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Yao S, Han JZ, Guo J, Wang X, Qian L, Wu H, Shi W, Zhu RJ, Wang JH, Dong SS, Cui LL, Wang Y, Guo Y, Yang TL. The Causal Relationships Between Gut Microbiota, Brain Volume, and Intelligence: A Two-Step Mendelian Randomization Analysis. Biol Psychiatry 2024; 96:463-472. [PMID: 38432522 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2024.02.1012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing evidence indicates that dynamic changes in gut microbiome can affect intelligence; however, whether these relationships are causal remains elusive. We aimed to disentangle the poorly understood causal relationship between gut microbiota and intelligence. METHODS We performed a 2-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using genetic variants from the largest available genome-wide association studies of gut microbiota (N = 18,340) and intelligence (N = 269,867). The inverse-variance weighted method was used to conduct the MR analyses complemented by a range of sensitivity analyses to validate the robustness of the results. Considering the close relationship between brain volume and intelligence, we applied 2-step MR to evaluate whether the identified effect was mediated by regulating brain volume (N = 47,316). RESULTS We found a risk effect of the genus Oxalobacter on intelligence (odds ratio = 0.968 change in intelligence per standard deviation increase in taxa; 95% CI, 0.952-0.985; p = 1.88 × 10-4) and a protective effect of the genus Fusicatenibacter on intelligence (odds ratio = 1.053; 95% CI, 1.024-1.082; p = 3.03 × 10-4). The 2-step MR analysis further showed that the effect of genus Fusicatenibacter on intelligence was partially mediated by regulating brain volume, with a mediated proportion of 33.6% (95% CI, 6.8%-60.4%; p = .014). CONCLUSIONS Our results provide causal evidence indicating the role of the microbiome in intelligence. Our findings may help reshape our understanding of the microbiota-gut-brain axis and development of novel intervention approaches for preventing cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Yao
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China; Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Biomedical Informatics & Genomics Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ji-Zhou Han
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Biomedical Informatics & Genomics Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Biomedical Informatics & Genomics Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Biomedical Informatics & Genomics Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Long Qian
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Biomedical Informatics & Genomics Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Biomedical Informatics & Genomics Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Biomedical Informatics & Genomics Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ren-Jie Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Biomedical Informatics & Genomics Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jia-Hao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Biomedical Informatics & Genomics Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shan-Shan Dong
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Biomedical Informatics & Genomics Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Li-Li Cui
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Age-Related Cardiac and Cerebral Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Biomedical Informatics & Genomics Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Tie-Lin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Biomedical Informatics & Genomics Center, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Biodiagnosis and Biotherapy, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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2
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Jensen N, Maldonado-Gomez M, Krishnakumar N, Weng CY, Castillo J, Razi D, Kalanetra K, German JB, Lebrilla CB, Mills DA, Taft DH. Dietary fiber monosaccharide content alters gut microbiome composition and fermentation. Appl Environ Microbiol 2024; 90:e0096424. [PMID: 39007602 PMCID: PMC11337808 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00964-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Members of the mammalian gut microbiota metabolize diverse complex carbohydrates that are not digested by the host, which are collectively labeled "dietary fiber." While the enzymes and transporters that each strain uses to establish a nutrient niche in the gut are often exquisitely specific, the relationship between carbohydrate structure and microbial ecology is imperfectly understood. The present study takes advantage of recent advances in complex carbohydrate structure determination to test the effects of fiber monosaccharide composition on microbial fermentation. Fifty-five fibers with varied monosaccharide composition were fermented by a pooled feline fecal inoculum in a modified MiniBioReactor array system over a period of 72 hours. The content of the monosaccharides glucose and xylose was significantly associated with the reduction of pH during fermentation, which was also predictable from the concentrations of the short-chain fatty acids lactic acid, propionic acid, and the signaling molecule indole-3-acetic acid. Microbiome diversity and composition were also predictable from monosaccharide content and SCFA concentration. In particular, the concentrations of lactic acid and propionic acid correlated with final alpha diversity and were significantly associated with the relative abundance of several of the genera, including Lactobacillus and Dubosiella. Our results suggest that monosaccharide composition offers a generalizable method to compare any dietary fiber of interest and uncover links between diet, gut microbiota, and metabolite production. IMPORTANCE The survival of a microbial species in the gut depends on the availability of the nutrients necessary for that species to survive. Carbohydrates in the form of non-host digestible fiber are of particular importance, and the set of genes possessed by each species for carbohydrate consumption can vary considerably. Here, differences in the monosaccharides that are the building blocks of fiber are considered for their impact on both the survival of different species of microbes and on the levels of microbial fermentation products produced. This work demonstrates that foods with similar monosaccharide content will have consistent effects on the survival of microbial species and on the production of microbial fermentation products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Jensen
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Maria Maldonado-Gomez
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Nithya Krishnakumar
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Cheng-Yu Weng
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Juan Castillo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Dale Razi
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Karen Kalanetra
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - J. Bruce German
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Carlito B. Lebrilla
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, California, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - David A. Mills
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Diana H. Taft
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Florida, Gainsville, Florida, USA
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3
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Adolph TE, Tilg H. Western diets and chronic diseases. Nat Med 2024; 30:2133-2147. [PMID: 39085420 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-024-03165-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
'Westernization', which incorporates industrial, cultural and dietary trends, has paralleled the rise of noncommunicable diseases across the globe. Today, the Western-style diet emerges as a key stimulus for gut microbial vulnerability, chronic inflammation and chronic diseases, affecting mainly the cardiovascular system, systemic metabolism and the gut. Here we review the diet of modern times and evaluate the threat it poses for human health by summarizing recent epidemiological, translational and clinical studies. We discuss the links between diet and disease in the context of obesity and type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, gut and liver diseases and solid malignancies. We collectively interpret the evidence and its limitations and discuss future challenges and strategies to overcome these. We argue that healthcare professionals and societies must react today to the detrimental effects of the Western diet to bring about sustainable change and improved outcomes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timon E Adolph
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Herbert Tilg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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4
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Couture G, Cheang SE, Suarez C, Chen Y, Bacalzo NP, Jiang J, Weng CYC, Stacy A, Castillo JJ, Delannoy-Bruno O, Webber DM, Barratt MJ, Gordon JI, Mills DA, German JB, Fukagawa NK, Lebrilla CB. A multi-glycomic platform for the analysis of food carbohydrates. Nat Protoc 2024:10.1038/s41596-024-01017-8. [PMID: 39026121 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-024-01017-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Carbohydrates comprise the largest fraction of most diets and exert a profound impact on health. Components such as simple sugars and starch supply energy, while indigestible components, deemed dietary fiber, reach the colon to provide food for the tens of trillions of microbes that make up the gut microbiota. The interactions between dietary carbohydrates, our gastrointestinal tracts, the gut microbiome and host health are dictated by their structures. However, current methods for analysis of food glycans lack the sensitivity, specificity and throughput needed to quantify and elucidate these myriad structures. This protocol describes a multi-glycomic approach to food carbohydrate analysis in which the analyte might be any food item or biological material such as fecal and cecal samples. The carbohydrates are extracted by ethanol precipitation, and the resulting samples are subjected to rapid-throughput liquid chromatography (LC)-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methods. Quantitative analyses of monosaccharides, glycosidic linkages, polysaccharides and alcohol-soluble carbohydrates are performed in 96-well plates at the milligram scale to reduce the biomass of sample required and enhance throughput. Detailed stepwise processes for sample preparation, LC-MS/MS and data analysis are provided. We illustrate the application of the protocol to a diverse set of foods as well as different apple cultivars and various fermented foods. Furthermore, we show the utility of these methods in elucidating glycan-microbe interactions in germ-free and colonized mice. These methods provide a framework for elucidating relationships between dietary fiber, the gut microbiome and human physiology. These structures will further guide nutritional and clinical feeding studies that enhance our understanding of the role of diet in nutrition and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garret Couture
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Shawn Ehlers Cheang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Christopher Suarez
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Ye Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Nikita P Bacalzo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jiani Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Cheng-Yu Charlie Weng
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Aaron Stacy
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Juan J Castillo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Omar Delannoy-Bruno
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Daniel M Webber
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michael J Barratt
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jeffrey I Gordon
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - David A Mills
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Viticulture and Enology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - J Bruce German
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Naomi K Fukagawa
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, MD, USA
| | - Carlito B Lebrilla
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
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5
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Charest AM, Reed E, Bozorgzadeh S, Hernandez L, Getsey NV, Smith L, Galperina A, Beauregard HE, Charest HA, Mitchell M, Riley MA. Nisin Inhibition of Gram-Negative Bacteria. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1230. [PMID: 38930612 PMCID: PMC11205666 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12061230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Aims: This study investigates the activity of the broad-spectrum bacteriocin nisin against a large panel of Gram-negative bacterial isolates, including relevant plant, animal, and human pathogens. The aim is to generate supportive evidence towards the use/inclusion of bacteriocin-based therapeutics and open avenues for their continued development. Methods and Results: Nisin inhibitory activity was screened against a panel of 575 strains of Gram-negative bacteria, encompassing 17 genera. Nisin inhibition was observed in 309 out of 575 strains, challenging the prevailing belief that nisin lacks effectiveness against Gram-negative bacteria. The genera Acinetobacter, Helicobacter, Erwinia, and Xanthomonas exhibited particularly high nisin sensitivity. Conclusions: The findings of this study highlight the promising potential of nisin as a therapeutic agent for several key Gram-negative plant, animal, and human pathogens. These results challenge the prevailing notion that nisin is less effective or ineffective against Gram-negative pathogens when compared to Gram-positive pathogens and support future pursuits of nisin as a complementary therapy to existing antibiotics. Significance and Impact of Study: This research supports further exploration of nisin as a promising therapeutic agent for numerous human, animal, and plant health applications, offering a complementary tool for infection control in the face of multidrug-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M. Charest
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01002, USA; (A.M.C.); (E.R.); (S.B.); (L.H.); (N.V.G.); (L.S.); (A.G.); (H.E.B.); (H.A.C.)
| | - Ethan Reed
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01002, USA; (A.M.C.); (E.R.); (S.B.); (L.H.); (N.V.G.); (L.S.); (A.G.); (H.E.B.); (H.A.C.)
| | - Samantha Bozorgzadeh
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01002, USA; (A.M.C.); (E.R.); (S.B.); (L.H.); (N.V.G.); (L.S.); (A.G.); (H.E.B.); (H.A.C.)
| | - Lorenzo Hernandez
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01002, USA; (A.M.C.); (E.R.); (S.B.); (L.H.); (N.V.G.); (L.S.); (A.G.); (H.E.B.); (H.A.C.)
| | - Natalie V. Getsey
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01002, USA; (A.M.C.); (E.R.); (S.B.); (L.H.); (N.V.G.); (L.S.); (A.G.); (H.E.B.); (H.A.C.)
| | - Liam Smith
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01002, USA; (A.M.C.); (E.R.); (S.B.); (L.H.); (N.V.G.); (L.S.); (A.G.); (H.E.B.); (H.A.C.)
| | - Anastasia Galperina
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01002, USA; (A.M.C.); (E.R.); (S.B.); (L.H.); (N.V.G.); (L.S.); (A.G.); (H.E.B.); (H.A.C.)
| | - Hadley E. Beauregard
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01002, USA; (A.M.C.); (E.R.); (S.B.); (L.H.); (N.V.G.); (L.S.); (A.G.); (H.E.B.); (H.A.C.)
| | - Hailey A. Charest
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01002, USA; (A.M.C.); (E.R.); (S.B.); (L.H.); (N.V.G.); (L.S.); (A.G.); (H.E.B.); (H.A.C.)
| | - Mathew Mitchell
- Organicin Scientific, 240 Thatcher Road, Amherst, MA 01003, USA;
| | - Margaret A. Riley
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01002, USA; (A.M.C.); (E.R.); (S.B.); (L.H.); (N.V.G.); (L.S.); (A.G.); (H.E.B.); (H.A.C.)
- Organicin Scientific, 240 Thatcher Road, Amherst, MA 01003, USA;
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Deehan EC, Mocanu V, Madsen KL. Effects of dietary fibre on metabolic health and obesity. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 21:301-318. [PMID: 38326443 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-023-00891-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Obesity and metabolic syndrome represent a growing epidemic worldwide. Body weight is regulated through complex interactions between hormonal, neural and metabolic pathways and is influenced by numerous environmental factors. Imbalances between energy intake and expenditure can occur due to several factors, including alterations in eating behaviours, abnormal satiation and satiety, and low energy expenditure. The gut microbiota profoundly affects all aspects of energy homeostasis through diverse mechanisms involving effects on mucosal and systemic immune, hormonal and neural systems. The benefits of dietary fibre on metabolism and obesity have been demonstrated through mechanistic studies and clinical trials, but many questions remain as to how different fibres are best utilized in managing obesity. In this Review, we discuss the physiochemical properties of different fibres, current findings on how fibre and the gut microbiota interact to regulate body weight homeostasis, and knowledge gaps related to using dietary fibres as a complementary strategy. Precision medicine approaches that utilize baseline microbiota and clinical characteristics to predict individual responses to fibre supplementation represent a new paradigm with great potential to enhance weight management efficacy, but many challenges remain before these approaches can be fully implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward C Deehan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
- Nebraska Food for Health Center, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Valentin Mocanu
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Karen L Madsen
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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7
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Solberg BS, Kvalvik LG, Instanes JT, Hartman CA, Klungsøyr K, Li L, Larsson H, Magnus P, Njølstad PR, Johansson S, Andreassen OA, Bakken NR, Bekkhus M, Austerberry C, Smajlagic D, Havdahl A, Corfield EC, Haavik J, Gjestad R, Zayats T. Maternal Fiber Intake During Pregnancy and Development of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms Across Childhood: The Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study. Biol Psychiatry 2024; 95:839-848. [PMID: 38142720 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies suggest that maternal diet quality during pregnancy may influence the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring. Here, we investigated associations between maternal intake of dietary fiber and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in early childhood. METHODS We used longitudinal data of up to 21,852 mother-father-child trios (49.2% female offspring) from MoBa (the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study). The relationships between maternal fiber intake during pregnancy and offspring ADHD symptoms at ages 3, 5, and 8 years were examined using 1) multivariate regression (overall levels of ADHD symptoms), 2) latent class analysis (subclasses of ADHD symptoms by sex at each age), and 3) latent growth curves (longitudinal change in offspring ADHD symptoms). Covariates were ADHD polygenic scores in child and parents, total energy intake and energy-adjusted sugar intake, parental ages at birth of the child, and sociodemographic factors. RESULTS Higher maternal prenatal fiber intake was associated with lower offspring ADHD symptom scores at all ages (Bage3 = -0.14 [95% CI, -0.18 to -0.10]; Bage5 = -0.14 [95% CI, -0.19 to -0.09]; Bage8 = -0.14 [95% CI, -0.20 to -0.09]). Of the derived low/middle/high subclasses of ADHD symptoms, fiber was associated with lower risk of belonging to the middle subclass for boys and girls and to the high subclass for girls only (middle: odds ratioboys 0.91 [95% CI, 0.86 to 0.97]/odds ratiogirls 0.86 [95% CI, 0.81 to 0.91]; high: odds ratiogirls 0.82 [95% CI, 0.72 to 0.94]). Maternal fiber intake and rate of change in child ADHD symptoms across ages were not associated. CONCLUSIONS Low prenatal maternal fiber intake may increase symptom levels of ADHD in offspring during childhood, independently of genetic predisposition to ADHD, unhealthy dietary exposures, and sociodemographic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berit Skretting Solberg
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway; Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Outpatient Unit, Hospital Betanien, Bergen, Norway.
| | | | | | - Catharina A Hartman
- Interdisciplinary Center Psychiatry and Emotion Regulation, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Kari Klungsøyr
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Norway; Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henrik Larsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Per Magnus
- Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Rasmus Njølstad
- Department of Clinical Science, Mohn Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Children and Youth Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Stefan Johansson
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Division of Mental Health and Addiciton, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Nora Refsum Bakken
- NORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mona Bekkhus
- Promenta Research Centre, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Chloe Austerberry
- Centre for Family Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dinka Smajlagic
- Promenta Research Centre, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alexandra Havdahl
- Promenta Research Centre, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Centre for Genetic Epidemiology and Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway; Nic Waals Institute, Lovisenberg Diakonale Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elizabeth C Corfield
- Centre for Genetic Epidemiology and Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway; Nic Waals Institute, Lovisenberg Diakonale Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Haavik
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway; Bergen Center for Brain Plasticity, Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Psychiatry, Research Department, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Rolf Gjestad
- Department of Psychiatry, Research Department, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Center for Crisis Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Centre for Research and Education in Forensic Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tetyana Zayats
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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Zhu K, Wu J, Hu A, Yin Z, Hou Z, Ye X, Chen S. Extensive Analysis of Mulberry ( Morus rubra L.) Polysaccharides with Different Maturities by Using Two-Step Extraction and LC/QqQ-MS. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 38606987 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
A primary challenge of polysaccharide analysis is the need for comprehensive extraction and characterization methods. In this study, mulberry polysaccharides at different maturities were fully extracted through a two-step process involving ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and their structures were determined by a combination analysis of monosaccharides and glycosidic linkages based on liquid chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC/QqQ-MS). The results indicate mulberry polysaccharides mainly contain highly branched pectic polysaccharides, (1,3,6)-linked glucan, xylan, and xyloglucan, but the content of different portions varies at different maturity stages. HG decreases from 19.12 and 19.14% (green mulberry) to 9.80 and 6.08% (red mulberry) but increases to 17.83 and 11.83% as mulberry transitioned from red to black. In contrast, the contents of glucan showed opposite trends. When mulberry turns red to black, the RG-I arabinan chains decrease from 47.75 and 28.86% to 13.16 and 12.72%, while the galactan side chains increase from 1.18 and 1.91 to 8.3 and 6.49%, xylan and xyloglucan show an increase in content. Overall, the two-step extraction combined with LC/QqQ-MS provides a new strategy for extensive analysis of complex plant polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Integrated Research Base of Southern Fruit and Vegetable Preservation Technology, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jinghua Wu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Integrated Research Base of Southern Fruit and Vegetable Preservation Technology, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ankai Hu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Integrated Research Base of Southern Fruit and Vegetable Preservation Technology, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zihao Yin
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Integrated Research Base of Southern Fruit and Vegetable Preservation Technology, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhiqiang Hou
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Integrated Research Base of Southern Fruit and Vegetable Preservation Technology, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xingqian Ye
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Integrated Research Base of Southern Fruit and Vegetable Preservation Technology, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang University Zhongyuan Institute, Zhengzhou 450000, China
- Ningbo Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
- Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing 314102, China
| | - Shiguo Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Integrated Research Base of Southern Fruit and Vegetable Preservation Technology, Zhejiang International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Health Food Manufacturing and Quality Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Zhejiang University Zhongyuan Institute, Zhengzhou 450000, China
- Ningbo Research Institute of Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
- Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing 314102, China
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9
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Li H, Zhang L, Li J, Wu Q, Qian L, He J, Ni Y, Kovatcheva-Datchary P, Yuan R, Liu S, Shen L, Zhang M, Sheng B, Li P, Kang K, Wu L, Fang Q, Long X, Wang X, Li Y, Ye Y, Ye J, Bao Y, Zhao Y, Xu G, Liu X, Panagiotou G, Xu A, Jia W. Resistant starch intake facilitates weight loss in humans by reshaping the gut microbiota. Nat Metab 2024; 6:578-597. [PMID: 38409604 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-024-00988-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that modulation of gut microbiota by dietary fibre may offer solutions for metabolic disorders. In a randomized placebo-controlled crossover design trial (ChiCTR-TTRCC-13003333) in 37 participants with overweight or obesity, we test whether resistant starch (RS) as a dietary supplement influences obesity-related outcomes. Here, we show that RS supplementation for 8 weeks can help to achieve weight loss (mean -2.8 kg) and improve insulin resistance in individuals with excess body weight. The benefits of RS are associated with changes in gut microbiota composition. Supplementation with Bifidobacterium adolescentis, a species that is markedly associated with the alleviation of obesity in the study participants, protects male mice from diet-induced obesity. Mechanistically, the RS-induced changes in the gut microbiota alter the bile acid profile, reduce inflammation by restoring the intestinal barrier and inhibit lipid absorption. We demonstrate that RS can facilitate weight loss at least partially through B. adolescentis and that the gut microbiota is essential for the action of RS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huating Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R., China.
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R., China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
- Department of Microbiome Dynamics, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Qian Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingling Qian
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junsheng He
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
| | - Yueqiong Ni
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Microbiome Dynamics, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Balance of the Microverse, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Rui Yuan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuangbo Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Shen
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingliang Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Sheng
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
- School of Design, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
| | - Kang Kang
- Department of Microbiome Dynamics, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Liang Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qichen Fang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxue Long
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Yanli Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Yaorui Ye
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Jianping Ye
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Metabolic Disease Research Center, Zhengzhou University Affiliated Zhengzhou Central Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuqian Bao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yueliang Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guowang Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China.
| | - Gianni Panagiotou
- Department of Microbiome Dynamics, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany.
- Cluster of Excellence Balance of the Microverse, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany.
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R., China.
| | - Aimin Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R., China.
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R., China.
| | - Weiping Jia
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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10
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Schoeler M, Chakaroun R, Brolin H, Larsson I, Perkins R, Marschall HU, Caesar R, Bäckhed F. Moderate variations in the human diet impact the gut microbiota in humanized mice. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024; 240:e14100. [PMID: 38258357 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
AIM Drastic diet interventions have been shown to promote rapid and significant compositional changes of the gut microbiota, but the impact of moderate diet variations is less clear. Here, we aimed to clarify the impact of moderate diet variations that remain within the spectrum of the habitual human diet on gut microbiota composition. METHODS We performed a pilot diet intervention where five healthy volunteers consumed a vegetarian ready-made meal for three days to standardize dietary intake before switching to a meat-based ready-made western-style meal and high sugar drink for two days. We performed 16S rRNA sequencing from daily fecal sampling to assess gut microbiota changes caused by the intervention diet. Furthermore, we used the volunteers' fecal samples to colonize germ-free mice that were fed the same sterilized diets to study the effect of a moderate diet intervention on the gut microbiota in a setting of reduced interindividual variation. RESULTS In the human intervention, we found that fecal microbiota composition varied between and within individuals regardless of diet. However, when we fed the same diets to mice colonized with the study participants' feces, we observed significant, often donor-specific, changes in the mouse microbiota following this moderate diet intervention. CONCLUSION Moderate variations in the habitual human diet have the potential to alter the gut microbiota. Feeding humanized mice human diets may facilitate our understanding of individual human gut microbiota responses to moderate dietary changes and help improve individualized interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Schoeler
- The Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rima Chakaroun
- The Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Harald Brolin
- The Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Larsson
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Unit of Clinical Nutrition and the Regional Obesity Center, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rosie Perkins
- The Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Hanns-Ulrich Marschall
- The Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Robert Caesar
- The Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Bäckhed
- The Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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11
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Elmassry MM, Sugihara K, Chankhamjon P, Camacho FR, Wang S, Sugimoto Y, Chatterjee S, Chen LA, Kamada N, Donia MS. A meta-analysis of the gut microbiome in inflammatory bowel disease patients identifies disease-associated small molecules. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.07.579278. [PMID: 38370680 PMCID: PMC10871352 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.07.579278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Changes in the gut microbiome have been associated with several human diseases, but the molecular and functional details underlying these associations remain largely unknown. Here, we performed a multi-cohort analysis of small molecule biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) in 5,306 metagenomic samples of the gut microbiome from 2,033 Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) patients and 833 matched healthy subjects and identified a group of Clostridia-derived BGCs that are significantly associated with IBD. Using synthetic biology, we discovered and solved the structures of six fatty acid amides as the products of the IBD-enriched BGCs. Using two mouse models of colitis, we show that the discovered small molecules disrupt gut permeability and exacerbate inflammation in chemically and genetically susceptible mice. These findings suggest that microbiome-derived small molecules may play a role in the etiology of IBD and represent a generalizable approach for discovering molecular mediators of microbiome-host interactions in the context of microbiome-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moamen M Elmassry
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, 08544, USA
| | - Kohei Sugihara
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
| | | | - Francine R Camacho
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, 08544, USA
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, 08544, USA
| | - Yuki Sugimoto
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, 08544, USA
| | - Seema Chatterjee
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, 08544, USA
| | - Lea Ann Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08901, USA
| | - Nobuhiko Kamada
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA
- WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mohamed S Donia
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, 08544, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, 08544, USA
- Lead Contact
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12
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Gao X, Xu F, Li T, Huang P, Yu L, Tian F, Zhao J, Chen W, Zhai Q. CAZymes-associated method to explore glycans that mitigate DSS-induced colitis via targeting Bacteroides cellulosilyticus. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 258:128694. [PMID: 38096941 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Improving Bacteroides cellulosilyticus abundance is a feasible approach to treating inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Although B. cellulosilyticus is responsive to dietary components, untargeted manipulation cannot focus on target microbe and lead to an increase in harmful bacteria in the microbiota. Breakthroughs in methods for regulating specific microbes, but the protocols are expensive, time-consuming, and difficult to follow. Glycans based on microbial-carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) would provide a potential solution. We propose a method based on CAZymes to explore polysaccharides that target specific gut microbes and alleviate diseases. The designed polysaccharides (Arabinogalactan, AG) enrich the abundance of B. cellulosilyticus in single-strain co-cultures, fermentation in vitro, and mouse models in vivo. Supplementation with AG relieved mice from colitis and clinical symptoms. We reveal that AG directly alters B. cellulosilyticus level and cooperative microbes, resulting in remission of colitis. Our glycan design pipeline is a promising way to improve disease through the targeted enhancement of specific microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - FuSheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Tangjun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Pan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Leilei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Fengwei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Qixiao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
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13
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Hibberd MC, Webber DM, Rodionov DA, Henrissat S, Chen RY, Zhou C, Lynn HM, Wang Y, Chang HW, Lee EM, Lelwala-Guruge J, Kazanov MD, Arzamasov AA, Leyn SA, Lombard V, Terrapon N, Henrissat B, Castillo JJ, Couture G, Bacalzo NP, Chen Y, Lebrilla CB, Mostafa I, Das S, Mahfuz M, Barratt MJ, Osterman AL, Ahmed T, Gordon JI. Bioactive glycans in a microbiome-directed food for children with malnutrition. Nature 2024; 625:157-165. [PMID: 38093016 PMCID: PMC10764277 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06838-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Evidence is accumulating that perturbed postnatal development of the gut microbiome contributes to childhood malnutrition1-4. Here we analyse biospecimens from a randomized, controlled trial of a microbiome-directed complementary food (MDCF-2) that produced superior rates of weight gain compared with a calorically more dense conventional ready-to-use supplementary food in 12-18-month-old Bangladeshi children with moderate acute malnutrition4. We reconstructed 1,000 bacterial genomes (metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs)) from the faecal microbiomes of trial participants, identified 75 MAGs of which the abundances were positively associated with ponderal growth (change in weight-for-length Z score (WLZ)), characterized changes in MAG gene expression as a function of treatment type and WLZ response, and quantified carbohydrate structures in MDCF-2 and faeces. The results reveal that two Prevotella copri MAGs that are positively associated with WLZ are the principal contributors to MDCF-2-induced expression of metabolic pathways involved in utilizing the component glycans of MDCF-2. The predicted specificities of carbohydrate-active enzymes expressed by their polysaccharide-utilization loci are correlated with (1) the in vitro growth of Bangladeshi P. copri strains, possessing varying degrees of polysaccharide-utilization loci and genomic conservation with these MAGs, in defined medium containing different purified glycans representative of those in MDCF-2, and (2) the levels of faecal carbohydrate structures in the trial participants. These associations suggest that identifying bioactive glycan structures in MDCFs metabolized by growth-associated bacterial taxa will help to guide recommendations about their use in children with acute malnutrition and enable the development of additional formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C Hibberd
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Daniel M Webber
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Dmitry A Rodionov
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Suzanne Henrissat
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Robert Y Chen
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Cyrus Zhou
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Hannah M Lynn
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yi Wang
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Hao-Wei Chang
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Evan M Lee
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Janaki Lelwala-Guruge
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Marat D Kazanov
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aleksandr A Arzamasov
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Semen A Leyn
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Vincent Lombard
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Terrapon
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Bernard Henrissat
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (DTU Bioengineering), Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
- Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Juan J Castillo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Garret Couture
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Nikita P Bacalzo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Ye Chen
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Carlito B Lebrilla
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Ishita Mostafa
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Subhasish Das
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mustafa Mahfuz
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Michael J Barratt
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Andrei L Osterman
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tahmeed Ahmed
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Jeffrey I Gordon
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
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14
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Silver RF, Xia M, Storer CE, Jarvela JR, Moyer MC, Blazevic A, Stoeckel DA, Rakey EK, Tennant JM, Goll JB, Head RD, Hoft DF. Distinct gene expression signatures comparing latent tuberculosis infection with different routes of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccination. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8507. [PMID: 38129388 PMCID: PMC10739751 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44136-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis remains an international health threat partly because of limited protection from pulmonary tuberculosis provided by standard intradermal vaccination with Bacillus of Calmette and Guérin (BCG); this may reflect the inability of intradermal vaccination to optimally induce pulmonary immunity. In contrast, respiratory Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection usually results in the immune-mediated bacillary containment of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). Here we present RNA-Seq-based assessments of systemic and pulmonary immune cells from LTBI participants and recipients of intradermal and oral BCG. LTBI individuals uniquely display ongoing immune activation and robust CD4 T cell recall responses in blood and lung. Intradermal BCG is associated with robust systemic immunity but only limited pulmonary immunity. Conversely, oral BCG induces limited systemic immunity but distinct pulmonary responses including enhanced inflammasome activation potentially associated with mucosal-associated invariant T cells. Further, IL-9 is identified as a component of systemic immunity in LTBI and intradermal BCG, and pulmonary immunity following oral BCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard F Silver
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans' Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Mei Xia
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy & Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Vaccine Development, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Chad E Storer
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jessica R Jarvela
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans' Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Michelle C Moyer
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Louis Stokes Cleveland Department of Veterans' Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Azra Blazevic
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy & Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Vaccine Development, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - David A Stoeckel
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Erin K Rakey
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jan M Tennant
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy & Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Richard D Head
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Daniel F Hoft
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Allergy & Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Center for Vaccine Development, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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15
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Doran BA, Chen RY, Giba H, Behera V, Barat B, Sundararajan A, Lin H, Sidebottom A, Pamer EG, Raman AS. An evolution-based framework for describing human gut bacteria. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.04.569969. [PMID: 38105970 PMCID: PMC10723311 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.04.569969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The human gut microbiome contains many bacterial strains of the same species ('strain-level variants'). Describing strains in a biologically meaningful way rather than purely taxonomically is an important goal but challenging due to the genetic complexity of strain-level variation. Here, we measured patterns of co-evolution across >7,000 strains spanning the bacterial tree-of-life. Using these patterns as a prior for studying hundreds of gut commensal strains that we isolated, sequenced, and metabolically profiled revealed widespread structure beneath the phylogenetic level of species. Defining strains by their co-evolutionary signatures enabled predicting their metabolic phenotypes and engineering consortia from strain genome content alone. Our findings demonstrate a biologically relevant organization to strain-level variation and motivate a new schema for describing bacterial strains based on their evolutionary history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A. Doran
- Duchossois Family Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637
- Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637
| | - Robert Y. Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195
| | - Hannah Giba
- Duchossois Family Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637
| | - Vivek Behera
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637
| | - Bidisha Barat
- Duchossois Family Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637
| | | | - Huaiying Lin
- Duchossois Family Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637
| | - Ashley Sidebottom
- Duchossois Family Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637
| | - Eric G. Pamer
- Duchossois Family Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637
| | - Arjun S. Raman
- Duchossois Family Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637
- Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637
- Center for the Physics of Evolving Systems, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637
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16
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Divyashri G, Karthik P, Murthy TPK, Priyadarshini D, Reddy KR, Raghu AV, Vaidyanathan VK. Non-digestible oligosaccharides-based prebiotics to ameliorate obesity: Overview of experimental evidence and future perspectives. Food Sci Biotechnol 2023; 32:1993-2011. [PMID: 37860742 PMCID: PMC10581984 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01381-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The diverse populations reportedly suffer from obesity on a global scale, and inconclusive evidence has indicated that both environmental and genetic factors are associated with obesity development. Therefore, a need exists to examine potential therapeutic or prophylactic molecules for obesity treatment. Prebiotics with non-digestible oligosaccharides (NDOs) have the potential to treat obesity. A limited number of prebiotic NDOs have demonstrated their ability as a convincing therapeutic solution to encounter obesity through various mechanisms, viz., stimulating beneficial microorganisms, reducing the population of pathogenic microorganisms, and also improving lipid metabolism and glucose homeostasis. NDOs include pectic-oligosaccharides, fructo-oligosaccharides, xylo-oligosaccharides, isomalto-oligosaccharides, manno-oligosaccharides and other oligosaccharides which significantly influence the overall human health by different mechanisms. This review provides the treatment of obesity benefits by incorporating these prebiotic NDOs, according to established scientific research, which shows their good effects extend beyond the colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Divyashri
- Department of Biotechnology, M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, 560 054 India
| | - Pothiyappan Karthik
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education, Coimbatore, 641 021 India
| | - T. P. Krishna Murthy
- Department of Biotechnology, M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, 560 054 India
| | - Dey Priyadarshini
- Department of Biotechnology, M S Ramaiah Institute of Technology, Bengaluru, 560 054 India
| | - Kakarla Raghava Reddy
- School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia
| | - Anjanapura V. Raghu
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, BLDE (Deemed-to-Be University), Vijayapura, 586103 Karnataka India
| | - Vinoth Kumar Vaidyanathan
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, Integrated Bioprocessing Laboratory, SRM Institute of Science and Technology (SRM IST), 603 203 Kattankulathur, India
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17
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Weber AM, Barbazza S, Fauzi MD, Rachmadewi A, Zuhrina R, Putri FK, Campos Ponce M, Hoeven MVD, Rimbawan R, Nasution Z, Giriwono PE, Wieringa FT, Soekarjo DD, Ryan EP. Solutions to Enhance Health with Alternative Treatments (SEHAT) protocol: a double-blinded randomised controlled trial for gut microbiota-targeted treatment of severe acute malnutrition using rice bran in ready-to-use therapeutic foods in Indonesia. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e076805. [PMID: 38000818 PMCID: PMC10680013 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-076805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Current formulations of ready-to-use therapeutic foods (RUTFs) to treat severe acute malnutrition (SAM) in children focus on nutrient density and quantity. Less attention is given to foods targeting gut microbiota metabolism and mucosal barrier functions. Heat-stabilised rice bran contains essential nutrients, prebiotics, vitamins and unique phytochemicals that have demonstrated favourable bioactivity to modulate gut microbiota composition and mucosal immunity. This study seeks to examine the impact of RUTF with rice bran on the microbiota during SAM treatment, recovery and post-treatment growth outcomes in Jember, Indonesia. Findings are expected to provide insights into rice bran as a novel food ingredient to improve SAM treatment outcomes. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A total of 200 children aged 6-59 months with uncomplicated SAM (weight-for-height z-scores (WHZ) <-3, or mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) <115 mm or having bilateral pitting oedema +/++) or approaching SAM (WHZ<-2.5) will be enrolled in a double-blinded, randomised controlled trial. Children in the active control arm will receive a locally produced RUTF; those in the intervention arm will receive the local RUTF with 5% rice bran. Children will receive daily RUTF treatment for 8 weeks and be monitored for 8 weeks of follow-up. Primary outcomes include the effectiveness of RUTF as measured by changes in weight, WHO growth z-scores, MUAC and morbidity. Secondary outcomes include modulation of the gut microbiome and dried blood spot metabolome, the percentage of children recovered at weeks 8 and 12, and malnutrition relapse at week 16. An intention-to-treat analysis will be conducted for each outcome. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The findings of this trial will be submitted to peer-reviewed journals and will be presented at relevant conferences. Ethics approval obtained from the Medical and Health Research Ethical Committee at the Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Madain Yogyakarta Ref. No.: KE/FK/0546/EC/2022 and KE/FK/0703/EC/2023 and from Colorado State University IRB#1823, OHRP FWA00000647. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT05319717.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika M Weber
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Silvia Barbazza
- Department of Health Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Moretta D Fauzi
- Department of Health Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Montpellier, France
- Mohammad Hoesin Hospital, Palembang, Indonesia
| | | | | | | | - Maiza Campos Ponce
- Department of Health Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Rimbawan Rimbawan
- South East Asia Food and Agriculture Science and Technology (SEAFAST) Center, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia
- Department of Community Nutrition, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
| | - Zuraidah Nasution
- South East Asia Food and Agriculture Science and Technology (SEAFAST) Center, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia
- Department of Community Nutrition, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
| | - Puspo E Giriwono
- South East Asia Food and Agriculture Science and Technology (SEAFAST) Center, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
| | - Frank T Wieringa
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Montpellier, France
- UMR Qualisud, University of Montpellier, Institut Agro, CIRAD, IRD, Avignon University and University of Reunion, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Elizabeth P Ryan
- Department of Environmental & Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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18
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Mu J, Jin H, Wu H. Effects of nutritional therapy on gastrointestinal microbial digestion and barrier defense markers in elderly patients with diabetes. Aging Clin Exp Res 2023; 35:2667-2674. [PMID: 37821689 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-023-02518-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We sought to investigate the effects of gastrointestinal nutrition therapy on gastrointestinal microbial digestion and barrier defense markers in elderly patients with diabetes. METHODS A total of 120 elderly patients with type 2 diabetes were enrolled at our hospital between January 2020 and December 2022. The participants in this study were randomly allocated into either the nutritional group (n = 60) who underwent gastrointestinal nutrition therapy or the control group (n = 60) who underwent conventional T2DM diet management for a period of 12 weeks. Clinical data, as well as small intestinal permeability measured by the lactulose-mannitol urine test, plasma circulating IL-6 and zonulin levels measured by ELISA, and expressions of ZO-1 and Claudin-3 in blood analyzed through Western blotting were collected. RESULTS The nutrition group demonstrated a higher proportion of patients achieving HbA1c < 7% compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Moreover, the nutrition group exhibited a greater reduction in fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The concentrations of formate-tetrahydrofolate ligase and acetic CoA transferase were significantly increased in the nutrition group compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Fecal analysis revealed higher levels of acetic acid and butyric acid in the nutrition group compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The ratio of lactulose to mannitol was higher in the nutrition group compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the nutrition group showed lower levels of IL-6 and zonulin compared to the control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Personalized gastrointestinal nutrition therapy was found to enhance the production of short-chain fatty acids and preserve intestinal permeability, leading to improved gastrointestinal microbial digestion and barrier defense in elderly patients with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfo Mu
- Data Analysis Center, Shanghai Healink Medical Information Consulting Co., LTD, Beijing, China
| | - Hefeng Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130061, China
| | - Hui Wu
- Research Center, Shanghai Healing Medical Information Consulting Co., LTD, No.258 Pingyang Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 201102, China.
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19
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Beller ZW, Wesener DA, Seebeck TR, Guruge JL, Byrne AE, Henrissat S, Terrapon N, Henrissat B, Rodionov DA, Osterman AL, Suarez C, Bacalzo NP, Chen Y, Couture G, Lebrilla CB, Zhang Z, Eastlund ER, McCann CH, Davis GD, Gordon JI. Inducible CRISPR-targeted "knockdown" of human gut Bacteroides in gnotobiotic mice discloses glycan utilization strategies. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2311422120. [PMID: 37733741 PMCID: PMC10523453 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2311422120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding how members of the human gut microbiota prioritize nutrient resources is one component of a larger effort to decipher the mechanisms defining microbial community robustness and resiliency in health and disease. This knowledge is foundational for development of microbiota-directed therapeutics. To model how bacteria prioritize glycans in the gut, germfree mice were colonized with 13 human gut bacterial strains, including seven saccharolytic Bacteroidaceae species. Animals were fed a Western diet supplemented with pea fiber. After community assembly, an inducible CRISPR-based system was used to selectively and temporarily reduce the absolute abundance of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron or B. cellulosilyticus by 10- to 60-fold. Each knockdown resulted in specific, reproducible increases in the abundances of other Bacteroidaceae and dynamic alterations in their expression of genes involved in glycan utilization. Emergence of these "alternate consumers" was associated with preservation of community saccharolytic activity. Using an inducible system for CRISPR base editing in vitro, we disrupted translation of transporters critical for utilizing dietary polysaccharides in Phocaeicola vulgatus, a B. cellulosilyticus knockdown-responsive taxon. In vitro and in vivo tests of the resulting P. vulgatus mutants allowed us to further characterize mechanisms associated with its increased fitness after knockdown. In principle, the approach described can be applied to study utilization of a range of nutrients and to preclinical efforts designed to develop therapeutic strategies for precision manipulation of microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary W. Beller
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO63110
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO63110
| | - Darryl A. Wesener
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO63110
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO63110
| | - Timothy R. Seebeck
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO63110
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO63110
- Genome Engineering R&D, MilliporeSigma, the Life Science business Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany, St. Louis, MO63103
| | - Janaki L. Guruge
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO63110
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO63110
| | - Alexandra E. Byrne
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO63110
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO63110
| | - Suzanne Henrissat
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO63110
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO63110
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Aix-Marseille University, 13288Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Terrapon
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and Aix-Marseille University, 13288Marseille, France
| | - Bernard Henrissat
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. LyngbyDK-2800, Denmark
- Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dmitry A. Rodionov
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA92037
| | - Andrei L. Osterman
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA92037
| | - Chris Suarez
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA95616
| | | | - Ye Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA95616
| | - Garret Couture
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA95616
| | | | - Zhigang Zhang
- Genome Engineering R&D, MilliporeSigma, the Life Science business Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany, St. Louis, MO63103
| | - Erik R. Eastlund
- Genome Engineering R&D, MilliporeSigma, the Life Science business Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany, St. Louis, MO63103
| | - Caitlin H. McCann
- Genome Engineering R&D, MilliporeSigma, the Life Science business Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany, St. Louis, MO63103
| | - Gregory D. Davis
- Genome Engineering R&D, MilliporeSigma, the Life Science business Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany, St. Louis, MO63103
| | - Jeffrey I. Gordon
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO63110
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO63110
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20
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Nagakubo D, Kaibori Y. Oral Microbiota: The Influences and Interactions of Saliva, IgA, and Dietary Factors in Health and Disease. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2307. [PMID: 37764151 PMCID: PMC10535076 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11092307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in metagenomic analyses have made it easier to analyze microbiota. The microbiota, a symbiotic community of microorganisms including bacteria, archaea, fungi, and viruses within a specific environment in tissues such as the digestive tract and skin, has a complex relationship with the host. Recent studies have revealed that microbiota composition and balance particularly affect the health of the host and the onset of disease. Influences such as diet, food preferences, and sanitation play crucial roles in microbiota composition. The oral cavity is where the digestive tract directly communicates with the outside. Stable temperature and humidity provide optimal growth environments for many bacteria. However, the oral cavity is a unique environment that is susceptible to pH changes, salinity, food nutrients, and external pathogens. Recent studies have emphasized the importance of the oral microbiota, as changes in bacterial composition and balance could contribute to the development of systemic diseases. This review focuses on saliva, IgA, and fermented foods because they play critical roles in maintaining the oral bacterial environment by regulating its composition and balance. More attention should be paid to the oral microbiota and its regulatory factors in oral and systemic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Nagakubo
- Division of Health and Hygienic Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Himeji Dokkyo University, 7-2-1 Kamiohno, Himeji 670-8524, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Kaibori
- Division of Health and Hygienic Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Himeji Dokkyo University, 7-2-1 Kamiohno, Himeji 670-8524, Hyogo, Japan
- Laboratory of Analytics for Biomolecules, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Setsunan University, 45-1 Nagaotoge-cho, Hirakata-shi 573-0101, Osaka, Japan;
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21
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Wang X, Li X, Zhang L, An L, Guo L, Huang L, Gao W. Recent progress in plant-derived polysaccharides with prebiotic potential for intestinal health by targeting gut microbiota: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-30. [PMID: 37651130 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2248631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Natural products of plant origin are of high interest and widely used, especially in the food industry, due to their low toxicity and wide range of bioactive properties. Compared to other plant components, the safety of polysaccharides has been generally recognized. As dietary fibers, plant-derived polysaccharides are mostly degraded in the intestine by polysaccharide-degrading enzymes secreted by gut microbiota, and have potential prebiotic activity in both non-disease and disease states, which should not be overlooked, especially in terms of their involvement in the treatment of intestinal diseases and the promotion of intestinal health. This review elucidates the regulatory effects of plant-derived polysaccharides on gut microbiota and summarizes the mechanisms involved in targeting gut microbiota for the treatment of intestinal diseases. Further, the structure-activity relationships between different structural types of plant-derived polysaccharides and the occurrence of their prebiotic activity are further explored. Finally, the practical applications of plant-derived polysaccharides in food production and food packaging are summarized and discussed, providing important references for expanding the application of plant-derived polysaccharides in the food industry or developing functional dietary supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhen Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xia Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Luyao Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lingzhuo An
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lanping Guo
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Luqi Huang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenyuan Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery & High-Efficiency, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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22
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Hibberd MC, Webber DM, Rodionov DA, Henrissat S, Chen RY, Zhou C, Lynn HM, Wang Y, Chang HW, Lee EM, Lelwala-Guruge J, Kazanov MD, Arzamasov AA, Leyn SA, Lombard V, Terrapon N, Henrissat B, Castillo JJ, Couture G, Bacalzo NP, Chen Y, Lebrilla CB, Mostafa I, Das S, Mahfuz M, Barratt MJ, Osterman AL, Ahmed T, Gordon JI. Bioactive glycans in a microbiome-directed food for malnourished children. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.08.14.23293998. [PMID: 37645824 PMCID: PMC10462212 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.14.23293998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Evidence is accumulating that perturbed postnatal development of the gut microbiome contributes to childhood malnutrition1-4. Designing effective microbiome-directed therapeutic foods to repair these perturbations requires knowledge about how food components interact with the microbiome to alter its expressed functions. Here we use biospecimens from a randomized, controlled trial of a microbiome-directed complementary food prototype (MDCF-2) that produced superior rates of weight gain compared to a conventional ready-to-use supplementary food (RUSF) in 12-18-month-old Bangladeshi children with moderate acute malnutrition (MAM)4. We reconstructed 1000 bacterial genomes (metagenome-assembled genomes, MAGs) present in their fecal microbiomes, identified 75 whose abundances were positively associated with weight gain (change in weight-for-length Z score, WLZ), characterized gene expression changes in these MAGs as a function of treatment type and WLZ response, and used mass spectrometry to quantify carbohydrate structures in MDCF-2 and feces. The results reveal treatment-induced changes in expression of carbohydrate metabolic pathways in WLZ-associated MAGs. Comparing participants consuming MDCF-2 versus RUSF, and MDCF-2-treated children in the upper versus lower quartiles of WLZ responses revealed that two Prevotella copri MAGs positively associated with WLZ were principal contributors to MDCF-2-induced expression of metabolic pathways involved in utilization of its component glycans. Moreover, the predicted specificities of carbohydrate active enzymes expressed by polysaccharide utilization loci (PULs) in these two MAGs correlate with the (i) in vitro growth of Bangladeshi P. copri strains, possessing differing degrees of PUL and overall genomic content similarity to these MAGs, cultured in defined medium containing different purified glycans representative of those in MDCF-2, and (ii) levels of carbohydrate structures identified in feces from clinical trial participants. In the accompanying paper5, we use a gnotobiotic mouse model colonized with age- and WLZ-associated bacterial taxa cultured from this study population, and fed diets resembling those consumed by study participants, to directly test the relationship between P. copri, MDCF-2 glycan metabolism, host ponderal growth responses, and intestinal gene expression and metabolism. The ability to identify bioactive glycan structures in MDCFs that are metabolized by growth-associated bacterial taxa will help guide recommendations about use of this MDCF for children with acute malnutrition representing different geographic locales and ages, as well as enable development of bioequivalent, or more efficacious, formulations composed of culturally acceptable and affordable ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C. Hibberd
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology,
Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington
University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University
School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Daniel M. Webber
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology,
Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington
University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University
School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Dmitry A. Rodionov
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham
Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Suzanne Henrissat
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology,
Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington
University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques,
CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, F-13288, Marseille, France
| | - Robert Y. Chen
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology,
Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington
University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Cyrus Zhou
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology,
Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington
University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Hannah M. Lynn
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology,
Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington
University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Yi Wang
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology,
Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington
University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Hao-Wei Chang
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology,
Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington
University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Evan M. Lee
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology,
Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington
University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Janaki Lelwala-Guruge
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology,
Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington
University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Marat D. Kazanov
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University,
Istanbul, Turkey, 34956
| | - Aleksandr A. Arzamasov
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham
Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Semen A. Leyn
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham
Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Vincent Lombard
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques,
CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, F-13288, Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Terrapon
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques,
CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, F-13288, Marseille, France
| | - Bernard Henrissat
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (DTU Bioengineering),
Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University,
Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Juan J. Castillo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA
95616, USA
| | - Garret Couture
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA
95616, USA
| | - Nikita P. Bacalzo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA
95616, USA
| | - Ye Chen
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology,
Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington
University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA
95616, USA
| | | | - Ishita Mostafa
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research,
Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Subhasish Das
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research,
Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Mustafa Mahfuz
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research,
Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Michael J. Barratt
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology,
Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington
University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University
School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Andrei L. Osterman
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham
Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA
| | - Tahmeed Ahmed
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research,
Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Jeffrey I. Gordon
- Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology,
Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
- Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, Washington
University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University
School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
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23
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Pathare NN, Fayet-Moore F, Fogarty JA, Jacka FN, Strandwitz P, Strangman GE, Donoviel DB. Nourishing the brain on deep space missions: nutritional psychiatry in promoting resilience. Front Neural Circuits 2023; 17:1170395. [PMID: 37663891 PMCID: PMC10469890 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2023.1170395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The grueling psychological demands of a journey into deep space coupled with ever-increasing distances away from home pose a unique problem: how can we best take advantage of the benefits of fresh foods in a place that has none? Here, we consider the biggest challenges associated with our current spaceflight food system, highlight the importance of supporting optimal brain health on missions into deep space, and discuss evidence about food components that impact brain health. We propose a future food system that leverages the gut microbiota that can be individually tailored to best support the brain and mental health of crews on deep space long-duration missions. Working toward this goal, we will also be making investments in sustainable means to nourish the crew that remains here on spaceship Earth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihar N. Pathare
- Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Jennifer A. Fogarty
- Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Translational Research Institute for Space Health (TRISH), Houston, TX, United States
| | - Felice N. Jacka
- Food and Mood Centre, Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT) Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Gary E. Strangman
- Neural Systems Group, Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School and Harvard-MIT, Charlestown, MA, United States
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Dorit B. Donoviel
- Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Translational Research Institute for Space Health (TRISH), Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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24
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Gao X, Zhao J, Chen W, Zhai Q. Food and drug design for gut microbiota-directed regulation: Current experimental landscape and future innovation. Pharmacol Res 2023; 194:106867. [PMID: 37499703 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Most diets and medications enhance host health via microbiota-dependent ways, but it is in the present situation of untargeted regulation. Non-targeted regulation may lead to the ineffectiveness of dietary supplements or drug treatment. Microbiota-directed food, aiming to improve diseases by targeting specific microbes without affecting other bacteria, have been proposed to deal with this problem. However, there is currently no universally applicable method to explore such foods or drugs. In this review, thirty studies on recent efforts in microbiota directed diets and medications are summarized from various databases. The methods used to find new foods and medications are primarily divided into four groups depending on the experimental models: in vivo and in vitro, as well as predictions based on bioinformatics. We also discuss their implementation, interpretation, and respective limitations, and describe the present situation. We further put forward a framework for microbiota-directed foods and medicine according to above methods and other microbiome manipulation, which will spur precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Qixiao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
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25
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Flor-Duro A, Olivares M, Sanz Y. Tracking microbiota fibre breakdown to treat NASH. Nat Microbiol 2023; 8:1382-1383. [PMID: 37488258 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-023-01440-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Flor-Duro
- Microbiome, Nutrition & Health Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence, National Research Council, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Olivares
- Microbiome, Nutrition & Health Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence, National Research Council, Valencia, Spain
| | - Yolanda Sanz
- Microbiome, Nutrition & Health Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence, National Research Council, Valencia, Spain.
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26
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Wei W, Wong CC, Jia Z, Liu W, Liu C, Ji F, Pan Y, Wang F, Wang G, Zhao L, Chu ESH, Zhang X, Sung JJY, Yu J. Parabacteroides distasonis uses dietary inulin to suppress NASH via its metabolite pentadecanoic acid. Nat Microbiol 2023; 8:1534-1548. [PMID: 37386075 PMCID: PMC10390331 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-023-01418-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the severe form of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and is characterized by liver inflammation and fat accumulation. Dietary interventions, such as fibre, have been shown to alleviate this metabolic disorder in mice via the gut microbiota. Here, we investigated the mechanistic role of the gut microbiota in ameliorating NASH via dietary fibre in mice. Soluble fibre inulin was found to be more effective than insoluble fibre cellulose to suppress NASH progression in mice, as shown by reduced hepatic steatosis, necro-inflammation, ballooning and fibrosis. We employed stable isotope probing to trace the incorporation of 13C-inulin into gut bacterial genomes and metabolites during NASH progression. Shotgun metagenome sequencing revealed that the commensal Parabacteroides distasonis was enriched by 13C-inulin. Integration of 13C-inulin metagenomes and metabolomes suggested that P. distasonis used inulin to produce pentadecanoic acid, an odd-chain fatty acid, which was confirmed in vitro and in germ-free mice. P. distasonis or pentadecanoic acid was protective against NASH in mice. Mechanistically, inulin, P. distasonis or pentadecanoic acid restored gut barrier function in NASH models, which reduced serum lipopolysaccharide and liver pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. Overall this shows that gut microbiota members can use dietary fibre to generate beneficial metabolites to suppress metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchao Wei
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chi Chun Wong
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Zhongjun Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Black Soils Conservation and Utilization, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
- Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing, China
| | - Weixin Liu
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Changan Liu
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Fenfen Ji
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yasi Pan
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Feixue Wang
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Guoping Wang
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Liuyang Zhao
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Eagle S H Chu
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Joseph J Y Sung
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jun Yu
- Institute of Digestive Disease and Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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27
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Xu T, Tao X, He H, Kempher ML, Zhang S, Liu X, Wang J, Wang D, Ning D, Pan C, Ge H, Zhang N, He YX, Zhou J. Functional and structural diversification of incomplete phosphotransferase system in cellulose-degrading clostridia. THE ISME JOURNAL 2023; 17:823-835. [PMID: 36899058 PMCID: PMC10203250 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-023-01392-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrate utilization is critical to microbial survival. The phosphotransferase system (PTS) is a well-documented microbial system with a prominent role in carbohydrate metabolism, which can transport carbohydrates through forming a phosphorylation cascade and regulate metabolism by protein phosphorylation or interactions in model strains. However, those PTS-mediated regulated mechanisms have been underexplored in non-model prokaryotes. Here, we performed massive genome mining for PTS components in nearly 15,000 prokaryotic genomes from 4,293 species and revealed a high prevalence of incomplete PTSs in prokaryotes with no association to microbial phylogeny. Among these incomplete PTS carriers, a group of lignocellulose degrading clostridia was identified to have lost PTS sugar transporters and carry a substitution of the conserved histidine residue in the core PTS component, HPr (histidine-phosphorylatable phosphocarrier). Ruminiclostridium cellulolyticum was then selected as a representative to interrogate the function of incomplete PTS components in carbohydrate metabolism. Inactivation of the HPr homolog reduced rather than increased carbohydrate utilization as previously indicated. In addition to regulating distinct transcriptional profiles, PTS associated CcpA (Catabolite Control Protein A) homologs diverged from previously described CcpA with varied metabolic relevance and distinct DNA binding motifs. Furthermore, the DNA binding of CcpA homologs is independent of HPr homolog, which is determined by structural changes at the interface of CcpA homologs, rather than in HPr homolog. These data concordantly support functional and structural diversification of PTS components in metabolic regulation and bring novel understanding of regulatory mechanisms of incomplete PTSs in cellulose-degrading clostridia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xu
- Section on Pathophysiology and Molecular Pharmacology, Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, and Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Xuanyu Tao
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, and Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Hongxi He
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, PR China
- Institutes of Material Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, PR China
| | - Megan L Kempher
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, and Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Siping Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Xiaochun Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, PR China
- Institutes of Material Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, PR China
| | - Jun Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, PR China
- Institutes of Material Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, PR China
| | - Dongyu Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Daliang Ning
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, and Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Chongle Pan
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
- School of computer science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Honghua Ge
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, PR China
- Institutes of Material Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, PR China
| | - Nannan Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, PR China.
- Institutes of Material Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, PR China.
| | - Yong-Xing He
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China.
| | - Jizhong Zhou
- Institute for Environmental Genomics, and Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA.
- School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA.
- Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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28
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Madhu V, Hernandez-Meadows M, Boneski PK, Qiu Y, Guntur AR, Kurland IJ, Barve RA, Risbud MV. The mitophagy receptor BNIP3 is critical for the regulation of metabolic homeostasis and mitochondrial function in the nucleus pulposus cells of the intervertebral disc. Autophagy 2023; 19:1821-1843. [PMID: 36628478 PMCID: PMC10262801 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2162245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The contribution of mitochondria to the metabolic function of hypoxic NP cells has been overlooked. We have shown that NP cells contain networked mitochondria and that mitochondrial translocation of BNIP3 mediates hypoxia-induced mitophagy. However, whether BNIP3 also plays a role in governing mitochondrial function and metabolism in hypoxic NP cells is not known. BNIP3 knockdown altered mitochondrial morphology, and number, and increased mitophagy. Interestingly, BNIP3 deficiency in NP cells reduced glycolytic capacity reflected by lower production of lactate/H+ and lower ATP production rate. Widely targeted metabolic profiling and flux analysis using 1-2-13C-glucose showed that the BNIP3 loss resulted in redirection of glycolytic flux into pentose phosphate and hexosamine biosynthesis as well as pyruvate resulting in increased TCA flux. An overall reduction in one-carbon metabolism was noted suggesting reduced biosynthesis. U13C-glutamine flux analysis showed preservation of glutamine utilization to maintain TCA intermediates. The transcriptomic analysis of the BNIP3-deficient cells showed dysregulation of cellular functions including membrane and cytoskeletal integrity, ECM-growth factor signaling, and protein quality control with an overall increase in themes related to angiogenesis and innate immune response. Importantly, we observed strong thematic similarities with the transcriptome of a subset of human degenerative samples. Last, we noted increased autophagic flux, decreased disc height index and aberrant COL10A1/collagen X expression, signs of early disc degeneration in young adult bnip3 knockout mice. These results suggested that in addition to mitophagy regulation, BNIP3 plays a role in maintaining mitochondrial function and metabolism, and dysregulation of mitochondrial homeostasis could promote disc degeneration.Abbreviations: ECAR extracellular acidification rate; HIF hypoxia inducible factor; MFA metabolic flux analysis; NP nucleus pulposus; OCR oxygen consumption rate; ShBnip3 short-hairpin Bnip3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vedavathi Madhu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Miriam Hernandez-Meadows
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Paige K Boneski
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Yunping Qiu
- Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Anyonya R Guntur
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA
| | - Irwin J. Kurland
- Einstein-Mount Sinai Diabetes Research Center (ES-DRC), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Ruteja A Barve
- Department of Genetics, Genome Technology Access Centre at the McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University, School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Makarand V. Risbud
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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29
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Wang Y, Salonen A, Jian C. Can prebiotics help tackle the childhood obesity epidemic? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1178155. [PMID: 37305030 PMCID: PMC10253620 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1178155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, excess weight during childhood and adolescence has become a public health crisis with limited treatment options. Emerging evidence suggesting the involvement of gut microbial dysbiosis in obesity instills hope that targeting the gut microbiota could help prevent or treat obesity. In pre-clinical models and adults, prebiotic consumption has been shown to reduce adiposity partially via restoring symbiosis. However, there is a dearth of clinical research into its potential metabolic benefits in the pediatric population. Here, we provide a succinct overview of the common characteristics of the gut microbiota in childhood obesity and mechanisms of action of prebiotics conferring metabolic benefits. We then summarize available clinical trials in children with overweight or obesity investigating the effects of prebiotics on weight management. This review highlights several controversial aspects in the microbiota-dependent mechanisms by which prebiotics are thought to affect host metabolism that warrant future investigation in order to design efficacious interventions for pediatric obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqin Wang
- School of Life and Health Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, China
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne Salonen
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ching Jian
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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30
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Chakaroun RM, Olsson LM, Bäckhed F. The potential of tailoring the gut microbiome to prevent and treat cardiometabolic disease. Nat Rev Cardiol 2023; 20:217-235. [PMID: 36241728 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-022-00771-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite milestones in preventive measures and treatment, cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains associated with a high burden of morbidity and mortality. The protracted nature of the development and progression of CVD motivates the identification of early and complementary targets that might explain and alleviate any residual risk in treated patients. The gut microbiota has emerged as a sentinel between our inner milieu and outer environment and relays a modified risk associated with these factors to the host. Accordingly, numerous mechanistic studies in animal models support a causal role of the gut microbiome in CVD via specific microbial or shared microbiota-host metabolites and have identified converging mammalian targets for these signals. Similarly, large-scale cohort studies have repeatedly reported perturbations of the gut microbial community in CVD, supporting the translational potential of targeting this ecological niche, but the move from bench to bedside has not been smooth. In this Review, we provide an overview of the current evidence on the interconnectedness of the gut microbiome and CVD against the noisy backdrop of highly prevalent confounders in advanced CVD, such as increased metabolic burden and polypharmacy. We further aim to conceptualize the molecular mechanisms at the centre of these associations and identify actionable gut microbiome-based targets, while contextualizing the current knowledge within the clinical scenario and emphasizing the limitations of the field that need to be overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima Mohsen Chakaroun
- The Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Medical Department III - Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lisa M Olsson
- The Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Bäckhed
- The Wallenberg Laboratory, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Clinical Physiology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Leshem A, Elinav E. Diversifying nutritional sciences-dietary practices and gut bacteria in individuals of Latino and Hispanic ancestry. Am J Clin Nutr 2023; 117:451-452. [PMID: 36872014 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2022.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Avner Leshem
- Systems Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel; Department of Surgery, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eran Elinav
- Systems Immunology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel; Microbiome & Cancer Division, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany.
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32
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Long Y, Tang L, Zhou Y, Zhao S, Zhu H. Causal relationship between gut microbiota and cancers: a two-sample Mendelian randomisation study. BMC Med 2023; 21:66. [PMID: 36810112 PMCID: PMC9945666 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-02761-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 94.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence from observational studies and clinical trials suggests that the gut microbiota is associated with cancer. However, the causal association between gut microbiota and cancer remains to be determined. METHODS We first identified two sets of gut microbiota based on phylum, class, order, family, and genus level information, and cancer data were obtained from the IEU Open GWAS project. We then performed two-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR) to determine whether the gut microbiota is causally associated with eight cancer types. Furthermore, we performed a bi-directional MR analysis to examine the direction of the causal relations. RESULTS We identified 11 causal relationships between genetic liability in the gut microbiome and cancer, including those involving the genus Bifidobacterium. We found 17 strong associations between genetic liability in the gut microbiome and cancer. Moreover, we found 24 associations between genetic liability in the gut microbiome and cancer using multiple datasets. CONCLUSIONS Our MR analysis revealed that the gut microbiota was causally associated with cancers and may be useful in providing new insights for further mechanistic and clinical studies of microbiota-mediated cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Long
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Lanhua Tang
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangying Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China
| | - Shushan Zhao
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, People's Republic of China.
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33
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Wang Y, Jian C, Salonen A, Dong M, Yang Z. Designing healthier bread through the lens of the gut microbiota. Trends Food Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2023.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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Lai S, Chen Z, Zhang Y, Li G, Wang Y, Cui Q. Micronization Effects on Structural, Functional, and Antioxidant Properties of Wheat Bran. Foods 2022; 12:foods12010098. [PMID: 36613314 PMCID: PMC9818641 DOI: 10.3390/foods12010098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the effect of micronization on the structural, functional, and antioxidant properties of wheat bran, wheat bran with mean particle size (D50) of 46.08, 34.29, 26.51, 26.35, and 26.05 μm were prepared by using an ultrafine pulverizer under different rolling frequencies (0, 6, 9, 12, and 15 times). The main chemical components and structural, functional, and antioxidant properties of the wheat bran were compared and a correlation analysis was conducted. As the D50 of the wheat bran decreased from 46.08 μm to 26.05 μm, the micromorphology exhibited the destruction of the bundle structure, which is formed by starch and fiber, during which the starch particles peeled off, the fiber fragments destructed, and some of the slim fiber fragments attached to the surfaces of the starch granules. According to the X-ray diffraction pattern, part of the crystalline structure was transformed into an amorphous structure and the crystallization index decreased from 13.08% to 3.95%. According to the near-infrared spectrum, more active groups, such as the hydroxyl group, were exposed; however, no new groups were generated. These structural changes accordingly caused changes in the chemical components, functional properties, and antioxidant properties of the wheat bran. Specifically, the protein, total phenols, total flavonoids, and fatty acid content increased by 6.72%, 23.47%, 19.07%, and 172.88%, respectively. The lipase activity, antioxidant activity in vitro (DPPH• scavenging activity, ABTS+• scavenging activity, and ferric reducing antioxidant power), and the water-holding, cholesterol-adsorption, sodium nitrite-adsorption, and cation-exchange capacities, were enhanced to some extent. The oil-holding capacity decreased from 3.01 g/g to 1.32 g/g. The swelling capacity decreased first and then increased and the swelling capacity of the wheat bran with a D50 of 34.29 μm was the lowest (3.62 mL/g). Therefore, the micronization could be used as a pretreatment method to improve the functional and antioxidant properties of wheat bran; however, the optimal particle size of wheat bran is based on the function of the product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitong Lai
- College of Agricultural Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Zhenjia Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Yanqing Zhang
- College of Agricultural Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Guang Li
- College of Agricultural Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Yuanmeng Wang
- College of Agricultural Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Qingliang Cui
- College of Agricultural Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
- Correspondence:
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Gan B, Sun N, Lai J, Wan Z, Li L, Wang Y, Zeng Y, Zeng D, Pan K, Fang J, Shu G, Wang H, Xin J, Ni X. Dynamic Monitoring of Changes in Fecal Flora of Giant Pandas in Mice: Co-Occurrence Network Reconstruction. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 11:e0199122. [PMID: 36472469 PMCID: PMC10100740 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01991-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Giant pandas are uniquely vulnerable mammals in western China. It is important to develop an animal model to explore the intestinal flora of giant pandas to understand the relationship between digestive diseases and flora. Existing animal models of intestinal flora focus on human flora-associated animals, such as mice, and there is a very limited amount of knowledge regarding giant panda flora-associated animals. To fill this gap, fecal microorganisms from giant pandas were transplanted into pseudosterile and germfree mice using single and multiple gavages. Fecal samples were collected from mice at four time points after transplantation for microbial community analysis. We determined that compared to pseudosterile mice, the characteristics of intestinal flora in pandas were better reproduced in germfree mice. There was no significant difference in microbial diversity between germfree mice and giant panda gut microbes from day 3 to day 21. Germfree mice at the phylum level possessed large amounts of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, and at the genus level, Escherichia-Shigella, Clostridium sensu stricto 1, and Streptococcus dominated the intestinal flora structure. The microbial community co-occurrence network based on indicator species indicated that germfree mice transplanted with fecal bacteria tended to form a microbial community co-occurrence network similar to that of giant pandas, while pseudosterile mice tended to restore the microbial community co-occurrence network originally present in these mice. Our data are helpful for the study of giant panda flora-associated animals and provide new insights for the in vitro study of giant panda intestinal flora. IMPORTANCE The giant panda is a unique vulnerable mammal in western China, and its main cause of death is digestive system diseases regardless of whether these animals are in the wild or in captivity. The relationship between the intestinal flora and the host exerts a significant impact on the nutrition and health of the giant pandas. However, the protected status of the giant panda has made in vivo, repeatable, and large-sample sampling studies of their intestinal flora difficult. This greatly hinders the research depth of the giant panda intestinal flora from the source. The development and utilization of specific animal models to simulate the structure and characteristics of the intestinal flora provide another means to deal with these research limitations. However, current research examining giant panda flora-associated animals is limited. This study is the first to reveal dynamic changes in the fecal flora of giant pandas in mice after transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baoxing Gan
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ning Sun
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Lai
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wan
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lianxin Li
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dong Zeng
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Kangcheng Pan
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jing Fang
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Shu
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hesong Wang
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jinge Xin
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xueqin Ni
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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36
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Couture G, Luthria DL, Chen Y, Bacalzo NP, Tareq FS, Harnly J, Phillips KM, Pehrsson PR, McKillop K, Fukagawa NK, Lebrilla CB. Multi-Glycomic Characterization of Fiber from AOAC Methods Defines the Carbohydrate Structures. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:14559-14570. [PMID: 36382383 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c06191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Dietary fiber has long been known to be an essential component of a healthy diet, and recent investigations into the gut microbiome-health paradigm have identified fiber as a prime determinant in this interaction. Further, fiber is now known to impact the gut microbiome in a structure-specific manner, conferring differential bioactivities to these specific structures. However, current analytical methods for food carbohydrate analysis do not capture this important structural information. To address this need, we utilized rapid-throughput LC-MS methods to develop a novel analytical pipeline to determine the structural composition of soluble and insoluble fiber fractions from two AOAC methods (991.43 and 2017.16) at the total monosaccharide, glycosidic linkage, and free saccharide level. Two foods were chosen for this proof-of-concept study: oats and potato starch. For oats, both AOAC methods gave similar results. Insoluble fiber was found to be comprised of linkages corresponding to β-glucan, arabinoxylan, xyloglucan, and mannan, while soluble fiber was found to be mostly β-glucan, with small amounts of arabinogalactan. For raw potato starch, each AOAC method gave markedly different results in the soluble fiber fractions. These observed differences are attributable to the resistant starch content of potato starch and the different starch digestion conditions used in each method. Together, these tools are a means to obtain the complex structures present within dietary fiber while retaining "classical" determinations such as soluble and insoluble fiber. These efforts will provide an analytical framework to connect gravimetric fiber determinations with their constituent structures to better inform gut microbiome and clinical nutrition studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garret Couture
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Devanand L Luthria
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Ye Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Nikita P Bacalzo
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Fakir S Tareq
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - James Harnly
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Katherine M Phillips
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
| | - Pamela R Pehrsson
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Kyle McKillop
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Naomi K Fukagawa
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, Maryland 20705, United States
| | - Carlito B Lebrilla
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
- Foods for Health Institute, University of California Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
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Sheikh A, Tumala B, Vickers TJ, Martin JC, Rosa BA, Sabui S, Basu S, Simoes RD, Mitreva M, Storer C, Tyksen E, Head RD, Beatty W, Said HM, Fleckenstein JM. Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli heat-labile toxin drives enteropathic changes in small intestinal epithelia. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6886. [PMID: 36371425 PMCID: PMC9653437 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34687-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) produce heat-labile (LT) and/or heat-stable (ST) enterotoxins, and commonly cause diarrhea in resource-poor regions. ETEC have been linked repeatedly to sequelae in children including enteropathy, malnutrition, and growth impairment. Although cellular actions of ETEC enterotoxins leading to diarrhea are well-established, their contributions to sequelae remain unclear. LT increases cellular cAMP to activate protein kinase A (PKA) that phosphorylates ion channels driving intestinal export of salt and water resulting in diarrhea. As PKA also modulates transcription of many genes, we interrogated transcriptional profiles of LT-treated intestinal epithelia. Here we show that LT significantly alters intestinal epithelial gene expression directing biogenesis of the brush border, the major site for nutrient absorption, suppresses transcription factors HNF4 and SMAD4 critical to enterocyte differentiation, and profoundly disrupts microvillus architecture and essential nutrient transport. In addition, ETEC-challenged neonatal mice exhibit substantial brush border derangement that is prevented by maternal vaccination with LT. Finally, mice repeatedly challenged with toxigenic ETEC exhibit impaired growth recapitulating the multiplicative impact of recurring ETEC infections in children. These findings highlight impacts of ETEC enterotoxins beyond acute diarrheal illness and may inform approaches to prevent major sequelae of these common infections including malnutrition that impact millions of children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaullah Sheikh
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Brunda Tumala
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Tim J Vickers
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - John C Martin
- The McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Bruce A Rosa
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- The McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Subrata Sabui
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology/Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
- Department of Research, VA Medical Center, Long Beach, CA, 90822, USA
| | - Supratim Basu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Rita D Simoes
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Makedonka Mitreva
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- The McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Chad Storer
- The McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Erik Tyksen
- The McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Richard D Head
- The McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Wandy Beatty
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Hamid M Said
- Departments of Medicine and Physiology/Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
- Department of Research, VA Medical Center, Long Beach, CA, 90822, USA
| | - James M Fleckenstein
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Infectious Diseases, Medicine Service, Veterans Affairs Saint Louis Health Care System, Saint Louis, MO, 63106, USA.
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Tilg H, Adolph TE, Trauner M. Gut-liver axis: Pathophysiological concepts and clinical implications. Cell Metab 2022; 34:1700-1718. [PMID: 36208625 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2022.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bidirectional crosstalk along the gut-liver axis controls gastrointestinal health and disease and exploits environmental and host mediators. Nutrients, microbial antigens, metabolites, and bile acids regulate metabolism and immune responses in the gut and liver, which reciprocally shape microbial community structure and function. Perturbation of such host-microbe interactions is observed in a variety of experimental liver diseases and is facilitated by an impaired intestinal barrier, which is fueling hepatic inflammation and disease progression. Clinical evidence describes perturbation of the gut-liver crosstalk in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, alcoholic liver disease, and primary sclerosing cholangitis. In liver cirrhosis, a common sequela of these diseases, the intestinal microbiota and microbial pathogen-associated molecular patterns constitute liver inflammation and clinical complications, such as hepatic encephalopathy. Understanding the intricate metabolic interplay between the gut and liver in health and disease opens an avenue for targeted therapies in the future, which is probed in controlled clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Tilg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Timon E Adolph
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Michael Trauner
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University, Vienna, Austria
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39
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Recent advances in targeted manipulation of the gut microbiome by prebiotics: from taxonomic composition to metabolic function. Curr Opin Food Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2022.100959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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40
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Hernández-Calderón P, Wiedemann L, Benítez-Páez A. The microbiota composition drives personalized nutrition: Gut microbes as predictive biomarkers for the success of weight loss diets. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1006747. [PMID: 36211501 PMCID: PMC9537590 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1006747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The investigation of the human gut microbiome during recent years has permitted us to understand its relevance for human health at a systemic level, making it possible to establish different functional axes (e.g., the gut-brain, gut-liver, and gut-lung axes), which support the organ-like status conferred to this microecological component of our body. The human gut microbiota is extremely variable but modifiable via diet, a fact that allows targeting of microbes through defined dietary strategies to uncover cost-effective therapies to minimize the burden of non-communicable diseases such as pandemic obesity and overweight and its metabolic comorbidities. Nevertheless, randomly controlled dietary interventions regularly exhibit low to moderate degrees of success in weight control, making their implementation difficult in clinical practice. Here, we review the predictive value of the baseline gut microbiota configurations to anticipate the success of dietary interventions aimed at weight loss, mostly based on caloric restriction regimes and oral fiber supplementation. This emergent research concept fits into precision medicine by considering different diet patterns and adopting the best one, based on the individual microbiota composition, to reach significant adiposity reduction and improve metabolic status. We review the results from this fresh perspective of investigation, taking into account studies released very recently. We also discuss some future outlooks in the field and potential pitfalls to overcome with the aim of gaining knowledge in the field and achieving breakthroughs in personalized nutrition.
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41
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Juarez VM, Montalbine AN, Singh A. Microbiome as an immune regulator in health, disease, and therapeutics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 188:114400. [PMID: 35718251 PMCID: PMC10751508 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
New discoveries in drugs and drug delivery systems are focused on identifying and delivering a pharmacologically effective agent, potentially targeting a specific molecular component. However, current drug discovery and therapeutic delivery approaches do not necessarily exploit the complex regulatory network of an indispensable microbiota that has been engineered through evolutionary processes in humans or has been altered by environmental exposure or diseases. The human microbiome, in all its complexity, plays an integral role in the maintenance of host functions such as metabolism and immunity. However, dysregulation in this intricate ecosystem has been linked with a variety of diseases, ranging from inflammatory bowel disease to cancer. Therapeutics and bacteria have an undeniable effect on each other and understanding the interplay between microbes and drugs could lead to new therapies, or to changes in how existing drugs are delivered. In addition, targeting the human microbiome using engineered therapeutics has the potential to address global health challenges. Here, we present the challenges and cutting-edge developments in microbiome-immune cell interactions and outline novel targeting strategies to advance drug discovery and therapeutics, which are defining a new era of personalized and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria M Juarez
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Alyssa N Montalbine
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Ankur Singh
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States; Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States.
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Frolova MS, Suvorova IA, Iablokov SN, Petrov SN, Rodionov DA. Genomic reconstruction of short-chain fatty acid production by the human gut microbiota. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:949563. [PMID: 36032669 PMCID: PMC9403272 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.949563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) including acetate, formate, propionate, and butyrate are the end products of dietary fiber and host glycan fermentation by the human gut microbiota (HGM). SCFAs produced in the column are of utmost importance for host physiology and health. Butyrate and propionate improve gut health and play a key role in the neuroendocrine and immune systems. Prediction of HGM metabolic potential is important for understanding the influence of diet and HGM-produced metabolites on human health. We conducted a detailed metabolic reconstruction of pathways for the synthesis of SCFAs and L- and D-lactate, as additional fermentation products, in a reference set of 2,856 bacterial genomes representing strains of >800 known HGM species. The reconstructed butyrate and propionate pathways included four and three pathway variants, respectively, that start from different metabolic precursors. Altogether, we identified 48 metabolic enzymes, including five alternative enzymes in propionate pathways, and propagated their occurrences across all studied genomes. We established genomic signatures for reconstructed pathways and classified genomes according to their simplified binary phenotypes encoding the ability (“1”) or inability (“0”) of a given organism to produce SCFAs. The resulting binary phenotypes combined into a binary phenotype matrix were used to assess the SCFA synthesis potential of HGM samples from several public metagenomic studies. We report baseline and variance for Community Phenotype Indices calculated for SCFAs production capabilities in 16S metagenomic samples of intestinal microbiota from two large national cohorts (American Gut Project, UK twins), the Hadza hunter-gatherers, and the young children cohort of infants with high-risk for type 1 diabetes. We further linked the predicted SCFA metabolic capabilities with available SCFA concentrations both for in vivo fecal samples and in vitro fermentation samples from previous studies. Finally, we analyzed differential representation of individual SCFA pathway genes across several WGS metagenomic datasets. The obtained collection of SCFA pathway genes and phenotypes enables the predictive metabolic phenotype profiling of HGM datasets and enhances the in silico methodology to study cross-feeding interactions in the gut microbiomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria S. Frolova
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Inna A. Suvorova
- A.A. Kharkevich Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Stanislav N. Iablokov
- A.A. Kharkevich Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergei N. Petrov
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry A. Rodionov
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Dmitry A. Rodionov,
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Cox TO, Lundgren P, Nath K, Thaiss CA. Metabolic control by the microbiome. Genome Med 2022; 14:80. [PMID: 35906678 PMCID: PMC9338551 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-022-01092-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction between the metabolic activities of the intestinal microbiome and its host forms an important part of health. The basis of this interaction is in part mediated by the release of microbially-derived metabolites that enter the circulation. These products of microbial metabolism thereby interface with the immune, metabolic, or nervous systems of the host to influence physiology. Here, we review the interactions between the metabolic activities of the microbiome and the systemic metabolism of the host. The concept that the endocrine system includes more than just the eukaryotic host component enables the rational design of exogenous interventions that shape human metabolism. An improved mechanistic understanding of the metabolic microbiome-host interaction may therefore pioneer actionable microbiota-based diagnostics or therapeutics that allow the control of host systemic metabolism via the microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy O Cox
- Microbiology Department, Institute for Immunology, and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Patrick Lundgren
- Microbiology Department, Institute for Immunology, and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kirti Nath
- Microbiology Department, Institute for Immunology, and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christoph A Thaiss
- Microbiology Department, Institute for Immunology, and Institute for Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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Dimensionality reduction of longitudinal ’omics data using modern tensor factorizations. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1010212. [PMID: 35839259 PMCID: PMC9328521 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Longitudinal ’omics analytical methods are extensively used in the evolving field of precision medicine, by enabling ‘big data’ recording and high-resolution interpretation of complex datasets, driven by individual variations in response to perturbations such as disease pathogenesis, medical treatment or changes in lifestyle. However, inherent technical limitations in biomedical studies often result in the generation of feature-rich and sample-limited datasets. Analyzing such data using conventional modalities often proves to be challenging since the repeated, high-dimensional measurements overload the outlook with inconsequential variations that must be filtered from the data in order to find the true, biologically relevant signal. Tensor methods for the analysis and meaningful representation of multiway data may prove useful to the biological research community by their advertised ability to tackle this challenge. In this study, we present tcam—a new unsupervised tensor factorization method for the analysis of multiway data. Building on top of cutting-edge developments in the field of tensor-tensor algebra, we characterize the unique mathematical properties of our method, namely, 1) preservation of geometric and statistical traits of the data, which enable uncovering information beyond the inter-individual variation that often takes over the focus, especially in human studies. 2) Natural and straightforward out-of-sample extension, making tcam amenable for integration in machine learning workflows. A series of re-analyses of real-world, human experimental datasets showcase these theoretical properties, while providing empirical confirmation of tcam’s utility in the analysis of longitudinal ’omics data. Tensor methods have proven useful for exploration of high-dimensional, multiway data that is produced in longitudinal ’omics studies. However, even the most recent applications of these methods to ’omics data are based on the canonical polyadic tensor-rank factorization whose results heavily depend on the choice of target rank, lack any guarantee for optimal approximation, and do not allow for out-of-sample extension in a straightforward manner. In this paper, we present a method for tensor component analysis for the analysis of longitudinal ’omics data, built on top of cutting-edge developments in the field of tensor-tensor algebra. We show that our method, in contrast to existing tensor-methods, enjoys provable optimal properties on the distortion and variance in the embedding space, enabling direct and meaningful interpretation, supporting traditional multivariate statistical analysis to be performed in the embedding space. Due to the method’s construction using tensor-tensor products, the procedure of mapping a point to the embedding space of a pre-trained factorization is simple and scalable, giving rise to the application of our method as a feature engineering step in standard machine learning workflows.
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Qi L. Nutrition for precision health: The time is now. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2022; 30:1335-1344. [PMID: 35785484 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Precision nutrition has emerged as a boiling area of nutrition research, with a particular focus on revealing the individual variability in response to diets that is determined mainly by the complex interactions of dietary factors with the multi-tiered "omics" makeups. Reproducible findings from the observational studies and diet intervention trials have lent preliminary but consistent evidence to support the fundamental role of gene-diet interactions in determining the individual variability in health outcomes including obesity and weight loss. Recent investigations suggest that the abundance and diversity of the gut microbiome may also modify the dietary effects; however, considerable instability in the results from the microbiome research has been noted. In addition, growing studies suggest that a complicated multiomics algorithm would be developed by incorporating the genome, epigenome, metabolome, proteome, and microbiome in predicting the individual variability in response to diets. Moreover, precision nutrition would also scrutinize the role of biological (circadian) rhythm in determining the individual variability of dietary effects. The evidence gathered from precision nutrition research will be the basis for constructing precision health dietary recommendations, which hold great promise to help individuals and their health care providers create precise and effective diet plans for precision health in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Qi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Han ND, Cheng J, Delannoy-Bruno O, Webber D, Terrapon N, Henrissat B, Rodionov DA, Arzamasov AA, Osterman AL, Hayashi DK, Meynier A, Vinoy S, Desai C, Marion S, Barratt MJ, Heath AC, Gordon JI. Microbial liberation of N-methylserotonin from orange fiber in gnotobiotic mice and humans. Cell 2022; 185:2495-2509.e11. [PMID: 35764090 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Plant fibers in byproduct streams produced by non-harsh food processing methods represent biorepositories of diverse, naturally occurring, and physiologically active biomolecules. To demonstrate one approach for their characterization, mass spectrometry of intestinal contents from gnotobiotic mice, plus in vitro studies, revealed liberation of N-methylserotonin from orange fibers by human gut microbiota members including Bacteroides ovatus. Functional genomic analyses of B. ovatus strains grown under permissive and non-permissive N-methylserotonin "mining" conditions revealed polysaccharide utilization loci that target pectins whose expression correlate with strain-specific liberation of this compound. N-methylserotonin, orally administered to germ-free mice, reduced adiposity, altered liver glycogenesis, shortened gut transit time, and changed expression of genes that regulate circadian rhythm in the liver and colon. In human studies, dose-dependent, orange-fiber-specific fecal accumulation of N-methylserotonin positively correlated with levels of microbiome genes encoding enzymes that digest pectic glycans. Identifying this type of microbial mining activity has potential therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan D Han
- The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jiye Cheng
- The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Omar Delannoy-Bruno
- The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Daniel Webber
- The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Nicolas Terrapon
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Bernard Henrissat
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, 13288 Marseille, France; Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine (DTU Bioengineering), Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Dmitry A Rodionov
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Aleksandr A Arzamasov
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Andrei L Osterman
- Infectious and Inflammatory Disease Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | | | | | - Chandani Desai
- The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Stacey Marion
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Michael J Barratt
- The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Andrew C Heath
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Jeffrey I Gordon
- The Edison Family Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Center for Gut Microbiome and Nutrition Research, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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Kang JW, Tang X, Walton CJ, Brown MJ, Brewer RA, Maddela RL, Zheng JJ, Agus JK, Zivkovic AM. Multi-Omic Analyses Reveal Bifidogenic Effect and Metabolomic Shifts in Healthy Human Cohort Supplemented With a Prebiotic Dietary Fiber Blend. Front Nutr 2022; 9:908534. [PMID: 35782954 PMCID: PMC9248813 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.908534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary fiber, a nutrient derived mainly from whole grains, vegetables, fruits, and legumes, is known to confer a number of health benefits, yet most Americans consume less than half of the daily recommended amount. Convenience and affordability are key factors determining the ability of individuals to incorporate fiber-rich foods into their diet, and many Americans struggle to access, afford, and prepare foods rich in fiber. The objective of this clinical study was to test the changes in microbial community composition, human metabolomics, and general health markers of a convenient, easy to use prebiotic supplement in generally healthy young participants consuming a diet low in fiber. Twenty healthy adults participated in this randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover study which was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03785860. During the study participants consumed 12 g of a prebiotic fiber supplement and 12 g of placebo daily as a powder mixed with water as part of their habitual diet in randomized order for 4 weeks, with a 4-week washout between treatment arms. Fecal microbial DNA was extracted and sequenced by shallow shotgun sequencing on an Illumina NovaSeq. Plasma metabolites were detected using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry with untargeted analysis. The phylum Actinobacteria, genus Bifidobacterium, and several Bifidobacterium species (B. bifidum, B. adolescentis, B. breve, B. catenulatum, and B. longum) significantly increased after prebiotic supplementation when compared to the placebo. The abundance of genes associated with the utilization of the prebiotic fiber ingredients (sacA, xfp, xpk) and the production of acetate (poxB, ackA) significantly changed with prebiotic supplementation. Additionally, the abundance of genes associated with the prebiotic utilization (xfp, xpk), acetate production (ackA), and choline to betaine oxidation (gbsB) were significantly correlated with changes in the abundance of the genus Bifidobacterium in the prebiotic group. Plasma concentrations of the bacterially produced metabolite indolepropionate significantly increased. The results of this study demonstrate that an easy to consume, low dose (12 g) of a prebiotic powder taken daily increases the abundance of beneficial bifidobacteria and the production of health-promoting bacteria-derived metabolites in healthy individuals with a habitual low-fiber diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jea Woo Kang
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Xinyu Tang
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | | | - Mark J. Brown
- USANA Health Sciences, Inc., Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | | | | | - Jack Jingyuan Zheng
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Joanne K. Agus
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Angela M. Zivkovic
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Angela M. Zivkovic
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48
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Effects of Wheat Bran Micronization on the Quality of Reconstituted Whole-Wheat Flour and Its Cooked Noodles. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10051001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The particle size of wheat bran plays an important role in the quality of reconstituted whole-wheat flour and its products. The effects of wheat bran particle size on the quality of reconstituted whole-wheat flour and its cooked noodles were analyzed; the mean particle size (D50) of wheat bran ranged from 26.05 to 46.08 μm. Results show that the decreases in D50 of wheat bran induced the changes in the quality of whole-wheat flour and its noodles. Specifically, the damaged starch content, water absorption, and the solvent retention capacity of sodium carbonate and sucrose of whole-wheat flour increased at various degrees, while pasting viscosity decreased, and the gluten index and SDS-sedimentation volume increased first and then decreased. The cooking yield, cooking loss, and break rate of fresh noodles decreased first and reached a trough at D50 of 26.05 μm, and then increased. The adhesiveness of cooked noodles increased, the score of smoothness, taste, appearance, and color increased to a stable value, but the hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, resilience, firmness score, and elasticity score increased first and then decreased. These turning points of changing trends of indexes mostly occurred when the D50 of wheat bran was 26.51 μm. In conclusion, whole-wheat noodles with wheat bran of D50 of 26.51 μm addition exhibit better cooking, textural, and sensory properties than those with smaller or larger wheat bran. Excessive crushing of wheat bran not only costs highly in terms of energy, but also has a negative impact on the quality of the noodles.
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An approach for evaluating the effects of dietary fiber polysaccharides on the human gut microbiome and plasma proteome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2123411119. [PMID: 35533274 PMCID: PMC9171781 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2123411119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Increases in snack consumption associated with Westernized lifestyles provide an opportunity to introduce nutritious foods into poor diets. We describe two 10-wk-long open label, single group assignment human studies that measured the effects of two snack prototypes containing fiber preparations from two sustainable and scalable sources; the byproducts remaining after isolation of protein from the endosperm of peas and the vesicular pulp remaining after processing oranges for the manufacture of juices. The normal diets of study participants were supplemented with either a pea- or orange fiber-containing snack. We focused our analysis on quantifying the abundances of genes encoding carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) (glycoside hydrolases and polysaccharide lyases) in the fecal microbiome, mass spectrometric measurements of glycan structures (glycosidic linkages) in feces, plus aptamer-based assessment of levels of 1,300 plasma proteins reflecting a broad range of physiological functions. Computational methods for feature selection identified treatment-discriminatory changes in CAZyme genes that correlated with alterations in levels of fiber-associated glycosidic linkages; these changes in turn correlated with levels of plasma proteins representing diverse biological functions, including transforming growth factor type β/bone morphogenetic protein-mediated fibrosis, vascular endothelial growth factor-related angiogenesis, P38/MAPK-associated immune cell signaling, and obesity-associated hormonal regulators. The approach used represents a way to connect changes in consumer microbiomes produced by specific fiber types with host responses in the context of varying background diets.
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50
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Singh ME, James SP, Germino GG, Rodgers GP. Achieving Health Equity Through Digestive Diseases Research and Scientific Workforce Diversity. Gastroenterology 2022; 162:1597-1601.e1. [PMID: 35007515 PMCID: PMC9038710 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2022.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Griffin P Rodgers
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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