproteins (GcGn) protect IFNAR-/- mice against lethal CCHFV infection. In addition, we found that both mRNA-LNP induced strong humoral and cellular immune responses in IFNAR-/- and immunocompetent mice and that neutralizing antibodies are not necessary for protection. When evaluating immune responses induced by immunization including CCHFV Gc and Gn antigens, we found the Gc protein to be more immunogenic compared with the Gn protein. Hepatic injury is prevalent in CCHF and contributes to the severity and mortality of the disease in humans. Thus, to understand the immune response in the liver after infection and the potential effect of the vaccine, we performed a proteomic analysis on liver samples from vaccinated and control mice after CCHFV infection. Similar to observations in humans, vaccination affected the metabolic pathways. In conclusion, this study shows that a CCHFV mRNA-LNP vaccine, based on viral nucleo- or glycoproteins, mediate protection against CCHFV induced disease. Consequently, genetic immunization is an attractive approach to prevent disease caused by CCHFV and we believe we have necessary evidence to bring this vaccine platform to the next step in the development of a vaccine against CCHFV infection. IMPORTANCE Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is a zoonotic pathogen causing Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF), a severe fever disease. CCHFV has a wide distribution and is endemic in several areas around the world. Cases of CCHF are also being reported in new areas, indicating an expansion of the disease, which is of high concern. Dispersion of the disease, high fatality rate, and no approved vaccine makes CCHF a threat to global health. The development of a vaccine is thus of great importance. Here we show 100% protection against lethal CCHFV infection in mice immunized with mRNA-LNP encoding for different CCHFV proteins. The vaccination showed both robust humoral and cellular immunity. mRNA-LNP vaccines combine the ability to induce an effective immune response, the safety of a transient carrier, and the flexibility of genetic vaccines. This and our results from the current study support the development of a mRNA-LNP based vaccine against CCHFV.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Computational Biology/methods
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic
- Female
- Hemorrhagic Fever Virus, Crimean-Congo/immunology
- Hemorrhagic Fever, Crimean/prevention & control
- High-Throughput Screening Assays
- Immunization
- Immunogenicity, Vaccine
- Liposomes
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Nanoparticles
- Proteomics/methods
- Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta/deficiency
- Vaccination
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
- mRNA Vaccines/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lijo John
- National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Norbert Pardi
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ákos Végvári
- Division of Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Gustaf Ahlén
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vanessa Monteil
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Flora Mikaeloff
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Ying Tam
- Acuitas Therapeutics, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Matti Sällberg
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ujjwal Neogi
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Drew Weissman
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ali Mirazimi
- Public Health Agency of Sweden, Solna, Sweden
- National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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47
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Yau C, Low JZH, Gan ES, Kwek SS, Cui L, Tan HC, Mok DZL, Chan CYY, Sessions OM, Watanabe S, Vasudevan SG, Lee YH, Chan KR, Ooi EE. Dysregulated metabolism underpins Zika-virus-infection-associated impairment in fetal development. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110118. [PMID: 34910902 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an Aedes-mosquito-borne flavivirus that causes debilitating congenital and developmental disorders. Improved understanding of ZIKV pathogenesis could assist efforts to fill the therapeutic and vaccine gap. We use several ZIKV strains, including a pair differing by a single phenylalanine-to-leucine substitution (M-F37L) in the membrane (M) protein, coupled with unbiased genomics to demarcate the border between attenuated and pathogenic infection. We identify infection-induced metabolic dysregulation as a minimal set of host alterations that differentiates attenuated from pathogenic ZIKV strains. Glycolytic rewiring results in impaired oxidative phosphorylation and mitochondrial dysfunction that trigger inflammation and apoptosis in pathogenic but not attenuated ZIKV strains. Critically, pyruvate supplementation prevents cell death, in vitro, and rescues fetal development in ZIKV-infected dams. Our findings thus demonstrate dysregulated metabolism as an underpinning of ZIKV pathogenicity and raise the potential of pyruvate supplementation in expectant women as a prophylaxis against congenital Zika syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clement Yau
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - John Z H Low
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Esther S Gan
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Swee Sen Kwek
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Liang Cui
- Singapore-MIT Alliance in Research and Technology, Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Hwee Cheng Tan
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Darren Z L Mok
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Candice Y Y Chan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169854, Singapore
| | - October M Sessions
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117549, Singapore; Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117559, Singapore
| | - Satoru Watanabe
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Subhash G Vasudevan
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117545, Singapore
| | - Yie Hou Lee
- Singapore-MIT Alliance in Research and Technology, Critical Analytics for Manufacturing Personalized-Medicine, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Kuan Rong Chan
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore.
| | - Eng Eong Ooi
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; Singapore-MIT Alliance in Research and Technology, Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore 138602, Singapore; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117549, Singapore; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117545, Singapore; Viral Research and Experimental Medicine Centre, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore 169856, Singapore.
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48
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Carrera J, Trenerry AM, Simmons CP, Mackenzie JM. Flavivirus replication kinetics in early-term placental cell lines with different differentiation pathways. Virol J 2021; 18:251. [PMID: 34906166 PMCID: PMC8670020 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-021-01720-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The uncontrollable spread of Zika virus (ZIKV) in the Americas during 2015-2017, and its causal link to microcephaly in newborns and Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults, led the World Health Organisation to declare it a global public health emergency. One of the most notable features of ZIKV pathogenesis was the ability of the virus to pass the placental barrier to infect the growing foetus. This pathogenic trait had not been observed previously for medically important flaviviruses, including dengue and yellow fever viruses. METHODS In this study we evaluated the replication kinetics of ZIKV and the related encephalitic flavivirus West Nile strain Kunjin virus (WNVKUN) in early-term placental cell lines. RESULTS We have observed that WNVKUN in fact replicates with a greater rate and to higher titres that ZIKV in these cell lines. CONCLUSIONS These results would indicate the potential for all flaviviruses to replicate in placental tissue but it is the ability to cross the placenta itself that is the restrictive factor in the clinical progression and presentation of congenital Zika syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Carrera
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.,Institute of Vector-Borne Diseases, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Alice M Trenerry
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Cameron P Simmons
- Institute of Vector-Borne Diseases, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Jason M Mackenzie
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.
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49
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Yong HEJ, Chan SY, Chakraborty A, Rajaraman G, Ricardo S, Benharouga M, Alfaidy N, Staud F, Murthi P. Significance of the placental barrier in antenatal viral infections. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166244. [PMID: 34411716 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The placenta provides a significant physical and physiological barrier to prevent fetal infection during pregnancy. Nevertheless, it is at times breached by pathogens and leads to vertical transmission of infection from mother to fetus. This review will focus specifically on the Zika flavivirus, the HIV retrovirus and the emerging SARS-CoV2 coronavirus, which have affected pregnant women and their offspring in recent epidemics. In particular, we will address how viral infections affect the immune response at the maternal-fetal interface and how the placental barrier is physically breached and discuss the consequences of infection on various aspects of placental function to support fetal growth and development. Improved understanding of how the placenta responds to viral infections will lay the foundation for developing therapeutics to these and emergent viruses, to minimise the harms of infection to the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah E J Yong
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shiao-Yng Chan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Amlan Chakraborty
- Department of Pharmacology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Sharon Ricardo
- Department of Pharmacology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mohamed Benharouga
- Unité 1292, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Grenoble, France; Department of Biology, University of Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France; Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Biosciences and Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Nadia Alfaidy
- Unité 1292, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Grenoble, France; Department of Biology, University of Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France; Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Biosciences and Biotechnology Institute of Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Frantisek Staud
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Padma Murthi
- Department of Pharmacology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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50
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van Leur SW, Heunis T, Munnur D, Sanyal S. Pathogenesis and virulence of flavivirus infections. Virulence 2021; 12:2814-2838. [PMID: 34696709 PMCID: PMC8632085 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1996059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The Flavivirus genus consists of >70 members including several that are considered significant human pathogens. Flaviviruses display a broad spectrum of diseases that can be roughly categorised into two phenotypes - systemic disease involving haemorrhage exemplified by dengue and yellow Fever virus, and neurological complications associated with the likes of West Nile and Zika viruses. Attempts to develop vaccines have been variably successful against some. Besides, mosquito-borne flaviviruses can be vertically transmitted in the arthropods, enabling long term persistence and the possibility of re-emergence. Therefore, developing strategies to combat disease is imperative even if vaccines become available. The cellular interactions of flaviviruses with their human hosts are key to establishing the viral lifecycle on the one hand, and activation of host immunity on the other. The latter should ideally eradicate infection, but often leads to immunopathological and neurological consequences. In this review, we use Dengue and Zika viruses to discuss what we have learned about the cellular and molecular determinants of the viral lifecycle and the accompanying immunopathology, while highlighting current knowledge gaps which need to be addressed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tiaan Heunis
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, OxfordOX1 3RE, UK
| | - Deeksha Munnur
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, OxfordOX1 3RE, UK
| | - Sumana Sanyal
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, OxfordOX1 3RE, UK
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