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Hu X, Cai M, Xiao J, Wan X, Wang Z, Zhao H, Yang C. Benchmarking Mendelian randomization methods for causal inference using genome-wide association study summary statistics. Am J Hum Genet 2024; 111:1717-1735. [PMID: 39059387 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2024.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Mendelian randomization (MR), which utilizes genetic variants as instrumental variables (IVs), has gained popularity as a method for causal inference between phenotypes using genetic data. While efforts have been made to relax IV assumptions and develop new methods for causal inference in the presence of invalid IVs due to confounding, the reliability of MR methods in real-world applications remains uncertain. Instead of using simulated datasets, we conducted a benchmark study evaluating 16 two-sample summary-level MR methods using real-world genetic datasets to provide guidelines for the best practices. Our study focused on the following crucial aspects: type I error control in the presence of various confounding scenarios (e.g., population stratification, pleiotropy, and family-level confounders like assortative mating), the accuracy of causal effect estimates, replicability, and power. By comprehensively evaluating the performance of compared methods over one thousand exposure-outcome trait pairs, our study not only provides valuable insights into the performance and limitations of the compared methods but also offers practical guidance for researchers to choose appropriate MR methods for causal inference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghong Hu
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Institute of Statistical Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China; Department of Mathematics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Guangzhou HKUST Fok Ying Tung Research Institute, Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Mingxuan Cai
- Department of Biostatistics, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiashun Xiao
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Xiaomeng Wan
- Department of Mathematics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Guangzhou HKUST Fok Ying Tung Research Institute, Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- Department of Mathematics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Guangzhou HKUST Fok Ying Tung Research Institute, Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Can Yang
- Department of Mathematics, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China; Guangzhou HKUST Fok Ying Tung Research Institute, Guangzhou 511458, China; Big Data Bio-Intelligence Lab, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Kang TJ, Lee SY, Yoon S, Kim EG, Kim JO, Kim JS, Park J, Nam KH. PCSK9 inhibitors and the risk of vitiligo: a Mendelian randomization study. J Invest Dermatol 2024:S0022-202X(24)01985-7. [PMID: 39127093 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2024.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Lipid-lowering agents have been suggested as a therapeutic option for vitiligo based on the potential pathogenic role of lipid metabolism abnormalities. We aimed to explore the impact of genetically proxied lipid-lowering agents on the risk of vitiligo and potentially associated mediators. Genome-wide association study summary statistics for European ancestry were extracted from the largest available meta-analysis for vitiligo, the Global Lipids Genetics Consortium for seven lipid profiles, and two large biobanks, UKB and deCODE, for 4,719 proteins. After identifying lipid-lowering agents with genetically proxied protective effects against vitiligo using lipid-lowering and protein-inhibition Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses, multivariable and two-step MR analyses were conducted to identify potential mediators between lipid-lowering agents and vitiligo. Lipid-lowering MR indicated a potential role of PCSK9 in reducing the vitiligo risk (OR[95%CI] = 0.71[0.52-0.95]), which was replicated in PCSK9-inhibition MR analyses across two separate biobanks (UKB: OR[95%CI]=0.82[0.71-0.96]; deCODE: OR[95%CI]=0.78[0.67-0.91]). Multivariable MR suggested that well-known lipid profiles do not mediate the relationship between PCSK9 and vitiligo, while two-step MR analyses identified five potential protein mediators (CCN5, CXCL12, FCRL1, LGMN, and FGF2). Hence, PCSK9 inhibitor may attenuate the vitiligo risk; PCSK9 and the potential protein mediators can serve as promising novel therapeutic targets for its effective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Jong Kang
- Department of Dermatology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | - Jong-Seung Kim
- Department of Medical Informatics, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea; Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, South Korea; Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University, Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Jin Park
- Department of Dermatology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, South Korea; Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University, Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Hwa Nam
- Department of Dermatology, Jeonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, South Korea; Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Jeonbuk National University, Biomedical Research Institute of Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, South Korea.
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Huang J, Kleman N, Basu S, Shriver MD, Zaidi AA. Interpreting SNP heritability in admixed populations. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.08.04.551959. [PMID: 37577588 PMCID: PMC10418213 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.04.551959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
SNP heritability is defined as the proportion of phenotypic variance explained by genotyped SNPs and is believed to be a lower bound of heritability ( h 2 ), being equal to it if all causal variants are known. Despite the simple intuition behind , its interpretation and equivalence to h 2 is unclear, particularly in the presence of population structure and assortative mating. It is well known that population structure can lead to inflation in estimates because of confounding due to linkage disequilibrium (LD) or shared environment. Here we use analytical theory and simulations to demonstrate that estimates can be biased in admixed populations, even in the absence of confounding and even if all causal variants are known. This is because admixture generates LD, which contributes to the genetic variance, and therefore to heritability. Genome-wide restricted maximum likelihood (GREML) does not capture this contribution leading to under-or over-estimates of relative to h 2 , depending on the genetic architecture. In contrast, Haseman-Elston (HE) regression exaggerates the LD contribution leading to biases in the opposite direction. For the same reason, GREML and HE estimates of local ancestry heritability are also biased. We describe this bias in and as a function of admixture history and the genetic architecture of the trait and show that it can be recovered under some conditions. We clarify the interpretation of in admixed populations and discuss its implication for genome-wide association studies and polygenic prediction.
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Niu Q, Zhang T, Mao R, Zhao N, Deng S. Genetic association of lipid and lipid-lowering drug target genes with atopic dermatitis: a drug target Mendelian randomization study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18097. [PMID: 39103489 PMCID: PMC11300444 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69180-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Observational studies suggest dyslipidemia as an atopic dermatitis (AD) risk factor and posit that lipid-lowering drugs may influence AD risk, but the causal link remains elusive. Mendelian randomization was applied to elucidate the causal role of serum lipids in AD and assess the therapeutic potential of lipid-lowering drug targets. Genetic variants related to serum lipid traits and lipid-lowering drug targets were sourced from the Global Lipid Genetics Consortium GWAS data. Comprehensive AD data were collated from the UK Biobank, FinnGen, and Biobank Japan. Colocalization, Summary-data-based Mendelian Randomization (SMR), and mediation analyses were utilized to validate the results and pinpoint potential mediators. Among assessed targets, only Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 (PCSK9) was significantly linked to a reduced AD risk, corroborated across three separate AD cohorts. No association between serum lipid concentrations or other lipid-lowering drug targets and diminished AD risk was observed. Mediation analysis revealed that beta nerve growth factor (b-NGF) might mediate approximately 12.8% of PCSK9's influence on AD susceptibility. Our findings refute dyslipidemia's role in AD pathogenesis. Among explored lipid-lowering drug targets, PCSK9 stands out as a promising therapeutic agent for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinwang Niu
- Sichuan Polytechnic University, Deyang, 618000, Sichuan, China
| | - Tongtong Zhang
- Medical Research Center, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Second Chengdu Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, China
| | - Rui Mao
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
| | - Nana Zhao
- Medical Research Center, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Second Chengdu Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Chengdu, 610031, Sichuan, China
| | - Sui Deng
- Changde Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University (The First People's Hospital of Changde City), Changde, China.
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Zheng L, Zhang C, Bu S, Guo W, Li T, Xu Y, Liu Y, Yuan C, Feng C, Zong G, Zhu J, Xing M, Geng X. The Causal Effect of Serum Lipid Levels Mediated by Neuregulin 4 on the Risk of Four Atherosclerosis Subtypes: Evidence from Mendelian Randomization Analysis. Vasc Health Risk Manag 2024; 20:351-357. [PMID: 39104661 PMCID: PMC11299727 DOI: 10.2147/vhrm.s459075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Neuregulin 4 (NRG4) was known to be associated with serum lipid levels and atherosclerosis. However, it is unknown whether the role of NRG4 in lipid homeostasis is causal to atherosclerosis and whether the effect is beneficial across different atherosclerosis subtypes. Methods We investigated the causal role of the levels of serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides regulated by NRG4 in subtypes of atherosclerosis through two sample Mendelian randomization. Aggregated genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary data for serum lipid level of 1.32 million individuals with European ancestry were obtained from the Global Lipids Genetics Consortium. GWAS summary data for four atherosclerosis subtypes (peripheral, coronary, cerebral and the other atherosclerosis) were obtained from FinnGen Consortium. Generalized inverse-variance-weighted Mendelian randomization and several sensitivity analyses were used to obtain the causal estimates. Results A 1-SD genetically elevated LDL-C level mediated by NRG4 was validated to be nominally associated with the risk of peripheral atherosclerosis (log (odds ratio)= 4.14, 95% confidence interval 0.11 to 8.17, P = 0.04), and the other associations were not significant or could not be validated by sensitivity analyses. Conclusion LDL-C lowering mediated by NRG4 is likely to prevent peripheral atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longyi Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengjing Zhang
- Department of Nutrition, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shichang Bu
- Department of Endocrinology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wencheng Guo
- Department of General Surgery and Vascular Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tongtong Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Xu
- National Center for Liver Cancer, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Caimei Yuan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengwu Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Geng Zong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingwen Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Maoying Xing
- National Center for Liver Cancer, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Geng
- National Center for Liver Cancer, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
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Lee M, Park T, Shin JY, Park M. A comprehensive multi-task deep learning approach for predicting metabolic syndrome with genetic, nutritional, and clinical data. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17851. [PMID: 39090161 PMCID: PMC11294629 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-68541-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex disorder characterized by a cluster of metabolic abnormalities, including abdominal obesity, hypertension, elevated triglycerides, reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and impaired glucose tolerance. It poses a significant public health concern, as individuals with MetS are at an increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. Early and accurate identification of individuals at risk for MetS is essential. Various machine learning approaches have been employed to predict MetS, such as logistic regression, support vector machines, and several boosting techniques. However, these methods use MetS as a binary status and do not consider that MetS comprises five components. Therefore, a method that focuses on these characteristics of MetS is needed. In this study, we propose a multi-task deep learning model designed to predict MetS and its five components simultaneously. The benefit of multi-task learning is that it can manage multiple tasks with a single model, and learning related tasks may enhance the model's predictive performance. To assess the efficacy of our proposed method, we compared its performance with that of several single-task approaches, including logistic regression, support vector machine, CatBoost, LightGBM, XGBoost and one-dimensional convolutional neural network. For the construction of our multi-task deep learning model, we utilized data from the Korean Association Resource (KARE) project, which includes 352,228 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 7729 individuals. We also considered lifestyle, dietary, and socio-economic factors that affect chronic diseases, in addition to genomic data. By evaluating metrics such as accuracy, precision, F1-score, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, we demonstrate that our multi-task learning model surpasses traditional single-task machine learning models in predicting MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhyuk Lee
- Department of Statistics, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Taesung Park
- Department of Statistics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yeon Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mira Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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Theusch E, Ting FY, Qin Y, Stevens K, Naidoo D, King SM, Yang NV, Orr J, Han BY, Cyster JG, Chen YDI, Rotter JI, Krauss RM, Medina MW. Participant-derived cell line transcriptomic analyses and mouse studies reveal a role for ZNF335 in plasma cholesterol statin response. Genome Med 2024; 16:93. [PMID: 39061094 PMCID: PMC11282643 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-024-01366-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Statins lower circulating low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) levels and reduce cardiovascular disease risk. Though highly efficacious in general, there is considerable inter-individual variation in statin efficacy that remains largely unexplained. METHODS To identify novel genes that may modulate statin-induced LDLC lowering, we used RNA-sequencing data from 426 control- and 2 µM simvastatin-treated lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) derived from European and African American ancestry participants of the Cholesterol and Pharmacogenetics (CAP) 40 mg/day 6-week simvastatin clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00451828). We correlated statin-induced changes in LCL gene expression with plasma LDLC statin response in the corresponding CAP participants. For the most correlated gene identified (ZNF335), we followed up in vivo by comparing plasma cholesterol levels, lipoprotein profiles, and lipid statin response between wild-type mice and carriers of a hypomorphic (partial loss of function) missense mutation in Zfp335 (the mouse homolog of ZNF335). RESULTS The statin-induced expression changes of 147 human LCL genes were significantly correlated to the plasma LDLC statin responses of the corresponding CAP participants in vivo (FDR = 5%). The two genes with the strongest correlations were zinc finger protein 335 (ZNF335 aka NIF-1, rho = 0.237, FDR-adj p = 0.0085) and CCR4-NOT transcription complex subunit 3 (CNOT3, rho = 0.233, FDR-adj p = 0.0085). Chow-fed mice carrying a hypomorphic missense (R1092W; aka bloto) mutation in Zfp335 had significantly lower non-HDL cholesterol levels than wild-type C57BL/6J mice in a sex combined model (p = 0.04). Furthermore, male (but not female) mice carrying the Zfp335R1092W allele had significantly lower total and HDL cholesterol levels than wild-type mice. In a separate experiment, wild-type mice fed a control diet for 4 weeks and a matched simvastatin diet for an additional 4 weeks had significant statin-induced reductions in non-HDLC (-43 ± 18% and -23 ± 19% for males and females, respectively). Wild-type male (but not female) mice experienced significant reductions in plasma LDL particle concentrations, while male mice carrying Zfp335R1092W allele(s) exhibited a significantly blunted LDL statin response. CONCLUSIONS Our in vitro and in vivo studies identified ZNF335 as a novel modulator of plasma cholesterol levels and statin response, suggesting that variation in ZNF335 activity could contribute to inter-individual differences in statin clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Theusch
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, Oakland, CA, USA.
| | - Flora Y Ting
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Yuanyuan Qin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Kristen Stevens
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Devesh Naidoo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Sarah M King
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Neil V Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Joseph Orr
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Brenda Y Han
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jason G Cyster
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yii-Der I Chen
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Ronald M Krauss
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, Oakland, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Marisa W Medina
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, Oakland, CA, USA.
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Leite JMRS, Pereira JL, Alves de Souza C, Pavan Soler JM, Mingroni-Netto RC, Fisberg RM, Rogero MM, Sarti FM. Novel loci linked to serum lipid traits are identified in a genome-wide association study of a highly admixed Brazilian population - the 2015 ISA Nutrition. Lipids Health Dis 2024; 23:229. [PMID: 39060932 PMCID: PMC11282745 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-024-02085-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) comprise major causes of death worldwide, leading to extensive burden on populations and societies. Alterations in normal lipid profiles, i.e., dyslipidemia, comprise important risk factors for CVDs. However, there is lack of comprehensive evidence on the genetic contribution to dyslipidemia in highly admixed populations. The identification of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) linked to blood lipid traits in the Brazilian population was based on genome-wide associations using data from the São Paulo Health Survey with Focus on Nutrition (ISA-Nutrition). METHODS A total of 667 unrelated individuals had genetic information on 330,656 SNPs available, and were genotyped with Axiom™ 2.0 Precision Medicine Research Array. Genetic associations were tested at the 10- 5 significance level for the following phenotypes: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-c), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), HDL-c/LDL-c ratio, triglycerides (TGL), total cholesterol, and non-HDL-c. RESULTS There were 19 significantly different SNPs associated with lipid traits, the majority of which corresponding to intron variants, especially in the genes FAM81A, ZFHX3, PTPRD, and POMC. Three variants (rs1562012, rs16972039, and rs73401081) and two variants (rs8025871 and rs2161683) were associated with two and three phenotypes, respectively. Among the subtypes, non-HDL-c had the highest proportion of associated variants. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present genome-wide association study offer new insights into the genetic structure underlying lipid traits in underrepresented populations with high ancestry admixture. The associations were robust across multiple lipid phenotypes, and some of the phenotypes were associated with two or three variants. In addition, some variants were present in genes that encode ncRNAs, raising important questions regarding their role in lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Júlia M Pavan Soler
- Institute of Mathematics and Statistics, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Regina M Fisberg
- School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo M Rogero
- School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flavia M Sarti
- School of Arts, Sciences and Humanities, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Aherrahrou N, Tairi H, Aherrahrou Z. Genomic privacy preservation in genome-wide association studies: taxonomy, limitations, challenges, and vision. Brief Bioinform 2024; 25:bbae356. [PMID: 39073827 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbae356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) serve as a crucial tool for identifying genetic factors associated with specific traits. However, ethical constraints prevent the direct exchange of genetic information, prompting the need for privacy preservation solutions. To address these issues, earlier works are based on cryptographic mechanisms such as homomorphic encryption, secure multi-party computing, and differential privacy. Very recently, federated learning has emerged as a promising solution for enabling secure and collaborative GWAS computations. This work provides an extensive overview of existing methods for GWAS privacy preserving, with the main focus on collaborative and distributed approaches. This survey provides a comprehensive analysis of the challenges faced by existing methods, their limitations, and insights into designing efficient solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noura Aherrahrou
- LISAC, Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, B.P. 1796 - Atlas, 30003, Fez, Morocco
| | - Hamid Tairi
- LISAC, Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, University Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, B.P. 1796 - Atlas, 30003, Fez, Morocco
| | - Zouhair Aherrahrou
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, Universität zu Lübeck, D-23562 Lübeck, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Germany
- University Heart Centre Lübeck, D-23562 Lübeck, Germany
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10
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Oh S, Mandell MA. Regulation of Mitochondria-Derived Immune Activation by 'Antiviral' TRIM Proteins. Viruses 2024; 16:1161. [PMID: 39066323 PMCID: PMC11281404 DOI: 10.3390/v16071161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are key orchestrators of antiviral responses that serve as platforms for the assembly and activation of innate immune-signaling complexes. In response to viral infection, mitochondria can be triggered to release immune-stimulatory molecules that can boost interferon production. These same molecules can be released by damaged mitochondria to induce pathogenic, antiviral-like immune responses in the absence of infection. This review explores how members of the tripartite motif-containing (TRIM) protein family, which are recognized for their roles in antiviral defense, regulate mitochondria-based innate immune activation. In antiviral defense, TRIMs are essential components of immune signal transduction pathways and function as directly acting viral restriction factors. TRIMs carry out conceptually similar activities when controlling immune activation related to mitochondria. First, they modulate immune-signaling pathways that can be activated by mitochondrial molecules. Second, they co-ordinate the direct removal of mitochondria and associated immune-activating factors through mitophagy. These insights broaden the scope of TRIM actions in innate immunity and may implicate TRIMs in diseases associated with mitochondria-derived inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seeun Oh
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA;
| | - Michael A. Mandell
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA;
- Autophagy, Inflammation and Metabolism Center of Biomedical Research Excellence, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
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11
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Sullivan PF, Yao S, Hjerling-Leffler J. Schizophrenia genomics: genetic complexity and functional insights. Nat Rev Neurosci 2024:10.1038/s41583-024-00837-7. [PMID: 39030273 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-024-00837-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Determining the causes of schizophrenia has been a notoriously intractable problem, resistant to a multitude of investigative approaches over centuries. In recent decades, genomic studies have delivered hundreds of robust findings that implicate nearly 300 common genetic variants (via genome-wide association studies) and more than 20 rare variants (via whole-exome sequencing and copy number variant studies) as risk factors for schizophrenia. In parallel, functional genomic and neurobiological studies have provided exceptionally detailed information about the cellular composition of the brain and its interconnections in neurotypical individuals and, increasingly, in those with schizophrenia. Taken together, these results suggest unexpected complexity in the mechanisms that drive schizophrenia, pointing to the involvement of ensembles of genes (polygenicity) rather than single-gene causation. In this Review, we describe what we now know about the genetics of schizophrenia and consider the neurobiological implications of this information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick F Sullivan
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Shuyang Yao
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jens Hjerling-Leffler
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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12
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Lorincz-Comi N, Yang Y, Li G, Zhu X. MRBEE: A bias-corrected multivariable Mendelian randomization method. HGG ADVANCES 2024; 5:100290. [PMID: 38582968 PMCID: PMC11053334 DOI: 10.1016/j.xhgg.2024.100290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Mendelian randomization (MR) is an instrumental variable approach used to infer causal relationships between exposures and outcomes, which is becoming increasingly popular because of its ability to handle summary statistics from genome-wide association studies. However, existing MR approaches often suffer the bias from weak instrumental variables, horizontal pleiotropy and sample overlap. We introduce MRBEE (MR using bias-corrected estimating equation), a multivariable MR method capable of simultaneously removing weak instrument and sample overlap bias and identifying horizontal pleiotropy. Our extensive simulations and real data analyses reveal that MRBEE provides nearly unbiased estimates of causal effects, well-controlled type I error rates and higher power than comparably robust methods and is computationally efficient. Our real data analyses result in consistent causal effect estimates and offer valuable guidance for conducting multivariable MR studies, elucidating the roles of pleiotropy, and identifying total 42 horizontal pleiotropic loci missed previously that are associated with myopia, schizophrenia, and coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Lorincz-Comi
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Yihe Yang
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Gen Li
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Zhu
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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13
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Chen YC, Liaw YC, Nfor ON, Hsiao CH, Zhong JH, Wu SL, Liaw YP. Epigenetic associations of GPNMB rs199347 variant with alcohol consumption in Parkinson's disease. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1377403. [PMID: 39091454 PMCID: PMC11293056 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1377403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Alcohol consumption can induce a neuroinflammatory response and contribute to the progression of neurodegeneration. However, its association with Parkinson's disease (PD), the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, remains undetermined. Recent studies suggest that the glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB) is a potential biomarker for PD. We evaluated the association of rs199347, a variant of the GPNMB gene, with alcohol consumption and methylation upstream of GPNMB. Methods We retrieved genetic and DNA methylation data obtained from participants enrolled in the Taiwan Biobank (TWB) between 2008 and 2016. After excluding individuals with incomplete or missing information about potential PD risk factors, we included 1,357 participants in our final analyses. We used multiple linear regression to assess the association of GPNMB rs199347 and chronic alcohol consumption (and other potential risk factors) with GPNMB cg17274742 methylation. Results There was no difference between the distribution of GPNMB rs199347 genotypes between chronic alcohol consumers and the other study participants. A significant interaction was observed between the GPNMB rs199347 variant and alcohol consumption (p = 0.0102) concerning cg17274742 methylation. Compared to non-chronic alcohol consumers with the AA genotype, alcohol drinkers with the rs199347 GG genotype had significantly lower levels (hypomethylation) of cg17274742 (p = 0.0187). Conclusion Alcohol consumption among individuals with the rs199347 GG genotype was associated with lower levels of cg17274742 methylation, which could increase expression of the GPNMB gene, an important neuroinflammatory-related risk gene for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Chung Chen
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chia Liaw
- Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Oswald Ndi Nfor
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsuan Hsiao
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ji-Han Zhong
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shey-Lin Wu
- Department of Neurology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Po Liaw
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Imaging, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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14
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Yang G, Mason AM, Gill D, Schooling CM, Burgess S. Multi-biobank Mendelian randomization analyses identify opposing pathways in plasma low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol lowering and gallstone disease. Eur J Epidemiol 2024:10.1007/s10654-024-01141-5. [PMID: 39009924 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-024-01141-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol is positively associated with coronary artery disease risk while biliary cholesterol promotes gallstone formation. Different plasma LDL-cholesterol lowering pathways may have distinct effects on biliary cholesterol and thereby gallstone disease risk. We conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) study using data from the UK Biobank (30,547 gallstone disease cases/336,742 controls), FinnGen (34,461 cases/301,383 controls) and Biobank Japan (9,305 cases/168,253 controls). We first performed drug-target MR analyses substantiated by colocalization to investigate the effects of plasma LDL-cholesterol lowering therapies on gallstone disease risk. We then performed clustered MR analyses and pathway analyses to identify distinct mechanisms underlying the association of plasma LDL-cholesterol with gallstone disease risk. For a 1-standard deviation reduction in plasma LDL-cholesterol, genetic mimics of statins were associated with lower gallstone disease risk (odds ratio 0.72 [95% confidence interval 0.62, 0.83]), but genetic mimics of PCSK9 inhibitors and targeting apolipoprotein B were associated with higher risk (1.11 [1.03, 1.19] and 1.23 [1.13, 1.35]). The association for statins was supported by colocalization (posterior probability 98.7%). Clustered MR analyses identified variant clusters showing opposing associations of plasma LDL-cholesterol with gallstone disease risk, with some evidence for ancestry-and sex-specific associations. Among variants lowering plasma LDL-cholesterol, those associated with lower gallstone disease risk were mapped to glycosphingolipid biosynthesis pathway, while those associated with higher risk were mapped to pathways relating to plasma lipoprotein assembly, remodelling, and clearance and ATP-binding cassette transporters. This MR study provides genetic evidence that different plasma LDL-cholesterol lowering pathways have opposing effects on gallstone disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoyi Yang
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Amy M Mason
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Victor Phillip Dahdaleh Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dipender Gill
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - C Mary Schooling
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Stephen Burgess
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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15
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Sun Y, McDonald T, Baur A, Xu H, Bateman NB, Shen Y, Li C, Ye K. Fish oil supplementation modifies the associations between genetically predicted and observed concentrations of blood lipids: a cross-sectional gene-diet interaction study in UK Biobank. Am J Clin Nutr 2024:S0002-9165(24)00605-1. [PMID: 39019260 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dyslipidemia is a well-known risk factor for cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Although habitual intake of fish oil is associated with cardioprotective effects through triglyceride reduction, the interactions of fish oil with the genetic predisposition to dysregulated lipids remain elusive. OBJECTIVES We examined whether fish oil supplementation modifies the association between genetically predicted and observed concentrations of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and triglycerides. METHODS A total of 441,985 participants with complete genetic and phenotypic data from the UK Biobank were included. Polygenic scores (PGS) of the 4 lipids were calculated in participants of diverse ancestries. For each lipid, multivariable linear regression models were used to assess if fish oil supplementation modified the association between PGS and the observed circulating concentration, with adjustment for relevant covariates. RESULTS Fish oil supplementation attenuates the associations between genetically predicted and observed circulating concentrations of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides while accentuating the corresponding association for HDL cholesterol among 424,090 participants of European ancestry. Consistent significant findings were obtained using PGS calculated based on multiple genome-wide association studies or alternative PGS methods. For triglycerides, each standard deviation (SD) increment in PGS is associated with 0.254 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.248, 0.259] SD increase in the observed concentration among European-ancestry participants who reported fish oil usage. In contrast, a stronger association was observed in nonusers (0.267; 95% CI: 0.263, 0.270). Consistently, we showed that fish oil significantly attenuates the association between genetically predicted and observed concentrations of triglycerides in African-ancestry participants. CONCLUSIONS Fish oil supplementation attenuates the association between genetically predicted and observed circulating concentrations of total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides while accentuating the corresponding association for HDL cholesterol in individuals of European ancestry. Further research is needed to understand the clinical implications of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitang Sun
- Department of Genetics, Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Tryggvi McDonald
- Department of Genetics, Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Abigail Baur
- Department of Genetics, Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Huifang Xu
- Department of Genetics, Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Naveen Brahman Bateman
- Department of Genetics, Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Ye Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Changwei Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Kaixiong Ye
- Department of Genetics, Franklin College of Arts and Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States; Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.
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16
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Mandla R, Lorenz K, Yin X, Bocher O, Huerta-Chagoya A, Arruda AL, Piron A, Horn S, Suzuki K, Hatzikotoulas K, Southam L, Taylor H, Yang K, Hrovatin K, Tong Y, Lytrivi M, Rayner NW, Meigs JB, McCarthy MI, Mahajan A, Udler MS, Spracklen CN, Boehnke M, Vujkovic M, Rotter JI, Eizirik DL, Cnop M, Lickert H, Morris AP, Zeggini E, Voight BF, Mercader JM. Multi-omics characterization of type 2 diabetes associated genetic variation. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.07.15.24310282. [PMID: 39072045 PMCID: PMC11275663 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.15.24310282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Discerning the mechanisms driving type 2 diabetes (T2D) pathophysiology from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) remains a challenge. To this end, we integrated omics information from 16 multi-tissue and multi-ancestry expression, protein, and metabolite quantitative trait loci (QTL) studies and 46 multi-ancestry GWAS for T2D-related traits with the largest, most ancestrally diverse T2D GWAS to date. Of the 1,289 T2D GWAS index variants, 716 (56%) demonstrated strong evidence of colocalization with a molecular or T2D-related trait, implicating 657 cis-effector genes, 1,691 distal-effector genes, 731 metabolites, and 43 T2D-related traits. We identified 773 of these cis- and distal-effector genes using either expression QTL data from understudied ancestry groups or inclusion of T2D index variants enriched in underrepresented populations, emphasizing the value of increasing population diversity in functional mapping. Linking these variants, genes, metabolites, and traits into a network, we elucidated mechanisms through which T2D-associated variation may impact disease risk. Finally, we showed that drugs targeting effector proteins were enriched in those approved to treat T2D, highlighting the potential of these results to prioritize drug targets for T2D. These results represent a leap in the molecular characterization of T2D-associated genetic variation and will aid in translating genetic findings into novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Mandla
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Diabetes Unit, Endocrine Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kim Lorenz
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania - Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia PA
| | - Xianyong Yin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ozvan Bocher
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Alicia Huerta-Chagoya
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ana Luiza Arruda
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Graduate School of Experimental Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anthony Piron
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Interuniversity Institute of Bioinformatics in Brussels (IB2), Brussels, Belgium
- Machine Learning Group, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Susanne Horn
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ken Suzuki
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Konstantinos Hatzikotoulas
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Lorraine Southam
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Henry Taylor
- Center for Precision Health Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- British Heart Foundation Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Heart and Lung Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kaiyuan Yang
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research (IDR), Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Karin Hrovatin
- Institute of Computational Biology (ICB), Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Yue Tong
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maria Lytrivi
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Hospital, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nigel W. Rayner
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - James B. Meigs
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark I. McCarthy
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Anubha Mahajan
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Miriam S. Udler
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Diabetes Unit, Endocrine Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cassandra N. Spracklen
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Michael Boehnke
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Marijana Vujkovic
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jerome I. Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Decio L. Eizirik
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Miriam Cnop
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Hospital, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
| | - Heiko Lickert
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research (IDR), Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrew P. Morris
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Eleftheria Zeggini
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich and Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Benjamin F. Voight
- Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Systems Pharmacology and Translational Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pennsylvania - Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia PA
| | - Josep M. Mercader
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Diabetes Unit, Endocrine Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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17
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Eichelmann F, Prada M, Sellem L, Jackson KG, Salas Salvadó J, Razquin Burillo C, Estruch R, Friedén M, Rosqvist F, Risérus U, Rexrode KM, Guasch-Ferré M, Sun Q, Willett WC, Martinez-Gonzalez MA, Lovegrove JA, Hu FB, Schulze MB, Wittenbecher C. Lipidome changes due to improved dietary fat quality inform cardiometabolic risk reduction and precision nutrition. Nat Med 2024:10.1038/s41591-024-03124-1. [PMID: 38992128 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-024-03124-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Current cardiometabolic disease prevention guidelines recommend increasing dietary unsaturated fat intake while reducing saturated fats. Here we use lipidomics data from a randomized controlled dietary intervention trial to construct a multilipid score (MLS), summarizing the effects of replacing saturated fat with unsaturated fat on 45 lipid metabolite concentrations. In the EPIC-Potsdam cohort, a difference in the MLS, reflecting better dietary fat quality, was associated with a significant reduction in the incidence of cardiovascular disease (-32%; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): -21% to -42%) and type 2 diabetes (-26%; 95% CI: -15% to -35%). We built a closely correlated simplified score, reduced MLS (rMLS), and observed that beneficial rMLS changes, suggesting improved dietary fat quality over 10 years, were associated with lower diabetes risk (odds ratio per standard deviation of 0.76; 95% CI: 0.59 to 0.98) in the Nurses' Health Study. Furthermore, in the PREDIMED trial, an olive oil-rich Mediterranean diet intervention primarily reduced diabetes incidence among participants with unfavorable preintervention rMLS levels, suggestive of disturbed lipid metabolism before intervention. Our findings indicate that the effects of dietary fat quality on the lipidome can contribute to a more precise understanding and possible prediction of the health outcomes of specific dietary fat modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Eichelmann
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Marcela Prada
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Laury Sellem
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research and Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, Reading, UK
| | - Kim G Jackson
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research and Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, Reading, UK
| | - Jordi Salas Salvadó
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Razquin Burillo
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, IdiSNA (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ramon Estruch
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michael Friedén
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Frederik Rosqvist
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ulf Risérus
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kathryn M Rexrode
- Division of Women's Health, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marta Guasch-Ferré
- Department of Public Health and Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Qi Sun
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Walter C Willett
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Miguel Angel Martinez-Gonzalez
- Consorcio CIBER, M.P. Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, IdiSNA (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julie A Lovegrove
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research and Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, Reading, UK
| | - Frank B Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthias B Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Clemens Wittenbecher
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany.
- Department of Life Sciences, SciLifeLab, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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18
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Gilliland T, Dron JS, Selvaraj MS, Trinder M, Paruchuri K, Urbut SM, Haidermota S, Bernardo R, Uddin MM, Honigberg MC, Peloso GM, Natarajan P. Genetic Architecture and Clinical Outcomes of Combined Lipid Disturbances. Circ Res 2024; 135:265-276. [PMID: 38828614 PMCID: PMC11223949 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.123.323973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dyslipoproteinemia often involves simultaneous derangements of multiple lipid traits. We aimed to evaluate the phenotypic and genetic characteristics of combined lipid disturbances in a general population-based cohort. METHODS Among UK Biobank participants without prevalent coronary artery disease, we used blood lipid and apolipoprotein B concentrations to ascribe individuals into 1 of 6 reproducible and mutually exclusive dyslipoproteinemia subtypes. Incident coronary artery disease risk was estimated for each subtype using Cox proportional hazards models. Phenome-wide analyses and genome-wide association studies were performed for each subtype, followed by in silico causal gene prioritization and heritability analyses. Additionally, the prevalence of disruptive variants in causal genes for Mendelian lipid disorders was assessed using whole-exome sequence data. RESULTS Among 450 636 UK Biobank participants: 63 (0.01%) had chylomicronemia; 40 005 (8.9%) had hypercholesterolemia; 94 785 (21.0%) had combined hyperlipidemia; 13 998 (3.1%) had remnant hypercholesterolemia; 110 389 (24.5%) had hypertriglyceridemia; and 49 (0.01%) had mixed hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia. Over a median (interquartile range) follow-up of 11.1 (10.4-11.8) years, incident coronary artery disease risk varied across subtypes, with combined hyperlipidemia exhibiting the largest hazard (hazard ratio, 1.92 [95% CI, 1.84-2.01]; P=2×10-16), even when accounting for non-HDL-C (hazard ratio, 1.45 [95% CI, 1.30-1.60]; P=2.6×10-12). Genome-wide association studies revealed 250 loci significantly associated with dyslipoproteinemia subtypes, of which 72 (28.8%) were not detected in prior single lipid trait genome-wide association studies. Mendelian lipid variant carriers were rare (2.0%) among individuals with dyslipoproteinemia, but polygenic heritability was high, ranging from 23% for remnant hypercholesterolemia to 54% for combined hyperlipidemia. CONCLUSIONS Simultaneous assessment of multiple lipid derangements revealed nuanced differences in coronary artery disease risk and genetic architectures across dyslipoproteinemia subtypes. These findings highlight the importance of looking beyond single lipid traits to better understand combined lipid and lipoprotein phenotypes and implications for disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Gilliland
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics and the Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jacqueline S. Dron
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics and the Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Margaret Sunitha Selvaraj
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics and the Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Mark Trinder
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics and the Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC
| | - Kaavya Paruchuri
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics and the Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Sarah M. Urbut
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics and the Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Sara Haidermota
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics and the Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA
| | - Rachel Bernardo
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics and the Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA
| | - Md Mesbah Uddin
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics and the Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA
| | - Michael C. Honigberg
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics and the Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Gina M. Peloso
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Pradeep Natarajan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics and the Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
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19
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Wang Z, Zhan C, Liao L, Luo Y, Lin S, Yan S. Bidirectional causality between the levels of blood lipids and endometriosis: a two-sample mendelian randomization study. BMC Womens Health 2024; 24:387. [PMID: 38965508 PMCID: PMC11223312 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-024-03213-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational studies have found a correlation between the levels of blood lipids and the development and progression of endometriosis (EM). However, the causality and direction of this correlation is unclear. This study aimed to examine the bidirectional connection between lipid profiles and the risk of EM using publicly available genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics. METHODS Eligible exposure variables such as levels of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were selected using a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis method following a series of quality control procedures. Data on EM were obtained from the publicly available Finnish database of European patients. Inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR Egger, weighted median, and weighted mode methods were used to analyze the causal relationship between lipid exposure and EM, exclude confounders, perform sensitivity analyses, and assess the stability of the results. Reverse MR analyses were performed with EM as exposure and lipid results as study outcomes. RESULTS IVW analysis results identified HDL as a protective factor for EM, while TG was shown to be a risk factor for EM. Subgroup analyses based on the site of the EM lesion identified HDL as a protective factor for EM of the uterus, while TG was identified a risk factor for the EM of the fallopian tube, ovary, and pelvic peritoneum. Reverse analysis did not reveal any effect of EM on the levels of lipids. CONCLUSION Blood lipids, such as HDL and TG, may play an important role in the development and progression of EM. However, EM does not lead to dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenna Wang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics , Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, No.18, Daoshan Road, Gulou District, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, China
| | - Chunxian Zhan
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics , Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, No.18, Daoshan Road, Gulou District, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, China
| | - Linghua Liao
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics , Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, No.18, Daoshan Road, Gulou District, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, China
| | - Ye Luo
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics , Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, No.18, Daoshan Road, Gulou District, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, China
| | - Shunhe Lin
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics , Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, No.18, Daoshan Road, Gulou District, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, China.
| | - Shihan Yan
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics , Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics & Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, No.18, Daoshan Road, Gulou District, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, China
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20
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Malinowski D, Safranow K, Pawlik A. PON1 rs662, rs854560 and TRIB1 rs17321515, rs2954029 Gene Polymorphisms Are Associated with Lipid Parameters in Patients with Unstable Angina. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:871. [PMID: 39062650 PMCID: PMC11275408 DOI: 10.3390/genes15070871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute coronary heart disease (CHD) is mainly caused by the rupture of an unstable atherosclerotic plaque. Many different factors can cause stenosis or even occlusion of the coronary artery lumen, such as vasculitis and platelet aggregation. Our study was performed to assess the association between PON1 rs662, rs854560 and TRIB1 rs17321515, rs2954029 polymorphisms and the risk of CHD, as well as the association between studied polymorphisms and selected clinical parameters affecting the risk of developing ischemic heart disease. A total of 232 patients with unstable angina were enrolled in this study. There were no statistically significant differences in the PON1 rs662, rs854560 and TRIB1 rs17321515, rs2954029 polymorphism distributions between the total study and control groups. Total cholesterol plasma levels were significantly higher in patients with the PON1 rs662 TT genotype compared to those with the CC+TC genotypes, as well as in patients with the PON1 rs854560 TT genotype compared to those with the AA+AT genotypes. LDL plasma levels were significantly increased in patients with the PON1 rs854560 TT genotype compared to those with the AA+AT genotypes. Plasma levels of HDL were significantly decreased in patients with the TRIB1 rs17321515 AA+AG genotypes compared to those with the GG genotype, as well as in patients with the TRIB1 rs2954029 AA+AT genotypes compared to those with the TT genotype. Our results suggest that the analysed polymorphisms are not risk factors for unstable angina in the Polish population. However, the results of this study indicate an association between the PON1 rs662, rs854560 and TRIB1 rs17321515, rs2954029 polymorphisms with lipid parameters in patients with coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Malinowski
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Krzysztof Safranow
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland;
| | - Andrzej Pawlik
- Department of Physiology, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
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21
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Hong P, Han L, Wan Y. Mendelian randomization study of lipid metabolism characteristics and migraine risk. Eur J Pain 2024; 28:978-986. [PMID: 38183343 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.2235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between serum lipids and migraine is controversial. However, randomized controlled trials have suggested that statins may be efficacious for the prevention of migraine. In this study, we aim to investigate the relationship between lipids metabolism and migraine risk. METHODS Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), relating to the serum lipid traits and the effect of lipid-lowering drugs that target APOB, CETP, HMGCR, NPC1L1, and PCSK9, were extracted from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) summary data. The GWAS summary data were obtained from the Global Lipids Genetic Consortium (GLGC), the UK Biobank, and the FinnGen study, respectively. Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was performed to evaluate the association between serum lipid traits and lipid-lowering drugs with migraine risk. RESULTS Regarding serum lipids, it was found that SNPs related to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), or triglycerides (TG) levels were not associated with migraine, migraine with aura (MA) or migraine without aura (MO). In addition, genotypes of HMGCR related to higher LDL-C levels were associated with increased risk of migraine (OR = 1.46, p = 0.035) and MA (OR = 2.03, p = 0.008); However, genotypes of PCSK9 related to higher LDL-C levels were associated with decreased risk of migraine (OR = 0.75, p = 0.001) and MA (OR = 0.69, p = 0.004); And genotypes of APOB related to higher LDL-C levels were associated with decreased risk of MO (OR = 0.62, p = 0.000). CONCLUSIONS There is a relationship between lipid metabolism characteristics and migraine risk. SIGNIFICANCE Based on the genome-wide association summary data, single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C), total cholesterol (TC), or triglycerides (TG) level were not associated with risk of migraine, migraine with aura (MA) or migraine without aura (MO). However, genotypes of HMGCR related to higher LDL-C levels have shown an increased risk on migraine and MA. And genotypes of APOB or PCSK9 related to higher LDL-C levels have shown a decreased risk on MO, or migraine and MA, respectively. These results suggested that there may be a relationship between lipid metabolism characteristics and the risk for migraine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiwei Hong
- Department of Neurology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
- West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Han
- Department of Neurology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
- West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Wan
- Department of Neurology, West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
- West China-PUMC C.C. Chen Institute of Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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22
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Agrawal S, Luan J, Cummings BB, Weiss EJ, Wareham NJ, Khera AV. Relationship of Fat Mass Ratio, a Biomarker for Lipodystrophy, With Cardiometabolic Traits. Diabetes 2024; 73:1099-1111. [PMID: 38345889 PMCID: PMC11189835 DOI: 10.2337/db23-0575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Familial partial lipodystrophy (FPLD) is a heterogenous group of syndromes associated with a high prevalence of cardiometabolic diseases. Prior work has proposed DEXA-derived fat mass ratio (FMR), defined as trunk fat percentage divided by leg fat percentage, as a biomarker of FPLD, but this metric has not previously been characterized in large cohort studies. We set out to 1) understand the cardiometabolic burden of individuals with high FMR in up to 40,796 participants in the UK Biobank and 9,408 participants in the Fenland study, 2) characterize the common variant genetic underpinnings of FMR, and 3) build and test a polygenic predictor for FMR. Participants with high FMR were at higher risk for type 2 diabetes (odds ratio [OR] 2.30, P = 3.5 × 10-41) and metabolic dysfunction-associated liver disease or steatohepatitis (OR 2.55, P = 4.9 × 10-7) in UK Biobank and had higher fasting insulin (difference 19.8 pmol/L, P = 5.7 × 10-36) and fasting triglycerides (difference 36.1 mg/dL, P = 2.5 × 10-28) in the Fenland study. Across FMR and its component traits, 61 conditionally independent variant-trait pairs were discovered, including 13 newly identified pairs. A polygenic score for FMR was associated with an increased risk of cardiometabolic diseases. This work establishes the cardiometabolic significance of high FMR, a biomarker for FPLD, in two large cohort studies and may prove useful in increasing diagnosis rates of patients with metabolically unhealthy fat distribution to enable treatment or a preventive therapy. ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Saaket Agrawal
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jian’an Luan
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, U.K
| | | | | | - Nick J. Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Amit V. Khera
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Verve Therapeutics, Boston, MA
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23
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Jaso-Vera ME, Takaoka S, Patel I, Ruan X. Integrative regulation of hLMR1 by dietary and genetic factors in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and hyperlipidemia. Hum Genet 2024; 143:897-906. [PMID: 38493444 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-024-02654-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) genes represent a large class of transcripts that are widely expressed across species. As most human lncRNAs are non-conserved, we recently employed a unique humanized liver mouse model to study lncRNAs expressed in human livers. We identified a human hepatocyte-specific lncRNA, hLMR1 (human lncRNA metabolic regulator 1), which is induced by feeding and promotes hepatic cholesterol synthesis. Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) found that several single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from the hLMR1 gene locus are associated with blood lipids and markers of liver damage. These results suggest that dietary and genetic factors may regulate hLMR1 to affect disease progression. In this study, we first screened for nutritional/hormonal factors and found that hLMR1 was robustly induced by insulin/glucose in cultured human hepatocytes, and this induction is dependent on the transcription factor SREBP1. We then tested if GWAS SNPs genetically linked to hLMR1 could regulate hLMR1 expression. We found that DNA sequences flanking rs9653945, a SNP from the last exon of the hLMR1 gene, functions as an enhancer that can be robustly activated by SREBP1c depending on the presence of rs9653945 major allele (G). We further performed CRISPR base editing in human HepG2 cells and found that rs9653945 major (G) to minor (A) allele modification resulted in blunted insulin/glucose-induced expression of hLMR1. Finally, we performed genotyping and gene expression analyses using a published human NAFLD RNA-seq dataset and found that individuals homozygous for rs9653945-G have a higher expression of hLMR1 and risk of NAFLD. Taken together, our data support a model that rs9653945-G predisposes individuals to insulin/glucose-induced hLMR1, contributing to the development of hyperlipidemia and NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos E Jaso-Vera
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Childrens Hospital, 600 Fifth Street S., St. Petersburg, FL, 33701, USA
| | - Shohei Takaoka
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Childrens Hospital, 600 Fifth Street S., St. Petersburg, FL, 33701, USA
| | - Ishika Patel
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Childrens Hospital, 600 Fifth Street S., St. Petersburg, FL, 33701, USA
| | - Xiangbo Ruan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Johns Hopkins All Childrens Hospital, 600 Fifth Street S., St. Petersburg, FL, 33701, USA.
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24
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Soremekun O, Mhlongwe T, Kirabo G, Akinyele C, Chikowore T, Fatumo S, Gill D. Genetically Proxied Lipid-Lowering Drug Target Perturbation and Ischemic Stroke Risk in European and African Ancestry Individuals: Mendelian Randomization Study. Stroke 2024; 55:e185-e186. [PMID: 38860386 PMCID: PMC11198944 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.123.045261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Opeyemi Soremekun
- The African Computational Genomics Research Group, Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute, and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (MRC/UVRI & LSHTM), Entebbe, Uganda (O.S., G.K., S.F.)
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (O.S.)
- Molecular Bio-Computation and Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa (O.S., T.M.)
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (O.S, D.G.)
| | - Thobeka Mhlongwe
- Molecular Bio-Computation and Drug Design Laboratory, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Durban, South Africa (O.S., T.M.)
| | - Gloria Kirabo
- The African Computational Genomics Research Group, Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute, and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (MRC/UVRI & LSHTM), Entebbe, Uganda (O.S., G.K., S.F.)
| | | | - Tinashe Chikowore
- MRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences (T.C.), University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences (T.C.), University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA (T.C.)
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA (T.C.)
| | - Segun Fatumo
- The African Computational Genomics Research Group, Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute, and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (MRC/UVRI & LSHTM), Entebbe, Uganda (O.S., G.K., S.F.)
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine London, United Kingdom (S.F.)
- Precision Healthcare University Research Institute Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (S.F.)
| | - Dipender Gill
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (O.S, D.G.)
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25
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Trinder M, Cermakova L, Ruel I, Baass A, Paquette M, Wang J, Kennedy BA, Hegele RA, Genest J, Brunham LR. Influence of Polygenic Background on the Clinical Presentation of Familial Hypercholesterolemia. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:1683-1693. [PMID: 38779854 PMCID: PMC11208056 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.320287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is among the most common genetic conditions worldwide that affects ≈ 1 in 300 individuals. FH is characterized by increased levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and increased risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), but there is a wide spectrum of severity within the FH population. This variability in expression is incompletely explained by known risk factors. We hypothesized that genome-wide genetic influences, as represented by polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for cardiometabolic traits, would influence the phenotypic severity of FH. METHODS We studied individuals with clinically diagnosed FH (n=1123) from the FH Canada National Registry, as well as individuals with genetically identified FH from the UK Biobank (n=723). For all individuals, we used genome-wide gene array data to calculate PRSs for CAD, LDL-C, lipoprotein(a), and other cardiometabolic traits. We compared the distribution of PRSs in individuals with clinically diagnosed FH, genetically diagnosed FH, and non-FH controls and examined the association of the PRSs with the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. RESULTS Individuals with clinically diagnosed FH had higher levels of LDL-C, and the incidence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease was higher in individuals with clinically diagnosed compared with genetically identified FH. Individuals with clinically diagnosed FH displayed enrichment for higher PRSs for CAD, LDL-C, and lipoprotein(a) but not for other cardiometabolic risk factors. The CAD PRS was associated with a risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease among individuals with an FH-causing genetic variant. CONCLUSIONS Genetic background, as expressed by genome-wide PRSs for CAD, LDL-C, and lipoprotein(a), influences the phenotypic severity of FH, expanding our understanding of the determinants that contribute to the variable expressivity of FH. A PRS for CAD may aid in risk prediction among individuals with FH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Trinder
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia and St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (M.T., L.C., L.R.B.)
| | - Lubomira Cermakova
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia and St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (M.T., L.C., L.R.B.)
| | - Isabelle Ruel
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada (I.R., J.G.)
| | - Alexis Baass
- Montreal Clinical Research Institute, Canada (A.B., M.P.)
| | | | - Jian Wang
- Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Canada (J.W., B.A.K., R.A.H.)
| | - Brooke A. Kennedy
- Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Canada (J.W., B.A.K., R.A.H.)
| | - Robert A. Hegele
- Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Canada (J.W., B.A.K., R.A.H.)
| | - Jacques Genest
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada (I.R., J.G.)
| | - Liam R. Brunham
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia and St. Paul’s Hospital, Vancouver, Canada (M.T., L.C., L.R.B.)
- Departments of Medicine and Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada (L.R.B.)
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26
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Frenkel M, Raman S. Discovering mechanisms of human genetic variation and controlling cell states at scale. Trends Genet 2024; 40:587-600. [PMID: 38658256 DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2024.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Population-scale sequencing efforts have catalogued substantial genetic variation in humans such that variant discovery dramatically outpaces interpretation. We discuss how single-cell sequencing is poised to reveal genetic mechanisms at a rate that may soon approach that of variant discovery. The functional genomics toolkit is sufficiently modular to systematically profile almost any type of variation within increasingly diverse contexts and with molecularly comprehensive and unbiased readouts. As a result, we can construct deep phenotypic atlases of variant effects that span the entire regulatory cascade. The same conceptual approach to interpreting genetic variation should be applied to engineering therapeutic cell states. In this way, variant mechanism discovery and cell state engineering will become reciprocating and iterative processes towards genomic medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Frenkel
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Srivatsan Raman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
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Hou K, Xu Z, Ding Y, Mandla R, Shi Z, Boulier K, Harpak A, Pasaniuc B. Calibrated prediction intervals for polygenic scores across diverse contexts. Nat Genet 2024; 56:1386-1396. [PMID: 38886587 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-024-01792-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Polygenic scores (PGS) have emerged as the tool of choice for genomic prediction in a wide range of fields. We show that PGS performance varies broadly across contexts and biobanks. Contexts such as age, sex and income can impact PGS accuracy with similar magnitudes as genetic ancestry. Here we introduce an approach (CalPred) that models all contexts jointly to produce prediction intervals that vary across contexts to achieve calibration (include the trait with 90% probability), whereas existing methods are miscalibrated. In analyses of 72 traits across large and diverse biobanks (All of Us and UK Biobank), we find that prediction intervals required adjustment by up to 80% for quantitative traits. For disease traits, PGS-based predictions were miscalibrated across socioeconomic contexts such as annual household income levels, further highlighting the need of accounting for context information in PGS-based prediction across diverse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangcheng Hou
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Ziqi Xu
- Department of Computer Science, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yi Ding
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ravi Mandla
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zhuozheng Shi
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kristin Boulier
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Arbel Harpak
- Department of Population Health, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Bogdan Pasaniuc
- Bioinformatics Interdepartmental Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Computational Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Institute for Precision Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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28
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Rossi N, Syed N, Visconti A, Aliyev E, Berry S, Bourbon M, Spector TD, Hysi PG, Fakhro KA, Falchi M. Rare variants at KCNJ2 are associated with LDL-cholesterol levels in a cross-population study. NPJ Genom Med 2024; 9:36. [PMID: 38942744 PMCID: PMC11213907 DOI: 10.1038/s41525-024-00417-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Leveraging whole genome sequencing data of 1751 individuals from the UK and 2587 Qatari subjects, we suggest here an association of rare variants mapping to the sour taste-associated gene KCNJ2 with reduced low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C, P = 2.10 × 10-12) and with a 22% decreased dietary trans-fat intake. This study identifies a novel candidate rare locus for LDL-C, adding insights into the genetic architecture of a complex trait implicated in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niccolò Rossi
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Najeeb Syed
- Department of Human Genetics, Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar
| | - Alessia Visconti
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
- Center for Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Elbay Aliyev
- Department of Human Genetics, Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sarah Berry
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mafalda Bourbon
- Cardiovascular Research Group, Department of Health Promotion and Prevention of non-Communicable Diseases, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Tim D Spector
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Pirro G Hysi
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Khalid A Fakhro
- Department of Human Genetics, Sidra Medical and Research Center, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill-Cornell Medical College, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mario Falchi
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK.
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29
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Zheng H, Fang YJ, Wang ST, Huang YB, Tang TC, Chen M. Statin use and fall risk in adults: a cross-sectional survey and mendelian randomization analysis. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1364733. [PMID: 38989146 PMCID: PMC11233697 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1364733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective The issue of falls poses a significant threat to the health of the elderly population. Although statins can cause myopathy, which implies that they may cause balance problems and increase the risk of falling, this has not been tested. Our objective was to assess whether the use of statins is linked to a higher risk of falls. Methods A cross-sectional survey study and Mendelian randomization (MR) study were conducted to examine whether the use of statins was associated with an increased risk of falling and balance problems. The cross-sectional study included 2,656 participants from the US population (NHANES) who reported information on balance and falling problems in the past year and their use of statins. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to investigate the association between statin use and the likelihood of falling or experiencing balance problems. The MR study identified five Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) that predict statin use across five ancestry groups: Admixed African or African, East Asian, European, Hispanic, and South Asian. Additionally, SNPs predicting the risk of falls were acquired from the UK Biobank population. A two-sample MR analysis was performed to examine whether genetically predicted statin use increased the risk of falls. Results The use of statins was found to be associated with an increased likelihood of balance and falling problems (balance problem, OR 1.25, 95%CI 1.02 to 1.55; falling problem, OR 1.27, 95%CI 1.03-1.27). Subgroup analysis revealed that patients under the age of 65 were more susceptible to these issues when taking statins (balance problem, OR 3.42, 95%CI 1.40 to 9.30; falling problem, OR 5.58, 95%CI 2.04-15.40). The MR analysis indicated that the use of statins, as genetically proxied, resulted in an increased risk of falling problems (OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.1-1.33). Conclusion Our study found an association between the use of statins and an increased risk of balance problems and falls in adults over 40 years old, and the MR study result suggested statin use increased risk of falls. The risk was higher in participants under 65 years old compared to those over 65 years old.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Zheng
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong-Jiang Fang
- Department of Acupuncture, Kunming Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming City, China
| | - Shu-Ting Wang
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan-Bing Huang
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Tai-Chun Tang
- Department of Colorectal Diseases, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Colorectal Diseases, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Xiong J, Xu Y, Wang N, Wang S, Zhang Y, Lu S, Zhang X, Liang X, Liu C, Jiang Q, Xu J, Qian Q, Zhou P, Yin L, Liu F, Chen S, Yin S, Liu J. Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome Exacerbates NASH Progression via Selective Autophagy-Mediated Eepd1 Degradation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2405955. [PMID: 38924647 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202405955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), characterized by chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH), is an independent risk factor for aggravating non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The prevailing mouse model employed in CIH research is inadequate for the comprehensive exploration of the impact of CIH on NASH development due to reduced food intake observed in CIH-exposed mice, which deviates from human responses. To address this issue, a pair-feeding investigation with CIH-exposed and normoxia-exposed mice is conducted. It is revealed that CIH exposure aggravates DNA damage, leading to hepatic fibrosis and inflammation. The analysis of genome-wide association study (GWAS) data also discloses the association between Eepd1, a DNA repair enzyme, and OSAS. Furthermore, it is revealed that CIH triggered selective autophagy, leading to the autophagic degradation of Eepd1, thereby exacerbating DNA damage in hepatocytes. Notably, Eepd1 liver-specific knockout mice exhibit aggravated hepatic DNA damage and further progression of NASH. To identify a therapeutic approach for CIH-induced NASH, a drug screening is conducted and it is found that Retigabine dihydrochloride suppresses CIH-mediated Eepd1 degradation, leading to alleviated DNA damage in hepatocytes. These findings imply that targeting CIH-mediated Eepd1 degradation can be an adjunctive approach in the treatment of NASH exacerbated by OSAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Xiong
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Shengming Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery & Shanghai, Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing & Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Yao Zhang
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Sijia Lu
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Xiaoman Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery & Shanghai, Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing & Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | | | - Chuchu Liu
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Quanxin Jiang
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Junting Xu
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Qiqi Qian
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Peihui Zhou
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Limin Yin
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery & Shanghai, Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing & Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Suzhen Chen
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Shankai Yin
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery & Shanghai, Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing & Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Junli Liu
- Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, China
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Dunca D, Chopade S, Gordillo-Marañón M, Hingorani AD, Kuchenbaecker K, Finan C, Schmidt AF. Comparing the effects of CETP in East Asian and European ancestries: a Mendelian randomization study. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5302. [PMID: 38906890 PMCID: PMC11192935 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49109-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024] Open
Abstract
CETP inhibitors are a class of lipid-lowering drugs in development for treatment of coronary heart disease (CHD). Genetic studies in East Asian ancestry have interpreted the lack of CETP signal with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and lack of drug target Mendelian randomization (MR) effect on CHD as evidence that CETP inhibitors might not be effective in East Asian participants. Capitalizing on recent increases in sample size of East Asian genetic studies, we conducted a drug target MR analysis, scaled to a standard deviation increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Despite finding evidence for possible neutral effects of lower CETP levels on LDL-C, systolic blood pressure and pulse pressure in East Asians (interaction p-values < 1.6 × 10-3), effects on cardiovascular outcomes were similarly protective in both ancestry groups. In conclusion, on-target inhibition of CETP is anticipated to decrease cardiovascular disease in individuals of both European and East Asian ancestries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Dunca
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
- UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Sandesh Chopade
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - María Gordillo-Marañón
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Aroon D Hingorani
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- UCL British Heart Foundation Research Accelerator, London, UK
- Health Data Research UK, London, UK
| | - Karoline Kuchenbaecker
- UCL Genetics Institute, University College London, London, UK
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Chris Finan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- UCL British Heart Foundation Research Accelerator, London, UK
- Health Data Research UK, London, UK
| | - Amand F Schmidt
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- UCL British Heart Foundation Research Accelerator, London, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC Heart Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Lalagkas PN, Melamed RD. Shared genetics between breast cancer and predisposing diseases identifies novel breast cancer treatment candidates. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4536370. [PMID: 38947022 PMCID: PMC11213186 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4536370/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Background Current effective breast cancer treatment options have severe side effects, highlighting a need for new therapies. Drug repurposing can accelerate improvements to care, as FDA-approved drugs have known safety and pharmacological profiles. Some drugs for other conditions, such as metformin, an antidiabetic, have been tested in clinical trials for repurposing for breast cancer. Here, we exploit the genetics of breast cancer and linked predisposing diseases to propose novel drug repurposing. We hypothesize that if a predisposing disease contributes to breast cancer pathology, identifying the pleiotropic genes related to the risk of cancer could prioritize drug targets, among all drugs treating a predisposing disease. We aim to develop a method to not only prioritize drug repurposing, but also to highlight shared etiology explaining repurposing. Methods We compile breast cancer's predisposing diseases from literature. For each predisposing disease, we use GWAS summary statistics to identify genes in loci showing genetic correlation with breast cancer. Then, we use a network approach to link these shared genes to canonical pathways, and similarly for all drugs treating the predisposing disease, we link their targets to pathways. In this manner, we are able to prioritize a list of drugs based on each predisposing disease, with each drug linked to a set of implicating pathways. Finally, we evaluate our recommendations against drugs currently under investigation for breast cancer. Results We identify 84 loci harboring mutations with positively correlated effects between breast cancer and its predisposing diseases; these contain 194 identified shared genes. Out of the 112 drugs indicated for the predisposing diseases, 76 drugs can be linked to shared genes via pathways (candidate drugs for repurposing). Fifteen out of these candidate drugs are already in advanced clinical trial phases or approved for breast cancer (OR = 9.28, p = 7.99e-03, one-sided Fisher's exact test), highlighting the ability of our approach to identify likely successful candidate drugs for repurposing. Conclusions Our novel approach accelerates drug repurposing for breast cancer by leveraging shared genetics with its known risk factors. The result provides 59 novel candidate drugs alongside biological insights supporting each recommendation.
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Milbourn H, McCartney D, Richmond A, Campbell A, Flaig R, Robertson S, Fawns-Ritchie C, Hayward C, Marioni RE, McIntosh AM, Porteous DJ, Whalley HC, Sudlow C. Generation Scotland: an update on Scotland's longitudinal family health study. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e084719. [PMID: 38908846 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-084719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Generation Scotland (GS) is a large family-based cohort study established as a longitudinal resource for research into the genetic, lifestyle and environmental determinants of physical and mental health. It comprises extensive genetic, sociodemographic and clinical data from volunteers in Scotland. PARTICIPANTS A total of 24 084 adult participants, including 5501 families, were recruited between 2006 and 2011. Within the cohort, 59% (approximately 14 209) are women, with an average age at recruitment of 49 years. Participants completed a health questionnaire and attended an in-person clinic visit, where detailed baseline data were collected on lifestyle information, cognitive function, personality traits and mental and physical health. Genotype array data are available for 20 026 (83%) participants, and blood-based DNA methylation (DNAm) data for 18 869 (78%) participants. Linkage to routine National Health Service datasets has been possible for 93% (n=22 402) of the cohort, creating a longitudinal resource that includes primary care, hospital attendance, prescription and mortality records. Multimodal brain imaging is available in 1069 individuals. FINDINGS TO DATE GS has been widely used by researchers across the world to study the genetic and environmental basis of common complex diseases. Over 350 peer-reviewed papers have been published using GS data, contributing to research areas such as ageing, cancer, cardiovascular disease and mental health. Recontact studies have built on the GS cohort to collect additional prospective data to study chronic pain, major depressive disorder and COVID-19. FUTURE PLANS To create a larger, richer, longitudinal resource, 'Next Generation Scotland' launched in May 2022 to expand the existing cohort by a target of 20 000 additional volunteers, now including anyone aged 12+ years. New participants complete online consent and questionnaires and provide postal saliva samples, from which genotype and salivary DNAm array data will be generated. The latest cohort information and how to access data can be found on the GS website (www.generationscotland.org).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Milbourn
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Medical Informatics, Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, The University of Edinburgh Usher, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Daniel McCartney
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Anne Richmond
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Archie Campbell
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Robin Flaig
- Centre for Medical Informatics, Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, The University of Edinburgh Usher, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sarah Robertson
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Medical Informatics, Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, The University of Edinburgh Usher, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Chloe Fawns-Ritchie
- Division of Psychology, School of Humanities, Social Sciences and Law, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
- Department of Psychology, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Caroline Hayward
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Riccardo E Marioni
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Andrew M McIntosh
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Division of Psychiatry, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David J Porteous
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Heather C Whalley
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Division of Psychiatry, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, The University of Edinburgh Usher, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Cathie Sudlow
- Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, The University of Edinburgh Usher, Edinburgh, UK
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Rosoff DB, Hamandi AM, Bell AS, Mavromatis LA, Park LM, Jung J, Wagner J, Lohoff FW. Major Psychiatric Disorders, Substance Use Behaviors, and Longevity. JAMA Psychiatry 2024:2820199. [PMID: 38888899 PMCID: PMC11195603 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2024.1429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Importance Observational studies suggest that major psychiatric disorders and substance use behaviors reduce longevity, making it difficult to disentangle their relationships with aging-related outcomes. Objective To evaluate the associations between the genetic liabilities for major psychiatric disorders, substance use behaviors (smoking and alcohol consumption), and longevity. Design, Settings, and Participants This 2-sample mendelian randomization (MR) study assessed associations between psychiatric disorders, substance use behaviors, and longevity using single-variable and multivariable models. Multiomics analyses were performed elucidating transcriptomic underpinnings of the MR associations and identifying potential proteomic therapeutic targets. This study sourced summary-level genome-wide association study (GWAS) data, gene expression, and proteomic data from cohorts of European ancestry. Analyses were performed from May 2022 to November 2023. Exposures Genetic susceptibility for major depression (n = 500 199), bipolar disorder (n = 413 466), schizophrenia (n = 127 906), problematic alcohol use (n = 435 563), weekly alcohol consumption (n = 666 978), and lifetime smoking index (n = 462 690). Main Outcomes and Measures The main outcome encompassed aspects of health span, lifespan, and exceptional longevity. Additional outcomes were epigenetic age acceleration (EAA) clocks. Results Findings from multivariable MR models simultaneously assessing psychiatric disorders and substance use behaviorsm suggest a negative association between smoking and longevity in cohorts of European ancestry (n = 709 709; 431 503 [60.8%] female; β, -0.33; 95% CI, -0.38 to -0.28; P = 4.59 × 10-34) and with increased EAA (n = 34 449; 18 017 [52.3%] female; eg, PhenoAge: β, 1.76; 95% CI, 0.72 to 2.79; P = 8.83 × 10-4). Transcriptomic imputation and colocalization identified 249 genes associated with smoking, including 36 novel genes not captured by the original smoking GWAS. Enriched pathways included chromatin remodeling and telomere assembly and maintenance. The transcriptome-wide signature of smoking was inversely associated with longevity, and estimates of individual smoking-associated genes, eg, XRCC3 and PRMT6, aligned with the smoking-longevity MR analyses, suggesting underlying transcriptomic mediators. Cis-instrument MR prioritized brain proteins associated with smoking behavior, including LY6H (β, 0.02; 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.03; P = 2.37 × 10-6) and RIT2 (β, 0.02; 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.03; P = 1.05 × 10-5), which had favorable adverse-effect profiles across 367 traits evaluated in phenome-wide MR. Conclusions The findings suggest that the genetic liability of smoking, but not of psychiatric disorders, is associated with longevity. Transcriptomic associations offer insights into smoking-related pathways, and identified proteomic targets may inform therapeutic development for smoking cessation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B. Rosoff
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
- Radcliffe Department of Medicine, NIH-Oxford-Cambridge Scholars Program, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ali M. Hamandi
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Andrew S. Bell
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lucas A. Mavromatis
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lauren M. Park
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jeesun Jung
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Josephin Wagner
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Falk W. Lohoff
- Section on Clinical Genomics and Experimental Therapeutics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Kraaijenhof JM, Cronjé HT, Hovingh GK, Nurmohamed NS, Gill D, Zagkos L. Proteomic Signatures of Genetically Predicted and Pharmacologically Observed PCSK9 Inhibition. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e033190. [PMID: 38874077 PMCID: PMC11255727 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.033190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan M. Kraaijenhof
- Department of Vascular MedicineAmsterdam University Medical Centers, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Héléne T. Cronjé
- Department of Public Health, Section of EpidemiologyUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | - G. Kees Hovingh
- Department of Vascular MedicineAmsterdam University Medical Centers, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Nick S. Nurmohamed
- Department of Vascular MedicineAmsterdam University Medical Centers, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
- Department of CardiologyAmsterdam University Medical Centers, Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Dipender Gill
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public HealthImperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Loukas Zagkos
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public HealthImperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
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Bergstedt J, Pasman JA, Ma Z, Harder A, Yao S, Parker N, Treur JL, Smit DJA, Frei O, Shadrin AA, Meijsen JJ, Shen Q, Hägg S, Tornvall P, Buil A, Werge T, Hjerling-Leffler J, Als TD, Børglum AD, Lewis CM, McIntosh AM, Valdimarsdóttir UA, Andreassen OA, Sullivan PF, Lu Y, Fang F. Distinct biological signature and modifiable risk factors underlie the comorbidity between major depressive disorder and cardiovascular disease. NATURE CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH 2024; 3:754-769. [PMID: 38898929 PMCID: PMC11182748 DOI: 10.1038/s44161-024-00488-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are often comorbid, resulting in excess morbidity and mortality. Here we show that CVDs share most of their genetic risk factors with MDD. Multivariate genome-wide association analysis of shared genetic liability between MDD and atherosclerotic CVD revealed seven loci and distinct patterns of tissue and brain cell-type enrichments, suggesting the involvement of the thalamus. Part of the genetic overlap was explained by shared inflammatory, metabolic and psychosocial or lifestyle risk factors. Our data indicated causal effects of genetic liability to MDD on CVD risk, but not from most CVDs to MDD, and showed that the causal effects were partly explained by metabolic and psychosocial or lifestyle factors. The distinct signature of MDD-atherosclerotic CVD comorbidity suggests an immunometabolic subtype of MDD that is more strongly associated with CVD than overall MDD. In summary, we identified biological mechanisms underlying MDD-CVD comorbidity and modifiable risk factors for prevention of CVD in individuals with MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Bergstedt
- Unit of Integrative Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joëlle A. Pasman
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ziyan Ma
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Arvid Harder
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shuyang Yao
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nadine Parker
- Centre for Precision Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jorien L. Treur
- Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dirk J. A. Smit
- Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Oleksandr Frei
- Centre for Precision Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Bioinformatics, Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Alexey A. Shadrin
- Centre for Precision Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Joeri J. Meijsen
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Center Sct. Hans, Mental Health Services Copenhagen, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Qing Shen
- Unit of Integrative Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Pudong New Area Mental Health Center, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute for Advanced Study, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sara Hägg
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Tornvall
- Department of Clinical Science and Education Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alfonso Buil
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Center Sct. Hans, Mental Health Services Copenhagen, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Thomas Werge
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Center Sct. Hans, Mental Health Services Copenhagen, Roskilde, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Hjerling-Leffler
- Department Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas D. Als
- Department of Molecular Medicine (MOMA), Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anders D. Børglum
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Cathryn M. Lewis
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King’s College London, London, UK
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew M. McIntosh
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Genomics and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Unnur A. Valdimarsdóttir
- Unit of Integrative Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA USA
| | - Ole A. Andreassen
- Centre for Precision Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Patrick F. Sullivan
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fang Fang
- Unit of Integrative Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Peng Y, Shen H, Li C, Zhu X, Gao Y, Yi H, Xu H, Guan J, Li X, Yin S. Genetic variations of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol on metabolic disorders in obstructive sleep apnea. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2024; 21:31. [PMID: 38858772 PMCID: PMC11163771 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-024-00805-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study aimed to explore the relationship between low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) genetic variants and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and its complications, including cardiovascular diseases (CVD), insulin resistance (IR), and metabolic syndrome (MS). METHOD 4329 individuals with suspected OSA who underwent a comprehensive assessment of anthropometric, biochemical, and polysomnography (PSG) data, along with 30 LDL-C single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were enrolled. The 10-year Framingham CVD risk score (FRS), IR and MS were evaluated for each subject. Linear regression and logistic regression were utilized to examine the correlations among these variables. RESULTS After the Benjamini-Hochberg correction, linear regression results indicated positive correlations between variants rs3741297 and rs629301 with FRS (β = 0.031, PBH=0.002; β = 0.026, PBH=0.015). Logistic regression revealed that rs3741297 increased MS risk among total subjects [OR = 1.67 (95% CI:1.369-2.038), PBH=1.32 × 10- 5] and increased IR risk in females [OR = 3.475 (95% CI:1.653-7.307), PBH=0.03]. In males, rs2642438 decreased MS risk [OR = 0.81 (95% CI:0.703-0.933), PBH=0.045]. CONCLUSIONS The rs3741297 variant correlated with susceptibility to CVD, IR, and MS in the OSA population. OSA, CVD, IR and MS share a potentially common genetic background, which may promote precision medicine. CINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION The study protocol was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR1900025714).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Peng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine&, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, P. R. China
- Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hangdong Shen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine&, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, P. R. China
- Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenyang Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine&, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, P. R. China
- Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyue Zhu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine&, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, P. R. China
- Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiqing Gao
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine&, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, P. R. China
- Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongliang Yi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine&, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, P. R. China
- Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huajun Xu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine&, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, P. R. China.
- Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jian Guan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine&, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, P. R. China.
- Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xinyi Li
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine&, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, P. R. China.
- Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shankai Yin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Sleep Disordered Breathing, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine&, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, P. R. China
- Otolaryngology Institute of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Tao Y, Wang Y, Yin Y, Zhang K, Gong Y, Ying H, Jiang R. Associations of lipids and lipid-modifying drug target genes with atrial fibrillation risk based on genomic data. Lipids Health Dis 2024; 23:175. [PMID: 38851763 PMCID: PMC11161942 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-024-02163-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The causal associations of lipids and the drug target genes with atrial fibrillation (AF) risk remain obscure. We aimed to investigate the causal associations using genetic evidence. METHODS Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were conducted using summary-level genome-wide association studies (GWASs) in European and East Asian populations. Lipid profiles (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, and lipoprotein[a]) and lipid-modifying drug target genes (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9, NPC1-like intracellular cholesterol transporter 1, apolipoprotein C3, angiopoietin-like 3, and lipoprotein[a]) were used as exposures. AF was used as an outcome. The inverse variance weighted method was applied as the primary method. Summary-data-based Mendelian randomization analyses were performed for further validation using expression quantitative trait loci data. Mediation analyses were conducted to explore the indirect effect of coronary heart disease. RESULTS In the European population, MR analyses demonstrated that elevated levels of lipoprotein(a) increased AF risk. Moreover, analyses focusing on drug targets revealed that the genetically proxied target gene LPA, which simulates the effects of drug intervention by reducing lipoprotein(a), exhibited an association with AF risk. This association was validated in independent datasets. There were no consistent and significant associations observed for other traits when analyzed in different datasets. This finding was also corroborated by Summary-data-based Mendelian randomization analyses between LPA and AF. Mediation analyses revealed that coronary heart disease plays a mediating role in this association. However, in the East Asian population, no statistically significant evidence was observed to support these associations. CONCLUSIONS This study provided genetic evidence that Lp(a) may be a causal factor for AF and that LPA may represent a promising pharmacological target for preventing AF in the European population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Tao
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, P.R. China
| | - Yuxing Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, P.R. China
| | - Yongkun Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, P.R. China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, P.R. China
| | - Yingchao Gong
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, P.R. China
| | - Hangying Ying
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, P.R. China
| | - Ruhong Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310016, P.R. China.
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Holmes MV, Kartsonaki C, Boxall R, Lin K, Reeve N, Yu C, Lv J, Bennett DA, Hill MR, Yang L, Chen Y, Du H, Turnbull I, Collins R, Clarke RJ, Tobin MD, Li L, Millwood IY, Chen Z, Walters RG. PCSK9 genetic variants and risk of vascular and non-vascular diseases in Chinese and UK populations. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2024; 31:1015-1025. [PMID: 38198221 PMCID: PMC11144468 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwae009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) through PCSK9 inhibition represents a new therapeutic approach to preventing and treating cardiovascular disease (CVD). Phenome-wide analyses of PCSK9 genetic variants in large biobanks can help to identify unexpected effects of PCSK9 inhibition. METHODS AND RESULTS In the prospective China Kadoorie Biobank, we constructed a genetic score using three variants at the PCSK9 locus associated with directly measured LDL-C [PCSK9 genetic score (PCSK9-GS)]. Logistic regression gave estimated odds ratios (ORs) for PCSK9-GS associations with CVD and non-CVD outcomes, scaled to 1 SD lower LDL-C. PCSK9-GS was associated with lower risks of carotid plaque [n = 8340 cases; OR = 0.61 (95% confidence interval: 0.45-0.83); P = 0.0015], major occlusive vascular events [n = 15 752; 0.80 (0.67-0.95); P = 0.011], and ischaemic stroke [n = 11 467; 0.80 (0.66-0.98); P = 0.029]. However, PCSK9-GS was also associated with higher risk of hospitalization with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [COPD: n = 6836; 1.38 (1.08-1.76); P = 0.0089] and with even higher risk of fatal exacerbations amongst individuals with pre-existing COPD [n = 730; 3.61 (1.71-7.60); P = 7.3 × 10-4]. We also replicated associations for a PCSK9 variant, reported in UK Biobank, with increased risks of acute upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) [pooled OR after meta-analysis of 1.87 (1.38-2.54); P = 5.4 × 10-5] and self-reported asthma [pooled OR of 1.17 (1.04-1.30); P = 0.0071]. There was no association of a polygenic LDL-C score with COPD hospitalization, COPD exacerbation, or URTI. CONCLUSION The LDL-C-lowering PCSK9 genetic variants are associated with lower risk of subclinical and clinical atherosclerotic vascular disease but higher risks of respiratory diseases. Pharmacovigilance studies may be required to monitor patients treated with therapeutic PCSK9 inhibitors for exacerbations of respiratory diseases or respiratory tract infections. LAY SUMMARY Genetic analyses of over 100 000 participants of the China Kadoorie Biobank, mimicking the effect of new drugs intended to reduce cholesterol by targeting the PCSK9 protein, have identified potential severe effects of lower PCSK9 activity in patients with existing respiratory disease.PCSK9 genetic variants that are associated with lower cholesterol and reduced rates of cardiovascular disease are also associated with increased risk of a range of respiratory diseases, including asthma, upper respiratory tract infections, and hospitalization with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).These genetic variants are not associated with whether or not individuals have COPD; instead, they are specifically associated with an increase in the chance of those who already have COPD being hospitalized and even dying, suggesting that careful monitoring of such patients should be considered during development of and treatment with anti-PCSK9 medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael V Holmes
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Christiana Kartsonaki
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Ruth Boxall
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Kuang Lin
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Nicola Reeve
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Canqing Yu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness and Response, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Lv
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness and Response, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Derrick A Bennett
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Michael R Hill
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Ling Yang
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Yiping Chen
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Huaidong Du
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Iain Turnbull
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Rory Collins
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Robert J Clarke
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Martin D Tobin
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research, Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Liming Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking University Center for Public Health and Epidemic Preparedness and Response, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Epidemiology of Major Diseases (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Iona Y Millwood
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Zhengming Chen
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Robin G Walters
- Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
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Ardissino M, Slob EAW, Reddy RK, Morley AP, Schuermans A, Hill P, Williamson C, Honigberg MC, de Marvao A, Ng FS. Genetically proxied low-density lipoprotein cholesterol lowering via PCSK9-inhibitor drug targets and risk of congenital malformations. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2024; 31:955-965. [PMID: 38294056 PMCID: PMC11144467 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwad402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Current guidelines advise against the use of lipid-lowering drugs during pregnancy. This is based only on previous observational evidence demonstrating an association between statin use and congenital malformations, which is increasingly controversial. In the absence of clinical trial data, we aimed to use drug-target Mendelian randomization to model the potential impact of fetal LDL-lowering, overall and through PCSK9 drug targets, on congenital malformations. METHODS AND RESULTS Instrumental variants influencing LDL levels overall and through PCSK9-inhibitor drug targets were extracted from genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary data for LDL on 1 320 016 individuals. Instrumental variants influencing circulating PCSK9 levels (pQTLs) and liver PCSK9 gene expression levels (eQTLs) were extracted, respectively, from a GWAS on 10 186 individuals and from the genotype-tissue expression project. Gene-outcome association data was extracted from the 7th release of GWAS summary data on the FinnGen cohort (n = 342 499) for eight categories of congenital malformations affecting multiple systems. Genetically proxied LDL-lowering through PCSK9 was associated with higher odds of malformations affecting multiple systems [OR 2.70, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.30-5.63, P = 0.018], the skin (OR 2.23, 95% CI 1.33-3.75, P = 0.007), and the vertebral, anorectal, cardiovascular, tracheo-esophageal, renal, and limb association (VACTERL) (OR 1.51, 95% CI 1.16-1.96, P = 0.007). An association was also found with obstructive defects of the renal pelvis and ureter, but this association was suggestive of horizontal pleiotropy. Lower PCSK9 pQTLs were associated with the same congenital malformations. CONCLUSION These data provide genetic evidence supporting current manufacturer advice to avoid the use of PCSK9 inhibitors during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddalena Ardissino
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, London, UK
| | - Eric A W Slob
- MRC Biostatistics Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Applied Economics, Erasmus School of Economics, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Erasmus University Rotterdam Institute for Behavior and Biology, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rohin K Reddy
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK
| | - Alec P Morley
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, London, UK
| | - Art Schuermans
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics and Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Phoebe Hill
- Royal Oldham Hospital, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Catherine Williamson
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial college London, London, UK
| | - Michael C Honigberg
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics and Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Center and Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Antonio de Marvao
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
- Medical Research Council, London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Fu Siong Ng
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Campus, London, UK
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Fu J, Zhang Q, Wang J, Wang M, Zhang B, Zhu W, Qiu S, Geng Z, Cui G, Yu Y, Liao W, Zhang H, Gao B, Xu X, Han T, Yao Z, Qin W, Liu F, Liang M, Wang S, Xu Q, Xu J, Zhang P, Li W, Shi D, Wang C, Lui S, Yan Z, Chen F, Zhang J, Li J, Shen W, Miao Y, Wang D, Xian J, Gao JH, Zhang X, Xu K, Zuo XN, Zhang L, Ye Z, Cheng J, Li MJ, Yu C. Cross-ancestry genome-wide association studies of brain imaging phenotypes. Nat Genet 2024; 56:1110-1120. [PMID: 38811844 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-024-01766-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies of brain imaging phenotypes are mainly performed in European populations, but other populations are severely under-represented. Here, we conducted Chinese-alone and cross-ancestry genome-wide association studies of 3,414 brain imaging phenotypes in 7,058 Chinese Han and 33,224 white British participants. We identified 38 new associations in Chinese-alone analyses and 486 additional new associations in cross-ancestry meta-analyses at P < 1.46 × 10-11 for discovery and P < 0.05 for replication. We pooled significant autosomal associations identified by single- or cross-ancestry analyses into 6,443 independent associations, which showed uneven distribution in the genome and the phenotype subgroups. We further divided them into 44 associations with different effect sizes and 3,557 associations with similar effect sizes between ancestries. Loci of these associations were shared with 15 brain-related non-imaging traits including cognition and neuropsychiatric disorders. Our results provide a valuable catalog of genetic associations for brain imaging phenotypes in more diverse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jilian Fu
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging and State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Quan Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Characteristic Medical Center of Chinese People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics, the Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Meiyun Wang
- Department of Radiology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital and Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Biomedical Institute, Henan Academy of Sciences, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenzhen Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shijun Qiu
- Department of Medical Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zuojun Geng
- Department of Medical Imaging, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Guangbin Cui
- Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Lab of Shaanxi Province and Department of Radiology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yongqiang Yu
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Weihua Liao
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Molecular Imaging Research Center of Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Radiology, the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Bo Gao
- Department of Radiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Department of Radiology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, China
| | - Xiaojun Xu
- Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tong Han
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenwei Yao
- Department of Radiology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Qin
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging and State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging and State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Meng Liang
- School of Medical Imaging and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Sijia Wang
- School of Medical Imaging and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging and State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiayuan Xu
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging and State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Dapeng Shi
- Department of Radiology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital and Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Caihong Wang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Su Lui
- Department of Radiology, Huaxi MR Research Center, Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhihan Yan
- Department of Radiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Radiology, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Magnetic Resonance, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Functional and Molecular Imaging, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiance Li
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wen Shen
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanwei Miao
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Dawei Wang
- Department of Radiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Junfang Xian
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Hong Gao
- Center for MRI Research, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaochu Zhang
- Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Kai Xu
- Department of Radiology, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xi-Nian Zuo
- Developmental Population Neuroscience Research Center at IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Longjiang Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhaoxiang Ye
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingliang Cheng
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Mulin Jun Li
- Department of Bioinformatics, the Province and Ministry Co-sponsored Collaborative Innovation Center for Medical Epigenetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Chunshui Yu
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Functional Imaging and State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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Eastwood SV, Hemani G, Watkins SH, Scally A, Davey Smith G, Chaturvedi N. Ancestry, ethnicity, and race: explaining inequalities in cardiometabolic disease. Trends Mol Med 2024; 30:541-551. [PMID: 38677980 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2024.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Population differences in cardiometabolic disease remain unexplained. Misleading assumptions over genetic explanations are partly due to terminology used to distinguish populations, specifically ancestry, race, and ethnicity. These terms differentially implicate environmental and biological causal pathways, which should inform their use. Genetic variation alone accounts for a limited fraction of population differences in cardiometabolic disease. Research effort should focus on societally driven, lifelong environmental determinants of population differences in disease. Rather than pursuing population stratifiers to personalize medicine, we advocate removing socioeconomic barriers to receipt of and adherence to healthcare interventions, which will have markedly greater impact on improving cardiometabolic outcomes. This requires multidisciplinary collaboration and public and policymaker engagement to address inequalities driven by society rather than biology per se.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie V Eastwood
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL Population Sciences and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Gibran Hemani
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Sarah H Watkins
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Aylwyn Scally
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, UK
| | - George Davey Smith
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Nishi Chaturvedi
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL Population Sciences and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences Faculty of Population Health Sciences, University College London, London, UK.
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Tharehalli U, Rimbert A. G protein-coupled receptor 146: new insights from genetics and model systems. Curr Opin Lipidol 2024; 35:162-169. [PMID: 38465903 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0000000000000929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases continue to be a significant global cause of death. Despite the availability of efficient treatments, there is an ongoing need for innovative strategies to lower lipid levels, especially for individuals experiencing refractory dyslipidemias or intolerable adverse effects. Based on human genetic findings and on mouse studies, the G protein-coupled receptor 146 (GPR146) emerges as a promising target against hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis. The present review aims at providing a thorough summary of the latest information acquired regarding GPR146, encompassing genetic evidence, functional insights, and its broader implications for cardiometabolic health. RECENT FINDINGS Human genetic studies uncovered associations between GPR146 variants, plasma lipid levels and metabolic parameters. Additionally, GPR146's influence extends beyond lipid regulation, impacting adipocyte differentiation, lipolysis, and inflammation pathways. Despite GPR146's orphan status, ongoing efforts to deorphanize it, suggest a potential ligand with downstream effects involving Gαi coupling. SUMMARY Here, we outline and deliberate on recent progress focused on: enhancing comprehension of the effects of inhibiting GPR146 in humans through genetic instruments, evaluating the extra-hepatic functions of GPR146, and discovering its natural ligand(s). Grasping these biological parameters and mechanisms is crucial in the exploration of GPR146 as a prospective therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umesh Tharehalli
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Antoine Rimbert
- Nantes Université, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, France
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Dib MJ, Zagkos L, Meena D, Burgess S, Chirinos JA, Gill D. LDL-c Lowering, Ischemic Stroke, and Small Vessel Disease Brain Imaging Biomarkers: A Mendelian Randomization Study. Stroke 2024; 55:1676-1679. [PMID: 38572634 PMCID: PMC7615976 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.123.045297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of lipid-lowering drug targets on different ischemic stroke subtypes are not fully understood. We aimed to explore the mechanisms by which lipid-lowering drug targets differentially affect the risk of ischemic stroke subtypes and their underlying pathophysiology. METHODS Using a 2-sample Mendelian randomization approach, we assessed the effects of genetically proxied low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) and 3 clinically approved LDL-lowering drugs (HMGCR [3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase], PCSK9 [proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9], and NPC1L1 [Niemann-Pick C1-Like 1]) on stroke subtypes and brain imaging biomarkers associated with small vessel stroke (SVS), including white matter hyperintensity volume and perivascular spaces. RESULTS In genome-wide Mendelian randomization analyses, lower genetically predicted LDL-c was significantly associated with a reduced risk of any stroke, ischemic stroke, and large artery stroke, supporting previous findings. Significant associations between genetically predicted LDL-c and cardioembolic stroke, SVS, and biomarkers, perivascular space and white matter hyperintensity volume, were not identified in this study. In drug-target Mendelian randomization analysis, genetically proxied reduced LDL-c through NPC1L1 inhibition was associated with lower odds of perivascular space (odds ratio per 1-mg/dL decrease, 0.79 [95% CI, 0.67-0.93]) and with lower odds of SVS (odds ratio, 0.29 [95% CI, 0.10-0.85]). CONCLUSIONS This study provides supporting evidence of a potentially protective effect of LDL-c lowering through NPC1L1 inhibition on perivascular space and SVS risk, highlighting novel therapeutic targets for SVS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Joe Dib
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA
| | - Loukas Zagkos
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Devendra Meena
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Stephen Burgess
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Julio A. Chirinos
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA
| | - Dipender Gill
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, UK
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Shi S, Dong Y, Wang S, Du X, Feng N, Xu L, Zhong VW. Associations of Dietary Cholesterol Consumption With Incident Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease: The Role of Genetic Variability in Cholesterol Absorption and Disease Predisposition. Diabetes Care 2024; 47:1092-1098. [PMID: 38593324 DOI: 10.2337/dc23-2336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Whether genetic susceptibility to disease and dietary cholesterol (DC) absorption contribute to inconsistent associations of DC consumption with diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains unclear. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS DC consumption was assessed by repeated 24-h dietary recalls in the UK Biobank. A polygenetic risk score (PRS) for DC absorption was constructed using genetic variants in the Niemann-Pick C1-Like 1 and ATP Binding Cassettes G5 and G8 genes. PRSs for diabetes, coronary artery disease, and stroke were also created. The associations of DC consumption with incident diabetes (n = 96,826) and CVD (n = 94,536) in the overall sample and by PRS subgroups were evaluated using adjusted Cox models. RESULTS Each additional 300 mg/day of DC consumption was associated with incident diabetes (hazard ratio [HR], 1.17 [95% CI, 1.07-1.27]) and CVD (HR, 1.09 [95% CI, 1.03-1.17]), but further adjusting for BMI nullified these associations (HR for diabetes, 0.99 [95% CI, 0.90-1.09]; HR for CVD, 1.04 [95% CI, 0.98-1.12]). Genetic susceptibility to the diseases did not modify these associations (P for interaction ≥0.06). The DC-CVD association appeared to be stronger in people with greater genetic susceptibility to cholesterol absorption assessed by the non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol-related PRS (P for interaction = 0.04), but the stratum-level association estimates were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS DC consumption was not associated with incident diabetes and CVD, after adjusting for BMI, in the overall sample and in subgroups stratified by genetic predisposition to cholesterol absorption and the diseases. Nevertheless, whether genetic predisposition to cholesterol absorption modifies the DC-CVD association requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxiao Shi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Dong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sujing Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xihao Du
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Nannan Feng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Xu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Victor W Zhong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Ojima T, Namba S, Suzuki K, Yamamoto K, Sonehara K, Narita A, Kamatani Y, Tamiya G, Yamamoto M, Yamauchi T, Kadowaki T, Okada Y. Body mass index stratification optimizes polygenic prediction of type 2 diabetes in cross-biobank analyses. Nat Genet 2024; 56:1100-1109. [PMID: 38862855 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-024-01782-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) shows heterogeneous body mass index (BMI) sensitivity. Here, we performed stratification based on BMI to optimize predictions for BMI-related diseases. We obtained BMI-stratified datasets using data from more than 195,000 individuals (nT2D = 55,284) from BioBank Japan (BBJ) and UK Biobank. T2D heritability in the low-BMI group was greater than that in the high-BMI group. Polygenic predictions of T2D toward low-BMI targets had pseudo-R2 values that were more than 22% higher than BMI-unstratified targets. Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) from low-BMI discovery outperformed PRSs from high BMI, while PRSs from BMI-unstratified discovery performed best. Pathway-specific PRSs demonstrated the biological contributions of pathogenic pathways. Low-BMI T2D cases showed higher rates of neuropathy and retinopathy. Combining BMI stratification and a method integrating cross-population effects, T2D predictions showed greater than 37% improvements over unstratified-matched-population prediction. We replicated findings in the Tohoku Medical Megabank (n = 26,000) and the second BBJ cohort (n = 33,096). Our findings suggest that target stratification based on existing traits can improve the polygenic prediction of heterogeneous diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Ojima
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Laboratory for Systems Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, RIKEN, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinichi Namba
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
- Department of Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken Suzuki
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Yamamoto
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
- Laboratory of Statistical Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Japan
- Laboratory of Children's Health and Genetics, Division of Health Science, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kyuto Sonehara
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
- Laboratory for Systems Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Narita
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Kamatani
- Laboratory of Complex Trait Genomics, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gen Tamiya
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, RIKEN, Tokyo, Japan
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Toshimasa Yamauchi
- Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Yukinori Okada
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan.
- Laboratory for Systems Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.
- Department of Genome Informatics, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
- Laboratory of Statistical Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center (WPI-IFReC), Osaka University, Suita, Japan.
- Premium Research Institute for Human Metaverse Medicine (WPI-PRIMe), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan.
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Smith JL, Tcheandjieu C, Dikilitas O, Iyer K, Miyazawa K, Hilliard A, Lynch J, Rotter JI, Chen YDI, Sheu WHH, Chang KM, Kanoni S, Tsao PS, Ito K, Kosel M, Clarke SL, Schaid DJ, Assimes TL, Kullo IJ. Multi-Ancestry Polygenic Risk Score for Coronary Heart Disease Based on an Ancestrally Diverse Genome-Wide Association Study and Population-Specific Optimization. CIRCULATION. GENOMIC AND PRECISION MEDICINE 2024; 17:e004272. [PMID: 38380516 DOI: 10.1161/circgen.123.004272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Predictive performance of polygenic risk scores (PRS) varies across populations. To facilitate equitable clinical use, we developed PRS for coronary heart disease (CHD; PRSCHD) for 5 genetic ancestry groups. METHODS We derived ancestry-specific and multi-ancestry PRSCHD based on pruning and thresholding (PRSPT) and ancestry-based continuous shrinkage priors (PRSCSx) applied to summary statistics from the largest multi-ancestry genome-wide association study meta-analysis for CHD to date, including 1.1 million participants from 5 major genetic ancestry groups. Following training and optimization in the Million Veteran Program, we evaluated the best-performing PRSCHD in 176,988 individuals across 9 diverse cohorts. RESULTS Multi-ancestry PRSPT and PRSCSx outperformed ancestry-specific PRSPT and PRSCSx across a range of tuning values. Two best-performing multi-ancestry PRSCHD (ie, PRSPTmult and PRSCSxmult) and 1 ancestry-specific (PRSCSxEUR) were taken forward for validation. PRSPTmult demonstrated the strongest association with CHD in individuals of South Asian ancestry and European ancestry (odds ratio per 1 SD [95% CI, 2.75 [2.41-3.14], 1.65 [1.59-1.72]), followed by East Asian ancestry (1.56 [1.50-1.61]), Hispanic/Latino ancestry (1.38 [1.24-1.54]), and African ancestry (1.16 [1.11-1.21]). PRSCSxmult showed the strongest associations in South Asian ancestry (2.67 [2.38-3.00]) and European ancestry (1.65 [1.59-1.71]), lower in East Asian ancestry (1.59 [1.54-1.64]), Hispanic/Latino ancestry (1.51 [1.35-1.69]), and the lowest in African ancestry (1.20 [1.15-1.26]). CONCLUSIONS The use of summary statistics from a large multi-ancestry genome-wide meta-analysis improved the performance of PRSCHD in most ancestry groups compared with single-ancestry methods. Despite the use of one of the largest and most diverse sets of training and validation cohorts to date, improvement of predictive performance was limited in African ancestry. This highlights the need for larger genome-wide association study datasets of underrepresented populations to enhance the performance of PRSCHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna L Smith
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (J.L.S., O.D., I.J.K.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Catherine Tcheandjieu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco (C.T.)
- Gladstone Institute of Data Science and Biotechnology, Gladstone Institute, San Francisco, CA (C.T.)
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System (C.T., A.H., P.S.T., S.L.C.)
| | - Ozan Dikilitas
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (J.L.S., O.D., I.J.K.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Kruthika Iyer
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA (K. Iyer, A.H.)
| | - Kazuo Miyazawa
- Riken Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama City, Japan (K.M., K. Ito)
| | - Austin Hilliard
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System (C.T., A.H., P.S.T., S.L.C.)
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA (K. Iyer, A.H.)
| | | | - Jerome I Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (J.I.R., Y.-D.I.C.)
| | - Yii-Der Ida Chen
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA (J.I.R., Y.-D.I.C.)
| | - Wayne Huey-Herng Sheu
- Institute of Molecular and Genomic Medicine, National Health Research Institute (W.H.-H.S.)
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital (W.H.-H.S.)
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan (W.H.-H.S.)
| | - Kyong-Mi Chang
- Corporal Michael J Crescenz VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA (K.-M.C.)
| | - Stavroula Kanoni
- Queen Mary University of London, Cambridge, United Kingdom (S.K.)
| | - Philip S Tsao
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System (C.T., A.H., P.S.T., S.L.C.)
- Stanford University, Stanford, CA (P.S.T., S.L.C., T.L.A.)
| | - Kaoru Ito
- Riken Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama City, Japan (K.M., K. Ito)
| | - Matthew Kosel
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.K., D.J.S.)
| | - Shoa L Clarke
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System (C.T., A.H., P.S.T., S.L.C.)
- Stanford University, Stanford, CA (P.S.T., S.L.C., T.L.A.)
| | - Daniel J Schaid
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN (M.K., D.J.S.)
| | | | - Iftikhar J Kullo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (J.L.S., O.D., I.J.K.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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Ye Q, Chen M, Ma L. Genetic liability to elevated circulating IP-10, IFNγ and SCGFβ levels in relation to thoracic aortic aneurysm: A mendelian randomization study. Cytokine 2024; 178:156569. [PMID: 38484620 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2024.156569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Inflammation is associated with thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) but the effects of each circulating inflammatory factor on TAA remain unclear. In this study, we explored the relationship between circulating inflammatory factors and TAA risk using Mendelian randomization (MR) approach based on summary statistics from the latest genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 41 circulating inflammatory factors in 8293 Finns and a GWAS involving 1351 TAA cases and 18,295 controls of European ancestry. In univariable MR, higher interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10) levels, higher interferon gamma (IFNγ) levels and higher stem cell growth factor beta (SCGFβ) levels were associated with an increased risk of TAA (OR = 1.37, 95 % CI = 1.17-1.59, p = 7.42 × 10-5; OR = 1.43, 95 % CI = 1.19-1.74, p = 2.04 × 10-4; OR = 1.27, 95 % CI = 1.09-1.48, p = 2.40 × 10-3, respectively). In multivariable MR, the patterns of associations for the three cytokines remained adjusting for each other or smoking, but were attenuated differently with adjustment for other cardiovascular risk factors, especially for lipids and body mass index. Bidirectional MR approach did not identify any significant associations between cytokines and risk factors. Our results indicated that circulating cytokines may play mediation roles in the pathogenesis of TAA. Further studies are needed to determine whether these biomarkers can be used to prevent and treat TAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianxi Ye
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Miao Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China
| | - Liang Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China.
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Gagnon E, Bourgault J, Gobeil É, Thériault S, Arsenault BJ. Impact of loss-of-function in angiopoietin-like 4 on the human phenome. Atherosclerosis 2024; 393:117558. [PMID: 38703417 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2024.117558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carriers of the E40K loss-of-function variant in Angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4), have lower plasma triglyceride levels as well as lower rates of coronary artery disease (CAD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). These genetic data suggest ANGPTL4 inhibition as a potential therapeutic target for cardiometabolic diseases. However, it is unknown whether the association between E40K and human diseases is due to linkage disequilibrium confounding. The broader impact of genetic ANGPTL4 inhibition is also unknown, raising uncertainties about the safety and validity of this target. METHODS To assess the impact of ANGPLT4 inhibition, we evaluated whether E40K and other loss-of-function variants in ANGPTL4 influenced a wide range of health markers and diseases using 29 publicly available genome-wide association meta-analyses of cardiometabolic traits and diseases, as well as 1589 diseases assessed in electronic health records within FinnGen (n = 309,154). To determine whether these relationships were likely causal, and not driven by other correlated variants, we used the Bayesian fine mapping algorithm CoPheScan. RESULTS The CoPheScan posterior probability of E40K being the causal variant for triglyceride levels was 99.99 %, validating the E40K to proxy lifelong lower activity of ANGPTL4. The E40K variant was associated with lower risk of CAD (odds ratio [OR] = 0.84, 95 % CI = 0.81 to 0.87, p=3.6e-21) and T2D (OR = 0.91, 95 % CI = 0.87 to 0.95, p=2.8e-05) in GWAS meta-analyses, with results replicated in FinnGen. These significant results were also replicated using other rare loss-of-function variants identified through whole exome sequencing in 488,278 participants of the UK Biobank. Using a Mendelian randomization study design, the E40K variant effect on cardiometabolic diseases was concordant with lipoprotein lipase enhancement (r = 0.82), but not hepatic lipase enhancement (r = -0.10), suggesting that ANGPTL4 effects on cardiometabolic diseases are potentially mainly mediated through lipoprotein lipase. After correction for multiple testing, the E40K variant did not significantly increase the risk of any of the 1589 diseases tested in FinnGen. CONCLUSIONS ANGPTL4 inhibition may represent a potentially safe and effective target for cardiometabolic diseases prevention or treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloi Gagnon
- Centre de Recherche de L'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Jérome Bourgault
- Centre de Recherche de L'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Émilie Gobeil
- Centre de Recherche de L'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Sébastien Thériault
- Centre de Recherche de L'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada; Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Benoit J Arsenault
- Centre de Recherche de L'Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada; Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.
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Zhang H, Fan Y, Li H, Feng X, Yue D. Genetic association of serum lipids and lipid-modifying targets with endometriosis: Trans-ethnic Mendelian-randomization and mediation analysis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301752. [PMID: 38820493 PMCID: PMC11142702 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior observational research identified dyslipidemia as a risk factor for endometriosis (EMS) but the causal relationship remains unestablished due to inherent study limitations. METHODS Genome-wide association study data for high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG), and total cholesterol (TC) from European (EUR) and East Asian (EAS) ancestries were sourced from the Global Lipids Genetics Consortium. Multi-ancestry EMS data came from various datasets. Univariable Mendelian randomization (MR) examined causal links between serum lipids and EMS. Multivariable and mediation MR explored the influence of seven confounding factors and mediators. Drug-target MR investigates the association between lipid-lowering target genes identified in positive results and EMS. The primary method was inverse-variance weighted (IVW), with replication datasets and meta-analyses reinforcing causal associations. Sensitivity analyses included false discovery rate (FDR) correction, causal analysis using summary effect estimates (CAUSE), and colocalization analysis. RESULTS IVW analysis in EUR ancestry showed a significant causal association between TG and increased EMS risk (OR = 1.112, 95% CI 1.033-1.198, P = 5.03×10-3, PFDR = 0.03), supported by replication and meta-analyses. CAUSE analysis confirmed unbiased results (P < 0.05). Multivariable and mediation MR revealed that systolic blood pressure (Mediation effect: 7.52%, P = 0.02) and total testosterone (Mediation effect: 10.79%, P = 0.01) partly mediated this relationship. No causal links were found between other lipid traits and EMS (P > 0.05 & PFDR > 0.05). In EAS ancestry, no causal relationships with EMS were detected (P > 0.05 & PFDR > 0.05). Drug-target MR indicated suggestive evidence for the influence of ANGPTL3 on EMS mediated through TG (OR = 0.798, 95% CI 0.670-0.951, P = 0.01, PFDR = 0.04, PP.H4 = 0.85%). CONCLUSIONS This MR study in EUR ancestry indicated an increased EMS risk with higher serum TG levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongling Zhang
- Gynecology Department of Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical-College, HUST, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yawei Fan
- General Surgery of Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical-College, HUST, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Huijun Li
- The Laboratory Medicine Department of Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical-College, HUST, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoqing Feng
- Gynecology Department of Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical-College, HUST, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Daoyuan Yue
- The Laboratory Medicine Department of Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical-College, HUST, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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