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Ghosh S, Hasan MN, Nath ND, Haider N, Jones DH, Islam MK, Rahaman MM, Mursalin HS, Mahmud N, Kamruzzaman M, Rabby MF, Kar S, Ullah SM, Ali Shah MR, Jahan AA, Rana MS, Chowdhury S, Uddin MJ, Sunil TS, Ahmed BN, Siddiqui UR, Kaisar SG, Islam MN. Rabies control in Bangladesh and prediction of human rabies cases by 2030: a One Health approach. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. SOUTHEAST ASIA 2024; 27:100452. [PMID: 39140082 PMCID: PMC11321326 DOI: 10.1016/j.lansea.2024.100452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Background Bangladesh is making progress toward achieving zero dog-mediated rabies deaths by 2030, a global goal set in 2015. Methods Drawing from multiple datasets, including patient immunisation record books and mass dog vaccination (MDV) databases, we conducted a comprehensive analysis between 2011 and 2023 to understand the effectiveness of rabies control programmes and predict human rabies cases in Bangladesh by 2030 using time-series forecasting models. We also compared rabies virus sequences from GenBank in Bangladesh and other South Asian countries. Findings The estimated dog population in Bangladesh was determined to be 1,668,140, with an average dog population density of 12.83 dogs/km2 (95% CI 11.14-14.53) and a human-to-dog ratio of 86.70 (95% CI 76.60-96.80). The MDV campaign has led to the vaccination of an average of 21,295 dogs (95% CI 18,654-23,935) per district annually out of an estimated 26,065 dogs (95% CI 22,898-29,230). A declining trend in predicted and observed human rabies cases has been identified, suggesting that Bangladesh is poised to make substantial progress towards achieving the 'Zero by 30' goal, provided the current trajectory continues. The phylogenetic analysis shows that rabies viruses in Bangladesh belong to the Arctic-like-1 group, which differs from those in Bhutan despite sharing a common ancestor. Interpretation Bangladesh's One Health approach demonstrated that an increase in MDV and anti-rabies vaccine (ARV) resulted in a decline in the relative risk of human rabies cases, indicating that eliminating dog-mediated human rabies could be achievable. Funding The study was supported by the Communicable Disease Control (CDC) Division of the Directorate General of Health Services (DGHS) of the People's Republic of Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumon Ghosh
- Department of Public Health, College of Education, Health, and Human Sciences, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
- Disease Control Unit, Communicable Disease Control, Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Nayeem Hasan
- Department of Statistics, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
| | - Nirmalendu Deb Nath
- Department of Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA
| | - Najmul Haider
- School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Staffordshire, ST5 5BG, United Kingdom
| | - Daleniece Higgins Jones
- Department of Public Health, College of Education, Health, and Human Sciences, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Md. Kamrul Islam
- Disease Control Unit, Communicable Disease Control, Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Bangladesh
| | - M. Mujibur Rahaman
- Disease Control Unit, Communicable Disease Control, Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Bangladesh
| | - Hasan Sayedul Mursalin
- Disease Control Unit, Communicable Disease Control, Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Bangladesh
| | - Nadim Mahmud
- Disease Control Unit, Communicable Disease Control, Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Kamruzzaman
- Disease Control Unit, Communicable Disease Control, Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Fazlay Rabby
- Disease Control Unit, Communicable Disease Control, Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Bangladesh
| | - Shotabdi Kar
- Disease Control Unit, Communicable Disease Control, Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Bangladesh
| | - Sayed Mohammed Ullah
- Disease Control Unit, Communicable Disease Control, Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Rashed Ali Shah
- Disease Control Unit, Communicable Disease Control, Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Bangladesh
| | - Afsana Akter Jahan
- Disease Control Unit, Communicable Disease Control, Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Sohel Rana
- Livestock Research Institute, Department of Livestock Services, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sukanta Chowdhury
- International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Jamal Uddin
- Department of Statistics, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh
- Faculty of Graduate Studies, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1216, Bangladesh
| | - Thankam S. Sunil
- Department of Public Health, College of Education, Health, and Human Sciences, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Be-Nazir Ahmed
- Disease Control Unit, Communicable Disease Control, Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Bangladesh
| | - Umme Ruman Siddiqui
- Disease Control Unit, Communicable Disease Control, Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Bangladesh
| | - S.M. Golam Kaisar
- Disease Control Unit, Communicable Disease Control, Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Nazmul Islam
- Disease Control Unit, Communicable Disease Control, Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Bangladesh
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Atuheire CGK, Okwee-Acai J, Taremwa M, Terence O, Ssali SN, Mwiine FN, Kankya C, Skjerve E, Tryland M. Descriptive analyses of knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding rabies transmission and prevention in rural communities near wildlife reserves in Uganda: a One Health cross-sectional study. Trop Med Health 2024; 52:48. [PMID: 39030649 PMCID: PMC11264860 DOI: 10.1186/s41182-024-00615-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite urban (domestic dog) rabies cycles being the main target for rabies elimination by 2030, sylvatic (wildlife) rabies cycles can act as rabies spillovers especially in settlements contiguous to wildlife reserves. Rural communities next to wildlife reserves are characterized by unique socio-demographic and cultural practices including bat consumption, hunting for bushmeat, and non-vaccination of hunting dogs against rabies among others. This study aimed to compare the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAPs) related to rabies transmission and prevention in the three districts of Uganda; (1) Nwoya, neighboring Murchison Falls National Park (MFNP) in the north, (2) Kamwenge neighboring Kibaale National Park (KNP), Queen Elizabeth National Park (QENP) and Katonga Game Reserve (KGR) in the west, and (3) Bukedea, neighboring Pian Upe Game Reserve (PUGR) in the east of Uganda. METHODS A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in settlements contiguous to these wildlife reserves. Using a semi-structured questionnaire, data were collected from 843 households owning dogs and livestock. Data were collected between the months of January and April 2023. Stratified univariate analyses by district were carried out using the Chi-square test for independence and Fisher's exact test to compare KAPs in the three study districts. RESULTS The median age of study participants was 42 years (Q1, Q3 = 30, 52) with males comprising the majority (67%, n = 562). The key findings revealed that participants from the Nwoya district in the north (MFNP) had little knowledge about rabies epidemiology (8.5%, n = 25), only 64% (n = 187) of them knew its signs and symptoms such as a rabid dog presenting with aggressiveness and showed negative attitudes towards prevention measures (15.3%, n = 45). Participants in the Kamwenge district-west (KNP, QENP, and KGR) had little knowledge and negative attitude towards wildlife-human interaction pertaining to rabies transmission and prevention especially those with no or primary level of education (20.9%, n = 27) while participants from Bukedea in the east (PUGR) had remarkedly poor practices towards rabies transmission, prevention, and control (37.8%, n = 114). CONCLUSIONS Rabies from sylvatic cycles remains a neglected public health threat in rural communities surrounding national parks and game reserves in Uganda. Our study findings highlight key gaps in knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to rabies transmission and prevention among such communities. Communication and action between veterinary services, wildlife authority, public health teams, social science and community leaders through available community platforms is key in addressing rabies among the sympatric at-risk communities in Uganda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collins G K Atuheire
- Department of Biosecurity, Ecosystems & Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources & Biosecurity, Makerere University, P.O Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - James Okwee-Acai
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacy, Clinical and Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources & Biosecurity, Makerere University, P.O Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Martha Taremwa
- Department of Biosecurity, Ecosystems & Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources & Biosecurity, Makerere University, P.O Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Odoch Terence
- Department of Biosecurity, Ecosystems & Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources & Biosecurity, Makerere University, P.O Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Sarah N Ssali
- School of Women and Gender Studies, College of Humanities, Makerere University, P.O Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Frank N Mwiine
- Department of Biomolecular Resources and Bio-Lab Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Clovice Kankya
- Department of Biosecurity, Ecosystems & Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources & Biosecurity, Makerere University, P.O Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Eystein Skjerve
- Department of Production Animal Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Morten Tryland
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT-The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Forestry and Wildlife Management, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, 2480, Koppang, Norway
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Mshelbwala PP, Wangdi K, Bunting-Graden JA, Bamayange S, Adamu AM, Gupta SD, Suluku R, Adamu CS, Weese JS, Rupprecht CE, Clark NJ. Insights into canine rabies vaccination Disparities in Sierra Leone: A cross-sectional household study. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0012332. [PMID: 39028761 PMCID: PMC11290662 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Annually, Sierra Leone records an estimated 301 human fatalities due to rabies. Canine vaccination is crucial for rabies prevention and control efforts. However, considerable variability exists in vaccination rates. Reasons for this variation remain unclear. We conducted a cross-sectional study across 2,558 dog-owning households (HHs) to provide insights into factors influencing canine vaccination for targeted prevention and control towards elimination by 2030. First, we described dog ownership practices, then built a probabilistic model to understand factors associated with dog vaccination, and finally used a spatial scan statistic to identify spatial clusters where vaccination rates were low. Our results indicated that only 14% (358/2,558) of participating HHs had fully vaccinated their dogs against rabies. The probability of dog vaccination increased when comparing civil servants to private workers/artisans, with an Odds Ratio(OR) of 1.14 (95% credible interval (Crl) of 0.82-1.56), residing in locations with a veterinary establishment vs. none (OR = 6.43, 95% Crl (4.97-8.35), providing care to dogs vs. allowing dogs to roam freely (OR = 2.38, 95% Crl(1.80-3.17) and owning a single dog vs multiple dogs (OR = 1.20, 95 Crl (0.92-1.56). Conversely, there was a decrease in the estimated probability of vaccination when comparing dog owners located in rural vs. urban areas (OR = 0.58, CrI 95% (0.43-0.78). Latent understanding, a measure of overall understanding of rabies virus, which we estimated using participant education levels and responses to questions about rabies epidemiology, was also an important predictor of vaccination probability (OR = 1.44, 95% Crl (1.04-2.07). The spatial analysis identified high-risk clusters for low vaccination in the cities of Moyamba, with a radius of 40 km, a relative risk (RR) of 1.10, and Bo, with a radius of 19.9 km with RR of 1.11. These data do not support Sierra Leone reaching the 2030 goal of human rabies elimination caused by dogs. Our study highlights a critical need for public outreach and education, improved vaccination rates, increased accessibility to veterinary services, and targeted interventions in Bo and Moyamba to support rabies prevention and control efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip P. Mshelbwala
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Orange, Australia
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Australia
| | - Kinley Wangdi
- HEAL Global Research Centre, Health Research Institute, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Bruce, Australia
| | - Joseph A. Bunting-Graden
- Directorate of Health Security and Emergencies, Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Saidu Bamayange
- Livestock & Veterinary Services Division Ministry of Agriculture & Food Security, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Andrew M. Adamu
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
- College of Public Health Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Suman D. Gupta
- School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
- Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
| | | | | | - J. Scott Weese
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, Guelph, Canada
| | - Charles E. Rupprecht
- College of Forestry, Wildlife & Environment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Nicholas J. Clark
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Australia
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Mshelbwala PP, Rupprecht CE, Osinubi MO, Njoga EO, Orum TG, Weese JS, Clark NJ. Factors influencing canine rabies vaccination among dog-owning households in Nigeria. One Health 2024; 18:100751. [PMID: 38827784 PMCID: PMC11141449 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Rabies perpetuates in Nigeria despite initiatives like the Regional Disease Surveillance System Enhancement Project, with evidence indicating suboptimal canine vaccination rates as a contributing factor. To inform effective planning of mass dog vaccination campaigns, it is crucial to understand the factors associated with variation in canine vaccination rates. We conducted a cross-sectional study in 2022 to understand factors associated with canine vaccination. We used stratified random sampling of the streets and dog-owning households to survey 4162 households from three states and the Federal Capital Territory (FCT). We then built a joint probabilistic model to understand factors associated with dog vaccination and non-vaccination. First, we modelled rabies knowledge as a latent variable indirectly measured with several targeted survey questions. This method allowed a respondent's unobserved understanding of rabies to be estimated using their responses to a collection of survey questions that targeted different aspects of rabies epidemiology and took various possible response distributions (i.e., ordinal, categorical, binary). Second, we modelled factors influencing pet owners' decisions to vaccinate their dogs against rabies and barriers to dog vaccination among dog owners whose dogs were not vaccinated against rabies. Posterior distributions revealed that the probability of dog vaccination was positively associated with the owner's latent knowledge of rabies, civil servant service employment, residence in the FCT, ownership of a single dog, providing care to dogs, and a preference for contemporary treatment following a dog bite. Conversely, non-vaccination was positively associated with private employment, residing in Anambra and Enugu states, owning multiple dogs, allowing dogs to search for leftovers, and a preference for traditional treatment after a dog bite. Cost was the primary barrier against vaccination for dog owners in Anambra and Enugu, while mistrust posed a major challenge for those in the FCT. Owners in areas with veterinary establishments cited cost as a barrier, while those without a veterinary establishment cited access as the primary barrier. Our study underscores the need to enhance rabies knowledge, tailor vaccination campaigns to specific demographics, address financial and access barriers, and combat hesitancy to improve rabies vaccination rates in Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip P. Mshelbwala
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Abuja, Nigeria
- Department of Primary Industries, NSW, Australia
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Charles E. Rupprecht
- College of Forestry, Wildlife & Environment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | | | - Emmanuel O. Njoga
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nigeria
| | - Terese G. Orum
- Regional Disease Surveillance System Enhancement Project, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - J. Scott Weese
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, Guelph, Canada
| | - Nicholas J. Clark
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Australia
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Auplish A, Raj E, Booijink Y, de Balogh K, Peyre M, Taylor K, Sumption K, Häsler B. Current evidence of the economic value of One Health initiatives: A systematic literature review. One Health 2024; 18:100755. [PMID: 38770400 PMCID: PMC11103946 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2024.100755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Funding and financing for One Health initiatives at country level remain challenging as investments commonly require demonstrated evidence of economic value or returns. The objectives of this review were to i) identify, critically analyse and summarise quantitative evidence of the net economic value of One Health initiatives; ii) document methodologies commonly used in the scientific literature; and iii) describe common challenges and any evidence gaps. Scientific databases were searched for published literature following the PRISMA guidelines and an online survey and workshop with subject matter experts were used to identify relevant grey literature. Studies were included if they reported on quantitative costs and benefits (monetary and non-monetary) and were measured across at least two sectors. Relevant publications were analysed and plotted against the six action tracks of the Quadripartite One Health Joint Plan of Action to help classify the initiatives. Ninety-seven studies were included. Eighty studies involved only two sectors and 78 reported a positive economic value or return. Of those studies that reported a positive return, 49 did not compare with a sectoral counterfactual, 28 studies demonstrated an added value of using a cross-sectoral approach, and 6 studies demonstrated an added value of One Health communication, collaboration, coordination, and capacity building. Included studies most frequently related to endemic zoonotic, neglected tropical and vector-borne diseases, followed by health of the environment and food safety. However, diversity in economic analysis methodology between studies included resulted in difficulty to compare or combine findings. While there is a growing body of evidence of the value of One Health initiatives, a substantial part of the evidence still focuses on "traditional" One Health topics, particularly zoonoses. Developing a standardised and practical approach for One Health economic evaluation will facilitate assessment of the added value and gather evidence for One Health to be invested in and endorsed by multiple sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aashima Auplish
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 00153 Rome, Italy
| | - Eleanor Raj
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 00153 Rome, Italy
| | - Yoeri Booijink
- Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique Pour le Développement (CIRAD), Montpellier Cedex 5 34398, France
| | - Katinka de Balogh
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 00153 Rome, Italy
| | - Marisa Peyre
- Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique Pour le Développement (CIRAD), Montpellier Cedex 5 34398, France
| | - Katrin Taylor
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 00153 Rome, Italy
| | - Keith Sumption
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 00153 Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Häsler
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 00153 Rome, Italy
- Royal Veterinary College, London NW1 0TU, UK
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Joy S, Rahi M. Empowering lymphatic filariasis affected individuals in India: acknowledging disability status and ensuring justice. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. SOUTHEAST ASIA 2024; 25:100400. [PMID: 38601259 PMCID: PMC11004378 DOI: 10.1016/j.lansea.2024.100400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Sam Joy
- Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Manju Rahi
- Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
- ICMR-Vector Control Research Centre, Puducherry, India
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Leandri M, Dalmas L. One Health Economics: why and how economics should take on the interdisciplinary challenges of a promising public health paradigm. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1379176. [PMID: 38883196 PMCID: PMC11177617 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1379176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
In this perspective paper, we argue that Economics could and should contribute to the development and implementation of the One Health approach currently emerging as a relevant interdisciplinary framework to address present and future infectious diseases. We show how proven tools from Health and Environmental Economics, such as burden evaluation, can be extended to fit the One Health multisectoral perspective. This global health framework could also benefit significantly from Economics to design efficient schemes for prevention and disease control. In return, adapting Economics to the challenges of One Health issues could pave the way for exciting developments in the Economics discipline itself, across many subfields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Leandri
- UMI SOURCE, Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, IRD, Guyancourt, France
| | - Laurent Dalmas
- UMI SOURCE, Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, IRD, Guyancourt, France
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Nujum ZT, Asaria M, Kurup KK, Mini M, Mazumdar S, Daptardar M, Tiwari H. Cost-effectiveness of One Health interventions for rabies elimination: a systematic review. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2024; 118:223-233. [PMID: 37903657 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trad074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The 'One Health' (OH) approach is the most promising idea in realising the global goal of eliminating canine-mediated human rabies by 2030. However, taking an OH approach to rabies elimination can mean many different things to different people. We conducted a systematic review scrutinizing economic evaluations (EEs) retrieved from MEDLINE OVID, Embase OVID, Global Health OVID, CINAHL EBSCO and ECONLIT EBSCO that used the OH approach with the intent of identifying cost-effective sets of interventions that can be combined to implement an optimal OH-based rabies elimination program and highlight key gaps in the knowledge base. Our review suggests that an optimal OH program to tackle rabies should incorporate mass dog vaccination and integrated bite case management in combination with efficient use of post-exposure prophylaxis along with a shift to a 1-week abbreviated intradermal rabies vaccine regimen in humans. We recommend that future EEs of OH interventions for rabies elimination should be performed alongside implementation research to ensure proposed interventions are feasible and adopt a wider societal perspective taking into account costs and outcomes across both the human health and animal welfare sectors. The systematic review has been registered with PROSPERO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zinia T Nujum
- Senior Visiting Fellow, Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, London WC2A2AE, UK
| | - Miqdad Asaria
- Assistant Professor, Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, London WC2A2AE, UK
| | - Karishma Krishna Kurup
- Research Fellow, Center for Universal Health, Chatham House (Royal Institute of International Affairs) London, UK
| | - Malathi Mini
- MSc Global Health Policy Candidate, London School of Economics and Political Science, London WC2A2AE, UK
| | - Sumit Mazumdar
- Research Fellow (Global Health), Centre for Health Economics, University of York Visiting Senior Fellow, Institute for Human Development, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Harish Tiwari
- DBT Wellcome India Alliance CPH Intermediate Fellow, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, India
- Research Affiliate, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Rupprecht CE, Buchanan T, Cliquet F, King R, Müller T, Yakobson B, Yang DK. A Global Perspective on Oral Vaccination of Wildlife against Rabies. J Wildl Dis 2024; 60:241-284. [PMID: 38381612 DOI: 10.7589/jwd-d-23-00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
The long-term mitigation of human-domestic animal-wildlife conflicts is complex and difficult. Over the last 50 yr, the primary biomedical concepts and actualized collaborative global field applications of oral rabies vaccination to wildlife serve as one dramatic example that revolutionized the field of infectious disease management of free-ranging animals. Oral vaccination of wildlife occurred in diverse locales within Africa, Eurasia, the Middle East, and North America. Although rabies is not a candidate for eradication, over a billion doses of vaccine-laden baits distributed strategically by hand, at baiting stations, or via aircraft, resulted in widespread disease prevention, control, or local disease elimination among mesocarnivores. Pure, potent, safe, and efficacious vaccines consisted of either modified-live, highly attenuated, or recombinant viruses contained within attractive, edible baits. Since the late 1970s, major free-ranging target species have included coyotes (Canis latrans), foxes (Urocyon cinereoargenteus; Vulpes vulpes), jackals (Canis aureus; Lupulella mesomelas), raccoons (Procyon lotor), raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides), and skunks (Mephitis mephitis). Operational progress has occurred in all but the latter species. Programmatic evaluations of oral rabies vaccination success have included: demonstration of biomarkers incorporated within vaccine-laden baits in target species as representative of bait contact; serological measurement of the induction of specific rabies virus neutralizing antibodies, indicative of an immune response to vaccine; and most importantly, the decreasing detection of rabies virus antigens in the brains of collected animals via enhanced laboratory-based surveillance, as evidence of management impact. Although often conceived mistakenly as a panacea, such cost-effective technology applied to free-ranging wildlife represents a real-world, One Health application benefiting agriculture, conservation biology, and public health. Based upon lessons learned with oral rabies vaccination of mesocarnivores, opportunities for future extension to other taxa and additional diseases will have far-reaching, transdisciplinary benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles E Rupprecht
- College of Forestry, Wildlife and Environment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, 602 Duncan Drive, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA
| | - Tore Buchanan
- Wildlife Research and Monitoring Section, Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources and Forestry, Trent University, 2140 East Bank Drive, Peterborough, Ontario K9L1Z8, Canada
| | - Florence Cliquet
- ANSES, Nancy Laboratory for Rabies and Wildlife, European Union Reference Laboratory for Rabies Serology, European Union Reference Laboratory for Rabies, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Management in Zoonoses Control, WOAH Reference Laboratory for Rabies, Technopôle Agricole et Vétérinaire, Domaine de Pixérécourt, CS 40009 Malzeville, France
| | - Roni King
- Israel Nature and Parks Authority, Am V'Olamo 3, Jerusalem 95463, Israel
| | - Thomas Müller
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, WHO Collaborating Centre for Rabies Surveillance and Research, WOAH Reference Laboratory for Rabies, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Boris Yakobson
- WOAH Reference Laboratory for Rabies, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Derech HaMaccabim 62, Rishon Lezion, 50250, Israel
| | - Dong-Kun Yang
- Viral Disease Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, 39660, Republic of Korea
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10
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Alemayehu T, Oguttu B, Rupprecht CE, Niyas VKM. Rabies vaccinations save lives but where are the vaccines? Global vaccine inequity and escalating rabies-related mortality in low- and middle-income countries. Int J Infect Dis 2024; 140:49-51. [PMID: 38232796 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2024.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tinsae Alemayehu
- International Society for Infectious Diseases, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent health, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent health, St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Benson Oguttu
- Kampala International University Teaching Hospital, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Charles E Rupprecht
- College of Forestry, Wildlife and Environment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Vettakkara Kandy Muhammed Niyas
- International Society for Infectious Diseases, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Infectious Diseases, KIMSHEALTH, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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11
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Silva JGN, Silva SDS, Gomes TCM, Nascimento GDS, Valentim LDA, Quaresma TC, Fernandes FDP, Oliveira SMSD, Moraes WP. Empowering Riverine Communities in the Amazon: Strategies for Preventing Rabies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:117. [PMID: 38276811 PMCID: PMC10815026 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21010117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Rabies, caused by the Lyssavirus genus, is a highly lethal zoonotic disease transmitted by animals such as bats and domestic and wild carnivores to humans, claiming nearly 100% of lives. In Brazil, recent evidence suggests an increasing role of bats in human deaths from rabies, particularly in the Amazon region. This neglected tropical disease disproportionately affects impoverished and vulnerable populations in rural areas, where approximately 80% of human cases are concentrated. This article presents research conducted in riverine communities of the Tapajós/Arapiuns Extractive Reserve in Brazil to combat rabies in September 2022. The study adopted a participatory and collaborative approach, involving community members, healthcare professionals, and educators. Prioritizing proactive interventions, the health team administered prophylactic vaccinations to 30 individuals residing in communities exposed to the Lyssavirus. Educational activities focused on dispelling myths and raising awareness about preventive measures, with 100% of individuals reporting prior doubts about the disease, emphasizing the essential nature of the clarification, especially regarding preventive aspects. This study underscores the importance of community involvement, personalized interventions, and ongoing education to effectively combat rabies. By reinforcing public health policies and promoting health education, we can empower communities to take proactive measures in rabies prevention, leading to a reduction in incidence and an improvement in quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Waldiney Pires Moraes
- Department of Health, Federal University of Western Pará/UFOPA, Santarém 68040-090, Brazil
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12
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Ashwini MA, Pattanaik A, Mani RS. Recent updates on laboratory diagnosis of rabies. Indian J Med Res 2024; 159:48-61. [PMID: 38376376 PMCID: PMC10954107 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_131_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Rabies is a lethal viral disease transmitted through the bite of rabid animals. India has a high burden of rabies, contributing to a significant proportion of the global deaths. However, under-reporting of the disease is prevalent due to lack of laboratory confirmation. Laboratory diagnosis of rabies plays a crucial role in differentiating the disease from clinical mimics, initiation of appropriate care, implementing infection control measures and informing disease surveillance. This review provides an overview of the recent advancements in laboratory diagnosis of rabies, aimed at updating physicians involved in diagnosis and management of rabies cases in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. A. Ashwini
- Department of Neurovirology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Amrita Pattanaik
- Department of Neurovirology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
- Department of Virus Research, Manipal Institute of Virology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Reeta S. Mani
- Department of Neurovirology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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13
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Mor N. Organising for One Health in a developing country. One Health 2023; 17:100611. [PMID: 37588424 PMCID: PMC10425406 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2023.100611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, zoonotic diseases pose an enormous and growing public health challenge, and developing countries like India are at the epicentre of it. Although there is general recognition of this reality, governments around the world have struggled to organise appropriately to respond to it. The widely held view is that organising for One Health requires effective cross-sectoral collaboration, but the prerequisites to enable such collaboration appear almost unattainable. Perhaps an entirely different approach is needed, which is over and above effective collaborations between competing government ministries. The approach would have to recognise that while any organisational response will need to be able to address identified zoonotic diseases and respond effectively to them in times of crises, it would also be required to have the ability to shape the response to megatrends such as climate change, deforestation, and the underlying development models of the country. The paper analyses the success and failures associated with the way in which India, Bangladesh, Kenya, and Rwanda have organised for One Health. It also studies the underlying pathways through which zoonotic spillovers take place, and epidemics gather momentum. Based on these critical analyses, the paper concludes that attempts to build single overarching units to address these challenges have only been partially effective. Given the scale and complexity of the challenge, it recommends that, even at the risk of duplication and the very real possibility that unaddressed gaps will remain, an approach, which builds multiple sharply focused units, would have a greater chance of success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nachiket Mor
- Banyan Academy of Leadership in Mental Health, India
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14
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Acharya KP, Kwon R, Cho SH, Yon DK. Rabies control in Nepal: a missed opportunity. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1184371. [PMID: 37799411 PMCID: PMC10548377 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1184371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Prasad Acharya
- Animal Quarantine Office Kathmandu, Department of Livestock Services (DLS), Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Rosie Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Seong Ho Cho
- Division of Allergy-Immunology, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Dong Keon Yon
- Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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15
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Fielding HR, Fernandes KA, Amulya VR, Belgayer D, Misquita A, Kenny R, Gibson AD, Gamble L, Bronsvoort BMDC, Mellanby RJ, Mazeri S. Capturing free-roaming dogs for sterilisation: A multi-site study in Goa, India. Prev Vet Med 2023; 218:105996. [PMID: 37595388 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2023.105996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Sterilisation and rabies vaccination programs seek to manage free-roaming domestic dog (Canis familiaris) populations with the aim to reduce inter-species disease transmission and conflicts. As effective, permanent, remotely-administered options are not yet available for sterilisation, and oral vaccination is not yet commonly used; free-roaming dogs are typically captured for these interventions. There is a paucity of information describing how dog capture rates change over time within defined areas following repeated capture efforts. This data is needed to allow efficient dog capture programmes to be developed. Using spatial co-ordinates of dog capture, we characterise where dogs are more likely to be captured in six catch-sterilise-release campaigns, in Goa state, India. Combining capture numbers with population survey data collected in five sites, we document the increasing difficulty of catching entire (non-sterilised) dogs as sterilisation coverage increases and demonstrate how this leads to increased unit costs. Accounting for the extra resources required to capture dogs when sterilisation coverage is high will improve estimation of the resources required to manage free-roaming dog populations and assist in planning the most efficient intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- H R Fielding
- The Epidemiology, Economics and Risk Assessment (EERA) Group, The Roslin Institute and the Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies (R(D)SVS), Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK.
| | - K A Fernandes
- Worldwide Veterinary Service, Ooty, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - V R Amulya
- Worldwide Veterinary Service, Ooty, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - D Belgayer
- Worldwide Veterinary Service, Ooty, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A Misquita
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Services, Government of Goa and The Goa Veterinary Association, Pashusamwardhan Bhavan, Patto, Panaji 403401, Goa, India
| | - R Kenny
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Services, Government of Goa and The Goa Veterinary Association, Pashusamwardhan Bhavan, Patto, Panaji 403401, Goa, India
| | - A D Gibson
- Worldwide Veterinary Service, 4 Castle Street, Cranborne, Dorset BH21 5PZ, UK
| | - L Gamble
- Worldwide Veterinary Service, 4 Castle Street, Cranborne, Dorset BH21 5PZ, UK
| | - B M de C Bronsvoort
- The Epidemiology, Economics and Risk Assessment (EERA) Group, The Roslin Institute and the Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies (R(D)SVS), Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
| | - R J Mellanby
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
| | - S Mazeri
- The Epidemiology, Economics and Risk Assessment (EERA) Group, The Roslin Institute and the Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies (R(D)SVS), Easter Bush, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
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16
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Dasgupta R, Roy P. National Action Plan for Dog-Mediated Rabies Elimination: A One Health Approach to Catalytic Response is Key to India Achieving the Target by 2030. Indian J Community Med 2023; 48:637-638. [PMID: 37970176 PMCID: PMC10637600 DOI: 10.4103/ijcm.ijcm_554_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rajib Dasgupta
- Department of One Health Poultry Hub, Centre of Social Medicine and Community Health, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - Pritam Roy
- Public Health Specialist, Fellow IPHA, West Bengal, India
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17
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Cuddington K, McAuliffe WHB. Optimising rabies vaccination of dogs in India. Epidemiol Infect 2023; 151:e164. [PMID: 37606523 PMCID: PMC10600733 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268823001334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Dog vaccination is the key to controlling rabies in human populations. However, in countries like India, with large free-roaming dog populations, vaccination strategies that rely only on parenteral vaccines are unlikely to be either feasible or successful. Oral rabies vaccines could be used to reach these dogs. We use cost estimates for an Indian city and linear optimisation to find the most cost-effective vaccination strategies. We show that an oral bait handout method for dogs that are never confined can reduce the per dog costs of vaccination and increase vaccine coverage. This finding holds even when baits cost up to 10x the price of parenteral vaccines, if there is a large dog population or proportion of dogs that are never confined. We suggest that oral rabies vaccine baits will be part of the most cost-effective strategies to eliminate human deaths from dog-mediated rabies by 2030.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Cuddington
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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18
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Holtz A, Baele G, Bourhy H, Zhukova A. Integrating full and partial genome sequences to decipher the global spread of canine rabies virus. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4247. [PMID: 37460566 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39847-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the rapid growth in viral genome sequencing, statistical methods face challenges in handling historical viral endemic diseases with large amounts of underutilized partial sequence data. We propose a phylogenetic pipeline that harnesses both full and partial viral genome sequences to investigate historical pathogen spread between countries. Its application to rabies virus (RABV) yields precise dating and confident estimates of its geographic dispersal. By using full genomes and partial sequences, we reduce both geographic and genetic biases that often hinder studies that focus on specific genes. Our pipeline reveals an emergence of the present canine-mediated RABV between years 1301 and 1403 and reveals regional introductions over a 700-year period. This geographic reconstruction enables us to locate episodes of human-mediated introductions of RABV and examine the role that European colonization played in its spread. Our approach enables phylogeographic analysis of large and genetically diverse data sets for many viral pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Holtz
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Lyssavirus Epidemiology and Neuropathology Unit, F-75015, Paris, France.
| | - Guy Baele
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hervé Bourhy
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Lyssavirus Epidemiology and Neuropathology Unit, F-75015, Paris, France
- World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Reference and Research on Rabies, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Anna Zhukova
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, F-75015, Paris, France.
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19
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Rupprecht CE, Mshelbwala PP, Reeves RG, Kuzmin IV. Rabies in a postpandemic world: resilient reservoirs, redoubtable riposte, recurrent roadblocks, and resolute recidivism. ANIMAL DISEASES 2023; 3:15. [PMID: 37252063 PMCID: PMC10195671 DOI: 10.1186/s44149-023-00078-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Rabies is an ancient disease. Two centuries since Pasteur, fundamental progress occurred in virology, vaccinology, and diagnostics-and an understanding of pathobiology and epizootiology of rabies in testament to One Health-before common terminological coinage. Prevention, control, selective elimination, and even the unthinkable-occasional treatment-of this zoonosis dawned by the twenty-first century. However, in contrast to smallpox and rinderpest, eradication is a wishful misnomer applied to rabies, particularly post-COVID-19 pandemic. Reasons are minion. Polyhostality encompasses bats and mesocarnivores, but other mammals represent a diverse spectrum of potential hosts. While rabies virus is the classical member of the genus, other species of lyssaviruses also cause the disease. Some reservoirs remain cryptic. Although global, this viral encephalitis is untreatable and often ignored. As with other neglected diseases, laboratory-based surveillance falls short of the notifiable ideal, especially in lower- and middle-income countries. Calculation of actual burden defaults to a flux within broad health economic models. Competing priorities, lack of defined, long-term international donors, and shrinking local champions challenge human prophylaxis and mass dog vaccination toward targets of 2030 for even canine rabies impacts. For prevention, all licensed vaccines are delivered to the individual, whether parenteral or oral-essentially 'one and done'. Exploiting mammalian social behaviors, future 'spreadable vaccines' might increase the proportion of immunized hosts per unit effort. However, the release of replication-competent, genetically modified organisms selectively engineered to spread intentionally throughout a population raises significant biological, ethical, and regulatory issues in need of broader, transdisciplinary discourse. How this rather curious idea will evolve toward actual unconventional prevention, control, or elimination in the near term remains debatable. In the interim, more precise terminology and realistic expectations serve as the norm for diverse, collective constituents to maintain progress in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles E. Rupprecht
- College of Forestry, Wildlife & Environment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849 USA
| | - Philip P. Mshelbwala
- School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland, Gatton, Australia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - R. Guy Reeves
- Max Planck Institut Für Evolutionsbiologie, 24306 Plön, Germany
| | - Ivan V. Kuzmin
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555 USA
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20
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Thukral H, Shanmugasundaram K, Riyesh T, Kumar N, Singha H, Gambhir D, Laura A, Tiwari S, Gulati BR. Multisectoral prioritization of zoonotic diseases in Haryana (India) using one health approach. Prev Vet Med 2023; 212:105835. [PMID: 36642015 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2022.105835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Zoonotic diseases have huge livestock and public health burden worldwide, including India. Prioritizing zoonotic diseases is one of the important tasks under 'One Health' as it facilitates effective policy making, proper allocation of resources and promotion of multisectoral collaboration. Although some efforts have been made to prioritizing zoonotic diseases at national level in India, it is important to identify priority diseases in regional settings due to wide variation in climate and demography of different states. Therefore, the present study aims to prioritize zoonotic diseases for the state of Haryana (India). One Health Zoonotic Disease Prioritization (OHZDP) tool was used in this study to prioritize zoonotic diseases. Based on literature review of the past 23 years (2000-2022) on prevalence, morbidity, and mortality of zoonotic diseases, twenty-three high-scoring zoonotic diseases in Haryana and neighboring states of India were initially shortlisted for prioritization. A three-day participatory workshop was conducted involving 17 experts representing the Health, Animal Husbandry and Wildlife departments of Haryana. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to rank the criteria, which were used to score the selected diseases using the decision tree analysis. The participants selected the following 7 criteria along with their relative weights to score the diseases: (1) Severity of disease in humans, (2) Severity of disease in animals, (3) Presence of disease in the region, (4) Transmission and outbreak potential, (5) Socio-economic impact, (6) Availability of interventions, and (7) Existing inter-sectoral collaboration for surveillance and reporting. The top scoring eight diseases selected as priority zoonotic diseases for Haryana were rabies, Japanese encephalitis, bovine tuberculosis, leptospirosis, avian influenza (H5N1), brucellosis, glanders and Influenza A (H1N1). Sensitivity analysis did not reveal any significant variation in prioritization results by varying criteria weights. This is the first systemic attempt to prioritize zoonotic diseases in the state and this will help in formulating effective monitoring, prevention, and control strategies for zoonotic diseases in the regional settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanul Thukral
- ICAR - National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, Haryana, India.
| | | | - T Riyesh
- ICAR - National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, Haryana, India.
| | - Naveen Kumar
- ICAR - National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, Haryana, India.
| | | | - Dolly Gambhir
- State Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme, Panchkula, Haryana, India.
| | - Azad Laura
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying, Pashudhan Bhawan, Panchkula, Haryana, India.
| | - Simmi Tiwari
- National Centre for Disease Control, New Delhi, India.
| | - Baldev R Gulati
- ICAR - National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, Haryana, India.
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21
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Goel K, Sen A, Satapathy P, Kumar P, Aggarwal AK, Sah R, Padhi BK. Human rabies control in the era of post-COVID-19: a call for action. J Travel Med 2023:taad009. [PMID: 36715149 DOI: 10.1093/jtm/taad009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Following the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a sharp increase in rabies cases and deaths. Rabies outbreaks are being reported worldwide. Multiple disruptions in Rabies control occurred during the pandemic, significantly affecting lower-income countries. Countries need to develop specific action plans to become 'rabies free' by 2030.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kapil Goel
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Arunima Sen
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Prakasini Satapathy
- Department of Virology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Pawan Kumar
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Arun Kumar Aggarwal
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ranjit Sah
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Bijaya Kumar Padhi
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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22
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Bonilla-Aldana DK, Ruiz-Saenz J, Martinez-Gutierrez M, Villamil-Gomez W, Mantilla-Meluk H, Arrieta G, León-Figueroa DA, Benites-Zapata V, Barboza JJ, Muñoz-Del-Carpio-Toia A, Franco OH, Cabrera M, Sah R, Al-Tawfiq JA, Memish ZA, Amer FA, Suárez JA, Henao-Martinez AF, Franco-Paredes C, Zumla A, Rodriguez-Morales AJ. Zero by 2030 and OneHealth: The multidisciplinary challenges of rabies control and elimination. Travel Med Infect Dis 2023; 51:102509. [PMID: 36435448 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2022.102509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D Katterine Bonilla-Aldana
- Research Unit, Universidad Continental, Huancayo, Peru; Committee of Tropical Medicine, Zoonoses and Travel Medicine, Asociación Colombiana de Infectología (ACIN), Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - Julian Ruiz-Saenz
- Committee of Tropical Medicine, Zoonoses and Travel Medicine, Asociación Colombiana de Infectología (ACIN), Bogotá, DC, Colombia; Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Animales-GRICA, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Marlen Martinez-Gutierrez
- Committee of Tropical Medicine, Zoonoses and Travel Medicine, Asociación Colombiana de Infectología (ACIN), Bogotá, DC, Colombia; Grupo de Investigación en Microbiología Veterinaria, Escuela de Microbiología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Wilmer Villamil-Gomez
- Committee of Tropical Medicine, Zoonoses and Travel Medicine, Asociación Colombiana de Infectología (ACIN), Bogotá, DC, Colombia; Secretaría de Salud de Barranquilla, Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia
| | - Hugo Mantilla-Meluk
- Colección de Mastozoología y Centro de Estudios de Alta Montaña, Universidad del Quindío, Carrera 15 Calle 12N, Armenia, Quindío, Colombia
| | - German Arrieta
- Committee of Tropical Medicine, Zoonoses and Travel Medicine, Asociación Colombiana de Infectología ACIN, Bogotá, DC, Colombia; Universidad de Córdoba, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas del Trópico, Clínica Salud Social Sincelejo, Corporación Universitaria del Caribe: CECAR, Sucre, Colombia
| | - Darwin A León-Figueroa
- Facultad de Medicina Humana, Universidad de San Martín de Porres, Chiclayo, Peru; Unidad de Revisiones Sistemáticas y Meta-Análisis, Tau-Relaped Group, Trujillo, Peru
| | - Vicente Benites-Zapata
- Unidad de Investigación para la Generación y Síntesis de Evidencias en Salud, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Peru
| | - Joshuan J Barboza
- Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad Norbert Wiener, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Oscar H Franco
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Maritza Cabrera
- Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Maule CIEAM, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, 3480094, Chile; Facultad Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, 3480094, Chile
| | - Ranjit Sah
- Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal; Research Scholar, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Dr. D.Y Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jaffar A Al-Tawfiq
- Specialty Internal Medicine and Quality Department, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia; Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ziad A Memish
- Al-Faisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Saud Medical City, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Fatma A Amer
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig, Egypt; Chair of Viral Infection Working Group, and Executive Committee Member, International Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy VIWG/ISAC, Egypt
| | - José Antonio Suárez
- Instituto Conmemorativo Gorgas de Estudios de la Salud, Investigator 1 of the SNI, Senacyt, Panama City, Panama
| | - Andres F Henao-Martinez
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E. 19th Avenue, Mail Stop B168, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Carlos Franco-Paredes
- Hospital Infantil de México, Federico Gómez, México City, Mexico; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Alimuddin Zumla
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, UK; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | - Alfonso J Rodriguez-Morales
- Committee of Tropical Medicine, Zoonoses and Travel Medicine, Asociación Colombiana de Infectología ACIN, Bogotá, DC, Colombia; Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon; Master of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, 4861, Peru; Grupo de Investigación Biomedicina, Faculty of Medicine, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas - Institución Universitaria Visión de las Américas, 660003, Pereira, Risaralda, Colombia; Editor-in-Chief, Travel Medicine and Infectious Diseases.
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23
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Taaffe J, Sharma R, Parthiban ABR, Singh J, Kaur P, Singh BB, Gill JPS, Gopal DR, Dhand NK, Parekh FK. One Health activities to reinforce intersectoral coordination at local levels in India. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1041447. [PMID: 36960366 PMCID: PMC10029730 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1041447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
India's dense human and animal populations, agricultural economy, changing environment, and social dynamics support conditions for emergence/re-emergence of zoonotic diseases that necessitate a One Health (OH) approach for control. In addition to OH national level frameworks, effective OH driven strategies that promote local intersectoral coordination and collaboration are needed to truly address zoonotic diseases in India. We conducted a literature review to assess the landscape of OH activities at local levels in India that featured intersectoral coordination and collaboration and supplemented it with our own experience conducting OH related activities with local partners. We identified key themes and examples in local OH activities. Our landscape assessment demonstrated that intersectoral collaboration primarily occurs through specific research activities and during outbreaks, however, there is limited formal coordination among veterinary, medical, and environmental professionals on the day-to-day prevention and detection of zoonotic diseases at district/sub-district levels in India. Examples of local OH driven intersectoral coordination include the essential role of veterinarians in COVID-19 diagnostics, testing of human samples in veterinary labs for Brucella and leptospirosis in Punjab and Tamil Nadu, respectively, and implementation of OH education targeted to school children and farmers in rural communities. There is an opportunity to strengthen local intersectoral coordination between animal, human and environmental health sectors by building on these activities and formalizing the existing collaborative networks. As India moves forward with broad OH initiatives, OH networks and experience at the local level from previous or ongoing activities can support implementation from the ground up.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rajnish Sharma
- Centre for One Health, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Aravindh Babu R. Parthiban
- Translational Research Platform for Veterinary Biologicals, Centre for Animal Health Studies, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jaswinder Singh
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Husbandry Extension Education, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Paviter Kaur
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Balbir B. Singh
- Centre for One Health, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Jatinder P. S. Gill
- Centre for One Health, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
| | - Dhinakar Raj Gopal
- Translational Research Platform for Veterinary Biologicals, Centre for Animal Health Studies, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Navneet K. Dhand
- EpiPointe, Cary, NC, United States
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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24
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Giraudet CSE, Liu K, McElligott AG, Cobb M. Are children and dogs best friends? A scoping review to explore the positive and negative effects of child-dog interactions. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14532. [PMID: 36570006 PMCID: PMC9774011 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Personal wellbeing is greatly influenced by our childhood and adolescence, and the relationships formed during those phases of our development. The human-dog bond represents a significant relationship that started thousands of years ago. There is a higher prevalence of dog ownership around the world, especially in households including children. This has resulted in a growing number of researchers studying our interactions with dogs and an expanding evidence base from the exploration of child-dog interactions. We review the potential effects of child-dog interactions on the physical, mental, and social wellbeing of both species. A search of the SCOPUS database identified documents published between January 1980 and April 2022. Filtering for key inclusion criteria, duplicate removals, and inspecting the references of these documents for additional sources, we reviewed a total of 393 documents, 88% of which were scientific articles. We were able to define the numerous ways in which children and dogs interact, be it neutral (e.g., sharing a common area), positive (e.g., petting), or negative (e.g., biting). Then, we found evidence for an association between childhood interaction with dogs and an array of benefits such as increased physical activities, a reduction of stress, and the development of empathy. Nonetheless, several detrimental outcomes have also been identified for both humans and dogs. Children are the most at-risk population regarding dog bites and dog-borne zoonoses, which may lead to injuries/illness, a subsequent fear of dogs, or even death. Moreover, pet bereavement is generally inevitable when living with a canine companion and should not be trivialized. With a canine focus, children sometimes take part in caretaking behaviors toward them, such as feeding or going for walks. These represent opportunities for dogs to relieve themselves outside, but also to exercise and socialize. By contrast, a lack of physical activity can lead to the onset of obesity in both dogs and children. Dogs may present greater levels of stress when in the presence of children. Finally, the welfare of assistance, therapy, and free-roaming dogs who may interact with children remains underexplored. Overall, it appears that the benefits of child-dog interactions outweigh the risks for children but not for dogs; determination of the effects on both species, positive as well as negative, still requires further development. We call for longitudinal studies and cross-cultural research in the future to better understand the impact of child-dog interactions. Our review is important for people in and outside of the scientific community, to pediatricians, veterinarians, and current or future dog owners seeking to extend their knowledge, and to inform future research of scientists studying dogs and human-animal interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire S. E. Giraudet
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Animal Health and Welfare, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Animal Health Research Centre, Chengdu Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Chengdu, China
| | - Alan G. McElligott
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Animal Health and Welfare, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mia Cobb
- Animal Welfare Science Centre, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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25
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Thumbi SM, Blumberg L, le Roux K, Salahuddin N, Abela B. A call to accelerate an end to human rabies deaths. Lancet 2022; 400:2261-2264. [PMID: 36528379 PMCID: PMC9754655 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(22)02487-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S M Thumbi
- Center for Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Paul G Allen School for Global Health, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
| | - Lucille Blumberg
- Right to Care, Centurion, South Africa; Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Tshwane, South Africa
| | - Kevin le Roux
- Epidemiology Unit, Veterinary Services, Department of Agriculture and Rural Development, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; South African Rabies Advisory Group, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Naseem Salahuddin
- Faculty of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Indus Hospital and Health Network, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Bernadette Abela
- Department of the Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases, WHO, Geneva, Switzerland
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26
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Feng X, Wang S, Cheng G, Guo X, Zhou X. Editorial: Needs and potential application of One Health approach in the control of vector-borne and zoonotic infectious disease. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1089174. [DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1089174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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