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Li Q, Chen X, Zhu Y, Shi X. Developmental pathways from insomnia to suicidality: A resilience perspective. J Affect Disord 2024; 362:45-53. [PMID: 38942204 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.06.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insomnia has been identified as a potential risk factor for suicidality. However, to date, few studies using the longitudinal-design have examined the underlying mechanism of this relationship. Based on a resilience perspective, this study aimed to investigate the dynamic longitudinal relationships between insomnia, resilience, and suicidality. METHODS A total of 5785 freshmen were sampled from a large-scale health-related cohort among Chinese college students. This study spanned six waves, covering the period from 2020 to 2022. Data from T1 to T4 were used because resilience was not measured at baseline (T0) and T5. The cross-lagged panel models and the latent growth curve mediation model were used to examine the longitudinal dynamic relationships between insomnia, resilience, and suicidality. RESULTS The results showed that insomnia symptoms and suicidality mutually predicted each other, and resilience played a longitudinal mediating role in linking insomnia symptoms and suicidality. CONCLUSIONS Given that resilience served as a mediator in the relation between insomnia symptoms and suicidality, some resilience-oriented prevention and intervention programs will be helpful in reducing the risk of suicide among university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- College of Education, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Ya Zhu
- Center for Mental Health Education and Counseling, Guangdong University of Science and Technology, Dongguan, China
| | - Xuliang Shi
- College of Education, Hebei University, Baoding, China.
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2
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Juan YC, Wang SH, Huang WL, Liao SC, Chien YL, Gau SSF, Hsu CC, Wu CS. Population-attributable fraction of psychiatric and physical disorders for suicide among older adults in Taiwan. J Affect Disord 2024; 360:88-96. [PMID: 38821366 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.05.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to estimate the population-attributable fraction (PAF) of psychiatric and physical disorders for suicide among older adults, focusing on sex- and age-specific factors. METHODS Data from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Data and National Death Registry included 9136 cases of suicide in individuals aged 65+, with 89,439 matched controls. Physical and psychiatric disorders were identified through diagnostic records. Conditional logistic regression assessed risk factors, and PAF was calculated using disorder prevalence and adjusted odds ratios. RESULTS Major suicide risk factors among older adults were depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, and sleep disorders. Physical disorders like hypertension, peptic ulcers, and cancer also showed significant PAF values. The combined PAF of physical disorders equaled that of psychiatric disorders. Psychiatric disorders had a greater impact on women and the youngest-old adults, while physical disorders had a higher contribution among men, middle-old adults, and oldest-old adults. LIMITATIONS Relying solely on claim data to identify psychiatric and physical disorders may underestimate their prevalence and associations with suicide due to unrecorded cases of individuals not seeking help and the absence of key risk factors like social isolation and family support. CONCLUSIONS This study identifies preventable or treatable risk factors for older adult suicide, emphasizing the need to target specific psychiatric and physical disorders in suicide prevention efforts while taking into account sex- and age-specific considerations. It also underscores the importance of establishing social welfare support systems to address the unique challenges older adults face.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Chen Juan
- National Taiwan University Hospital-integrative Medical Database, Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Heng Wang
- National Center for Geriatrics and Welfare Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lieh Huang
- Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yunlin Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Cheng Liao
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin-Chu Hospital, Hsin-Chu City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Chien
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Susan Shur-Fen Gau
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Cheng Hsu
- National Center for Geriatrics and Welfare Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan; Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Shin Wu
- National Center for Geriatrics and Welfare Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yunlin Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan.
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Zimmermann C, Strohmaier S, Herkner H, Niederkrotenthaler T, Schernhammer E. Suicide rates among physicians compared with the general population in studies from 20 countries: gender stratified systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2024; 386:e078964. [PMID: 39168499 DOI: 10.1136/bmj-2023-078964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To estimate age standardised suicide rate ratios in male and female physicians compared with the general population, and to examine heterogeneity across study results. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES Studies published between 1960 and 31 March 2024 were retrieved from Embase, Medline, and PsycINFO. There were no language restrictions. Forward and backwards reference screening was performed for selected studies using Google Scholar. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES Observational studies with directly or indirectly age standardised mortality ratios for physician deaths by suicide, or suicide rates per 100 000 person years of physicians and a reference group similar to the general population, or extractable data on physician deaths by suicide suitable for the calculation of ratios. Two independent reviewers extracted data and assessed the risk of bias using an adapted version of the Joanna Briggs Institute checklist for prevalence studies. Mean effect estimates for male and female physicians were calculated based on random effects models, with subgroup analyses for geographical region and a secondary analysis of deaths by suicide in physicians compared with other professions. RESULTS Among 39 included studies, 38 studies for male physicians and 26 for female physicians were eligible for analyses, with a total of 3303 suicides in male physicians and 587 in female physicians (observation periods 1935-2020 and 1960-2020, respectively). Across all studies, the suicide rate ratio for male physicians was 1.05 (95% confidence interval 0.90 to 1.22). For female physicians, the rate ratio was significantly higher at 1.76 (1.40 to 2.21). Heterogeneity was high for both analyses. Meta-regression revealed a significant effect of the midpoint of study observation period, indicating decreasing effect sizes over time. The suicide rate ratio for male physicians compared with other professions was 1.81 (1.55 to 2.12). CONCLUSION Standardised suicide rate ratios for male and female physicians decreased over time. However, the rates remained increased for female physicians. The findings of this meta-analysis are limited by a scarcity of studies from regions outside of Europe, the United States, and Australasia. These results call for continued efforts in research and prevention of physician deaths by suicide, particularly among female physicians and at risk subgroups. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42019118956.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Zimmermann
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanne Strohmaier
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald Herkner
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Niederkrotenthaler
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Schernhammer
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Berardelli I, Sarubbi S, Trocchia MA, Longhini L, Moschillo A, Rogante E, Cifrodelli M, Erbuto D, Innamorati M, Pompili M. The Mediating Role of Insomnia Severity in the Relationship Between Anxiety Symptoms and Suicidal Ideation: A Real-World Study in a Psychiatric Inpatient Setting. J Nerv Ment Dis 2024:00005053-990000000-00175. [PMID: 39120957 DOI: 10.1097/nmd.0000000000001793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2024]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Insomnia and anxiety symptoms are independent clinical variables involved in suicidal ideation in psychiatric inpatients. In this article, we investigated the relationship among insomnia severity, severity of anxiety symptoms, and suicidal ideation in a sample of psychiatric inpatients with severe mental disorders. We used a mediation model considering insomnia severity as the possible mediator of the relationship between anxiety severity and suicidal ideation. We administered the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale, the Insomnia Severity Index, and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale to 116 consecutive inpatients to the psychiatric unit of Sant'Andrea Hospital in Rome. The effect of anxiety symptoms was mediated by insomnia severity; patients who perceive higher anxiety symptoms were more likely to experience higher levels of insomnia and, thus, higher suicidal ideation intensity. Results showed the importance of assessing and treating both insomnia and anxiety in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Berardelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Suicide Prevention Center, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Sarubbi
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Anna Trocchia
- Psychiatry Residency Training Program, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Psychiatry Unit, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Ludovica Longhini
- Psychiatry Residency Training Program, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Psychiatry Unit, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Moschillo
- Psychiatry Residency Training Program, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Psychiatry Unit, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Rogante
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mariarosaria Cifrodelli
- Psychiatry Residency Training Program, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Psychiatry Unit, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Denise Erbuto
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Suicide Prevention Center, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Innamorati
- Department of Human Sciences, European University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Pompili
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health, and Sensory Organs, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Suicide Prevention Center, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Yu F, Liu Y, Li X, Zhang X, Tian Y, Zhang D, Su Y. Incidence rate and risk factors for suicide in patients with breast cancer in the USA: A surveillance, epidemiology, and end results analysis (SEER). Eur J Oncol Nurs 2024; 71:102642. [PMID: 38964267 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejon.2024.102642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate suicide mortality and the related factors among female breast cancer patients in the United States. METHODS The SEER database was used to identify 716,422 patients diagnosed with breast cancer between 2010 and 2018 to calculate a standardized mortality rate (SMR). An analysis of risk factors for suicide death was conducted using the univariate and multivariate Cox proportional risk model. An estimation of suicide probability was performed through a nomogram model. RESULTS Compared with the expected suicide cases (n = 155) in the general population of the United States at the corresponding period (a suicide death rate of 5.71 per 100,000 person-years), the suicide rate among 716,422 breast cancer patients was followed during 2010-2018 and showed a relatively higher rate of 9.02 per 100,000 person-years. The SMR was 1.58 (95%CI: 1.39-1.79). White and other races were nine and seven times more likely to complete suicide than Black race, respectively (aHR = 9.013, 95%CI: 3.335-24.36, P < 0.001; aHR = 7.129, 95%CI: 2.317-21.931, P = 0.001); unmarried or single patients were at higher risk than married patients (aHR = 1.693, 95%CI: 1.206-2.377, P = 0.002). Patients receiving radiotherapy (aHR = 0.731, 95%CI: 0.545-0.980, P = 0.036) were less likely to complete suicide than those who did not. CONCLUSION Female breast cancer patients in the United States have a higher suicide rate than the general public, and the risk factors consist of non-black ethnicity, being single or unmarried, and not being treated with radiotherapy. As a result of this study, clinicians may be able to identify female breast cancer patients who are at high risk of suicide, thus providing appropriate psychological support at the early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiping Yu
- School of Nursing & Rehabilitation, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yuqi Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University (Qingdao), Qingdao, 266071, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Li
- Tianjin Eye Hospital, Tianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Tianjin, 300020, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- School of Nursing & Rehabilitation, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yinong Tian
- School of Foreign Languages and Literature, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Medical Psychology and Ethics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
| | - Yonggang Su
- School of Nursing & Rehabilitation, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China; School of Foreign Languages and Literature, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China; Department of Medical Psychology and Ethics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
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6
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Levi-Belz Y, Blank C, Groweiss Y, Neria Y. The impact of PTSD symptoms on suicide ideation in time of terror and war: A nationwide prospective study on the moderating role of loneliness. Psychiatry Res 2024; 338:115996. [PMID: 38823164 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
The terrorist attack of October 7, 2023, and its accompanying war have increased the risk for posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and suicide ideation (SI). In this national prospective cohort study, we examined the extent to which a sense of loneliness moderates the association between PTSS and SI in the wake of the October 7th attack and the Israel-Hamas war. A representative sample of 710 Israeli adults (362 female, 51.1 %) aged 18-85 (M = 41.01, SD = 13.72) participated in a longitudinal study assessing depression, current SI, and loneliness at two time points: T1, one month before the attack (August 2023) and T2 (November 2023), one month after the attack. We found two significant interactions in which a sense of loneliness at T2 moderated the link between both PTSS at T1 and T2 and current SI at T2. Specifically, the level of PTSS contributed to current SI at T2 more strongly among individuals reporting higher loneliness levels than those reporting low loneliness levels. Clinicians treating individuals coping with high PTSS levels should attend to their patients' sense of loneliness, as it comprises a significant risk factor for current SI and may be considered an important target in treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yossi Levi-Belz
- The Lior Tsfaty Center for Suicide and Mental Pain Studies, Ruppin Academic Center, Emek Hefer, Israel; Department of Behavioral Sciences, Ruppin Academic Center, Emek Hefer, Israel.
| | - Carmel Blank
- The Lior Tsfaty Center for Suicide and Mental Pain Studies, Ruppin Academic Center, Emek Hefer, Israel; Department of Behavioral Sciences, Ruppin Academic Center, Emek Hefer, Israel
| | - Yoav Groweiss
- The Lior Tsfaty Center for Suicide and Mental Pain Studies, Ruppin Academic Center, Emek Hefer, Israel
| | - Yuval Neria
- Department of Psychiatry and New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, NY, USA
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Park S, Yim Y, Lee M, Lee H, Park J, Lee JH, Woo S, Kim T, Kang J, Smith L, López Sánchez GF, Dragioti E, Rahmati M, Fond G, Boyer L, Shin JI, Son Y, Yon DK, Cortese S. Longitudinal trends in depression, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts by family structure in South Korean adolescents, 2009-2022: A nationally representative serial study. Asian J Psychiatr 2024; 98:104122. [PMID: 38959550 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2024.104122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Seoyoung Park
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Precision Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yesol Yim
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Myeongcheol Lee
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hojae Lee
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Regulatory Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jaeyu Park
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Regulatory Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jun Hyuk Lee
- Health and Human Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Selin Woo
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tae Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jiseung Kang
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lee Smith
- Centre for Health, Performance and Wellbeing, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Guillermo F López Sánchez
- Division of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Elena Dragioti
- Pain and Rehabilitation Centre, and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Research Laboratory Psychology of Patients, Families & Health Professionals, Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Masoud Rahmati
- CEReSS-Health Service Research and Quality of Life Center, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France; Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Lorestan University, Khoramabad, Iran; Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Humanities, Vali-E-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Guillaume Fond
- CEReSS-Health Service Research and Quality of Life Center, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Boyer
- CEReSS-Health Service Research and Quality of Life Center, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Jae Il Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yejun Son
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Precision Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Dong Keon Yon
- Center for Digital Health, Medical Science Research Institute, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Precision Medicine, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Regulatory Science, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Kyung Hee University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Samuele Cortese
- Centre for Innovation in Mental Health, School of Psychology, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; Clinical and Experimental Sciences (CNS and Psychiatry), Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; Solent NHS Trust, Southampton, UK; Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU Langone, New York University Child Study Center, New York City, NY, USA; DiMePRe-J-Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine-Jonic Area, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
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8
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Schwinn T, Hirschmiller J, Brähler E, Merzenich H, Faber J, Wild PS, Beutel ME, Ernst M. A powerful safety net: Social support moderates the association of quality of life deficits with suicidal ideation in long-term childhood cancer survivors. J Psychosoc Oncol 2024:1-18. [PMID: 39083714 DOI: 10.1080/07347332.2024.2379827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cancer survivors are at risk for suicidality. We aimed to expand the knowledge about protective factors and their interplay with risk factors by testing social support as a modifier of the association of Quality of Life (QoL) deficits with suicidal ideation. RESEARCH APPROACH We surveyed N = 633 childhood cancer survivors (CCS) using validated questionnaires (EORTC Core Quality of Life questionnaire QLQ-C30, Patient Health Questionnaire PHQ-9). The interaction of QoL and social support was investigated using multiple linear regression analysis. FINDINGS CCS reporting suicide attempts and current suicidal ideation (SI) had lower QoL. CCS with SI reported less social support. QoL and social support were independently associated with SI and interacted: among CCS with less social support, low QoL was more strongly associated with SI. CONCLUSION The results highlight the need for interdisciplinary survivorship care, and to focus on risk and protective factors to strengthen suicide prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Schwinn
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Judith Hirschmiller
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Elmar Brähler
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hiltrud Merzenich
- Institute for Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jörg Faber
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/Hemostaseology, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Philipp S Wild
- Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine - Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Mainz, Germany
| | - Manfred E Beutel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Mareike Ernst
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Psychotherapy and Psychoanalysis, Institute of Psychology, University of Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt am Wörthersee, Austria
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9
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Gemke TJ, Zwerenz R, Beutel ME, Michal M, Wiltink J, Ernst M. Inpatients with a history of suicide attempts in routine clinical care exhibit specific characteristics regarding sociodemographics, life events, personality, and symptom burden. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17712. [PMID: 39085261 PMCID: PMC11291978 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66987-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Research indicates that patients with a lifetime history of suicide attempts are particularly burdened. However, investigations of their characteristics and comparisons with other patients are scarce. This study aimed to fill this research gap, using routine clinical data and guided by theoretical models. Data of N = 706 patients (54.4% women) was collected at the psychosomatic inpatient/day-clinic unit of a German university clinic. It comprised sociodemographic data and information about previous experiences (e.g., childhood abuse and neglect), symptom measures (e.g., the PHQ-9) and individual differences (e.g., the level of personality functioning assessed with the OPD-SQS). Groups were compared using independent t-tests or χ2-tests. Of the total sample, 118 patients (16.7%) reported suicide attempts. Those with a history of suicide attempts were more likely to have a migration background and a lower level of education, smoke (heavily) and use illegal substances. They reported lower levels of personality functioning, more current symptoms and traumatic previous experiences of abuse and neglect. Screening for previous suicidal behavior as well as associated factors can yield valuable information for clinical practice. Many group differences map onto previously observed specific risk factors for suicidal behavior, supporting the conceptual models and underscoring their relevance among clinical populations as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa J Gemke
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Zwerenz
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Manfred E Beutel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Michal
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jörg Wiltink
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Mareike Ernst
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Psychoanalysis and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, University of Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt am Wörthersee, Austria.
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10
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Inostroza C, Bustos C, Bühring V, González L, Cova F. Stress, repetitive negative thinking, and mental health in Chilean university students: an ecological momentary assessment study. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1400013. [PMID: 39100565 PMCID: PMC11295934 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1400013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Mental disorders in university students are a growing attention problem in the international community due to their high prevalence and serious consequences. One possible reason is university students' difficulties in coping with stress. Repetitive negative thinking (RNT) is a transdiagnostic process that, when combined with stress, can lead to the development of various disorders. We aim to determine the effect of stress and RNT on predicting various mental health syndromes in university students across 7 days. Method Prospective observational study using Momentary Ecological Assessment (EMA) with the OURMIND Mobile App. On day one, 238 university students responded to the SCL-90R questionnaire for symptoms of depression, anxiety, hostility, obsession, psychoticism, paranoia, somatization, and interpersonal sensitivity; RNT styles questionnaires, RRS for rumination and negative reflection, PSWQ for worry; SISCO-II for term academic stress, and sociodemographic. EMA consisted of five assessments a day for 6 days; each time, the students answered items about academic and non-academic stress (EMA-stress), reactive RNT duration and intrusiveness (EMA-RNT process), and reactive RNT rumination, reflection, and worry (EMA-RNT content). On day eight, symptoms were re-assessed. Seven hierarchical stepwise linear regression models were used to test the predictive power of the study variables in the development of SCL-90R symptoms. Results When comparing models, adding baseline symptoms increased the models' predictive power in all symptom groups. In most cases, including EMA-stress generated greater predictive power, except for paranoia and interpersonal sensitivity. Adding the EMA-RNT process increased the prediction of paranoia and obsessive symptoms; for hostility symptoms, RNT styles increased predictive power. For the final regression models, considering the initial symptoms, the EMA-RNT process predicted the progression of symptoms in six out of eight groups, while EMA-non-academic stress predicted the remaining two. Additionally, living with other relatives or friends was a predictor of depressive symptoms. Discussion The stress of university life impacts the development of psychiatric symptoms in university students. These results provide evidence of RNT as a transdiagnostic process in several syndromic groups. Universal preventive programs should consider the impact of academic and non-academic stress on university students' mental health. Targeting RNT would also benefit selective preventive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Inostroza
- Departamento de Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Claudio Bustos
- Departamento de Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Vasily Bühring
- Departamento de Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Lorena González
- Programa de Magíster en Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Félix Cova
- Departamento de Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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11
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Visoki E, Moore TM, Zhang X, Tran KT, Ly C, Gataviņš MM, DiDomenico GE, Brogan L, Fein JA, Warrier V, Guloksuz S, Barzilay R. Classification of Suicide Attempt Risk Using Environmental and Lifestyle Factors in 3 Large Youth Cohorts. JAMA Psychiatry 2024:2821270. [PMID: 39018056 PMCID: PMC11255979 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.1887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Importance Suicide is the third-leading cause of death among US adolescents. Environmental and lifestyle factors influence suicidal behavior and can inform risk classification, yet quantifying and incorporating them in risk assessment presents a significant challenge for reproducibility and clinical translation. Objective To quantify the aggregate contribution of environmental and lifestyle factors to youth suicide attempt risk classification. Design, Setting, and Participants This was a cohort study in 3 youth samples: 2 national longitudinal cohorts from the US and the UK and 1 clinical cohort from a tertiary pediatric US hospital. An exposome-wide association study (ExWAS) approach was used to identify risk and protective factors and compute aggregate exposomic scores. Logistic regression models were applied to test associations and model fit of exposomic scores with suicide attempts in independent data. Youth from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study, the UK Millennium Cohort Study (MCS), and the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia emergency department (CHOP-ED) were included in the study. Exposures A single-weighted exposomic score that sums significant risk and protective environmental/lifestyle factors. Main Outcome and Measure Self-reported suicide attempt. Results A total of 40 364 youth were included in this analysis: 11 564 from the ABCD study (3 waves of assessment; mean [SD] age, 12.0 [0.7] years; 6034 male [52.2%]; 344 attempted suicide [3.0%]; 1154 environmental/lifestyle factors were included in the ABCD study), 9000 from the MCS cohort (mean [SD] age, 17.2 [0.3] years; 4593 female [51.0%]; 661 attempted suicide [7.3%]; 2864 environmental/lifestyle factors were included in the MCS cohort), and 19 800 from the CHOP-ED cohort (mean [SD] age, 15.3 [1.5] years; 12 937 female [65.3%]; 2051 attempted suicide [10.4%]; 36 environmental/lifestyle factors were included in the CHOP-ED cohort). In the ABCD discovery subsample, ExWAS identified 99 risk and protective exposures significantly associated with suicide attempt. A single weighted exposomic score that sums significant risk and protective exposures was associated with suicide attempt in an independent ABCD testing subsample (odds ratio [OR], 2.2; 95% CI, 2.0-2.6; P < .001) and explained 17.6% of the variance (based on regression pseudo-R2) in suicide attempt over and above that explained by age, sex, race, and ethnicity (2.8%) and by family history of suicide (6.3%). Findings were consistent in the MCS and CHOP-ED cohorts (explaining 22.6% and 19.3% of the variance in suicide attempt, respectively) despite clinical, demographic, and exposure differences. In all cohorts, compared with youth at the median quintile of the exposomic score, youth at the top fifth quintile were substantially more likely to have made a suicide attempt (OR, 4.3; 95% CI, 2.6-7.2 in the ABCD study; OR, 3.8; 95% CI, 2.7-5.3 in the MCS cohort; OR, 5.8; 95% CI, 4.7-7.1 in the CHOP-ED cohort). Conclusions and Relevance Results suggest that exposomic scores of suicide attempt provided a generalizable method for risk classification that can be applied in diverse samples from clinical or population settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Visoki
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Lifespan Brain Institute of CHOP and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Tyler M. Moore
- Lifespan Brain Institute of CHOP and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Xinhe Zhang
- Cambridge University, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Kate T. Tran
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Lifespan Brain Institute of CHOP and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Christina Ly
- Lifespan Brain Institute of CHOP and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mārtiņš M. Gataviņš
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Lifespan Brain Institute of CHOP and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Grace E. DiDomenico
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Lifespan Brain Institute of CHOP and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Leah Brogan
- Center for Violence Prevention, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Joel A. Fein
- Center for Violence Prevention, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | | | - Sinan Guloksuz
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Ran Barzilay
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP), Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Lifespan Brain Institute of CHOP and Penn Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
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12
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Dash S, McNamara S, de Courten M, Calder R. Social prescribing for suicide prevention: a rapid review. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1396614. [PMID: 39035182 PMCID: PMC11258039 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1396614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
This rapid review delves into the realm of social prescribing as a novel approach to suicide prevention by addressing the social determinants of health. Through an exploration of various databases including MEDLINE, PsychInfo, WILEY, and Sage, a total of 3,063 articles were initially identified as potentially relevant to the research. Following a meticulous screening process, 13 articles were included in the final review, shedding light on the potential effectiveness and impact of social prescribing interventions on suicide prevention. Key findings indicate the need for additional monitoring and support for individuals at risk of suicide, emphasising warm referrals and sustained connections after referral to enhance the efficacy of social prescribing models. The review also highlights the importance of social capital and trust among vulnerable populations, underscoring the significance of community-based referrals in suicide prevention initiatives. Overall, this review identifies the potential of social prescribing as a valuable tool in mitigating suicide risk factors and promoting mental health and wellbeing in diverse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maximilian de Courten
- Australian Health Policy Collaboration, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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13
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Hertzog L, Charlson F, Tschakert P, Morgan GG, Norman R, Pereira G, Hanigan IC. Suicide deaths associated with climate change-induced heat anomalies in Australia: a time series regression analysis. BMJ MENTAL HEALTH 2024; 27:1-8. [PMID: 39122479 DOI: 10.1136/bmjment-2024-301131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although environmental determinants play an important role in suicide mortality, the quantitative influence of climate change-induced heat anomalies on suicide deaths remains relatively underexamined. OBJECTIVE The objective is to quantify the impact of climate change-induced heat anomalies on suicide deaths in Australia from 2000 to 2019. METHODS A time series regression analysis using a generalised additive model was employed to explore the potentially non-linear relationship between temperature anomalies and suicide, incorporating structural variables such as sex, age, season and geographic region. Suicide deaths data were obtained from the Australian National Mortality Database, and gridded climate data of gridded surface temperatures were sourced from the Australian Gridded Climate Dataset. FINDINGS Heat anomalies in the study period were between 0.02°C and 2.2°C hotter than the historical period due to climate change. Our analysis revealed that approximately 0.5% (264 suicides, 95% CI 257 to 271) of the total 50 733 suicides within the study period were attributable to climate change-induced heat anomalies. Death counts associated with heat anomalies were statistically significant (p value 0.03) among men aged 55+ years old. Seasonality was a significant factor, with increased deaths during spring and summer. The relationship between high heat anomalies and suicide deaths varied across different demographic segments. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS This study highlights the measurable impact of climate change-induced heat anomalies on suicide deaths in Australia, emphasising the need for increased climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies in public health planning and suicide prevention efforts focusing on older adult men. The findings underscore the importance of considering environmental factors in addition to individual-level factors in understanding and reducing suicide mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Hertzog
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Climate Change and Health Impact Assessment, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Healthy Environments and Lives (HEAL) National Research Network, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Fiona Charlson
- Queensland Centre of Mental Health Research and School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Petra Tschakert
- School of Media, Creative Arts and Social Inquiry, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Geoffrey G Morgan
- Healthy Environments and Lives (HEAL) National Research Network, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- University Centre for Rural Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Lismore, New South Wales, Australia
- Centre for Safe Air, NHMRC CRE, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Richard Norman
- Healthy Environments and Lives (HEAL) National Research Network, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Gavin Pereira
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Climate Change and Health Impact Assessment, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- enAble Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ivan C Hanigan
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Climate Change and Health Impact Assessment, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Healthy Environments and Lives (HEAL) National Research Network, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Safe Air, NHMRC CRE, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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14
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Zhang B, You J, Rolls ET, Wang X, Kang J, Li Y, Zhang R, Zhang W, Wang H, Xiang S, Shen C, Jiang Y, Xie C, Yu J, Cheng W, Feng J. Identifying behaviour-related and physiological risk factors for suicide attempts in the UK Biobank. Nat Hum Behav 2024:10.1038/s41562-024-01903-x. [PMID: 38956227 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-024-01903-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Suicide is a global public health challenge, yet considerable uncertainty remains regarding the associations of both behaviour-related and physiological factors with suicide attempts (SA). Here we first estimated polygenic risk scores (PRS) for SA in 334,706 UK Biobank participants and conducted phenome-wide association analyses considering 2,291 factors. We identified 246 (63.07%) behaviour-related and 200 (10.41%, encompassing neuroimaging, blood and metabolic biomarkers, and proteins) physiological factors significantly associated with SA-PRS, with robust associations observed in lifestyle factors and mental health. Further case-control analyses involving 3,558 SA cases and 149,976 controls mirrored behaviour-related associations observed with SA-PRS. Moreover, Mendelian randomization analyses supported a potential causal effect of liability to 58 factors on SA, such as age at first intercourse, neuroticism, smoking, overall health rating and depression. Notably, machine-learning classification models based on behaviour-related factors exhibited high discriminative accuracy in distinguishing those with and without SA (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve 0.909 ± 0.006). This study provides comprehensive insights into diverse risk factors for SA, shedding light on potential avenues for targeted prevention and intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Zhang
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence and Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia You
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence and Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Edmund T Rolls
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence and Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Oxford Centre for Computational Neuroscience, Oxford, UK
- Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Xiang Wang
- Medical Psychological Centre, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Medical Psychological Institute, Central South University, Changsha, China
- China National Clinical Research Centre on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), Changsha, China
| | - Jujiao Kang
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence and Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuzhu Li
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence and Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruohan Zhang
- Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence and Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Huifu Wang
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shitong Xiang
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence and Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun Shen
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence and Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuchao Jiang
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence and Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Xie
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence and Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Jintai Yu
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence and Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence and Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.
- MOE Frontiers Centre for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Fudan ISTBI-ZJNU Algorithm Centre for Brain-inspired Intelligence, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China.
| | - Jianfeng Feng
- Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence and Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain Inspired Intelligence (Fudan University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
- MOE Frontiers Centre for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Fudan ISTBI-ZJNU Algorithm Centre for Brain-inspired Intelligence, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China.
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15
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Zhao H, Liu Y, Zhang X, Liao Y, Zhang H, Han X, Guo L, Fan B, Wang W, Lu C. Identifying novel proteins for suicide attempt by integrating proteomes from brain and blood with genome-wide association data. Neuropsychopharmacology 2024; 49:1255-1265. [PMID: 38317018 PMCID: PMC11224332 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-024-01807-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified risk loci for suicide attempt (SA), but deciphering how they confer risk for SA remains largely unknown. This study aims to identify the key proteins and gain insights into SA pathogenesis. We integrated data from the brain proteome (N = 376) and blood proteome (N = 35,559) and combined it with the largest SA GWAS summary statistics to date (N = 518,612). A comprehensive set of methods was employed, including Mendelian randomization (MR), Steiger filtering, Bayesian colocalization, proteome‑wide association studies (PWAS), transcript-levels, cell-type specificity, correlation, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis. Validation was performed using other protein datasets and the SA dataset from FinnGen study. We identified ten proteins (GLRX5, GMPPB, B3GALTL, FUCA2, TTLL12, ADCK1, MMAA, HIBADH, ACP1, DOC2A) associated with SA in brain proteomics. GLRX5, GMPPB, and FUCA2 showed strong colocalization evidence and were supported by PWAS and transcript-level analysis, and were predominantly expressed in glutamatergic neuronal cells. In blood proteomics, one significant protein (PEAR1) and three near-significant proteins (NDE1, EVA1C, B4GALT2) were identified, but lacked colocalization evidence. Moreover, despite the limited correlation between the same protein in brain and blood, the PPI network analysis provided new insights into the interaction between brain and blood in SA. Furthermore, GLRX5 was associated with the GSTP1, the target of Clozapine. The comprehensive analysis provides strong evidence supporting a causal association between three genetically determined brain proteins (GLRX5, GMPPB, and FUCA2) with SA. These findings offer valuable insights into SA's underlying mechanisms and potential therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhao
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yifeng Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuening Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuhua Liao
- Department of Psychiatry, Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xue Han
- Department of Psychiatry, Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lan Guo
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Beifang Fan
- Department of Psychiatry, Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Wanxin Wang
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Ciyong Lu
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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16
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Levi-Belz Y, Shoval-Zuckerman Y, Blank C, Groweiss Y, Neria Y. The moderating role of belongingness in the contribution of depression to suicide ideation following the October 7, 2023, terrorist attack in Israel: A nationwide prospective study. J Affect Disord 2024; 356:292-299. [PMID: 38615841 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION With >1300 civilians murdered, the terrorist attack of October 7 is one of the deadliest terrorist attacks in modern history. Previous research documented a sharp increase in depression in the aftermath of the attacks and the military conflict that followed. In this national prospective cohort study, we examined to what extent perceived belongingness (PB) moderates the association between depression and suicide ideation (SI) in the wake of the October 7th terrorist attack. METHODS A representative sample of 710 Israeli adults (of them, 362 females, 51.1 %), Jews (557, 79.9 %), and Arabs (153, 20.1 %), aged 18-85 (M = 41.01, SD = 13.72) completed questionnaires assessing depression, current SI, and perceived belongingness at two timepoints: T1 (in August 2023) and T2 (in November 2023). RESULTS Perceived belongingness at T1 predicted SI at T2 beyond demographic and trauma-related characteristics. Importantly, we found a significant interaction in which a PB at T1 moderated the link between depression and current SI at T2. Specifically, the level of depression at T2 contributed to current SI-T2 more strongly for individuals with low PB levels than for individuals with high PB levels. DISCUSSION Our study highlights the impact of PB on SI following the October 7th terrorist attack. Clinicians treating individuals coping with depression should attend to their patients' sense of belongingness, as low PB comprises a significant risk factor for current SI. Moreover, community and national initiatives that could increase levels of PB among the citizens may help to diminish suicide risk in the aftermath of the attack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yossi Levi-Belz
- The Lior Tsfaty Center for Suicide and Mental Pain Studies, Ruppin Academic Center, Emek Hefer, Israel; Department of Behavioral Sciences, Ruppin Academic Center, Emek Hefer, Israel.
| | | | - Carmel Blank
- The Lior Tsfaty Center for Suicide and Mental Pain Studies, Ruppin Academic Center, Emek Hefer, Israel; Department of Behavioral Sciences, Ruppin Academic Center, Emek Hefer, Israel
| | - Yoav Groweiss
- The Lior Tsfaty Center for Suicide and Mental Pain Studies, Ruppin Academic Center, Emek Hefer, Israel
| | - Yuval Neria
- Department of Psychiatry and New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, NY, USA
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17
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Padmanathan P, Cohen R, Gunnell D, Biddle L, Griffith E, Breheny K, Hickman M, Munien N, Patel A, Crocker E, Moran P. Development of a Brief Intervention for Emergency Department Attendees Presenting With Self-Harm and Co-Occurring Substance Use Problems. CRISIS 2024; 45:254-262. [PMID: 37975217 DOI: 10.1027/0227-5910/a000933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Background: People who present to the emergency department with self-harm and co-occurring substance use problems often have difficulty accessing effective care. Aims: To develop a brief psychosocial intervention for this population, which would be suitable for testing in a future randomized controlled trial. Methods: A modified Delphi method was used. A 34-item, 3-round, online Delphi survey was informed by a literature review and stakeholder telephone discussions (n = 17). Two panels consisting of people with lived experience (PWLE: n = 15) and people with occupational experience (PWOE: n = 21) participated in the survey. The threshold for consensus was a pooled agreement rate across the two panels of 80% or more. Results: Expert consensus was achieved for 22 items. The new intervention consists of weekly follow-up phone calls for up to 1 month, delivered by Liaison Psychiatry practitioners, in which both self-harm and substance use problems are explored and addressed, and patients are supported in accessing community services. Limitations: Some stakeholder ideas regarding intervention components could not be included as survey options due to anticipated difficulties with implementation. Conclusions: The key elements of a brief psychosocial intervention for self-harm and co-occurring substance use problems have been agreed. Feasibility testing is currently underway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prianka Padmanathan
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, England, UK
- Liaison Psychiatry, Avon and Wiltshire Mental Health Partnership NHS Trust, Bath, England, UK
| | - Rachel Cohen
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, England, UK
- Welsh Government Health and Social Services Group, Social Services and Integration Directorate, Futures and Integration Division, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - David Gunnell
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, England, UK
| | - Lucy Biddle
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, England, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Applied Research Collaboration West, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, England, UK
| | - Emma Griffith
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, England, UK
- Specialised Services, Avon and Wiltshire Mental Health Partnership NHS Trust, Bath, England, UK
| | - Katie Breheny
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, England, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Applied Research Collaboration West, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, England, UK
| | - Matt Hickman
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, England, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Health Protection Research Unit in Behavioural Science and Evaluation, University of Bristol, England, UK
| | - Nik Munien
- Liaison Psychiatry, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, England, UK
| | - Anish Patel
- Liaison Psychiatry, Avon and Wiltshire Mental Health Partnership NHS Trust, Bath, England, UK
- Liaison Psychiatry, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, England, UK
| | - Elaine Crocker
- Liaison Psychiatry, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, England, UK
| | - Paul Moran
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, England, UK
- Liaison Psychiatry, Avon and Wiltshire Mental Health Partnership NHS Trust, Bath, England, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol, England, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Applied Research Collaboration West, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, England, UK
- Liaison Psychiatry, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, England, UK
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18
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Benrimoh D, Lange S, Zamorano T, Friesen T, Rodante DE. Editorial: Methods and interventions to predict and tackle suicide risk. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1431408. [PMID: 39011339 PMCID: PMC11247017 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1431408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- David Benrimoh
- Douglas Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Shannon Lange
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Timothy Friesen
- University of British Columbia Therapeutics Initiative, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Demián Emanuel Rodante
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Farmacología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- “Dr. Braulio A. Moyano” Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- FORO Foundation for Mental Health, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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19
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Chang Z, Wang QY, Li LH, Jiang B, Zhou XM, Zhu H, Sun YP, Pan X, Tu XX, Wang W, Liu CY, Kuang HX. Potential Plausible Role of Stem Cell for Treating Depressive Disorder: a Retrospective Review. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:4454-4472. [PMID: 38097915 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03843-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Depression poses a significant threat to global physical and mental health, impacting around 3.8% of the population with a rising incidence. Current treatment options primarily involve medication and psychological support, yet their effectiveness remains limited, contributing to high relapse rates. There is an urgent need for innovative and more efficacious treatment modalities. Stem cell therapy, a promising avenue in regenerative medicine for a spectrum of neurodegenerative conditions, has recently garnered attention for its potential application in depression. While much of this work remains preclinical, it has demonstrated considerable promise. Identified mechanisms underlying the antidepressant effects of stem cell therapy encompass the stimulation of neurotrophic factors, immune function modulation, and augmented monoamine levels. Nonetheless, these pathways and other undiscovered mechanisms necessitate further investigation. Depression fundamentally manifests as a neurodegenerative disorder. Given stem cell therapy's success in addressing a range of neurodegenerative pathologies, it opens the door to explore its application in depression treatment. This exploration may include repairing damaged nerves directly or indirectly and inhibiting neurotoxicity. Nevertheless, significant challenges must be overcome before stem cell therapies can be applied clinically. Successful resolution of these issues will ultimately determine the feasibility of incorporating stem cell therapies into the clinical landscape. This narrative review provides insights into the progress of research, potential avenues for exploration, and the prevailing challenges in the implementation of stem cell therapy for treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Chang
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 26, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, China
| | - Qing-Yi Wang
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 26, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, China
| | - Lu-Hao Li
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 26, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, China
| | - Bei Jiang
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 26, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, China
| | - Xue-Ming Zhou
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 26, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 26, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, China
| | - Yan-Ping Sun
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 26, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, China
| | - Xue Pan
- Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xu-Xu Tu
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 26, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, China
| | - Wei Wang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Chen-Yue Liu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Xue Kuang
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 26, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150040, China.
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20
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Klimiuk KB, Krefta D, Krawczyk M, Balwicki Ł. Seasonal Trends in Suicide Attempts-Keywords Related Searches: A Google Trends Analysis. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:1273. [PMID: 38998808 PMCID: PMC11241548 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12131273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Suicide is a significant public health concern globally, with its varying rates influenced by numerous factors, including seasonal changes. Online search behaviors, particularly searches related to suicide and mental health, have been proposed as real-time indicators of suicidal ideation in populations. In this study, a cross-sectional time series analysis was conducted, utilizing data on suicide attempts from the Polish Police Headquarters and online search behavior from Google Trends over a decade. Suicide attempt data were analyzed alongside the frequency of Google searches for suicide-related keywords derived from the Polish Corpus of Suicide Notes. A total of 66 keywords were selected for analysis to identify seasonal trends and patterns in search behavior. The study employed linear regression, Seasonal Mann-Kendall tests, and TBATS models to analyze the data. Suicide rates show seasonal patterns, peaking in warmer months. However, keyword searches did not strongly correlate with peak suicide months. This study enhances our understanding of suicide-related search trends and their potential connection to suicide rates. It suggests avenues for more effective prevention efforts and the potential for future algorithms to predict suicide rates and identify at-risk groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Bartosz Klimiuk
- Department of Public Health and Social Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Dawid Krefta
- Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Michał Krawczyk
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Łukasz Balwicki
- Department of Public Health and Social Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland
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21
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Khosravi H, Ahmed I, Choudhury A. Predicting Suicidal Ideation, Planning, and Attempts among the Adolescent Population of the United States. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:1262. [PMID: 38998797 PMCID: PMC11241284 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12131262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Suicide is the second leading cause of death among individuals aged 5 to 24 in the United States (US). However, the precursors to suicide often do not surface, making suicide prevention challenging. This study aims to develop a machine learning model for predicting suicide ideation (SI), suicide planning (SP), and suicide attempts (SA) among adolescents in the US during the coronavirus pandemic. We used the 2021 Adolescent Behaviors and Experiences Survey Data. Class imbalance was addressed using the proposed data augmentation method tailored for binary variables, Modified Synthetic Minority Over-Sampling Technique. Five different ML models were trained and compared. SHapley Additive exPlanations analysis was conducted for explainability. The Logistic Regression model, identified as the most effective, showed superior performance across all targets, achieving high scores in recall: 0.82, accuracy: 0.80, and area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve: 0.88. Variables such as sad feelings, hopelessness, sexual behavior, and being overweight were noted as the most important predictors. Our model holds promise in helping health policymakers design effective public health interventions. By identifying vulnerable sub-groups within regions, our model can guide the implementation of tailored interventions that facilitate early identification and referral to medical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Khosravi
- Industrial and Management Systems Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Imtiaz Ahmed
- Industrial and Management Systems Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Avishek Choudhury
- Industrial and Management Systems Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
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22
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Arya V, Burgess P, Diminic S, Harris MG, Slade T, Sunderland M, Tapp C, Vescovi J, Pirkis J. Suicidal ideation, suicide plans and suicide attempts among Australian adults: Findings from the 2020-2022 National Study of Mental Health and Wellbeing. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2024:48674241256753. [PMID: 38859550 DOI: 10.1177/00048674241256753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to describe the epidemiology of suicidal ideation, suicide plans and suicide attempts, examine services received for suicide attempts, and explore the relationship between suicide attempts and self-harm without suicidal intent. METHODS We used survey data from the 2020-2022 National Study of Mental Health and Wellbeing, which involved a nationally representative sample of Australian adults aged 16-85 (n = 15,893). Comparisons were made with the 2007 National Study of Mental Health and Wellbeing (n = 8841). RESULTS In 2020-2022, the proportions of adults who had experienced suicidal ideation, suicide plans and suicide attempts during their lifetime were 16.6%, 7.5% and 4.9%, respectively. The proportions who had experienced these in the past 12 months were 3.3%, 1.1% and 0.3%. The odds of experiencing suicidal ideation and making a suicide plan were significantly higher in 2020-2022 than in 2007. Groups at heightened risk of suicidal ideation, suicide plans and/or suicide attempts in the previous 12 months were males, young people, people who were gay, lesbian, or bisexual or used some other term to describe their sexual identity, people outside the labour force, people from disadvantaged areas and people with mental disorders. Two-fifths of those who attempted suicide during the previous 12 months did not use health services following their attempt, and two-thirds also self-harmed without suicidal intent. CONCLUSION The implications of these findings for the forthcoming National Suicide Prevention Strategy are discussed. Suicidal thoughts and behaviours confer risk for suicide and are significant problems in their own right. Their prevention requires a strong whole-of-government response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Arya
- Centre for Mental Health and Community Wellbeing, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Philip Burgess
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Wacol, QLD, Australia
| | - Sandra Diminic
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Wacol, QLD, Australia
| | - Meredith G Harris
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Wacol, QLD, Australia
| | - Tim Slade
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Matthew Sunderland
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Caley Tapp
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Wacol, QLD, Australia
| | - Joshua Vescovi
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jane Pirkis
- Centre for Mental Health and Community Wellbeing, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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23
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Huo M, Yang Z, Yang L, Chen S. Can sports participation be a protective factor against suicide-related outcomes in adolescents: a systematic review. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1341795. [PMID: 38899127 PMCID: PMC11186485 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1341795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Suicide-related outcomes among adolescents have become a serious public health problem worldwide. Emerging evidence suggests that sports participation may interact with suicide-related outcomes. The objective of this systematic review is to systematically review and summarize the association between sports participation and suicide-related outcomes among adolescents. Design A systematic review according to PRISMA Statement (International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols registration: INPLASY202330072) https://inplasy.com/inplasy-2023-3-0072/. Methods The literature search was conducted in three electronic databases: Web of Science, PubMed, and EBSCOhost. Results A total of 16 studies (12 cross-sectional studies, 4 prospective studies) met the inclusion criteria were evaluated. Strong consistent evidence was found for the negative association between suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and sports participation among adolescents. There was insufficient evidence to support consistency in the association between sports participation and suicide plans, and no evidence regarding gender differences between sports participation and these suicide-related outcomes. Furthermore, there was heterogeneity in the measures of sports participation and suicide-related outcomes across the included studies. Conclusion Evidence suggests that more sports participations are associated with lower suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in adolescents. However, the directionality of the observed associations should be examined based on more high-quality longitudinal studies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meilin Huo
- Department of Physical Education, Huaide College of Changzhou University, Changzhou, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Li Yang
- School of Physical Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sitong Chen
- Centre for Mental Health, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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24
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Okada M, Matsumoto R, Motomura E. Suicide mortality rates in Japan before and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic era. PCN REPORTS : PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES 2024; 3:e188. [PMID: 38868081 PMCID: PMC11114309 DOI: 10.1002/pcn5.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Statistical analyses from Japan reported increasing suicides in 2020, first in the world, proving the severity of the public health crisis during the COVID-19 pandemic; however, so far, international suicides have not been shown to be objectively increasing at population level. Followed studies reported the existence of a substantial heterogeneity of suicides among subgroups and time-lag impacts. Against public health crisis in Japan, policymakers, psychiatrists and public health personnel should prioritize improving suicide prevention programs following evidence-based policymaking. Understanding how/what factors relate to the COVID-19 pandemic and what other factors have shaped the increasing suicide numbers since 2020 through objectively well-controlled/fine-grained analyses of high-quality longitudinal/cross-sectional data at the individual, regional, and national levels is important for identifying the reasons for the recent trend. For this purpose, this study examined suicide statistics, statistical analysis methods, and their interpretations. Recent analyses suggest an increased suicide risk among females <50 years and males <30 years in 2020-2022. Notably, time-series analyses revealed that adolescent suicides began increasing before the pandemic, while working-age female suicides sharply increased synchronously with the pandemic outbreak. Causality analyses suggest that social issues facing Japan and recent global psychosocial and socioeconomic transformations are risk factors for suicide in high-risk groups. Finally, this report demonstrates the importance of providing appropriate support based on an objective understanding of individuals who are at risk for suicide, without being bound by traditional established knowledges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motohiro Okada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Division of Neuroscience, Graduate School of MedicineMie UniversityTsuJapan
| | - Ryusuke Matsumoto
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Division of Neuroscience, Graduate School of MedicineMie UniversityTsuJapan
| | - Eishi Motomura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Division of Neuroscience, Graduate School of MedicineMie UniversityTsuJapan
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25
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Gordon M, Jayakumar N, Atzema C, Korczak DJ, Kennedy S, Schaffer A, Goldstein B, Orser BA, Yee D, Fiksenbaum L, Choi LHL, Phillips A, McFarlan A, Kreller M, Freedman C, Tanenbaum B, McDowall D, Ceniti A, Sinyor M. Self-harm presentations to hospital trauma centre emergency departments during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychiatry Res 2024; 336:115892. [PMID: 38642422 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic raised concerns regarding increased suicide-related behaviours. We compared characteristics and counts of Emergency Department (ED) presentations for self-harm, an important suicide-related outcome, during versus prior to the pandemic's first year. We included patients presenting with self-harm to the ED of two trauma centres in Toronto, Canada. Time series models compared intra-pandemic (March 2020-February 2021) presentation counts to predictions from pre-pandemic data. The self-harm proportion of ED presentations was compared between the intra-pandemic period and preceding three years. A retrospective chart review of eligible patients seen from March 2019-February 2021 compared pre- vs. intra-pandemic patient and injury characteristics. While monthly intra-pandemic self-harm counts were largely within expected ranges, the self-harm proportion of total presentations increased. Being widowed (OR=9.46; 95 %CI=1.10-81.08), employment/financial stressors (OR=1.65, 95 %CI=1.06-2.58), job loss (OR=3.83; 95 %CI=1.36-10.76), and chest-stabbing self-harm (OR=2.50; 95 %CI=1.16-5.39) were associated with intra-pandemic presentations. Intra-pandemic self-harm was also associated with Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission (OR=2.18, 95 %CI=1.41-3.38). In summary, while the number of self-harm presentations to these trauma centres did not increase during the early pandemic, their proportion was increased. The association of intra-pandemic self-harm with variables indicating medically severe injury, economic stressors, and being widowed may inform future suicide and self-harm prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Gordon
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre. 2075 Bayview Ave, Toronto M4N 3M5, ON, Canada; Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto. 1 King's College Circle, Toronto M5S 1A8, ON, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa. 451 Smyth Rd, Ottawa K1H 8M5, ON, Canada.
| | - Navitha Jayakumar
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre. 2075 Bayview Ave, Toronto M4N 3M5, ON, Canada
| | - Clare Atzema
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre. 2075 Bayview Ave, Toronto M4N 3M5, ON, Canada; Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto. 1 King's College Circle, Toronto M5S 1A8, ON, Canada
| | - Daphne J Korczak
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto. 1 King's College Circle, Toronto M5S 1A8, ON, Canada; The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto M5G 1X8, ON, Canada
| | - Sidney Kennedy
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto. 1 King's College Circle, Toronto M5S 1A8, ON, Canada; St. Michael's Hospital. 36 Queen St E, Toronto M5B 1W8, ON, Canada
| | - Ayal Schaffer
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre. 2075 Bayview Ave, Toronto M4N 3M5, ON, Canada; Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto. 1 King's College Circle, Toronto M5S 1A8, ON, Canada
| | - Benjamin Goldstein
- Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto. 1 King's College Circle, Toronto M5S 1A8, ON, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health. 250 College St, Toronto M5T 1R8, ON, Canada
| | - Beverley A Orser
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre. 2075 Bayview Ave, Toronto M4N 3M5, ON, Canada; Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto. 1 King's College Circle, Toronto M5S 1A8, ON, Canada
| | - Doreen Yee
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre. 2075 Bayview Ave, Toronto M4N 3M5, ON, Canada; Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto. 1 King's College Circle, Toronto M5S 1A8, ON, Canada
| | - Lisa Fiksenbaum
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre. 2075 Bayview Ave, Toronto M4N 3M5, ON, Canada; Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto. 1 King's College Circle, Toronto M5S 1A8, ON, Canada; York University. 4700 Keele St, Toronto M3J 1P3, ON, Canada
| | - Liz Hanbyul Lee Choi
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre. 2075 Bayview Ave, Toronto M4N 3M5, ON, Canada
| | - Andrea Phillips
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre. 2075 Bayview Ave, Toronto M4N 3M5, ON, Canada
| | - Amanda McFarlan
- St. Michael's Hospital. 36 Queen St E, Toronto M5B 1W8, ON, Canada
| | - Margaret Kreller
- The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto M5G 1X8, ON, Canada
| | - Corey Freedman
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre. 2075 Bayview Ave, Toronto M4N 3M5, ON, Canada
| | - Brandy Tanenbaum
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre. 2075 Bayview Ave, Toronto M4N 3M5, ON, Canada
| | - Dorothy McDowall
- The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto M5G 1X8, ON, Canada
| | - Amanda Ceniti
- St. Michael's Hospital. 36 Queen St E, Toronto M5B 1W8, ON, Canada
| | - Mark Sinyor
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre. 2075 Bayview Ave, Toronto M4N 3M5, ON, Canada; Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto. 1 King's College Circle, Toronto M5S 1A8, ON, Canada
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26
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Arango A, Brent D, Grupp-Phelan J, Barney BJ, Spirito A, Mroczkowski MM, Shenoi R, Mahabee-Gittens M, Casper TC, King C. Social connectedness and adolescent suicide risk. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2024; 65:785-797. [PMID: 37926560 PMCID: PMC11069595 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite evidence of the importance of interpersonal connectedness to our understanding of suicide risk, relatively little research has examined the protective and buffering effects of connectedness among adolescents. The aims of this study were to determine: (a) whether overall connectedness (composite of family, peer, and school) and specific domains of connectedness were related to a lower likelihood of suicide attempts, and (b) whether these factors buffer the prospective risk of suicide attempt for high-risk subgroups (i.e., recent suicidal ideation and/or lifetime history of suicide attempt, peer victimization, or sexual and gender minority status). METHODS Participants were 2,897 adolescents (64.7% biological female), ages 12 to 17 (M = 14.6, SD = 1.6), recruited in collaboration with the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN) from 14 emergency departments for the Emergency Department Screen for Teens at Risk for Suicide Study (ED-STARS). Suicide risk and protective factors were assessed at baseline; 3- and 6-month follow-ups were completed (79.5% retention). Multivariable logistic regressions were conducted, adjusting for established suicide risk factors. RESULTS Higher overall connectedness and, specifically, school connectedness were associated with decreased likelihood of a suicide attempt across 6 months. Overall connectedness and connectedness domains did not function as buffers for future suicide attempts among certain high-risk subgroups. The protective effect of overall connectedness was lower for youth with recent suicidal ideation or a suicide attempt history than for those without this history. Similarly, overall connectedness was protective for youth without peer victimization but not those with this history. Regarding specific domains, family connectedness was protective for youth without recent suicidal ideation or a suicide attempt history and peer connectedness was protective for youth without peer victimization but not youth with these histories. CONCLUSIONS In this large and geographically diverse sample, overall and school connectedness were related prospectively to lower likelihood of suicide attempts, and connectedness was more protective for youth not in certain high-risk subgroups. Results inform preventive efforts aimed at improving youth connectedness and reducing suicide risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Brent
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh
| | | | | | - Anthony Spirito
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown University
| | | | - Rohit Shenoi
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine
| | | | | | - Cheryl King
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan
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27
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Schwerthöffer D, Förstl H. [Insomniac symptoms and suicidality-link and management]. NEUROPSYCHIATRIE : KLINIK, DIAGNOSTIK, THERAPIE UND REHABILITATION : ORGAN DER GESELLSCHAFT OSTERREICHISCHER NERVENARZTE UND PSYCHIATER 2024; 38:53-61. [PMID: 37171521 PMCID: PMC11143018 DOI: 10.1007/s40211-023-00466-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A link between insomniac symptoms and suicidality has long been suspected and deserves specific attention. OBJECTIVE We examine the current evidence for this relationship from epidemiology and neurobiology in order to propose a targeted management. MATERIAL AND METHOD Clinical example and selective Medline-literature research for insomnia symptoms and suicidality. RESULTS Epidemiological data and statistical analysis show that symptoms of insomnia are independent risk factors for suicidality. Neurobiological factors associated with combined insomnia symptoms and suicidality are: serotonergic dysfunction and circadian rhythm disorder leading to hypofrontality with reduced problem solving capacity and impaired emotional and impulse-control. Social isolation, recurrent rumination, comorbid psychiatric disorders, access to potentially lethal drugs or weapons need urgent evaluation in patients with a combination of suicidality and symptoms of insomnia. CONCLUSION patients with insomnia and further risk factors for suicide need to be treated resolutely and at an early stage. Modern sleep-promoting antidepressants with low toxicity and antipsychotics must be preferred in the treatment of patients with insomniac sleep disorders and suicidality. Multimodal anti-insomnia and anti-depressive therapy adapted to the circadian rhythm can exert a favorable influence both on depressive-suicidal and insomnia symptoms and their inherent risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Schwerthöffer
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, TU-München, Ismaningerstraße 22, 81675, München, Deutschland.
| | - Hans Förstl
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, TU-München, Ismaningerstraße 22, 81675, München, Deutschland
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Ge Y, Zhang M. Interpersonal relationships and suicidal ideation among Chinese youths: A network analysis. J Affect Disord 2024; 354:267-274. [PMID: 38494135 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.03.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicidal ideation is a noteworthy health problem that requires further study in the field of interpersonal relationships. The main scope of relationships include family, teachers, peers, and the Internet. However, few studies have considered the effects of interpersonal interactions. Based on the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide, this study explores the relation between different interpersonal relationships and suicidal ideation. METHODS A network analysis approach was used to test the relationships. Cross-sectional data (N = 1694; 52.1 % boys; Mage = 11.86 years, SD = 1.59) were collected from primary and secondary students in October-November 2022. Participants completed a survey including demographic part and questionnaires: Positive and Negative Suicide Ideation Inventory (PANSI), Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire (INQ), Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale (FACES II), Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA), Student-Teacher Relationship Scale (STRS) and Facebook Intensity Scale (FIS). RESULTS All variables showed a significant correlation in this inferred network. Family, teacher-student, and peer relationships are protective against suicidal ideation. The closeness of the teacher-student relationship showed the highest strength centrality. However, online interpersonal relationship is a risk factor for suicide. Thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness are proximal factors of suicidal ideation that influenced all interpersonal relationships. LIMITATIONS The network analysis as a data-driven and exploratory method may be limited to provide exact cause and effect relationship. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that teacher-student connections may be more important than other relationships of young people. Improper peer and online interpersonal relationship could be risky for suicide. Further studies are needed to examine the role of these relationships elaborately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjie Ge
- College of Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China
| | - Min Zhang
- College of Education, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, China.
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Alacreu-Crespo A, Sebti E, Moret RM, Courtet P. From Social Stress and Isolation to Autonomic Nervous System Dysregulation in Suicidal Behavior. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2024; 26:312-322. [PMID: 38717659 PMCID: PMC11147891 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-024-01503-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW In this narrative review we wanted to describe the relationship of autonomic nervous system activity with social environment and suicidal spectrum behaviors. RECENT FINDINGS Patients with suicidal ideation/suicide attempt have higher sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and lower parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) activity in resting conditions and during acute stress tasks compared with patients without suicidal ideation/suicide attempt. Death by suicide and violent suicide attempt also are related to SNS hyperactivation. Similarly, a SNS/PNS imbalance has been observed in people with childhood trauma, stressful life events or feelings of loneliness and isolation. Social support seems to increase PNS control and resilience. Due to the importance of the social context and stressful life events in suicidal behavior, SNS/PNS imbalance could act as a mediator in this relationship and be a source of relevant biomarkers. Childhood trauma and stressful life events may impair the autonomic nervous system response in suicidal patients. Loneliness, isolation and social support may act as moderators in acute stress situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Alacreu-Crespo
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, C/Atarazana 4, Aragon, Teruel, 44003, Spain.
- FondaMental Foundation, Créteil, France.
| | - Emma Sebti
- IGF, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
- Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Acute Care, Lapeyronie Hospital, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Rosa María Moret
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, C/Atarazana 4, Aragon, Teruel, 44003, Spain
| | - Philippe Courtet
- FondaMental Foundation, Créteil, France
- IGF, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
- Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Acute Care, Lapeyronie Hospital, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Patel A, Dixon KE, Rojas S, Gopalakrishnan L, Carmio N. Explaining Suicide Among Indian Women: Applying the Cultural Theory of Suicide to Indian Survivors of Gender-Based Violence Reporting Suicidal Ideation. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2024:8862605241254145. [PMID: 38819007 DOI: 10.1177/08862605241254145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Indian women account for 36.6% of suicide-related deaths worldwide and gender-based violence (GBV) is a key social determinant. The cultural theory of suicide (CTS), which synthesizes risk factors and explanations of suicide among racial/ethnic minorities, posits four tenets: idioms of distress, cultural sanctions, and social discord. Our study applied the CTS to Indian women from slums reporting GBV to explore (1) culturally relevant risk pathways towards suicidal ideation using qualitative analyses, and test (2) the association between idioms of distress and suicidal ideation. 112 women from urban slums were recruited and 99 completed surveys. A subset were administered qualitative interviews. Aim 1 explored the CTS framework among participants describing suicidal ideation in qualitative interviews [n = 18]; Aim 2 explored if idioms of distress severity was associated with suicidal ideation through an ANCOVA [N = 99]. Idioms of distress such as 'tension' indicated suicidal ideation. Communities did not sanction suicidal ideation, leading to secrecy regarding disclosure. Women in 'love marriages' (versus arranged marriages) reported minority stress. Social discord heightened suicidal thoughts. Results of the ANCOVA confirmed that women reporting suicidal ideation had higher idioms of distress severity (M = 28.56, SD = 6.37), compared to women who did not (M = 21.77, SD = 6.07), F(1, 96) = 28.58, p < .001 (ηp2 = .23). Our study empirically validates the CTS among Indian GBV survivors. Culturally responsive suicide prevention can include assessing idioms of distress, improving family support, and educating to reduce stigma and enhance help-seeking.
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Benhaddouch Y, Ouazzani Housni Touhami Y, Fares N, Benmaamar S, Ouaati A, Belfquih O, Bout A, Aarab C, El Fakir S, Aalouane R. Psychological impact of the end of lockdown on the Moroccan population. L'ENCEPHALE 2024:S0013-7006(24)00096-4. [PMID: 38824044 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2024.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
This work is a descriptive cross-sectional study that aimed to assess by means of an online survey the well-being and psychological impact, mainly depression, anxiety, stress and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), experienced by the general population after the end of lockdown following the COVID-19 pandemic. In this study, we used the PCL-S scales to assess PTSD and the DASS scale to assess depression, anxiety, and stress related to end of quarantine. Our study found that following the decontamination related to COVID-19, the psychological impact was not negligible with a significant prevalence of occurrence for several psychological disorders. We found depression (68.8%), anxiety (57.47%), stress (45.50%) and post-traumatic stress disorder (31.5%) in the subjects of our study. Following the decontamination related to COVID-19, the psychological impact was found to be as important or even more serious than the other situations that preceded it. The development of a database allowing us to understand the effect of the decontamination on the mental health of Moroccans could be useful in order to watch and prevent the occurrence of complications for psychological disorders such as depression, anxiety, stress or even a state of post-traumatic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassine Benhaddouch
- Psychiatry-Addictology Department, CHU Hassan II of Fez, 30010 Fez, Morocco.
| | | | - Nourelhouda Fares
- Psychiatry-Addictology Department, CHU Hassan II of Fez, 30010 Fez, Morocco
| | - Soumaya Benmaamar
- Epidemiology Department of the Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Fez, Fez, Morocco
| | - Amina Ouaati
- Psychiatry-Addictology Department, CHU Hassan II of Fez, 30010 Fez, Morocco
| | - Oumayma Belfquih
- Psychiatry-Addictology Department, CHU Hassan II of Fez, 30010 Fez, Morocco
| | - Amine Bout
- Psychiatry-Addictology Department, CHU Hassan II of Fez, 30010 Fez, Morocco
| | - Chadya Aarab
- Psychiatry-Addictology Department, CHU Hassan II of Fez, 30010 Fez, Morocco
| | - Samira El Fakir
- Epidemiology Department of the Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Fez, Fez, Morocco
| | - Rachid Aalouane
- Psychiatry-Addictology Department, CHU Hassan II of Fez, 30010 Fez, Morocco
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Kassahun GT, Addis F, Mossie TB, Belete H, Munie BM. Suicidal behavior and associated factors among holy water users at Northwest, Ethiopia, 2023: an institution based cross-sectional study. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1398363. [PMID: 38863616 PMCID: PMC11165697 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1398363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Suicide is a serious cause of mortality that affects families, communities, and the entire country. Because of a lack of national systematic reporting for cause-specific mortality, a high level of stigma, and religious non-acceptance, suicidal behavior is an under-reported and concealed cause of death in the majority of low- and middle-income countries. Objective The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of suicidal behavior and associated factors among holy water users at the Andassa Saint George Monastery, 2023. Methods An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted at the Andassa Saint George Monastery from 5 April to 5 May 2023. A systematic random sampling method was utilized to select 423 study participants and the Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised was used to assess suicidal behavior. The data were gathered using the epicollect5 software with a face-to-face interview method then exported to SPSS-25 for analysis. A binary logistic regression model was used and all variables in a bivariate analysis with a p-value of less than 0.25 were entered into a multivariable logistic regression model, and statistical significance was declared at a p-value of less than 0.05. Results The prevalence of suicidal behavior among holy water users was 9.7% (95% CI: 7.1-12.4). Being female [2.632 (1.206-5.748)], living alone [2.52 (1.06-5.97)], and having depression [3.03 (1.32-6.99)], epilepsy [3.82 (1.28-11.40)], and diabetes mellitus [3.37 (1.229-9.25)] were significantly associated with suicidal behavior. Conclusion In this study, almost 1 in 10 had engaged in suicidal behavior in their lifetime. Several risk factors for suicidal behavior were identified, including being female, living alone, and having diabetes mellitus, epilepsy, and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gedefaw Tegegne Kassahun
- Department of Psychiatry, Debre Markos Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Amhara Regional Health Bureau, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Fikir Addis
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Tilahun Belete Mossie
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Habte Belete
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Birhanu Mengist Munie
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
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Yuan D, Wu J, Li S, Zhou X, Zhang R, Zhang Y. Causal relationships between serum albumin, neuroticism and suicidal ideation in depressed patients: A Mendelian randomization study. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30718. [PMID: 38765065 PMCID: PMC11098842 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Although serum albumin and neuroticism have revealed a strong association with suicidal ideation in individuals with depression, the causal relationship between them is uncertain. This study analyzed the causal association of serum albumin, neuroticism and suicidal ideation using large-scale GWAS data and Univariable Mendelian Randomization (UVMR) methods. The Multivariable MR (MVMR) analysis was used to explore the causal pathways. UVMR analysis revealed that genetically determined serum albumin is causally associated with neuroticism (β = -0.006 S.D.; 95 % CI: 0.009, -0.002; p = 0.003) and suicidal ideation (β = 0.009 S.D.; 95 % CI: 0.001, 0.016; p = 0.037); and that neuroticism mediates 100 % of the causal association between serum albumin and suicidal ideation in individuals with depression. These findings suggest genetic evidence for the causal effect of serum albumin on suicidal ideation in depressed patients and the significant mediation effect of neuroticism on this causal association. This study proves the protective role of serum albumin for neuroticism and the riskiness of personality traits for suicidal ideation in individuals with depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongling Yuan
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jialing Wu
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shansi Li
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiao Zhou
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ruoyi Zhang
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Medical Psychological Institute of Central South University, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders (Xiangya), Changsha, China
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McCool MW, Schwebel FJ, Pearson MR, Wong MM. Using recursive partitioning to predict presence and severity of suicidal ideation amongst college students. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38728739 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2024.2351419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Predicting the presence and severity of suicidal ideation in college students is important, as deaths by suicide amongst young adults have increased in the past 20 years. PARTICIPANTS We recruited college students (N = 5494) from ten universities across eight states. METHOD Participants answered three questionnaires related to lifetime and past month suicidal ideation, and an indicator of suicidal ideation in a DSM-5 symptom measure. We used recursive partitioning to predict the presence, absence, and severity, of suicidal ideation. RESULTS Recursive partitioning models varied in their accuracy and performance. The best-performing model consisted of predictors and outcomes measured by the DSM-5 Level 1 Cross-Cutting Symptom Measure. Sexual orientation was also an important predictor in most models. CONCLUSIONS A single measure of DSM-5 symptom severity may help universities understand suicide severity to promote targeted interventions. Though further work is needed, as similar scaling amongst predictors could have influenced the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matison W McCool
- Center on Alcohol, Substance use, and Addictions, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Frank J Schwebel
- Center on Alcohol, Substance use, and Addictions, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Matthew R Pearson
- Center on Alcohol, Substance use, and Addictions, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Maria M Wong
- Psychology Department, Idaho State University, Pocatello, Idaho, USA
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Wu Y, Qu Z, Tang W, Zheng Y, Xiong X, Ye Z, Li Z. Reducing the risk of suicidal behaviors in medical graduate students: exploration of student-supervisor relationship and subjective family socioeconomic status. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1381291. [PMID: 38774432 PMCID: PMC11106388 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1381291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to investigate the association between the risk of suicidal behaviors and student-supervisor relationships and subjective family socioeconomic status (SFSS) in medical graduate students, and to propose preventive strategies to reduce the suicidal risk among medical graduate students. Materials and methods A total of 1,310 validated questionnaires were collected from medical graduate students, which included demographic information, study programs, the Suicidal Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R) questionnaire, the Leader-Member Exchange 7 (LMX-7) questionnaire, and SFSS by MacArthur Scale. Multiple regression analysis was employed to examine the associations between variables and adjust for confounders. A moderation analysis, containing simple slope analysis and Johnson-Neyman interval plots were used to analyze the moderating effect of the SFSS in the association of SBQ-R and LMX-7 scores. Results A total of 88 participants (6.7%) were at risk of suicidal behaviors. In the high-quality student-supervisor relationship group (LMX-7 score ≥ 25), SFSS was significantly higher than in the low- and moderate-quality relationship group (p=0.002). The median SBQ-R score and proportion of suicide risk was significantly lower (p<0.001) in the high-quality student-supervisor relationship group. Multiple regression analysis indicated LMX-7 scores (β=-0.098, 95% CI [-0.118, -0.077], p<0.001) and SFSS (β=-0.073, 95% CI [-0.127, -0.019], p=0.008) were significantly negatively associated with SBQ-R, whereas the interaction term of SFSS with LMX-7 (β=0.018, 95% CI [0.007, 0.029], p=0.001) showed a significant positive association with SBQ-R. The Johnson-Neyman interval showed a significant association between LMX-7 and SBQ-R scores only when SFSS was less than 7.82 (p<0.05). Conclusion The risk of suicidal behaviors was associated with student-supervisor relationships and SFSS among medical graduate students. Poor relationships with supervisor were associated with an elevated risk of suicidality, and SFSS moderated this association. Educators should pay increased attention to the suicidal risk of medical graduate students with poor supervisor relationships, especially those from families with low SFSS, and provide timely preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wu
- College of Marxism, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Postgraduate Students, West China School of Medicine/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zheng Qu
- School of Allied Health Sciences, West China School of Medicine/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wanjie Tang
- Center for Health and Psychology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunhao Zheng
- West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Xiong
- West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zheng Ye
- School of Allied Health Sciences, West China School of Medicine/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhenlin Li
- School of Allied Health Sciences, West China School of Medicine/West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Ahmedani BK, Frank C, Zervos J. Zero Suicide International: An opportunity across Asia. Asian J Psychiatr 2024; 95:104056. [PMID: 38679537 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2024.104056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian K Ahmedani
- Henry Ford Health, Center for Health Policy & Health Services Research, United States; Henry Ford Health, Behavioral Health Services, United States.
| | - Cathrine Frank
- Henry Ford Health, Behavioral Health Services, United States
| | - John Zervos
- Henry Ford Health, Global Health Initiative, United States
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Alothman D, Lewis S, Card T, Tyrrell E, Fogarty AW. The association between living alone, loneliness and suicide mortality and effect modification by age: A case:control study. J Affect Disord 2024; 352:278-280. [PMID: 38360370 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social isolation is a potentially reversible risk factor for suicide. METHODS A matched case control study design was used. The study population was from England and identified from an electronic primary case database with linkage to a secondary care database and Office for National Statistics mortality data. Cases were individuals who had been recorded as dying by suicide. Controls were randomly selected, matched by primary care centre and date of suicide mortality. RESULTS Data were available from 14,515 cases who died from suicide and 580,159 controls. After adjustment for age and sex, the risk of suicide in individuals who had previously been reported to be either living alone or suffering loneliness was increased (Odds ratio OR 4.9; 95 % confidence intervals CI: 4.4 to 5.5). Age affected the level of this risk, with individuals aged 15 to 34 years who were lonely or lived alone having a much higher risk of suicide (OR 16.4; 95 % CI: 8.7 to 31.1). LIMITATIONS We can demonstrate an association between loneliness and living alone, but this may not be a causal effect. The conclusions may not be generalisable to societies outside the UK. CONCLUSIONS Loneliness and social isolation are associated with an approximately five-fold increase in risk of mortality from suicide, which was substantially higher in younger adults. These represent potentially reversible risk factors for suicide mortality and may also help identify individuals who are at a higher risk of suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah Lewis
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Timothy Card
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, UK
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Sicotte R, Abdel-Baki A, Mohan G, Rabouin D, Malla A, Padmavati R, Moro L, Joober R, Rangaswamy T, Iyer SN. Similar and different? A cross-cultural comparison of the prevalence, course of and factors associated with suicidal thoughts and behaviors in first-episode psychosis in Chennai, India and Montreal, Canada. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2024; 70:457-469. [PMID: 38174721 PMCID: PMC11067410 DOI: 10.1177/00207640231214979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data from high-income countries (HICs) show a high risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs) in first-episode psychosis (FEP). It is unknown, however, whether rates and associated factors differ in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). AIMS We therefore aimed to compare the 2-year course of STBs and associated factors in persons with FEP treated in two similarly structured early intervention services in Chennai, India and Montreal, Canada. METHOD To ensure fit to the data that included persons without STBs and with varying STBs' severity, a hurdle model was conducted by site, including known predictors of STBs. The 2-year evolution of STBs was compared by site with mixed-effects ordered logistic regression. RESULTS The study included 333 FEP patients (168 in Chennai, 165 in Montreal). A significant decrease in STBs was observed at both sites (OR = 0.87; 95% CI [0.84, 0.90]), with the greatest decline in the first 2 months of follow-up. Although three Chennai women died by suicide in the first 4 months (none in Montreal), Chennai patients had a lower risk of STBs over follow-up (OR = 0.44; 95% CI [0.23, 0.81]). Some factors (depression, history of suicide attempts) were consistently associated with STBs across contexts, while others (gender, history of suicidal ideation, relationship status) were associated at only one of the two sites. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to compare STBs in FEP between two distinct geo-sociocultural contexts (an HIC and an LMIC). At both sites, STBs reduced after treatment initiation, suggesting that early intervention reduces STBs across contexts. At both sites, for some patients, STBs persisted or first appeared during follow-up, indicating need for suicide prevention throughout follow-up. Our study demonstrates contextual variations in rates and factors associated with STBs. This has implications for tailoring suicide prevention and makes the case for more research on STBs in FEP in diverse contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxanne Sicotte
- Research Center of the Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Amal Abdel-Baki
- Research Center of the Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Greeshma Mohan
- Schizophrenia Research Foundation (SCARF), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Daniel Rabouin
- Prevention and Early Intervention Program for Psychosis (PEPP), Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Ashok Malla
- Prevention and Early Intervention Program for Psychosis (PEPP), Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Laura Moro
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Ridha Joober
- Prevention and Early Intervention Program for Psychosis (PEPP), Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Thara Rangaswamy
- Schizophrenia Research Foundation (SCARF), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Srividya N. Iyer
- Prevention and Early Intervention Program for Psychosis (PEPP), Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Namgung E, Ha E, Yoon S, Song Y, Lee H, Kang HJ, Han JS, Kim JM, Lee W, Lyoo IK, Kim SJ. Identifying unique subgroups in suicide risks among psychiatric outpatients. Compr Psychiatry 2024; 131:152463. [PMID: 38394926 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2024.152463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The presence of psychiatric disorders is widely recognized as one of the primary risk factors for suicide. A significant proportion of individuals receiving outpatient psychiatric treatment exhibit varying degrees of suicidal behaviors, which may range from mild suicidal ideations to overt suicide attempts. This study aims to elucidate the transdiagnostic symptom dimensions and associated suicidal features among psychiatric outpatients. METHODS The study enrolled patients who attended the psychiatry outpatient clinic at a tertiary hospital in South Korea (n = 1, 849, age range = 18-81; 61% women). A data-driven classification methodology was employed, incorporating a broad spectrum of clinical symptoms, to delineate distinctive subgroups among psychiatric outpatients exhibiting suicidality (n = 1189). A reference group of patients without suicidality (n = 660) was included for comparative purposes to ascertain cluster-specific sociodemographic, suicide-related, and psychiatric characteristics. RESULTS Psychiatric outpatients with suicidality (n = 1189) were subdivided into three distinctive clusters: the low-suicide risk cluster (Cluster 1), the high-suicide risk externalizing cluster (Cluster 2), and the high-suicide risk internalizing cluster (Cluster 3). Relative to the reference group (n = 660), each cluster exhibited distinct attributes pertaining to suicide-related characteristics and clinical symptoms, covering domains such as anxiety, externalizing and internalizing behaviors, and feelings of hopelessness. Cluster 1, identified as the low-suicide risk group, exhibited less frequent suicidal ideation, planning, and multiple attempts. In the high-suicide risk groups, Cluster 2 displayed pronounced externalizing symptoms, whereas Cluster 3 was primarily defined by internalizing and hopelessness symptoms. Bipolar disorders were most common in Cluster 2, while depressive disorders were predominant in Cluster 3. DISCUSSION Our findings suggest the possibility of differentiating psychiatric outpatients into distinct, clinically relevant subgroups predicated on their suicide risk. This research potentially paves the way for personalizing interventions and preventive strategies that address cluster-specific characteristics, thereby mitigating suicide-related mortality among psychiatric outpatients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Namgung
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eunji Ha
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sujung Yoon
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yumi Song
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyangwon Lee
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hee-Ju Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jung-Soo Han
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Min Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Wonhye Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Sungkyunkwan University College of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - In Kyoon Lyoo
- Ewha Brain Institute, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Seog Ju Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Sungkyunkwan University College of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.
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Bekaroğlu E, Bulut BP, Demirbaş H. Reliability and validity of the Suicide Cognitions Scale-Revised (SCS-R) in emerging adulthood in Turkey. DEATH STUDIES 2024; 48:500-510. [PMID: 37516976 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2023.2240742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs) are a significant public health problem. This study aims to examine the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Suicide Cognitions Scale-Revised (SCS-R). Participants (N = 442, age range: 18-29 years) completed the SCS-R, the Beck Depression Inventory, the Inventory of Statements About Self-injury, the Suicide Probability Scale, and the Suicide Rumination Scale. Principal component analysis showed that the SCS-R consisted of a single factor and that the SCS-R could differentiate between participants at high risk and low risk of suicide. High-to-moderate positive associations were found between the measures of depression, suicide probability, suicide rumination, and non-suicidal self-injury and suicide cognition. The Turkish version of the SCS-R has good psychometric properties. This scale can be used to screen for cognitive patterns that are most prone to suicide and to manage such cognitive characteristics, which are important steps for preventive interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ece Bekaroğlu
- Department of Psychology, Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Burcu Pınar Bulut
- Department of Psychology, Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hatice Demirbaş
- Department of Psychology, Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli University, Ankara, Turkey
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41
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Akinyemi O, Ogundare T, Wedeslase T, Hartmann B, Odusanya E, Williams M, Hughes K, Cornwell Iii E. Trends in Suicides and Homicides in 21st Century America. Cureus 2024; 16:e61010. [PMID: 38910703 PMCID: PMC11194035 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.61010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Violent deaths, including suicides and homicides, pose a significant public health challenge in the United States. Understanding the trends and identifying associated risk factors is crucial for targeted intervention strategies. AIM To examine the trends in suicides and homicides over the past two decades and identify demographic and contextual predictors using the Center for Disease Control and Prevention's Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System online database. METHODS A retrospective analysis of mortality records from 2000 to 2020 was conducted, utilizing multivariate regression analyses. Covariates included age, race, sex, education, mental health conditions, and time period. Age-adjusted rates were employed to assess trends. RESULTS Over the 20 years, there was an upward trajectory in suicide rates, increasing from approximately 10/100,000 to over 14/100,000 individuals, which is a notable increase among American Indians (100.8% increase) and individuals aged 25 years and younger (45.3% increase). Homicide rates, while relatively stable, exhibited a significant increase in 2019-2020, with African Americans consistently having the highest rates and a significant increase among American Indians (73.2% increase). In the multivariate regression analysis, Individuals with advanced education (OR= 1.74, 95% CI= 1.70 - 1.78), depression (OR = 13.47, 95% CI = 13.04 - 13.91), and bipolar disorder (OR = 2.65, 95% CI = 2.44 - 2.88) had higher odds of suicide. Risk factors for homicide include African Americans (OR = 4.15, 95% CI = 4.08 - 4.23), Latinx (OR = 2.31, 95% CI = 2.26 - 2.37), people aged 25 years and younger, and those with lower educational attainment. CONCLUSION This study highlights the changing demographic pattern in suicides and homicides in the United States and the need for targeted public health responses. Means restriction, universal suicide screening, addressing mental health stigma, and implementing broad interventions that modify societal attitudes toward suicide and homicides are essential components of a comprehensive strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Temitope Ogundare
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, USA
| | | | - Brandon Hartmann
- Medicine and Surgery, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, USA
| | - Eunice Odusanya
- Medicine and Surgery, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, USA
| | | | - Kakra Hughes
- Surgery, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, USA
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Xu L, Liu C, Liu Q, Wang X, Yang Z, Liang M, Liu Z. A special type of homicide-suicide: A retrospective study of the characteristics of extended suicide. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LAW AND PSYCHIATRY 2024; 94:101987. [PMID: 38663173 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijlp.2024.101987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Extended suicide, a specific type of homicide-suicide event, has severe social consequences yet remains lacking systematic research. This retrospective study investigated 51 cases of extended suicide involving mental disorders in central China with aim of better understanding risk factors for such events and guiding prevention strategies. Over an 8-year period from 2015 to 2022, cases were collected from forensic institutions, and demographic characteristics, case details, and psychiatric data were recorded. The 51 incidents involved 51 perpetrators and 79 victims, with more female perpetrators (58.8%) and more female victims (54.4%). The average age of the perpetrators was 36.1, and most were married (88.2%). Almost all of the victims were family members of the perpetrator, like the most numerous children (64.6%), followed by spouses (24.1%). The most common homicide mode of death was mechanical asphyxia (38.0%), followed by sharp devices (36.7%) and drug poisoning (16.5%). Depressive disorders (76.5%) were the most common diagnosis of mental disorder for perpetrators. The study analyzed the unique characteristics of extended suicide to enrich such data. These findings help strengthen the screening and identification of potential perpetrators and victims to prevent such cases from occurring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Xu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Quan Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of the Forensic Science (Hubei University of Police), Wuhan 430035, China
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ziqian Yang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Man Liang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Zilong Liu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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Dempsey RC, Dodd AL, Gooding PA, Jones SH. The Types of Psychosocial Factors Associated with Suicidality Outcomes for People Living with Bipolar Disorder: A Scoping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:525. [PMID: 38791740 PMCID: PMC11120682 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21050525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Bipolar Disorder is associated with high rates of suicidal thoughts, behaviors, and outcomes, yet the lived experience of suicidality and Bipolar Disorder is not particularly well understood. Understanding the role of psychosocial aetiologies in suicidality outcomes for those living with Bipolar Disorder is key for developing appropriately targeted interventions focusing on factors that are amenable to change. In line with PRISMA guidance, we conducted a scoping review to identify the types of psychosocial factors studied in relation to the experience of suicidality for people living with Bipolar Disorder diagnoses. Systematic literature searches identified a sample of 166 articles from which key study data were extracted and charted. A narrative synthesis of the reviewed literature is presented ordered by the factors investigated across studies, a frequency count of the types of psychological/social aetiologies studied, and a brief overview of the key findings for each aetiology. Most of the identified literature took the form of quantitative cross-sectional studies, with only one qualitative study and 18 quantitative prospective studies. The most studied aetiologies were trauma (specifically early adverse experiences and childhood traumas) and stressful life events, impulsivity (primarily subjective self-reported trait impulsivity), social support and functioning, and personality/temperament factors. Only six studies in the final sample reported basing their research questions and/or hypotheses on an explicit theoretical model of suicide. The literature was primarily focused on using self-report measurements of key aetiologies and on factors which lead to worsened suicidality rather than focusing on potentially protective or buffering factors. Future research needs to better justify the aetiologies investigated in relation to suicidality outcomes for people living with Bipolar Disorder, including a firmer basis in theory and hypothesis testing, more prospective designs, and the use of alternative assessments of psychosocial aetiologies in addition to self-report questionnaires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C. Dempsey
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Education, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M15 6BH, UK
| | - Alyson L. Dodd
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Patricia A. Gooding
- Division of Psychology & Mental Health, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Steven H. Jones
- Spectrum Centre for Mental Health Research, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, UK
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Oltvolgyi CG, Meurk C, Heffernan E. Suicide and suicidality in Australian Defence Force veterans: A systematic scoping review. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2024:48674241246443. [PMID: 38650320 DOI: 10.1177/00048674241246443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increased suicidality and suicide deaths among veterans of the Australian Defence Force have gained recent prominence. A systematic scoping review was conducted to identify, summarise and synthesise the existing literature relating to Australian veteran suicide and suicidality, with the objective of identifying future research priorities. METHODS We conducted a PRISMA-compliant systematic search on PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase and CINAHL databases for all manuscripts reporting primary data on suicide and suicidality in Australian veterans. The search was supplemented by grey literature and a search of reference lists. Manuscripts of any study type, published in the English language since the Vietnam era, were eligible for inclusion. RESULTS A total of 26 articles and reports, utilising a variety of mostly quantitative approaches, were included in the review. Findings, especially in larger and more recent studies, indicate increased suicidality in the veteran population. Suicide deaths appeared to increase with transition out of the military. Mental illness was identified as an important risk factor for suicide and suicidality. Current service was identified as a protective factor against suicide. There was mixed evidence regarding the impact of operational deployment on suicide and suicidality. CONCLUSIONS Gaps were identified in relation to the relative contributions to risk from transition, the various psychosocial correlates (for example, relationships, finances, employment), pre-service factors and the extent to which these are causal or mediating in nature. A better understanding of health service utilisation would also aid in targeting preventive efforts. Future research in these areas is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csongor G Oltvolgyi
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Wacol, QLD, Australia
| | - Carla Meurk
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Wacol, QLD, Australia
| | - Ed Heffernan
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Wacol, QLD, Australia
- Queensland Forensic Mental Health Service, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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45
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Liu XQ, Wang X. Adolescent suicide risk factors and the integration of social-emotional skills in school-based prevention programs. World J Psychiatry 2024; 14:494-506. [PMID: 38659598 PMCID: PMC11036461 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v14.i4.494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Adolescents are considered one of the most vulnerable groups affected by suicide. Rapid changes in adolescents' physical and mental states, as well as in their lives, significantly and undeniably increase the risk of suicide. Psychological, social, family, individual, and environmental factors are important risk factors for suicidal behavior among teenagers and may contribute to suicide risk through various direct, indirect, or combined pathways. Social-emotional learning is considered a powerful intervention measure for addressing the crisis of adolescent suicide. When deliberately cultivated, fostered, and enhanced, self-awareness, self-management, social awareness, interpersonal skills, and responsible decision-making, as the five core competencies of social-emotional learning, can be used to effectively target various risk factors for adolescent suicide and provide necessary mental and interpersonal support. Among numerous suicide intervention methods, school-based interventions based on social-emotional competence have shown great potential in preventing and addressing suicide risk factors in adolescents. The characteristics of school-based interventions based on social-emotional competence, including their appropriateness, necessity, cost-effectiveness, comprehensiveness, and effectiveness, make these interventions an important means of addressing the crisis of adolescent suicide. To further determine the potential of school-based interventions based on social-emotional competence and better address the issue of adolescent suicide, additional financial support should be provided, the combination of social-emotional learning and other suicide prevention programs within schools should be fully leveraged, and cooperation between schools and families, society, and other environments should be maximized. These efforts should be considered future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Qiao Liu
- School of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
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Matsumoto R, Motomura E, Okada M. Impacts of Working Hours, Wages, and Regular Employment Opportunity on Suicide Mortalities of Employed and Unemployed Individuals before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Japan. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:499. [PMID: 38673410 PMCID: PMC11050676 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21040499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Standardized suicide mortality rates per 100,000 population (SMRs) in Japan consistently decreased from 2009-2019, but these decreasing trends were reversed to increase in 2020. To clarify the mechanisms of recent increasing suicide in Japan, temporal fluctuations of SMRs disaggregated by sex and employment status (employed and unemployed individuals) and labor indices such as working hours, wages, and regular employment opportunity index (REO) from January 2012 to June 2023 were analyzed using interrupted time-series analysis. Additionally, temporal causalities from labor indices to SMRs were analyzed using vector autoregressive and non-linear auto-regressive distributed lag analyses. Decreasing trends among employed SMRs of both sexes were attenuated after the enactment of the "Work Style Reform Program" in 2018, but male SMRs were unaffected by the COVID-19 pandemic. However, female employed SMRs sharply increased, synchronized with the "Work Style Reform Act" and the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak (the COVID-19 impact was greater than the "Work Style Reform Act"). Additionally, unemployed SMRs of both sexes sharply increased with the revision and scale-down of countermeasures against economic deterioration caused by COVID-19 ("revision of economic supportive countermeasures against economic deterioration caused by COVID-19"). Unexpectedly, after enacting the "Work Style Reform Act", wages decreased due to possibly decreasing working hours. Increasing REO, which consistently increased, was a protective factor for male suicides, but unemployed SMRs were not affected by any labor indices. It has been established that controlling a heavy workload plays an important role in suppressing the deterioration of physical and mental conditions, including suicide; however, this study suggested that, at least within appropriate ranges of working hours, decreasing working hours due to excessive management probably contributes to increasing suicides of some vulnerable individuals via de-creasing their wages. Although governmental welfare and economic support measures had to be revised according to rapidly changing situations during the COVID-19 pandemic, this study also suggested that temporal gaps among a part of revisions of several welfare and economic support measures were unexpectedly involved in drastically/sharply increasing suicides of unemployed individuals in 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Motohiro Okada
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Division of Neuroscience, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University, Tsu 514-8507, Japan; (R.M.); (E.M.)
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Adoboi F, Mohammed A, Duodu PA, Aboagye RG, Seidu AA, Wongnaah FG, Ahinkorah BO. Sex-related inequalities in crude and age-standardized suicide rates: trends in Ghana from 2000 to 2019. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1070. [PMID: 38632578 PMCID: PMC11022425 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18516-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide represents a major public health concern, affecting a significant portion of individuals. However, there remains a gap in understanding the age and sex disparities in the occurrence of suicide. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the sex-related inequalities in suicide rates in Ghana from 2000 to 2019. METHODS We utilized data from the WHO Health Equity Assessment Toolkit (HEAT) online software. We analysed sex differences in both crude and age-standardized suicide rates in Ghana spanning from 2000 to 2019. Crude and age-adjusted suicide rates were calculated based on the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) definition and coding of suicide mortality. We measured inequality in terms of sex. Two inequality indicators were used to examine the suicide rates: the difference (D) and the ratio (R). RESULTS Age-standardized and crude suicide rates in Ghana were higher among men from 2000 to 2019. Between 2000 and 2007, the age-standardized suicide rate for women rose steadily and declined slightly between 2008 and 2019. Age-standardized suicide rates for men increased consistently from 2000 to 2010, then declined steadily from 2011 to 2019. The crude suicide rates among men and women followed similar patterns. The widest absolute inequality in crude suicide rates (D) was recorded in 2013 (D=-11.91), while the smallest difference was observed in 2000 (D=-7.16). We also found the greatest disparity in age-standardized rates in 2011 (D=-21.46) and the least in 2000 (D=-14.32). The crude suicide rates increased with age for both men and women aged 15-54 years and 55-85+ years respectively. However, the increased rate was higher in men than in women across all age groups surveyed. A similar pattern was observed for relative inequality in both crude and age-standardized rates of suicide. CONCLUSION The suicide rate in Ghana has declined over time. Suicide is more common among older men. Inequalities in suicide rates, in both absolute and relative terms, are similar. There is a need to monitor suicide trends in Ghana, especially among older men. Moreover, the findings could serve as a basis for future studies on suicide in Ghana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faustina Adoboi
- Cape Coast Nursing and Midwifery Training College, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Aliu Mohammed
- Department of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Precious Adade Duodu
- Department of Nursing, School of Human and Health Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield, England, UK
| | - Richard Gyan Aboagye
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, 2052, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
- Department of Family and Community Health, Fred N. Binka School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Hohoe, Ghana.
| | - Abdul-Aziz Seidu
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, 4811, Queensland, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Gender and Advocacy, Takoradi Technical University, Takoradi, P.O. Box 256, Ghana
- REMS Consultancy Services Limited, Sekondi-Takoradi, Western Region, Ghana
| | | | - Bright Opoku Ahinkorah
- REMS Consultancy Services Limited, Sekondi-Takoradi, Western Region, Ghana
- School of Clinical Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Stas P, Hoorelbeke K, De Jaegere E, Pauwels K, Portzky G. Suicide risk, related factors and the impact of COVID-19 amongst suicide prevention helpline callers: A network analysis. J Affect Disord 2024; 351:372-380. [PMID: 38302063 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic brought along many known risk factors for suicide. It is important to map out contributing and protective factors for suicide risk and examine possible changes in these associations during pandemics such as COVID-19. The current study aimed to examine how information on risk and protective factors obtained through a suicide prevention helpline is linked to the assessed suicide risk and the possible impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Data on 9474 calls registered by operators of the suicide prevention helpline of Flanders (i.e., part of Belgium) were analysed using network analysis. Using network analyses allowed for a data-driven examination of direct and indirect pathways through which risk and protective factors are associated to perceived suicide risk. The network before and during COVID-19 were compared to examine the possible impact of the pandemic. RESULTS Our findings suggest that different vulnerability and protective factors contribute to perceived suicide risk. Experiencing a break-up, abuse, previous attempt(s), experienced difficulties with the healthcare system and availability of resources were directly and uniquely associated with perceived suicide risk before and during COVID-19. LIMITATIONS Main limitations of this study are the possible bias of operator assessment accuracy, absence of several important psychological risk factors and the use of cross-sectional data. CONCLUSIONS The current study provides insight in the effect of COVID-19 on suicidality and its risk and protective factors amongst suicide prevention helpline users, a population with high risk of suicide. Implications for suicide prevention helplines are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Stas
- Flemish Centre of Expertise in Suicide Prevention, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Kristof Hoorelbeke
- Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eva De Jaegere
- Flemish Centre of Expertise in Suicide Prevention, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kirsten Pauwels
- Flemish Centre of Expertise in Suicide Prevention, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Suicide Prevention Centre, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gwendolyn Portzky
- Flemish Centre of Expertise in Suicide Prevention, Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Schulz P, Zapata I, Huzij T. Examination of medical student and physician attitudes towards suicide reveals need for required training. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1331208. [PMID: 38633234 PMCID: PMC11021567 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1331208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The attitudes of healthcare providers towards suicidal patients are known to influence their motivation to treat patients during a suicidal crisis. Patients who attempted suicide are more likely to have recently visited a primary care provider who is not necessarily sufficiently trained in managing a suicidal patient rather than a mental health provider who is trained to do so. For those reasons, documenting medical students and physicians' attitudes towards suicide can help in the development of effective intervention training to prepare them to manage these types of patients. In this mini review, attitudes towards suicidal patients, the effectiveness of training on changing their attitudes are discussed. In summary, primary care providers are recognized as a top area where improvements can prevent suicides; providing proper suicide prevention training can effectively improve attitudes and quality of care for suicidal patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulyna Schulz
- Rocky Vista University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Englewood, CO, United States
| | - Isain Zapata
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Rocky Vista University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Englewood, CO, United States
| | - Teodor Huzij
- Department of Osteopathic Principles and Practice, Rocky Vista University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Englewood, CO, United States
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Ward IL, Finning K, Ayoubkhani D, Hendry K, Sharland E, Appleby L, Nafilyan V. Sociodemographic inequalities of suicide: a population-based cohort study of adults in England and Wales 2011-21. Eur J Public Health 2024; 34:211-217. [PMID: 38326992 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckad233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The risk of suicide is complex and often a result of multiple interacting factors. Understanding which groups of the population are most at risk of suicide is important to inform the development of targeted public health interventions. METHODS We used a novel linked dataset that combined the 2011 Census with the population-level mortality data in England and Wales. We fitted generalized linear models with a Poisson link function to estimate the rates of suicide across different sociodemographic groups and to identify which characteristics are independent predictors of suicide. RESULTS Overall, the highest rates of suicide were among men aged 40-50 years, individuals who reported having a disability or long-term health problem, those who were unemployed long term or never had worked, and those who were single or separated. After adjusting for other characteristics such as employment status, having a disability or long-term health problem, was still found to increase the incidence of suicide relative to those without impairment [incidence rate ratio minimally adjusted (women) = 3.5, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 3.3-3.6; fully adjusted (women) 3.1, 95% CI = 3.0-3.3]. Additionally, while the absolute rate of suicide was lower in women compared with men, the relative risk in people reporting impairments compared with those who do not was higher in women compared with men. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this work provide novel population-level insights into the risk of suicide by sociodemographic characteristics in England and Wales. Our results highlight several sociodemographic groups who may benefit from more targeted suicide prevention policies and practices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Louis Appleby
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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