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Ebedes D, Borlongan CV. Going straight for the gut: gut-brain axis pathology and treatment of Parkinson's disease. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:2111-2112. [PMID: 38488543 PMCID: PMC11034609 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.392885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Ebedes
- University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Cesar V. Borlongan
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
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2
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Das V, Miller JH, Alladi CG, Annadurai N, De Sanctis JB, Hrubá L, Hajdúch M. Antineoplastics for treating Alzheimer's disease and dementia: Evidence from preclinical and observational studies. Med Res Rev 2024; 44:2078-2111. [PMID: 38530106 DOI: 10.1002/med.22033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
As the world population ages, there will be an increasing need for effective therapies for aging-associated neurodegenerative disorders, which remain untreatable. Dementia due to Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the leading neurological diseases in the aging population. Current therapeutic approaches to treat this disorder are solely symptomatic, making the need for new molecular entities acting on the causes of the disease extremely urgent. One of the potential solutions is to use compounds that are already in the market. The structures have known pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, toxicity profiles, and patient data available in several countries. Several drugs have been used successfully to treat diseases different from their original purposes, such as autoimmunity and peripheral inflammation. Herein, we divulge the repurposing of drugs in the area of neurodegenerative diseases, focusing on the therapeutic potential of antineoplastics to treat dementia due to AD and dementia. We briefly touch upon the shared pathological mechanism between AD and cancer and drug repurposing strategies, with a focus on artificial intelligence. Next, we bring out the current status of research on the development of drugs, provide supporting evidence from retrospective, clinical, and preclinical studies on antineoplastic use, and bring in new areas, such as repurposing drugs for the prion-like spreading of pathologies in treating AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viswanath Das
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University and University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Czech Advanced Technologies and Research Institute (CATRIN), Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - John H Miller
- School of Biological Sciences and Centre for Biodiscovery, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Charanraj Goud Alladi
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University and University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Narendran Annadurai
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University and University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Juan Bautista De Sanctis
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University and University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Czech Advanced Technologies and Research Institute (CATRIN), Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Hrubá
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University and University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Czech Advanced Technologies and Research Institute (CATRIN), Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marián Hajdúch
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacký University and University Hospital Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Czech Advanced Technologies and Research Institute (CATRIN), Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czech Republic
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3
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Pérez Visñuk D, LeBlanc JG, de Moreno de LeBlanc A. Neuroprotective Effects Exerted by a Combination of Selected Lactic Acid Bacteria in a Mouse Parkinsonism Model under Levodopa-Benserazide Treatment. Neurochem Res 2024:10.1007/s11064-024-04217-6. [PMID: 39088165 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-024-04217-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Alterations of the microbiota-gut-brain axis has been associated with intestinal and neuronal inflammation in Parkinson's disease (PD). The aim of this work was to study some mechanisms associated with the neuroprotective effect of a combination (MIX) of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) composed by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CRL2130 (riboflavin overproducing strain), Streptococcus thermophilus CRL808 (folate producer strain), and CRL807 (immunomodulatory strain) in cell cultures and in a chronic model of parkinsonism induced with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) in aged mice, and under levodopa-benserazide treatment. In vitro, N2a differentiated neurons were exposed to the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) and treated with intracellular bacterial extracts or with conditioned media from BV-2 cells exposed to the bacterial extracts. In vivo, motor skills, tyrosine hydrolase (TH) in brain and cytokine concentrations in serum and in brain were evaluated. The study of the faecal microbiota and the histology of the small intestine was also performed. The results showed that the neuroprotective effect associated with LAB MIX administration did not interfere with levodopa-benserazide treatment. This effect could be associated with the antioxidant and immunomodulatory potential of the LAB selected in the MIX, and was associated with the significant improvement in the motor tests and a higher number of TH + cells in the brain. In addition, LAB MIX administration was associated with modulation of the immune response. LAB administration decreased intestinal damage with an increase in the villus length /crypt depth ratio. Finally, the administration of the LAB MIX in combination with levodopa-benserazide treatment was able to partially revert the intestinal dysbiosis observed in the model, showing greater similarity to the profiles of healthy controls, and highlighting the increase in the Lactobacillaceae family. Different mechanisms of action would be related to the protective effect of the selected LAB combination which has the potential to be evaluated as an adjuvant for conventional PD therapies.
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Grants
- PIP 2021-2062, PIP 2022-0280, and PUE 2017-0035 Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
- PIP 2021-2062, PIP 2022-0280, and PUE 2017-0035 Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
- PIP 2021-2062, PIP 2022-0280, and PUE 2017-0035 Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
- PICT 2019-0942, and PICT-2021-CAT-II-00071 Agencia Nacional de Promoción de la Investigación, el Desarrollo Tecnológico y la Innovación
- PICT 2019-0942, and PICT-2021-CAT-II-00071 Agencia Nacional de Promoción de la Investigación, el Desarrollo Tecnológico y la Innovación
- PICT 2019-0942, and PICT-2021-CAT-II-00071 Agencia Nacional de Promoción de la Investigación, el Desarrollo Tecnológico y la Innovación
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiana Pérez Visñuk
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA-CONICET), Chacabuco 145, San Miguel de Tucumán,, T4000ILC, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Jean Guy LeBlanc
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA-CONICET), Chacabuco 145, San Miguel de Tucumán,, T4000ILC, Tucumán, Argentina.
| | - Alejandra de Moreno de LeBlanc
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA-CONICET), Chacabuco 145, San Miguel de Tucumán,, T4000ILC, Tucumán, Argentina.
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4
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Gorecka-Mazur A, Krygowska-Wajs A, Furgala A, Li J, Misselwitz B, Pietraszko W, Kwinta B, Yilmaz B. Associations between gut microbiota characteristics and non-motor symptoms following pharmacological and surgical treatments in Parkinson's disease patients. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2024; 36:e14846. [PMID: 38873926 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut microbiota has been implicated in Parkinson's disease (PD), with alterations observed in microbial composition and reduced microbial species richness, which may influence gastrointestinal symptoms in PD patients. It remains to be determined whether the severity of gastrointestinal symptoms correlates with microbiota variations in PD patients treated pharmacologically or with subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) therapy. This study aims to explore how these treatments affect gut microbiota and gastrointestinal symptoms in PD, identifying specific microbial differences associated with each treatment modality. METHODS A total of 42 individuals diagnosed with PD, along with 38 age-matched household control participants, contributed stool samples for microbiota characterization. Differences in the gut microbiota across various groups of PD patients and their households were identified through comprehensive sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. KEY RESULTS Differences in microbial communities were observed between PD patients and controls, as well as between PD patients receiving pharmacological treatment and those with STN-DBS. Pharmacologically treated advanced PD patients have higher gastrointestinal dysfunctions. Gut microbiota profile linked to STN-DBS and reduced levodopa consumption, characterized by its anti-inflammatory properties, might play a role in diminishing gastrointestinal dysfunction relative to only pharmacological treatments. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Advanced PD patients on medication exhibit more gastrointestinal issues, despite relatively stable microbial diversity, indicating a complex interaction between gut microbiota, PD progression, and treatment effects. An imbalanced gut-brain axis, particularly due to reduced butyrate production, may lead to constipation by affecting the enteric nervous system, which emphasizes the need to incorporate gut microbiome insights into treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Krygowska-Wajs
- Department of Neurology, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agata Furgala
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jagiellonian University, Collegium Medicum, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Maurice Müller Laboratories, Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Misselwitz
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Maurice Müller Laboratories, Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Wojciech Pietraszko
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotraumatology, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Borys Kwinta
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neurotraumatology, Medical College, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Bahtiyar Yilmaz
- Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Maurice Müller Laboratories, Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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5
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Ma ZL, Wang ZL, Zhang FY, Liu HX, Mao LH, Yuan L. Biomarkers of Parkinson's Disease: From Basic Research to Clinical Practice. Aging Dis 2024; 15:1813-1830. [PMID: 37815899 PMCID: PMC11272192 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.1005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease characterized pathologically by dopaminergic neuron loss and the formation of Lewy bodies, which are enriched with aggregated α-synuclein (α-syn). PD currently has no cure, but therapeutic strategies are available to alleviate symptoms. Early diagnosis can greatly improve therapeutic interventions, but the clinical diagnosis of PD remains challenging and depends mainly on clinical features and imaging tests. Efficient and specific biomarkers are crucial for the diagnosis, monitoring, and evaluation of PD. Here, we reviewed the biomarkers of PD in different tissues and biofluids, along with the current clinical biochemical detection methods. We found that the sensitivity and specificity of single biomarkers are limited, and selecting appropriate indicators for combined detection can improve the diagnostic accuracy of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fei-yue Zhang
- Laboratory of Research in Parkinson’s Disease and Related Disorders, Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hong-xun Liu
- Laboratory of Research in Parkinson’s Disease and Related Disorders, Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Li-hong Mao
- Laboratory of Research in Parkinson’s Disease and Related Disorders, Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lin Yuan
- Laboratory of Research in Parkinson’s Disease and Related Disorders, Key Laboratory of Major Chronic Diseases of Nervous System of Liaoning Province, Health Sciences Institute, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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6
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Sampson TR. Fecal Microbiome Transplants For Parkinson Disease. JAMA Neurol 2024:2821257. [PMID: 39073794 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2024.2293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy R Sampson
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
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7
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Johnson-Martínez JP, Diener C, Levine AE, Wilmanski T, Suskind DL, Ralevski A, Hadlock J, Magis AT, Hood L, Rappaport N, Gibbons SM. Aberrant bowel movement frequencies coincide with increased microbe-derived blood metabolites associated with reduced organ function. Cell Rep Med 2024; 5:101646. [PMID: 39019013 PMCID: PMC11293344 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2024.101646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Bowel movement frequency (BMF) directly impacts the gut microbiota and is linked to diseases like chronic kidney disease or dementia. In particular, prior work has shown that constipation is associated with an ecosystem-wide switch from fiber fermentation and short-chain fatty acid production to more detrimental protein fermentation and toxin production. Here, we analyze multi-omic data from generally healthy adults to see how BMF affects their molecular phenotypes, in a pre-disease context. Results show differential abundances of gut microbial genera, blood metabolites, and variation in lifestyle factors across BMF categories. These differences relate to inflammation, heart health, liver function, and kidney function. Causal mediation analysis indicates that the association between lower BMF and reduced kidney function is partially mediated by the microbially derived toxin 3-indoxyl sulfate (3-IS). This result, in a generally healthy context, suggests that the accumulation of microbiota-derived toxins associated with abnormal BMF precede organ damage and may be drivers of chronic, aging-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes P Johnson-Martínez
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Christian Diener
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Diagnostic and Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Anne E Levine
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jennifer Hadlock
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98104 USA
| | | | - Leroy Hood
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Phenome Health, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Center for Phenomic Health, Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Noa Rappaport
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Phenome Health, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Center for Phenomic Health, Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Sean M Gibbons
- Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; eScience Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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8
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Ghosh N, Sinha K, Sil PC. Pesticides and the Gut Microbiota: Implications for Parkinson's Disease. Chem Res Toxicol 2024; 37:1071-1085. [PMID: 38958636 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.4c00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) affects more people worldwide than just aging alone can explain. This is likely due to environmental influences, genetic makeup, and changes in daily habits. The disease develops in a complex way, with movement problems caused by Lewy bodies and the loss of dopamine-producing neurons. Some research suggests Lewy bodies might start in the gut, hinting at a connection between these structures and gut health in PD patients. These patients often have different gut bacteria and metabolites. Pesticides are known to increase the risk of PD, with evidence showing they harm more than just dopamine neurons. Long-term exposure to pesticides in food might affect the gut barrier, gut bacteria, and the blood-brain barrier, but the exact link is still unknown. This review looks at how pesticides and gut bacteria separately influence PD development and progression, highlighting the harmful effects of pesticides and changes in gut bacteria. We have examined the interaction between pesticides and gut bacteria in PD patients, summarizing how pesticides cause imbalances in gut bacteria, the resulting changes, and their overall effects on the PD prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabanita Ghosh
- Assistant Professor in Zoology, Maulana Azad College, Kolkata 700013, India
| | - Krishnendu Sinha
- Assistant Professor in Zoology, Jhargram Raj College, Jhargram 721507 India
| | - Parames C Sil
- Professor, Division of Molecular Medicine, Bose Institute, Kolkata 700054 India
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9
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Gazerani P, Papetti L, Dalkara T, Cook CL, Webster C, Bai J. The Brain, the Eating Plate, and the Gut Microbiome: Partners in Migraine Pathogenesis. Nutrients 2024; 16:2222. [PMID: 39064664 PMCID: PMC11280178 DOI: 10.3390/nu16142222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes the relationship between diet, the gut microbiome, and migraine. Key findings reveal that certain dietary factors, such as caffeine and alcohol, can trigger migraine, while nutrients like magnesium and riboflavin may help alleviate migraine symptoms. The gut microbiome, through its influence on neuroinflammation (e.g., vagus nerve and cytokines), gut-brain signaling (e.g., gamma-aminobutyric acid), and metabolic function (e.g., short-chain fatty acids), plays a crucial role in migraine susceptibility. Migraine can also alter eating behaviors, leading to poor nutritional choices and further exacerbating the condition. Individual variability in diet and microbiome composition highlights the need for personalized dietary and prebiotic interventions. Epidemiological and clinical data support the effectiveness of tailored nutritional approaches, such as elimination diets and the inclusion of beneficial nutrients, in managing migraine. More work is needed to confirm the role of prebiotics, probiotics, and potentially fecal microbiome translation in the management of migraine. Future research should focus on large-scale studies to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of bidirectional interaction between diet and migraine and develop evidence-based clinical guidelines. Integrating dietary management, gut health optimization, and lifestyle modifications can potentially offer a holistic approach to reducing migraine frequency and severity, ultimately improving patient outcomes and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Gazerani
- Department of Life Sciences and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, 0130 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Health Science & Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, 9260 Gistrup, Denmark
| | - Laura Papetti
- Developmental Neurology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza di Sant’Onofrio 4, 00165 Rome, Italy;
| | - Turgay Dalkara
- Departments of Neuroscience and Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey;
| | - Calli Leighann Cook
- Emory Brain Health Center, General Neurology, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA;
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (C.W.); (J.B.)
| | - Caitlin Webster
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (C.W.); (J.B.)
| | - Jinbing Bai
- Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; (C.W.); (J.B.)
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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10
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Riegelman E, Xue KS, Wang JS, Tang L. Gut-Brain Axis in Focus: Polyphenols, Microbiota, and Their Influence on α-Synuclein in Parkinson's Disease. Nutrients 2024; 16:2041. [PMID: 38999791 PMCID: PMC11243524 DOI: 10.3390/nu16132041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
With the recognition of the importance of the gut-brain axis in Parkinson's disease (PD) etiology, there is increased interest in developing therapeutic strategies that target α-synuclein, the hallmark abhorrent protein of PD pathogenesis, which may originate in the gut. Research has demonstrated that inhibiting the aggregation, oligomerization, and fibrillation of α-synuclein are key strategies for disease modification. Polyphenols, which are rich in fruits and vegetables, are drawing attention for their potential role in this context. In this paper, we reviewed how polyphenols influence the composition and functional capabilities of the gut microbiota and how the resulting microbial metabolites of polyphenols may potentially enhance the modulation of α-synuclein aggregation. Understanding the interaction between polyphenols and gut microbiota and identifying which specific microbes may enhance the efficacy of polyphenols is crucial for developing therapeutic strategies and precision nutrition based on the microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lili Tang
- Department of Environmental Health Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (E.R.); (K.S.X.); (J.-S.W.)
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11
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Benvenuti L, Di Salvo C, Bellini G, Seguella L, Rettura F, Esposito G, Antonioli L, Ceravolo R, Bernardini N, Pellegrini C, Fornai M. Gut-directed therapy in Parkinson's disease. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1407925. [PMID: 38974034 PMCID: PMC11224490 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1407925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common and slow-progressing neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms, including gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunctions. Over the last years, the microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis is emerging as a bacterial-neuro-immune ascending pathway that contributes to the progression of PD. Indeed, PD patients are characterized by changes in gut microbiota composition, alterations of intestinal epithelial barrier (IEB) and enteric neurogenic/inflammatory responses that, besides determining intestinal disturbances, contribute to brain pathology. In this context, despite the causal relationship between gut dysbiosis, impaired MGB axis and PD remains to be elucidated, emerging evidence shows that MGB axis modulation can represent a suitable therapeutical strategy for the treatment of PD. This review provides an overview of the available knowledge about the beneficial effects of gut-directed therapies, including dietary interventions, prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), in both PD patients and animal models. In this context, particular attention has been devoted to the mechanisms by which the modulation of MGB axis could halt or slow down PD pathology and, most importantly, how these approaches can be included in the clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Benvenuti
- Unit of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Clelia Di Salvo
- Unit of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gabriele Bellini
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luisa Seguella
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V.Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Rettura
- Unit of Gastroenterology, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Esposito
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V.Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Antonioli
- Unit of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Roberto Ceravolo
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Nunzia Bernardini
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Carolina Pellegrini
- Unit of Histology and Medical Embryology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Matteo Fornai
- Unit of Pharmacology and Pharmacovigilance, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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12
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Zhang P, Zheng Z, Sun H, Gao T, Xiao X. A review of common influencing factors and possible mechanisms associated with allergic diseases complicating tic disorders in children. Front Pediatr 2024; 12:1360420. [PMID: 38957776 PMCID: PMC11218626 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.1360420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, the incidence of childhood allergic diseases has increased globally, and their impact on the affected child extends beyond the allergy itself. There is evidence of an association between childhood allergic diseases and the development of neurological disorders. Several studies have shown a correlation between allergic diseases and tic disorders (TD), and allergic diseases may be an important risk factor for TD. Possible factors influencing the development of these disorders include neurotransmitter imbalance, maternal anxiety or depression, gut microbial disorders, sleep disturbances, maternal allergic status, exposure to tobacco, and environmental factors. Moreover, gut microbial disturbances, altered immunological profiles, and DNA methylation in patients with allergic diseases may be potential mechanisms contributing to the development of TD. An in-depth investigation of the relationship between allergic diseases and TD in children will be important for preventing and treating TD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Zhang
- Department of Child Health, Dalian Municipal Women and Children’s Medical Center (Group), Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhimin Zheng
- Department of Child Health, Dalian Municipal Women and Children’s Medical Center (Group), Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Child Health, Dalian Municipal Women and Children’s Medical Center (Group), Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Tieying Gao
- Department of Child Health, Dalian Municipal Women and Children’s Medical Center (Group), Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xuwu Xiao
- Department of Child Health, Dalian Municipal Women and Children’s Medical Center (Group), Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
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13
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Liao PH, Tung HY, Lim WS, Jang JSR, Li H, Shun CT, Chiu HM, Wu MS, Lin CH. Impaired gut barrier integrity and reduced colonic expression of free fatty acid receptors in patients with Parkinson's disease. Neurol Sci 2024:10.1007/s10072-024-07641-2. [PMID: 38862654 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-024-07641-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered gut metabolites, especially short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), in feces and plasma are observed in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the colonic expression of two SCFA receptors, free fatty acid receptor (FFAR)2 and FFAR3, and gut barrier integrity in patients with PD and correlations with clinical severity. METHODS In this retrospective study, colonic biopsy specimens were collected from 37 PD patients and 34 unaffected controls. Of this cohort, 31 participants (14 PD, 17 controls) underwent a series of colon biopsies. Colonic expression of FFAR2, FFAR3, and the tight junction marker ZO-1 were assayed by immunofluorescence staining. The You Only Look Once (version 8, YOLOv8) algorithm was used for automated detection and segmentation of immunostaining signal. PD motor function was assessed with the Movement Disorder Society (MDS)-Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), and constipation was assessed using Rome-IV criteria. RESULTS Compared with controls, PD patients had significantly lower colonic expression of ZO-1 (p < 0.01) and FFAR2 (p = 0.01). On serial biopsy, colonic expression of FFAR2 and FFAR3 was reduced in the pre-motor stage before PD diagnosis (both p < 0.01). MDS-UPDRS motor scores did not correlate with colonic marker levels. Constipation severity negatively correlated with colonic ZO-1 levels (r = -0.49, p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Colonic expression of ZO-1 and FFAR2 is lower in PD patients compared with unaffected controls, and FFAR2 and FFAR3 levels decline in the pre-motor stage of PD. Our findings implicate a leaky gut phenomenon in PD and reinforce that gut metabolites may contribute to the process of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hsiao-Yen Tung
- College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Computer Science & Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wee Shin Lim
- Department of Computer Science & Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Shing Roger Jang
- Department of Computer Science & Information Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsun Li
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Tung Shun
- Department of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Han-Mo Chiu
- Department of Integrated Diagnostics and Therapeutics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shiang Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Hsien Lin
- College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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14
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Simpson JB, Walker ME, Sekela JJ, Ivey SM, Jariwala PB, Storch CM, Kowalewski ME, Graboski AL, Lietzan AD, Walton WG, Davis KA, Cloer EW, Borlandelli V, Hsiao YC, Roberts LR, Perlman DH, Liang X, Overkleeft HS, Bhatt AP, Lu K, Redinbo MR. Gut microbial β-glucuronidases influence endobiotic homeostasis and are modulated by diverse therapeutics. Cell Host Microbe 2024; 32:925-944.e10. [PMID: 38754417 PMCID: PMC11176022 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2024.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Hormones and neurotransmitters are essential to homeostasis, and their disruptions are connected to diseases ranging from cancer to anxiety. The differential reactivation of endobiotic glucuronides by gut microbial β-glucuronidase (GUS) enzymes may influence interindividual differences in the onset and treatment of disease. Using multi-omic, in vitro, and in vivo approaches, we show that germ-free mice have reduced levels of active endobiotics and that distinct gut microbial Loop 1 and FMN GUS enzymes drive hormone and neurotransmitter reactivation. We demonstrate that a range of FDA-approved drugs prevent this reactivation by intercepting the catalytic cycle of the enzymes in a conserved fashion. Finally, we find that inhibiting GUS in conventional mice reduces free serotonin and increases its inactive glucuronide in the serum and intestines. Our results illuminate the indispensability of gut microbial enzymes in sustaining endobiotic homeostasis and indicate that therapeutic disruptions of this metabolism promote interindividual response variabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua B Simpson
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Morgan E Walker
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Joshua J Sekela
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Samantha M Ivey
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Parth B Jariwala
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Cameron M Storch
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Mark E Kowalewski
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Amanda L Graboski
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Adam D Lietzan
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - William G Walton
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kacey A Davis
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Erica W Cloer
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Valentina Borlandelli
- Department of Bioorganic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Yun-Chung Hsiao
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Lee R Roberts
- Exploratory Science Center, Merck & Co., Inc., Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
| | - David H Perlman
- Exploratory Science Center, Merck & Co., Inc., Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
| | - Xue Liang
- Exploratory Science Center, Merck & Co., Inc., Cambridge, MA 02141, USA
| | - Hermen S Overkleeft
- Department of Bioorganic Synthesis, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Aadra P Bhatt
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kun Lu
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Matthew R Redinbo
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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15
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Morais LH, Boktor JC, MahmoudianDehkordi S, Kaddurah-Daouk R, Mazmanian SK. α-Synuclein Overexpression and the Microbiome Shape the Gut and Brain Metabolome in Mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.07.597975. [PMID: 38915679 PMCID: PMC11195096 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.07.597975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Pathological forms of the protein α-synuclein contribute to a family of disorders termed synucleinopathies, which includes Parkinson's disease (PD). Most cases of PD are believed to arise from gene-environment interactions. Microbiome composition is altered in PD, and gut bacteria are causal to symptoms and pathology in animal models. To explore how the microbiome may impact PD-associated genetic risks, we quantitatively profiled nearly 630 metabolites from 26 biochemical classes in the gut, plasma, and brain of α-synuclein-overexpressing (ASO) mice with or without microbiota. We observe tissue-specific changes driven by genotype, microbiome, and their interaction. Many differentially expressed metabolites in ASO mice are also dysregulated in human PD patients, including amine oxides, bile acids and indoles. Notably, levels of the microbial metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) strongly correlate from the gut to the plasma to the brain, identifying a product of gene-environment interactions that may influence PD-like outcomes in mice. TMAO is elevated in the blood and cerebral spinal fluid of PD patients. These findings uncover broad metabolomic changes that are influenced by the intersection of host genetics and the microbiome in a mouse model of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia H. Morais
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815
| | - Joseph C. Boktor
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815
| | | | - Rima Kaddurah-Daouk
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Duke Institute of Brain Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sarkis K. Mazmanian
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson’s (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD 20815
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16
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Wang X, Liu H, Li J, Jiang J, Li T. Association study of S100A9 gene polymorphisms with Parkinson's disease risk and age of disease onset. Acta Neurol Belg 2024; 124:919-925. [PMID: 38413479 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-024-02486-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Intestinal inflammation is associated with several neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease (PD). Intestinal inflammation is also closely related to genetic and environmental factors. S100 calcium-binding protein A9 (S100A9) is also thought to be genetically associated with intestinal inflammation and PD risk. This study investigated the association between S100A9 gene polymorphisms and PD risk and age of disease onset. METHODS This study used a case-control method and included 242 PD patients and 242 healthy participants. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was performed. S100A9 expression in the serum of the patients and controls was detected using reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). RESULTS The CC genotype and C allele of the rs3014866 polymorphism in S100A9 had significantly higher distribution in PD patients. The recessive and dominant models demonstrated that the patients carrying the rs3014866 C allele had a significantly increased risk of developing PD as compared with patients homozygous for the TT genotype. The generalized linear model results demonstrated that rs3014866 was associated with the age of disease onset independent of environmental exposure factors (smoking and toxins). Furthermore, the S100A9 mRNA transcription level in the patients' serum was significantly higher than that of the controls. Moreover, the serum of patients with the CC genotype had higher S100A9 expression levels. CONCLUSIONS The results combined the relationship between S100A9 and PD susceptibility and age of disease onset. The findings might suggest new ideas for PD clinical diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingqiong Wang
- School of Statistics, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Hanxuan Liu
- Beijing Jinghua Anliang Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Jian Li
- School of Statistics, Renmin University of China, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Jingjing Jiang
- Clinical Biological Sample Center, Medical Innovation Research Division of Chinese, PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Teng Li
- Department of Pain Center, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, School of Clinical Medicine, Tinghua University, Beijing, 100000, China.
- Department of Pain Center, Xiamen Changgung Hospital, Xiamen, 361000, China.
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17
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Chakraborty P, Gamage HKAH, Laird AS. Butyrate as a potential therapeutic agent for neurodegenerative disorders. Neurochem Int 2024; 176:105745. [PMID: 38641025 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2024.105745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Maintaining an optimum microbial community within the gastrointestinal tract is intricately linked to human metabolic, immune and brain health. Disturbance to these microbial populations perturbs the production of vital bioactive compounds synthesised by the gut microbiome, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Of the SCFAs, butyrate is known to be a major source of energy for colonocytes and has valuable effects on the maintenance of intestinal epithelium and blood brain barrier integrity, gut motility and transit, anti-inflammatory effects, and autophagy induction. Inducing endogenous butyrate production is likely to be beneficial for gut-brain homeostasis and for optimal neuronal function. For these reasons, butyrate has gained interest as a potential therapy for not only metabolic and immunological disorders, but also conditions related to the brain, including neurodegenerative diseases. While direct and indirect sources of butyrate, including prebiotics, probiotics, butyrate pro-drugs and glucosidase inhibitors, offer a promising therapeutic avenue, their efficacy and dosage in neurodegenerative conditions remain largely unknown. Here, we review current literature on effects of butyrate relevant to neuronal function, the impact of butyrate in a range of neurodegenerative diseases and related treatments that may have potential for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prapti Chakraborty
- Macquarie University Motor Neuron Disease Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Hasinika K A H Gamage
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW, 2109, Australia; ARC Training Centre for Facilitated Advancement of Australia's Bioactives, Macquarie University, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Angela S Laird
- Macquarie University Motor Neuron Disease Research Centre, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
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18
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Ma J, Xie H, Yuan C, Shen J, Chen J, Chen Q, Liu J, Tong Q, Sun J. The gut microbial signatures of patients with lacunar cerebral infarction. Nutr Neurosci 2024; 27:620-636. [PMID: 37538045 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2023.2242121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence revealed that gut microbial dysbiosis is involved in the pathogenesis of multiple neurological diseases, but there is little available data on the relationship between gut microbiota and lacunar cerebral infarction (LCI). METHODS Fecal samples from acute LCI patients (n = 65) and matched healthy controls (n = 65) were collected. The compositions and potential functions of the gut microbiota were estimated. RESULTS The results showed that there were significant gut microbial differences between LCI and control groups. Patients with LCI had higher abundances of genus Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Veillonella, Acidaminococcus, Bacillus, Peptoclostridium, Intestinibacter, Alloscardovia and Cloacibacillus but lower proportions of genus Agathobacter and Lachnospiraceae_UCG-004. Investigating further these microbes such as Lactobacillus and Veillonella were correlated with clinical signs. Moreover, we found that 9 gene functions of gut microbiota were different between LCI patients and controls, which were associated with amino acid metabolism and inflammatory signal transduction. Notably, four optimal microbial markers were determined, and the combination of Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, Agathobacter, Lachnospiraceae_UCG-004 and the three risk factors achieved an area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.854 to distinguish LCI from controls. CONCLUSION These findings revealed the characterizing of gut microbiota in LCI patients and provided potential microbial biomarkers for clinical diagnosis of LCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Ma
- Department of Geriatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Huijia Xie
- Department of Geriatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengxiang Yuan
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Shen
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxin Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qionglei Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaming Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuling Tong
- Department of Neurology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, People's Republic of China
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19
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Mruk-Mazurkiewicz H, Kulaszyńska M, Czarnecka W, Podkówka A, Ekstedt N, Zawodny P, Wierzbicka-Woś A, Marlicz W, Skupin B, Stachowska E, Łoniewski I, Skonieczna-Żydecka K. Insights into the Mechanisms of Action of Akkermansia muciniphila in the Treatment of Non-Communicable Diseases. Nutrients 2024; 16:1695. [PMID: 38892628 PMCID: PMC11174979 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
This comprehensive review delineates the extensive roles of Akkermansia muciniphila in various health domains, spanning from metabolic and inflammatory diseases to neurodegenerative disorders. A. muciniphila, known for its ability to reside in the mucous layer of the intestine, plays a pivotal role in maintaining gut integrity and interacting with host metabolic processes. Its influence extends to modulating immune responses and potentially easing symptoms across several non-communicable diseases, including obesity, diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, and cancer. Recent studies highlight its capacity to interact with the gut-brain axis, suggesting a possible impact on neuropsychiatric conditions. Despite the promising therapeutic potential of A. muciniphila highlighted in animal and preliminary human studies, challenges remain in its practical application due to stability and cultivation issues. However, the development of pasteurized forms and synthetic mediums offers new avenues for its use in clinical settings, as recognized by regulatory bodies like the European Food Safety Authority. This narrative review serves as a crucial resource for understanding the broad implications of A. muciniphila across different health conditions and its potential integration into therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honorata Mruk-Mazurkiewicz
- Department of Biochemical Science, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Broniewskiego 24, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland (N.E.); (I.Ł.)
| | - Monika Kulaszyńska
- Department of Biochemical Science, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Broniewskiego 24, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland (N.E.); (I.Ł.)
| | - Wiktoria Czarnecka
- Department of Biochemical Science, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Broniewskiego 24, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland (N.E.); (I.Ł.)
| | - Albert Podkówka
- Department of Biochemical Science, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Broniewskiego 24, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland (N.E.); (I.Ł.)
| | - Natalia Ekstedt
- Department of Biochemical Science, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Broniewskiego 24, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland (N.E.); (I.Ł.)
| | - Piotr Zawodny
- Medical Center Zawodny Clinic, Ku Słońcu 58, 71-047 Szczecin, Poland;
| | | | - Wojciech Marlicz
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Unii Lubelskiej, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Błażej Skupin
- Department of Biochemical Science, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Broniewskiego 24, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland (N.E.); (I.Ł.)
| | - Ewa Stachowska
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Broniewskiego 24, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Igor Łoniewski
- Department of Biochemical Science, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Broniewskiego 24, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland (N.E.); (I.Ł.)
| | - Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka
- Department of Biochemical Science, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Broniewskiego 24, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland (N.E.); (I.Ł.)
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20
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Wanyi Z, Jiao Y, Wen H, Bin X, Xuefei W, Lan J, Liuyin Z. Bidirectional communication of the gut-brain axis: new findings in Parkinson's disease and inflammatory bowel disease. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1407241. [PMID: 38854967 PMCID: PMC11157024 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1407241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are the two chronic inflammatory diseases that are increasingly affecting millions of people worldwide, posing a major challenge to public health. PD and IBD show similarities in epidemiology, genetics, immune response, and gut microbiota. Here, we review the pathophysiology of these two diseases, including genetic factors, immune system imbalance, changes in gut microbial composition, and the effects of microbial metabolites (especially short-chain fatty acids). We elaborate on the gut-brain axis, focusing on role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of PD and IBD. In addition, we discuss several therapeutic strategies, including drug therapy, fecal microbiota transplantation, and probiotic supplementation, and their potential benefits in regulating intestinal microecology and relieving disease symptoms. Our analysis will provide a new understanding and scientific basis for the development of more effective therapeutic strategies for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Wanyi
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongging University Central Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Jiao
- Department of Nursing, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongging University Central Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Huang Wen
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongging University Central Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Xu Bin
- Outpatient Department, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongging University Central Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Wang Xuefei
- Department of Neurology, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongging University Central Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiang Lan
- Outpatient Department, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongging University Central Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhou Liuyin
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongging University Central Hospital, Chongqing, China
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21
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Warren A, Nyavor Y, Zarabian N, Mahoney A, Frame LA. The microbiota-gut-brain-immune interface in the pathogenesis of neuroinflammatory diseases: a narrative review of the emerging literature. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1365673. [PMID: 38817603 PMCID: PMC11137262 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1365673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance Research is beginning to elucidate the sophisticated mechanisms underlying the microbiota-gut-brain-immune interface, moving from primarily animal models to human studies. Findings support the dynamic relationships between the gut microbiota as an ecosystem (microbiome) within an ecosystem (host) and its intersection with the host immune and nervous systems. Adding this to the effects on epigenetic regulation of gene expression further complicates and strengthens the response. At the heart is inflammation, which manifests in a variety of pathologies including neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Observations Generally, the research to date is limited and has focused on bacteria, likely due to the simplicity and cost-effectiveness of 16s rRNA sequencing, despite its lower resolution and inability to determine functional ability/alterations. However, this omits all other microbiota including fungi, viruses, and phages, which are emerging as key members of the human microbiome. Much of the research has been done in pre-clinical models and/or in small human studies in more developed parts of the world. The relationships observed are promising but cannot be considered reliable or generalizable at this time. Specifically, causal relationships cannot be determined currently. More research has been done in Alzheimer's disease, followed by Parkinson's disease, and then little in MS. The data for MS is encouraging despite this. Conclusions and relevance While the research is still nascent, the microbiota-gut-brain-immune interface may be a missing link, which has hampered our progress on understanding, let alone preventing, managing, or putting into remission neurodegenerative diseases. Relationships must first be established in humans, as animal models have been shown to poorly translate to complex human physiology and environments, especially when investigating the human gut microbiome and its relationships where animal models are often overly simplistic. Only then can robust research be conducted in humans and using mechanistic model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Warren
- The Frame-Corr Laboratory, Department of Clinical Research and Leadership, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Yvonne Nyavor
- Department of Biotechnology, Harrisburg University of Science and Technology, Harrisburg, PA, United States
| | - Nikkia Zarabian
- The Frame-Corr Laboratory, Department of Clinical Research and Leadership, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Aidan Mahoney
- The Frame-Corr Laboratory, Department of Clinical Research and Leadership, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
- Undergraduate College, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States
| | - Leigh A. Frame
- The Frame-Corr Laboratory, Department of Clinical Research and Leadership, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, United States
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Guo L, Hu H, Jiang N, Yang H, Sun X, Xia H, Ma J, Liu H. Electroacupuncture blocked motor dysfunction and gut barrier damage by modulating intestinal NLRP3 inflammasome in MPTP-induced Parkinson's disease mice. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30819. [PMID: 38774094 PMCID: PMC11107113 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder commonly accompanied by gut dysfunction. EA has shown anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. Here, we aim to explore whether EA can treat Parkinson's disease by restoring the intestinal barrier and modulating NLRP3 inflammasome. We applied 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) to establish a PD mouse model and EA at the GV16, LR3, and ST36 for 12 consecutive days. The open-field test results indicated that EA alleviated depression and behavioral defects, upregulated the expressions of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and blocked the accumulation of α-synuclein (α-syn) in the midbrain. Moreover, EA blocked the damage to intestinal tissues of PD mice, indicative of suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation and increased gut barrier integrity. Notably, the antibiotic-treated mouse experiment validated that the gut microbiota was critical in alleviating PD dyskinesia and intestinal inflammation by EA. In conclusion, this study suggested that EA exhibited a protective effect against MPTP-induced PD by alleviating behavioral defects, reversing the block of motor dysfunction, and improving the gut barrier by modulating intestinal NLRP3 inflammasome. Above all, this study could provide novel insights into the pathogenesis and therapy of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Guo
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huangjiahu West Road 16, Wuhan 430065, China
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Haiming Hu
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huangjiahu West Road 16, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430061, China
- Hubei Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Huabing Yang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huangjiahu West Road 16, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Xiongjie Sun
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huangjiahu West Road 16, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Hui Xia
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huangjiahu West Road 16, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Jun Ma
- College of Acupuncture and Orthopedics, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Hongtao Liu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huangjiahu West Road 16, Wuhan 430065, China
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23
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Yang J, Lin W, Ma Y, Song H, Mu C, Wu Q, Han C, Zhang J, Liu X. Investigation of the causal association between Parkinson's disease and autoimmune disorders: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1370831. [PMID: 38774879 PMCID: PMC11106379 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1370831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background To date, an increasing number of epidemiological evidence has pointed to potential relationships between Parkinson's disease (PD) and various autoimmune diseases (AIDs), however, no definitive conclusions has been drawn about whether PD is causally related to AIDs risk. Methods By employing summary statistics from the latest and most extensive genome-wide association studies (GWAS), we performed a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the causal associations between PD and a variety of 17 AIDs, encompassing multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder, myasthenia gravis, asthma, inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, irritable bowel syndrome, celiac disease, primary biliary cirrhosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, type 1 diabetes, ankylosing spondylitis, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriasis and vitiligo. Inverse-variance weighted (IVW) was adopted as the main statistical approach to obtain the causal estimates of PD on different AIDs, supplemented by a series of complementary analyses (weighted median, MR Egger regression, and MR-PRESSO) for further strengthening the robustness of results. Results Our MR findings suggested that genetically predicted higher liability to PD was causally associated with a decreased risk of irritable bowel syndrome (OR = 0.98; 95% CI: 0.96-0.99; P = 0.032). On the contrary, IVW analysis showed a potential positive correlation between genetically determined PD and the incidence of type 1 diabetes (OR = 1.10; 95%CI: 1.02-1.19; P = 0.010). Subsequent MR tests ended up in similar results, confirming our findings were reliable. Additionally, in the reverse MR analyses, we did not identify any evidence to support the causal relationship of genetic predisposition to AIDs with PD susceptibility. Conclusion In general, a bifunctional role that PD exerted on the risk of developing AIDs was detected in our studies, both protecting against irritable bowel syndrome occurrence and raising the incidence of type 1 diabetes. Future studies, including population-based observational studies and molecular experiments in vitro and in vivo, are warranted to validate the results of our MR analyses and refine the underlying pathological mechanisms involved in PD-AIDs associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Yang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Weiran Lin
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yumei Ma
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Hui Song
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Changqing Mu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Qian Wu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Chen Han
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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24
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Menozzi E, Schapira AHV. The Gut Microbiota in Parkinson Disease: Interactions with Drugs and Potential for Therapeutic Applications. CNS Drugs 2024; 38:315-331. [PMID: 38570412 PMCID: PMC11026199 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-024-01073-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
The concept of a 'microbiota-gut-brain axis' has recently emerged as an important player in the pathophysiology of Parkinson disease (PD), not least because of the reciprocal interaction between gut bacteria and medications. The gut microbiota can influence levodopa kinetics, and conversely, drugs administered for PD can influence gut microbiota composition. Through a two-step enzymatic pathway, gut microbes can decarboxylate levodopa to dopamine in the small intestine and then dehydroxylate it to m-tyramine, thus reducing availability. Inhibition of bacterial decarboxylation pathways could therefore represent a strategy to increase levodopa absorption. Other bacterial perturbations common in PD, such as small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and Helicobacter pylori infection, can also modulate levodopa metabolism, and eradication therapies may improve levodopa absorption. Interventions targeting the gut microbiota offer a novel opportunity to manage disabling motor complications and dopa-unresponsive symptoms. Mediterranean diet-induced changes in gut microbiota composition might improve a range of non-motor symptoms. Prebiotics can increase levels of short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria and decrease pro-inflammatory species, with positive effects on clinical symptoms and levodopa kinetics. Different formulations of probiotics showed beneficial outcomes on constipation, with some of them improving dopamine levels; however, the most effective dosage and duration and long-term effects of these treatments remain unknown. Data from faecal microbiota transplantation studies are preliminary, but show encouraging trends towards improvement in both motor and non-motor outcomes.This article summarises the most up-to-date knowledge in pharmacomicrobiomics in PD, and discusses how the manipulation of gut microbiota represents a potential new therapeutic avenue for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Menozzi
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, NW3 2PF, UK
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Anthony H V Schapira
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, NW3 2PF, UK.
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
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25
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Shennon I, Wilson BC, Behling AH, Portlock T, Haque R, Forrester T, Nelson CA, O'Sullivan JM. The infant gut microbiome and cognitive development in malnutrition. Clin Nutr 2024; 43:1181-1189. [PMID: 38608404 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2024.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Malnutrition affects 195 million children under the age of five worldwide with long term effects that include impaired cognitive development. Brain development occurs rapidly over the first 36 months of life. Whilst seemingly independent, changes to the brain and gut microbiome are linked by metabolites, hormones, and neurotransmitters as part of the gut-brain axis. In the context of severe malnutrition, the composition of the gut microbiome and the repertoire of biochemicals exchanged via the gut-brain axis vary when compared to healthy individuals. These effects are primarily due to the recognized interacting determinants, macro- and micronutrient deficiencies, infection, infestations and toxins related to poor sanitation, and a dearth of psycho-social stimulation. The standard of care for the treatment of severe acute malnutrition is focused on nutritional repletion and weight restoration through the provision of macro- and micronutrients, the latter usually in excess of recommended dietary allowances (RDA). However, existing formulations and supplements have not been designed to specifically address key recovery requirements for brain and gut microbiome development. Animal model studies indicate that treatments targeting the gut microbiome could improve brain development. Despite this, research on humans targeting the gut microbiome with the aim of restoring brain functionality are scarce. We conclude that there is a need for assessment of cognition and the use of various tools that permit visualization of the brain anatomy and function (e.g., Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), electroencephalogram (EEG)) to understand how interventions targeting the gut microbiome impact brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inoli Shennon
- The Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Brooke C Wilson
- The Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Anna H Behling
- The Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Theo Portlock
- The Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Rashidul Haque
- Infectious Disease Division, International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh
| | - Terrence Forrester
- UWI Solutions for Developing Countries, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston 7, Jamaica
| | - Charles A Nelson
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Graduate School of Education, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Justin M O'Sullivan
- The Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand; The Maurice Wilkins Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore.
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26
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Chui ZSW, Chan LML, Zhang EWH, Liang S, Choi EPH, Lok KYW, Tun HM, Kwok JYY. Effects of microbiome-based interventions on neurodegenerative diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9558. [PMID: 38664425 PMCID: PMC11045862 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59250-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are characterized by neuronal damage and progressive loss of neuron function. Microbiome-based interventions, such as dietary interventions, biotics, and fecal microbiome transplant, have been proposed as a novel approach to managing symptoms and modulating disease progression. Emerging clinical trials have investigated the efficacy of interventions modulating the GM in alleviating or reversing disease progression, yet no comprehensive synthesis have been done. A systematic review of the literature was therefore conducted to investigate the efficacy of microbiome-modulating methods. The search yielded 4051 articles, with 15 clinical trials included. The overall risk of bias was moderate in most studies. Most microbiome-modulating interventions changed the GM composition. Despite inconsistent changes in GM composition, the meta-analysis showed that microbiome-modulating interventions improved disease burden (SMD, - 0.57; 95% CI - 0.93 to - 0.21; I2 = 42%; P = 0.002) with a qualitative trend of improvement in constipation. However, current studies have high methodological heterogeneity and small sample sizes, requiring more well-designed and controlled studies to elucidate the complex linkage between microbiome, microbiome-modulating interventions, and NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zara Siu Wa Chui
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lily Man Lee Chan
- School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Esther Wan Hei Zhang
- Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Suisha Liang
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Edmond Pui Hang Choi
- School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kris Yuet Wan Lok
- School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hein Min Tun
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Microbiota I-Center (MagIC), Hong Kong SAR, China
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jojo Yan Yan Kwok
- School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Centre on Behavioral Health, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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27
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Facchin S, Bertin L, Bonazzi E, Lorenzon G, De Barba C, Barberio B, Zingone F, Maniero D, Scarpa M, Ruffolo C, Angriman I, Savarino EV. Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Human Health: From Metabolic Pathways to Current Therapeutic Implications. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:559. [PMID: 38792581 PMCID: PMC11122327 DOI: 10.3390/life14050559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract is home to trillions of diverse microorganisms collectively known as the gut microbiota, which play a pivotal role in breaking down undigested foods, such as dietary fibers. Through the fermentation of these food components, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) such as acetate, propionate, and butyrate are produced, offering numerous health benefits to the host. The production and absorption of these SCFAs occur through various mechanisms within the human intestine, contingent upon the types of dietary fibers reaching the gut and the specific microorganisms engaged in fermentation. Medical literature extensively documents the supplementation of SCFAs, particularly butyrate, in the treatment of gastrointestinal, metabolic, cardiovascular, and gut-brain-related disorders. This review seeks to provide an overview of the dynamics involved in the production and absorption of acetate, propionate, and butyrate within the human gut. Additionally, it will focus on the pivotal roles these SCFAs play in promoting gastrointestinal and metabolic health, as well as their current therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Facchin
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DISCOG), University Hospital of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy (L.B.); (B.B.)
| | - Luisa Bertin
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DISCOG), University Hospital of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy (L.B.); (B.B.)
| | - Erica Bonazzi
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DISCOG), University Hospital of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy (L.B.); (B.B.)
| | - Greta Lorenzon
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DISCOG), University Hospital of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy (L.B.); (B.B.)
| | - Caterina De Barba
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DISCOG), University Hospital of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy (L.B.); (B.B.)
| | - Brigida Barberio
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DISCOG), University Hospital of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy (L.B.); (B.B.)
| | - Fabiana Zingone
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DISCOG), University Hospital of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy (L.B.); (B.B.)
| | - Daria Maniero
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DISCOG), University Hospital of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy (L.B.); (B.B.)
| | - Marco Scarpa
- General Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35138 Padua, Italy (C.R.); (I.A.)
| | - Cesare Ruffolo
- General Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35138 Padua, Italy (C.R.); (I.A.)
| | - Imerio Angriman
- General Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35138 Padua, Italy (C.R.); (I.A.)
| | - Edoardo Vincenzo Savarino
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DISCOG), University Hospital of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy (L.B.); (B.B.)
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28
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Ortiz de Ora L, Balsamo JM, Uyeda KS, Bess EN. Discovery of a Gut Bacterial Metabolic Pathway that Drives α-Synuclein Aggregation. ACS Chem Biol 2024; 19:1011-1021. [PMID: 38517270 PMCID: PMC11040608 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.4c00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) etiology is associated with aggregation and accumulation of α-synuclein (α-syn) proteins in midbrain dopaminergic neurons. Emerging evidence suggests that in certain subtypes of PD, α-syn aggregates originate in the gut and subsequently spread to the brain. However, mechanisms that instigate α-syn aggregation in the gut have remained elusive. In the brain, the aggregation of α-syn is induced by oxidized dopamine. Such a mechanism has not been explored in the context of the gastrointestinal tract, a niche harboring 46% of the body's dopamine reservoirs. Here, we report that Enterobacteriaceae, a bacterial family prevalent in human gut microbiotas, induce α-syn aggregation. More specifically, our in vitro data indicate that respiration of nitrate by Escherichia coli K-12, which results in production of nitrite that mediates oxidation of Fe2+ to Fe3+, creates an oxidizing redox potential. These oxidizing conditions enabled the formation of dopamine-derived quinones and α-syn aggregates. Exposing nitrite, but not nitrate, to enteroendocrine STC-1 cells induced aggregation of α-syn that is natively expressed in these cells, which line the intestinal tract. Taken together, our findings indicate that bacterial nitrate reduction may be critical for initiating intestinal α-syn aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizett Ortiz de Ora
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92617, United States
| | - Julia M. Balsamo
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92617, United States
| | - Kylie S. Uyeda
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92617, United States
| | - Elizabeth N. Bess
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92617, United States
- Department
of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University
of California, Irvine, California 92617, United States
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29
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Elford JD, Becht N, Garssen J, Kraneveld AD, Perez-Pardo P. Buty and the beast: the complex role of butyrate in Parkinson's disease. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1388401. [PMID: 38694925 PMCID: PMC11061429 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1388401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disease which is often associated with gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction. The GI tract is home to a wide range of microorganisms, among which bacteria, that can influence the host through various mechanisms. Products produced by these bacteria can act in the gut but can also exert effects in the brain via what is now well established to be the microbiota-gut-brain axis. In those with PD the gut-bacteria composition is often found to be different to that of non-PD individuals. In addition to compositional changes, the metabolic activity of the gut-microbiota is also changed in PD. Specifically, it is often reported that key producers of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) as well as the concentration of SCFAs themselves are altered in the stool and blood of those with PD. These SCFAs, among which butyrate, are essential nutrients for the host and are a major energy source for epithelial cells of the GI tract. Additionally, butyrate plays a key role in regulating various host responses particularly in relation to inflammation. Studies have demonstrated that a reduction in butyrate levels can have a critical role in the onset and progression of PD. Furthermore, it has been shown that restoring butyrate levels in those with PD through methods such as probiotics, prebiotics, sodium butyrate supplementation, and fecal transplantation can have a beneficial effect on both motor and non-motor outcomes of the disease. This review presents an overview of evidence for the altered gut-bacteria composition and corresponding metabolite production in those with PD, with a particular focus on the SCFA butyrate. In addition to presenting current studies regarding SCFA in clinical and preclinical reports, evidence for the possibility to target butyrate production using microbiome based approaches in a therapeutic context is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D. Elford
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Nanette Becht
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Johan Garssen
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Aletta D. Kraneveld
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Paula Perez-Pardo
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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30
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Yao L, Yang Y, Yang X, Rezaei MJ. The Interaction Between Nutraceuticals and Gut Microbiota: a Novel Therapeutic Approach to Prevent and Treatment Parkinson's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04151-2. [PMID: 38587699 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04151-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons, leading to motor and non-motor symptoms. Emerging research has shed light on the role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis and progression of PD. Nutraceuticals such as curcumin, berberine, phytoestrogens, polyphenols (e.g., resveratrol, EGCG, and fisetin), dietary fibers have been shown to influence gut microbiota composition and function, restoring microbial balance and enhancing the gut-brain axis. The mechanisms underlying these benefits involve microbial metabolite production, restoration of gut barrier integrity, and modulation of neuroinflammatory pathways. Additionally, probiotics and prebiotics have shown potential in promoting gut health, influencing the gut microbiome, and alleviating PD symptoms. They can enhance the gut's antioxidant capacity of the gut, reduce inflammation, and maintain immune homeostasis, contributing to a neuroprotective environment. This paper provides an overview of the current state of knowledge regarding the potential of nutraceuticals and gut microbiota modulation in the prevention and management of Parkinson's disease, emphasizing the need for further research and clinical trials to validate their effectiveness and safety. The findings suggest that a multifaceted approach involving nutraceuticals and gut microbiota may open new avenues for addressing the challenges of PD and improving the quality of life for affected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Yao
- School of Public Health, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157011, China
| | - Yong Yang
- School of Public Health, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157011, China
| | - Xiaowei Yang
- School of Public Health, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157011, China.
| | - Mohammad J Rezaei
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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31
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Aho VTE, Klee M, Landoulsi Z, Heintz-Buschart A, Pavelka L, Leist AK, Krüger R, May P, Wilmes P. Gut microbiome is not associated with mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2024; 10:78. [PMID: 38582855 PMCID: PMC10998870 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-024-00687-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiome differences between people with Parkinson's disease (PD) and control subjects without Parkinsonism are widely reported, but potential alterations related to PD with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) have yet to be comprehensively explored. We compared gut microbial features of PD with MCI (n = 58) to cognitively unimpaired PD (n = 60) and control subjects (n = 90) with normal cognition. Our results did not support a specific microbiome signature related to MCI in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Velma T E Aho
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
| | - Matthias Klee
- Institute for Research on Socio-Economic Inequality (IRSEI), Department of Social Sciences, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Zied Landoulsi
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Anna Heintz-Buschart
- Swammerdam Institute of Life Sciences at University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lukas Pavelka
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Parkinson's Research Clinic, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Anja K Leist
- Institute for Research on Socio-Economic Inequality (IRSEI), Department of Social Sciences, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Rejko Krüger
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Parkinson's Research Clinic, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
- Transversal Translational Medicine, Luxembourg Institute of Health, Strassen, Luxembourg
- Department of Neurology, Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Patrick May
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Paul Wilmes
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
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Janssen Daalen JM, Gerritsen A, Gerritse G, Gouman J, Meijerink H, Rietdijk LE, Darweesh SKL. How Lifetime Evolution of Parkinson's Disease Could Shape Clinical Trial Design: A Shared Patient-Clinician Viewpoint. Brain Sci 2024; 14:358. [PMID: 38672010 PMCID: PMC11048137 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14040358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) has a long, heterogeneous, pre-diagnostic phase, during which pathology insidiously accumulates. Increasing evidence suggests that environmental and lifestyle factors in early life contribute to disease risk and progression. Thanks to the extensive study of this pre-diagnostic phase, the first prevention trials of PD are being designed. However, the highly heterogenous evolution of the disease across the life course is not yet sufficiently taken into account. This could hamper clinical trial success in the advent of biological disease definitions. In an interdisciplinary patient-clinician study group, we discussed how an approach that incorporates the lifetime evolution of PD may benefit the design of disease-modifying trials by impacting population, target and outcome selection. We argue that the timepoint of exposure to risk and protective factors plays a critical role in PD subtypes, influencing population selection. In addition, recent developments in differential disease mechanisms, aided by biological disease definitions, could impact optimal treatment targets. Finally, multimodal biomarker panels using this lifetime approach will likely be most sensitive as progression markers for more personalized trials. We believe that the lifetime evolution of PD should be considered in the design of clinical trials, and that such initiatives could benefit from more patient-clinician partnerships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jules M. Janssen Daalen
- Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Department of Neurology, Center of Expertise for Parkinson & Movement Disorders, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (J.M.J.D.); (A.G.)
| | - Aranka Gerritsen
- Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Department of Neurology, Center of Expertise for Parkinson & Movement Disorders, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (J.M.J.D.); (A.G.)
| | - Gijs Gerritse
- Dutch Parkinson’s Patient Association, P.O. Box 46, 3980 CA Bunnik, The Netherlands; (G.G.); (J.G.); (H.M.); (L.E.R.)
| | - Jan Gouman
- Dutch Parkinson’s Patient Association, P.O. Box 46, 3980 CA Bunnik, The Netherlands; (G.G.); (J.G.); (H.M.); (L.E.R.)
| | - Hannie Meijerink
- Dutch Parkinson’s Patient Association, P.O. Box 46, 3980 CA Bunnik, The Netherlands; (G.G.); (J.G.); (H.M.); (L.E.R.)
| | - Leny E. Rietdijk
- Dutch Parkinson’s Patient Association, P.O. Box 46, 3980 CA Bunnik, The Netherlands; (G.G.); (J.G.); (H.M.); (L.E.R.)
| | - Sirwan K. L. Darweesh
- Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Department of Neurology, Center of Expertise for Parkinson & Movement Disorders, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (J.M.J.D.); (A.G.)
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Pinto Y, Chakraborty M, Jain N, Bhatt AS. Phage-inclusive profiling of human gut microbiomes with Phanta. Nat Biotechnol 2024; 42:651-662. [PMID: 37231259 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-023-01799-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Due to technical limitations, most gut microbiome studies have focused on prokaryotes, overlooking viruses. Phanta, a virome-inclusive gut microbiome profiling tool, overcomes the limitations of assembly-based viral profiling methods by using customized k-mer-based classification tools and incorporating recently published catalogs of gut viral genomes. Phanta's optimizations consider the small genome size of viruses, sequence homology with prokaryotes and interactions with other gut microbes. Extensive testing of Phanta on simulated data demonstrates that it quickly and accurately quantifies prokaryotes and viruses. When applied to 245 fecal metagenomes from healthy adults, Phanta identifies ~200 viral species per sample, ~5× more than standard assembly-based methods. We observe a ~2:1 ratio between DNA viruses and bacteria, with higher interindividual variability of the gut virome compared to the gut bacteriome. In another cohort, we observe that Phanta performs equally well on bulk versus virus-enriched metagenomes, making it possible to study prokaryotes and viruses in a single experiment, with a single analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yishay Pinto
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Hematology and Blood & Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Navami Jain
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Hematology and Blood & Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ami S Bhatt
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Hematology and Blood & Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Aljarrah D, Chalour N, Zorgani A, Nissan T, Pranjol MZI. Exploring the gut microbiota and its potential as a biomarker in gliomas. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116420. [PMID: 38471271 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiome alterations are associated with various cancers including brain tumours such as glioma and glioblastoma. The gut communicates with the brain via a bidirectional pathway known as the gut-brain axis (GBA) which is essential for maintaining homeostasis. The gut microbiota produces many metabolites including short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and essential amino acids such as glutamate, glutamine, arginine and tryptophan. Through the modulation of these metabolites the gut microbiome is able to regulate several functions of brain cells, immune cells and tumour cells including DNA methylation, mitochondrial function, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), T-cell proliferation, autophagy and even apoptosis. Here, we summarise current findings on gut microbiome with respect to brain cancers, an area of research that is widely overlooked. Several studies investigated the relationship between gut microbiota and brain tumours. However, it remains unclear whether the gut microbiome variation is a cause or product of cancer. Subsequently, a biomarker panel was constructed for use as a predictive, prognostic and diagnostic tool with respect to multiple cancers including glioma and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). This review further presents the intratumoural microbiome, a fascinating microenvironment within the tumour as a possible treatment target that can be manipulated to maximise effectiveness of treatment via personalised therapy. Studies utilising the microbiome as a biomarker and therapeutic strategy are necessary to accurately assess the effectiveness of the gut microbiome as a clinical tool with respect to brain cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Aljarrah
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK.
| | - Naima Chalour
- Cognitive and Behavioural Neuroscience laboratory, Houari Boumediene University of Science and Technology, Bab Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria; Faculty of Biological Sciences, Houari Boumediene University of Science and Technology, Bab Ezzouar, Algiers, Algeria.
| | - Amine Zorgani
- The Microbiome Mavericks, 60 rue Christian Lacouture, Bron 69500, France.
| | - Tracy Nissan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, the Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Md Zahidul I Pranjol
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK.
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Duan WX, Wang F, Liu JY, Liu CF. Relationship Between Short-chain Fatty Acids and Parkinson's Disease: A Review from Pathology to Clinic. Neurosci Bull 2024; 40:500-516. [PMID: 37755674 PMCID: PMC11003953 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-023-01123-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complicated neurodegenerative disease, characterized by the accumulation of α-synuclein (α-syn) in Lewy bodies and neurites, and massive loss of midbrain dopamine neurons. Increasing evidence suggests that gut microbiota and microbial metabolites are involved in the development of PD. Among these, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), the most abundant microbial metabolites, have been proven to play a key role in brain-gut communication. In this review, we analyze the role of SCFAs in the pathology of PD from multiple dimensions and summarize the alterations of SCFAs in PD patients as well as their correlation with motor and non-motor symptoms. Future research should focus on further elucidating the role of SCFAs in neuroinflammation, as well as developing novel strategies employing SCFAs and their derivatives to treat PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Xiang Duan
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
| | - Fen Wang
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jun-Yi Liu
- Department of Neurology, Dushu Lake Hospital affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, 215125, China.
| | - Chun-Feng Liu
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215004, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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Sakowski SA, Koubek EJ, Chen KS, Goutman SA, Feldman EL. Role of the Exposome in Neurodegenerative Disease: Recent Insights and Future Directions. Ann Neurol 2024; 95:635-652. [PMID: 38411261 PMCID: PMC11023772 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are increasing in prevalence and place a significant burden on society. The causes are multifactorial and complex, and increasing evidence suggests a dynamic interplay between genes and the environment, emphasizing the importance of identifying and understanding the role of lifelong exposures, known as the exposome, on the nervous system. This review provides an overview of recent advances toward defining neurodegenerative disease exposomes, focusing on Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease. We present the current state of the field based on emerging data, elaborate on key themes and potential mechanisms, and conclude with limitations and future directions. ANN NEUROL 2024;95:635-652.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey A. Sakowski
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- NeuroNetwork for Emerging Therapies, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Emily J. Koubek
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- NeuroNetwork for Emerging Therapies, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Kevin S. Chen
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- NeuroNetwork for Emerging Therapies, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Stephen A. Goutman
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- NeuroNetwork for Emerging Therapies, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Eva L. Feldman
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- NeuroNetwork for Emerging Therapies, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Yay E, Yilmaz M, Toygar H, Balci N, Alvarez Rivas C, Bolluk Kılıç B, Zirh A, Paster BJ, Kantarci A. Oral and gut microbial profiling in periodontitis and Parkinson's disease. J Oral Microbiol 2024; 16:2331264. [PMID: 38528960 PMCID: PMC10962298 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2024.2331264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives We tested the hypothesis that Parkinson's disease (PA) alters the periodontitis-associated oral microbiome. Method Patients with periodontitis with Parkinson's disease (PA+P) and without PA (P) and systemically and periodontally healthy individuals (HC) were enrolled. Clinical, periodontal and neurological parameters were recorded. The severity of PA motor functions was measured. Unstimulated saliva samples and stool samples were collected. Next-generation sequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA (V1-V3 regions) was performed. Results PA patients had mild-to-moderate motor dysfunction and comparable plaque scores as those without, indicating that oral hygiene was efficient in the PA+P group. In saliva, there were statistically significant differences in beta diversity between HC and PA+P (p = 0.001), HC and P (p = 0.001), and P and PA+P (p = 0.028). The microbial profiles of saliva and fecal samples were distinct. Mycoplasma faucium, Tannerella forsythia, Parvimonas micra, and Saccharibacteria (TM7) were increased in P; Prevotella pallens, Prevotella melaninogenica, Neisseria multispecies were more abundant in PA+P group, Ruthenibacterium lactatiformans, Dialister succinatiphilus, Butyrivibrio crossotus and Alloprevotella tannerae were detected in fecal samples in P groups compared to healthy controls. Conclusions No significant differences were detected between Parkinson's and non-Parkinson's gut microbiomes, suggesting that Parkinson's disease modifies the oral microbiome in periodontitis subjects independent of the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekin Yay
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The ADA Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Periodontist, Private Practice, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Melis Yilmaz
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The ADA Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Periodontology, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hilal Toygar
- Department of Periodontology, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nur Balci
- Department of Periodontology, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Carla Alvarez Rivas
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The ADA Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Infection, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Ali Zirh
- Department of Neurology, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bruce J. Paster
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The ADA Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Infection, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alpdogan Kantarci
- Department of Applied Oral Sciences, The ADA Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Infection, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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Gan QX, Peng MY, Wei HB, Chen LL, Chen XY, Li ZH, An GQ, Ma YT. Gastrodia elata polysaccharide alleviates Parkinson's disease via inhibiting apoptotic and inflammatory signaling pathways and modulating the gut microbiota. Food Funct 2024; 15:2920-2938. [PMID: 38385354 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo05169b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common, chronic, and progressive degenerative disease of the central nervous system for which there is no effective treatment. Gastrodia elata is a well-known food and medicine homologous resource with neuroprotective potential. Gastrodia elata polysaccharide (GEP), which is a highly active and safe component in Gastrodia elata, is an important ingredient in the development of functional products. In this study, GEP was administered to 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced mice over 3 weeks to investigate its neuroprotective effects. The results showed that GEP significantly alleviated the motor dysfunction of PD mice, inhibited the accumulation of α-synuclein, and reduced the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the brain. Moreover, GEP increased the Bcl-2/Bax ratio and decreased the cleaved-caspase-3 level, suggesting that GEP may ameliorate PD by preventing MPTP-induced mitochondrial apoptosis. GEP also significantly inhibited the increase of GFAP and decreased the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in the brain of PD mice, which may be the result of the inhibition of neuroinflammation by the inactivation of the TLR4/NF-κB pathway. Furthermore, the neuroprotective effects of GEP involve the gut-brain axis, as it has been shown that GEP regulated the dysbiosis of PD-related gut microbiota such as Akkermansia, Lactobacillus, Bacteroides, Prevotella, and Faecalibacterium, increased the content of microbial metabolites SCFAs in the colon and increased the level of occludin that repairs the intestinal barrier of PD mice. In conclusion, this study is expected to provide a theoretical basis for the development and application of functional products with GEP from the perspective of neuroprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Xia Gan
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese, Medicine, No.1166, Liutai Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1166, Liutai Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Mao-Yao Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese, Medicine, No.1166, Liutai Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1166, Liutai Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Hao-Bo Wei
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese, Medicine, No.1166, Liutai Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1166, Liutai Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Lin-Lin Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese, Medicine, No.1166, Liutai Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1166, Liutai Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese, Medicine, No.1166, Liutai Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1166, Liutai Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Zi-Han Li
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese, Medicine, No.1166, Liutai Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1166, Liutai Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Guang-Qin An
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese, Medicine, No.1166, Liutai Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1166, Liutai Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yun-Tong Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese, Medicine, No.1166, Liutai Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Processing Technology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.1166, Liutai Road, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, China
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Nayman EI, Schwartz BA, Polmann M, Gumabong AC, Nieuwdorp M, Cickovski T, Mathee K. Differences in gut microbiota between Dutch and South-Asian Surinamese: potential implications for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4585. [PMID: 38403716 PMCID: PMC10894869 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54769-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota, or the collection of diverse microorganisms in a specific ecological niche, are known to significantly impact human health. Decreased gut microbiota production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) has been implicated in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) disease progression. Most microbiome studies focus on ethnic majorities. This study aims to understand how the microbiome differs between an ethnic majority (the Dutch) and minority (the South-Asian Surinamese (SAS)) group with a lower and higher prevalence of T2DM, respectively. Microbiome data from the Healthy Life in an Urban Setting (HELIUS) cohort were used. Two age- and gender-matched groups were compared: the Dutch (n = 41) and SAS (n = 43). Microbial community compositions were generated via DADA2. Metrics of microbial diversity and similarity between groups were computed. Biomarker analyses were performed to determine discriminating taxa. Bacterial co-occurrence networks were constructed to examine ecological patterns. A tight microbiota cluster was observed in the Dutch women, which overlapped with some of the SAS microbiota. The Dutch gut contained a more interconnected microbial ecology, whereas the SAS network was dispersed, i.e., contained fewer inter-taxonomic correlational relationships. Bacteroides caccae, Butyricicoccus, Alistipes putredinis, Coprococcus comes, Odoribacter splanchnicus, and Lachnospira were enriched in the Dutch gut. Haemophilus, Bifidobacterium, and Anaerostipes hadrus discriminated the SAS gut. All but Lachnospira and certain strains of Haemophilus are known to produce SCFAs. The Dutch gut microbiome was distinguished from the SAS by diverse, differentially abundant SCFA-producing taxa with significant cooperation. The dynamic ecology observed in the Dutch was not detected in the SAS. Among several potential gut microbial biomarkers, Haemophilus parainfluenzae likely best characterizes the ethnic minority group, which is more predisposed to T2DM. The higher prevalence of T2DM in the SAS may be associated with the gut dysbiosis observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric I Nayman
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.
- Bioinformatics Research Group, Knight Foundation School of Computing and Information Sciences, College of Engineering and Computing, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Brooke A Schwartz
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
- Bioinformatics Research Group, Knight Foundation School of Computing and Information Sciences, College of Engineering and Computing, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Michaela Polmann
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Alayna C Gumabong
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
- Bioinformatics Research Group, Knight Foundation School of Computing and Information Sciences, College of Engineering and Computing, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Amsterdam Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Trevor Cickovski
- Bioinformatics Research Group, Knight Foundation School of Computing and Information Sciences, College of Engineering and Computing, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Kalai Mathee
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.
- Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.
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Hu XM, Song LZX, Zhang ZZ, Ruan X, Li HC, Yu Z, Huang L. Electroacupuncture at ST25 corrected gut microbial dysbiosis and SNpc lipid peroxidation in Parkinson's disease rats. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1358525. [PMID: 38450172 PMCID: PMC10915097 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1358525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Parkinson's disease (PD) remains one kind of a complex, progressive neurodegenerative disease. Levodopa and dopamine agonists as widely utilized PD therapeutics have not shown significant positive long-term outcomes. Emerging evidences indicate that electroacupuncture (EA) have potential effects on the therapy of nervous system disorders, particularly PD, but its specific underlying mechanism(s) remains poorly understood, leading to the great challenge of clinical application and management. Previous study has shown that acupuncture ameliorates PD motor symptoms and dopaminergic neuron damage by modulating intestinal dysbiosis, but its intermediate pathway has not been sufficiently investigated. Methods A rat model of PD was induced using rotenone. The therapeutic effect of EA on PD was assessed using the pole and rotarod tests and immunohistostaining for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the substantia nigra (SN) of brain. The role of gut microbiota was explored using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and metabonomic analysis. PICRUSt2 analysis, lipidomic analysis, LPS and inflammatory factor assays were used for subsequent exploration and validation. Correlation analysis was used to identify the key bacteria that EA regulates lipid metabolism to improve PD. Results The present study firstly reappeared the effects of EA on protecting motor function and dopaminergic neurons and modulation of gut microbial dysbiosis in rotenone-induced PD rat model. EA improved motor dysfunction (via the pole and rotarod tests) and protected TH+ neurons in PD rats. EA increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus, Dubosiella and Bifidobacterium and decreased the abundance of Escherichia-Shigella and Morganella belonging to Pseudomonadota, suggesting that the modulation of gut microbiota by EA improving the symptoms of PD motility via alleviating LPS-induced inflammatory response and oxidative stress, which was also validated by various aspects such as microbial gene functional analysis, fecal metabolomics analysis, LPS and inflammatory factor assays and SNpc lipidomics analysis. Moreover, correlation analyses also verified strong correlations of Escherichia-Shigella and Morganella with motor symptoms and SNpc lipid peroxidation, explicating targets and intermediate pathways through which EA improve PD exercise symptom. Conclusion Our results indicate that the improvement of motor function in PD model by EA may be mediated in part by restoring the gut microbiota, which intermediate processes involve circulating endotoxins and inflammatory mediators, SNpc oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. The gut-microbiome - brain axis may be a potential mechanism of EA treatment for the PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan-ming Hu
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Rheumatology of Zhejiang Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li-zhe-xiong Song
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion, Tuina of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi-zi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion, Tuina of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xi Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Rheumatology of Zhejiang Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hai-chang Li
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Rheumatology of Zhejiang Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Rheumatology of Zhejiang Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Loh JS, Mak WQ, Tan LKS, Ng CX, Chan HH, Yeow SH, Foo JB, Ong YS, How CW, Khaw KY. Microbiota-gut-brain axis and its therapeutic applications in neurodegenerative diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:37. [PMID: 38360862 PMCID: PMC10869798 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01743-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal tract is populated with a diverse microbial community. The vast genetic and metabolic potential of the gut microbiome underpins its ubiquity in nearly every aspect of human biology, including health maintenance, development, aging, and disease. The advent of new sequencing technologies and culture-independent methods has allowed researchers to move beyond correlative studies toward mechanistic explorations to shed light on microbiome-host interactions. Evidence has unveiled the bidirectional communication between the gut microbiome and the central nervous system, referred to as the "microbiota-gut-brain axis". The microbiota-gut-brain axis represents an important regulator of glial functions, making it an actionable target to ameliorate the development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in neurodegenerative diseases. As the gut microbiome provides essential cues to microglia, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes, we examine the communications between gut microbiota and these glial cells during healthy states and neurodegenerative diseases. Subsequently, we discuss the mechanisms of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in neurodegenerative diseases using a metabolite-centric approach, while also examining the role of gut microbiota-related neurotransmitters and gut hormones. Next, we examine the potential of targeting the intestinal barrier, blood-brain barrier, meninges, and peripheral immune system to counteract glial dysfunction in neurodegeneration. Finally, we conclude by assessing the pre-clinical and clinical evidence of probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation in neurodegenerative diseases. A thorough comprehension of the microbiota-gut-brain axis will foster the development of effective therapeutic interventions for the management of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Sheng Loh
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wen Qi Mak
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Li Kar Stella Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 1, Jalan Taylors, Subang Jaya, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
- Digital Health & Medical Advancements, Taylor's University, 1, Jalan Taylors, Subang Jaya, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chu Xin Ng
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 1, Jalan Taylors, Subang Jaya, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hong Hao Chan
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shiau Hueh Yeow
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Jhi Biau Foo
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 1, Jalan Taylors, Subang Jaya, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
- Digital Health & Medical Advancements, Taylor's University, 1, Jalan Taylors, Subang Jaya, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yong Sze Ong
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chee Wun How
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Kooi Yeong Khaw
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Szlufik S, Kopeć K, Szleszkowski S, Koziorowski D. Glymphatic System Pathology and Neuroinflammation as Two Risk Factors of Neurodegeneration. Cells 2024; 13:286. [PMID: 38334678 PMCID: PMC10855155 DOI: 10.3390/cells13030286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The key to the effective treatment of neurodegenerative disorders is a thorough understanding of their pathomechanism. Neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation are mutually propelling brain processes. An impairment of glymphatic system function in neurodegeneration contributes to the progression of pathological processes. The question arises as to how neuroinflammation and the glymphatic system are related. This review highlights the direct and indirect influence of these two seemingly independent processes. Protein aggregates, a characteristic feature of neurodegeneration, are correlated with glymphatic clearance and neuroinflammation. Glial cells cannot be overlooked when considering the neuroinflammatory processes. Astrocytes are essential for the effective functioning of the glymphatic system and play a crucial role in the inflammatory responses in the central nervous system. It is imperative to acknowledge the significance of AQP4, a protein that exhibits a high degree of polarization in astrocytes and is crucial for the functioning of the glymphatic system. AQP4 influences inflammatory processes that have not yet been clearly delineated. Another interesting issue is the gut-brain axis and microbiome, which potentially impact the discussed processes. A discussion of the correlation between the functioning of the glymphatic system and neuroinflammation may contribute to exploring the pathomechanism of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanisław Szlufik
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Health Science, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warszawa, Poland; (K.K.)
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Zhou X, Gao Y, Wei J, Luo J, Wang Y, Yue M, Wang B, Hong D, Chen T, Fang X. The intestinal microbiota exerts a sex-specific influence on neuroinflammation in a Parkinson's disease mouse model. Neurochem Int 2024; 173:105661. [PMID: 38157887 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2023.105661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterised by chronic and progressive symptoms; it is more prevalent in men than in women. The sex-specific influence of the intestinal microbiota has been associated with some neurodegenerative diseases, but the relationship with PD is currently unclear. In this study, we treated mice with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) to establish a PD mouse model, and we utilised an antibiotic cocktail (Abx) to deplete the intestinal microbiota to evaluate the influence of the intestinal microbiota on male and female PD mice. MPTP treatment obviously caused bradykinesia and low mobility in female and male mice. Meanwhile, Abx treatment exerted a greater effect on male mice than female mice. Western blotting and immunofluorescence revealed that male mice treated with MPTP had higher expression of α-synuclein and proteins related to neuroinflammation and intestinal inflammation based on activation of glial cells and the TLR4-MyD88 signalling pathway. The sex-specific differences could be due to the different composition of the intestinal microbiota. Specifically, female mice had significantly higher abundance of Allobaculum, Turicibacter and Ruminococcus than male mice. Moreover, the abundance of the probiotic genus Bifidobacterium showed opposite trends in male and female mice. Our results indicate that the intestinal microbiota has an important effect on PD mice, especially male mice, by influencing neuroinflammation through the microbiota-gut-brain axis. In the future, there should be a focus on providing more reliable evidence for the pathogenesis and precise treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institution of Translational Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China; Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100070, China
| | - Jing Wei
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institution of Translational Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Jie Luo
- School of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Mengyun Yue
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Daojun Hong
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Tingtao Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institution of Translational Medicine, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China.
| | - Xin Fang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China.
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Elangovan A, Dahiya B, Kirola L, Iyer M, Jeeth P, Maharaj S, Kumari N, Lakhanpal V, Michel TM, Rao KRSS, Cho SG, Yadav MK, Gopalakrishnan AV, Kadhirvel S, Kumar NS, Vellingiri B. Does gut brain axis has an impact on Parkinson's disease (PD)? Ageing Res Rev 2024; 94:102171. [PMID: 38141735 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is becoming a growing global concern by being the second most prevalent disease next to Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Henceforth new exploration is needed in search of new aspects towards the disease mechanism and origin. Evidence from recent studies has clearly stated the role of Gut Microbiota (GM) in the maintenance of the brain and as a root cause of various diseases and disorders including other neurological conditions. In the case of PD, with an unknown etiology, the GM is said to have a larger impact on the disease pathophysiology. Although GM and its metabolites are crucial for maintaining the normal physiology of the host, it is an undeniable fact that there is an influence of GM in the pathophysiology of PD. As such the Enteroendocrine Cells (EECs) in the epithelium of the intestine are one of the significant regulators of the gut-brain axis and act as a communication mediator between the gut and the brain. The communication is established via the molecules of neuroendocrine which are said to have a crucial part in neurological diseases such as AD, PD, and other psychiatry-related disorders. This review is focused on understanding the proper role of GM and EECs in PD. Here, we also focus on some of the metabolites and compounds that can interact with the PD genes causing various dysfunctions in the cell and facilitating the disease conditions using bioinformatical tools. Various mechanisms concerning EECs and PD, their identification, the latest studies, and available current therapies have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Elangovan
- Human Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Bhawna Dahiya
- Human Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Laxmi Kirola
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Health Sciences and Technology (SoHST), UPES University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007, India
| | - Mahalaxmi Iyer
- Department of Microbiology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, Punjab, India; Department of Biotechnology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education (Deemed to be University), Coimbatore 641021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Priyanka Jeeth
- Department of Computational Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Sakshi Maharaj
- Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Nikki Kumari
- Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Vikas Lakhanpal
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda 151005, Punjab, India
| | - Tanja Maria Michel
- Research Unit of Psychiatry, Dept. of Psychiatry Odense, Clinical Institute, University of Southern Denmark, J.B. Winslowsvej 20, Indg. 220B, Odense, Denmark
| | - K R S Sambasiva Rao
- Mangalayatan University - Jabalpur, Jabalpur - 481662, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Ssang-Goo Cho
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Molecular & Cellular Reprogramming Center and Institute of Advanced Regenerative Science, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Mukesh Kumar Yadav
- Department of Microbiology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632 014, India
| | - Saraboji Kadhirvel
- Department of Computational Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Nachimuthu Senthil Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Mizoram University (A Central University), Aizawl, 796 004 Mizoram, India
| | - Balachandar Vellingiri
- Human Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda 151401, Punjab, India.
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Morris HR, Spillantini MG, Sue CM, Williams-Gray CH. The pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Lancet 2024; 403:293-304. [PMID: 38245249 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(23)01478-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative condition associated with the deposition of aggregated α-synuclein. Insights into the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease have been derived from genetics and molecular pathology. Biochemical studies, investigation of transplanted neurons in patients with Parkinson's disease, and cell and animal model studies suggest that abnormal aggregation of α-synuclein and spreading of pathology between the gut, brainstem, and higher brain regions probably underlie the development and progression of Parkinson's disease. At a cellular level, abnormal mitochondrial, lysosomal, and endosomal function can be identified in both monogenic and sporadic Parkinson's disease, suggesting multiple potential treatment approaches. Recent work has also highlighted maladaptive immune and inflammatory responses, possibly triggered in the gut, that accelerate the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Although there are currently no disease-modifying treatments for Parkinson's disease, we now have a solid basis for the development of rational neuroprotective therapies that we hope will halt the progression of this disabling neurological condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huw R Morris
- Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK; University College London Movement Disorders Centre, University College London, London, UK; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
| | - Maria Grazia Spillantini
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Carolyn M Sue
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Neurology, South Eastern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA; Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia.
| | - Caroline H Williams-Gray
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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46
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Bicknell B, Liebert A, Herkes G. Parkinson's Disease and Photobiomodulation: Potential for Treatment. J Pers Med 2024; 14:112. [PMID: 38276234 PMCID: PMC10819946 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14010112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease and is increasing in incidence. The combination of motor and non-motor symptoms makes this a devastating disease for people with Parkinson's disease and their care givers. Parkinson's disease is characterised by mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal death in the substantia nigra, a reduction in dopamine, accumulation of α-synuclein aggregates and neuroinflammation. The microbiome-gut-brain axis is also important in Parkinson's disease, involved in the spread of inflammation and aggregated α-synuclein. The mainstay of Parkinson's disease treatment is dopamine replacement therapy, which can reduce some of the motor signs. There is a need for additional treatment options to supplement available medications. Photobiomodulation (PBM) is a form of light therapy that has been shown to have multiple clinical benefits due to its enhancement of the mitochondrial electron transport chain and the subsequent increase in mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP production. PBM also modulates cellular signalling and has been shown to reduce inflammation. Clinically, PBM has been used for decades to improve wound healing, treat pain, reduce swelling and heal deep tissues. Pre-clinical experiments have indicated that PBM has the potential to improve the clinical signs of Parkinson's disease and to provide neuroprotection. This effect is seen whether the PBM is directed to the head of the animal or to other parts of the body (remotely). A small number of clinical trials has given weight to the possibility that using PBM can improve both motor and non-motor clinical signs and symptoms of Parkinson's disease and may potentially slow its progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Bicknell
- NICM Health Research Institute, University of Western Sydney, Westmead 2145, Australia;
| | - Ann Liebert
- NICM Health Research Institute, University of Western Sydney, Westmead 2145, Australia;
- Sydney Adventist Hospital, Wahroonga 2076, Australia
- Faculty of medicine and Health, Sydney University, Camperdown 2050, Australia
| | - Geoffrey Herkes
- Neurologist, Sydney Adventist Hospital, Wahroonga 2076, Australia;
- College of Health and Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra 2600, Australia
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47
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Wang HL, Wang ZY, Tian J, Ma DR, Shi CH. Association between inflammatory bowel disease and Parkinson's disease: a prospective cohort study of 468,556 UK biobank participants. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 15:1294879. [PMID: 38288279 PMCID: PMC10822879 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1294879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are both chronic, progressive disorders. As such, given the inconclusive results of extensive research on the association between IBD and PD, our study intends to examine this relationship further using the UK Biobank database. Methods We conducted a prospective cohort study using the Cox proportional hazards model, analyzing data from the UK Biobank to investigate the relationship between IBD and PD, following subjects until PD diagnosis, loss to follow up, death or study termination on 30 June, 2023. Results The results show that IBD had no effect on the risk of PD (HR: 1.356, 95% CI: 0.941-1.955, p = 0.103), and the effect remained consistent in specific Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis or unclassified IBD populations. In addition, after sensitivity analysis using propensity matching scores and excluding patients diagnosed with PD 5 or 10 years after baseline, IBD had no effect on the risk of PD. However, in the subgroup analysis, we found that in females (HR: 1.989, 95% CI: 1.032-3.835, p = 0.040), the polygenic risk score was highest (HR: 2.476, 95% CI: 1.401-4.374, p = 0.002), and having ulcerative colitis without hypertension (HR: 2.042, 95% CI: 1.128-3.697, p = 0.018) was associated with an increased risk of PD. Conclusion In conclusion, over an average follow-up period of 13.93 years, we found no significant association between IBD and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-li Wang
- Department of Surgery ICU, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhi-yun Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jie Tian
- Zhengzhou Railway Vocational and Technical College, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Dong-rui Ma
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Chang-he Shi
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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48
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Tosefsky KN, Zhu J, Wang YN, Lam JST, Cammalleri A, Appel-Cresswell S. The Role of Diet in Parkinson's Disease. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2024:JPD230264. [PMID: 38251061 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-230264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this review is to examine the intersection of Parkinson's disease (PD) with nutrition, to identify best nutritional practices based on current evidence, and to identify gaps in the evidence and suggest future directions. Epidemiological work has linked various dietary patterns and food groups to changes in PD risk; however, fewer studies have evaluated the role of various diets, dietary components, and supplements in the management of established PD. There is substantial interest in exploring the role of diet-related interventions in both symptomatic management and potential disease modification. In this paper, we evaluate the utility of several dietary patterns, including the Mediterranean (MeDi), Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND), Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI), vegan/vegetarian, and ketogenic diet in persons with PD. Additionally, we provide an overview of the evidence relating several individual food groups and nutritional supplements to PD risk, symptoms and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira N Tosefsky
- Pacific Parkinson's Research Centre, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- MD Undergraduate Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Julie Zhu
- MD Undergraduate Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Yolanda N Wang
- Pacific Parkinson's Research Centre, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Joyce S T Lam
- Pacific Parkinson's Research Centre, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Amanda Cammalleri
- Pacific Parkinson's Research Centre, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Silke Appel-Cresswell
- Pacific Parkinson's Research Centre, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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49
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Ratan Y, Rajput A, Pareek A, Pareek A, Jain V, Sonia S, Farooqui Z, Kaur R, Singh G. Advancements in Genetic and Biochemical Insights: Unraveling the Etiopathogenesis of Neurodegeneration in Parkinson's Disease. Biomolecules 2024; 14:73. [PMID: 38254673 PMCID: PMC10813470 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative movement disorder worldwide, which is primarily characterized by motor impairments. Even though multiple hypotheses have been proposed over the decades that explain the pathogenesis of PD, presently, there are no cures or promising preventive therapies for PD. This could be attributed to the intricate pathophysiology of PD and the poorly understood molecular mechanism. To address these challenges comprehensively, a thorough disease model is imperative for a nuanced understanding of PD's underlying pathogenic mechanisms. This review offers a detailed analysis of the current state of knowledge regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of PD, with a particular emphasis on the roles played by gene-based factors in the disease's development and progression. This study includes an extensive discussion of the proteins and mutations of primary genes that are linked to PD, including α-synuclein, GBA1, LRRK2, VPS35, PINK1, DJ-1, and Parkin. Further, this review explores plausible mechanisms for DAergic neural loss, non-motor and non-dopaminergic pathologies, and the risk factors associated with PD. The present study will encourage the related research fields to understand better and analyze the current status of the biochemical mechanisms of PD, which might contribute to the design and development of efficacious and safe treatment strategies for PD in future endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashumati Ratan
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali 304022, Rajasthan, India; (A.R.); (A.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Aishwarya Rajput
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali 304022, Rajasthan, India; (A.R.); (A.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Ashutosh Pareek
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali 304022, Rajasthan, India; (A.R.); (A.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Aaushi Pareek
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali 304022, Rajasthan, India; (A.R.); (A.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Vivek Jain
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mohan Lal Sukhadia University, Udaipur 313001, Rajasthan, India;
| | - Sonia Sonia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar 143005, Punjab, India;
| | - Zeba Farooqui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA;
| | - Ranjeet Kaur
- Adesh Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Bathinda 151101, Punjab, India;
| | - Gurjit Singh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA;
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50
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Liu C, Cyphert EL, Stephen SJ, Wang B, Morales AL, Nixon JC, Natsoulas NR, Garcia M, Blazquez Carmona P, Vill AC, Donnelly EL, Brito IL, Vashishth D, Hernandez CJ. Microbiome-induced Increases and Decreases in Bone Tissue Strength can be Initiated After Skeletal Maturity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.03.574074. [PMID: 38260539 PMCID: PMC10802367 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.03.574074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Recent studies in mice have indicated that the gut microbiome can regulate bone tissue strength. However, prior work involved modifications to the gut microbiome in growing animals and it is unclear if the same changes in the microbiome, applied later in life, would change matrix strength. Here we changed the composition of the gut microbiome before and/or after skeletal maturity (16 weeks of age) using oral antibiotics (ampicillin + neomycin). Male and female mice (n=143 total, n=12-17/group/sex) were allocated into five study groups:1) Unaltered, 2) Continuous (dosing 4-24 weeks of age), 3) Delayed (dosing only 16-24 weeks of age), 4) Initial (dosing 4-16 weeks of age, suspended at 16 weeks), and 5) Reconstituted (dosing from 4-16 weeks following by fecal microbiota transplant from Unaltered donors). Animals were euthanized at 24 weeks of age. In males, bone matrix strength in the femur was 25-35% less than expected from geometry in mice from the Continuous (p= 0.001), Delayed (p= 0.005), and Initial (p=0.040) groups as compared to Unaltered. Reconstitution of the gut microbiota, however, led to a bone matrix strength similar to Unaltered animals (p=0.929). In females, microbiome-induced changes in bone matrix strength followed the same trend as males but were not significantly different, demonstrating sex-related differences in the response of bone matrix to the gut microbiota. Minor differences in chemical composition of bone matrix were observed (Raman spectroscopy). Our findings indicate that microbiome-induced impairment of bone matrix in males can be initiated and/or reversed after skeletal maturity. The portion of the femoral cortical bone formed after skeletal maturity (16 weeks) is small; however, this suggests that microbiome-induced changes in bone matrix occur without osteoblast/osteoclast turnover using an, as of yet unidentified mechanism. These findings add to evidence that the mechanical properties of bone matrix can be altered in the adult skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Liu
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - E L Cyphert
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - S J Stephen
- Shirley Ann Jackson, PhD Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - B Wang
- Shirley Ann Jackson, PhD Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - A L Morales
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - J C Nixon
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Shirley Ann Jackson, PhD Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Reseach Division, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
- Rensselaer - Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Center for Engineering and Precision Medicine, New York, NY
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub San Francisco, CA, US
| | - N R Natsoulas
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - M Garcia
- Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - A C Vill
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - E L Donnelly
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
- Reseach Division, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - I L Brito
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - D Vashishth
- Shirley Ann Jackson, PhD Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
- Rensselaer - Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Center for Engineering and Precision Medicine, New York, NY
| | - C J Hernandez
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery and Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub San Francisco, CA, US
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