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Wang J, Ren J, Tu X, Yuan H, Ye Z, Wang X, Cui J, Wang J, Tang Y, Han P, Bai Y. ARNTL2 facilitates bladder cancer progression through potentiating ENO1-mediated glycolysis in a SLC31A1-independent and -dependent manner. Life Sci 2024; 355:122974. [PMID: 39147318 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Basic helix-loop-helix ARNT like 2 (ARNTL2) is a transcription factor that controls the circadian rhythm. Amounts of studies have demonstrated the carcinogenic function of ARNTL2 in human malignant tumors albeit the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. We aimed to study the significance of ARNTL2 in bladder cancer (BLCA). METHODS Immunohistochemical staining, immunoblotting and the database from TCGA were used to analyze the clinical relevance of ARNTL2, enolase 1 (ENO1) and solute carrier family 31 member 1 (SLC31A1) in BLCA. The function of ARNTL2 was explored by cell proliferation assay, apoptosis, colony formation and xenografted tumorigenesis. The molecular mechanisms of ARNTL2-driving BLCA development were investigated by RT-qPCR, immunoblotting and luciferase assays. Glycolysis was checked by measuring glucose consumption and lactate production. ENO1 activity was assessed by using indicated assay kit. RESULTS Overexpression of ARNTL2 facilitates the proliferation and tumorigenesis of BLCA cells through suppression of apoptosis and enhancement of glycolysis. Up-regulation of SLC31A1, ENO1, and enhancement of SLC31A1-mediated ENO1 activity were critical for ARNTL2-triggered glycolysis and malignant growth in BLCA cells. ARNTL2 was positively correlated with SLC31A1 and ENO1 in BLCA patients. High expression of ARNTL2, SLC31A1 or ENO1 predicted the poor prognosis of BLCA patients. Depletion of SLC31A1 and inhibition of glycolysis completely blunted the growth ability of BLCA cells. CONCLUSION In summary, ARNTL2 facilitates the progression of BLCA via activating ENO1-mediated glycolysis in a SLC31A1-independent and -dependent manner. Inhibiting SLC31A1 and glycolysis may be an aspirational approach for the treatment of BLCA patients with overexpression of ARNTL2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahao Wang
- Department of Urology/Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Junwei Ren
- Department of Urology/Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiang Tu
- Department of Urology/Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Haichao Yuan
- Department of Urology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhenyang Ye
- Department of Urology, West China Xiamen Hospital of Sichuan University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- Department of Urology/Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianwei Cui
- Department of Urology/Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Urology/Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yin Tang
- Department of Urology/Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Ping Han
- Department of Urology/Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yunjin Bai
- Department of Urology/Institute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Carrero L, Antequera D, Municio C, Carro E. Circadian rhythm disruption and retinal dysfunction: a bidirectional link in Alzheimer's disease? Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1967-1972. [PMID: 38227523 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.390962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction in circadian rhythms is a common occurrence in patients with Alzheimer's disease. A predominant function of the retina is circadian synchronization, carrying information to the brain through the retinohypothalamic tract, which projects to the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Notably, Alzheimer's disease hallmarks, including amyloid-β, are present in the retinas of Alzheimer's disease patients, followed/associated by structural and functional disturbances. However, the mechanistic link between circadian dysfunction and the pathological changes affecting the retina in Alzheimer's disease is not fully understood, although some studies point to the possibility that retinal dysfunction could be considered an early pathological process that directly modulates the circadian rhythm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Carrero
- Group of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre Research Institute (imas12), Madrid, Spain; Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- PhD Program in Neuroscience, Autonoma de Madrid University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Desireé Antequera
- Neurobiology of Alzheimer's Disease Unit, Functional Unit for Research into Chronic Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Network Centre for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Municio
- Group of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre Research Institute (imas12), Madrid, Spain; Network Center for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eva Carro
- Neurobiology of Alzheimer's Disease Unit, Functional Unit for Research into Chronic Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Network Centre for Biomedical Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
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3
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Vázquez-Lizarraga R, Mendoza-Viveros L, Cid-Castro C, Ruiz-Montoya S, Carreño-Vázquez E, Orozco-Solis R. Hypothalamic circuits and aging: keeping the circadian clock updated. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1919-1928. [PMID: 38227516 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.389624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past century, age-related diseases, such as cancer, type-2 diabetes, obesity, and mental illness, have shown a significant increase, negatively impacting overall quality of life. Studies on aged animal models have unveiled a progressive discoordination at multiple regulatory levels, including transcriptional, translational, and post-translational processes, resulting from cellular stress and circadian derangements. The circadian clock emerges as a key regulator, sustaining physiological homeostasis and promoting healthy aging through timely molecular coordination of pivotal cellular processes, such as stem-cell function, cellular stress responses, and inter-tissue communication, which become disrupted during aging. Given the crucial role of hypothalamic circuits in regulating organismal physiology, metabolic control, sleep homeostasis, and circadian rhythms, and their dependence on these processes, strategies aimed at enhancing hypothalamic and circadian function, including pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches, offer systemic benefits for healthy aging. Intranasal brain-directed drug administration represents a promising avenue for effectively targeting specific brain regions, like the hypothalamus, while reducing side effects associated with systemic drug delivery, thereby presenting new therapeutic possibilities for diverse age-related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucia Mendoza-Viveros
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), México City, México
- Centro de Investigacíon sobre el Envejecimiento, Centro de Investigacíon y de Estudios Avanzados (CIE-CINVESTAV), México City, México
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México UNAM, México City, México
| | - Carolina Cid-Castro
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), México City, México
- Centro de Investigacíon sobre el Envejecimiento, Centro de Investigacíon y de Estudios Avanzados (CIE-CINVESTAV), México City, México
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México UNAM, México City, México
| | | | | | - Ricardo Orozco-Solis
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), México City, México
- Centro de Investigacíon sobre el Envejecimiento, Centro de Investigacíon y de Estudios Avanzados (CIE-CINVESTAV), México City, México
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4
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Iranzo A, Cochen De Cock V, Fantini ML, Pérez-Carbonell L, Trotti LM. Sleep and sleep disorders in people with Parkinson's disease. Lancet Neurol 2024; 23:925-937. [PMID: 38942041 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(24)00170-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Sleep disorders are common in people with Parkinson's disease. These disorders, which increase in frequency throughout the course of the neurodegenerative disease and impair quality of life, include insomnia, excessive daytime sleepiness, circadian disorders, obstructive sleep apnoea, restless legs syndrome, and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behaviour disorder. The causes of these sleep disorders are complex and multifactorial, including the degeneration of the neural structures that modulate sleep, the detrimental effect of some medications on sleep, the parkinsonian symptoms that interfere with mobility and comfort in bed, and comorbidities that disrupt sleep quality and quantity. The clinical evaluation of sleep disorders include both subjective (eg, questionnaires or diaries) and objective (eg, actigraphy or video polysomnography) assessments. The management of patients with Parkinson's disease and a sleep disorder is challenging and should be individualised. Treatment can include education aiming at changes in behaviour (ie, sleep hygiene), cognitive behavioural therapy, continuous dopaminergic stimulation at night, and specific medications. REM sleep behaviour disorder can occur several years before the onset of parkinsonism, suggesting that the implementation of trials of neuroprotective therapies should focus on people with this sleep disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Iranzo
- Sleep Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; IDIBAPS, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERNED, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Valerie Cochen De Cock
- Sleep and Neurology Department, Beau Soleil Clinic, Montpellier, France; EuroMov Digital Health in Motion, University of Montpellier, IMT Mines Ales, Montpellier, France
| | - María Livia Fantini
- Neurophysiology Unit, Neurology Department, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Institut Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand University Hospital, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Laura Pérez-Carbonell
- Sleep Disorders Centre, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Lynn Marie Trotti
- Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA; Emory Sleep Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Deng Q, Li Y, Sun Z, Gao X, Zhou J, Ma G, Qu WM, Li R. Sleep disturbance in rodent models and its sex-specific implications. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 164:105810. [PMID: 39009293 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Sleep disturbances, encompassing altered sleep physiology or disorders like insomnia and sleep apnea, profoundly impact physiological functions and elevate disease risk. Despite extensive research, the underlying mechanisms and sex-specific differences in sleep disorders remain elusive. While polysomnography serves as a cornerstone for human sleep studies, animal models provide invaluable insights into sleep mechanisms. However, the availability of animal models of sleep disorders is limited, with each model often representing a specific sleep issue or mechanism. Therefore, selecting appropriate animal models for sleep research is critical. Given the significant sex differences in sleep patterns and disorders, incorporating both male and female subjects in studies is essential for uncovering sex-specific mechanisms with clinical relevance. This review provides a comprehensive overview of various rodent models of sleep disturbance, including sleep deprivation, sleep fragmentation, and circadian rhythm dysfunction. We evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of each model and discuss sex differences in sleep and sleep disorders, along with potential mechanisms. We aim to advance our understanding of sleep disorders and facilitate sex-specific interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Deng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhong Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zuoli Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi, China
| | | | - Guangwei Ma
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Min Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rena Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & National Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Ramaswamy M, Philip JL, Priya V, Priyadarshini S, Ramasamy M, Jeevitha G, Mathkor DM, Haque S, Dabaghzadeh F, Bhattacharya P, Ahmad F. Therapeutic use of music in neurological disorders: A concise narrative review. Heliyon 2024; 10:e35564. [PMID: 39220936 PMCID: PMC11365335 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e35564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Music elicits multifactorial benefits in emotional, social, cognitive, and academic aspects of human life. Music is clinically proven to reduce stress and anxiety, and improve mood and self-expression, particularly after traumatic events. Studies have also demonstrated that music promotes parasympathetic autonomic systems, suppresses hyperactivation of stress responses, and boosts immune functions. However, its ability to promote brain plasticity and signalling are only beginning to be realized. Moreover, its employment as a therapy for the treatment of specific aspects of other neurological disorders, including neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative conditions and their comorbidities, is fast becoming an interesting field of research. Objective The aim of this review is to summarize some of the recent studies focused on evaluating the applications of music therapy. For this purpose, we have focused on disorders encompassing both temporal extremities of brain developmental stages, from developmental conditions of autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), to ageing-related pathologies of Parkinson's disease and dementias. Results The findings of the reviewed studies indicate potent utilities of music-based interventions in beneficially affecting multiple spheres of brain functions, such as sensorimotor, auditory, communication/language, psychological/emotional, behavioural, sleep and memory and cognitive attributes of patients diagnosed with diverse neuropathologies. Nevertheless, lack of standardized protocols for music provision as well as absence of information regarding key aspects, such as cultural and musical orientations of subjects and therapists'/caregivers' attitudes, have hindered the complete realization of music's therapeutic potential for neurological conditions. Further, while some studies have undertaken assessments of core neurophysiological mechanisms underlying music therapy, this information is largely lacking for most clinical studies. Conclusion While this is not an exhaustive review of literature, we do hope that it serves as a platform to promote future research for establishing music therapy as a relevant neurotherapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medha Ramaswamy
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India
| | - Johann Laji Philip
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India
| | - Vijayan Priya
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India
| | - Snigdha Priyadarshini
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India
| | - Meenakshi Ramasamy
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India
| | - G.C. Jeevitha
- Department of Biosciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India
| | - Darin Mansor Mathkor
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, 1102 2801, Lebanon
- Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fatemeh Dabaghzadeh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Pratik Bhattacharya
- School of Architecture, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India
| | - Faraz Ahmad
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India
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Teglas T, Marcos AC, Torices S, Toborek M. Circadian control of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-induced dysregulation of endothelial tight junctions and mitochondrial bioenergetics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 952:175886. [PMID: 39218115 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.175886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
The study evaluates the impact of environmental toxicants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), on circadian regulations and functions of brain endothelial cells, which form the main structural element of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). PAH are lipophilic and highly toxic environmental pollutants that accumulate in human and animal tissues. Environmental factors related to climate change, such as an increase in frequency and intensity of wildfires or enhanced strength of hurricanes or tropical cyclones, may lead to redistribution of these toxicants and enhanced human exposure. These natural disasters are also associated with disruption of circadian rhythms in affected populations, linking increased exposure to environmental toxicants to alterations of circadian rhythm pathways. Several vital physiological processes are coordinated by circadian rhythms, and disruption of the circadian clock can contribute to the development of several diseases. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is crucial for protecting the brain from blood-borne harmful substances, and its integrity is influenced by circadian rhythms. Exposure of brain endothelial cells to a human and environmentally-relevant PAH mixture resulted in dose-dependent alterations of expression of critical circadian modulators, such as Clock, Bmal1, Cry1/2, and Per1/2. Moreover, silencing of the circadian Clock gene potentiated the impact of PAHs on the expression of the main tight junction genes and proteins (namely, claudin-5, occludin, JAM-2, and ZO-2), as well as mitochondrial bioenergetics. Findings from this study contribute to a better understanding of pathological influence of PAH-induced health effects, especially those related to circadian rhythm disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timea Teglas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 528E Gautier Bldg. 1011 NW 15th Street, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Anne Caroline Marcos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 528E Gautier Bldg. 1011 NW 15th Street, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Silvia Torices
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 528E Gautier Bldg. 1011 NW 15th Street, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Michal Toborek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 528E Gautier Bldg. 1011 NW 15th Street, Miami, FL 33136, USA; Institute of Physiotherapy and Health Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland.
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Lin F, Shi Y, Song W, Weng Y, Zou X, Chen X, Zheng J, Chen K, Ye Q, Wu X, Cai G. Daytime napping and the incidence of Parkinson's disease: a prospective cohort study with Mendelian randomization. BMC Med 2024; 22:326. [PMID: 39135019 PMCID: PMC11321229 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-024-03497-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The causal relationship between daytime napping and the risk of Parkinson's disease (PD) remains unclear, with prospective studies providing limited evidence. This study investigated the association between daytime napping frequency and duration and PD incidence and explored the causality relationship between this association by conducting Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. METHODS This prospective cohort study included 393,302 participants, and accelerometer-measured daytime napping data were available only for 78,141 individuals. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate the association between the daytime napping frequency and duration and the PD risk. The role of the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) in the association between daytime napping frequency and PD risk was assessed through mediation analyses. Moreover, the causal association between the daytime napping frequency and the PD risk was preliminarily explored by conducting two-sample MR analyses. RESULTS The median follow-up duration was 12.18 years. The participants who reported napping sometimes or usually exhibited a significantly higher PD risk than those who never/rarely napped during the day [sometimes: hazard ratio (HR), 1.13; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.03-1.23; usually: HR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.14-1.55], and SII played a mediating role in this association. However, the MR analyses did not indicate that the daytime napping frequency and PD risk were significantly associated. The participants napping for over 1 h exhibited a significantly elevated PD risk (HR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.11-2.16). Moreover, no significant interaction was identified between napping frequency or duration and genetic susceptibility to PD (P for interaction > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In this study, increased daytime napping frequency and duration were associated with an increased PD risk, but no causal relationship was observed between napping frequency and PD risk in the MR analysis. Larger GWAS-based cohort studies and MR studies are warranted to explore potential causal relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabin Lin
- Department of Neurology, Center for Cognitive Neurology, Institute of Clinical Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, China
- Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, 88 Jiaotong Road, Fuzhou, 350001, China
- Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Yisen Shi
- Department of Neurology, Center for Cognitive Neurology, Institute of Clinical Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, China
- Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, 88 Jiaotong Road, Fuzhou, 350001, China
- Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Wenjing Song
- Department of Neurology, Center for Cognitive Neurology, Institute of Clinical Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, China
- Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, 88 Jiaotong Road, Fuzhou, 350001, China
- Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Yanhong Weng
- Department of Neurology, Center for Cognitive Neurology, Institute of Clinical Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, China
- Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, 88 Jiaotong Road, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Xinyang Zou
- Department of Neurology, Center for Cognitive Neurology, Institute of Clinical Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, China
- Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Xuanjie Chen
- Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Jiayi Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Center for Cognitive Neurology, Institute of Clinical Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, China
- Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, 88 Jiaotong Road, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Ke Chen
- Department of Neurology, Center for Cognitive Neurology, Institute of Clinical Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, China
- Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, 88 Jiaotong Road, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Qinyong Ye
- Department of Neurology, Center for Cognitive Neurology, Institute of Clinical Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
- Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, 88 Jiaotong Road, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
| | - Xilin Wu
- Department of Neurology, Center for Cognitive Neurology, Institute of Clinical Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
- Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, 88 Jiaotong Road, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
| | - Guoen Cai
- Department of Neurology, Center for Cognitive Neurology, Institute of Clinical Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
- Fujian Institute of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Fujian Medical University, 88 Jiaotong Road, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
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Duan X, Liu H, Hu X, Yu Q, Kuang G, Liu L, Zhang S, Wang X, Li J, Yu D, Huang J, Wang T, Lin Z, Xiong N. Insomnia in Parkinson's Disease: Causes, Consequences, and Therapeutic Approaches. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04400-4. [PMID: 39103716 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04400-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
Sleep disorders represent prevalent non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD), affecting over 90% of the PD population. Insomnia, characterized by difficulties in initiating and maintaining sleep, emerges as the most frequently reported sleep disorder in PD, with prevalence rates reported from 27 to 80% across studies. Insomnia not only significantly impacts the quality of life of PD patients but is also associated with cognitive impairment, motor disabilities, and emotional deterioration. This comprehensive review aims to delve into the mechanisms underlying insomnia in PD, including neurodegenerative changes, basal ganglia beta oscillations, and circadian rhythms, to gain insights into the neural pathways involved. Additionally, the review explores the risk factors and comorbidities associated with insomnia in PD, providing valuable insights into its management. Special attention is given to the challenges faced by healthcare providers in delivering care to PD patients and the impact of caregiving roles on patients' quality of life. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive understanding of insomnia in PD and highlights the importance of addressing this common sleep disorder in PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Duan
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
- Duke Kunshan University, No. 8 Duke Avenue, Kunshan, 215316, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hanshu Liu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xinyu Hu
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Qinwei Yu
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan Red Cross Hospital, 392 Hongkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Guiying Kuang
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan Red Cross Hospital, 392 Hongkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Long Liu
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan Red Cross Hospital, 392 Hongkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shurui Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Jingwen Li
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Danfang Yu
- Department of Neurology, Wuhan Red Cross Hospital, 392 Hongkong Road, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jinsha Huang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Zhicheng Lin
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurogenomics, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA
| | - Nian Xiong
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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10
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Liang X, Liang X, Zhao Y, Ding Y, Zhu X, Zhou J, Qiu J, Shen X, Xie W. Dysregulation of the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus Disturbs the Circadian Rhythm and Aggravates Epileptic Seizures by Inducing Hippocampal GABAergic Dysfunction in C57BL/6 Mice. J Pineal Res 2024; 76:e12993. [PMID: 39054842 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
The interplay between circadian rhythms and epilepsy has gained increasing attention. The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), which acts as the master circadian pacemaker, regulates physiological and behavioral rhythms through its complex neural networks. However, the exact role of the SCN and its Bmal1 gene in the development of epilepsy remains unclear. In this study, we utilized a lithium-pilocarpine model to induce epilepsy in mice and simulated circadian disturbances by creating lesions in the SCN and specifically knocking out the Bmal1 gene in the SCN neurons. We observed that the pilocarpine-induced epileptic mice experienced increased daytime seizure frequency, irregular oscillations in core body temperature, and circadian gene alterations in both the SCN and the hippocampus. Additionally, there was enhanced activation of GABAergic projections from the SCN to the hippocampus. Notably, SCN lesions intensified seizure activity, concomitant with hippocampal neuronal damage and GABAergic signaling impairment. Further analyses using the Gene Expression Omnibus database and gene set enrichment analysis indicated reduced Bmal1 expression in patients with medial temporal lobe epilepsy, potentially affecting GABA receptor pathways. Targeted deletion of Bmal1 in SCN neurons exacerbated seizures and pathology in epilepsy, as well as diminished hippocampal GABAergic efficacy. These results underscore the crucial role of the SCN in modulating circadian rhythms and GABAergic function in the hippocampus, aggravating the severity of seizures. This study provides significant insights into how circadian rhythm disturbances can influence neuronal dysfunction and epilepsy, highlighting the therapeutic potential of targeting SCN and the Bmal1 gene within it in epilepsy management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshan Liang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaotao Liang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunyan Zhao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Afflliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuewen Ding
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jieli Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Qiu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqin Shen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Xie
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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11
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Maddaloni G, Chang YJ, Senft RA, Dymecki SM. Adaptation to photoperiod via dynamic neurotransmitter segregation. Nature 2024; 632:147-156. [PMID: 39020173 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07692-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Changes in the amount of daylight (photoperiod) alter physiology and behaviour1,2. Adaptive responses to seasonal photoperiods are vital to all organisms-dysregulation associates with disease, including affective disorders3 and metabolic syndromes4. The circadian rhythm circuitry is implicated in such responses5,6, yet little is known about the precise cellular substrates that underlie phase synchronization to photoperiod change. Here we identify a brain circuit and system of axon branch-specific and reversible neurotransmitter deployment that are critical for behavioural and sleep adaptation to photoperiod. A type of neuron called mrEn1-Pet17 in the mouse brainstem median raphe nucleus segregates serotonin from VGLUT3 (also known as SLC17A8, a proxy for glutamate) to different axonal branches that innervate specific brain regions involved in circadian rhythm and sleep-wake timing8,9. This branch-specific neurotransmitter deployment did not distinguish between daylight and dark phase; however, it reorganized with change in photoperiod. Axonal boutons, but not cell soma, changed neurochemical phenotype upon a shift away from equinox light/dark conditions, and these changes were reversed upon return to equinox conditions. When we genetically disabled Vglut3 in mrEn1-Pet1 neurons, sleep-wake periods, voluntary activity and clock gene expression did not synchronize to the new photoperiod or were delayed. Combining intersectional rabies virus tracing and projection-specific neuronal silencing, we delineated a preoptic area-to-mrEn1Pet1 connection that was responsible for decoding the photoperiodic inputs, driving the neurotransmitter reorganization and promoting behavioural synchronization. Our results reveal a brain circuit and periodic, branch-specific neurotransmitter deployment that regulates organismal adaptation to photoperiod change.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Maddaloni
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Y J Chang
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - R A Senft
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S M Dymecki
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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12
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Canever JB, Queiroz LY, Soares ES, de Avelar NCP, Cimarosti HI. Circadian rhythm alterations affecting the pathology of neurodegenerative diseases. J Neurochem 2024; 168:1475-1489. [PMID: 37358003 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
The circadian rhythm is a nearly 24-h oscillation found in various physiological processes in the human brain and body that is regulated by environmental and genetic factors. It is responsible for maintaining body homeostasis and it is critical for essential functions, such as metabolic regulation and memory consolidation. Dysregulation in the circadian rhythm can negatively impact human health, resulting in cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, psychiatric disorders, and premature death. Emerging evidence points to a relationship between the dysregulation circadian rhythm and neurodegenerative diseases, suggesting that the alterations in circadian function might play crucial roles in the pathogenesis and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Better understanding this association is of paramount importance to expand the knowledge on the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases, as well as, to provide potential targets for the development of new interventions based on the dysregulation of circadian rhythm. Here we review the latest findings on dysregulation of circadian rhythm alterations in Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, spinocerebellar ataxia and multiple-system atrophy, focusing on research published in the last 3 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaquelini Betta Canever
- Postgraduate Program of Neuroscience, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Letícia Yoshitome Queiroz
- Postgraduate Program of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Ericks Sousa Soares
- Postgraduate Program of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Núbia Carelli Pereira de Avelar
- Laboratory of Aging, Resources and Rheumatology, Department of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Araranguá, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Helena Iturvides Cimarosti
- Postgraduate Program of Neuroscience, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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13
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Saurabh S, Meier RJ, Pireva LM, Mirza RA, Cavanaugh DJ. Overlapping Central Clock Network Circuitry Regulates Circadian Feeding and Activity Rhythms in Drosophila. J Biol Rhythms 2024:7487304241263734. [PMID: 39066485 DOI: 10.1177/07487304241263734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
The circadian system coordinates multiple behavioral outputs to ensure proper temporal organization. Timing information underlying circadian regulation of behavior depends on a molecular circadian clock that operates within clock neurons in the brain. In Drosophila and other organisms, clock neurons can be divided into several molecularly and functionally discrete subpopulations that form an interconnected central clock network. It is unknown how circadian signals are coherently generated by the clock network and transmitted across output circuits that connect clock cells to downstream neurons that regulate behavior. Here, we have exhaustively investigated the contribution of clock neuron subsets to the control of two prominent behavioral outputs in Drosophila: locomotor activity and feeding. We have used cell-specific manipulations to eliminate molecular clock function or induce electrical silencing either broadly throughout the clock network or in specific subpopulations. We find that clock cell manipulations produce similar changes in locomotor activity and feeding, suggesting that overlapping central clock circuitry regulates these distinct behavioral outputs. Interestingly, the magnitude and nature of the effects depend on the clock subset targeted. Lateral clock neuron manipulations profoundly degrade the rhythmicity of feeding and activity. In contrast, dorsal clock neuron manipulations only subtly affect rhythmicity but produce pronounced changes in the distribution of activity and feeding across the day. These experiments expand our knowledge of clock regulation of activity rhythms and offer the first extensive characterization of central clock control of feeding rhythms. Despite similar effects of central clock cell disruptions on activity and feeding, we find that manipulations that prevent functional signaling in an identified output circuit preferentially degrade locomotor activity rhythms, leaving feeding rhythms relatively intact. This demonstrates that activity and feeding are indeed dissociable behaviors, and furthermore suggests that differential circadian control of these behaviors diverges in output circuits downstream of the clock network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Saurabh
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ruth J Meier
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Liliya M Pireva
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Rabab A Mirza
- Department of Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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14
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Qiu CZ, Zhou R, Zhang HY, Zhang L, Yin ZJ, Ren DL. Histone lactylation-ROS loop contributes to light exposure-exacerbated neutrophil recruitment in zebrafish. Commun Biol 2024; 7:887. [PMID: 39033200 PMCID: PMC11271584 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06543-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Light serves as a crucial external zeitgeber for maintaining and restoring physiological homeostasis in most organisms. Disrupting of light rhythms often leads to abnormal immune function, characterized by excessive inflammatory responses. However, the underlying regulatory mechanisms behind this phenomenon remain unclear. To address this concern, we use in vivo imaging to establish inflammation models in zebrafish, allowing us to investigate the effects and underlying mechanisms of light disruption on neutrophil recruitment. Our findings reveal that under sustained light conditions (LL), neutrophil recruitment in response to caudal fin injury and otic vesicle inflammation is significantly increased. This is accompanied by elevated levels of histone (H3K18) lactylation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) content. Through ChIP-sequencing and ChIP‒qPCR analysis, we discover that H3K18 lactylation regulates the transcriptional activation of the duox gene, leading to ROS production. In turn, ROS further promote H3K18 lactylation, forming a positive feedback loop. This loop, driven by H3K18 lactylation-ROS, ultimately results in the over recruitment of neutrophils to inflammatory sites in LL conditions. Collectively, our study provides evidence of a mutual loop between histone lactylation and ROS, exacerbating neutrophil recruitment in light disorder conditions, emphasizing the significance of maintaining a proper light-dark cycle to optimize immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Zeng Qiu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Ren Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Hao-Yi Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Zong-Jun Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
| | - Da-Long Ren
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
- School of Life Science, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
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15
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Sadek KM, Shib NA, Taher ES, Rashed F, Shukry M, Atia GA, Taymour N, El-Nablaway M, Ibrahim AM, Ramadan MM, Abdelkader A, Abdo M, Imbrea I, Pet E, Ali LS, Abdeen A. Harnessing the power of bee venom for therapeutic and regenerative medical applications: an updated review. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1412245. [PMID: 39092234 PMCID: PMC11291246 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1412245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Honeybees have been helpful insects since ancient centuries, and this benefit is not limited to being a honey producer only. After the bee stings a person, pain, and swelling occur in this place, due to the effects of bee venom (BV). This is not a poison in the total sense of the word because it has many benefits, and this is due to its composition being rich in proteins, peptides, enzymes, and other types of molecules in low concentrations that show promise in the treatment of numerous diseases and conditions. BV has also demonstrated positive effects against various cancers, antimicrobial activity, and wound healing versus the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Even though topical BV therapy is used to varying degrees among countries, localized swelling or itching are common side effects that may occur in some patients. This review provides an in-depth analysis of the complex chemical composition of BV, highlighting the diverse range of bioactive compounds and their therapeutic applications, which extend beyond the well-known anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving effects, showcasing the versatility of BV in modern medicine. A specific search strategy was followed across various databases; Web of sciences, Scopus, Medline, and Google Scholar including in vitro and in vivo clinical studies.to outline an overview of BV composition, methods to use, preparation requirements, and Individual consumption contraindications. Furthermore, this review addresses safety concerns and emerging approaches, such as the use of nanoparticles, to mitigate adverse effects, demonstrating a balanced and holistic perspective. Importantly, the review also incorporates historical context and traditional uses, as well as a unique focus on veterinary applications, setting it apart from previous works and providing a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadry M. Sadek
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Naira A. Shib
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Ehab S. Taher
- Department of Basic Medical and Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Zarqa University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Fatema Rashed
- Department of Basic Medical and Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Zarqa University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Mustafa Shukry
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Gamal A. Atia
- Department of Oral Medicine, Periodontology, and Diagnosis, Faculty of Dentistry, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Noha Taymour
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad El-Nablaway
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Ateya M. Ibrahim
- Department of Administration and Nursing Education, College of Nursing, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Family and Community Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Port Said University, Port Said, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M. Ramadan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Afaf Abdelkader
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdo
- Department of Animal Histology and Anatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Egypt
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Ilinca Imbrea
- Department of Forestry, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Technologies, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” from Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Elena Pet
- Department of Management and Rural Development, Faculty of Management and Rural Tourism, University of Life Sciences “King Mihai I” from Timisoara, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Lashin S. Ali
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Ahmed Abdeen
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Toukh, Egypt
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16
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Semenova EI, Rudenok MM, Rybolovlev IN, Shulskaya MV, Lukashevich MV, Partevian SA, Budko AI, Nesterov MS, Abaimov DA, Slominsky PA, Shadrina MI, Alieva AK. Effects of Age and MPTP-Induced Parkinson's Disease on the Expression of Genes Associated with the Regulation of the Sleep-Wake Cycle in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7721. [PMID: 39062963 PMCID: PMC11276692 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by a long prodromal period, during which patients often have sleep disturbances. The histaminergic system and circadian rhythms play an important role in the regulation of the sleep-wake cycle. Changes in the functioning of these systems may be involved in the pathogenesis of early stages of PD and may be age-dependent. Here, we have analyzed changes in the expression of genes associated with the regulation of the sleep-wake cycle (Hnmt, Hrh1, Hrh3, Per1, Per2, and Chrm3) in the substantia nigra (SN) and striatum of normal male mice of different ages, as well as in young and adult male mice with an MPTP-induced model of the early symptomatic stage (ESS) of PD. Age-dependent expression analysis in normal mouse brain tissue revealed changes in Hrh3, Per1, Per2, and Chrm3 genes in adult mice relative to young mice. When gene expression was examined in mice with the MPTP-induced model of the ESS of PD, changes in the expression of all studied genes were found only in the SN of adult mice with the ESS model of PD. These data suggest that age is a significant factor influencing changes in the expression of genes associated with sleep-wake cycle regulation in the development of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina I. Semenova
- National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, 2 Kurchatova Sq., 123182 Moscow, Russia; (M.M.R.); (I.N.R.); (M.V.S.); (M.V.L.); (S.A.P.); (A.I.B.); (P.A.S.); (M.I.S.); (A.K.A.)
| | - Margarita M. Rudenok
- National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, 2 Kurchatova Sq., 123182 Moscow, Russia; (M.M.R.); (I.N.R.); (M.V.S.); (M.V.L.); (S.A.P.); (A.I.B.); (P.A.S.); (M.I.S.); (A.K.A.)
| | - Ivan N. Rybolovlev
- National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, 2 Kurchatova Sq., 123182 Moscow, Russia; (M.M.R.); (I.N.R.); (M.V.S.); (M.V.L.); (S.A.P.); (A.I.B.); (P.A.S.); (M.I.S.); (A.K.A.)
| | - Marina V. Shulskaya
- National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, 2 Kurchatova Sq., 123182 Moscow, Russia; (M.M.R.); (I.N.R.); (M.V.S.); (M.V.L.); (S.A.P.); (A.I.B.); (P.A.S.); (M.I.S.); (A.K.A.)
| | - Maria V. Lukashevich
- National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, 2 Kurchatova Sq., 123182 Moscow, Russia; (M.M.R.); (I.N.R.); (M.V.S.); (M.V.L.); (S.A.P.); (A.I.B.); (P.A.S.); (M.I.S.); (A.K.A.)
| | - Suzanna A. Partevian
- National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, 2 Kurchatova Sq., 123182 Moscow, Russia; (M.M.R.); (I.N.R.); (M.V.S.); (M.V.L.); (S.A.P.); (A.I.B.); (P.A.S.); (M.I.S.); (A.K.A.)
| | - Alexander I. Budko
- National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, 2 Kurchatova Sq., 123182 Moscow, Russia; (M.M.R.); (I.N.R.); (M.V.S.); (M.V.L.); (S.A.P.); (A.I.B.); (P.A.S.); (M.I.S.); (A.K.A.)
| | - Maxim S. Nesterov
- Scientific Center for Biomedical Technologies of the Federal Biomedical Agency of Russia, 119435 Krasnogorsk, Russia;
| | - Denis A. Abaimov
- Research Center of Neurology, Volokolamskoye Shosse 80, 125367 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Petr A. Slominsky
- National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, 2 Kurchatova Sq., 123182 Moscow, Russia; (M.M.R.); (I.N.R.); (M.V.S.); (M.V.L.); (S.A.P.); (A.I.B.); (P.A.S.); (M.I.S.); (A.K.A.)
| | - Maria I. Shadrina
- National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, 2 Kurchatova Sq., 123182 Moscow, Russia; (M.M.R.); (I.N.R.); (M.V.S.); (M.V.L.); (S.A.P.); (A.I.B.); (P.A.S.); (M.I.S.); (A.K.A.)
| | - Anelya Kh. Alieva
- National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, 2 Kurchatova Sq., 123182 Moscow, Russia; (M.M.R.); (I.N.R.); (M.V.S.); (M.V.L.); (S.A.P.); (A.I.B.); (P.A.S.); (M.I.S.); (A.K.A.)
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17
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Wang L, Bao Y, Duan X, Li H, Ding H, Yu F, Yang J, Hu Y, Huang D. A diagnostic model for Parkinson's disease based on circadian rhythm-related genes. J Transl Med 2024; 22:635. [PMID: 38978048 PMCID: PMC11229228 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05424-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circadian rhythm (CR) disturbance is intricately associated with Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the involvement of CR-related mechanisms in the pathogenesis and progression of PD remains elusive. METHODS A total of 141 PD patients and 113 healthy participants completed CR-related clinical examinations in this study. To further investigate the CR-related mechanisms in PD, we obtained datasets (GSE7621, GSE20141, GSE20292) from the Gene Expression Omnibus database to identify differentially expressed genes between PD patients and healthy controls and further selected CR-related genes (CRRGs). Subsequently, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) followed by logistic algorithms were employed to identify the hub genes and construct a diagnostic model. The predictive performance was evaluated by area under the curve (AUC), calibration curve, and decision curve analyses in the training set and external validation sets. Finally, RT‒qPCR and Western blotting were conducted to verify the expression of these hub genes in blood samples. In addition, Pearson correlation analysis was utilized to validate the association between expression of hub genes and circadian rhythm function. RESULTS Our clinical observational study revealed that even early-stage PD patients exhibited a higher likelihood of experiencing sleep disturbances, nocturnal hypertension, reverse-dipper blood pressure, and reduced heart rate variability compared to healthy controls. Furthermore, 4 CR-related hub genes (AGTR1, CALR, BRM14, and XPA) were identified and subsequently incorporated as candidate biomarkers to construct a diagnostic model. The model showed satisfactory diagnostic performance in the training set (AUC = 0.941), an external validation set GSE20295 (AUC = 0.842), and our clinical centre set (AUC = 0.805). Additionally, the up-regulation of CALR, BRM14 and the down-regulation of AGTR1, XPA were associated with circadian rhythm disruption. CONCLUSION CR disturbance seems to occur in the early stage of PD. The diagnostic model based on CR-related genes demonstrated robust diagnostic efficacy, offering novel insights for future clinical diagnosis of PD and providing a foundation for further exploration into the role of CR-related mechanisms in the progression of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lufeng Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yiwen Bao
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xiaofan Duan
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Hongxia Li
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Hao Ding
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Baoshan Luodian Hospital, Shanghai, 201908, China
| | - Fei Yu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yongbo Hu
- Department of Neurology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Dongya Huang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
- School Med, Tongji University, East Hospital, No. 150 Jimo Road, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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18
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Mazahir F, Alam MI, Yadav AK. Development of nanomedicines for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: Raison d'être, strategies, challenges and regulatory aspects. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 98:102318. [PMID: 38705362 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive loss of memory. Presently, AD is challenging to treat with current drug therapy as their delivery to the brain is restricted by the presence of the blood-brain barrier. Nanomedicines, due to their size, high surface volume ratio, and ease of tailoring drug release characteristics, showed their potential to treat AD. The nanotechnology-based formulations for brain targeting are expected to enter the market in the near future. So, regulatory frameworks are required to ensure the quality, safety, and effectiveness of the nanomedicines to treat AD. In this review, we discuss different strategies, in-vitro blood-brain permeation models, in-vivo permeation assessment, and regulatory aspects for the development of nanomedicine to treat AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhan Mazahir
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli, India
| | - Md Imtiyaz Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli, India
| | - Awesh Kumar Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli, India.
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19
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Davinelli S, Medoro A, Savino R, Scapagnini G. Sleep and Oxidative Stress: Current Perspectives on the Role of NRF2. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2024; 44:52. [PMID: 38916679 PMCID: PMC11199221 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-024-01487-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Sleep is a fundamental conserved physiological state across evolution, suggesting vital biological functions that are yet to be fully clarified. However, our understanding of the neural and molecular basis of sleep regulation has increased rapidly in recent years. Among various processes implicated in controlling sleep homeostasis, a bidirectional relationship between sleep and oxidative stress has recently emerged. One proposed function of sleep may be the mitigation of oxidative stress in both brain and peripheral tissues, contributing to the clearance of reactive species that accumulate during wakefulness. Conversely, reactive species, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), at physiological levels, may act as signaling agents to regulate redox-sensitive transcriptional factors, enzymes, and other effectors involved in the regulation of sleep. As a primary sensor of intracellular oxidation, the transcription factor NRF2 is emerging as an indispensable component to maintain cellular redox homeostasis during sleep. Indeed, a number of studies have revealed an association between NRF2 dysfunction and the most common sleep conditions, including sleep loss, obstructive sleep apnea, and circadian sleep disturbances. This review examines the evidence of the intricate link between oxidative stress and NRF2 function in the context of sleep, and highlights the potential of NRF2 modulators to alleviate sleep disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Davinelli
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Via F. De Sanctis, s.n.c., 86100, Campobasso, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Medoro
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Via F. De Sanctis, s.n.c., 86100, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Rosa Savino
- Department of Woman and Child, Neuropsychiatry for Child and Adolescent Unit, General Hospital "Riuniti" of Foggia, Viale Pinto Luigi, 1, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Scapagnini
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences "V. Tiberio", University of Molise, Via F. De Sanctis, s.n.c., 86100, Campobasso, Italy
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20
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Steiner OL, de Zeeuw J. Melanopsin retinal ganglion cell function in Alzheimer's vs. Parkinson's disease an exploratory meta-analysis and review of pupillometry protocols. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2024; 123:106063. [PMID: 38443213 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2024.106063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurodegenerative diseases share retinal abnormalities. Chromatic pupillometry allows in vivo assessment of photoreceptor functional integrity, including melanopsin-expressing retinal ganglion cells. This exploratory meta-analysis assesses retinal photoreceptor functionality in Alzheimer's vs. Parkinson's disease and conducts an in-depth review of applied pupillometric protocols. METHODS Literature reviews on PubMed and Scopus from 1991 to August 2023 identified chromatic pupillometry studies on Alzheimer's disease (AD; n = 42 patients from 2 studies) and Parkinson's disease (PD; n = 66 from 3 studies). Additionally, a pre-AD study (n = 10) and an isolated REM Sleep Behavior Disorder study (iRBD; n = 10) were found, but their results were not included in the meta-analysis statistics. RESULTS Melanopsin-mediated post-illumination pupil response to blue light was not significantly impaired in Alzheimer's (weighted mean difference = -1.54, 95% CI: 4.57 to 1.49, z = -1.00, p = 0.319) but was in Parkinson's (weighted mean difference = -9.14, 95% CI: 14.19 to -4.08, z = -3.54, p < 0.001). Other pupil light reflex metrics showed no significant differences compared to controls. Studies adhered to international standards of pupillometry with moderate to low bias. All studies used full-field stimulation. Alzheimer's studies used direct while Parkinson's studies used consensual measurement. Notably, studies did not control for circadian timing and Parkinson's patients were on dopaminergic treatment. CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE Results affirm chromatic pupillometry as a useful method to assess melanopsin-related retinal cell dysfunction in Parkinson's but not in Alzheimer's disease. While adhering to international standards, future studies may analyze the effects of local field stimulation, dopaminergic treatment, and longitudinal design to elucidate melanopsin dysfunction in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Leopold Steiner
- Department of Neurology, Motor and Cognition Group, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany; Institute of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany; Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany.
| | - Jan de Zeeuw
- Sleep Research & Clinical Chronobiology, Institute of Physiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Germany; Clinic for Sleep & Chronomedicine, St. Hedwig-Hospital, Berlin, Germany
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21
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Thoeni V, Dimova EY, Kietzmann T, Usselman RJ, Egg M. Therapeutic nuclear magnetic resonance and intermittent hypoxia trigger time dependent on/off effects in circadian clocks and confirm a central role of superoxide in cellular magnetic field effects. Redox Biol 2024; 72:103152. [PMID: 38593630 PMCID: PMC11016797 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Cellular magnetic field effects are assumed to base on coherent singlet-triplet interconversion of radical pairs that are sensitive to applied radiofrequency (RF) and weak magnetic fields (WEMFs), known as radical pair mechanism (RPM). As a leading model, the RPM explains how quantum effects can influence biochemical and cellular signalling. Consequently, radical pairs generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) that link the RPM to redox processes, such as the response to hypoxia and the circadian clock. Therapeutic nuclear magnetic resonance (tNMR) occupies a unique position in the RPM paradigm because of the used frequencies, which are far below the range of 0.1-100 MHz postulated for the RPM to occur. Nonetheless, tNMR was shown to induce RPM like effects, such as increased extracellular H2O2 levels and altered cellular bioenergetics. In this study we compared the impact of tNMR and intermittent hypoxia on the circadian clock, as well as the role of superoxide in tNMR induced ROS partitioning. We show that both, tNMR and intermittent hypoxia, exert on/off effects on cellular clocks that are dependent on the time of application (day versus night). In addition, our data provide further evidence that superoxide plays a central role in magnetic signal transduction. tNMR used in combination with scavengers, such as Vitamin C, led to strong ROS product redistributions. This discovery might represent the first indication of radical triads in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Thoeni
- Institute of Zoology, University Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020, Innsbruck, Tyrol, A-6020, Austria
| | - Elitsa Y Dimova
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Thomas Kietzmann
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Robert J Usselman
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Florida Institute of Technology, 150 W University Blvd, Melbourne, FL, 32901, USA
| | - Margit Egg
- Institute of Zoology, University Innsbruck, Technikerstraße 25, 6020, Innsbruck, Tyrol, A-6020, Austria.
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22
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Avila A, Zhang SL. A circadian clock regulates the blood-brain barrier across phylogeny. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2024; 126:241-287. [PMID: 39029975 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2024.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
As the central regulatory system of an organism, the brain is responsible for overseeing a wide variety of physiological processes essential for an organism's survival. To maintain the environment necessary for neurons to function, the brain requires highly selective uptake and elimination of specific molecules through the blood-brain barrier (BBB). As an organism's activities vary throughout the day, how does the BBB adapt to meet the changing needs of the brain? A mechanism is through temporal regulation of BBB permeability via its circadian clock, which will be the focal point of this chapter. To comprehend the circadian clock's role within the BBB, we will first examine the anatomy of the BBB and the transport mechanisms enabling it to fulfill its role as a restrictive barrier. Next, we will define the circadian clock, and the discussion will encompass an introduction to circadian rhythms, the Transcription-Translation Feedback Loop (TTFL) as the mechanistic basis of circadian timekeeping, and the organization of tissue clocks found in organisms. Then, we will cover the role of the circadian rhythms in regulating the cellular mechanisms and functions of the BBB. We discuss the implications of this regulation in influencing sleep behavior, the progression of neurodegenerative diseases, and finally drug delivery for treatment of neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley Avila
- Cell Biology Department, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Shirley L Zhang
- Cell Biology Department, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States.
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23
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Sato T, Ochiishi T, Higo-Yamamoto S, Oishi K. Circadian and sleep phenotypes in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease characterized by intracellular accumulation of amyloid β oligomers. Exp Anim 2024; 73:186-192. [PMID: 38092387 PMCID: PMC11091359 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.23-0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Disturbances in sleep-wake and circadian rhythms may reportedly precede the onset of cognitive symptoms in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, the underlying mechanisms of these AD-induced sleep disturbances remain unelucidated. To specifically evaluate the involvement of amyloid beta (Aβ) oligomers in AD-induced sleep disturbances, we examined circadian and sleep phenotypes using an Aβ-GFP transgenic (Aβ-GFP Tg) mouse characterized by intracellular accumulation of Aβ oligomers. The circadian rhythm and free-running period of wheel running activity were identical between Aβ-GFP Tg and littermate wild-type mice. The durations of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep were elongated in Aβ-GFP Tg mice; however, the durations of non-REM sleep and wakefulness were unaffected. The Aβ-GFP Tg mice exhibited shifts in the electroencephalogram (EEG) power spectra toward higher frequencies in the inactive light phase. These findings suggest that the intracellular accumulation of Aβ oligomers might be associated with sleep quality; however, its impact on circadian systems is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Sato
- Healthy Food Science Research Group, Cellular, and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
| | - Tomoyo Ochiishi
- Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute (BMRI), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
| | - Sayaka Higo-Yamamoto
- Healthy Food Science Research Group, Cellular, and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
| | - Katsutaka Oishi
- Healthy Food Science Research Group, Cellular, and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-0882, Japan
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
- School of Integrative and Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
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24
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Park Y, Kang HG, Kang SJ, Ku HO, Zarbl H, Fang MZ, Park JH. Combined use of multiparametric high-content-screening and in vitro circadian reporter assays in neurotoxicity evaluation. Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:1485-1498. [PMID: 38483585 PMCID: PMC10965668 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03686-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that chronic circadian rhythm disruption is associated with the development of neurodegenerative diseases induced by exposure to neurotoxic chemicals. Herein, we examined the relationship between cellular circadian rhythm disruption and cytotoxicity in neural cells. Moreover, we evaluated the potential application of an in vitro cellular circadian rhythm assay in determining circadian rhythm disruption as a sensitive and early marker of neurotoxicant-induced adverse effects. To explore these objectives, we established an in vitro cellular circadian rhythm assay using human glioblastoma (U87 MG) cells stably transfected with a circadian reporter vector (PER2-dLuc) and determined the lowest-observed-adverse-effect levels (LOAELs) of several common neurotoxicants. Additionally, we determined the LOAEL of each compound on multiple cytotoxicity endpoints (nuclear size [NC], mitochondrial membrane potential [MMP], calcium ions, or lipid peroxidation) using a multiparametric high-content screening (HCS) assay using transfected U87 MG cells treated with the same neurotoxicants for 24 and 72 h. Based on our findings, the LOAEL for cellular circadian rhythm disruption for most chemicals was slightly higher than that for most cytotoxicity indicators detected using HCS, and the LOAEL for MMP in the first 24 h was the closest to that for cellular circadian rhythm disruption. Dietary antioxidants (methylselenocysteine and N-acetyl-l-cysteine) prevented or restored neurotoxicant-induced cellular circadian rhythm disruption. Our results suggest that cellular circadian rhythm disruption is as sensitive as cytotoxicity indicators and occurs early as much as cytotoxic events during disease development. Moreover, the in vitro cellular circadian rhythm assay warrants further evaluation as an early screening tool for neurotoxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngil Park
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
- Veterinary Drugs and Biologics Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-Si, 39660, Korea
| | - Hwan-Goo Kang
- Veterinary Drugs and Biologics Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-Si, 39660, Korea
- Department of Animal Health and Welfare, Semyung University, 65, Semyung Ro, Jecheon, Chungcheongbuk‑do, Korea
| | - Seok-Jin Kang
- Veterinary Drugs and Biologics Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-Si, 39660, Korea
| | - Hyun-Ok Ku
- Veterinary Drugs and Biologics Division, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon-Si, 39660, Korea
| | - Helmut Zarbl
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, NIEHS Center for Environmental Exposure and Disease, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ08854, USA
| | - Ming-Zhu Fang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, NIEHS Center for Environmental Exposure and Disease, Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ08854, USA
| | - Jae-Hak Park
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
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25
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Faraci FM, Scheer FA. Hypertension: Causes and Consequences of Circadian Rhythms in Blood Pressure. Circ Res 2024; 134:810-832. [PMID: 38484034 PMCID: PMC10947115 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.124.323515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Hypertension is extremely common, affecting approximately 1 in every 2 adults globally. Chronic hypertension is the leading modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease and premature mortality worldwide. Despite considerable efforts to define mechanisms that underlie hypertension, a potentially major component of the disease, the role of circadian biology has been relatively overlooked in both preclinical models and humans. Although the presence of daily and circadian patterns has been observed from the level of the genome to the whole organism, the functional and structural impact of biological rhythms, including mechanisms such as circadian misalignment, remains relatively poorly defined. Here, we review the impact of daily rhythms and circadian systems in regulating blood pressure and the onset, progression, and consequences of hypertension. There is an emphasis on the impact of circadian biology in relation to vascular disease and end-organ effects that, individually or in combination, contribute to complex phenotypes such as cognitive decline and the loss of cardiac and brain health. Despite effective treatment options for some individuals, control of blood pressure remains inadequate in a substantial portion of the hypertensive population. Greater insight into circadian biology may form a foundation for novel and more widely effective molecular therapies or interventions to help in the prevention, treatment, and management of hypertension and its related pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank M. Faraci
- Department of Internal Medicine, Francois M. Abboud Cardiovascular Center, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242-1081
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Francois M. Abboud Cardiovascular Center, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242-1081
| | - Frank A.J.L. Scheer
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115
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26
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Feigl B, Lewis SJG, Rawashdeh O. Targeting sleep and the circadian system as a novel treatment strategy for Parkinson's disease. J Neurol 2024; 271:1483-1491. [PMID: 37943299 PMCID: PMC10896880 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-023-12073-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing appreciation of the wide range of sleep-wake disturbances that occur frequently in Parkinson's disease. These are known to be associated with a range of motor and non-motor symptoms and significantly impact not only on the quality of life of the patient, but also on their bed partner. The underlying causes for fragmented sleep and daytime somnolence are no doubt multifactorial but there is clear evidence for circadian disruption in Parkinson's disease. This appears to be occurring not only as a result of the neuropathological changes that occur across a distributed neural network, but even down to the cellular level. Such observations indicate that circadian changes may in fact be a driver of neurodegeneration, as well as a cause for some of the sleep-wake symptoms observed in Parkinson's disease. Thus, efforts are now required to evaluate approaches including the prescription of precision medicine to modulate photoreceptor activation ratios that reflect daylight inputs to the circadian pacemaker, the use of small molecules to target clock genes, the manipulation of orexin pathways that could help restore the circadian system, to offer novel symptomatic and novel disease modifying strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrix Feigl
- Centre for Vision and Eye Research, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4059, Australia
- Queensland Eye Institute, South Brisbane, QLD, 4101, Australia
| | - Simon J G Lewis
- Parkinson's Disease Research Clinic, Brain and Mind Centre, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| | - Oliver Rawashdeh
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
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27
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Anjum MF, Smyth C, Zuzuárregui R, Dijk DJ, Starr PA, Denison T, Little S. Multi-night cortico-basal recordings reveal mechanisms of NREM slow-wave suppression and spontaneous awakenings in Parkinson's disease. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1793. [PMID: 38413587 PMCID: PMC10899224 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46002-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Sleep disturbance is a prevalent and disabling comorbidity in Parkinson's disease (PD). We performed multi-night (n = 57) at-home intracranial recordings from electrocorticography and subcortical electrodes using sensing-enabled Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS), paired with portable polysomnography in four PD participants and one with cervical dystonia (clinical trial: NCT03582891). Cortico-basal activity in delta increased and in beta decreased during NREM (N2 + N3) versus wakefulness in PD. DBS caused further elevation in cortical delta and decrease in alpha and low-beta compared to DBS OFF state. Our primary outcome demonstrated an inverse interaction between subcortical beta and cortical slow-wave during NREM. Our secondary outcome revealed subcortical beta increases prior to spontaneous awakenings in PD. We classified NREM vs. wakefulness with high accuracy in both traditional (30 s: 92.6 ± 1.7%) and rapid (5 s: 88.3 ± 2.1%) data epochs of intracranial signals. Our findings elucidate sleep neurophysiology and impacts of DBS on sleep in PD informing adaptive DBS for sleep dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Fahim Anjum
- Movement Disorders and Neuromodulation Centre, University California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Clay Smyth
- Movement Disorders and Neuromodulation Centre, University California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rafael Zuzuárregui
- Movement Disorders and Neuromodulation Centre, University California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Parkinson's Disease Research Education and Clinical Center, San Francisco Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Derk Jan Dijk
- Surrey Sleep Research Centre, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Care Research and Technology Centre at Imperial College, London and The University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Philip A Starr
- Movement Disorders and Neuromodulation Centre, University California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Timothy Denison
- MRC Brain Network Dynamics Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Simon Little
- Movement Disorders and Neuromodulation Centre, University California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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28
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Wu Q, Ren Q, Wang X, Bai H, Tian D, Gao G, Wang F, Yu P, Chang Y. Cellular iron depletion enhances behavioral rhythm by limiting brain Per1 expression in mice. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14592. [PMID: 38385622 PMCID: PMC10883092 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS Disturbances in the circadian rhythm are positively correlated with the processes of aging and related neurodegenerative diseases, which are also associated with brain iron accumulation. However, the role of brain iron in regulating the biological rhythm is poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the impact of brain iron levels on the spontaneous locomotor activity of mice with altered brain iron levels and further explored the potential mechanisms governing these effects in vitro. RESULTS Our results revealed that conditional knockout of ferroportin 1 (Fpn1) in cerebral microvascular endothelial cells led to brain iron deficiency, subsequently resulting in enhanced locomotor activity and increased expression of clock genes, including the circadian locomotor output cycles kaput protein (Clock) and brain and muscle ARNT-like 1 (Bmal1). Concomitantly, the levels of period circadian regulator 1 (PER1), which functions as a transcriptional repressor in regulating biological rhythm, were decreased. Conversely, the elevated brain iron levels in APP/PS1 mice inhibited autonomous rhythmic activity. Additionally, our findings demonstrate a significant decrease in serum melatonin levels in Fpn1cdh5 -CKO mice compared with the Fpn1flox/flox group. In contrast, APP/PS1 mice with brain iron deposition exhibited higher serum melatonin levels than the WT group. Furthermore, in the human glioma cell line, U251, we observed reduced PER1 expression upon iron limitation by deferoxamine (DFO; iron chelator) or endogenous overexpression of FPN1. When U251 cells were made iron-replete by supplementation with ferric ammonium citrate (FAC) or increased iron import through transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) overexpression, PER1 protein levels were increased. Additionally, we obtained similar results to U251 cells in mouse cerebellar astrocytes (MA-c), where we collected cells at different time points to investigate the rhythmic expression of core clock genes and the impact of DFO or FAC treatment on PER1 protein levels. CONCLUSION These findings collectively suggest that altered iron levels influence the circadian rhythm by regulating PER1 expression and thereby modulating the molecular circadian clock. In conclusion, our study identifies the regulation of brain iron levels as a potential new target for treating age-related disruptions in the circadian rhythm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco‐Environment, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, College of Life SciencesHebei Normal UniversityShijiazhuangChina
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research on Cardio‐Cerebrovascular Disease, College of Basic MedicineHebei University of Chinese MedicineShijiazhuangHebei ProvinceChina
| | - Qiuyang Ren
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco‐Environment, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, College of Life SciencesHebei Normal UniversityShijiazhuangChina
| | - Xin Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco‐Environment, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, College of Life SciencesHebei Normal UniversityShijiazhuangChina
| | - Huiyuan Bai
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco‐Environment, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, College of Life SciencesHebei Normal UniversityShijiazhuangChina
| | - Dandan Tian
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco‐Environment, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, College of Life SciencesHebei Normal UniversityShijiazhuangChina
| | - Guofen Gao
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco‐Environment, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, College of Life SciencesHebei Normal UniversityShijiazhuangChina
| | - Fudi Wang
- School of Public HealthZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Peng Yu
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco‐Environment, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, College of Life SciencesHebei Normal UniversityShijiazhuangChina
| | - Yan‐Zhong Chang
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Ministry of Education, Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco‐Environment, Hebei Research Center of the Basic Discipline of Cell Biology, College of Life SciencesHebei Normal UniversityShijiazhuangChina
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29
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Willis GL, Armstrong SM. Fine-tuning the circadian system with light treatment for Parkinson's disease: an in-depth, critical review. Rev Neurosci 2024; 35:57-84. [PMID: 37609845 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2023-0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Late in the twentieth century, interest intensified regarding the involvement of the circadian system in the aetiology and treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). It has been envisaged that this approach might provide relief beyond the limited benefits and severe side effects achieved by dopamine (DA) replacement. In the first clinical article, published in 1996, polychromatic light was used to shift the circadian clock as it is considered to be the most powerful zeitgeber (time keeper) that can be implemented to realign circadian phase. Since that time, 11 additional articles have implemented light treatment (LT) in various forms as an adjuvant to DA replacement. In spite of the growing interest in this area, the systematic exploration of LT in PD has been stymied by several methodological factors. Such factors include time of LT presentation, duration of studies undertaken, frequency of light employed, dose of light prescribed and relevance of experimental design to the prolonged course of the illness. On this basis, it is the purpose of this review to provide an in-depth examination of these papers, and the underlying preclinical work, to provide critique, thereby giving direction for future studies in therapeutic applications of LT for PD. Consideration of this collective work may serve to carve a path for future research and thereby improve the lives of those suffering from this debilitating disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory L Willis
- The Bronowski Institute of Behavioural Neuroscience, 40 Davy Street, Woodend, VIC 3442, Australia
| | - Stuart M Armstrong
- The Bronowski Institute of Behavioural Neuroscience, 40 Davy Street, Woodend, VIC 3442, Australia
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30
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Tan X, Zhang J, Dong J, Huang M, Zhou Z, Wang D. Novel Insights into the Circadian Rhythms Based on Long Noncoding and Circular RNA Profiling. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1161. [PMID: 38256234 PMCID: PMC10816401 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25021161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythm disorders pose major risks to human health and animal production activity, and the hypothalamus is the center of circadian rhythm regulation. However, the epigenetic regulation of circadian rhythm based on farm animal models has been poorly investigated. We collected chicken hypothalamus samples at seven time points in one light/dark cycle and performed long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), circular RNA (circRNA), and mRNA sequencing to detect biomarkers associated with circadian rhythm. We enhanced the comprehensive expression profiling of ncRNAs and mRNAs in the hypothalamus and found two gene sets (circadian rhythm and retinal metabolism) associated with the light/dark cycle. Noncoding RNA networks with circadian expression patterns were identified by differential expression and circadian analysis was provided that included 38 lncRNAs, 15 circRNAs, and 200 candidate genes. Three lncRNAs (ENSGALT00000098661, ENSGALT00000100816, and MSTRG.16980.1) and one circRNA (novel_circ_010168) in the ncRNA-mRNA regulatory network were identified as key molecules influencing circadian rhythm by regulating AOX1 in retinal metabolism. These ncRNAs were predicted to be related to pernicious anemia, gonadal, eye disease and other disorders in humans. Together, the findings of this study provide insights into the epigenetic mechanisms of circadian rhythm and reveal AOX1 as a promising target of circadian rhythm regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Deqian Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; (X.T.)
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31
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Prosz A, Pipek O, Börcsök J, Palla G, Szallasi Z, Spisak S, Csabai I. Biologically informed deep learning for explainable epigenetic clocks. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1306. [PMID: 38225268 PMCID: PMC10789766 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50495-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Ageing is often characterised by progressive accumulation of damage, and it is one of the most important risk factors for chronic disease development. Epigenetic mechanisms including DNA methylation could functionally contribute to organismal aging, however the key functions and biological processes may govern ageing are still not understood. Although age predictors called epigenetic clocks can accurately estimate the biological age of an individual based on cellular DNA methylation, their models have limited ability to explain the prediction algorithm behind and underlying key biological processes controlling ageing. Here we present XAI-AGE, a biologically informed, explainable deep neural network model for accurate biological age prediction across multiple tissue types. We show that XAI-AGE outperforms the first-generation age predictors and achieves similar results to deep learning-based models, while opening up the possibility to infer biologically meaningful insights of the activity of pathways and other abstract biological processes directly from the model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurel Prosz
- Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Orsolya Pipek
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Judit Börcsök
- Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Biotech Research & Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gergely Palla
- Department of Biological Physics, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
- Health Services Management Training Centre, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Sandor Spisak
- Institute of Enzymology, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - István Csabai
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
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32
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Santillo S, De Petrocellis L, Musio C. Diurnal and circadian regulation of opsin-like transcripts in the eyeless cnidarian Hydra. Biomol Concepts 2024; 15:bmc-2022-0044. [PMID: 38502542 DOI: 10.1515/bmc-2022-0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Opsins play a key role in the ability to sense light both in image-forming vision and in non-visual photoreception (NVP). These modalities, in most animal phyla, share the photoreceptor protein: an opsin-based protein binding a light-sensitive chromophore by a lysine (Lys) residue. So far, visual and non-visual opsins have been discovered throughout the Metazoa phyla, including the photoresponsive Hydra, an eyeless cnidarian considered the evolutionary sister species to bilaterians. To verify whether light influences and modulates opsin gene expression in Hydra, we utilized four expression sequence tags, similar to two classic opsins (SW rhodopsin and SW blue-sensitive opsin) and two non-visual opsins (melanopsin and peropsin), in investigating the expression patterns during both diurnal and circadian time, by means of a quantitative RT-PCR. The expression levels of all four genes fluctuated along the light hours of diurnal cycle with respect to the darkness one and, in constant dark condition of the circadian cycle, they increased. The monophasic behavior in the L12:D12 cycle turned into a triphasic expression profile during the continuous darkness condition. Consequently, while the diurnal opsin-like expression revealed a close dependence on light hours, the highest transcript levels were found in darkness, leading us to novel hypothesis that in Hydra, an "internal" biological rhythm autonomously supplies the opsins expression during the circadian time. In conclusion, in Hydra, both diurnal and circadian rhythms apparently regulate the expression of the so-called visual and non-visual opsins, as already demonstrated in higher invertebrate and vertebrate species. Our data confirm that Hydra is a suitable model for studying ancestral precursor of both visual and NVP, providing useful hints on the evolution of visual and photosensory systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Santillo
- Institute of Applied Sciences and Intelligent Systems "Eduardo Caianiello" (ISASI), National Research Council (CNR), Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078 Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy
| | - Luciano De Petrocellis
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry (ICB), National Research Council (CNR), 80078 Pozzuoli (Naples), Italy
| | - Carlo Musio
- Institute of Biophysics (IBF), Trento Unit, National Research Council (CNR), Via Sommarive 18, 38123 Trento, Italy
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33
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Xu Y, Gao W, Sun Y, Wu M. New insight on microglia activation in neurodegenerative diseases and therapeutics. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1308345. [PMID: 38188026 PMCID: PMC10770846 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1308345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Microglia are immune cells within the central nervous system (CNS) closely linked to brain health and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. In response to changes in the surrounding environment, microglia activate and change their state and function. Several factors, example for circadian rhythm disruption and the development of neurodegenerative diseases, influence microglia activation. In this review, we explore microglia's function and the associated neural mechanisms. We elucidate that circadian rhythms are essential factors influencing microglia activation and function. Circadian rhythm disruption affects microglia activation and, consequently, neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, we found that abnormal microglia activation is a common feature of neurodegenerative diseases and an essential factor of disease development. Here we highlight the importance of microglia activation in neurodegenerative diseases. Targeting microglia for neurodegenerative disease treatment is a promising direction. We introduce the progress of methods targeting microglia for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and summarize the progress of drugs developed with microglia as targets, hoping to provide new ideas for treating neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucong Xu
- Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yingnan Sun
- Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Minghua Wu
- Hunan Cancer Hospital/The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis of the Chinese Ministry of Health, The Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Cancer Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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34
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Lee CH, Murrell CE, Chu A, Pan X. Circadian Regulation of Apolipoproteins in the Brain: Implications in Lipid Metabolism and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17415. [PMID: 38139244 PMCID: PMC10743770 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The circadian rhythm is a 24 h internal clock within the body that regulates various factors, including sleep, body temperature, and hormone secretion. Circadian rhythm disruption is an important risk factor for many diseases including neurodegenerative illnesses. The central and peripheral oscillators' circadian clock network controls the circadian rhythm in mammals. The clock genes govern the central clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the brain. One function of the circadian clock is regulating lipid metabolism. However, investigations of the circadian regulation of lipid metabolism-associated apolipoprotein genes in the brain are lacking. This review summarizes the rhythmic expression of clock genes and lipid metabolism-associated apolipoprotein genes within the SCN in Mus musculus. Nine of the twenty apolipoprotein genes identified from searching the published database (SCNseq and CircaDB) are highly expressed in the SCN. Most apolipoprotein genes (ApoE, ApoC1, apoA1, ApoH, ApoM, and Cln) show rhythmic expression in the brain in mice and thus might be regulated by the master clock. Therefore, this review summarizes studies on lipid-associated apolipoprotein genes in the SCN and other brain locations, to understand how apolipoproteins associated with perturbed cerebral lipid metabolism cause multiple brain diseases and disorders. This review describes recent advancements in research, explores current questions, and identifies directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaeeun Hannah Lee
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, New York University Grossman Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501, USA
| | - Charlotte Ellzabeth Murrell
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, New York University Grossman Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501, USA
| | - Alexander Chu
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, New York University Grossman Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501, USA
| | - Xiaoyue Pan
- Department of Foundations of Medicine, New York University Grossman Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501, USA
- Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, NYU Langone Hospital-Long Island, Mineola, NY 11501, USA
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35
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Verma AK, Khan MI, Ashfaq F, Rizvi SI. Crosstalk Between Aging, Circadian Rhythm, and Melatonin. Rejuvenation Res 2023; 26:229-241. [PMID: 37847148 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2023.0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms (CRs) are 24-hour periodic oscillations governed by an endogenous circadian pacemaker located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), which organizes the physiology and behavior of organisms. Circadian rhythm disruption (CRD) is also indicative of the aging process. In mammals, melatonin is primarily synthesized in the pineal gland and participates in a variety of multifaceted intracellular signaling networks and has been shown to synchronize CRs. Endogenous melatonin synthesis and its release tend to decrease progressively with advancing age. Older individuals experience frequent CR disruption, which hastens the process of aging. A profound understanding of the relationship between CRs and aging has the potential to improve existing treatments and facilitate development of novel chronotherapies that target age-related disorders. This review article aims to examine the circadian regulatory mechanisms in which melatonin plays a key role in signaling. We describe the basic architecture of the molecular circadian clock and its functional decline with age in detail. Furthermore, we discuss the role of melatonin in regulation of the circadian pacemaker and redox homeostasis during aging. Moreover, we also discuss the protective effect of exogenous melatonin supplementation in age-dependent CR disruption, which sheds light on this pleiotropic molecule and how it can be used as an effective chronotherapeutic medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohammad Idreesh Khan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, College of Applied Health Sciences in Ar Rass, Qassim University, Ar Rass, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fauzia Ashfaq
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Applied Medical Sciences College, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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36
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Yin J, Tuo CM, Yu KY, Hu XH, Fan YY, Wu MN. Diurnal Characteristics of the Orexin System Genes and Its Effects on Pathology at Early Stage in 3xTg-AD Mice. Neuromolecular Med 2023; 25:632-643. [PMID: 37843792 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-023-08767-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Orexin and its receptors are closely related to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although the expression of orexin system genes under physiological condition has circadian rhythm, the diurnal characteristics of orexin system genes, and its potential role in the pathogenesis in AD are unknown. In the present study, we hope to elucidate the diurnal characteristics of orexin system genes at the early stage of AD, and to investigate its potential role in the development of AD neuropathology. We firstly detected the mRNA levels of orexin system genes, AD risk genes and core clock genes (CCGs) in hypothalamus and hippocampus in 6-month-old male 3xTg-AD mice and C57BL/6J (wild type, WT) control mice, then analyzed diurnal expression profiles of all genes using JTK_CYCLE algorithm, and did the correlation analysis between expression of orexin system genes and AD risk genes or CCGs. In addition, the expression of β-amyloid protein (Aβ) and phosphorylated tau (p-tau) protein were measured. The results showed that the diurnal mRNA expression profiles of PPO, OX1R, OX2R, Bace2, Bmal1, Per1, Per2 and Cry1 in the hypothalamus, and gene expression of OX1R, OX2R, Bace1, Bmal1, Per1 and Cry2 in the hippocampus in 3xTg-AD mice were different from that in WT mice. Furthermore, there is positive correlation between orexin system genes and AD risk genes or CCGs in the brain in 3xTg-AD mice. In addition, the expression of Aβ and p-tau in hippocampus in 3xTg-AD mice were significantly increased, and the expression of p-tau is higher in night than in day. These results indicate that the abnormal expression profiles of orexin system genes and its interaction with AD risk genes or CCGs might exert important role in the pathogenesis of AD, which will increase the expression of Aβ and p-tau, and accelerate the development of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yin
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology in Shanxi Province, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Chun-Mei Tuo
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology in Shanxi Province, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Kai-Yue Yu
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology in Shanxi Province, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Hu
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology in Shanxi Province, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yan-Ying Fan
- Department of Pharmacology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
| | - Mei-Na Wu
- Department of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology in Shanxi Province, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
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37
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Bliwise DL, Wang TC, Svetnik V, Zammit G, Tao P, Lines C, Herring WJ. Phase advance of bedtimes in Alzheimer's disease. Sleep 2023; 46:zsad191. [PMID: 37540589 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsad191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Donald L Bliwise
- Sleep Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ting-Chuan Wang
- Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA
| | | | - Gary Zammit
- Clinilabs Drug Development Corporation, New York, NY, USA
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peining Tao
- Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA
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38
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Niazi SK. Non-Invasive Drug Delivery across the Blood-Brain Barrier: A Prospective Analysis. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2599. [PMID: 38004577 PMCID: PMC10674293 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15112599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-invasive drug delivery across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) represents a significant advancement in treating neurological diseases. The BBB is a tightly packed layer of endothelial cells that shields the brain from harmful substances in the blood, allowing necessary nutrients to pass through. It is a highly selective barrier, which poses a challenge to delivering therapeutic agents into the brain. Several non-invasive procedures and devices have been developed or are currently being investigated to enhance drug delivery across the BBB. This paper presents a review and a prospective analysis of the art and science that address pharmacology, technology, delivery systems, regulatory approval, ethical concerns, and future possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarfaraz K Niazi
- College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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39
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Keihani A, Mayeli A, Ferrarelli F. Circadian Rhythm Changes in Healthy Aging and Mild Cognitive Impairment. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2200237. [PMID: 36403250 PMCID: PMC10199146 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202200237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Disruptions in circadian rhythms can occur in healthy aging; however, these changes are more severe and pervasive in individuals with age-related and neurodegenerative diseases, such as dementia. Circadian rhythm alterations are also present in preclinical stages of dementia, for example, in patients with mild cognitive impairments (MCI); thus, providing a unique window of opportunity for early intervention in neurodegenerative disorders. Nonetheless, there is a lack of studies examining the association between relevant changes in circadian rhythms and their relationship with cognitive dysfunctions in MCI individuals. In this review, circadian system alterations occurring in MCI patients are examined compared to healthy aging individuals while also considering their association with MCI neurocognitive alterations. The main findings are that abnormal circadian changes in rest-activity, core body temperature, melatonin, and cortisol rhythms appear in the MCI stage and that these circadian rhythm disruptions are associated with some of the neurocognitive deficits observed in MCI patients. In addition, preliminary evidence indicates that interventions aimed at restoring regular circadian rhythms may prevent or halt the progress of neurodegenerative diseases and mitigate their related cognitive impairments. Future longitudinal studies with repeated follow-up assessments are needed to establish the translational potential of these findings in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmadreza Keihani
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Ahmad Mayeli
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Fabio Ferrarelli
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, 3501 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
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40
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Zhang K, Ma Y, Luo Y, Song Y, Xiong G, Ma Y, Sun X, Kan C. Metabolic diseases and healthy aging: identifying environmental and behavioral risk factors and promoting public health. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1253506. [PMID: 37900047 PMCID: PMC10603303 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1253506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is a progressive and irreversible pathophysiological process that manifests as the decline in tissue and cellular functions, along with a significant increase in the risk of various aging-related diseases, including metabolic diseases. While advances in modern medicine have significantly promoted human health and extended human lifespan, metabolic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes among the older adults pose a major challenge to global public health as societies age. Therefore, understanding the complex interaction between risk factors and metabolic diseases is crucial for promoting well-being and healthy aging. This review article explores the environmental and behavioral risk factors associated with metabolic diseases and their impact on healthy aging. The environment, including an obesogenic environment and exposure to environmental toxins, is strongly correlated with the rising prevalence of obesity and its comorbidities. Behavioral factors, such as diet, physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption, and sleep patterns, significantly influence the risk of metabolic diseases throughout aging. Public health interventions targeting modifiable risk factors can effectively promote healthier lifestyles and prevent metabolic diseases. Collaboration between government agencies, healthcare providers and community organizations is essential for implementing these interventions and creating supportive environments that foster healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yujie Ma
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Youhong Luo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yixin Song
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Guoji Xiong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Yanhui Ma
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Xiaodong Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Chengxia Kan
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
- Clinical Research Center, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
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41
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Tian X, Sinclair DA. Restricting mealtime ameliorates neurodegeneration. Cell Metab 2023; 35:1673-1674. [PMID: 37793341 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is often accompanied by disruptions in circadian rhythms, which may exacerbate the disease's progression. In this issue, Whittaker and colleagues demonstrate that the modulation of circadian rhythms by time-restricted feeding can alter the disease trajectory in Alzheimer's mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Tian
- Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research, Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - David A Sinclair
- Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of Aging Research, Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Dubessy AL, Arnulf I. Sleepiness in neurological disorders. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2023; 179:755-766. [PMID: 37598089 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2023.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Sleepiness is a frequent and underrecognized symptom in neurological disorders, that impacts functional outcomes and quality of life. Multiple and potentially additive factors might contribute to sleepiness in neurological disorders, including sleep quality alterations, circadian rhythm disorders, drugs, and sleep disorders including sleep apnea or central disorders of hypersomnolence. Physician awareness of the possible symptoms of hypersomnolence, and associated causes is of crucial importance to allow proper identification and treatment of underlying causes. This review first provides a brief overview on clinical aspects of excessive daytime sleepiness, and diagnosis tools, then examines its frequency and mechanisms in various neurological disorders, including neurodegenerative disorders, multiple sclerosis, autoimmune encephalitis, epilepsy, and stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-L Dubessy
- Saint Antoine Hospital, Assistance publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France.
| | - I Arnulf
- Sleep Disorder Unit, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital and Sorbonne University, Paris, France; National Reference Network for Orphan Diseases: Narcolepsy and Rare Hypersomnias, Paris, France
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43
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Zhong Z, Lin W, Qin BW. Modulating Biological Rhythms: A Noncomputational Strategy Harnessing Nonlinearity and Decoupling Frequency and Amplitude. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:138401. [PMID: 37832005 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.138401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Understanding and achieving concurrent modulation of amplitude and frequency, particularly adjusting one quantity and simultaneously sustaining the other at an invariant level, are of paramount importance for complex biophysical systems, including the signal pathway where different frequency indicates different upstream signal yielding a certain downstream physiological function while different amplitude further determines different efficacy of a downstream output. However, such modulators with clearly described and universally valid mechanisms are still lacking. Here, we rigorously propose an easy-to-use control strategy containing only one or two steps, leveraging the nonlinearity in the modulated systems to decouple frequency and amplitude in a noncomputational manner. The strategy's efficacy is demonstrated using representative biochemical systems and, thus, it could be potentially applicable to modulating rhythms in experiments of biochemistry and synthetic biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyue Zhong
- School of Mathematical Sciences and Shanghai Center for Mathematical Sciences, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Lin
- School of Mathematical Sciences and Shanghai Center for Mathematical Sciences, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, China
- Research Institute of Intelligent Complex Systems, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, 200232 Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institute of Brain Science, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, China
| | - Bo-Wei Qin
- Research Institute of Intelligent Complex Systems, Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, 200232 Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institute of Brain Science, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, China
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Maddaloni G, Chang YJ, Senft RA, Dymecki SM. A brain circuit and neuronal mechanism for decoding and adapting to change in daylength. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.11.557218. [PMID: 37745319 PMCID: PMC10515809 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.11.557218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Changes in daylight amount (photoperiod) drive pronounced alterations in physiology and behaviour1,2. Adaptive responses to seasonal photoperiods are vital to all organisms - dysregulation is associated with disease, from affective disorders3 to metabolic syndromes4. Circadian rhythm circuitry has been implicated5,6 yet little is known about the precise neural and cellular substrates that underlie phase synchronization to photoperiod change. Here we present a previously unknown brain circuit and novel system of axon branch-specific and reversible neurotransmitter deployment that together prove critical for behavioural and sleep adaptation to photoperiod change. We found that the recently defined neuron type called mrEn1-Pet17 located in the mouse brainstem Median Raphe Nucleus (MRN) segregates serotonin versus VGLUT3 (here proxy for the neurotransmitter glutamate) to different axonal branches innervating specific brain regions involved in circadian rhythm and sleep/wake timing8,9. We found that whether measured during the light or dark phase of the day this branch-specific neurotransmitter deployment in mrEn1-Pet1 neurons was indistinguishable; however, it strikingly reorganizes on photoperiod change. Specifically, axonal boutons but not cell soma show a shift in neurochemical phenotype upon change away from equinox light/dark conditions that reverses upon return to equinox. When we genetically disabled the deployment of VGLUT3 in mrEn1-Pet1 neurons, we found that sleep/wake periods and voluntary activity failed to synchronize to the new photoperiod or was significantly delayed. Combining intersectional rabies virus tracing and projection-specific neuronal silencing in vivo, we delineated a Preoptic Area-to-mrEn1Pet1 connection responsible for decoding the photoperiodic inputs, driving the neurochemical shift and promoting behavioural synchronization. Our results reveal a previously unrecognized brain circuit along with a novel form of periodic, branch-specific neurotransmitter deployment that together regulate organismal adaptation to photoperiod changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Maddaloni
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02115 MA, USA
| | - Y J Chang
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02115 MA, USA
| | - R A Senft
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02115 MA, USA
| | - S M Dymecki
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02115 MA, USA
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Hastings MH, Brancaccio M, Gonzalez-Aponte MF, Herzog ED. Circadian Rhythms and Astrocytes: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly. Annu Rev Neurosci 2023; 46:123-143. [PMID: 36854316 PMCID: PMC10381027 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-neuro-100322-112249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
This review explores the interface between circadian timekeeping and the regulation of brain function by astrocytes. Although astrocytes regulate neuronal activity across many time domains, their cell-autonomous circadian clocks exert a particular role in controlling longer-term oscillations of brain function: the maintenance of sleep states and the circadian ordering of sleep and wakefulness. This is most evident in the central circadian pacemaker, the suprachiasmatic nucleus, where the molecular clock of astrocytes suffices to drive daily cycles of neuronal activity and behavior. In Alzheimer's disease, sleep impairments accompany cognitive decline. In mouse models of the disease, circadian disturbances accelerate astroglial activation and other brain pathologies, suggesting that daily functions in astrocytes protect neuronal homeostasis. In brain cancer, treatment in the morning has been associated with prolonged survival, and gliomas have daily rhythms in gene expression and drug sensitivity. Thus, circadian time is fast becoming critical to elucidating reciprocal astrocytic-neuronal interactions in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Hastings
- Division of Neurobiology, Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom;
| | - Marco Brancaccio
- UK Dementia Research Institute and Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria F Gonzalez-Aponte
- Department of Biology, Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA;
| | - Erik D Herzog
- Department of Biology, Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA;
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Peng YF, Wang LL, Gu JH, Zeng YQ. Effects of astaxanthin on depressive and sleep symptoms: A narrative mini-review. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18288. [PMID: 37539097 PMCID: PMC10393630 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent psychiatric condition that results in persistent feelings of sadness and loss of interest, imposing a significant economic burden on health systems and society. Impaired sleep is both a symptom and a risk factor for depression. Natural astaxanthin (AST), a carotenoid primarily derived from algae and aquatic animals, possesses multiple pharmacological properties such as anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and antioxidant stress effects. Prior research suggests that AST may have antidepressant properties. This mini-review highlights the potential mechanisms by which AST can prevent depression, providing novel insights into drug research for depression treatment. Specifically, this mechanism suggests that astaxanthin may improve sleep and thus potentially aid in the treatment of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yue-Qin Zeng
- Corresponding author. Academy of Biomedical Engineering, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China.
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Que M, Li Y, Wang X, Zhan G, Luo X, Zhou Z. Role of astrocytes in sleep deprivation: accomplices, resisters, or bystanders? Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1188306. [PMID: 37435045 PMCID: PMC10330732 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1188306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep plays an essential role in all studied animals with a nervous system. However, sleep deprivation leads to various pathological changes and neurobehavioral problems. Astrocytes are the most abundant cells in the brain and are involved in various important functions, including neurotransmitter and ion homeostasis, synaptic and neuronal modulation, and blood-brain barrier maintenance; furthermore, they are associated with numerous neurodegenerative diseases, pain, and mood disorders. Moreover, astrocytes are increasingly being recognized as vital contributors to the regulation of sleep-wake cycles, both locally and in specific neural circuits. In this review, we begin by describing the role of astrocytes in regulating sleep and circadian rhythms, focusing on: (i) neuronal activity; (ii) metabolism; (iii) the glymphatic system; (iv) neuroinflammation; and (v) astrocyte-microglia cross-talk. Moreover, we review the role of astrocytes in sleep deprivation comorbidities and sleep deprivation-related brain disorders. Finally, we discuss potential interventions targeting astrocytes to prevent or treat sleep deprivation-related brain disorders. Pursuing these questions would pave the way for a deeper understanding of the cellular and neural mechanisms underlying sleep deprivation-comorbid brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxin Que
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yujuan Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Gaofeng Zhan
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Luo
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Medical College, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Geriatric Anesthesia and Perioperative Brain Health, Department of Anesthesiology, Tongji Medical College, Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Anesthesia, Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Gerstner JR, Flores CC, Lefton M, Rogers B, Davis CJ. FABP7: a glial integrator of sleep, circadian rhythms, plasticity, and metabolic function. Front Syst Neurosci 2023; 17:1212213. [PMID: 37404868 PMCID: PMC10315501 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2023.1212213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep and circadian rhythms are observed broadly throughout animal phyla and influence neural plasticity and cognitive function. However, the few phylogenetically conserved cellular and molecular pathways that are implicated in these processes are largely focused on neuronal cells. Research on these topics has traditionally segregated sleep homeostatic behavior from circadian rest-activity rhythms. Here we posit an alternative perspective, whereby mechanisms underlying the integration of sleep and circadian rhythms that affect behavioral state, plasticity, and cognition reside within glial cells. The brain-type fatty acid binding protein, FABP7, is part of a larger family of lipid chaperone proteins that regulate the subcellular trafficking of fatty acids for a wide range of cellular functions, including gene expression, growth, survival, inflammation, and metabolism. FABP7 is enriched in glial cells of the central nervous system and has been shown to be a clock-controlled gene implicated in sleep/wake regulation and cognitive processing. FABP7 is known to affect gene transcription, cellular outgrowth, and its subcellular localization in the fine perisynaptic astrocytic processes (PAPs) varies based on time-of-day. Future studies determining the effects of FABP7 on behavioral state- and circadian-dependent plasticity and cognitive processes, in addition to functional consequences on cellular and molecular mechanisms related to neural-glial interactions, lipid storage, and blood brain barrier integrity will be important for our knowledge of basic sleep function. Given the comorbidity of sleep disturbance with neurological disorders, these studies will also be important for our understanding of the etiology and pathophysiology of how these diseases affect or are affected by sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R. Gerstner
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States
- Steve Gleason Institute for Neuroscience, Spokane, WA, United States
- Sleep and Performance Research Center, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States
| | - Carlos C. Flores
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States
| | - Micah Lefton
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States
| | - Brooke Rogers
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States
| | - Christopher J. Davis
- Department of Translational Medicine and Physiology, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States
- Steve Gleason Institute for Neuroscience, Spokane, WA, United States
- Sleep and Performance Research Center, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, United States
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Ávila-Villanueva M, Dolado AM, Fernández-Blázquez M. How to Prevent and/or Revert Alzheimer's Disease Continuum During Preclinical Phases. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2023; 7:505-512. [PMID: 37313496 PMCID: PMC10259072 DOI: 10.3233/adr220100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) follows three consecutive phases: namely preclinical, prodromal or mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. In addition, the preclinical phase can be divided into subphases related to the presence of biomarkers that appear at different points before the onset of MCI. Indeed, an early risk factor could promote the appearance of additional ones through a continuum. The presence of various risk factors may trigger specific biomarkers. In this review, we comment on how modifiable risk factors for AD may be reverted, thus correlating with a possible decrease in the specific biomarkers for the disease. Finally, we discuss the development of a suitable AD prevention strategy by targeting modifiable risk factors, thereby increasing the level of "precision medicine" in healthcare systems worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Ávila-Villanueva
- Research in Alzheimer’s Disease, Departamento de Psicología Experimental, Procesos Cognitivos y Logopedia Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Marcos Dolado
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Fernández-Blázquez
- Departamento de Psicología Biológica y de la Salud, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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50
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Jiang Y, Chen Y, Li D, Zhu S, Gu R, Wang Y, Zhu J, Jiang X, Shen B, Pan Y, Yan J, Zhang L. Sleep structure and related clinical characteristics in drug-naïve Parkinson's disease with subjectively different sleep quality. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1156910. [PMID: 37325221 PMCID: PMC10264636 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1156910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sleep disturbance is a common non-motor symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD). Most polysomnography (PSG) studies are conducted when patients are in their "on medication" state. Our study aimed to investigate changes in the sleep structure in drug-naive PD patients with poor subjective sleep quality based on polysomnography (PSG) and to explore potential correlations between sleep structure and clinical features of the disease. Methods A total of 44 drug-naive PD patients were included. All patients completed a standardized questionnaire to obtain demographic and clinical characteristics and underwent whole-night PSG recording. Patients with PSQI scores >5.5 were considered poor sleepers, and patients with PSQI scores <5.5 were considered to be good sleepers. Results There were 24 (54.5%) PD patients in the good sleeper group and 20 (24.5%) PD patients in the poor sleeper group. We observed that poor sleepers had severe non-motor symptoms (NMS) and worse life quality. The PSG displayed that they had a longer wake-up time after sleep onset (WASO) and lower sleep efficiency (SE). Correlation analysis revealed that the micro-arousal index was positively associated with UPDRS-III, and the N1 sleep percentage was negatively associated with the NMS score in good sleepers. For poor sleepers, rapid eye movement (REM) sleep percentage was negatively related to the Hoehn-Yahr (H-Y) stage, WASO increased with UPDRS-III, periodic limb movement index (PLMI) increased with the NMS score, and N2 sleep percentage was negatively related to the score of life quality. Conclusion Night awakening is the main manifestation of decreased sleep quality in drug-naive PD patients. Poor sleepers have severe non-motor symptoms and poor life quality. Additionally, the increase in nocturnal arousal events may predict the progression of motor dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinyin Jiang
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yaning Chen
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dongfeng Li
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Sha Zhu
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruxin Gu
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yaxi Wang
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xu Jiang
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Shen
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Pan
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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