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Wang L, Ma J, Wu Q, Hu Y, Feng J. Plants Restoration Drives the Gobi Soil Microbial Diversity for Improving Soil Quality. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2159. [PMID: 39124277 PMCID: PMC11313803 DOI: 10.3390/plants13152159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Desertification and salt stress are major causes of terrestrial ecosystem loss worldwide, and the Gobi, representing a salt-stressed area in inland China, has a major impact on the ecosystems and biodiversity of its surrounding environment. The restoration of the Gobi Desert is an important way to control its expansion, but there are few studies on the evaluation of restoration. In this study, soils under different restoration scenarios, namely, soils in restored areas (R1, R2), semi-restored areas (SR1, SR2), and unrestored control areas (C1, C2), were used to investigate differences in microbial diversity and physicochemical properties. The results showed that the soil was mainly dominated by particles of 4-63 μm (26.45-37.94%) and >63 μm (57.95-72.87%). Across the different restoration levels, the soil pH (7.96-8.43) remained basically unchanged, salinity decreased from 9.23-2.26 to 0.24-0.25, and water content remained constant (10.98-12.27%) except for one restored sample in which it was higher (22.32%). The effective Al, Cu, and Zn in the soil increased, but only slightly. Total organic matter (TOM) decreased from 3.86-5.20% to 1.31-1.47%, and total organic nitrogen (TON) decreased from 0.03-0.06% to 0.01-0.02%, but the difference in total organic carbon (TOC) was not significant. High-throughput testing revealed that the bacterial population of the restored area was dominated by A4b (6.33-9.18%), MND1 (4.94-7.39%), and Vicinamibacteraceae (7.04-7.39%). Regarding archaea, samples from the restored areas were dominated by Marine Group II (76.17-81.49%) and Candidatus Nitrososphaera (6.07-9.75%). PCoA showed that the different restoration levels were the main cause of the differences between the samples. Additionally, salinity was the dominant factor that induced this difference, but it was inhibited by the restoration and targeted enrichment of some of these functional genera. Desert restoration should therefore focus on conserving water rather than adding nutrients. Planting salt- and drought-tolerant vegetation will contribute to the initial restoration of the desert and the restoration of the microbiological content of the soil as it migrates over time, creating a cycle of elements. Restoration stimulates and enhances the microbial diversity of the soil via beneficial microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhi Wang
- Faculty of Hydraulic Engineering, Environment and Oceanography, Ludong University, Yantai 264025, China;
- Institute of Field Water Conservancy, Soil and Fertilizer Research, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi 832000, China;
| | - Junyong Ma
- Institute of Field Water Conservancy, Soil and Fertilizer Research, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi 832000, China;
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Oasis Water-Saving Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Qifeng Wu
- Institute of Field Water Conservancy, Soil and Fertilizer Research, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural and Reclamation Sciences, Shihezi 832000, China;
| | - Yongchao Hu
- Dongying Research Institute for Oceanography Development, Dongying 257091, China;
| | - Jinxiao Feng
- Qingdao Institute of Technology, Qingdao 266300, China;
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2
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Zhang H, Chase JM, Liao J. Habitat amount modulates biodiversity responses to fragmentation. Nat Ecol Evol 2024; 8:1437-1447. [PMID: 38914711 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-024-02445-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Anthropogenic habitat destruction leads to habitat loss and fragmentation, both of which interact to determine how biodiversity changes at the landscape level. While the detrimental effects of habitat loss are clear, there is a long-standing debate about the role of habitat fragmentation per se. We identify the influence of the total habitat amount lost as a modulator of the relationship between habitat fragmentation and biodiversity. Using a simple metacommunity model characterized by colonization-competition (C-C) trade-offs, we show that the magnitude of habitat loss can induce a unimodal response of biodiversity to habitat fragmentation. When habitat loss is low, habitat fragmentation promotes coexistence by suppressing competitively dominant species, while habitat fragmentation at high levels of habitat loss can shape many smaller isolated patches that drive extinctions of superior competitors. While the C-C trade-off is not the only mechanism for biodiversity maintenance, the modulation of habitat fragmentation effects by habitat loss is probably common. Reanalysis of a globally distributed dataset of fragmented animal and plant metacommunities shows an overall pattern that supports this hypothesis, suggesting a resolution to the debate regarding the relative importance of positive versus negative fragmentation effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helin Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Transboundary Ecosecurity of Southwest China, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion Prevention and Green Development, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology and Centre for Invasion Biology, Institute of Biodiversity, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research, School of Geography and Environment, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jonathan M Chase
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Computer Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Jinbao Liao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Transboundary Ecosecurity of Southwest China, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion Prevention and Green Development, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology and Centre for Invasion Biology, Institute of Biodiversity, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research, School of Geography and Environment, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China.
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3
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Wang H, Liu W, Dai G, Ma Y, Yang L, Zhang Z. The effectiveness of natural reserves from the perspective of habitat quality in the southern section of the Hengduan Mountains, Southwestern China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 363:121380. [PMID: 38852415 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Natural reserves (NRs) play key roles in habitat integrity conservation and biodiversity loss mitigation, and the assessment of the conservation effectiveness of NRs is needed to better manage them. Habitat quality (HQ) comprehensively reflects habitat integrity and biodiversity, but the conservation effectiveness of NRs from the perspective of HQ has rarely been determined at high spatial resolution. Taking the southern section of the Hengduan Mountains (SSHM) in Southwest China as an example, combining an InVEST-HQ model and spatiotemporal change detection methods, the effectiveness of NRs from the perspective of HQ at 30-m spatial resolution was assessed in this study. The effectiveness disparities of NRs across different properties (i.e., management level, conservation target, size, and establishment age) was analyzed and the human pressures on NRs was investigated. The results showed that the HQ of the NRs is good in the SSHM, with the area ratio of the Higher and Highest HQ ≥ 93%. Most of the NR area (94.11%) was effective at improving or maintaining a good HQ. With regard to NR properties, county NRs, NRs designated to conserving wild animals, middle NRs, and younger NRs were more effective, corresponding to management level, conservation target, size, and establishment age, respectively. The human footprint for an effective area is significantly lower than that for an ineffective area, consistent with higher HQ in the effective area and lower HQ in the ineffective area. These findings support the management and zoning of NRs in the SSHM to ensure their effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Transboundary Ecosecurity of Southwest China and School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China.
| | - Weihong Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Transboundary Ecosecurity of Southwest China and School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Guanghui Dai
- Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Yuxin Ma
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Transboundary Ecosecurity of Southwest China and School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Lang Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Transboundary Ecosecurity of Southwest China and School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Zhiming Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Transboundary Ecosecurity of Southwest China and School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China.
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4
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Morris DW. Adaptive responses to habitat change: Theory and tests with field experiments. Ecology 2024; 105:e4333. [PMID: 38826028 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Habitat loss and change are often implicated as the primary causes of species extinction. Although any population can be instantly imperiled by catastrophe, most habitat loss occurs gradually, thus enabling affected individuals an adaptive advantage to occupy the best of their dwindling opportunities. I demonstrate how to infer the advantage between two habitats for any density and frequency-dependent strategy of habitat selection. I explore the concept of an Adaptive Dispersal Strategy Landscape to reveal the Evolutionarily Stable Strategy separately for ideal-free and ideal preemptive habitat selectors. Both solutions reveal an initially counterintuitive expectation that individuals living at high density gain insufficient adaptive advantage to disperse from a deteriorating habitat. Adaptive dispersal is constrained at high density because habitats of better quality are fully occupied. I test the theory with measures of movement and foraging in crossover experiments on a seminatural population of meadow voles. The experiment allowed the voles to choose among patches and between enclosures in which I differentially manipulated food and shelter. Although photographs from an infrared camera documented voles venturing from one habitat to the other, none became resident. Voles preferentially foraged in the richer of the two enclosures, even when I reversed treatments, and they foraged more in patches protected by mulched straw. The adaptive advantage of dispersal using a surrogate fitness proxy based on the voles' giving-up densities mirrored that generated by theory. The convergence between theory and experiment yields much-needed insight into our ability to test, predict, and hopefully resolve, the ecological, evolutionary, and conservation consequences of habitat loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas W Morris
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
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5
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Yun H, Ciais P, Zhu Q, Chen D, Zohner CM, Tang J, Qu Y, Zhou H, Schimel J, Zhu P, Shao M, Christensen JH, Wu Q, Chen A, Elberling B. Changes in above- versus belowground biomass distribution in permafrost regions in response to climate warming. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2314036121. [PMID: 38857391 PMCID: PMC11194490 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2314036121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Permafrost regions contain approximately half of the carbon stored in land ecosystems and have warmed at least twice as much as any other biome. This warming has influenced vegetation activity, leading to changes in plant composition, physiology, and biomass storage in aboveground and belowground components, ultimately impacting ecosystem carbon balance. Yet, little is known about the causes and magnitude of long-term changes in the above- to belowground biomass ratio of plants (η). Here, we analyzed η values using 3,013 plots and 26,337 species-specific measurements across eight sites on the Tibetan Plateau from 1995 to 2021. Our analysis revealed distinct temporal trends in η for three vegetation types: a 17% increase in alpine wetlands, and a decrease of 26% and 48% in alpine meadows and alpine steppes, respectively. These trends were primarily driven by temperature-induced growth preferences rather than shifts in plant species composition. Our findings indicate that in wetter ecosystems, climate warming promotes aboveground plant growth, while in drier ecosystems, such as alpine meadows and alpine steppes, plants allocate more biomass belowground. Furthermore, we observed a threefold strengthening of the warming effect on η over the past 27 y. Soil moisture was found to modulate the sensitivity of η to soil temperature in alpine meadows and alpine steppes, but not in alpine wetlands. Our results contribute to a better understanding of the processes driving the response of biomass distribution to climate warming, which is crucial for predicting the future carbon trajectory of permafrost ecosystems and climate feedback.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanbo Yun
- State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering, Beilu’He Observation and Research Station on Tibetan Plateau, Northwest Institute of Eco–Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou730000, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science and Frozen Soil Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou730000, Gansu, China
- Center for Permafrost, Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, CopenhagenDK1350, Denmark
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN47906
| | - Philippe Ciais
- IPSL–Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives CNRS UVSQ Université ParisSaclay, Centre d’Etudes Orme des Merisiers, Gif sur Yvette91191, France
| | - Qing Zhu
- Climate Sciences Department, Climate and Ecosystem Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA94720
| | - Deliang Chen
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg405 30, Sweden
| | - Constantin M. Zohner
- Institute of Integrative Biology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of Technology), Zurich168092, Switzerland
| | - Jing Tang
- Department of Biology, Terrestrial Ecology and Center of Volatile Interactions, University of Copenhagen, CopenhagenDK–2100, Denmark
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, LundSE–22236, Sweden
| | - Yang Qu
- Institute for Global Innovation and Development, East China Normal University, Shanghai200062, China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, LundSE–22236, Sweden
| | - Joshua Schimel
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA93108
| | - Peng Zhu
- Department of Geography, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong999077, Special Administrative Region of China
- Institute for Climate and Carbon Neutrality, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong999077, Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Ming Shao
- Key laboratory of oil and gas resources exploration and development in Gansu province, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou730000, China
| | | | - Qingbai Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering, Beilu’He Observation and Research Station on Tibetan Plateau, Northwest Institute of Eco–Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou730000, Gansu, China
- Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science and Frozen Soil Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou730000, Gansu, China
| | - Anping Chen
- Department of Biology and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO80523
| | - Bo Elberling
- Center for Permafrost, Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, CopenhagenDK1350, Denmark
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6
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Siegel T, Magrach A, Laurance WF, Luther D. A global meta-analysis of the impacts of forest fragmentation on biotic mutualisms and antagonisms. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2024; 38:e14206. [PMID: 37855172 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.14206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Forest fragmentation is a grave threat to biodiversity. Forests are becoming increasingly fragmented with more than 70% now < 1 km from forest edge. Although much is known about the effects of forest fragmentation on individual species, much less is understood about its effects on species interactions (i.e., mutualisms, antagonisms, etc.). In 2014, a previous meta-analysis assessed the impacts of forest fragmentation on different species interactions, across 82 studies. We pooled the previous data with data published in the last 10 years (combined total 104 studies and 168 effect sizes). We compared the new set of publications (22 studies and 32 effect sizes) with the old set to evaluate potential changes in species interactions over time given the global increase in fragmentation rates. Mutualisms were more negatively affected by forest fragmentation than antagonisms (p < 0.0001). Edge effects, fragment size, and degradation negatively affected mutualisms, but not antagonisms, a different finding from the original meta-analysis. Parasitic interactions increased as fragment size decreased (p < 0.0001)-an intriguing result at variance with earlier studies. New publications showed a more negative mean effect size of forest fragmentation on mutualisms than old publications. Although research is still limited for some interactions, we identified an important scientific trend: current research tends to focus on antagonisms. We concluded that forest fragmentation disrupts important species interactions and that this disruption has increased over time.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - William F Laurance
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
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7
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Wang Z, Chase JM, Xu W, Liu J, Wu D, Zhang A, Wang J, Luo Y, Yu M. Higher trophic levels and species with poorer dispersal traits are more susceptible to habitat loss on island fragments. Ecology 2024; 105:e4300. [PMID: 38650396 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Ongoing habitat loss and fragmentation caused by human activities represent one of the greatest causes of biodiversity loss. However, the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation are not felt equally among species. Here, we examined how habitat loss influenced the diversity and abundance of species from different trophic levels, with different traits, by taking advantage of an inadvertent experiment that created habitat islands from a once continuous forest via the creation of the Thousand Island Lake, a large reservoir in China. On 28 of these islands with more than a 9000-fold difference in their area (0.12-1154 ha), we sampled plants, herbivorous insects, and predatory insects using effort-controlled sampling and analyses. This allowed us to discern whether any observed differences in species diversity were due to passive sampling alone or to demographic effects that disproportionately influenced some species relative to others. We found that while most metrics of sampling effort-controlled diversity increased with island area, the strength of the effect was exacerbated for species in higher trophic levels. When we more explicitly examined differences in species composition among islands, we found that the pairwise difference in species composition among islands was dominated by species turnover but that nestedness increased with differences in island area, indicating that some species are more likely to be absent from smaller islands. Furthermore, by examining trends of several dispersal-related traits of species, we found that species with lower dispersal propensity tended to be those that were lost from smaller islands, which was observed for herbivorous and predatory insects. Our results emphasize the importance of incorporating within-patch demographic effects, as well as the taxa and traits of species when understanding the influence of habitat loss on biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghan Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jonathan M Chase
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Computer Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Wubing Xu
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Computer Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Jinliang Liu
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Donghao Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aiying Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jirui Wang
- School of Agricultural and Food Science, Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Luo
- College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mingjian Yu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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8
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Liu J, Zhao S, Tan L, Wang J, Song X, Zhang S, Chen F, Xu A. Human-Wildlife Conflict Mitigation Based on Damage, Distribution, and Activity: A Case Study of Wild Boar in Zhejiang, Eastern China. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1639. [PMID: 38891686 PMCID: PMC11171170 DOI: 10.3390/ani14111639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Human-wildlife conflicts are becoming increasingly common worldwide and are a challenge to biodiversity management. Compared with compensatory management, which often focuses on solving emergency conflicts, mitigation management allows decision-makers to better understand where the damage is distributed, how the species are distributed and when the species conduct their activity. Here, we integrated data collected from 90 districts/counties' damage surveys and 1271 camera traps to understand the damage status, abundance, density and activity rhythms of wild boar (Sus scrofa) in Zhejiang, Eastern China, from January 2019 to August 2023. We found that (1) wild boar-human conflicts were mainly distributed in the northwest and southwest mountainous regions of Zhejiang Province; (2) the total abundance of wild boar was 115,156 ± 24,072 individuals, indicating a growing trend over the past decade and a higher density in the western and southern regions; (3) wild boar exhibited different activity patterns across different damage regions, and the periods around 7:00, 11:00 and 16:00 represented activity peaks for wild boar in seriously damaged regions. The damage distribution, density, distribution and activity rhythms provide specific priority regions and activity intensity peaks for conflict mitigation. We believe that these findings based on the damage, distribution and activity could provide a scientific basis for mitigation management at the county level and enrich the framework of human-wildlife conflict mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junchen Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Yangtze River Delta Institute of Biodiversity Conservation and Utilization, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Shanshan Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Yangtze River Delta Institute of Biodiversity Conservation and Utilization, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Liping Tan
- College of Life Sciences, Yangtze River Delta Institute of Biodiversity Conservation and Utilization, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Jianwu Wang
- Zhejiang Forest Resources Monitoring Center, Hangzhou 310020, China
| | - Xiao Song
- College of Life Sciences, Yangtze River Delta Institute of Biodiversity Conservation and Utilization, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Shusheng Zhang
- The Management Center of Wuyanling National Natural Reserve in Zhejiang, Wenzhou 325500, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Zhejiang Forest Resources Monitoring Center, Hangzhou 310020, China
| | - Aichun Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Yangtze River Delta Institute of Biodiversity Conservation and Utilization, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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9
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Robinson JG, LaBruna D, O’Brien T, Clyne PJ, Dudley N, Andelman SJ, Bennett EL, Chicchon A, Durigan C, Grantham H, Kinnaird M, Lieberman S, Maisels F, Moreira A, Rao M, Stokes E, Walston J, Watson JEM. Scaling up area-based conservation to implement the Global Biodiversity Framework's 30x30 target: The role of Nature's Strongholds. PLoS Biol 2024; 22:e3002613. [PMID: 38771730 PMCID: PMC11108224 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF), signed in 2022 by Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity, recognized the importance of area-based conservation, and its goals and targets specify the characteristics of protected and conserved areas (PCAs) that disproportionately contribute to biodiversity conservation. To achieve the GBF's target of conserving a global area of 30% by 2030, this Essay argues for recognizing these characteristics and scaling them up through the conservation of areas that are: extensive (typically larger than 5,000 km2); have interconnected PCAs (either physically or as part of a jurisdictional network, and frequently embedded in larger conservation landscapes); have high ecological integrity; and are effectively managed and equitably governed. These areas are presented as "Nature's Strongholds," illustrated by examples from the Congo and Amazon basins. Conserving Nature's Strongholds offers an approach to scale up initiatives to address global threats to biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- John G. Robinson
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Danielle LaBruna
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | | | - Peter J. Clyne
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | | | - Sandy J. Andelman
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | | | - Avecita Chicchon
- Andes-Amazon Initiative, Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
| | - Carlos Durigan
- Wildlife Conservation Society Brasil, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Hedley Grantham
- Center for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Bush Heritage Australia, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Sue Lieberman
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Fiona Maisels
- Wildlife Conservation Society Congo, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
- Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom
| | - Adriana Moreira
- Global Environmental Facility, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Madhu Rao
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- World Commission on Protected Areas, International Union for Conservation of Nature, Gland, Switzerland
| | - Emma Stokes
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Joe Walston
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - James EM Watson
- School of The Environment, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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10
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Mo L, Zanella A, Squartini A, Ranzani G, Bolzonella C, Concheri G, Pindo M, Visentin F, Xu G. Anthropogenic vs. natural habitats: Higher microbial biodiversity pays the trade-off of lower connectivity. Microbiol Res 2024; 282:127651. [PMID: 38430888 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2024.127651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Climate change and anthropogenic disturbances are known to influence soil biodiversity. The objectives of this study were to compare the community composition, species coexistence patterns, and ecological assembly processes of soil microbial communities in a paired setting featuring a natural and an anthropogenic ecosystem facing each other at identical climatic, pedological, and vegetational conditions. A transect gradient from forest to seashore allowed for sampling across different habitats within both sites. The field survey was carried out at two adjacent strips of land within the Po River delta lagoon system (Veneto, Italy) one of which is protected within a natural preserve and the other has been converted for decades into a tourist resort. The anthropogenic pressure interestingly led to an increase in the α-diversity of soil microbes but was accompanied by a reduction in β-diversity. The community assembly mechanisms of microbial communities differentiate in natural and anthropic ecosystems: for bacteria, in natural ecosystems deterministic variables and homogeneous selection play a main role (51.92%), while stochastic dispersal limitation (52.15%) is critical in anthropized ecosystems; for fungi, stochastic dispersal limitation increases from 38.1% to 66.09% passing from natural to anthropized ecosystems. We are on calcareous sandy soils and in more natural ecosystems a variation of topsoil pH favors the deterministic selection of bacterial communities, while a divergence of K availability favors stochastic selection. In more anthropized ecosystems, the deterministic variable selection is influenced by the values of SOC. Microbial networks in the natural system exhibited higher numbers of nodes and network edges, as well as higher averages of path length, weighted degree, clustering coefficient, and density than its equivalent sites in the more anthropically impacted environment. The latter on the other hand presented a stronger modularity. Although the influence of stochastic processes increases in anthropized habitats, niche-based selection also proves to impose constraints on communities. Overall, the functionality of the relationships between groups of microorganisms co-existing in communities appeared more relevant to the concept of functional biodiversity in comparison to the plain number of their different taxa. Fewer but functionally more organized lineages displayed traits underscoring a better use of the resources than higher absolute numbers of taxa when those are not equally interconnected in their habitat exploitation. However, considering that network complexity can have important implications for microbial stability and ecosystem multifunctionality, the extinction of complex ecological interactions in anthropogenic habitats may impair important ecosystem services that soils provide us.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingzi Mo
- School of Geography and Remote Sensing, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
| | - Augusto Zanella
- Department Land Environment Agriculture and Forestry, University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, Legnaro 35020, Italy.
| | - Andrea Squartini
- Department Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals, Environment, University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, Legnaro 35020, Italy.
| | - Giulia Ranzani
- Department Land Environment Agriculture and Forestry, University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, Legnaro 35020, Italy.
| | - Cristian Bolzonella
- Department Land Environment Agriculture and Forestry, University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, Legnaro 35020, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Concheri
- Department Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals, Environment, University of Padua, Viale dell'Università 16, Legnaro 35020, Italy.
| | - Massimo Pindo
- Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige 38098, Italy.
| | - Francesca Visentin
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma 43124, Italy.
| | - Guoliang Xu
- School of Geography and Remote Sensing, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
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11
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Kang D, Sun Z, Tao J, Huang Y, Zhao T. Patterns of Tadpole β Diversity in Temperate Montane Streams. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1240. [PMID: 38672388 PMCID: PMC11047721 DOI: 10.3390/ani14081240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the spatial variation and formation mechanism of biological diversity is a hot topic in ecological studies. Comparing with α diversity, β diversity is more accurate in reflecting community dynamics. During the past decades, β diversity studies usually focused on plants, mammals, and birds. Studies of amphibian β diversity in montane ecosystems, in particular, tadpoles, are still rare. In this study, Mount Emei, located in southwestern China, was selected as the study area. We explored the tadpole β diversity in 18 streams, based on a two-year survey (2018-2019). Our results indicated a high total β diversity in tadpole assemblages, which was determined by both turnover and nestedness processes, and the dominant component was turnover. Both the total β diversity and turnover component were significantly and positively correlated with geographical, elevational, and environmental distances, but no significant relationship was detected between these and the nestedness component. Moreover, the independent contributions of river width, current velocity, and chlorophyll α were larger than that of geographical and elevational distance. Overall, tadpole β diversity was determined by both spatial and environmental factors, while the contribution of environmental factors was larger. Future studies can focus on functional and phylogenetic structures, to better understand the tadpole assembly process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Kang
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, China;
- College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Z.S.); (J.T.)
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization, Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zijian Sun
- College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Z.S.); (J.T.)
| | - Jiacheng Tao
- College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Z.S.); (J.T.)
| | - Yan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation (Ministry of Education), College of Life Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, China;
| | - Tian Zhao
- College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Z.S.); (J.T.)
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization, Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
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12
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O'Mahony ÉN, Sremba AL, Keen EM, Robinson N, Dundas A, Steel D, Wray J, Baker CS, Gaggiotti OE. Collecting baleen whale blow samples by drone: A minimally intrusive tool for conservation genetics. Mol Ecol Resour 2024:e13957. [PMID: 38576153 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
In coastal British Columbia, Canada, marine megafauna such as humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) and fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus velifera) have been subject to a history of exploitation and near extirpation. While their populations have been in recovery, significant threats are posed to these vulnerable species by proposed natural resource ventures in this region, in addition to the compounding effects of anthropogenic climate change. Genetic tools play a vital role in informing conservation efforts, but the associated collection of tissue biopsy samples can be challenging for the investigators and disruptive to the ongoing behaviour of the targeted whales. Here, we evaluate a minimally intrusive approach based on collecting exhaled breath condensate, or respiratory 'blow' samples, from baleen whales using an unoccupied aerial system (UAS), within Gitga'at First Nation territory for conservation genetics. Minimal behavioural responses to the sampling technique were observed, with no response detected 87% of the time (of 112 UAS deployments). DNA from whale blow (n = 88 samples) was extracted, and DNA profiles consisting of 10 nuclear microsatellite loci, sex identification and mitochondrial (mt) DNA haplotypes were constructed. An average of 7.5 microsatellite loci per individual were successfully genotyped. The success rates for mtDNA and sex assignment were 80% and 89% respectively. Thus, this minimally intrusive sampling method can be used to describe genetic diversity and generate genetic profiles for individual identification. The results of this research demonstrate the potential of UAS-collected whale blow for conservation genetics from a remote location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Éadin N O'Mahony
- Centre for Biological Diversity and Scottish Oceans Institute, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, UK
- North Coast Cetacean Society, Alert Bay, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Angela L Sremba
- Marine Mammal Institute, Hatfield Marine Science Centre, Oregon State University, Newport, Oregon, USA
- Cooperative Institute for Marine Ecosystem Resources, Oregon State University, Newport, Oregon, USA
| | - Eric M Keen
- North Coast Cetacean Society, Alert Bay, British Columbia, Canada
- Sewanee: The University of the South, Sewanee, Tennessee, USA
| | - Nicole Robinson
- Gitga'at Oceans and Lands Department, Hartley Bay, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Archie Dundas
- Gitga'at Oceans and Lands Department, Hartley Bay, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Debbie Steel
- Marine Mammal Institute, Hatfield Marine Science Centre, Oregon State University, Newport, Oregon, USA
| | - Janie Wray
- North Coast Cetacean Society, Alert Bay, British Columbia, Canada
| | - C Scott Baker
- Marine Mammal Institute, Hatfield Marine Science Centre, Oregon State University, Newport, Oregon, USA
| | - Oscar E Gaggiotti
- Centre for Biological Diversity and Scottish Oceans Institute, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, UK
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13
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Zheng S, Yu M, Webber BL, Didham RK. Intraspecific leaf trait variation mediates edge effects on litter decomposition rate in fragmented forests. Ecology 2024; 105:e4260. [PMID: 38353290 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
There is strong trait dependence in species-level responses to environmental change and their cascading effects on ecosystem functioning. However, there is little understanding of whether intraspecific trait variation (ITV) can also be an important mechanism mediating environmental effects on ecosystem functioning. This is surprising, given that global change processes such as habitat fragmentation and the creation of forest edges drive strong trait shifts within species. On 20 islands in the Thousand Island Lake, China, we quantified intraspecific leaf trait shifts of a widely distributed shrub species, Vaccinium carlesii, in response to habitat fragmentation. Using a reciprocal transplant decomposition experiment between forest edge and interior on 11 islands with varying areas, we disentangled the relative effects of intraspecific leaf trait variation versus altered environmental conditions on leaf decomposition rates in forest fragments. We found strong intraspecific variation in leaf traits in response to edge effects, with a shift toward recalcitrant leaves with low specific leaf area and high leaf dry matter content from forest interior to the edge. Using structural equation modeling, we showed that such intraspecific leaf trait response to habitat fragmentation had translated into significant plant afterlife effects on leaf decomposition, leading to decreased leaf decomposition rates from the forest interior to the edge. Importantly, the effects of intraspecific leaf trait variation were additive to and stronger than the effects from local environmental changes due to edge effects and habitat loss. Our experiment provides the first quantitative study showing that intraspecific leaf trait response to edge effects is an important driver of the decrease in leaf decomposition rate in fragmented forests. By extending the trait-based response-effect framework toward the individual level, intraspecific variation in leaf economics traits can provide the missing functional link between environmental change and ecological processes. These findings suggest an important area for future research on incorporating ITV to understand and predict changes in ecosystem functioning in the context of global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilu Zheng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Centre for Environment and Life Sciences, Floreat, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Mingjian Yu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Bruce L Webber
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Centre for Environment and Life Sciences, Floreat, Western Australia, Australia
- Western Australian Biodiversity Science Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Raphael K Didham
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Centre for Environment and Life Sciences, Floreat, Western Australia, Australia
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14
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Yan Y, Jarvie S, Zhang Q. Habitat loss weakens the positive relationship between grassland plant richness and above-ground biomass. eLife 2024; 12:RP91193. [PMID: 38497752 PMCID: PMC10948147 DOI: 10.7554/elife.91193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Habitat loss and fragmentation per se have been shown to be a major threat to global biodiversity and ecosystem function. However, little is known about how habitat loss and fragmentation per se alters the relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem function (BEF relationship) in the natural landscape context. Based on 130 landscapes identified by a stratified random sampling in the agro-pastoral ecotone of northern China, we investigated the effects of landscape context (habitat loss and fragmentation per se) on plant richness, above-ground biomass, and the relationship between them in grassland communities using a structural equation model. We found that habitat loss directly decreased plant richness and hence decreased above-ground biomass, while fragmentation per se directly increased plant richness and hence increased above-ground biomass. Fragmentation per se also directly decreased soil water content and hence decreased above-ground biomass. Meanwhile, habitat loss decreased the magnitude of the positive relationship between plant richness and above-ground biomass by reducing the percentage of grassland specialists in the community, while fragmentation per se had no significant modulating effect on this relationship. These results demonstrate that habitat loss and fragmentation per se have inconsistent effects on BEF, with the BEF relationship being modulated by landscape context. Our findings emphasise that habitat loss rather than fragmentation per se can weaken the positive BEF relationship by decreasing the degree of habitat specialisation of the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongzhi Yan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia UniversityHohhotChina
| | | | - Qing Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia UniversityHohhotChina
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Grassland Ecological Security (Jointly Supported by the Ministry of Education of China and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region)HohhotChina
- Autonomous Region Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrated Management of Water Resources and Water Environment in the Inner Mongolia Reaches of the Yellow RiverHohhotChina
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15
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Savary P, Lessard JP, Peres-Neto PR. Heterogeneous dispersal networks to improve biodiversity science. Trends Ecol Evol 2024; 39:229-238. [PMID: 37891075 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2023.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Dispersal has a key role in shaping spatial patterns of biodiversity, yet its spatial heterogeneity is often overlooked in biodiversity analyses and management strategies. Properly parameterised heterogeneous dispersal networks capture the complex interplay between landscape structure and species-specific dispersal capacities. However, this heterogeneity is recurrently neglected when studying the processes underlying biodiversity variation. To address this gap, we introduce a conceptual framework detailing the fundamental processes driving dispersal heterogeneity and its effects on biodiversity dynamics. We propose methods to parameterise heterogeneous dispersal networks, facilitating their integration into commonly used quantitative frameworks for biodiversity analyses. By considering the architecture of heterogeneous dispersal networks, we demonstrate their critical role in guiding biodiversity management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Savary
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada.
| | - Jean-Philippe Lessard
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Pedro R Peres-Neto
- Department of Biology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC, H4B 1R6, Canada
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16
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Ran WW, Luo GM, Zhao YQ, Li C, Dietrich CH, Song YH. Climate change may drive the distribution of tribe Zyginelline pests in China and the Indo-China Peninsula to shift towards higher latitude river-mountain systems. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:613-626. [PMID: 37740940 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tribe Zyginelline leafhoppers can transmit plant viruses and are important pests that affect agriculture, forestry, and animal husbandry, causing serious economic losses. The potential distribution patterns of Zyginellini will change under climate change. Therefore, the best-performing random forest and maximum entropy models among 12 commonly used ecological niche models, alongside an ensemble model, were selected to predict the changes in habitat suitability distribution of Zyginellini under current and future climate scenarios [represented by two shared socio-economic pathways (SSPs), namely SSP126 and SSP585, for three periods (2050s, 2070s, and 2090s)] in China and the Indo-China Peninsula for the first time. RESULTS The results revealed that the distribution of Zyginellini was mainly dominated by minimum temperature of coldest month. Under current and future climate scenarios, Zyginellini was mostly distributed southeast of the 400 mm equivalent precipitation line in China, and Vietnam. Under the future SSP126 scenario, the alert areas will mainly be concentrated in Hunan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Anhui, and Hebei in China, alongside Myanmar and Thailand in the Indo-China Peninsula. Meanwhile, in the SSP585 scenario, the alert areas in China will increase, whereas there will be little change in the Indo-China Peninsula. Interestingly, from the current to the future, the cores of Zyginelline distribution occurred around rivers and mountains, and shifted from Guizhou along the Yuanjiang River system to higher latitudes in Hunan. CONCLUSION Zyginellini prefers higher latitude river-mountain systems under climate change. Our results will contribute to effective pest control strategies and biogeographical research for Zyginellini alongside other Cicadellidae insects. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wei Ran
- School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University/State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertification Control, Guiyang, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insect of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang University, Guiyang, China
| | - Gui-Mei Luo
- School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University/State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertification Control, Guiyang, China
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insect of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yuan-Qi Zhao
- School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University/State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertification Control, Guiyang, China
| | - Can Li
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insect of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang University, Guiyang, China
| | - Christopher H Dietrich
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Yue-Hua Song
- School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University/State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertification Control, Guiyang, China
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17
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Labadie G, Bouderbala I, Boulanger Y, Béland JM, Hébert C, Allard A, Hebblewhite M, Fortin D. The umbrella value of caribou management strategies for biodiversity conservation in boreal forests under global change. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 907:168087. [PMID: 37879475 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Single-species conservation management is often proposed to preserve biodiversity in human-disturbed landscapes. How global change will impact the umbrella value of single-species management strategies remains an open question of critical conservation importance. We assessed the effectiveness of threatened boreal caribou as an umbrella for bird and beetle conservation under global change. We combined mechanistic, spatially explicit models of forest dynamics and predator-prey interactions to forecast the impact of management strategies on the survival of boreal caribou in boreal forest. We then used predictive models of species occupancy to characterize concurrent impacts on bird and beetle diversity. Landscapes were simulated based on three scenarios of climate change and four of forest management. We found that strategies that best mitigate human impact on boreal caribou were an effective umbrella for maintaining bird and beetle assemblages. While we detected a stronger effect of land-use change compared to climate change, the umbrella value of management strategies for caribou habitat conservation were still impacted by the severity of climate change. Our results showed an interplay among changes in forest attributes, boreal caribou mortality, as well as bird and beetle species assemblages. The conservation status of some species mandates the development of recovery strategies, highlighting the importance of our study which shows that single-species conservation can have important umbrella benefits despite global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillemette Labadie
- Centre d'Étude de la Forêt, Département de biologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Ilhem Bouderbala
- Département de biologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; Département de physique, de génie physique et d'optique, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Yan Boulanger
- Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, Quebec City, QC G1V4C7, Canada
| | - Jean-Michel Béland
- Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, Quebec City, QC G1V4C7, Canada
| | - Christian Hébert
- Canadian Forest Service, Natural Resources Canada, Quebec City, QC G1V4C7, Canada
| | - Antoine Allard
- Département de physique, de génie physique et d'optique, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Mark Hebblewhite
- Wildlife Biology Program, Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - Daniel Fortin
- Centre d'Étude de la Forêt, Département de biologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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18
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Wang D, Hao H, Liu H, Sun L, Li Y. Spatial-temporal changes of landscape and habitat quality in typical ecologically fragile areas of western China over the past 40 years: A case study of the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e10847. [PMID: 38264335 PMCID: PMC10803225 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we use the InVEST model and five periods of land use data from 1980 to 2020 to assess the habitat quality of the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region in Western China, which has characteristics of a typical fragile ecosystem. We further analyse the spatial and temporal characteristics of habitat quality evolution and its relationship with land use and landscape pattern indices to explore the close relationship between regional habitat quality changes and human natural resource conservation and utilization. The research results show that the overall habitat quality of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region was stable and at a moderate level (0.57-0.60) during the 40 years from 1980 to 2020; Habitat patches (2020) with low (24.89%), high (22.45%) and very high (29.81%) quality occupy a larger proportion of the area, followed by very low (13.31%) and moderate levels (9.54%). Over the past 40 years, there have been 275 sample sites in Ningxia where habitat quality has deteriorated, 1593 sample sites where the habitat quality has remained stable, and 184 sample sites where the habitat quality has increased. From 1980 to 2020, the Mean Patch Area of landscape types in Ningxia decreased by 25.9 hm2. The Patch Density increased by 0.06 /hm2. The Largest Patch Index decreased by 15.69%. The Edge Density increased by 2.5 m/hm2. The Contagion Index decreased by 2.99%. The Area-Weighted Mean Patch Fractal Dimension remained basically unchanged (0.01). The Landscape Shape Index showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, increasing by 13.94. The Area-Weighted Mean Shape Index has been reduced by 9.45. The Shannon Diversity Index and Shannon Evenness Index both show an increasing trend, but the amplitude is relatively small, with 0.09 and 0.04, respectively. There was a significant spatial aggregation of high and low habitat quality in Ningxia, with high values usually distributed in the northern and southern areas with good natural conditions and low values distributed in areas with frequent human activities and poor natural conditions. The decrease in habitat quality in Ningxia was mainly due to the expansion of cultivated land and construction land, the increase in landscape fragmentation and the resulting decrease in connectivity. On the other hand, due to the implementation of ecological protection measures, such as the project of returning farmland to pasture and grass to forest, the quality of habitats in Ningxia increased. The conclusions of this study support the idea that the conservation of habitat quality in ecologically fragile areas should fully preserve the original natural habitats and reduce the interference of human activities to increase the habitat suitability of the landscape and the habitat connectivity between patches. At the same time, targeted ecological protection policies should be developed to restore the areas where the habitat quality has been damaged and ultimately maintain the stability of biodiversity and ecosystems in ecologically fragile areas. Meanwhile, for ecologically fragile areas with similar ecological characteristics to those of Ningxia, our research supports the idea of increasing the protection of the stability of the original habitats, increasing the proportion of ecological restoration projects, financial investment and seeking cooperation with local community managers and residents will help to improve the quality of the regional habitats and the enrichment of the biodiversity, and ultimately promote the harmonious coexistence of human beings and nature in the modernized sense of the word.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Wang
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijingChina
- China National Environmental Monitoring CentreBeijingChina
| | - Haiguang Hao
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Hao Liu
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Lihui Sun
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Yuyang Li
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijingChina
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19
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Olán-González M, Briones-Fourzán P, Lozano-Álvarez E, Acosta-González G, Alvarez-Filip L. Similar functional composition of fish assemblages despite contrasting levels of habitat degradation on shallow Caribbean coral reefs. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0295238. [PMID: 38150437 PMCID: PMC10752542 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional trait-based approaches provide an opportunity to assess how changes in habitat affect the structure of associated communities. Global analyses have found a similarity in the composition of reef fish functional traits despite differences in species richness, environmental regimes, and habitat components. These large-scale patterns raised the question of whether this same stability can be observed at smaller spatial scales. Here, we compared the fish trait composition and their functional diversity in two Caribbean shallow coral reefs with contrasting levels of habitat degradation: Limones (>30% cover), constituted mainly by colonies of Acropora palmata and Bonanza, a reef with extensive areas of dead Acropora structures, dominated by algae. To characterize the functional structure of fishes on each reef, we calculated the community-weighted mean trait values (CWM), functional richness, functional evenness, functional dispersion, and functional originality. Despite the differences in habitat quality, reefs exhibited a similar proportion and common structure on fish functional traits. Functional richness and functional evenness differed significantly, but functional dispersion and functional originality did not show differences between reefs. The greater niche complexity driven by the high availability of microhabitats provided by A. palmata may explain the higher functional richness in Limones, whereas the reef degradation in Bonanza may contribute to a higher functional evenness because of a similar distribution of abundance per fish trait combinations. Our results suggest that widespread degradation on Caribbean reefs has limited the type, variety, and range of traits, which could lead to a functional homogenization of fish communities even at local scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Olán-González
- Posgrado en Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, México
- Biodiversity and Reef Conservation Laboratory. Unidad Académica de Sistemas Arrecifales, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Puerto Morelos, Quintana Roo, México
| | - Patricia Briones-Fourzán
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Crustáceos. Unidad Académica de Sistemas Arrecifales, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Puerto Morelos, Quintana Roo, México
| | - Enrique Lozano-Álvarez
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Crustáceos. Unidad Académica de Sistemas Arrecifales, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Puerto Morelos, Quintana Roo, México
| | - Gilberto Acosta-González
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán A.C. Unidad de Ciencias del Agua, Cancún, Quintana Roo, México
| | - Lorenzo Alvarez-Filip
- Biodiversity and Reef Conservation Laboratory. Unidad Académica de Sistemas Arrecifales, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Puerto Morelos, Quintana Roo, México
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20
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Zhang H, Bearup D, Barabás G, Fagan WF, Nijs I, Chen D, Liao J. Complex nonmonotonic responses of biodiversity to habitat destruction. Ecology 2023; 104:e4177. [PMID: 37782819 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
It has typically been assumed that habitat destruction, characterized by habitat loss and fragmentation, has consistently negative effects on biodiversity. While numerous empirical studies have shown the detrimental effects of habitat loss, debate continues as to whether habitat fragmentation has universally negative effects. To explore the effects of habitat fragmentation, we developed a simple model for site-occupancy dynamics in fragmented landscapes. With the model, we demonstrate that a competition-colonization trade-off can result in nonlinear oscillatory responses in biodiversity to both habitat loss and fragmentation. However, the overall pattern of habitat loss reducing species richness is still established, in line with empirical observations. Interestingly, the existence of localized oscillations in biodiversity can explain the mixed responses of species richness to habitat fragmentation per se observed in nature, thereby reconciling the debate on the fragmentation-diversity relationship. Therefore, this study offers a parsimonious mechanistic explanation for empirically observed biodiversity patterns in response to habitat destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research, School of Geography and Environment, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Daniel Bearup
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Actuarial Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - György Barabás
- Division of Theoretical Biology, Department IFM, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Institute of Evolution, Centre for Ecological Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - William F Fagan
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Ivan Nijs
- Research Group Plants and Ecosystems, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Dongdong Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinbao Liao
- Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetland and Watershed Research, School of Geography and Environment, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
- Centre for Invasion Biology, Institute of Biodiversity, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
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21
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Yue W, Zhou Q, Li M, van Vliet J. Relocating built-up land for biodiversity conservation in an uncertain future. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 345:118706. [PMID: 37536125 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Land use changes associated with habitat loss, fragmentation, and degradation exert profoundly detrimental impacts on biodiversity conservation. Urban development is one of the prevailing anthropogenic disturbances to wildlife habitat, because these developments are often considered permanent and irreversible. As a result, the potential benefits of built-up land relocation for biodiversity conservation have remained largely unexplored in environmental management practices. Here, we analyze recent built-up land relocation in Shanghai and explore how such restoration programs can affect future land change trajectories with regards to biodiversity conservation. Results show that 187.78 km2 built-up land in Shanghai was restored to natural habitat between 2017 and 2020. Further simulation analysis highlights that relocating built-up land can substantially promote conserve biodiversity. In particular, there would be less habitat loss, better natural habitat quality and more species habitat-suitable range under the scenarios with built-up land relocation. Species extinction assessment suggest that amphibians, mammals, and reptiles will all have an increasingly high extinction risk without built-up land relocation. However, there will even be a marginal decrease in extinction risk over time for mammals and reptiles if the relocation of built-up land is permitted, but still a moderate increase in extinction risk for amphibians. This study highlights the importance of incorporating rigorous conservation planning prior to development activities, thereby underpinning a sustainable approach to environmental management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenze Yue
- Department of Land Management, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiushi Zhou
- Department of Land Management, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengmeng Li
- Department of Land Management, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Institute for Environmental Studies, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, CH-8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland.
| | - Jasper van Vliet
- Institute for Environmental Studies, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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22
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Riva F, Fahrig L. Obstruction of biodiversity conservation by minimum patch size criteria. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2023; 37:e14092. [PMID: 37021385 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.14092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Minimum patch size criteria for habitat protection reflect the conservation principle that a single large (SL) patch of habitat has higher biodiversity than several small (SS) patches of the same total area (SL > SS). Nonetheless, this principle is often incorrect, and biodiversity conservation requires placing more emphasis on protection of large numbers of small patches (SS > SL). We used a global database reporting the abundances of species across hundreds of patches to assess the SL > SS principle in systems where small patches are much smaller than the typical minimum patch size criteria applied for biodiversity conservation (i.e., ∼85% of patches <100 ha). The 76 metacommunities we examined included 4401 species in 1190 patches. From each metacommunity, we resampled species-area accumulation curves to evaluate how biodiversity responded to habitat existing as a few large patches or as many small patches. Counter to the SL > SS principle and consistent with previous syntheses, species richness accumulated more rapidly when adding several small patches (45.2% SS > SL vs. 19.9% SL > SS) to reach the same cumulative area, even for the very small patches in our data set. Responses of taxa to habitat fragmentation differed, which suggests that when a given total area of habitat is to be protected, overall biodiversity conservation will be most effective if that habitat is composed of as many small patches as possible, plus a few large ones. Because minimum patch size criteria often require larger patches than the small patches we examined, our results suggest that such criteria hinder efforts to protect biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Riva
- Spatial Ecology Group, Department of Ecology and Evolution, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lenore Fahrig
- Geomatics and Landscape Ecology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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23
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Liu J, Zhou M, Li X, Li T, Jiang H, Zhao L, Chen S, Tian J, Han W. Phosphorus Addition Reduces Seedling Growth and Survival for the Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Tree Cinnamomum camphora (Lauraceae) and Ectomycorrhizal Tree Castanopsis sclerophylla (Fagaceae) in Fragmented Forests in Eastern China. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2946. [PMID: 37631158 PMCID: PMC10458558 DOI: 10.3390/plants12162946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Global changes in nutrient deposition rates and habitat fragmentation are likely to have profound effects on plant communities, particularly in the nutrient-limited systems of the tropics and subtropics. However, it remains unclear how increased phosphorus (P) supply affects seedling growth in P-deficient subtropical fragmented forests. To explore this, we applied P to 11 islands in a subtropical Chinese archipelago and examined the results in combination with a contemporary greenhouse experiment to test the influence of P addition on seedling growth and survival. We measured the growth (i.e., base area) and mortality rate of seedlings for one arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and one ectomycorrhizal (EcM) tree species separately and calculated their relative growth rate and mortality when compared with P addition and control treatment on each island. We also measured three functional traits and the biomass of seedlings in the greenhouse experiment. Results showed that P addition significantly increased the mortality of AM and EcM seedlings and reduced the growth rate of EcM seedlings. The relative growth rate of AM seedlings, but not EcM seedlings, significantly decreased as the island area decreased, suggesting that P addition could promote the relative growth rate of AM seedlings on larger islands. The greenhouse experiment showed that P addition could reduce the specific root length of AM and EcM seedlings and reduce the aboveground and total biomass of seedlings, indicating that P addition may affect the resource acquisition of seedlings, thereby affecting their survival and growth. Our study reveals the synergistic influence of habitat fragmentation and P deposition, which may affect the regeneration of forest communities and biodiversity maintenance in fragmented habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinliang Liu
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (J.L.); (M.Z.); (X.L.); (T.L.); (H.J.); (L.Z.); (S.C.); (J.T.)
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Mengsi Zhou
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (J.L.); (M.Z.); (X.L.); (T.L.); (H.J.); (L.Z.); (S.C.); (J.T.)
| | - Xue Li
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (J.L.); (M.Z.); (X.L.); (T.L.); (H.J.); (L.Z.); (S.C.); (J.T.)
| | - Tianxiang Li
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (J.L.); (M.Z.); (X.L.); (T.L.); (H.J.); (L.Z.); (S.C.); (J.T.)
| | - Haoyue Jiang
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (J.L.); (M.Z.); (X.L.); (T.L.); (H.J.); (L.Z.); (S.C.); (J.T.)
| | - Luping Zhao
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (J.L.); (M.Z.); (X.L.); (T.L.); (H.J.); (L.Z.); (S.C.); (J.T.)
| | - Shuman Chen
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (J.L.); (M.Z.); (X.L.); (T.L.); (H.J.); (L.Z.); (S.C.); (J.T.)
| | - Jingying Tian
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (J.L.); (M.Z.); (X.L.); (T.L.); (H.J.); (L.Z.); (S.C.); (J.T.)
| | - Wenjuan Han
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; (J.L.); (M.Z.); (X.L.); (T.L.); (H.J.); (L.Z.); (S.C.); (J.T.)
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
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24
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Gonzalez A, Chase JM, O'Connor MI. A framework for the detection and attribution of biodiversity change. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20220182. [PMID: 37246383 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The causes of biodiversity change are of great scientific interest and central to policy efforts aimed at meeting biodiversity targets. Changes in species diversity and high rates of compositional turnover have been reported worldwide. In many cases, trends in biodiversity are detected, but these trends are rarely causally attributed to possible drivers. A formal framework and guidelines for the detection and attribution of biodiversity change is needed. We propose an inferential framework to guide detection and attribution analyses, which identifies five steps-causal modelling, observation, estimation, detection and attribution-for robust attribution. This workflow provides evidence of biodiversity change in relation to hypothesized impacts of multiple potential drivers and can eliminate putative drivers from contention. The framework encourages a formal and reproducible statement of confidence about the role of drivers after robust methods for trend detection and attribution have been deployed. Confidence in trend attribution requires that data and analyses used in all steps of the framework follow best practices reducing uncertainty at each step. We illustrate these steps with examples. This framework could strengthen the bridge between biodiversity science and policy and support effective actions to halt biodiversity loss and the impacts this has on ecosystems. This article is part of the theme issue 'Detecting and attributing the causes of biodiversity change: needs, gaps and solutions'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Gonzalez
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada H3A 1B1
- Quebec Centre for Biodiversity Science, Montreal, Canada H3A 1B1
| | - Jonathan M Chase
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig 04103, Germany
- Institute of Computer Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale) 06099, Germany
| | - Mary I O'Connor
- Department of Zoology and Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA
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25
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Dornelas M, Chase JM, Gotelli NJ, Magurran AE, McGill BJ, Antão LH, Blowes SA, Daskalova GN, Leung B, Martins IS, Moyes F, Myers-Smith IH, Thomas CD, Vellend M. Looking back on biodiversity change: lessons for the road ahead. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20220199. [PMID: 37246380 PMCID: PMC10225864 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Estimating biodiversity change across the planet in the context of widespread human modification is a critical challenge. Here, we review how biodiversity has changed in recent decades across scales and taxonomic groups, focusing on four diversity metrics: species richness, temporal turnover, spatial beta-diversity and abundance. At local scales, change across all metrics includes many examples of both increases and declines and tends to be centred around zero, but with higher prevalence of declining trends in beta-diversity (increasing similarity in composition across space or biotic homogenization) and abundance. The exception to this pattern is temporal turnover, with changes in species composition through time observed in most local assemblages. Less is known about change at regional scales, although several studies suggest that increases in richness are more prevalent than declines. Change at the global scale is the hardest to estimate accurately, but most studies suggest extinction rates are probably outpacing speciation rates, although both are elevated. Recognizing this variability is essential to accurately portray how biodiversity change is unfolding, and highlights how much remains unknown about the magnitude and direction of multiple biodiversity metrics at different scales. Reducing these blind spots is essential to allow appropriate management actions to be deployed. This article is part of the theme issue 'Detecting and attributing the causes of biodiversity change: needs, gaps and solutions'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Dornelas
- Centre for Biological Diversity, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TH, UK
- Guia Marine Laboratory, MARE, Faculdade de Ciencias da Universidade de Lisboa, Cascais 2750-374, Portugal
- Leverhulme Centre for Anthropocene Biodiversity, Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Jonathan M. Chase
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig 04103, Germany
- Department of Computer Sciences, Martin Luther University, Halle-Wittenberg 06099, Germany
| | | | - Anne E Magurran
- Centre for Biological Diversity, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TH, UK
| | - Brian J McGill
- School of Biology and Ecology and Mitchell Center for Sustainability Solutions, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Laura H. Antão
- Research Centre for Ecological Change, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki,Finland
| | - Shane A. Blowes
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Halle-Jena-Leipzig 04103, Germany
- Department of Computer Sciences, Martin Luther University, Halle-Wittenberg 06099, Germany
| | - Gergana N. Daskalova
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg 2361, Austria
| | - Brian Leung
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada H3A 1B1
| | - Inês S. Martins
- Centre for Biological Diversity, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TH, UK
- Leverhulme Centre for Anthropocene Biodiversity, Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Faye Moyes
- Centre for Biological Diversity, University of St Andrews, St Andrews KY16 9TH, UK
| | | | - Chris D Thomas
- Leverhulme Centre for Anthropocene Biodiversity, Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Mark Vellend
- Leverhulme Centre for Anthropocene Biodiversity, Department of Biology, University of York, Wentworth Way, York YO10 5DD, UK
- Département de biologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada J1K 2R1
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26
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Zheng J, Sun N, Yan J, Liu C, Yin S. Decoupling between carbon source and sink induced by responses of daily stem growth to water availability in subtropical urban forests. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 877:162802. [PMID: 36924954 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Urban forests are anticipated to offer sustainable ecosystem services, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of the ways in which trees respond to environmental changes. This study monitored stem radius fluctuations in Cinnamomum camphora and Taxodium distichum var. imbricatum trees using high-resolution dendrometers at two sites, respectively. Gross primary production (GPP) was measured using eddy-covariance techniques and aggregated to daily sums. Hourly and daily stem radius fluctuations were estimated across both species, and the responses of stems to radiation (Rg), air temperature (Tair), vapor pressure deficit (VPD), and soil humidity (SoilH) were quantified using Bayesian linear models. The diel growth patterns of the monitored trees showed similar characteristics at the species level. Results revealed that trees growth occurred primarily at night, with the lowest hourly contribution to total growth and probability for growth occurring in the afternoon. Furthermore, the Bayesian models indicated that VPD was the most important driver of daily growth and growth probability. After considering the potential constraints imposed by VPD, a modified Gompertz equation showed good performance, with R2 ranging from 0.94 to 0.99 for the relationship between accumulative growth and time. Bayes-based model-independent data assimilation using advanced Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms provided deeper insights into nonlinear model parameterization. Finally, the quantified relationship between GPP and stem daily growth revealed that the decoupling between carbon source and sink increased with VPD. These findings provided direct empirical evidence for VPD as a key driver of daily growth patterns and raise questions about carbon neutrality accounting under future climate change given the uncertainties induced by increased water stress limitations on carbon utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Zheng
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ningxiao Sun
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Urban Forest Ecosystem Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Yangtze River Delta Eco-Environmental Change and Management Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jingli Yan
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Urban Forest Ecosystem Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Yangtze River Delta Eco-Environmental Change and Management Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chunjiang Liu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Urban Forest Ecosystem Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Yangtze River Delta Eco-Environmental Change and Management Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Shan Yin
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Urban Forest Ecosystem Research Station, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shanghai 200240, China; Shanghai Yangtze River Delta Eco-Environmental Change and Management Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200240, China; Key Laboratory for Urban Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 200240, China.
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27
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Austin AT, Ballaré CL. Attackers gain the upper hand over plants in the face of rapid global change. Curr Biol 2023; 33:R611-R620. [PMID: 37279692 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.03.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Interactions among organisms in natural ecosystems are the foundational underpinnings of nearly all ecological studies. It has never been more important to increase our awareness of how these interactions are altered by human activity, threatening biodiversity and disrupting ecosystem functioning. Much of the historic focus of species conservation has been the preservation of endangered and endemic species at risk from hunting, over-exploitation, and habitat destruction. However, there is increasing evidence that differences between plants and their attacking organisms in the speed and direction of physiological, demographic, and genetic (adaptation) responses to global change are having devastating consequences, resulting in large-scale losses of dominant or abundant plant species, particularly in forest ecosystems. From the elimination in the wild of the American chestnut to the extensive regional damage caused by insect outbreaks in temperate forest ecosystems, these losses of dominant species change the ecological landscape and functioning, and represent important threats to biodiversity at all scales. Introductions due to human activity, range shifts due to climate change, and their combination are the principal drivers behind these profound ecosystem changes. In this Review, we argue that there is an urgent need to increase our recognition and hone our predictive power for how these imbalances may occur. Moreover, we should seek to minimize the consequences of these imbalances in order to ensure the preservation of the structure, function and biodiversity of entire ecosystems, not just rare or highly endangered species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy T Austin
- IFEVA, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Carlos L Ballaré
- IFEVA, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martín 4453, C1417DSE, Buenos Aires, Argentina; IIB-INTECH, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, B1650HMP Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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28
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Zemp DC, Guerrero-Ramirez N, Brambach F, Darras K, Grass I, Potapov A, Röll A, Arimond I, Ballauff J, Behling H, Berkelmann D, Biagioni S, Buchori D, Craven D, Daniel R, Gailing O, Ellsäßer F, Fardiansah R, Hennings N, Irawan B, Khokthong W, Krashevska V, Krause A, Kückes J, Li K, Lorenz H, Maraun M, Merk MS, Moura CCM, Mulyani YA, Paterno GB, Pebrianti HD, Polle A, Prameswari DA, Sachsenmaier L, Scheu S, Schneider D, Setiajiati F, Setyaningsih CA, Sundawati L, Tscharntke T, Wollni M, Hölscher D, Kreft H. Tree islands enhance biodiversity and functioning in oil palm landscapes. Nature 2023; 618:316-321. [PMID: 37225981 PMCID: PMC10247383 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06086-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In the United Nations Decade on Ecosystem Restoration1, large knowledge gaps persist on how to increase biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in cash crop-dominated tropical landscapes2. Here, we present findings from a large-scale, 5-year ecosystem restoration experiment in an oil palm landscape enriched with 52 tree islands, encompassing assessments of ten indicators of biodiversity and 19 indicators of ecosystem functioning. Overall, indicators of biodiversity and ecosystem functioning, as well as multidiversity and ecosystem multifunctionality, were higher in tree islands compared to conventionally managed oil palm. Larger tree islands led to larger gains in multidiversity through changes in vegetation structure. Furthermore, tree enrichment did not decrease landscape-scale oil palm yield. Our results demonstrate that enriching oil palm-dominated landscapes with tree islands is a promising ecological restoration strategy, yet should not replace the protection of remaining forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Clara Zemp
- Conservation Biology, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Nathaly Guerrero-Ramirez
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Fabian Brambach
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kevin Darras
- Agroecology, Department of Crop Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Science, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ingo Grass
- Ecology of Tropical Agricultural Systems, Institute of Agricultural Sciences in the Tropics, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Anton Potapov
- Animal Ecology, J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alexander Röll
- Tropical Silviculture and Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Isabelle Arimond
- Agroecology, Department of Crop Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Science, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Functional Agrobiodiversity, Dept. of Crop Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Science, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Johannes Ballauff
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hermann Behling
- Department of Palynology and Climate Dynamics, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dirk Berkelmann
- Department of Genomic and Applied Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Siria Biagioni
- Department of Palynology and Climate Dynamics, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Damayanti Buchori
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Jl. Meranti, IPB Dramaga Campus, Bogor, Indonesia
- Center for Transdisciplinary and Sustainability Sciences, IPB University, Jalan Pajajaran, Indonesia
| | - Dylan Craven
- Centre for Ecosystem Modeling and Monitoring, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rolf Daniel
- Department of Genomic and Applied Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Gailing
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Forest Genetics and Forest Tree Breeding, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Florian Ellsäßer
- Tropical Silviculture and Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Natural Resources, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Riko Fardiansah
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Zoological Museum, Center of Natural History, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
- Faculty of Forestry, University of Jambi Jln Raya Jambi, Jambi, Indonesia
| | - Nina Hennings
- Biogeochemistry of Agroecosystems, Faculty of Agricultural Science, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bambang Irawan
- Faculty of Forestry, University of Jambi Jln Raya Jambi, Jambi, Indonesia
| | - Watit Khokthong
- Tropical Silviculture and Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Valentyna Krashevska
- Animal Ecology, J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alena Krause
- Animal Ecology, J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Johanna Kückes
- Tropical Silviculture and Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kevin Li
- Agroecology, Department of Crop Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Science, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hendrik Lorenz
- Tropical Silviculture and Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mark Maraun
- Animal Ecology, J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Miryam Sarah Merk
- Chairs of Statistics and Econometrics, Faculty of Business and Economics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Carina C M Moura
- Forest Genetics and Forest Tree Breeding, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Yeni A Mulyani
- Forest Resources Conservation and Ecotourism, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, IPB University, Kampus IPB Darmaga, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Gustavo B Paterno
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Andrea Polle
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Di Ajeng Prameswari
- Animal Ecology, J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lena Sachsenmaier
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan Scheu
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Animal Ecology, J.F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dominik Schneider
- Department of Genomic and Applied Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Fitta Setiajiati
- Department of Forest Management, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, IPB University, Kampus IPB Darmaga, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Christina Ani Setyaningsih
- Department of Palynology and Climate Dynamics, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Leti Sundawati
- Department of Forest Management, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, IPB University, Kampus IPB Darmaga, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Teja Tscharntke
- Agroecology, Department of Crop Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Science, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Meike Wollni
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Environmental and Resource Economics, Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dirk Hölscher
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Tropical Silviculture and Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Holger Kreft
- Biodiversity, Macroecology and Biogeography, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Ibáñez I, Petri L, Barnett DT, Beaury EM, Blumenthal DM, Corbin JD, Diez J, Dukes JS, Early R, Pearse IS, Sorte CJB, Vilà M, Bradley B. Combining local, landscape, and regional geographies to assess plant community vulnerability to invasion impact. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2023; 33:e2821. [PMID: 36806368 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Invasive species science has focused heavily on the invasive agent. However, management to protect native species also requires a proactive approach focused on resident communities and the features affecting their vulnerability to invasion impacts. Vulnerability is likely the result of factors acting across spatial scales, from local to regional, and it is the combined effects of these factors that will determine the magnitude of vulnerability. Here, we introduce an analytical framework that quantifies the scale-dependent impact of biological invasions on native richness from the shape of the native species-area relationship (SAR). We leveraged newly available, biogeographically extensive vegetation data from the U.S. National Ecological Observatory Network to assess plant community vulnerability to invasion impact as a function of factors acting across scales. We analyzed more than 1000 SARs widely distributed across the USA along environmental gradients and under different levels of non-native plant cover. Decreases in native richness were consistently associated with non-native species cover, but native richness was compromised only at relatively high levels of non-native cover. After accounting for variation in baseline ecosystem diversity, net primary productivity, and human modification, ecoregions that were colder and wetter were most vulnerable to losses of native plant species at the local level, while warmer and wetter areas were most susceptible at the landscape level. We also document how the combined effects of cross-scale factors result in a heterogeneous spatial pattern of vulnerability. This pattern could not be predicted by analyses at any single scale, underscoring the importance of accounting for factors acting across scales. Simultaneously assessing differences in vulnerability between distinct plant communities at local, landscape, and regional scales provided outputs that can be used to inform policy and management aimed at reducing vulnerability to the impact of plant invasions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Ibáñez
- School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Laís Petri
- School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - David T Barnett
- Battelle, National Ecological Observatory Network, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Evelyn M Beaury
- Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dana M Blumenthal
- USDA-ARS Rangeland Resources & Systems Research Unit, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Corbin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Union College, Schenectady, New York, USA
| | - Jeffrey Diez
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Dukes
- Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Regan Early
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter Penryn Campus, Penryn, UK
| | - Ian S Pearse
- U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Cascade J B Sorte
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Montserrat Vilà
- Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), Sevilla, Spain
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Bethany Bradley
- Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
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30
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Domingues GF, Hughes FM, Dos Santos AG, Carvalho AF, Calegario AT, Saiter FZ, Marcatti GE. Designing an optimized landscape restoration with spatially interdependent non-linear models. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 873:162299. [PMID: 36801326 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Brazilian Atlantic Forest is a biodiversity hotspot drastically fragmented due to different land use practices. Our understanding on the impacts of fragmentation and restoration practices on ecosystem functionality significantly increased during the last decades. However, it is unknown to our knowledge how a precision restoration approach, integrated with landscape metrics, will affect the decision-making process of forest restoration. Here, we applied Landscape Shape Index and Contagion metrics in a genetic algorithm for planning forest restoration in watersheds at the pixel level. We evaluated how such integration may configure the precision of restoration with scenarios related to landscape ecology metrics. The genetic algorithm worked toward optimizing the site, shape, and size of forest patches across the landscape according to the results obtained in applying the metrics. Our results, obtained by simulations of scenarios, support aggregation of forest restoration zones as expected, with priority restoration areas indicated where most of the aggregation of forest patches occurs. Our optimized solutions for the study area (Santa Maria do Rio Doce Watershed) predicted an important improvement of landscape metrics (LSI = 44 %; Contagion/LSI = 73 %). Largest shifts are suggested based on LSI (i.e., three larger fragments) and Contagion/LSI (i.e., only one well-connected fragment) optimizations. Our findings indicate that restoration in an extremely fragmented landscape will promote a shift toward more connected patches and with reduction of the surface:volume ratio. Our work explores the use of genetic algorithms to propose forest restoration based on landscape ecology metrics in a spatially explicit innovative approach. Our results indicate that LSI and Contagion:LSI ratio may affect the choice concerning precise location of restoration sites based on forest fragments scattered in the landscape and reinforce the usefulness of genetic algorithms to yield an optimized-driven solution for restoration initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Getulio Fonseca Domingues
- Instituto Nacional da Mata Atlântica (INMA), Santa Teresa, Espírito Santo, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Escola Agrícola de Jundiaí, Macaíba, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Frederic Mendes Hughes
- Instituto Nacional da Mata Atlântica (INMA), Santa Teresa, Espírito Santo, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioinformática, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais (MG), Brazil; Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz (UESC), Conselho de Curadores das Coleções Científicas, Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil; Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (UEFS), Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Bahia, Brazil.
| | | | - Antônio F Carvalho
- Instituto Nacional da Mata Atlântica (INMA), Santa Teresa, Espírito Santo, Brazil; Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), Global Conservation Program, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | | | | | - Gustavo Eduardo Marcatti
- Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei (UFSJ), Departamento de Engenharia Florestal, Campus Sete Lagoas, MG, Brazil
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31
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Andersen AH, Clausen KK, Normand S, Vikstrøm T, Moeslund JE. The influence of landscape characteristics on breeding bird dark diversity. Oecologia 2023; 201:1039-1052. [PMID: 37017734 PMCID: PMC10113303 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-023-05351-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
The exploration of factors and processes affecting biodiversity loss is central to nature management and wildlife conservation, but only recently has knowledge about the absence of species been recognized as a valuable asset to understand the current biodiversity crisis. In this paper, we explore the dark diversity (species that belong to a site-specific species pool but that are not locally present) of breeding birds in Denmark assessed through species co-occurrence patterns. We apply a nation-wide atlas survey of breeding birds (with a 5 × 5 km resolution), to investigate how landscape characteristics may influence avian diversity, and whether threatened and near threatened species are more likely to occur in dark diversity than least concern (LC) species. On average, the dark diversity constituted 41% of all species belonging to the site-specific species pools and threatened and near-threatened species had a higher probability of belonging to the dark diversity than least concern species. Habitat heterogeneity was negatively related to dark diversity and the proportional cover of intensive agriculture positively related, implying that homogeneous landscapes dominated by agricultural interests led to more absent avian species. Finally, we found significant effects of human disturbance and distance to the coast, indicating that more breeding bird species were missing when human disturbance was high and in near-coastal areas. Our study provides the first attempt to investigate dark diversity among birds and highlights how important landscape characteristics may shape breeding bird diversity and reveal areas of considerable species impoverishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Holm Andersen
- Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 116, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, C. F. Møllers Allé 8, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Kevin Kuhlmann Clausen
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, C. F. Møllers Allé 8, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Signe Normand
- Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 116, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Thomas Vikstrøm
- BirdLife Denmark, Vesterbrogade 140, 1620, Copenhagen V, Denmark
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32
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Teng J, Xia S, Liu Y, Duan H, Yu X, Chen J. An integrated model for prediction of hydrologic anomalies for habitat suitability of overwintering geese in a large floodplain wetland, China. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 331:117239. [PMID: 36638722 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Climate anomalies and increasing human activities cause a high frequency of extreme hydrological events in wetlands, which has put waterbirds under greater survival pressure than ever. Therefore, it is crucial to predict the impact of this phenomenon on the habitat suitability of waterbirds. This study investigated the response of the goose distribution probability to hydrological variations using the flood duration index (FD), enhanced vegetation index (EVI), and waterbirds GPS tracking data in Poyang Lake. An overwintering geese habitat suitability index (HSI) is built based on the FD, EVI, and threat index and verifies the accuracy of the model simulation. Then, the effects of drought and flood on the goose habitat especially sub-lakes with different connectivity were analyzed. The findings reveal that in dry and flood years, geese will broaden their range of feeding vegetation (more fresh or mature vegetation) in response to environmental deterioration. Both drought and flood can lead to a decline in the HSI, especially flood. Connected sub-lakes are more vulnerable to hydrological anomalies than controlled sub-lakes. This research establishes a scientific foundation for floodplain wetland hydrology management and waterbird conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiakun Teng
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Shaoxia Xia
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Yu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Houlang Duan
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiubo Yu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| | - Jiang Chen
- Office of Poyang Lake Water Control Project Construction of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330009, China
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Ren P, Didham RK, Murphy MV, Zeng D, Si X, Ding P. Forest edges increase pollinator network robustness to extinction with declining area. Nat Ecol Evol 2023; 7:393-404. [PMID: 36717744 PMCID: PMC9998274 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-022-01973-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Edge effects often exacerbate the negative effects of habitat loss on biodiversity. In forested ecosystems, however, many pollinators actually prefer open sunny conditions created by edge disturbances. We tested the hypothesis that forest edges have a positive buffering effect on plant-pollinator interaction networks in the face of declining forest area. In a fragmented land-bridge island system, we recorded ~20,000 plant-pollinator interactions on 41 islands over 3 yr. We show that plant richness and floral resources decline with decreasing forest area at both interior and edge sites, but edges maintain 10-fold higher pollinator abundance and richness regardless of area loss. Edge networks contain highly specialized species, with higher nestedness and lower modularity than interior networks, maintaining high robustness to extinction following area loss while forest interior networks collapse. Anthropogenic forest edges benefit community diversity and network robustness to extinction in the absence of natural gap-phase dynamics in small degraded forest remnants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Ren
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Raphael K Didham
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.,CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Centre for Environment and Life Sciences, Floreat, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Mark V Murphy
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Di Zeng
- Zhejiang Zhoushan Archipelago Observation and Research Station, Institute of Eco-Chongming, Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingfeng Si
- Zhejiang Zhoushan Archipelago Observation and Research Station, Institute of Eco-Chongming, Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Ding
- MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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34
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Riva F, Fahrig L. Landscape-scale habitat fragmentation is positively related to biodiversity, despite patch-scale ecosystem decay. Ecol Lett 2023; 26:268-277. [PMID: 36468190 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Positive effects of habitat patch size on biodiversity are often extrapolated to infer negative effects of habitat fragmentation on biodiversity at landscape scales. However, such cross-scale extrapolations typically fail. A recent, landmark, patch-scale analysis (Chase et al., 2020, Nature 584, 238-243) demonstrates positive patch size effects on biodiversity, that is, 'ecosystem decay' in small patches. Other authors have already extrapolated this result to infer negative fragmentation effects, that is, higher biodiversity in a few large than many small patches of the same cumulative habitat area. We test whether this extrapolation is valid. We find that landscape-scale patterns are opposite to their analogous patch-scale patterns: for sets of patches with equal total habitat area, species richness and evenness decrease with increasing mean size of the patches comprising that area, even when considering only species of conservation concern. Preserving small habitat patches will, therefore, be key to sustain biodiversity amidst ongoing environmental crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Riva
- Spatial Ecology Group, Department of Ecology and Evolution, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lenore Fahrig
- Geomatics and Landscape Ecology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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35
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Diversity and conservation of higher plants in Northwest Yunnan-Southeast Tibet. Glob Ecol Conserv 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2023.e02396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
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36
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Coddington CPJ, Cooper WJ, Luther DA. Effects of forest fragmentation on avian breeding activity. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2023:e14063. [PMID: 36704892 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.14063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Biodiversity declines and ecosystem decay follow forest fragmentation; initially, abundant species may become rare or be extirpated. Underlying mechanisms behind delayed extirpation of certain species following forest fragmentation are unknown. Species declines may be attributed to an inadequate number of breeding adults required to replace the population or decreased juvenile survival rate due to reduced recruitment or increased nest predation pressures. We used 10 years of avian banding data, 5 years before and 4 years after fragment isolation, from the Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, carried out near Manaus, Brazil, to investigate the breeding activity hypothesis that there is less breeding activity and fewer young after relative to before fragment isolation. We compared the capture rates of active breeding and young birds in 3 forest types (primary forest, fragment before isolation, and fragment after isolation) and the proportion of active breeding and young birds with all birds in each unique fragment type before and after isolation. We grouped all bird species by diet (insectivore or frugivore) and nesting strategy (open cup, cavity, or enclosed) to allow further comparisons among forest types. We found support for the breeding activity hypothesis in insectivorous and frugivorous birds (effect sizes 0.45 and 0.53, respectively) and in birds with open-cup and enclosed nesting strategies (effect sizes 0.56 and 0.44, respectively) such that on average there were more breeding birds in fragments before isolation relative to after isolation. A larger proportion of birds in the community were actively breeding before fragment isolation (72%) than after fragment isolation (11%). Unexpectedly, there was no significant decrease in the number of young birds after fragment isolation, although sample sizes for young were small (n = 43). This may have been due to sustained immigration of young birds to fragments after isolation. Together, our results provide some of the strongest evidence to date that avian breeding activity decreases in response to fragment isolation, which could be a fundamental mechanism contributing to ecosystem decay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles P J Coddington
- Biology Department, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
| | - W Justin Cooper
- Biology Department, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - David A Luther
- Biology Department, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
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37
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Raggi L, Zucchini C, Gigante D, Negri V. In situ occurrence and protection of crop wild relatives in Italian sites of natura 2000 network: Insights from a data-driven approach. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1080615. [PMID: 36618609 PMCID: PMC9814127 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1080615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Aim of this work is to evaluate the in situ status of different crop wild relative species in Italy by analysing the geographic distribution of their populations and to suggests possible strategies to improve their future conservation. The work has been focused on different species of the Allium, Beta, Brassica, Secale and Triticum genera that are of priority at European and global levels for the economic importance of the related crops, the level of threat, as well as the potential for use. Using information available in the Italian National Geoportal, geographical distribution and the overall percentage of populations occurring in Natura 2000 sites was initially analysed. In addition, due to the economic importance of the genus and species distribution in Italy, Brassica glabrescens, B. insularis, B. macrocarpa, B. montana, B. procumbens, B. rupestris, B. villosa were the object of additional analyses based on more detailed occurrence data, retrieved from multiple databases, and including land cover/land use and in situ and ex situ density analyses. Geographical distribution data were retrieved for 1,996 in situ populations belonging to 60 crop wild relative species: Allium (43), Brassica (11), Triticum (4), Beta (1) and Secale (1). Percentages of population occurring in Natura 2000 sites are quite different when the different species are considered; this also applies to Brassica species in most need of protection. Results of land cover/land use analysis showed that Brassica populations outside Natura 2000 areas mainly occur in anthropized sites while those within Natura 2000 mainly in sites characterised by natural and seminatural conditions. Areas where genetic reserves could be instituted and that could be the target of future Brassica resources collection missions are also suggested. Based on a large dataset of punctual geographical distribution data of population occurrences across the territory, this research shows that, in Italy, crop wild relatives in situ are in a quite precarious condition especially when species in most need of protection are considered. Our data also highlight the role of Natura 2000 Network in favouring in situ protection of these precious resources in Europe.
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38
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Bao S, Yang F. Influences of Climate Change and Land Use Change on the Habitat Suitability of Bharal in the Sanjiangyuan District, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:17082. [PMID: 36554974 PMCID: PMC9779355 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192417082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
One of the biggest dangers to the degradation of biodiversity worldwide is climate change. Its oscillations in the future could result in potential alterations to species populations and habitat structure. With Sanjiangyuan District as the study site, an uncrewed aerial vehicle (UAV) was utilized to investigate the number and location of the bharal (Pseudois nayaur). The Maximum Entropy model and the Minimum Cumulative Resistance model (MaxEnt-MCR) were coupled to simulate the distribution of wildlife. On this basis, the future geographical distribution of bharal under different climate scenarios was simulated, and the ecological corridor and habitat centroid of bharal were revealed. The results showed that the suitable area of the bharal habitat was 4669 km2, which was mainly concentrated in the Maduo, Qumalai, and Gonghe counties. The potential distribution of the species under different future climate scenarios had a decreasing trend. Under the SSP-245 scenario, the habitat area of bharal in 2030 and 2050 decreased by 25.68 and 44.61% compared with the present situation and cumulatively decreased by 1199 and 2083 km2, respectively. Under the SSP-585 scenario, the habitat area of bharal in 2030 and 2050 decreased by 27.5 and 48.44%, with a total reduction of 1284 and 2262 km2, respectively. Furthermore, a complete loss of habitat was predicted in Gonghe County by 2050. In addition, it was observed that the landscape structure in Sanjiangyuan District would be more fragmented and complex. The continued climate change will seriously affect the habitat distribution of this species. Therefore, preventive measures, such as protecting habitat areas and establishing ecological corridors for bharal, should be implemented in the Sanjiangyuan District. Such measures should not focus solely on the potential degradation but should also be extended to include potential distribution areas for future migration.
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Shen W, Li Y. Multi-Scale Assessment and Spatio-Temporal Interaction Characteristics of Ecosystem Health in the Middle Reaches of the Yellow River of China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16144. [PMID: 36498224 PMCID: PMC9739409 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192316144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Exploring the assessment methods and multi-scale spatiotemporal interaction characteristics of ecosystem health is of great significance for current ecosystem health theory and application research. Based on the regional differentiation theory and ecosystem service flow theory, the spatial weight coefficient and the modified coefficient of spatial proximity effect were introduced to improve the regional ecosystem health assessment model. Then, the improved VORS model was used to evaluate the ecosystem health level in the Middle Reaches of the Yellow River (MRYR) in China at multiple scales, and the ESTDA method was used to reveal the multi-scale spatiotemporal interaction characteristics of ecosystem health. The results show that: (1) From 1990 to 2018, the ecosystem health level at grid and county scale in the MRYR showed a trend of first decline and then increase, and experienced a slow decline and a steady rise from 1990 to 2005 and 2005 to 2018, respectively. The ecosystem health level at the grid and county scale presented a spatially hierarchical structure with alternating low-value and high-value zones. (2) Compared with the county scale, the grid scale can describe the spatial distribution characteristics of ecosystem health more refined, indicating the existence of spatial scale effects in ecosystem health assessment. (3) The rapid urbanization areas, the ecologically fragile areas in the central and western regions and the transitional zone between mountain and basin have more dynamic spatial structure, and stronger spatio-temporal interaction process. (4) In terms of LISA spatio-temporal transition, the regional system as a whole had strong path-dependent and lock-in characteristics, and the local spatial correlation structure of ecosystem health gradually tended to be stable during the study period. (5) In terms of spatio-temporal interaction network, there were strong spatio-temporal competition in the process of time evolution in six typical regions, such as the surrounding cities of provincial capitals, the fringe areas of cities, the transitional zone between mountain and basin, the transitional zone of ecologically fragile regions, the mountainous areas of western Henan Province, and the areas along rivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shen
- College of Land and Tourism, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471022, China
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
- Key Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
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40
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Lee F, Simon KS, Perry GLW. Network topology mediates freshwater fish metacommunity response to loss of connectivity. Ecosphere 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.4286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Finnbar Lee
- School of Environment The University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
| | - Kevin S. Simon
- School of Environment The University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand
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Kendall LK, Mola JM, Portman ZM, Cariveau DP, Smith HG, Bartomeus I. The potential and realized foraging movements of bees are differentially determined by body size and sociality. Ecology 2022; 103:e3809. [PMID: 35792515 PMCID: PMC9786665 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.3809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Reversing biodiversity declines requires a better understanding of organismal mobility, as movement processes dictate the scale at which species interact with the environment. Previous studies have demonstrated that species foraging ranges, and therefore, habitat use increases with body size. Yet, foraging ranges are also affected by other life-history traits, such as sociality, which influence the need of and ability to detect resources. We evaluated the effect of body size and sociality on potential and realized foraging ranges using a compiled dataset of 383 measurements for 81 bee species. Potential ranges were larger than realized ranges and increased more steeply with body size. Highly eusocial species had larger realized foraging ranges than primitively eusocial or solitary taxa. We contend that potential ranges describe species movement capabilities, whereas realized ranges depict how foraging movements result from interactions between species traits and environmental conditions. Furthermore, the complex communication strategies and large colony sizes in highly eusocial species may facilitate foraging over wider areas in response to resource depletion. Our findings should contribute to a greater understanding of landscape ecology and conservation, as traits that influence movement mediate species vulnerability to habitat loss and fragmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam K. Kendall
- Centre for Environmental and Climate ScienceLund UniversityLundSweden
| | - John M. Mola
- U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science CenterFort CollinsColoradoUSA
| | | | | | - Henrik G. Smith
- Centre for Environmental and Climate ScienceLund UniversityLundSweden,Department of BiologyLund UniversityLundSweden
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Gawecka KA, Pedraza F, Bascompte J. Effects of habitat destruction on coevolving metacommunities. Ecol Lett 2022; 25:2597-2610. [PMID: 36223432 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Habitat destruction is a growing threat to biodiversity and ecosystem services. The ecological consequences of habitat loss and fragmentation involve reductions in species abundance and even the extinction of species and their interactions. However, we do not yet understand how habitat loss alters the coevolutionary trajectories of the remaining species or how coevolution, in turn, affects their response to habitat loss. To investigate this, we develop a spatially explicit model which couples metacommunity and coevolutionary dynamics. We show that, by changing the size, composition and structure of local networks, habitat destruction increases the diversity of coevolutionary trajectories of mutualists across the landscape. Conversely, in antagonistic communities, some species increase while others reduce their spatial trait heterogeneity. Furthermore, we show that while coevolution dampens the negative effects of habitat destruction in mutualistic networks, its effects on the persistence of antagonistic communities tend to be smaller and less predictable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klementyna A Gawecka
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fernando Pedraza
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jordi Bascompte
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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43
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Deane DC. Species accumulation in small–large vs large–small order: more species but not all species? Oecologia 2022; 200:273-284. [PMID: 36115918 PMCID: PMC9547801 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-022-05261-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Although groups of small habitat patches often support more species than large patches of equal total area, their biodiversity value remains controversial. An important line of evidence in this debate compares species accumulation curves, where patches are ordered from small–large and large–small (aka ‘SLOSS analysis’). However, this method counts species equally and is unable to distinguish patch size dependence in species’ occupancies. Moreover, because of the species–area relationship, richness differences typically only contribute to accumulation in small–large order, maximizing the probability of adding species in this direction. Using a null model to control for this, I tested 202 published datasets from archipelagos, habitat islands and fragments for patch size dependence in species accumulation and compared conclusions regarding relative species accumulation with SLOSS analysis. Relative to null model expectations, species accumulation was on average 2.7% higher in large–small than small–large order. The effect was strongest in archipelagos (5%), intermediate for fragments (1.5%) and smallest for habitat islands (1.1%). There was no difference in effect size among taxonomic groups, but each shared this same trend. Results suggest most meta-communities include species that either prefer, or depend upon, larger habitat patches. Relative to SLOSS analysis, null models found lower frequency of greater small-patch importance for species representation (e.g., for fragments: 69 vs 16% respectively) and increased frequency for large patches (fragments: 3 vs 25%). I suggest SLOSS analysis provides unreliable inference on species accumulation and the outcome largely depends on island species–area relationships, not the relative diversity value of small vs large patches.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Deane
- Research Centre for Future Landscapes, Department of Environment and Genetics, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia.
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R3, Canada.
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Abstract
Spatial dynamics have long been recognized as an important driver of biodiversity. However, our understanding of species' coexistence under realistic landscape configurations has been limited by lack of adequate analytical tools. To fill this gap, we develop a spatially explicit metacommunity model of multiple competing species and derive analytical criteria for their coexistence in fragmented heterogeneous landscapes. Specifically, we propose measures of niche and fitness differences for metacommunities, which clarify how spatial dynamics and habitat configuration interact with local competition to determine coexistence of species. We parameterize our model with a Bayesian approach using a 36-y time-series dataset of three Daphnia species in a rockpool metacommunity covering >500 patches. Our results illustrate the emergence of interspecific variation in extinction and recolonization processes, including their dependencies on habitat size and environmental temperature. We find that such interspecific variation contributes to the coexistence of Daphnia species by reducing fitness differences and increasing niche differences. Additionally, our parameterized model allows separating the effects of habitat destruction and temperature change on species extinction. By integrating coexistence theory and metacommunity theory, our study provides platforms to increase our understanding of species' coexistence in fragmented heterogeneous landscapes and the response of biodiversity to environmental changes.
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Informing environmental health and risk priorities through local outreach and extension. ENVIRONMENT SYSTEMS AND DECISIONS 2022; 42:388-401. [PMID: 35669713 PMCID: PMC9161196 DOI: 10.1007/s10669-022-09864-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
AbstractOur society is currently facing an unprecedented number of environmental and societal challenges. Stakeholder and community engagement can help identify priority issues and needs at local levels. One approach to engage stakeholders and communities in the contexts of environmental, health, and societal challenges is to leverage outreach and extension programs. Within this context, and to help identify priority issues to focus subsequent research and extension programs in North Carolina (NC), a survey was conducted with extension agents to identify priority issues as they relate to environmental health and risks and related needs. Based on responses from 66 study participants that represented half of the 100 NC counties, we found that Water pollution, Flooding, Natural resources management, and Engaging stakeholders were top priority issues across all environmental health and risk topics. Participants also identified that practices of Engaging stakeholders as well as Assessing, Managing, and Communicating risks were increasingly important. Participants indicated they needed a moderate-to-significant amount of guidance across a range of areas related to assessing, managing, communicating, and making decisions regarding environmental health and risk topics, as well as engaging with local communities. Outcomes from this work can not only help inform subsequent research and outreach efforts at local scales, but this work demonstrates a simple, low-cost approach to elicit perspectives and priorities can be leveraged in other states and regions with established stakeholder and community outreach programs more broadly.
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Palmeirim AF, Emer C, Benchimol M, Storck-Tonon D, Bueno AS, Peres CA. Emergent properties of species-habitat networks in an insular forest landscape. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm0397. [PMID: 36026453 PMCID: PMC9417167 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm0397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Deforestation and fragmentation are pervasive drivers of biodiversity loss, but how they scale up to entire landscapes remains poorly understood. Here, we apply species-habitat networks based on species co-occurrences to test the effects of insular fragmentation on multiple taxa-medium-large mammals, small nonvolant mammals, lizards, understory birds, frogs, dung beetles, orchid bees, and trees-across 22 forest islands and three continuous forest sites within a river-damming quasi-experimental landscape in Central Amazonia. Widespread, nonrandom local species extinctions were translated into highly nested networks of low connectance and modularity. Networks' robustness considering the sequential removal of large-to-small sites was generally low; between 5% (dung beetles) and 50% (orchid bees) of species persisted when retaining only <10 ha of islands. In turn, larger sites and body size were the main attributes structuring the networks. Our results raise the prospects that insular forest fragmentation results in simplified species-habitat networks, with distinct taxa persistence to habitat loss.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carine Emer
- Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Juruá, Rua das Papoulas, 97 Manaus, Brazil
| | - Maíra Benchimol
- Laboratório de Ecologia Aplicada à Conservação, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Ilhéus, Brazil
| | - Danielle Storck-Tonon
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ambiente e Sistemas de Produção Agrícola (PPGASP), Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso, Tangará da Serra, Brazil
| | - Anderson S. Bueno
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Farroupilha, Júlio de Castilhos, RS, Brazil
| | - Carlos A. Peres
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
- Instituto Juruá, Rua das Papoulas, 97 Manaus, Brazil
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47
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Chen S, Wu C, Lin D, Chen T, Trac LVT. An empirical and expert‐knowledge hybrid approach to implement farmland habitat assessment for birds. CONSERVATION SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/csp2.12760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Szu‐Hung Chen
- International Master Program of Agriculture National Chung Hsing University Taichung City Taiwan
| | - Chen‐Fa Wu
- Department of Horticulture National Chung Hsing University Taichung City Taiwan
- Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture National Chung Hsing University Taichung City Taiwan
| | - Da‐Li Lin
- Endemic Species Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Taiwan Nantou County Taiwan
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland Queensland Australia
| | - Tien‐Shui Chen
- Endemic Species Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Taiwan Nantou County Taiwan
| | - Luu Van Thong Trac
- Department of Horticulture National Chung Hsing University Taichung City Taiwan
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48
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Jarillo J, Cao-García FJ, De Laender F. Spatial and Ecological Scaling of Stability in Spatial Community Networks. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.861537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There are many scales at which to quantify stability in spatial and ecological networks. Local-scale analyses focus on specific nodes of the spatial network, while regional-scale analyses consider the whole network. Similarly, species- and community-level analyses either account for single species or for the whole community. Furthermore, stability itself can be defined in multiple ways, including resistance (the inverse of the relative displacement caused by a perturbation), initial resilience (the rate of return after a perturbation), and invariability (the inverse of the relative amplitude of the population fluctuations). Here, we analyze the scale-dependence of these stability properties. More specifically, we ask how spatial scale (local vs. regional) and ecological scale (species vs. community) influence these stability properties. We find that regional initial resilience is the weighted arithmetic mean of the local initial resiliences. The regional resistance is the harmonic mean of local resistances, which makes regional resistance particularly vulnerable to nodes with low stability, unlike regional initial resilience. Analogous results hold for the relationship between community- and species-level initial resilience and resistance. Both resistance and initial resilience are “scale-free” properties: regional and community values are simply the biomass-weighted means of the local and species values, respectively. Thus, one can easily estimate both stability metrics of whole networks from partial sampling. In contrast, invariability generally is greater at the regional and community-level than at the local and species-level, respectively. Hence, estimating the invariability of spatial or ecological networks from measurements at the local or species level is more complicated, requiring an unbiased estimate of the network (i.e., region or community) size. In conclusion, we find that scaling of stability depends on the metric considered, and we present a reliable framework to estimate these metrics.
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49
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El-Khaled YC, Daraghmeh N, Tilstra A, Roth F, Huettel M, Rossbach FI, Casoli E, Koester A, Beck M, Meyer R, Plewka J, Schmidt N, Winkelgrund L, Merk B, Wild C. Fleshy red algae mats act as temporary reservoirs for sessile invertebrate biodiversity. Commun Biol 2022; 5:579. [PMID: 35697788 PMCID: PMC9192683 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03523-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Many coastal ecosystems, such as coral reefs and seagrass meadows, currently experience overgrowth by fleshy algae due to the interplay of local and global stressors. This is usually accompanied by strong decreases in habitat complexity and biodiversity. Recently, persistent, mat-forming fleshy red algae, previously described for the Black Sea and several Atlantic locations, have also been observed in the Mediterranean. These several centimetre high mats may displace seagrass meadows and invertebrate communities, potentially causing a substantial loss of associated biodiversity. We show that the sessile invertebrate biodiversity in these red algae mats is high and exceeds that of neighbouring seagrass meadows. Comparative biodiversity indices were similar to or higher than those recently described for calcifying green algae habitats and biodiversity hotspots like coral reefs or mangrove forests. Our findings suggest that fleshy red algae mats can act as alternative habitats and temporary sessile invertebrate biodiversity reservoirs in times of environmental change. Comparative analyses of fleshy red algae mats and seagrass meadows highlight their value in fostering sessile invertebrate biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf C El-Khaled
- Marine Ecology Department, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, University of Bremen, 28359, Bremen, Germany.
| | - Nauras Daraghmeh
- Marine Ecology Department, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, University of Bremen, 28359, Bremen, Germany.,Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Arjen Tilstra
- Marine Ecology Department, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, University of Bremen, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Florian Roth
- Baltic Sea Centre, Stockholm University, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden.,Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Tvärminne Zoological Station, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markus Huettel
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306-4520, USA
| | - Felix I Rossbach
- Marine Ecology Department, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, University of Bremen, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Edoardo Casoli
- Department of Environmental Biology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Koester
- Marine Ecology Department, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, University of Bremen, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Milan Beck
- Marine Ecology Department, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, University of Bremen, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Raïssa Meyer
- Marine Ecology Department, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, University of Bremen, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Julia Plewka
- Marine Ecology Department, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, University of Bremen, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Neele Schmidt
- Marine Ecology Department, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, University of Bremen, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Lisa Winkelgrund
- Marine Ecology Department, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, University of Bremen, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Benedikt Merk
- Marine Ecology Department, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, University of Bremen, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Christian Wild
- Marine Ecology Department, Faculty of Biology and Chemistry, University of Bremen, 28359, Bremen, Germany
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50
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Forest degradation drives widespread avian habitat and population declines. Nat Ecol Evol 2022; 6:709-719. [PMID: 35484222 PMCID: PMC9177422 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-022-01737-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In many regions of the world, forest management has reduced old forest and simplified forest structure and composition. We hypothesized that such forest degradation has resulted in long-term habitat loss for forest-associated bird species of eastern Canada (130,017 km2) which, in turn, has caused bird-population declines. Despite little change in overall forest cover, we found substantial reductions in old forest as a result of frequent clear-cutting and a broad-scale transformation to intensified forestry. Back-cast species distribution models revealed that breeding habitat loss occurred for 66% of the 54 most common species from 1985 to 2020 and was strongly associated with reduction in old age classes. Using a long-term, independent dataset, we found that habitat amount predicted population size for 94% of species, and habitat loss was associated with population declines for old-forest species. Forest degradation may therefore be a primary cause of biodiversity decline in managed forest landscapes.
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