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Wang Y, Wang J, Wu T, Chen W, Peng D, Wu Z, Ma M, Zheng Q. The anomalous effect of electric field on friction for microscale structural superlubric graphite/Au contact. Natl Sci Rev 2024; 11:nwae019. [PMID: 39144740 PMCID: PMC11321252 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwae019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The current-carrying friction characteristics are crucial for the performance of a sliding electrical contact, which plays critical roles in numerous electrical machines and devices. However, these characteristics are influenced by multiple factors such as material surface quality, chemical reactions, and atmospheric environment, leading to a challenge for researchers to comprehensively consider these impacts. Structural superlubricity (SSL), a state of nearly zero friction and no wear between contact solid surfaces, provides an ideal experimental system for these studies. Here, with microscale graphite flakes on atomic-flattened Au surface under applied voltages, we observed two opposite friction phenomena, depending only on whether the edge of graphite flake was in contact with the Au substrate. When in contact the friction force would increase with an increasing voltage, otherwise, the friction force would decrease. Notably, when the voltage was turned off, the friction force quickly recovered to its original level, indicating the absence of wear. Through atmosphere control and molecular dynamics simulations, we revealed the mechanism to be the different roles played by the water molecules confined at the interface or adsorbed near the edges. Our experimental results demonstrate the remarkable tunable and robust frictional properties of SSL under an electrical field, providing an ideal system for the fundamental research of not only sliding electrical contacts, but also novel devices which demand tunable frictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelingyi Wang
- Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jin Wang
- International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Trieste 34136, Italy
- International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), Trieste 34151, Italy
| | - Tielin Wu
- Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Weipeng Chen
- Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Deli Peng
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Institute of Superlubricity Technology, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Zhanghui Wu
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ming Ma
- Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Institute of Superlubricity Technology, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Lab of Tribology in Advanced Equipment (SKLT), Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, China
| | - Quanshui Zheng
- Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Institute of Superlubricity Technology, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Institute of Materials Research, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518057, China
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2
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Ying P, Hod O, Urbakh M. Superlubric Graphullerene. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:10599-10604. [PMID: 39158098 PMCID: PMC11363119 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c02794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Graphullerene (GF), an extended quasi-two-dimensional network of C60 molecules, is proposed as a multicontact platform for constructing superlubric interfaces with layered materials. Such interfaces are predicted to present very small and comparable sliding energy corrugation regardless of the identity of the underlying flat layered material surface. It is shown that, beyond the geometrical effect, covalent interlinking between the C60 molecules results in reduction of the sliding energy barrier. For extended GF supercells, negligible sliding energy barriers are found along all sliding directions considered, even when compared to the case of the robust superlubric graphene/h-BN heterojunction. This suggests that multicontact architectures can be used to design ultrasuperlubric interfaces, where superlubricity may persist under extreme sliding conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghua Ying
- Department of Physical Chemistry, School
of Chemistry, The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences,
and The Sackler Center for Computational Molecular and Materials Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Oded Hod
- Department of Physical Chemistry, School
of Chemistry, The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences,
and The Sackler Center for Computational Molecular and Materials Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Michael Urbakh
- Department of Physical Chemistry, School
of Chemistry, The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences,
and The Sackler Center for Computational Molecular and Materials Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
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3
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Han Z, Ru G, Li Y, Ma M. Tribological behavior of graphene/h-BN vdW heterostructures: the role of defects at the BN layer. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2024; 36:425001. [PMID: 38976980 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ad604f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Molecular dynamics simulations and first principles calculations were performed to study the tribological behavior of graphene/h-BN (G/h-BN) heterostructures with vacancy and Stone-Wales (SW) defect under uniform normal load, revealing the mechanism of the effect of defect types on friction, and discussing the coupling effect of temperature and interfacial defects on the tribological behavior of G/h-BN heterostructures. Under the normal force of 0.2 nN/atom, the friction force of the four systems is 0.0057, 0.0096, 0.0077, and 0.26 nN, respectively. The friction force of SW defect heterostructure is 45 times that of perfect interface heterostructure. The influence of defect type on friction force is SW > SV > DV. By observing the dynamic change of theZ-direction coordinate position of the sliding layer atoms, the slip potential energy curves and the evolution law of the moiré pattern, the relationship between the structural morphology and the energy change of different defective heterostructures and the frictional behavior was investigated comprehensively and intuitively for the first time. From the perspective of atomic strain, the deformation of heterostructures at the atomic level was quantified. The results showed that at 300 K and 0 K, the maximum strain of atoms in the sliding layer was 11.25% and 9.85%, respectively. The thermal perturbation mainly occurs in the out-of-plane direction, which in turn affects the friction. Through density functional theory, it is found that under uniform load, it is difficult to form bonds between the graphene sliding layer and the substrate layer when the defects are in the h-BN substrate layer, which has less influence on the friction of the system, thus making the defective heterostructures also remainsuperlubricity state. These results provide a new understanding of the interfacial friction of G/h-BN defective heterostructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongfang Han
- Key Laboratory for Mechanics in Fluid Solid Coupling Systems, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Aerospace Research Academy, Guangzhou (Nan Sha) 511458, People's Republic of China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment (SKLT), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
- Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoliang Ru
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center of Advanced Lubrication and Seal Materials, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqiong Li
- Key Laboratory for Mechanics in Fluid Solid Coupling Systems, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Aerospace Research Academy, Guangzhou (Nan Sha) 511458, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Ma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment (SKLT), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
- Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
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4
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Sun T, Gao E, Jia X, Bian J, Wang Z, Ma M, Zheng Q, Xu Z. Robust structural superlubricity under gigapascal pressures. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5952. [PMID: 39009569 PMCID: PMC11251065 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49914-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Structural superlubricity (SSL) is a state of contact with no wear and ultralow friction. SSL has been characterized at contact with van der Waals (vdW) layered materials, while its stability under extreme loading conditions has not been assessed. By designing both self-mated and non-self-mated vdW contacts with materials chosen for their high strengths, we report outstanding robustness of SSL under very high pressures in experiments. The incommensurate self-mated vdW contact between graphite interfaces can maintain the state of SSL under a pressure no lower than 9.45 GPa, and the non-self-mated vdW contact between a tungsten tip and graphite substrate remains stable up to 3.74 GPa. Beyond this critical pressure, wear is activated, signaling the breakdown of vdW contacts and SSL. This unexpectedly strong pressure-resistance and wear-free feature of SSL breaks down the picture of progressive wear. Atomistic simulations show that lattice destruction at the vdW contact by pressure-assisted bonding triggers wear through shear-induced tearing of the single-atomic layers. The correlation between the breakdown pressure and material properties shows that the bulk modulus and the first ionization energy are the most relevant factors, indicating the combined structural and electronic effects. Impressively, the breakdown pressures defined by the SSL interface could even exceed the strength of materials in contact, demonstrating the robustness of SSL. These findings offer a fundamental understanding of wear at the vdW contacts and guide the design of SSL-enabled applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taotao Sun
- Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Railway Engineering Research Institute, China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory for Track System of High-Speed Railway, China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited, Beijing, China
| | - Enlai Gao
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiangzheng Jia
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jinbo Bian
- Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhou Wang
- Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Ma
- Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Quanshui Zheng
- Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
- Center of Double Helix, Institute of Materials Research, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China.
- Institute of Superlubricity Technology, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Zhiping Xu
- Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Applied Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China.
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5
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Wang H, Zhang H, Zhang X, Cao T, Shi J, Fan X. Structural superlubricity at the interface of penta-BN 2. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:18871-18880. [PMID: 38946706 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00619d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials have been widely used as lubricants due to their weak interlayer interaction and low shear resistance for interlayer sliding. Composed entirely of five-membered rings, penta-BN2 monolayer has excellent thermal and mechanical stability, higher hardness and a negative Poisson's ratio. In this work, we investigate the frictional properties at both the commensurate and incommensurate contacting interfaces of penta-BN2 by adopting the molecular dynamics (MD) simulation method. Our calculations demonstrate robust superlubricity at the incommensurate contacting interface of penta-BN2. The ultra-low friction is explained by the potential energy surface (PES) fluctuations, interlayer binding energy and out-of-plane motion amplitude of the sliding layer. In addition, our calculations show that the anisotropy of friction at the commensurate contacting interface is more obvious compared with that at the incommensurate contacting interface. Finally, the influences of the size of the Moiré pattern, normal force, temperature and sliding velocity on the friction are examined. Our results show that 2D penta-BN2 is a promising solid lubricant, enriching the family of 2D lubrication materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Advanced Lubrication and Seal Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China.
| | - Hanyue Zhang
- Queen Mary University of London Engineering School, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 YouYi Western Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710072, China
| | - Xinqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Advanced Lubrication and Seal Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China.
| | - Tengfei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Advanced Lubrication and Seal Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China.
| | - Junqi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Advanced Lubrication and Seal Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China.
| | - Xiaoli Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Advanced Lubrication and Seal Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710072, China.
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Li P, He W, Ju P, Ji L, Liu X, Wu F, Lu Z, Li H, Chen L, Liu J, Zhou H, Chen J. Acquisition of molecular rolling lubrication by self-curling of graphite nanosheet at cryogenic temperature. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5747. [PMID: 38982069 PMCID: PMC11233547 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49994-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Friction as a fundamental physical phenomenon dominates nature and human civilization, among which the achievement of molecular rolling lubrication is desired to bring another breakthrough, like the macroscale design of wheel. Herein, an edge self-curling nanodeformation phenomenon of graphite nanosheets (GNSs) at cryogenic temperature is found, which is then used to promote the formation of graphite nanorollers in friction process towards molecular rolling lubrication. The observation of parallel nanorollers at the friction interface give the experimental evidence for the occurrence of molecular rolling lubrication, and the graphite exhibits abnormal lubrication performance in vacuum with ultra-low friction and wear at macroscale. The molecular rolling lubrication mechanism is elucidated from the electronic interaction perspective. Experiments and theoretical simulations indicate that the driving force of the self-curling is the uneven atomic shrinkage induced stress, and then the shear force promotes the intact nanoroller formation, while the constraint of atomic vibration decreases the dissipation of driving stress and favors the nanoroller formation therein. It will open up a new pathway for controlling friction at microscale and nanostructural manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenhao He
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Pengfei Ju
- Shanghai Aerospace Equipment Manufacture, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Zhibin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Hongxuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingzhou Liu
- Shanghai Aerospace Equipment Manufacture, Shanghai, China
| | - Huidi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianmin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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7
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Long Y, Wang X, Tan W, Li B, Li J, Deng W, Li X, Guo W, Yin J. High-Temperature Superlubricity in MoS 2/Graphene van der Waals Heterostructures. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:7572-7577. [PMID: 38860969 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.4c00542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Achieving high-temperature superlubricity is essential for modern extreme tribosystems. Solid lubrication is the sole viable alternative due to the degradation of liquid ones but currently suffers from notable wear, instability, and high friction coefficient. Here, we report robust superlubricity in MoS2/graphene van der Waals heterostructures at high temperatures up to ∼850 K, achieved through localized heating to enable reliable friction testing. The ultralow friction of the MoS2/graphene heterostructure is found to be notably further reduced at elevated temperature and dominantly contributed by the MoS2 edge. The observation can be well described by a multi-contact model, wherein the thermally activated rupture of edge-contacts facilitates the sliding. Our results should be applicable to other van der Waals heterostructures and shed light on their applications for superlubricity at elevated temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Long
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control for Aerospace Structures, Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of the Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control for Aerospace Structures, Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of the Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control for Aerospace Structures, Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of the Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, People's Republic of China
| | - Baowen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control for Aerospace Structures, Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of the Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jidong Li
- Institute for Frontier Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Deng
- Institute for Frontier Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control for Aerospace Structures, Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of the Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, People's Republic of China
- College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanlin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control for Aerospace Structures, Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of the Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, People's Republic of China
- Institute for Frontier Science, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control for Aerospace Structures, Key Laboratory for Intelligent Nano Materials and Devices of the Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016, People's Republic of China
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8
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Ji JR, Villanova JW, Barraza-Lopez S, Parkin SSP, Chang K. Defect-Free Nanowelding of Bilayer SnSe Nanoplates. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2312199. [PMID: 38975745 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
Nanowelding is a bottom-up technique to create custom-designed nanostructures and devices beyond the precision of lithographic methods. Here, a new technique is reported based on anisotropic lubricity at the van der Waals interface between monolayer and bilayer SnSe nanoplates and a graphene substrate to achieve precise control of the crystal orientation and the interface during the welding process. As-grown SnSe monolayer and bilayer nanoplates are commensurate with graphene's armchair direction but lack commensuration along graphene's zigzag direction, resulting in a reduced friction along that direction and a rail-like, 1D movement that permits joining nanoplates with high precision. This way, molecular beam epitaxially grown SnSe nanoplates of lateral sizes 30-100 nm are manipulated by the tip of a scanning tunneling microscope at room temperature. In situ annealing is applied afterward to weld contacting nanoplates without atomic defects at the interface. This technique can be generalized to any van der Waals interfaces with anisotropic lubricity and is highly promising for the construction of complex quantum devices, such as field effect transistors, quantum interference devices, lateral tunneling junctions, and solid-state qubits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Rong Ji
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - John W Villanova
- Department of Physics, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | | | - Stuart S P Parkin
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, Weinberg 2, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Kai Chang
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
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9
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Wu D, Zhao Z, Lin B, Song Y, Qi J, Jiang J, Yuan Z, Cheng B, Zhao M, Tian Y, Wang Z, Wu M, Bian K, Liu KH, Xu LM, Zeng XC, Wang EG, Jiang Y. Probing structural superlubricity of two-dimensional water transport with atomic resolution. Science 2024; 384:1254-1259. [PMID: 38870285 DOI: 10.1126/science.ado1544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Low-dimensional water transport can be drastically enhanced under atomic-scale confinement. However, its microscopic origin is still under debate. In this work, we directly imaged the atomic structure and transport of two-dimensional water islands on graphene and hexagonal boron nitride surfaces using qPlus-based atomic force microscopy. The lattice of the water island was incommensurate with the graphene surface but commensurate with the boron nitride surface owing to different surface electrostatics. The area-normalized static friction on the graphene diminished as the island area was increased by a power of ~-0.58, suggesting superlubricity behavior. By contrast, the friction on the boron nitride appeared insensitive to the area. Molecular dynamic simulations further showed that the friction coefficient of the water islands on the graphene could reduce to <0.01.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Wu
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhengpu Zhao
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Bo Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Yizhi Song
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jiajie Qi
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jian Jiang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Zifeng Yuan
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Bowei Cheng
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Mengze Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ye Tian
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhichang Wang
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Muhong Wu
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Light-Element Quantum Materials and Research Centre for Light-Element Advanced Materials, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Institute of Physics, CAS and School of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
| | - Ke Bian
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Kai-Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Light-Element Quantum Materials and Research Centre for Light-Element Advanced Materials, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Li-Mei Xu
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Light-Element Quantum Materials and Research Centre for Light-Element Advanced Materials, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiao Cheng Zeng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - En-Ge Wang
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Light-Element Quantum Materials and Research Centre for Light-Element Advanced Materials, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Institute of Physics, CAS and School of Physics, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
- Tsientang Institute for Advanced Study, Zhejiang 310024, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- International Center for Quantum Materials, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Light-Element Quantum Materials and Research Centre for Light-Element Advanced Materials, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing 100871, China
- New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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10
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Wang Y, Yang X, Liang H, Zhao J, Zhang J. Macroscale Superlubricity on Nanoscale Graphene Moiré Structure-Assembled Surface via Counterface Hydrogen Modulation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2309701. [PMID: 38483889 PMCID: PMC11109616 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202309701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Interlayer incommensurateness slippage is an excellent pathway to realize superlubricity of van der Waals materials; however, it is instable and heavily depends on twisted angle and super-smooth substrate which pose great challenges for the practical application of superlubricity. Here, macroscale superlubricity (0.001) is reported on countless nanoscale graphene moiré structure (GMS)-assembled surface via counterface hydrogen (H) modulation. The GMS-assembled surface is formed on grinding balls via sphere-triggered strain engineering. By the H modulation of counterface diamond-like carbon (25 at.% H), the wear of GMS-assembled surface is significantly reduced and a steadily superlubric sliding interface between them is achieved, based on assembly face charge depletion and H-induced assembly edge weakening. Furthermore, the superlubricity between GMS-assembled and DLC25 surfaces holds true in wide ranges of normal load (7-11 N), sliding velocity (0.5-27 cm -1s), contact area (0.4×104-3.7×104 µm2), and contact pressure (0.19-1.82 GPa). Atomistic simulations confirm the preferential formation of GMS on a sphere, and demonstrate the superlubricity on GMS-assembled surface via counterface H modulation. The results provide an efficient tribo-pairing strategy to achieve robust superlubricity, which is of significance for the engineering application of superlubricity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid LubricationLanzhou Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of ScienceLanzhou730000China
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Wear and Protection of MaterialsLanzhou Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou730000China
| | - Xing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid LubricationLanzhou Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of ScienceLanzhou730000China
| | - Huiting Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid LubricationLanzhou Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of ScienceLanzhou730000China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Division of Machine ElementsDepartment of Engineering Sciences and MathematicsLuleå University of TechnologyLuleåSE‐97187Sweden
| | - Junyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid LubricationLanzhou Institute of Chemical PhysicsChinese Academy of ScienceLanzhou730000China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics EngineeringUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
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11
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Hao Y, Sun TY, Ye JT, Huang LF, Wang LP. Accurate Simulation for 2D Lubricating Materials in Realistic Environments: From Classical to Quantum Mechanical Methods. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2312429. [PMID: 38655823 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
2D materials such as graphene, MoS2, and hexagonal BN are the most advanced solid lubricating materials with superior friction and anti-wear performance. However, as a typical surface phenomenon, the lubricating properties of 2D materials are largely dependent on the surrounding environment, such as temperature, stress, humidity, oxygen, and other environmental substances. Given the technical challenges in experiment for real-time and in situ detection of microscopic environment-material interaction, recent years have witnessed the acceleration of computational research on the lubrication behavior of 2D materials in realistic environments. This study reviews the up-to-date computational studies for the effect of environmental factors on the lubrication performance of 2D materials, summarizes the theoretical methods in lubrication from classical to quantum-mechanics ones, and emphasizes the importance of quantum method in revealing the lubrication mechanism at atomic and electronic level. An effective simulation method based on ab initio molecular dynamics is also proposed to try to provide more ways to accurately reveal the friction mechanisms and reliably guide the lubricating material design. On the basis of current development, future prospects, and challenges for the simulation and modeling in lubrication with realistic environment are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Hao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- Research Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Sciences, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Tian-Yu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- Research Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Sciences, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Jin-Tao Ye
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- Research Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Sciences, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Liang-Feng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- Research Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Sciences, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Li-Ping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
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12
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Wu Z, Li X, Peng D, Zheng Q. Positive-Negative Tunable Coefficients of Friction in Superlubric Contacts. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:156201. [PMID: 38683007 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.156201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
In conventional systems, the coefficient of friction (COF) is typically positive, signifying a direct relationship between frictional and normal forces. Contrary to this, we observe that the load dependence of friction exhibits a unique bell-shaped curve when studying the frictional properties between graphite and α-Al_{2}O_{3} surfaces. As the applied normal force increases, the friction initially rises and then decreases. Finite element simulations reveal this behavior is due to edge detachment at the graphite/α-Al_{2}O_{3} interface as the normal force approaches a critical value. Because friction in superlubric contacts predominantly arises from edges, their detachment leads to a decrease in overall friction. We empirically validate these findings by varying the radii of curvature of the tips and the thicknesses of graphite flakes. This unprecedented observation offers a new paradigm for tuning COF in superlubric applications, enabling transitions from positive to negative values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanghui Wu
- Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xuanhe Li
- Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - Deli Peng
- Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Institute of Superlubricity Technology, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Quanshui Zheng
- Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Institute of Superlubricity Technology, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Center of Double Helix, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518057, China
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13
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Dong Y, Yang F, Wang J, Tang X, Tao Y, Shi B, Liu Y. Coupling Effect of Structural Lubrication and Thermal Excitation on Phononic Friction. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38593204 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
This work investigates the coupling effect of structural lubrication and thermal excitation on phononic friction between black phosphorus (BP) layers. As the rotation angle increases from commensurate to incommensurate states, the friction gradually decreases at any temperature. However, the role of temperature in friction depends on commensurability. For a rotation angle less than 10°, increasing temperature leads to a decrease in friction due to thermal excitation. Conversely, when the rotation angle exceeds 10°, elevated temperature results in an increase in friction due to the effect of thermal collision. At a critical rotation angle of 10°, higher temperatures lead to reduced friction through thermal lubrication at low speeds, and at large speeds, the thermal excitation duration becomes so short that the role of thermal lubrication is weakened, and instead thermal collision dominates. Further research reveals that BP's ability to withstand different maximum speeds is also determined by commensurability. Finally, a method to measure the sliding period length of a rotated tip through an unrotated substrate potential energy topography is proposed and simply verified by using the phonon spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Dong
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
- Institute of Nanomaterials Application Technology, Gansu Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Futian Yang
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Jinguang Wang
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Xinyi Tang
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Yi Tao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Bo Shi
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Yifan Liu
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
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14
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Ying P, Natan A, Hod O, Urbakh M. Effect of Interlayer Bonding on Superlubric Sliding of Graphene Contacts: A Machine-Learning Potential Study. ACS NANO 2024; 18:10133-10141. [PMID: 38546136 PMCID: PMC11008353 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c13099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Surface defects and their mutual interactions are anticipated to affect the superlubric sliding of incommensurate layered material interfaces. Atomistic understanding of this phenomenon is limited due to the high computational cost of ab initio simulations and the absence of reliable classical force-fields for molecular dynamics simulations of defected systems. To address this, we present a machine-learning potential (MLP) for bilayer defected graphene, utilizing state-of-the-art graph neural networks trained against many-body dispersion corrected density functional theory calculations under iterative configuration space exploration. The developed MLP is utilized to study the impact of interlayer bonding on the friction of bilayer defected graphene interfaces. While a mild effect on the sliding dynamics of aligned graphene interfaces is observed, the friction coefficients of incommensurate graphene interfaces are found to significantly increase due to interlayer bonding, nearly pushing the system out of the superlubric regime. The methodology utilized herein is of general nature and can be adapted to describe other homogeneous and heterogeneous defected layered material interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghua Ying
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, The Raymond and Beverly
Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences and The Sackler Center for Computational
Molecular and Materials Science, Tel Aviv
University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Amir Natan
- Department
of Physical Electronics, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Oded Hod
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, The Raymond and Beverly
Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences and The Sackler Center for Computational
Molecular and Materials Science, Tel Aviv
University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Michael Urbakh
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, The Raymond and Beverly
Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences and The Sackler Center for Computational
Molecular and Materials Science, Tel Aviv
University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
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15
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Chen S, Sun H, Liu J, Wang J, Lu H, Hao J, Xu L, Liu W. A dual-responsive microemulsion with macroscale superlubricity and largely switchable friction. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:1668-1678. [PMID: 38476075 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh01978k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Although stimuli-responsive microemulsions (MEMs) consisting of water, oil and surfactants have found extensive potential applications in industrial fields, a responsive MEM exhibiting either macroscale superlubricity or two friction states where its coefficient of friction (CoF) can be switched by more than one order of magnitude has not yet been reported. Moreover, although traditional liquid superlubricants can provide ultralow friction and wear, effective control over the friction between two contacting surfaces is crucial for both achieving accurate control of the operation of an instrument and fabricating smart devices. Here we create a thermo- and magneto-responsive MEM capable of providing superlubrication for metallic materials in a broad temperature range from -30 to 20 °C using n-hexane, water, surfactant DDACe ((C12H25)2N+(CH3)2[CeCl4]-) and ethylene glycol. The MEM can abruptly and dramatically switch its CoF by approximately 25 fold based on a thermally reversible MEM-emulsion (EM) transition. Its anti-freezing performance allows it to provide effective lubrication even when the surrounding temperature attains as low as -60 °C. Together with its facile preparation, ultrahigh colloidal stability and magnetically controlled migration, such a novel smart MEM is envisioned to find widespread applications in materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Hong Sun
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Tai'an 271016, China
| | - Jian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Jinyu Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Hongsheng Lu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Jingcheng Hao
- Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing at Yantai, Yantai 264006, China
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry & Key Laboratory of Special Aggregated Materials (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Lu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry & Key Laboratory of Special Aggregated Materials (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Weimin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry & Key Laboratory of Special Aggregated Materials (Ministry of Education), Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
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16
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Wang T, Yang J, Chen S, Sun Y, Jia X, Song H. Long-Term Stable Superlubricity Coatings Enabled by the Interaction between the Polydimethylsiloxane Brush and Silicone Oil. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:11134-11144. [PMID: 38354312 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c00734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Recently, materials with superlubricity captured widespread attention on account of their great potential in energy savings and environmental protection. However, certain issues still remain to be solved for the traditional materials, such as the dependence on strict conditions and an unstable superlubricity state. Herein, a long-term stable superlubricity coating was prepared using a low-cost and simple method via an epoxy-based coating with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) brushes under silicone oil (SO) lubrication conditions. Compared with the pure epoxy resin matrix, the friction coefficient and wear track width of the superlubricity coating with the optimal amount of 6 wt % PDMS are reduced to 0.006 and 50.9 μm (reduced by 10-fold and 5.6-fold decrease, respectively). In addition, the coating can maintain a stable superlubricity state during a 5 h tribological test. The superlubricity of the coating results from the synergistic lubrication effect of the PDMS brush and SO. First, PDMS brushes with high-stretched conformation due to the swelling effect of the SO can significantly reduce friction. Second, a stable oil film is generated between the contact surfaces, which significantly improves the frictional performance. Moreover, the PDMS incorporated into the coating matrix, along with oil-swelling PDMS brushes on the surface, is highly beneficial for enhancing corrosion resistance of the epoxy resin matrix. Such an epoxy-based coating with long-term stable superlubricity is considered as a potential lubricating and protective surface for tribological components for long-term service.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi' an, Shaanxi 710021, P. R. China
| | - Jin Yang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi' an, Shaanxi 710021, P. R. China
| | - Shangfei Chen
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi' an, Shaanxi 710021, P. R. China
| | - Yafei Sun
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi' an, Shaanxi 710021, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohua Jia
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi' an, Shaanxi 710021, P. R. China
| | - Haojie Song
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Functionalization for Inorganic Materials, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi' an, Shaanxi 710021, P. R. China
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17
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Huang S, Wei Z, Duan Z, Sun C, Wang Y, Tao Y, Zhang Y, Kan Y, Meyer E, Li D, Chen Y. Reexamination of Damping in Sliding Friction. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:056203. [PMID: 38364171 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.056203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Friction is responsible for about one-third of the primary energy consumption in the world. So far, a thorough atomistic understanding of the frictional energy dissipation mechanisms is still lacking. The Amontons' law states that kinetic friction is independent of the sliding velocity while the Prandtl-Tomlinson model suggests that damping is proportional to the relative sliding velocity between two contacting objects. Through careful analysis of the energy dissipation process in atomic force microscopy measurements, here we propose that damping force is proportional to the tip oscillation speed induced by friction. It is shown that a physically well-founded damping term can better reproduce the multiple peaks in the velocity-dependent friction force observed in both experiments and molecular dynamics simulations. Importantly, the analysis gives a clear physical picture of the dynamics of energy dissipation in different friction phases, which provides insight into long-standing puzzles in sliding friction, such as velocity weakening and spring-stiffness-dependent friction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyu Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Zhiyong Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Zaoqi Duan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Chengdong Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Yongkang Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Yi Tao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Yajing Kan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Ernst Meyer
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Deyu Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235-1592, USA
| | - Yunfei Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
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18
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Zhang Y, Li J, Wang Y, Nie J, Wang C, Tian K, Ma M. Loading Mode-Induced Enhancement in Friction for Microscale Graphite/Hexagonal Boron Nitride Heterojunction. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:5308-5315. [PMID: 38235683 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c16962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Classical friction laws traditionally assume that the friction between solid pairs remains constant with a given normal load. However, our study has unveiled a remarkable deviation from conventional wisdom. In this paper, we discovered that altering the loading mode of micro graphite flakes led to significant changes in the lateral friction under identical normal loads. By adding a cap onto a single graphite flake to disperse the normal load applied by an atomic force microscope (AFM) tip, we were able to distribute the concentrated force. Astonishingly, our results demonstrated a notable 4-7 times increase in friction as a consequence of load dispersion. Finite element analysis (FEA) further confirmed that the increase in compressive stress at the edges of the graphite flake, resulting from load dispersion, led to a significant increase in friction. This study underscores the critical role of the loading mode in microscale friction dynamics, challenging the prevailing notion that friction remains static with a given normal force. Importantly, our research sheds light on the potential for achieving macroscale structural superlubricity (SSL) by assembling microscale SSL graphite flakes by using a larger cap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yize Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment & Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiacheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment & Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yiran Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment & Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jinhui Nie
- Institute of Superlubricity Technology, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Laboratory of Advanced Energy Storage Materials & devices, Center for Advanced Materials & Biotechnology, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Kaiwen Tian
- Institute of Superlubricity Technology, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Ming Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment & Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Institute of Superlubricity Technology, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China
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19
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Brilliantov NV, Tsukanov AA, Grebenko AK, Nasibulin AG, Ostanin IA. Atomistic Mechanism of Friction-Force Independence on the Normal Load and Other Friction Laws for Dynamic Structural Superlubricity. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:266201. [PMID: 38215361 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.266201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
We explore dynamic structural superlubricity for the case of a relatively large contact area, where the friction force is proportional to the area (exceeding ∼100 nm^{2}) experimentally, numerically, and theoretically. We use a setup composed of two molecular smooth incommensurate surfaces: graphene-covered tip and substrate. The experiments and molecular dynamic simulations demonstrate independence of the friction force on the normal load for a wide range of normal loads and relative surface velocities. We propose an atomistic mechanism for this phenomenon, associated with synchronic out-of-plane surface fluctuations of thermal origin, and confirm it by numerical experiments. Based on this mechanism, we develop a theory for this type of superlubricity and show that friction force increases linearly with increasing temperature and relative velocity for velocities larger than a threshold velocity. The molecular dynamic results are in a fair agreement with predictions of the theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolay V Brilliantov
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 121205 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Mathematics, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | | | - Artem K Grebenko
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Albert G Nasibulin
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 121205 Moscow, Russia
- Kemerovo State University, Krasnaya 6, 650000, Kemerovo, Russia
| | - Igor A Ostanin
- Faculty of Engineering Technology, University of Twente, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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20
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Chen W, Wu T, Wang Y, Wang Y, Ma M, Zheng Q, Wu Z. Filtering Robust Graphite without Incommensurate Interfaces by Electrical Technique. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15. [PMID: 38047454 PMCID: PMC10726965 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c12234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals (vdW) layered materials have attracted considerable attention due to their potential applications in various fields. Among these materials, graphite is widely employed to achieve structural superlubricity (SSL), where the interfacial friction between two solids is almost negligible and the wear is zero. However, the development of integrated SSL systems using graphite flakes still faces a major obstacle stemming from the inherent delamination-induced instability in vdW layered materials. To address this issue, we propose a nondestructive filtering technique that utilizes electrical measurement to identify robust graphite flakes without delamination. Our experimental results confirm that all the filtered graphite flakes exhibit delamination-free behavior after more than 7000 cycles of sliding on a series of 2D and 3D substrates. Besides, we employ three types of characterizing methods to confirm that the filtering process does not impair the graphite flakes. Moreover, with focused ion beam (FIB) assisted slicing characterization and statistical analysis, we have discovered that all of the filtered flakes possess a graphite layer thickness below 100 nm. This is consistent with the thickness of the single crystalline graphite layer of our samples reported in the literature, suggesting the absence of incommensurate interfaces in the filtered graphite flakes. Our work contributes to a deeper understanding of the relationship between graphite conductance and incommensurate interfaces. In addition, we present a possible solution to address the delamination problem in layered materials, and this technique shows the potential to characterize the internal microstructure of grains and the distribution of grain boundaries in vdW materials on a large scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weipeng Chen
- Center
for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Department
of Engineering Mechanics, School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Tielin Wu
- Center
for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Department
of Engineering Mechanics, School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yelingyi Wang
- Center
for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Department
of Engineering Mechanics, School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yiran Wang
- Center
for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ming Ma
- Center
for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State
Key Lab of Tribology in Advanced Equipment (SKLT), Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, China
- Institute
of Superlubricity Technology, Research Institute
of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Quanshui Zheng
- Center
for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Department
of Engineering Mechanics, School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- State
Key Lab of Tribology in Advanced Equipment (SKLT), Tsinghua University, Beijing 10084, China
- Institute
of Superlubricity Technology, Research Institute
of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Tsinghua
Shenzhen International Graduate School, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Zhanghui Wu
- Center
for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Department
of Engineering Mechanics, School of Aerospace Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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21
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Jiang W, Sofer R, Gao X, Tkatchenko A, Kronik L, Ouyang W, Urbakh M, Hod O. Anisotropic Interlayer Force Field for Group-VI Transition Metal Dichalcogenides. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:9820-9830. [PMID: 37938019 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c04540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
An anisotropic interlayer force field that describes the interlayer interactions in homogeneous and heterogeneous interfaces of group-VI transition metal dichalcogenides (MX2, where M = Mo, W, and X = S, Se) is presented. The force field is benchmarked against density functional theory calculations for bilayer systems within the Heyd-Scuseria-Ernzerhof hybrid density functional approximation, augmented by a nonlocal many-body dispersion treatment of long-range correlation. The parametrization yields good agreement with the reference calculations of binding energy curves and sliding potential energy surfaces. It is found to be transferable to transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) junctions outside of the training set that contain the same atom types. Calculated bulk moduli agree with most previous dispersion-corrected density functional theory predictions, which underestimate the available experimental values. Calculated phonon spectra of the various junctions under consideration demonstrate the importance of appropriately treating the anisotropic nature of the layered interfaces. Considering our previous parametrization for MoS2, the anisotropic interlayer potential enables accurate and efficient large-scale simulations of the dynamical, tribological, and thermal transport properties of a large set of homogeneous and heterogeneous TMD interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwu Jiang
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
| | - Reut Sofer
- School of Chemistry and The Sackler Center for Computational Molecular and Materials Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Xiang Gao
- School of Chemistry and The Sackler Center for Computational Molecular and Materials Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Alexandre Tkatchenko
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, L-1511 Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - Leeor Kronik
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovoth 76100, Israel
| | - Wengen Ouyang
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Michael Urbakh
- School of Chemistry and The Sackler Center for Computational Molecular and Materials Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Oded Hod
- School of Chemistry and The Sackler Center for Computational Molecular and Materials Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
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22
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Hörmann L, Cartus JJ, Hofmann OT. Impact of Static Distortion Waves on Superlubricity. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:42457-42466. [PMID: 38024737 PMCID: PMC10652266 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Friction is a major source of energy loss in mechanical devices. This energy loss may be minimized by creating interfaces with extremely reduced friction, i.e., superlubricity. Conventional wisdom holds that incommensurate interface structures facilitate superlubricity. Accurately describing friction necessitates the precise modeling of the interface structure. This, in turn, requires the use of accurate first-principles electronic structure methods, especially when studying organic/metal interfaces, which are highly relevant due to their tunability and propensity to form incommensurate structures. However, the system size required to calculate incommensurate structures renders such calculations intractable. As a result, studies of incommensurate interfaces have been limited to very simple model systems or strongly simplified methodology. We overcome this limitation by developing a machine-learned interatomic potential that is able to determine energies and forces for structures containing thousands to tens of thousands of atoms with an accuracy comparable to conventional first-principles methods but at a fraction of the cost. Using this approach, we quantify the breakdown of superlubricity in incommensurate structures due to the formation of static distortion waves. Moreover, we extract design principles to engineer incommensurate interface systems where the formation of static distortion waves is suppressed, which facilitates low friction coefficients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Hörmann
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Graz University of Technology, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Johannes J. Cartus
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Graz University of Technology, Graz 8010, Austria
| | - Oliver T. Hofmann
- Institute of Solid State Physics, Graz University of Technology, Graz 8010, Austria
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23
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Hu J, Yu L, Chen X, Lee W, Mate CM, Heinz TF. Moiré-Assisted Strain Transfer in Vertical van der Waals Heterostructures. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:10051-10057. [PMID: 37903015 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Strain provides a powerful method to study 2D monolayers and to tune their properties. The same approach also has great potential for van-der-Waals (vdW) heterostructures. However, we need to understand how strain can be applied to vertically stacked vdW structures, for which strain transfer from one layer to the next remains little explored. In our experiment, we fabricated vertical heterostructures consisting of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) monolayers that were deposited on a flexible substrate. These TMDC heterostructures allowed us to read out separately the strain in each monolayer by photoluminescence measurements. We find that, in TMDC heterostructures with large twist angles (>5°), strain transfer is limited. However, for aligned heterostructures with small twist angles (≤5°), near unity strain transfer efficiency is observed. We correlate this finding with the moiré domains formed in the aligned heterostructures by reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Hu
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Leo Yu
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Xueqi Chen
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Wanhee Lee
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - C Mathew Mate
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Tony F Heinz
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
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24
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Song Y, Meyer E. Atomic Friction Processes of Two-Dimensional Materials. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:15409-15416. [PMID: 37880203 PMCID: PMC10634352 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
In this Perspective, we present the recent advances in atomic friction measured of two-dimensional materials obtained by friction force microscopy. Starting with the atomic-scale stick-slip behavior, a beautiful highly nonequilibrium process, we discuss the main factors that contribute to determine sliding friction between single asperity and a two-dimensional sheet including chemical identity of material, thickness, external load, sliding direction, velocity/temperature, and contact size. In particular, we focus on the latest progress of the more complex friction behavior of moiré systems involving 2D layered materials. The underlying mechanisms of these frictional characteristics observed during the sliding process by theoretical and computational studies are also discussed. Finally, a discussion and outlook on the perspective of this field are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Song
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Ernst Meyer
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Basel 4056, Switzerland
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25
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Wang R, Zhang F, Yang K, Xiong Y, Tang J, Chen H, Duan M, Li Z, Zhang H, Xiong B. Review of two-dimensional nanomaterials in tribology: Recent developments, challenges and prospects. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 321:103004. [PMID: 37837702 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2023.103004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
From our ordinary lives to various mechanical systems, friction and wear are often unavoidable phenomena that are heavily responsible for excessive expenditures of nonrenewable energy, the damages and failures of system movement components, as well as immense economic losses. Thus, achieving low friction and high anti-wear performance is critical for minimization of these adverse factors. Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials, including transition metal dichalcogenides, single elements, transition metal carbides, nitrides and carbonitrides, hexagonal boron nitride, and metal-organic frameworks have attracted remarkable interests in friction and wear reduction of various applications, owing to their atomic-thin planar morphologies and tribological potential. In this paper, we systematically review the current tribological progress on 2D nanomaterials when used as lubricant additives, reinforcement phases in the coatings and bulk materials, or a major component of superlubricity system. Additionally, the conclusions and prospects on 2D nanomaterials with the existing drawbacks, challenges and future direction in such tribological fields are briefly provided. Finally, we sincerely hope such a review will offer valuable lights for 2D nanomaterial-related researches dedicated on tribology in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruili Wang
- Faculty of Engineering, Huanghe Science and Technology University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Feizhi Zhang
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Materials Surface/Interface Science & Technology, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha 410004, China; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Avenue West of Yellow River, Anyang 455000, China.
| | - Kang Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Avenue West of Yellow River, Anyang 455000, China.
| | - Yahui Xiong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Avenue West of Yellow River, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Avenue West of Yellow River, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Avenue West of Yellow River, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Mengchen Duan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Avenue West of Yellow River, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Zhenjie Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Avenue West of Yellow River, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Honglei Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Avenue West of Yellow River, Anyang 455000, China
| | - Bangying Xiong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Anyang Institute of Technology, Avenue West of Yellow River, Anyang 455000, China
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26
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Liu J, Yang X, Fang H, Yan W, Ouyang W, Liu Z. In Situ Twistronics: A New Platform Based on Superlubricity. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2305072. [PMID: 37867201 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Twistronics, an emerging field focused on exploring the unique electrical properties induced by twist interface in graphene multilayers, has garnered significant attention in recent years. The general manipulation of twist angle depends on the assembly of van der Waals (vdW) layered materials, which has led to the discovery of unconventional superconductivity, ferroelectricity, and nonlinear optics, thereby expanding the realm of twistronics. Recently, in situ tuning of interlayer conductivity in vdW layered materials has been achieved based on scanning probe microscope. In this Perspective, the advancements in in situ twistronics are focused on by reviewing the state-of-the-art in situ manipulating technology, discussing the underlying mechanism based on the concept of structural superlubricity, and exploiting the real-time twistronic tests under scanning electron microscope (SEM). It is shown that the real-time manipulation under SEM allows for visualizing and monitoring the interface status during in situ twistronic testing. By harnessing the unique tribological properties of vdW layered materials, this novel platform not only enhances the fabrication of twistronic devices but also facilitates the fundamental understanding of interface phenomena in vdW layered materials. Moreover, this platform holds great promise for the application of twistronic-mechanical systems, providing avenues for the integration of twistronics into various mechanical frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxin Liu
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Xiaoqi Yang
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Hui Fang
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Weidong Yan
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
| | - Wengen Ouyang
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Ze Liu
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, China
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430072, P. R. China
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27
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Jiao C, Pei S, Wu S, Wang Z, Xia J. Tuning and exploiting interlayer coupling in two-dimensional van der Waals heterostructures. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2023; 86:114503. [PMID: 37774692 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/acfe89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) layered materials can stack into new material systems, with van der Waals (vdW) interaction between the adjacent constituent layers. This stacking process of 2D atomic layers creates a new degree of freedom-interlayer interface between two adjacent layers-that can be independently studied and tuned from the intralayer degree of freedom. In such heterostructures (HSs), the physical properties are largely determined by the vdW interaction between the individual layers,i.e.interlayer coupling, which can be effectively tuned by a number of means. In this review, we summarize and discuss a number of such approaches, including stacking order, electric field, intercalation, and pressure, with both their experimental demonstrations and theoretical predictions. A comprehensive overview of the modulation on structural, optical, electrical, and magnetic properties by these four approaches are also presented. We conclude this review by discussing several prospective research directions in 2D HSs field, including fundamental physics study, property tuning techniques, and future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyin Jiao
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenghai Pei
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, People's Republic of China
| | - Song Wu
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, People's Republic of China
| | - Zenghui Wang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Xia
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, People's Republic of China
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28
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Chen L, Lin C, Shi D, Huang X, Zheng Q, Nie J, Ma M. Fully automatic transfer and measurement system for structural superlubric materials. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6323. [PMID: 37816725 PMCID: PMC10564961 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41859-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Structural superlubricity, a state of nearly zero friction and no wear between two contact surfaces under relative sliding, holds immense potential for research and application prospects in micro-electro-mechanical systems devices, mechanical engineering, and energy resources. A critical step towards the practical application of structural superlubricity is the mass transfer and high throughput performance evaluation. Limited by the yield rate of material preparation, existing automated systems, such as roll printing or massive stamping, are inadequate for this task. In this paper, a machine learning-assisted system is proposed to realize fully automated selective transfer and tribological performance measurement for structural superlubricity materials. Specifically, the system has a judgment accuracy of over 98% for the selection of micro-scale graphite flakes with structural superlubricity properties and complete the 100 graphite flakes assembly array to form various pre-designed patterns within 100 mins, which is 15 times faster than manual operation. Besides, the system is capable of automatically measuring the tribological performance of over 100 selected flakes on Si3N4, delivering statistical results for new interface which is beyond the reach of traditional methods. With its high accuracy, efficiency, and robustness, this machine learning-assisted system promotes the fundamental research and practical application of structural superlubricity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Cong Lin
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Diwei Shi
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xuanyu Huang
- Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Quanshui Zheng
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518057, China
- Institute of Materials Research, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Jinhui Nie
- Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518057, China.
| | - Ming Ma
- Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
- Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518057, China.
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29
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Wei Z, Han D, Wang Q, Sun C, Tao Y, Xiang L, Kan Y, Zhang Y, Lu X, Chen Y. Modulating Friction by the Phase of the Vertical Vibrational Excitation at Washboard Frequency. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:45516-45525. [PMID: 37722024 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c11347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Applying external vibrations at the resonant frequencies of the frictional system has been a highly effective approach to suppress friction but usually requires additional energy consumption. In this study, we find that in addition to exerting the vibration at the resonant frequency of the frictional system, the friction force on the atomically flat silicon surface can also present a local minimum when the oscillation frequency of the vertical vibrational excitation equals the washboard frequency with respect to the sliding velocity. Moreover, compared with the additional energy consumption at the resonant frequency, applying vertical vibrational excitation at the washboard frequency requires much less energy consumption. The study further shows that the friction force under the washboard frequency can be effectively mediated depending on how the initial phase angle of the vertical vibrational excitation affects the effective substrate potential barrier at the slip moment of the tip. We have also extended the proposed friction modulation technique on atomically flat surfaces to periodic textured surfaces and confirmed its practicality and great potential for controlling friction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design & Manufacture of Micro/Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Han
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design & Manufacture of Micro/Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design & Manufacture of Micro/Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengdong Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design & Manufacture of Micro/Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Tao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design & Manufacture of Micro/Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Xiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design & Manufacture of Micro/Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajing Kan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design & Manufacture of Micro/Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design & Manufacture of Micro/Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design & Manufacture of Micro/Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunfei Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design & Manufacture of Micro/Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, People's Republic of China
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30
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Yang D, Qu C, Gongyang Y, Zheng Q. Manipulation and Characterization of Submillimeter Shearing Contacts in Graphite by the Micro-Dome Technique. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:44563-44571. [PMID: 37672630 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Manipulation techniques are the key to measuring fundamental properties of layered materials and their monolayers (2D materials) on the micro- and nanoscale as well as a necessity to the solution of relevant existing challenges. An example is the challenge against upscaling structural superlubricity, a phenomenon of near-zero friction and wear in solid contacts. To date, the largest single structural superlubric contact only has a size of a few tens of micrometers, which is achieved on graphite mesa, a system that has shown microscale superlubricity. The first obstacle against extending the contact size is the lack of suitable manipulation techniques. Here, a micro-dome technique is demonstrated on graphite mesas by shearing contacts 2500 times larger in area than previously possible. With this technique, submillimeter graphite mesas are opened, characterized for the first time, and compared to their microscale counterparts. Interfacial structures, which are possibly related to the failure of superlubricity, are observed: commensurate grains, external steps, and carbon aggregates. Furthermore, a proof-of-concept mechanical model is developed to understand how the micro-dome technique works and to predict its limits. Finally, a dual-axis force measuring device is developed and integrated with the micro-dome technique to measure the normal and lateral forces when shearing submillimeter mesas. These results provide a platform technique for future research on structural superlubricity on different scales and manipulation of structures of layered materials in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinglin Yang
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
- Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Cangyu Qu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Yujie Gongyang
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
- Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
| | - Quanshui Zheng
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
- Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China
- Institute of Superlubricity Technology, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518057, PR China
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31
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Yang X, Li R, Wang Y, Zhang J. Tunable, Wide-Temperature, and Macroscale Superlubricity Enabled by Nanoscale Van Der Waals Heterojunction-to-Homojunction Transformation. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2303580. [PMID: 37354130 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202303580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Achieving macroscale superlubricity of van der Waals (vdW) nanopowders is particularly challenging, due to the difficulty in forming ordered junctions before friction and the friction-induced complex contact restructuration among multiple nanometer-sized junctions. Here, a facile way is reported to achieve vdW nanopowder-to-heterojunction conversion by graphene edge-oxygen (GEO) incorporation. The GEO effectively weakens the out-of-plane edge-edge and in-plane plane-edge states of the vdW nanopowder, leading to a coexistent structure of nanoscale homojunctions and heterojunctions on the grinding balls. When sliding on diamond-like carbon surfaces, the ball-supported structure governs macroscale superlubricity by heterojunction-to-homojunction transformation among the countless nanoscale junctions. Furthermore, the transformation guides the tunable design of superlubricity, achieving superlubricity (µ ≈ 0.005) at wide ranges of load, velocity, and temperature (-200 to 300 °C). Atomistic simulations reveal the GEO-enhanced conversion of vdW nanopowder to heterojunctions and demonstrate the heterojunction-to-homojunction transformation superlubricity mechanism. The findings are of significance for the macroscopic scale-up and engineering application of structural superlubricity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou, 730 000, China
| | - Ruiyun Li
- Institute of Superlubricity Technology, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Yongfu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou, 730 000, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Junyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou, 730 000, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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32
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Ramezani M, Ripin ZM, Jiang CP, Pasang T. Superlubricity of Materials: Progress, Potential, and Challenges. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:5145. [PMID: 37512418 PMCID: PMC10386490 DOI: 10.3390/ma16145145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
This review paper provides a comprehensive overview of the phenomenon of superlubricity, its associated material characteristics, and its potential applications. Superlubricity, the state of near-zero friction between two surfaces, presents significant potential for enhancing the efficiency of mechanical systems, thus attracting significant attention in both academic and industrial realms. We explore the atomic/molecular structures that enable this characteristic and discuss notable superlubric materials, including graphite, diamond-like carbon, and advanced engineering composites. The review further elaborates on the methods of achieving superlubricity at both nanoscale and macroscale levels, highlighting the influence of environmental conditions. We also discuss superlubricity's applications, ranging from mechanical systems to energy conservation and biomedical applications. Despite the promising potential, the realization of superlubricity is laden with challenges. We address these technical difficulties, specifically those related to achieving and maintaining superlubricity, and the issues encountered in scaling up for industrial applications. The paper also underscores the sustainability concerns associated with superlubricity and proposes potential solutions. We conclude with a discussion of the possible future research directions and the impact of technological innovations in this field. This review thus provides a valuable resource for researchers and industry professionals engaged in the development and application of superlubric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maziar Ramezani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Zaidi Mohd Ripin
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Nibong Tebal 14300, Malaysia
| | - Cho-Pei Jiang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan
| | - Tim Pasang
- Department of Manufacturing and Mechanical Engineering Technology, Oregon Institute of Technology, Klamath Falls, OR 97601, USA
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Dong R, Lunghi A, Sanvito S. Stiffness and Atomic-Scale Friction in Superlubricant MoS 2 Bilayers. J Phys Chem Lett 2023:6086-6091. [PMID: 37358918 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c01066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Molecular dynamics simulations, performed with chemically accurate ab initio machine-learning force fields, are used to demonstrate that layer stiffness has profound effects on the superlubricant state of two-dimensional van der Waals heterostructures. We engineer bilayers of different rigidity but identical interlayer sliding energy surface and show that a 2-fold increase in the intralayer stiffness reduces the friction by a factor of ∼6. Two sliding regimes as a function of the sliding velocity are found. At a low velocity, the heat generated by the motion is efficiently exchanged between the layers and the friction is independent of the layer order. In contrast, at a high velocity, the friction heat flux cannot be exchanged fast enough and a buildup of significant temperature gradients between the layers is observed. In this situation, the temperature profile depends on whether the slider is softer than the substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Dong
- School of Physics, AMBER and CRANN Institute, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Alessandro Lunghi
- School of Physics, AMBER and CRANN Institute, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Stefano Sanvito
- School of Physics, AMBER and CRANN Institute, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
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34
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Liu Z, Vilhena JG, Hinaut A, Scherb S, Luo F, Zhang J, Glatzel T, Gnecco E, Meyer E. Moiré-Tile Manipulation-Induced Friction Switch of Graphene on a Platinum Surface. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:4693-4697. [PMID: 36917620 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c03818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Friction control and technological advancement are intimately intertwined. Concomitantly, two-dimensional materials occupy a unique position for realizing quasi-frictionless contacts. However, the question arises of how to tune superlubric sliding. Drawing inspiration from twistronics, we propose to control superlubricity via moiré patterning. Friction force microscopy and molecular dynamics simulations unequivocally demonstrate a transition from a superlubric to dissipative sliding regime for different twist angles of graphene moirés on a Pt(111) surface triggered by the normal force. This follows from a novel mechanism at superlattice level where, beyond a critical load, moiré tiles are manipulated in a highly dissipative shear process connected to the twist angle. Importantly, the atomic detail of the dissipation associated with the moiré tile manipulation─i.e., enduring forced registry beyond a critical normal load─allows the bridging of disparate sliding regimes in a reversible manner, thus paving the road for a subtly intrinsic control of superlubricity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Liu
- Tianjin Key Lab for Rare Earth Materials and Applications, Center for Rare Earth and Inorganic Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 300350 Tianjin, China
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - J G Vilhena
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antoine Hinaut
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Scherb
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Feng Luo
- Tianjin Key Lab for Rare Earth Materials and Applications, Center for Rare Earth and Inorganic Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, 300350 Tianjin, China
| | - Junyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 730000 Lanzhou, China
| | - Thilo Glatzel
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Enrico Gnecco
- M. Smoluchowksi Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Ernst Meyer
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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35
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Huang X, Li T, Wang J, Xia K, Tan Z, Peng D, Xiang X, Liu B, Ma M, Zheng Q. Robust microscale structural superlubricity between graphite and nanostructured surface. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2931. [PMID: 37217500 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38680-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Structural superlubricity is a state of nearly zero friction and no wear between two contacted solid surfaces. However, such state has a certain probability of failure due to the edge defects of graphite flake. Here, we achieve robust structural superlubricity state between microscale graphite flakes and nanostructured silicon surfaces under ambient condition. We find that the friction is always less than 1 μN, the differential friction coefficient is on the order of 10-4, without observable wear. This is attributed to the edge warping of graphite flake on the nanostructured surface under concentrated force, which eliminate the edge interaction between the graphite flake and the substrate. This study not only challenges the traditional understanding in tribology and structural superlubricity that rougher surfaces lead to higher friction and lead to wear, thereby reducing roughness requirements, but also demonstrates that a graphite flake with a single crystal surface that does not come into edge contact with the substrate can consistently achieve robust structural superlubricity state with any non-van der Waals material in atmospheric conditions. Additionally, the study provides a general surface modification method that enables the widespread application of structural superlubricity technology in atmospheric environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanyu Huang
- Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment (SKLT), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 10084, China
| | - Tengfei Li
- Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jin Wang
- International School for Advanced Studies, Trieste, 34136, Italy
| | - Kai Xia
- Institute of Superlubricity Technology, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Zipei Tan
- Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Deli Peng
- Institute of Superlubricity Technology, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Xiaojian Xiang
- Institute of Superlubricity Technology, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Ming Ma
- Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment (SKLT), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 10084, China.
- Institute of Superlubricity Technology, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518057, China.
| | - Quanshui Zheng
- Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment (SKLT), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 10084, China.
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
- Institute of Superlubricity Technology, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518057, China.
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36
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Liao M, Silva A, Du L, Nicolini P, Claerbout VEP, Kramer D, Yang R, Shi D, Polcar T, Zhang G. Twisting Dynamics of Large Lattice-Mismatch van der Waals Heterostructures. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:19616-19623. [PMID: 37023057 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c00558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
van der Waals (vdW) homo/heterostructures are ideal systems for studying interfacial tribological properties such as structural superlubricity. Previous studies concentrated on the mechanism of translational motion in vdW interfaces. However, detailed mechanisms and general properties of the rotational motion are barely explored. Here, we combine experiments and simulations to reveal the twisting dynamics of the MoS2/graphite heterostructure. Unlike the translational friction falling into the superlubricity regime with no twist angle dependence, the dynamic rotational resistances highly depend on twist angles. Our results show that the periodic rotational resistance force originates from structural potential energy changes during the twisting. The structural potential energy of MoS2/graphite heterostructure increases monotonically from 0° to 30° twist angles, and the estimated relative energy barrier is (1.43 ± 0.36) × 10-3 J/m2. The formation of Moiré superstructures in the graphene layer is the key to controlling the structural potential energy of the MoS2/graphene heterostructure. Our results suggest that in twisting 2D heterostructures, even if the interface sliding friction is negligible, the evolving potential energy change results in a nonvanishing rotational resistance force. The structural change of the heterostructure can be an additional pathway for energy dissipation in the rotational motion, further enhancing the rotational friction force.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengzhou Liao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Department of Control Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Technicka 2, 16627 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Andrea Silva
- National Centre for Advanced Tribology (nCATS), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Southampton, Highfield, SO17 1BJ Southampton, United Kingdom
- CNR-IOM, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto Officina dei Materiali, c/o SISSA, 34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - Luojun Du
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Tietotie 3, FI-02150 Aalto, Finland
| | - Paolo Nicolini
- Department of Control Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Technicka 2, 16627 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Na Slovance 2, 18221 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Victor E P Claerbout
- Department of Control Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Technicka 2, 16627 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Denis Kramer
- Mechanical Engineering, Helmut Schmidt University, Hamburg,22043, Germany
| | - Rong Yang
- College of Semiconductors (College of Integrated Circuits), Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Dongxia Shi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Tomas Polcar
- Department of Control Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Technicka 2, 16627 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- National Centre for Advanced Tribology (nCATS), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Southampton, Highfield, SO17 1BJ Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Guangyu Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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37
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Barabas AZ, Sequeira I, Yang Y, Barajas-Aguilar AH, Taniguchi T, Watanabe K, Sanchez-Yamagishi JD. Mechanically reconfigurable van der Waals devices via low-friction gold sliding. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf9558. [PMID: 37027469 PMCID: PMC10081839 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf9558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Interfaces of van der Waals (vdW) materials, such as graphite and hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), exhibit low-friction sliding due to their atomically flat surfaces and weak vdW bonding. We demonstrate that microfabricated gold also slides with low friction on hBN. This enables the arbitrary post-fabrication repositioning of device features both at ambient conditions and in situ to a measurement cryostat. We demonstrate mechanically reconfigurable vdW devices where device geometry and position are continuously tunable parameters. By fabricating slidable top gates on a graphene-hBN device, we produce a mechanically tunable quantum point contact where electron confinement and edge-state coupling can be continuously modified. Moreover, we combine in situ sliding with simultaneous electronic measurements to create new types of scanning probe experiments, where gate electrodes and even entire vdW heterostructure devices can be spatially scanned by sliding across a target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Z. Barabas
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Ian Sequeira
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Yuhui Yang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Takashi Taniguchi
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Japan
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38
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Liu Z, Szczefanowicz B, Lopes JMJ, Gan Z, George A, Turchanin A, Bennewitz R. Nanoscale friction on MoS 2/graphene heterostructures. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:5809-5815. [PMID: 36857670 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr00138e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Stacked hetero-structures of two-dimensional materials allow for a design of interactions with corresponding electronic and mechanical properties. We report structure, work function, and frictional properties of 1 to 4 layers of MoS2 grown by chemical vapor deposition on epitaxial graphene on SiC(0001). Experiments were performed by atomic force microscopy in ultra-high vacuum. Friction is dominated by adhesion which is mediated by a deformation of the layers to adapt the shape of the tip apex. Friction decreases with increasing number of MoS2 layers as the bending rigidity leads to less deformation. The dependence of friction on applied load and bias voltage can be attributed to variations in the atomic potential corrugation of the interface, which is enhanced by both load and applied bias. Minimal friction is obtained when work function differences are compensated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Liu
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D22, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
| | | | - J Marcelo J Lopes
- Paul-Drude-Institute für Festkörperelektronik, Leibniz-Institut im Forschungsverbund Berlin e.V., Hausvogteiplaz 5-7, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ziyang Gan
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Lessingstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Antony George
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Lessingstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Andrey Turchanin
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Lessingstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Roland Bennewitz
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D22, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
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39
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Heterostrain and temperature-tuned twist between graphene/h-BN bilayers. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4364. [PMID: 36928342 PMCID: PMC10020467 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31233-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional materials stacked atomically at small twist angles enable the modification of electronic states, motivating twistronics. Here, we demonstrate that heterostrain can rotate the graphene flake on monolayer h-BN within a few degrees (- 4° to 4°), and the twist angle stabilizes at specific values with applied constant strains, while the temperature effect is negligible in 100-900 K. The band gaps of bilayers can be modulated from ~ 0 to 37 meV at proper heterostrain and twist angles. Further analysis shows that the heterostrain modulates the interlayer energy landscape by regulating Moiré pattern evolution. The energy variation is correlated with the dynamic instability of different stacking modes of bilayers, and arises from the fluctuation of interlayer repulsive interaction associated with p-orbit electrons. Our results provide a mechanical strategy to manipulate twist angles of graphene/h-BN bilayers, and may facilitate the design of rotatable electronic nanodevices.
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40
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Song J, Cao Y, Dong J, Sun M. Superior Thermoelectric Properties of Twist-Angle Superlattice Borophene Induced by Interlayer Electrons Transport. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023:e2301348. [PMID: 36919623 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202301348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the energy bands, interlayer interactions and thermoelectric effects of twisted bilayer borophene (TBB) synthesized on Ag (111) are studied theoretically. The results manifest the advantages of twistronics, where the high electrical conductivity and the large Seebeck coefficient are regulated to the same range, which lead to the significantly increase of figure of merit ZT than that of bilayer borophene (BB) without twist, where the BB without twist is successfully synthesized on Ag (111) film is recently experimental report [Nat. Mater. 2022, 21, 35]. For the TBB synthesized of on Ag (111) film, theoretical analysis demonstrates that TBB and Ag are relatively strongly coupled, and TBB becomes a metallic 2D material, where the top and bottom borophene layers are semiconducting and metallic, respectively. TBB exhibits excellent thermoelectric efficiency due to the charge transfer bonding between the layers, less electron localization, and the regulation of Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, and ZT at the same region of chemical potential and the same temperature by twistronics. The structure-property relationship offers the possibility of applying TBB in thermoelectric devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jizhe Song
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Yi Cao
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Jun Dong
- School of Electronic Engineering, Xi'an University of Posts and Telecommunications, Xi'an, 710121, P. R. China
| | - Mengtao Sun
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
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41
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Xing F, Ji G, Li Z, Zhong W, Wang F, Liu Z, Xin W, Tian J. Preparation, properties and applications of two-dimensional superlattices. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:722-744. [PMID: 36562255 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh01206e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
As a combination concept of a 2D material and a superlattice, two-dimensional superlattices (2DSs) have attracted increasing attention recently. The natural advantages of 2D materials in their properties, dimension, diversity and compatibility, and their gradually improved technologies for preparation and device fabrication serve as solid foundations for the development of 2DSs. Compared with the existing 2D materials and even their heterostructures, 2DSs relate to more materials and elaborate architectures, leading to novel systems with more degrees of freedom to modulate material properties at the nanoscale. Here, three typical types of 2DSs, including the component, strain-induced and moiré superlattices, are reviewed. The preparation methods, properties and state-of-the-art applications of each type are summarized. An outlook of the challenges and future developments is also presented. We hope that this work can provide a reference for the development of 2DS-related research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xing
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255049, China
| | - Guangmin Ji
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255049, China
| | - Zongwen Li
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255049, China
| | - Weiheng Zhong
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China.
| | - Feiyue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Zhibo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, Teda Applied Physics Institute and School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
| | - Wei Xin
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China.
| | - Jianguo Tian
- Key Laboratory of Weak Light Nonlinear Photonics, Ministry of Education, Teda Applied Physics Institute and School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China.
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42
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Lu Y, Watanabe S, Sasaki S, Glavatskih S. Lubricity of chelated orthoborate–phosphonium ionic liquids on tetrahedral amorphous carbon and steel surfaces. J Mol Liq 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
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43
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Li R, Yang X, Ma M, Zhang J. Hydrogen-Enhanced Catalytic Conversion of Amorphous Carbon to Graphene for Achieving Superlubricity. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206580. [PMID: 36642795 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The solid-state conversion of amorphous carbon into graphene is extremely difficult, but it can be achieved in the friction experiments that induce macroscale superlubricity. However, the underlying conversion mechanisms remain elusive. Here, the friction experiments with Cu nanoparticles and (non-hydrogen (H) or H) a-C in vacuum, show the H-induced conversion of mechanical to chemical wear, resulting in the a-C's tribosoftening and nanofragmentating that produce hydrocarbon nanoclusters or molecules. It is such exactly hydrocarbon species that yield graphene at hydrogen-rich a-C friction interface, through reaction of them with Cu nanoparticles. In comparison, graphene isn't formed at Cu/non-H a-C friction interface. Atomistic simulations reveal the hydrogen-enhanced tribochemical decomposition of a-C and demonstrate the energetically favorable graphitization transformation of hydrocarbons on Cu substrates. The findings are of importance to achieve solid-state transformation between different carbon allotropes and provide a good strategy to synthesize other graphitic encapsulated catalysts with doped elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Institute of Superlubricity Technology, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Xing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou, 730 000, China
| | - Ming Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Nano and Micro Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- Institute of Superlubricity Technology, Research Institute of Tsinghua University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Junyan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Science, Lanzhou, 730 000, China
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44
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Du C, Yu T, Zhang L, Deng H, Shen R, Li X, Feng Y, Wang D. Macroscale Superlubricity with Ultralow Wear and Ultrashort Running-In Period (∼1 s) through Phytic Acid-Based Complex Green Liquid Lubricants. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:10302-10314. [PMID: 36755437 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c22402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Liquid superlubricity has attracted much attention, due to its ability to significantly reduce friction on the macroscale. However, the severe wear caused by the long running-in period is still one of the bottlenecks restricting the practical application of liquid superlubricating materials. In this work, the obtained polyethylene glycol-phytic acid (PEG-PA) composite liquid lubricants showed outstanding superlubricating properties (μ ≈ 0.006) for Si3N4/glass friction pairs with an ultrashort running-in period (∼1 s) under high Hertzian contact pressure of ∼758 MPa. More importantly, even after up to 12 h (∼700 m of travel), only about 100 nm deep wear scars were found on the surface of the glass sheet (wear rate = 2.51× 10-9 mm3 N-1 m-1). From the molecular point of view, the water molecules anchored between the two friction pairs have extremely low shear force during the friction process, and the strong hydrogen bond interaction between PEG and PA greatly improves the bearing capacity of the lubricant. This work addresses the challenge of liquid superlubricant simultaneously exhibiting low shear force and high load-carrying capacity and makes it possible to obtain liquid superlubrication performance with an extremely short running-in time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhe Du
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tongtong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Qingdao Center of Resource Chemistry and New Materials, Qingdao 266104, China
| | - Liqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Qingdao Center of Resource Chemistry and New Materials, Qingdao 266104, China
| | - Haoyu Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ruilin Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yange Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Qingdao Center of Resource Chemistry and New Materials, Qingdao 266104, China
| | - Daoai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Qingdao Center of Resource Chemistry and New Materials, Qingdao 266104, China
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45
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Panizon E, Silva A, Cao X, Wang J, Bechinger C, Vanossi A, Tosatti E, Manini N. Frictionless nanohighways on crystalline surfaces. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:1299-1316. [PMID: 36545940 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr04532j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The understanding of friction at nano-scales, ruled by the regular arrangement of atoms, is surprisingly incomplete. Here we provide a unified understanding by studying the interlocking potential energy of two infinite contacting surfaces with arbitrary lattice symmetries, and extending it to finite contacts. We categorize, based purely on geometrical features, all possible contacts into three different types: a structurally lubric contact where the monolayer can move isotropically without friction, a corrugated and strongly interlocked contact, and a newly discovered directionally structurally lubric contact where the layer can move frictionlessly along one specific direction and retains finite friction along all other directions. This novel category is energetically stable against rotational perturbations and provides extreme friction anisotropy. The finite-size analysis shows that our categorization applies to a wide range of technologically relevant materials in contact, from adsorbates on crystal surfaces to layered two-dimensional materials and colloidal monolayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Panizon
- Fachbereich Physik, University Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
- International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), Strada Costiera 11, 34151 Trieste, Italy
| | - Andrea Silva
- CNR-IOM, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto Officina dei Materiali, c/o SISSA, 34136 Trieste, Italy
- International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - Xin Cao
- Fachbereich Physik, University Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Jin Wang
- International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Vanossi
- CNR-IOM, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto Officina dei Materiali, c/o SISSA, 34136 Trieste, Italy
- International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - Erio Tosatti
- CNR-IOM, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto Officina dei Materiali, c/o SISSA, 34136 Trieste, Italy
- International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy
- International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP), Strada Costiera 11, 34151 Trieste, Italy
| | - Nicola Manini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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46
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Gao X, Urbakh M, Hod O. Stick-Slip Dynamics of Moiré Superstructures in Polycrystalline 2D Material Interfaces. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:276101. [PMID: 36638291 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.276101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A new frictional mechanism, based on collective stick-slip motion of moiré superstructures across polycrystalline two-dimensional material interfaces, is predicted. The dissipative stick-slip behavior originates from an energetic bistability between low- and high-commensurability configurations of large-scale moiré superstructures. When the grain boundary separates between grains of small and large interfacial twist angle, the corresponding moiré periods are significantly different, resulting in forbidden grain boundary crossing of the moiré superstructures during shear induced motion. For small twist angle grains, where the moiré periods are much larger than the lattice constant, this results in multiple reflections of collective surface waves between the surrounding grain boundaries. In combination with the individual grain boundary dislocation snap-through buckling mechanism dominating at the low normal load regime, the friction exhibits nonmonotonic behavior with the normal load. While the discovered phenomenon is demonstrated for h-BN/graphene polycrystalline junctions, it is expected to be of general nature and occur in many other large-scale layered material interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Gao
- Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences and The Sackler Center for Computational Molecular and Materials Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Michael Urbakh
- Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences and The Sackler Center for Computational Molecular and Materials Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Oded Hod
- Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences and The Sackler Center for Computational Molecular and Materials Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
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47
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Song Y, Gao X, Hinaut A, Scherb S, Huang S, Glatzel T, Hod O, Urbakh M, Meyer E. Velocity Dependence of Moiré Friction. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:9529-9536. [PMID: 36449068 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c03667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Friction force microscopy experiments on moiré superstructures of graphene-coated platinum surfaces demonstrate that in addition to atomic stick-slip dynamics, a new dominant energy dissipation route emerges. The underlying mechanism, revealed by atomistic molecular dynamics simulations, is related to moiré ridge elastic deformations and subsequent relaxation due to the action of the pushing tip. The measured frictional velocity dependence displays two distinct regimes: (i) at low velocities, the friction force is small and nearly constant; and (ii) above some threshold, friction increases logarithmically with velocity. The threshold velocity, separating the two frictional regimes, decreases with increasing normal load and moiré superstructure period. Based on the measurements and simulation results, a phenomenological model is derived, allowing us to calculate friction under a wide range of room temperature experimental conditions (sliding velocities of 1-104 nm/s and a broad range of normal loads) and providing excellent agreement with experimental observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Song
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences and The Sackler Center for Computational Molecular and Materials Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Antoine Hinaut
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Scherb
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Shuyu Huang
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Basel 4056, Switzerland
- Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, School of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Thilo Glatzel
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Basel 4056, Switzerland
| | - Oded Hod
- Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences and The Sackler Center for Computational Molecular and Materials Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Michael Urbakh
- Department of Physical Chemistry, School of Chemistry, The Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences and The Sackler Center for Computational Molecular and Materials Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Ernst Meyer
- Department of Physics, University of Basel, Basel 4056, Switzerland
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48
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Silva A, Cao J, Polcar T, Kramer D. Design Guidelines for Two-Dimensional Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Alloys. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2022; 34:10279-10290. [PMID: 36530938 PMCID: PMC9753562 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.2c01390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD) in particular are at the forefront of nanotechnology. To tailor their properties for engineering applications, alloying strategies-used successfully for bulk metals in the last century-need to be extended to this novel class of materials. Here we present a systematic analysis of the phase behavior of substitutional 2D alloys in the TMD family on both the metal and the chalcogenide site. The phase behavior is quantified in terms of a metastability metric and benchmarked against systematic computational screening of configurational energy landscapes from First-Principles. The resulting Pettifor maps can be used to identify broad trends across chemical spaces and as starting point for setting up rational search strategies in phase space, thus allowing for targeted computational analysis of properties on likely thermodynamically stable compounds. The results presented here also constitute a useful guideline for synthesis of binary metal 2D TMDs alloys via a range of synthesis techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Silva
- Faculty
of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University
of Southampton, University Road, SO17 1BJ Southampton, United Kingdom
- National
Centre for Advanced Tribology Study, University Road, SO17 1BJ Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Jiangming Cao
- Faculty
of Mechanical and Civil Engineering, Helmut-Schmidt-Univeristy, Holstenhofweg 85, 22043 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tomas Polcar
- Faculty
of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University
of Southampton, University Road, SO17 1BJ Southampton, United Kingdom
- Advanced
Materials Group, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague (CTU), Karlovo Náměstí
13, 12135 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Denis Kramer
- Faculty
of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University
of Southampton, University Road, SO17 1BJ Southampton, United Kingdom
- Faculty
of Mechanical and Civil Engineering, Helmut-Schmidt-Univeristy, Holstenhofweg 85, 22043 Hamburg, Germany
- Department
of Heterogeneous Catalysis, Helmholtz-Zentrum
Hereon, Max-Planck-Strasse
1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
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49
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Dimitropoulos M, Trakakis G, Androulidakis C, Kotsidi M, Galiotis C. Wrinkle-mediated CVD synthesis of wafer scale Graphene/h-BN heterostructures. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 34:025601. [PMID: 36215949 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac98d0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The combination of two-dimensional materials (2D) into heterostructures enables their integration in tunable ultrathin devices. For applications in electronics and optoelectronics, direct growth of wafer-scale and vertically stacked graphene/hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) heterostructures is vital. The fundamental problem, however, is the catalytically inert nature of h-BN substrates, which typically provide a low rate of carbon precursor breakdown and consequently a poor rate of graphene synthesis. Furthermore, out-of-plane deformations such as wrinkles are commonly seen in 2D materials grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Herein, a wrinkle-facilitated route is developed for the fast growth of graphene/h-BN vertical heterostructures on Cu foils. The key advantage of this synthetic pathway is the exploitation of the increased reactivity from inevitable line defects arising from the CVD process, which can act as active sites for graphene nucleation. The resulted heterostructures are found to exhibit superlubric properties with increased bending stiffness, as well as directional electronic properties, as revealed from atomic force microscopy measurements. This work offers a brand-new route for the fast growth of Gr/h-BN heterostructures with practical scalability, thus propelling applications in electronics and nanomechanical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marinos Dimitropoulos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, GR-26500 Patras, Greece
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Foundation of Research and Technology Hellas, PO Box 1414, GR-26504 Patras, Greece
| | - George Trakakis
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Foundation of Research and Technology Hellas, PO Box 1414, GR-26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Charalampos Androulidakis
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Foundation of Research and Technology Hellas, PO Box 1414, GR-26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Maria Kotsidi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, GR-26500 Patras, Greece
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Foundation of Research and Technology Hellas, PO Box 1414, GR-26504 Patras, Greece
| | - Costas Galiotis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Patras, GR-26500 Patras, Greece
- Institute of Chemical Engineering Sciences (ICE-HT), Foundation of Research and Technology Hellas, PO Box 1414, GR-26504 Patras, Greece
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50
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Buzio R, Gerbi A, Bernini C, Repetto L, Vanossi A. Sliding Friction and Superlubricity of Colloidal AFM Probes Coated by Tribo-Induced Graphitic Transfer Layers. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:12570-12580. [PMID: 36190908 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal probe atomic force microscopy (AFM) allows us to explore sliding friction phenomena in graphite contacts of nominal lateral size up to hundreds of nanometers. It is known that contact formation involves tribo-induced material transfer of graphite flakes from the graphitic substrate to the colloidal probe. In this context, sliding states with nearly vanishing friction, i.e., superlubricity, may set in. A comprehensive investigation of the transfer layer properties is mandatory to ascertain the origin of superlubricity. Here we explore the friction response of micrometric beads, of different size and pristine surface roughness, sliding on graphite under ambient conditions. We show that such tribosystems undergo a robust transition toward a low-adhesion, low-friction state dominated by mechanical interactions at one dominant tribo-induced nanocontact. Friction force spectroscopy reveals that the nanocontact can be superlubric or dissipative, in fact undergoing a load-driven transition from dissipative stick-slip to continuous superlubric sliding. This behavior is excellently described by the thermally activated, single-asperity Prandtl-Tomlinson model. Our results indicate that upon formation of the transfer layer, friction depends on the energy landscape experienced by the topographically highest tribo-induced nanoasperity. We consistently find larger dissipation when the tribo-induced nanoasperity is slid against surfaces with higher atomic corrugation than graphite, like MoS2 and WS2, in prototypical van der Waals layered heterojunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Buzio
- CNR-SPIN, C.so F.M. Perrone 24, Genova16152, Italy
| | - Andrea Gerbi
- CNR-SPIN, C.so F.M. Perrone 24, Genova16152, Italy
| | | | - Luca Repetto
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Genova, Via Dodecaneso 33, Genova16146, Italy
| | - Andrea Vanossi
- CNR-IOM Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto Officina dei Materiali, c/o SISSA, Via Bonomea 265, Trieste34136, Italy
- International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Via Bonomea 265, Trieste34136, Italy
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