1
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Lyu J, Kapolka N, Gumpper R, Alon A, Wang L, Jain MK, Barros-Álvarez X, Sakamoto K, Kim Y, DiBerto J, Kim K, Glenn IS, Tummino TA, Huang S, Irwin JJ, Tarkhanova OO, Moroz Y, Skiniotis G, Kruse AC, Shoichet BK, Roth BL. AlphaFold2 structures guide prospective ligand discovery. Science 2024; 384:eadn6354. [PMID: 38753765 DOI: 10.1126/science.adn6354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
AlphaFold2 (AF2) models have had wide impact but mixed success in retrospective ligand recognition. We prospectively docked large libraries against unrefined AF2 models of the σ2 and serotonin 2A (5-HT2A) receptors, testing hundreds of new molecules and comparing results with those obtained from docking against the experimental structures. Hit rates were high and similar for the experimental and AF2 structures, as were affinities. Success in docking against the AF2 models was achieved despite differences between orthosteric residue conformations in the AF2 models and the experimental structures. Determination of the cryo-electron microscopy structure for one of the more potent 5-HT2A ligands from the AF2 docking revealed residue accommodations that resembled the AF2 prediction. AF2 models may sample conformations that differ from experimental structures but remain low energy and relevant for ligand discovery, extending the domain of structure-based drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiankun Lyu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- The Evnin Family Laboratory of Computational Molecular Discovery, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Nicholas Kapolka
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Ryan Gumpper
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Assaf Alon
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94035, USA
| | - Manish K Jain
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Ximena Barros-Álvarez
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94035, USA
| | - Kensuke Sakamoto
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program (NIMH PDSP), School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Yoojoong Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jeffrey DiBerto
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Kuglae Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Isabella S Glenn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Tia A Tummino
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Sijie Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - John J Irwin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | | | - Yurii Moroz
- Chemspace LLC, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv 01601, Ukraine
- Enamine Ltd., Kyiv 02094, Ukraine
| | - Georgios Skiniotis
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94035, USA
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Andrew C Kruse
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Brian K Shoichet
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Bryan L Roth
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program (NIMH PDSP), School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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2
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Iwama A, Kise R, Akasaka H, Sano FK, Oshima HS, Inoue A, Shihoya W, Nureki O. Structure and dynamics of the pyroglutamylated RF-amide peptide QRFP receptor GPR103. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4769. [PMID: 38897996 PMCID: PMC11187126 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49030-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Pyroglutamylated RF-amide peptide (QRFP) is a peptide hormone with a C-terminal RF-amide motif. QRFP selectively activates a class A G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) GPR103 to exert various physiological functions such as energy metabolism and appetite regulation. Here, we report the cryo-electron microscopy structure of the QRFP26-GPR103-Gq complex at 3.19 Å resolution. QRFP26 adopts an extended structure bearing no secondary structure, with its N-terminal and C-terminal sides recognized by extracellular and transmembrane domains of GPR103 respectively. This movement, reminiscent of class B1 GPCRs except for orientation and structure of the ligand, is critical for the high-affinity binding and receptor specificity of QRFP26. Mutagenesis experiments validate the functional importance of the binding mode of QRFP26 by GPR103. Structural comparisons with closely related receptors, including RY-amide peptide-recognizing GPCRs, revealed conserved and diversified peptide recognition mechanisms, providing profound insights into the biological significance of RF-amide peptides. Collectively, this study not only advances our understanding of GPCR-ligand interactions, but also paves the way for the development of novel therapeutics targeting metabolic and appetite disorders and emergency medical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aika Iwama
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Ryoji Kise
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Akasaka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Fumiya K Sano
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hidetaka S Oshima
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3, Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan.
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida-Shimo-Adachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Wataru Shihoya
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Osamu Nureki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
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3
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Ding J, Hillig C, White CW, Fernandopulle NA, Anderton H, Kern JS, Menden MP, Mackay GA. CXCL17 induces activation of human mast cells via MRGPRX2. Allergy 2024; 79:1609-1612. [PMID: 38279626 DOI: 10.1111/all.16036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ding
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christina Hillig
- Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Institute of Computational Biology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Carl W White
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Research Council, Centre for Personalised Therapeutics Technologies, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nithya A Fernandopulle
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Holly Anderton
- Division of Inflammation, Walter and Elisa Hall Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Johannes S Kern
- Central Clinical School, Monash University, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Dermatology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael P Menden
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Centre for Environmental Health, Institute of Computational Biology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Graham A Mackay
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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4
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Porebski G, Dziadowiec A, Rybka H, Kitel R, Kwitniewski M. Mast cell degranulation and bradykinin-induced angioedema - searching for the missing link. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1399459. [PMID: 38812508 PMCID: PMC11133555 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1399459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Initiation of the bradykinin generation cascade is responsible for the occurrence of attacks in some types of angioedema without wheals. Hereditary angioedema due to C1 inhibitor deficiency (HAE-C1-INH) is one such clinical entity. In this paper, we explore the existing evidence that mast cells (MCs) degranulation may contribute to the activation of the kallikrein-kinin system cascade, followed by bradykinin formation and angioedema. We present the multidirectional effects of MC-derived heparin and other polyanions on the major components of the kinin-kallikrein system, particularly on the factor XII activation. Although, bradykinin- and histamine-mediated symptoms are distinct clinical phenomena, they share some common features, such as some similar triggers and a predilection to occur at sites where mast cells reside, namely the skin and mucous membranes. In addition, recent observations indicate a high incidence of hypersensitivity reactions associated with MC degranulation in the HAE-C1-INH patient population. However, not all of these can be explained by IgE-dependent mechanisms. Mast cell-related G protein-coupled receptor-X2 (MRGPRX2), which has recently attracted scientific interest, may be involved in the activation of MCs through a different pathway. Therefore, we reviewed MRGPRX2 ligands that HAE-C1-INH patients may be exposed to in their daily lives and that may affect MCs degranulation. We also discussed the known inter- and intra-individual variability in the course of HAE-C1-INH in relation to factors responsible for possible variability in the strength of the response to MRGPRX2 receptor stimulation. The above issues raise several questions for future research. It is not known to what extent a prophylactic or therapeutic intervention targeting the pathways of one mechanism (mast cell degranulation) may affect the other (bradykinin production), or whether the number of mast cells at a specific body site and their reactivity to triggers such as pressure, allergens or MRGPRX2 agonists may influence the occurrence of HAE-C1-INH attacks at that site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Porebski
- Department of Clinical and Environmental Allergology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Alicja Dziadowiec
- Department of Clinical and Environmental Allergology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Hubert Rybka
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Radoslaw Kitel
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Mateusz Kwitniewski
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
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5
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Chien DCC, Limjunyawong N, Cao C, Meixiong J, Peng Q, Ho CY, Fay JF, Roth BL, Dong X. MRGPRX4 mediates phospho-drug-associated pruritus in a humanized mouse model. Sci Transl Med 2024; 16:eadk8198. [PMID: 38718132 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adk8198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
The phosphate modification of drugs is a common chemical strategy to increase solubility and allow for parenteral administration. Unfortunately, phosphate modifications often elicit treatment- or dose-limiting pruritus through an unknown mechanism. Using unbiased high-throughput drug screens, we identified the Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X4 (MRGPRX4), a primate-specific, sensory neuron receptor previously implicated in itch, as a potential target for phosphate-modified compounds. Using both Gq-mediated calcium mobilization and G protein-independent GPCR assays, we found that phosphate-modified compounds potently activate MRGPRX4. Furthermore, a humanized mouse model expressing MRGPRX4 in sensory neurons exhibited robust phosphomonoester prodrug-evoked itch. To characterize and confirm this interaction, we further determined the structure of MRGPRX4 in complex with a phosphate-modified drug through single-particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) and identified critical amino acid residues responsible for the binding of the phosphate group. Together, these findings explain how phosphorylated drugs can elicit treatment-limiting itch and identify MRGPRX4 as a potential therapeutic target to suppress itch and to guide future drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daphne Chun-Che Chien
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Nathachit Limjunyawong
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Can Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - James Meixiong
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Qi Peng
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Cheng-Ying Ho
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jonathan F Fay
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Bryan L Roth
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Xinzhong Dong
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA
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6
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Zuo H, Park J, Frangaj A, Ye J, Lu G, Manning JJ, Asher WB, Lu Z, Hu GB, Wang L, Mendez J, Eng E, Zhang Z, Lin X, Grassucci R, Hendrickson WA, Clarke OB, Javitch JA, Conigrave AD, Fan QR. Promiscuous G-protein activation by the calcium-sensing receptor. Nature 2024; 629:481-488. [PMID: 38632411 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07331-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The human calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) detects fluctuations in the extracellular Ca2+ concentration and maintains Ca2+ homeostasis1,2. It also mediates diverse cellular processes not associated with Ca2+ balance3-5. The functional pleiotropy of CaSR arises in part from its ability to signal through several G-protein subtypes6. We determined structures of CaSR in complex with G proteins from three different subfamilies: Gq, Gi and Gs. We found that the homodimeric CaSR of each complex couples to a single G protein through a common mode. This involves the C-terminal helix of each Gα subunit binding to a shallow pocket that is formed in one CaSR subunit by all three intracellular loops (ICL1-ICL3), an extended transmembrane helix 3 and an ordered C-terminal region. G-protein binding expands the transmembrane dimer interface, which is further stabilized by phospholipid. The restraint imposed by the receptor dimer, in combination with ICL2, enables G-protein activation by facilitating conformational transition of Gα. We identified a single Gα residue that determines Gq and Gs versus Gi selectivity. The length and flexibility of ICL2 allows CaSR to bind all three Gα subtypes, thereby conferring capacity for promiscuous G-protein coupling.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Calcium/metabolism
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go/metabolism
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go/chemistry
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gq-G11/metabolism
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gq-G11/chemistry
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs/metabolism
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs/chemistry
- Models, Molecular
- Protein Binding
- Protein Multimerization
- Receptors, Calcium-Sensing/metabolism
- Receptors, Calcium-Sensing/chemistry
- Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding Proteins/chemistry
- Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Binding Sites
- Protein Structure, Secondary
- Substrate Specificity
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zuo
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jinseo Park
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aurel Frangaj
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jianxiang Ye
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Guanqi Lu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jamie J Manning
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wesley B Asher
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zhengyuan Lu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Guo-Bin Hu
- Laboratory for BioMolecular Structure, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - Liguo Wang
- Laboratory for BioMolecular Structure, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
| | - Joshua Mendez
- National Center for Cryo-EM Access and Training, Simons Electron Microscopy Center, New York Structural Biology Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Edward Eng
- National Center for Cryo-EM Access and Training, Simons Electron Microscopy Center, New York Structural Biology Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zhening Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Xin Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert Grassucci
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wayne A Hendrickson
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Oliver B Clarke
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan A Javitch
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Arthur D Conigrave
- School of Life & Environmental Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Qing R Fan
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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7
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Alvarez-Arango S, Kumar M, Chow TG, Sabato V. Non-IgE-Mediated Immediate Drug-Induced Hypersensitivity Reactions. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2024; 12:1109-1119. [PMID: 38423288 PMCID: PMC11081849 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2024.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Immediate drug-induced hypersensitivity reactions (IDHSRs) have conventionally been attributed to an immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated mechanism. Nevertheless, it has now been acknowledged that IDHSRs can also occur independently of IgE involvement. Non-IgE-mediated IDHSRs encompass the activation of effector cells, both mast cell-dependent and -independent and the initiation of inflammatory pathways through immunogenic and nonimmunogenic mechanisms. The IDHSRs involve inflammatory mediators beyond histamine, including the platelet-activating factor, which activates multiple cell types, including smooth muscle, endothelium, and MC, and evidence supports its importance in IgE-mediated reactions in humans. Clinically, distinguishing IgE from non-IgE mechanisms is crucial for future treatment strategies, including drug(s) restriction, readministration approaches, and pretreatment considerations. However, this presents significant challenges because certain drugs can trigger both mechanisms, and their presentations can appear similarly, ranging from mild to life-threatening symptoms. Thus, history alone is often inadequate for differentiation, and skin tests lack a standardized approach. Moreover, drug-specific IgE immunoassays have favorable specificity but low sensitivity, and the usefulness of the basophil activation test remains debatable. Lastly, no biomarker reliably differentiates between both mechanisms. Whereas non-IgE-mediated mechanisms likely predominate in IDHSRs, reclassifying most drug-related IDHSRs as non-IgE-mediated, with suggested prevention through dose administration adjustments, is premature and risky. Therefore, continued research and validated diagnostic tests are crucial to improving our capacity to distinguish between these mechanisms, ultimately enhancing patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Alvarez-Arango
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md; Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md; Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md.
| | - Mukesh Kumar
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR
| | - Timothy G Chow
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Vito Sabato
- Department of Immunology, Allergology and Rheumatology, Antwerp University Hospital, University Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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8
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Kim Y, Gumpper RH, Liu Y, Kocak DD, Xiong Y, Cao C, Deng Z, Krumm BE, Jain MK, Zhang S, Jin J, Roth BL. Bitter taste receptor activation by cholesterol and an intracellular tastant. Nature 2024; 628:664-671. [PMID: 38600377 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07253-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Bitter taste sensing is mediated by type 2 taste receptors (TAS2Rs (also known as T2Rs)), which represent a distinct class of G-protein-coupled receptors1. Among the 26 members of the TAS2Rs, TAS2R14 is highly expressed in extraoral tissues and mediates the responses to more than 100 structurally diverse tastants2-6, although the molecular mechanisms for recognizing diverse chemicals and initiating cellular signalling are still poorly understood. Here we report two cryo-electron microscopy structures for TAS2R14 complexed with Ggust (also known as gustducin) and Gi1. Both structures have an orthosteric binding pocket occupied by endogenous cholesterol as well as an intracellular allosteric site bound by the bitter tastant cmpd28.1, including a direct interaction with the α5 helix of Ggust and Gi1. Computational and biochemical studies validate both ligand interactions. Our functional analysis identified cholesterol as an orthosteric agonist and the bitter tastant cmpd28.1 as a positive allosteric modulator with direct agonist activity at TAS2R14. Moreover, the orthosteric pocket is connected to the allosteric site via an elongated cavity, which has a hydrophobic core rich in aromatic residues. Our findings provide insights into the ligand recognition of bitter taste receptors and suggest activities of TAS2R14 beyond bitter taste perception via intracellular allosteric tastants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoojoong Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ryan H Gumpper
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yongfeng Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - D Dewran Kocak
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Yan Xiong
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences, Oncological Sciences and Neuroscience, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Can Cao
- School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Zhijie Deng
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences, Oncological Sciences and Neuroscience, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brian E Krumm
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Manish K Jain
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Shicheng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jian Jin
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Sciences, Oncological Sciences and Neuroscience, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bryan L Roth
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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9
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Mahmoud RH, Brooks SG, Yosipovitch G. Current and emerging drugs for the treatment of pruritus: an update of the literature. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2024; 25:655-672. [PMID: 38682595 DOI: 10.1080/14656566.2024.2349193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pruritus, particularly in its chronic form, often imposes significant suffering and reductions in patients' quality of life. The pathophysiology of itch is varied depending on disease context, creating opportunities for unique drug development and multimodal therapy. AREAS COVERED The purpose of this article is to provide an update of the literature regarding current and emerging therapeutics in itch. We review the multitudes of drug targets available and corresponding drugs that have shown efficacy in clinical trials, with a particular emphasis on phase 2 and 3 trials and beyond. Broadly, these targets include therapies directed against type 2 inflammation (i.e. Th2 cytokines, JAK/STAT, lipid mediators, T-cell mediators, and other enzymes and receptors) and neural receptors and targets (i.e. PARs, TRP channels, opioid receptors, MRGPRs, GABA receptors, and cannabinoid receptors). EXPERT OPINION Therapeutics for itch are emerging at a remarkable pace, and we are entering an era with more and more specialized therapies. Increasingly, these treatments are able to relieve itch beyond their effect on inflammation by directly targeting the neurosensory system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami H Mahmoud
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, Miami Itch Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Sarah G Brooks
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, Miami Itch Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Gil Yosipovitch
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, Miami Itch Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Coral Gables, FL, USA
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10
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Moon AN, Briand F, Breyner N, Song DK, Madsen MR, Kim H, Choi K, Lee Y, Namkung W. Improvement of NASH and liver fibrosis through modulation of the gut-liver axis by a novel intestinal FXR agonist. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116331. [PMID: 38428307 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) plays a pivotal role in the regulation of bile acid homeostasis and is involved in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Although FXR agonists effectively alleviate pathological features of NASH, adverse effects such as disturbance of cholesterol homeostasis and occurrence of pruritus remain to be addressed. Here, we identified a novel FXR agonist, ID119031166 (ID166), and explored the pharmacological benefits of ID166 in the treatment of NASH. ID166, a potent and selective non-bile acid FXR agonist, exhibits preferential distribution in the intestine and shows no agonist activity against potential itch receptors including Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X4 (MRGPRX4). Interestingly, ID166 significantly attenuated total nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) activity and liver fibrosis in a free choice diet-induced NASH hamster model. In addition, ID166 drastically modulated the relative abundance of five gut microbes and reduced the increase in plasma total bile acid levels to normal levels in NASH hamsters. Moreover, long-term treatment with ID166 significantly improved key histological features of NASH and liver fibrosis in a diet-induced NASH mouse model. In the NASH mouse livers, RNA-seq analysis revealed that ID166 reduced the gene expression changes associated with both NASH and liver fibrosis. Notably, ID166 exhibited no substantial effects on scratching behavior and serum IL-31 levels in mice. Our findings suggest that ID166, a novel FXR agonist with improved pharmacological properties, provides a preclinical basis to optimize clinical benefits for NASH drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Na Moon
- College of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, 85 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21983, South Korea; iLeadBMS Co., Ltd., 614 Dongtangiheung-ro, Hwaseong-si 18469, South Korea
| | - François Briand
- Physiogenex, 280 rue de l'Hers, ZAC de la Masquère, Escalquens 31750, France
| | - Natalia Breyner
- Physiogenex, 280 rue de l'Hers, ZAC de la Masquère, Escalquens 31750, France
| | - Dong-Keun Song
- iLeadBMS Co., Ltd., 614 Dongtangiheung-ro, Hwaseong-si 18469, South Korea
| | | | - Hongbin Kim
- KINS, Korean Institute of Nonclinical Study, 172 Dolma-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13505, South Korea
| | - Keonwoo Choi
- KINS, Korean Institute of Nonclinical Study, 172 Dolma-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do 13505, South Korea
| | - Yoonsuk Lee
- iLeadBMS Co., Ltd., 614 Dongtangiheung-ro, Hwaseong-si 18469, South Korea.
| | - Wan Namkung
- College of Pharmacy and Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, 85 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21983, South Korea.
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11
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Suno R. Exploring Diverse Signaling Mechanisms of G Protein-Coupled Receptors through Structural Biology. J Biochem 2024; 175:357-365. [PMID: 38382646 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvae018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent advancements in structural biology have facilitated the elucidation of complexes involving G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and their associated signal transducers, including G proteins and arrestins. A comprehensive analysis of these structures provides profound insights into the dynamics of signaling mechanisms. These structural revelations can potentially guide the development of drugs to minimize side effects through targeted and selective signaling. Understanding the binding modes of different signal-selective ligands is imperative for future drug research and development. Here, we conduct a comparative examination of the structural details of various GPCR-signal transducer complexes and delve into the molecular basis of the currently proposed signal selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoji Suno
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata, 573-1010, Japan
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12
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Gyawali R, Dhakal A, Wang L, Cheng J. Accurate cryo-EM protein particle picking by integrating the foundational AI image segmentation model and specialized U-Net. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.10.02.560572. [PMID: 37873264 PMCID: PMC10592924 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.02.560572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Picking protein particles in cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) micrographs is a crucial step in the cryo-EM-based structure determination. However, existing methods trained on a limited amount of cryo-EM data still cannot accurately pick protein particles from noisy cryo-EM images. The general foundational artificial intelligence (AI)-based image segmentation model such as Meta's Segment Anything Model (SAM) cannot segment protein particles well because their training data do not include cryo-EM images. Here, we present a novel approach (CryoSegNet) of integrating an attention-gated U-shape network (U-Net) specially designed and trained for cryo-EM particle picking and the SAM. The U-Net is first trained on a large cryo-EM image dataset and then used to generate input from original cryo-EM images for SAM to make particle pickings. CryoSegNet shows both high precision and recall in segmenting protein particles from cryo-EM micrographs, irrespective of protein type, shape, and size. On several independent datasets of various protein types, CryoSegNet outperforms two top machine learning particle pickers crYOLO and Topaz as well as SAM itself. The average resolution of density maps reconstructed from the particles picked by CryoSegNet is 3.32 Å, 7% better than 3.57 Å of Topaz and 14% better than 3.85 Å of crYOLO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajan Gyawali
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Ashwin Dhakal
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Liguo Wang
- Laboratory for BioMolecular Structure (LBMS), Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Jianlin Cheng
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
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13
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Lyu J, Kapolka N, Gumpper R, Alon A, Wang L, Jain MK, Barros-Álvarez X, Sakamoto K, Kim Y, DiBerto J, Kim K, Tummino TA, Huang S, Irwin JJ, Tarkhanova OO, Moroz Y, Skiniotis G, Kruse AC, Shoichet BK, Roth BL. AlphaFold2 structures template ligand discovery. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.12.20.572662. [PMID: 38187536 PMCID: PMC10769324 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.20.572662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
AlphaFold2 (AF2) and RosettaFold have greatly expanded the number of structures available for structure-based ligand discovery, even though retrospective studies have cast doubt on their direct usefulness for that goal. Here, we tested unrefined AF2 models prospectively, comparing experimental hit-rates and affinities from large library docking against AF2 models vs the same screens targeting experimental structures of the same receptors. In retrospective docking screens against the σ2 and the 5-HT2A receptors, the AF2 structures struggled to recapitulate ligands that we had previously found docking against the receptors' experimental structures, consistent with published results. Prospective large library docking against the AF2 models, however, yielded similar hit rates for both receptors versus docking against experimentally-derived structures; hundreds of molecules were prioritized and tested against each model and each structure of each receptor. The success of the AF2 models was achieved despite differences in orthosteric pocket residue conformations for both targets versus the experimental structures. Intriguingly, against the 5-HT2A receptor the most potent, subtype-selective agonists were discovered via docking against the AF2 model, not the experimental structure. To understand this from a molecular perspective, a cryoEM structure was determined for one of the more potent and selective ligands to emerge from docking against the AF2 model of the 5-HT2A receptor. Our findings suggest that AF2 models may sample conformations that are relevant for ligand discovery, much extending the domain of applicability of structure-based ligand discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiankun Lyu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- The Evnin Family Laboratory of Computational Molecular Discovery, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA (present address)
| | - Nicholas Kapolka
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7365, USA
| | - Ryan Gumpper
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7365, USA
| | - Assaf Alon
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Pharmacology Department, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA (present address)
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Manish K Jain
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7365, USA
| | - Ximena Barros-Álvarez
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kensuke Sakamoto
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7365, USA
- National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program (NIMH PDSP), School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7365, USA
| | - Yoojoong Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7365, USA
| | - Jeffrey DiBerto
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7365, USA
| | - Kuglae Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7365, USA
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, Korea (present address)
| | - Tia A Tummino
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Sijie Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - John J Irwin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | | | - Yurii Moroz
- Chemspace LLC, Kyiv, 02094, Ukraine
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine
- Enamine Ltd., Kyiv, 02094, Ukraine
| | - Georgios Skiniotis
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Structural Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, US
| | - Andrew C Kruse
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brian K Shoichet
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Bryan L Roth
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7365, USA
- National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program (NIMH PDSP), School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7365, USA
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7360, USA
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14
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Cebi E, Lee J, Subramani VK, Bak N, Oh C, Kim KK. Cryo-electron microscopy-based drug design. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1342179. [PMID: 38501110 PMCID: PMC10945328 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1342179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Structure-based drug design (SBDD) has gained popularity owing to its ability to develop more potent drugs compared to conventional drug-discovery methods. The success of SBDD relies heavily on obtaining the three-dimensional structures of drug targets. X-ray crystallography is the primary method used for solving structures and aiding the SBDD workflow; however, it is not suitable for all targets. With the resolution revolution, enabling routine high-resolution reconstruction of structures, cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has emerged as a promising alternative and has attracted increasing attention in SBDD. Cryo-EM offers various advantages over X-ray crystallography and can potentially replace X-ray crystallography in SBDD. To fully utilize cryo-EM in drug discovery, understanding the strengths and weaknesses of this technique and noting the key advancements in the field are crucial. This review provides an overview of the general workflow of cryo-EM in SBDD and highlights technical innovations that enable its application in drug design. Furthermore, the most recent achievements in the cryo-EM methodology for drug discovery are discussed, demonstrating the potential of this technique for advancing drug development. By understanding the capabilities and advancements of cryo-EM, researchers can leverage the benefits of designing more effective drugs. This review concludes with a discussion of the future perspectives of cryo-EM-based SBDD, emphasizing the role of this technique in driving innovations in drug discovery and development. The integration of cryo-EM into the drug design process holds great promise for accelerating the discovery of new and improved therapeutic agents to combat various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Changsuk Oh
- Department of Precision Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Kyu Kim
- Department of Precision Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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15
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Majumdar S, Chiu YT, Pickett JE, Roth BL. Illuminating the understudied GPCR-ome. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:103848. [PMID: 38052317 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the target of >30% of approved drugs. Despite their popularity, many of the >800 human GPCRs remain understudied. The Illuminating the Druggable Genome (IDG) project has generated many tools leading to important insights into the function and druggability of these so-called 'dark' receptors. These tools include assays, such as PRESTO-TANGO and TRUPATH, billions of small molecules made available via the ZINC virtual library, solved orphan GPCR structures, GPCR knock-in mice, and more. Together, these tools are illuminating the remaining 'dark' GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreeparna Majumdar
- Department of Pharmacology, UNC Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Yi-Ting Chiu
- Department of Pharmacology, UNC Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Julie E Pickett
- Department of Pharmacology, UNC Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Bryan L Roth
- Department of Pharmacology, UNC Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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16
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Hou Y, Lu J, Yi M, Cui X, Cao L, Shi X, Wang P, Zhou N, Zhang P, Wang C, He H, Che D. Development of an environmentally sensitive fluorescent peptide probe for MrgX2 and application in ligand screening of peptide antibiotics. J Control Release 2024; 367:158-166. [PMID: 38253205 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are primary effector cells involved in immediate allergic reactions. Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor-X2 (MrgX2), which is highly expressed on MCs, is involved in receptor-mediated drug-induced pseudo-anaphylaxis. Many small-molecule drugs and peptides activate MrgX2, resulting in MC activation and allergic reactions. Although small-molecule drugs can be identified using existing MrgX2 ligand-screening systems, there is still a lack of effective means to screen peptide ligands. In this study, to screen for peptide drugs, the MrgX2 high-affinity endogenous peptide ligand substance P (SP) was used as a recognition group to design a fluorescent peptide probe. Spectroscopic properties and fluorescence imaging of the probe were assessed. The probe was then used to screen for MrgX2 agonists among peptide antibiotics. In addition, the effects of peptide antibiotics on MrgX2 activation were investigated in vivo and in vitro. The environment-sensitive property of the probe was revealed by the dramatic increase in fluorescence intensity after binding to the hydrophobic ligand-binding domain of MrgX2. Based on these characteristics, it can be used for in situ selective visualization of MrgX2 in live cells. The probe was used to screen ten types of peptide antibiotics, and we found that caspofungin and bacitracin could compete with the probe and are hence potential ligands of MrgX2. Pharmacological experiments confirmed this hypothesis; caspofungin and bacitracin activated MCs via MrgX2 in vitro and induced local anaphylaxis in mice. Our research can be expected to provide new ideas for screening MrgX2 peptide ligands and reveal the mechanisms of adverse reactions caused by peptide drugs, thereby laying the foundation for improving their clinical safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Hou
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, 710068 Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiayu Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710004 Xi'an, Shaanxi,China
| | - Mengyao Yi
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710004 Xi'an, Shaanxi,China
| | - Xia Cui
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, 710068 Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lu Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, 710068 Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xianpeng Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, 710068 Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Pengchong Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, 710068 Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Nan Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, 710068 Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, 710068 Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710004 Xi'an, Shaanxi,China
| | - Huaizhen He
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710004 Xi'an, Shaanxi,China.
| | - Delu Che
- Department of Dermatology, Northwest Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University Second Affiliated Hospital, 710000 Xi'an, Shaanxi, China..
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17
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Sharma KR, Colvis CM, Rodgers GP, Sheeley DM. Illuminating the druggable genome: Pathways to progress. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:103805. [PMID: 37890715 PMCID: PMC10939933 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2023.103805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
There are ∼4500 genes within the 'druggable genome', the subset of the human genome that expresses proteins able to bind drug-like molecules, yet existing drugs only target a few hundred. A substantial subset of druggable proteins are largely uncharacterized or understudied, with many falling within G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), ion channel, and kinase protein families. To improve scientific understanding of these three understudied protein families, the US National Institutes of Health launched the Illuminating the Druggable Genome Program. Now, as the program draws to a close, this review will lay out resources developed by the program that are intended to equip the scientific community with the tools necessary to explore previously understudied biology with the potential to rapidly impact human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlie R Sharma
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 6701 Democracy Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Christine M Colvis
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 6701 Democracy Blvd, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Griffin P Rodgers
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Douglas M Sheeley
- Office of Strategic Coordination, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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18
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Jia Q, Lv Y, Miao C, Feng J, Ding Y, Zhou T, Han S, He L. A new MAS-related G protein-coupled receptor X2 cell membrane chromatography analysis model based on HALO-tag technology and its applications. Talanta 2024; 268:125317. [PMID: 37879202 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Cell membrane chromatography (CMC) is an effective method for studying receptors with multiple transmembrane structure such as MAS-related G protein-coupled receptor X2 (MrgX2). CMC relies on the maintenance of the complete biological structure of a membrane receptor; however, it needs to be further improved to obtain a more convenient and stable CMC model. In the present study, the haloalkane dehalogenase protein tag (HALO-tag) technology was used to construct a new MrgX2/CMC model. The fusion receptors of MrgX2 with HALO-tag at the C terminus were expressed in HEK293 cells. The silica gel was modified with a substrate of HALO-tag (chloroalkanes) via one-step acylation for the rapid capture of fusion receptors. The new CMC model (MrgX2-HALO-tag/CMC model) was not only quicker to prepare but also more stable and had a longer lifespan than a previous MrgX2-SNAP-tag/CMC model. In combination with the high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) system, the MrgX2-HALO-tag/CMC model was used to screen and identify bioactive components in traditional Chinese medicine. Using this combination, sanggenon C and morusin were identified from Mori Cortex as anti-pseudo-allergic components. The MrgX2-HALO-tag/CMC model alone was also applied to analyze ligand-receptor interaction. The affinity order of four ligands to MrgX2 was as follows: desipramine < imipramine < amitriptyline < clomipramine. This was consistent with the results obtained using the MrgX2-SNAP-tag/CMC model. The MrgX2-HALO-tag/CMC model provides ideas and application prospects for the immobilization of cell membrane that contains receptors with more transmembrane structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Jia
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76# Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Western China Science &Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an, 710115, China
| | - Yanni Lv
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76# Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Western China Science &Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an, 710115, China
| | - Chenyang Miao
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76# Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Western China Science &Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an, 710115, China
| | - Jingting Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76# Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Western China Science &Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an, 710115, China
| | - Yifan Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76# Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Western China Science &Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an, 710115, China
| | - Tongpei Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76# Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Western China Science &Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an, 710115, China
| | - Shengli Han
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76# Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Western China Science &Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an, 710115, China.
| | - Langchong He
- School of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 76# Yanta West Road, Xi'an, 710061, China; Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Western China Science &Technology Innovation Harbour, Xi'an, 710115, China.
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19
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Kumar S, Teli MK, Kim MH. GPCR-IPL score: multilevel featurization of GPCR-ligand interaction patterns and prediction of ligand functions from selectivity to biased activation. Brief Bioinform 2024; 25:bbae105. [PMID: 38517694 PMCID: PMC10959162 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbae105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) mediate diverse cell signaling cascades after recognizing extracellular ligands. Despite the successful history of known GPCR drugs, a lack of mechanistic insight into GPCR challenges both the deorphanization of some GPCRs and optimization of the structure-activity relationship of their ligands. Notably, replacing a small substituent on a GPCR ligand can significantly alter extracellular GPCR-ligand interaction patterns and motion of transmembrane helices in turn to occur post-binding events of the ligand. In this study, we designed 3D multilevel features to describe the extracellular interaction patterns. Subsequently, these 3D features were utilized to predict the post-binding events that result from conformational dynamics from the extracellular to intracellular areas. To understand the adaptability of GPCR ligands, we collected the conformational information of flexible residues during binding and performed molecular featurization on a broad range of GPCR-ligand complexes. As a result, we developed GPCR-ligand interaction patterns, binding pockets, and ligand features as score (GPCR-IPL score) for predicting the functional selectivity of GPCR ligands (agonism versus antagonism), using the multilevel features of (1) zoomed-out 'residue level' (for flexible transmembrane helices of GPCRs), (2) zoomed-in 'pocket level' (for sophisticated mode of action) and (3) 'atom level' (for the conformational adaptability of GPCR ligands). GPCR-IPL score demonstrated reliable performance, achieving area under the receiver operating characteristic of 0.938 and area under the precision-recall curve of 0.907 (available in gpcr-ipl-score.onrender.com). Furthermore, we used the molecular features to predict the biased activation of downstream signaling (Gi/o, Gq/11, Gs and β-arrestin) as well as the functional selectivity. The resulting models are interpreted and applied to out-of-set validation with three scenarios including the identification of a new MRGPRX antagonist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surendra Kumar
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science & Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoeiro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mahesh K Teli
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science & Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoeiro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-hyun Kim
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Science & Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, 191 Hambakmoeiro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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20
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Gour N, Dong X. The MRGPR family of receptors in immunity. Immunity 2024; 57:28-39. [PMID: 38198852 PMCID: PMC10825802 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2023.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The discovery of Mas-related G protein-coupled receptors (Mrgprs) has opened a compelling chapter in our understanding of immunity and sensory biology. This family of receptors, with their unique expression and diverse ligands, has emerged as key players in inflammatory states and hold the potential to alleviate human diseases. This review will focus on the members of this receptor family expressed on immune cells and how they govern immune and neuro-immune pathways underlying various physiological and pathological states. Immune cell-specific Mrgprs have been shown to control a variety of manifestations, including adverse drug reactions, inflammatory conditions, bacterial immunity, and the sensing of environmental exposures like allergens and irritants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naina Gour
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Xinzhong Dong
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
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21
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Al Hamwi G, Namasivayam V, Büschbell B, Gedschold R, Golz S, Müller CE. Proinflammatory chemokine CXCL14 activates MAS-related G protein-coupled receptor MRGPRX2 and its putative mouse ortholog MRGPRB2. Commun Biol 2024; 7:52. [PMID: 38184723 PMCID: PMC10771525 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05739-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis show a strongly upregulated expression of chemokine CXCL14, whose target is still unknown. Screening of CXCL14 in a panel of human G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) revealed its potent and selective activation of the orphan MAS-related GPCR X2 (MRGPRX2). This receptor is expressed on mast cells and - like CXCL14 - upregulated in bronchial inflammation. CXCL14 induces robust activation of MRGPRX2 and its putative mouse ortholog MRGPRB2 in G protein-dependent and β-arrestin recruitment assays that is blocked by a selective MRGPRX2/B2 antagonist. Truncation combined with mutagenesis and computational studies identified the pharmacophoric sequence of CXCL14 and its presumed interaction with the receptor. Intriguingly, C-terminal domain sequences of CXCL14 consisting of 4 to 11 amino acids display similar or increased potency and efficacy compared to the full CXCL14 sequence (77 amino acids). These results provide a rational basis for the future development of potential idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazl Al Hamwi
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Vigneshwaran Namasivayam
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Beatriz Büschbell
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Robin Gedschold
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Golz
- Lead Identification & Characterization, Pharma Research and Development Center, Bayer AG, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Christa E Müller
- PharmaCenter Bonn, Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121, Bonn, Germany.
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22
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Lei Y, Guo X, Luo Y, Niu X, Xi Y, Xiao L, He D, Bian Y, Zhang Y, Wang L, Peng X, Wang Z, Chen G. Synovial microenvironment-influenced mast cells promote the progression of rheumatoid arthritis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:113. [PMID: 38168103 PMCID: PMC10761862 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44304-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are phenotypically and functionally heterogeneous, and their state is possibly controlled by local microenvironment. Therefore, specific analyses are needed to understand whether mast cells function as powerful participants or dispensable bystanders in specific diseases. Here, we show that degranulation of mast cells in inflammatory synovial tissues of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is induced via MAS-related G protein-coupled receptor X2 (MRGPRX2), and the expression of MHC class II and costimulatory molecules on mast cells are upregulated. Collagen-induced arthritis mice treated with a combination of anti-IL-17A and cromolyn sodium, a mast cell membrane stabilizer, show significantly reduced clinical severity and decreased bone erosion. The findings of the present study suggest that synovial microenvironment-influenced mast cells contribute to disease progression and may provide a further mast cell-targeting therapy for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxuan Lei
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Guo
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanping Luo
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyin Niu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yebin Xi
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai, China
| | - Lianbo Xiao
- Department of Joint Surgery, Guanghua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongyi He
- Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Rheumatology, Guanghua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanqin Bian
- Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaochun Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhaojun Wang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai, China.
| | - Guangjie Chen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai, China.
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23
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Shumate AD, Farrens DL. A rapid, tag-free way to purify functional GPCRs. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105558. [PMID: 38097184 PMCID: PMC10820827 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play diverse signaling roles and represent major pharmaceutical targets. Consequently, they are the focus of intense study, and numerous advances have been made in their handling and analysis. However, a universal way to purify GPCRs has remained elusive, in part because of their inherent instability when isolated from cells. To address this, we have developed a general, rapid, and tag-free way to purify GPCRs. The method uses short peptide analogs of the Gα subunit C terminus (Gα-CT) that are attached to chromatography beads (Gα-CT resin). Because the Gα-CT peptides bind active GPCRs with high affinity, the Gα-CT resin selectively purifies only active functional receptors. We use this method to purify both rhodopsin and the β2-adrenergic receptor and show they can be purified in either active conformations or inactive conformations, simply by varying elution conditions. While simple in concept-leveraging the conserved GPCR-Gα-CT binding interaction for the purpose of GPCR purification-we think this approach holds excellent potential to isolate functional receptors for a myriad of uses, from structural biology to proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony D Shumate
- Department of Chemical Biology and Physiology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - David L Farrens
- Department of Chemical Biology and Physiology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.
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24
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Hanson J. Beware the Receptor Variants. J Med Chem 2023; 66:15671-15673. [PMID: 37975421 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The MAS-related genes (also known as MRGPRs) are a complex family of G protein-coupled receptors initially discovered in sensory neurons. Most of them are orphans, which means that they have no known validated endogenous ligands. Although MRGPRs bear great potential as drug targets, notably in itch and nociception, their study has been hampered by the scarcity or absence of potent and selective ligands, especially for the primate-specific MRGPRX subfamily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Hanson
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, GIGA-Molecular Biology of Diseases and Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Medicines (CIRM), University of Liège, Liège B-4000, Belgium
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25
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Marx D, Alnouri MW, Clemens S, Gedschold R, Riedel Y, Al Hamwi G, Pillaiyar T, Hockemeyer J, Namasivayam V, Müller CE. Discovery of Potent Agonists for the Predominant Variant of the Orphan MAS-Related G Protein-Coupled Receptor X4 (MRGPRX4). J Med Chem 2023; 66:15674-15698. [PMID: 37967029 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
The MAS-related Gq protein-coupled receptor X4 (MRGPRX4) is poorly investigated. MRGPRX4 has been proposed to be involved in pain transmission, itch, inflammation, wound healing, and cancer. However, so far only a few moderately potent, nonselective MRGPRX4 agonists have been described, most of which appear to preferably activate the minor receptor variant MRGPRX4-83L but not the main variant 83S. In the present study, we discovered a xanthine derivative bearing a phosphate substituent that activates the main variant of MRGPRX4. Optimization resulted in analogs with high potency and metabolic stability. The best compounds of the present series include 8-(m-methoxyphenethyl)-1-propargylxanthine substituted with a butyl linker in the 3-position containing a terminal phosphonate (30d, PSB-22034, EC50 Ca2+ assay/β-arrestin assay, 11.2 nM/32.0 nM) and its N7-methyl derivative 31d (PSB-22040, EC50, 19.2/30.0 nM) showing high selectivity versus all other MRGPRX subtypes. They present promising tool compounds for exploring the potential of MRGPRX4 as a future drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Marx
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
- PharmaCenter Bonn, University of Bonn, Brühler Straße 7, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Mohamed Wessam Alnouri
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
- PharmaCenter Bonn, University of Bonn, Brühler Straße 7, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Sophie Clemens
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
- PharmaCenter Bonn, University of Bonn, Brühler Straße 7, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Robin Gedschold
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
- PharmaCenter Bonn, University of Bonn, Brühler Straße 7, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Yvonne Riedel
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
- PharmaCenter Bonn, University of Bonn, Brühler Straße 7, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ghazl Al Hamwi
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
- PharmaCenter Bonn, University of Bonn, Brühler Straße 7, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Thanigaimalai Pillaiyar
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
- PharmaCenter Bonn, University of Bonn, Brühler Straße 7, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jörg Hockemeyer
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
- PharmaCenter Bonn, University of Bonn, Brühler Straße 7, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Vigneshwaran Namasivayam
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
- PharmaCenter Bonn, University of Bonn, Brühler Straße 7, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christa E Müller
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical & Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
- PharmaCenter Bonn, University of Bonn, Brühler Straße 7, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
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26
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Muratspahić E, Deibler K, Han J, Tomašević N, Jadhav KB, Olivé-Marti AL, Hochrainer N, Hellinger R, Koehbach J, Fay JF, Rahman MH, Hegazy L, Craven TW, Varga BR, Bhardwaj G, Appourchaux K, Majumdar S, Muttenthaler M, Hosseinzadeh P, Craik DJ, Spetea M, Che T, Baker D, Gruber CW. Design and structural validation of peptide-drug conjugate ligands of the kappa-opioid receptor. Nat Commun 2023; 14:8064. [PMID: 38052802 PMCID: PMC10698194 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43718-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the increasing number of GPCR structures and recent advances in peptide design, the development of efficient technologies allowing rational design of high-affinity peptide ligands for single GPCRs remains an unmet challenge. Here, we develop a computational approach for designing conjugates of lariat-shaped macrocyclized peptides and a small molecule opioid ligand. We demonstrate its feasibility by discovering chemical scaffolds for the kappa-opioid receptor (KOR) with desired pharmacological activities. The designed De Novo Cyclic Peptide (DNCP)-β-naloxamine (NalA) exhibit in vitro potent mixed KOR agonism/mu-opioid receptor (MOR) antagonism, nanomolar binding affinity, selectivity, and efficacy bias at KOR. Proof-of-concept in vivo efficacy studies demonstrate that DNCP-β-NalA(1) induces a potent KOR-mediated antinociception in male mice. The high-resolution cryo-EM structure (2.6 Å) of the DNCP-β-NalA-KOR-Gi1 complex and molecular dynamics simulations are harnessed to validate the computational design model. This reveals a network of residues in ECL2/3 and TM6/7 controlling the intrinsic efficacy of KOR. In general, our computational de novo platform overcomes extensive lead optimization encountered in ultra-large library docking and virtual small molecule screening campaigns and offers innovation for GPCR ligand discovery. This may drive the development of next-generation therapeutics for medical applications such as pain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edin Muratspahić
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Kristine Deibler
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Novo Nordisk Research Center Seattle, Novo Nordisk A/S, 530 Fairview Ave N #5000, Seattle, WA, 97403, USA
| | - Jianming Han
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences & Pharmacy at St. Louis and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Nataša Tomašević
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kirtikumar B Jadhav
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Aina-Leonor Olivé-Marti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Nadine Hochrainer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Roland Hellinger
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Koehbach
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty for Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Jonathan F Fay
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Mohammad Homaidur Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, Saint Louis College of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences & Pharmacy in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Lamees Hegazy
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, Saint Louis College of Pharmacy, University of Health Sciences & Pharmacy in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Timothy W Craven
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Balazs R Varga
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences & Pharmacy at St. Louis and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Gaurav Bhardwaj
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Kevin Appourchaux
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences & Pharmacy at St. Louis and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Susruta Majumdar
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences & Pharmacy at St. Louis and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Markus Muttenthaler
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Parisa Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Bioengineering, Knight Campus, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403, USA
| | - David J Craik
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Mariana Spetea
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Tao Che
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences & Pharmacy at St. Louis and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| | - David Baker
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, WA, 98195, USA.
| | - Christian W Gruber
- Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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27
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Hu M, Scheffel J, Elieh-Ali-Komi D, Maurer M, Hawro T, Metz M. An update on mechanisms of pruritus and their potential treatment in primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:4177-4197. [PMID: 37555911 PMCID: PMC10725374 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01141-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Primary cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL), which include mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sézary syndrome (SS), are a group of lymphoproliferative disorders characterized by clonal accumulation of neoplastic T-lymphocytes in the skin. Severe pruritus, one of the most common and distressing symptoms in primary CTCL, can significantly impair emotional well-being, physical functioning, and interpersonal relationships, thus greatly reducing quality of life. Unfortunately, effectively managing pruritus remains challenging in CTCL patients as the underlying mechanisms are, as of yet, not fully understood. Previous studies investigating the mechanisms of itch in CTCL have identified several mediators and their corresponding antagonists used for treatment. However, a comprehensive overview of the mediators and receptors contributing to pruritus in primary CTCL is lacking in the current literature. Here, we summarize and review the mediators and receptors that may contribute to pruritus in primary CTCL to explore the mechanisms of CTCL pruritus and identify effective therapeutic targets using the PubMed and Web of Science databases. Studies were included if they described itch mediators and receptors in MF and SS. Overall, the available data suggest that proteases (mainly tryptase), and neuropeptides (particularly Substance P) may be of greatest interest. At the receptor level, cytokine receptors, MRGPRs, and TRP channels are most likely important. Future drug development efforts should concentrate on targeting these mediators and receptors for the treatment of CTCL pruritus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Hu
- Institute of Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 27, 12203, Berlin, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg Scheffel
- Institute of Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 27, 12203, Berlin, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Elieh-Ali-Komi
- Institute of Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 27, 12203, Berlin, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus Maurer
- Institute of Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 27, 12203, Berlin, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tomasz Hawro
- Department of Dermatology, Allergology and Venereology, Institute and Comprehensive Center for Inflammation Medicine, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany.
| | - Martin Metz
- Institute of Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Hindenburgdamm 27, 12203, Berlin, Germany.
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany.
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28
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Du X, Che D, Peng B, Zheng Y, Hao Y, Jia T, Zhang X, Geng S. Dual effect of tacrolimus on mast cell-mediated allergy and inflammation through Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X2. J Dermatol Sci 2023; 112:128-137. [PMID: 37953179 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2023.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Topical tacrolimus, although widely used in the treatment of dermatoses, presents with an immediate irritation on initial application resembling a pseudo-allergic reaction. Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor X2 (MRGPRX2) in mast cells (MCs) mediates drug-induced pseudo-allergic reaction and immunoglobulin E (IgE)-independent pruritis in chronic skin diseases. However, the immunosuppression mechanism of tacrolimus on MCs via MRGPRX2 has not been reported. OBJECTIVE To investigate the role of MRGPRX2 and the mechanism of action of tacrolimus on its short-term and long-term applications. METHODS Wild-type mice, KitW-sh/W-sh mice, and MrgprB2-deficient (MUT) mice were used to study the effect of tacrolimus on in vivo anaphylaxis model. LAD2 cells and MRGPRX2-knockdown LAD2 cells were specifically used to derive the associated mechanism of the tacrolimus effect. RESULTS Short-term application of tacrolimus triggers IgE-independent activation of MCs via MRGPRX2/B2 in both in vivo and in vitro experiments. Tacrolimus binds to MRGPRX2, which was verified by fluorescently labeled tacrolimus in cells. On long-term treatment with tacrolimus, the initial allergic reaction fades away corresponding with the downregulation of MRGPRX2, which leads to decreased release of inflammatory cytokines (P < 0.05 to P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Short-term treatment with tacrolimus induces pseudo-allergic reaction via MRGPRX2/B2 in MCs, whereas long-term treatment downregulates expression of MRGPRX2/B2, which may contribute to its potent immunosuppressive effect in the treatment of various skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueshan Du
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Delu Che
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Center for Dermatology Disease, Precision Medical Institute, Xi'an, China
| | - Bin Peng
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yong Hao
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Tao Jia
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Songmei Geng
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Center for Dermatology Disease, Precision Medical Institute, Xi'an, China.
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29
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Che T, Roth BL. Molecular basis of opioid receptor signaling. Cell 2023; 186:5203-5219. [PMID: 37995655 PMCID: PMC10710086 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Opioids are used for pain management despite the side effects that contribute to the opioid crisis. The pursuit of non-addictive opioid analgesics remains unattained due to the unresolved intricacies of opioid actions, receptor signaling cascades, and neuronal plasticity. Advancements in structural, molecular, and computational tools illuminate the dynamic interplay between opioids and opioid receptors, as well as the molecular determinants of signaling pathways, which are potentially interlinked with pharmacological responses. Here, we review the molecular basis of opioid receptor signaling with a focus on the structures of opioid receptors bound to endogenous peptides or pharmacological agents. These insights unveil specific interactions that dictate ligand selectivity and likely their distinctive pharmacological profiles. Biochemical analysis further unveils molecular features governing opioid receptor signaling. Simultaneously, the synergy between computational biology and medicinal chemistry continues to expedite the discovery of novel chemotypes with the promise of yielding more efficacious and safer opioid compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Che
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA; Center for Clinical Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences & Pharmacy and Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Bryan L Roth
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill 27599, NC, USA.
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30
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Dhakal A, Gyawali R, Wang L, Cheng J. CryoTransformer: A Transformer Model for Picking Protein Particles from Cryo-EM Micrographs. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.19.563155. [PMID: 37961171 PMCID: PMC10634673 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.19.563155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) is a powerful technique for determining the structures of large protein complexes. Picking single protein particles from cryo-EM micrographs (images) is a crucial step in reconstructing protein structures from them. However, the widely used template-based particle picking process requires some manual particle picking and is labor-intensive and time-consuming. Though machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI) can potentially automate particle picking, the current AI methods pick particles with low precision or low recall. The erroneously picked particles can severely reduce the quality of reconstructed protein structures, especially for the micrographs with low signal-to-noise (SNR) ratios. To address these shortcomings, we devised CryoTransformer based on transformers, residual networks, and image processing techniques to accurately pick protein particles from cryo-EM micrographs. CryoTransformer was trained and tested on the largest labelled cryo-EM protein particle dataset - CryoPPP. It outperforms the current state-of-the-art machine learning methods of particle picking in terms of the resolution of 3D density maps reconstructed from the picked particles as well as F1-score and is poised to facilitate the automation of the cryo-EM protein particle picking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin Dhakal
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Rajan Gyawali
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Liguo Wang
- Laboratory for BioMolecular Structure (LBMS), Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Jianlin Cheng
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
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31
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Poger D, Yen L, Braet F. Big data in contemporary electron microscopy: challenges and opportunities in data transfer, compute and management. Histochem Cell Biol 2023; 160:169-192. [PMID: 37052655 PMCID: PMC10492738 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-023-02191-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
The second decade of the twenty-first century witnessed a new challenge in the handling of microscopy data. Big data, data deluge, large data, data compliance, data analytics, data integrity, data interoperability, data retention and data lifecycle are terms that have introduced themselves to the electron microscopy sciences. This is largely attributed to the booming development of new microscopy hardware tools. As a result, large digital image files with an average size of one terabyte within one single acquisition session is not uncommon nowadays, especially in the field of cryogenic electron microscopy. This brings along numerous challenges in data transfer, compute and management. In this review, we will discuss in detail the current state of international knowledge on big data in contemporary electron microscopy and how big data can be transferred, computed and managed efficiently and sustainably. Workflows, solutions, approaches and suggestions will be provided, with the example of the latest experiences in Australia. Finally, important principles such as data integrity, data lifetime and the FAIR and CARE principles will be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Poger
- Microscopy Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| | - Lisa Yen
- Microscopy Australia, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Filip Braet
- Australian Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences (Molecular and Cellular Biomedicine), The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
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32
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Guo L, Zhang Y, Fang G, Tie L, Zhuang Y, Xue C, Liu Q, Zhang M, Zhu K, You C, Xu P, Yuan Q, Zhang C, Liu L, Rong N, Peng S, Liu Y, Wang C, Luo X, Lv Z, Kang D, Yu X, Zhang C, Jiang Y, Dong X, Zhou J, Liu Z, Yang F, Eric Xu H, Sun JP. Ligand recognition and G protein coupling of the human itch receptor MRGPRX1. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5004. [PMID: 37591889 PMCID: PMC10435460 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40705-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
MRGPRX1, a Mas-related GPCR (MRGPR), is a key receptor for itch perception and targeting MRGPRX1 may have potential to treat both chronic itch and pain. Here we report cryo-EM structures of the MRGPRX1-Gi1 and MRGPRX1-Gq trimers in complex with two peptide ligands, BAM8-22 and CNF-Tx2. These structures reveal a shallow orthosteric pocket and its conformational plasticity for sensing multiple different peptidic itch allergens. Distinct from MRGPRX2, MRGPRX1 contains a unique pocket feature at the extracellular ends of TM3 and TM4 to accommodate the peptide C-terminal "RF/RY" motif, which could serve as key mechanisms for peptidic allergen recognition. Below the ligand binding pocket, the G6.48XP6.50F6.51G6.52X(2)F/W6.55 motif is essential for the inward tilting of the upper end of TM6 to induce receptor activation. Moreover, structural features inside the ligand pocket and on the cytoplasmic side of MRGPRX1 are identified as key elements for both Gi and Gq signaling. Collectively, our studies provide structural insights into understanding itch sensation, MRGPRX1 activation, and downstream G protein signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Guo
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yumu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Guoxing Fang
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lu Tie
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuming Zhuang
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chenyang Xue
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Minghui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Kongkai Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Chongzhao You
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Peiyu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingning Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Naikang Rong
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Shengxuan Peng
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Chuanzheng Wang
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xin Luo
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zongyao Lv
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Dongwei Kang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinzhong Dong
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jiuyao Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Zhongmin Liu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Fan Yang
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - H Eric Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jin-Peng Sun
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China.
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University and Beijing Key Laboratory of Tumor Systems Biology, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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33
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Schmitz GP, Roth BL. G protein-coupled receptors as targets for transformative neuropsychiatric therapeutics. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 325:C17-C28. [PMID: 37067459 PMCID: PMC10281788 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00397.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) constitute the largest family of druggable genes in the human genome. Even though perhaps 30% of approved medications target GPCRs, they interact with only a small number of them. Here, we consider whether there might be new opportunities for transformative therapeutics for neuropsychiatric disorders by specifically targeting both known and understudied GPCRs. Using psychedelic drugs that target serotonin receptors as an example, we show how recent insights into the structure, function, signaling, and cell biology of these receptors have led to potentially novel therapeutics. We next focus on the possibility that nonpsychedelic 5-HT2A receptor agonists might prove to be safe and rapidly acting antidepressants. Finally, we examine understudied and orphan GPCRs using the MRGPR family of receptors as an example.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin P Schmitz
- Department of Pharmacology, UNC Chapel Hill Medical School, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
| | - Bryan L Roth
- Department of Pharmacology, UNC Chapel Hill Medical School, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States
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34
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Dhakal A, Gyawali R, Wang L, Cheng J. A large expert-curated cryo-EM image dataset for machine learning protein particle picking. Sci Data 2023; 10:392. [PMID: 37349345 PMCID: PMC10287764 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02280-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) is a powerful technique for determining the structures of biological macromolecular complexes. Picking single-protein particles from cryo-EM micrographs is a crucial step in reconstructing protein structures. However, the widely used template-based particle picking process is labor-intensive and time-consuming. Though machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI) based particle picking can potentially automate the process, its development is hindered by lack of large, high-quality labelled training data. To address this bottleneck, we present CryoPPP, a large, diverse, expert-curated cryo-EM image dataset for protein particle picking and analysis. It consists of labelled cryo-EM micrographs (images) of 34 representative protein datasets selected from the Electron Microscopy Public Image Archive (EMPIAR). The dataset is 2.6 terabytes and includes 9,893 high-resolution micrographs with labelled protein particle coordinates. The labelling process was rigorously validated through 2D particle class validation and 3D density map validation with the gold standard. The dataset is expected to greatly facilitate the development of both AI and classical methods for automated cryo-EM protein particle picking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashwin Dhakal
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Rajan Gyawali
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Liguo Wang
- Laboratory for BioMolecular Structure (LBMS), Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Jianlin Cheng
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
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35
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Guo L, Cheng J, Lian S, Liu Q, Lu Y, Zheng Y, Zhu K, Zhang M, Kong Y, Zhang C, Rong N, Zhuang Y, Fang G, Jiang J, Zhang T, Han X, Liu Z, Xia M, Liu S, Zhang L, Liberles SD, Yu X, Xu Y, Yang F, Li Q, Sun JP. Structural basis of amine odorant perception by a mammal olfactory receptor. Nature 2023; 618:193-200. [PMID: 37225986 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06106-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Odorants are detected as smell in the nasal epithelium of mammals by two G-protein-coupled receptor families, the odorant receptors and the trace amine-associated receptors1,2 (TAARs). TAARs emerged following the divergence of jawed and jawless fish, and comprise a large monophyletic family of receptors that recognize volatile amine odorants to elicit both intraspecific and interspecific innate behaviours such as attraction and aversion3-5. Here we report cryo-electron microscopy structures of mouse TAAR9 (mTAAR9) and mTAAR9-Gs or mTAAR9-Golf trimers in complex with β-phenylethylamine, N,N-dimethylcyclohexylamine or spermidine. The mTAAR9 structures contain a deep and tight ligand-binding pocket decorated with a conserved D3.32W6.48Y7.43 motif, which is essential for amine odorant recognition. In the mTAAR9 structure, a unique disulfide bond connecting the N terminus to ECL2 is required for agonist-induced receptor activation. We identify key structural motifs of TAAR family members for detecting monoamines and polyamines and the shared sequence of different TAAR members that are responsible for recognition of the same odour chemical. We elucidate the molecular basis of mTAAR9 coupling to Gs and Golf by structural characterization and mutational analysis. Collectively, our results provide a structural basis for odorant detection, receptor activation and Golf coupling of an amine olfactory receptor.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Mice
- Biogenic Amines/analysis
- Biogenic Amines/chemistry
- Biogenic Amines/metabolism
- Cryoelectron Microscopy
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs/chemistry
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs/metabolism
- GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gs/ultrastructure
- Odorants/analysis
- Olfactory Perception/physiology
- Polyamines/analysis
- Polyamines/chemistry
- Polyamines/metabolism
- Receptors, Biogenic Amine/chemistry
- Receptors, Biogenic Amine/genetics
- Receptors, Biogenic Amine/metabolism
- Receptors, Biogenic Amine/ultrastructure
- Receptors, Odorant/chemistry
- Receptors, Odorant/genetics
- Receptors, Odorant/metabolism
- Receptors, Odorant/ultrastructure
- Smell/physiology
- Spermidine/analysis
- Spermidine/chemistry
- Spermidine/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Guo
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Meili Lake Translational Research Park, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Cheng
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Meili Lake Translational Research Park, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Shuo Lian
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qun Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yuan Zheng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Kongkai Zhu
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Meili Lake Translational Research Park, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Minghui Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yalei Kong
- Songjiang Institute and Songjiang Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health in Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Naikang Rong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yuming Zhuang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Guoxing Fang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jingjing Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Tianyao Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiang Han
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Meili Lake Translational Research Park, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zili Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Ming Xia
- Department of Otolaryngology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Shangming Liu
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Meili Lake Translational Research Park, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Stephen D Liberles
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xiao Yu
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yunfei Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.
| | - Fan Yang
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Meili Lake Translational Research Park, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China.
| | - Qian Li
- Songjiang Institute and Songjiang Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health in Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Research Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jin-Peng Sun
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Meili Lake Translational Research Park, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shandong University School of Medicine, Jinan, China.
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.
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36
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Gan B, Yu L, Yang H, Jiao H, Pang B, Chen Y, Wang C, Lv R, Hu H, Cao Z, Ren R. Mechanism of agonist-induced activation of the human itch receptor MRGPRX1. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3001975. [PMID: 37347749 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mas-related G-protein-coupled receptors X1-X4 (MRGPRX1-X4) are 4 primate-specific receptors that are recently reported to be responsible for many biological processes, including itch sensation, pain transmission, and inflammatory reactions. MRGPRX1 is the first identified human MRGPR, and its expression is restricted to primary sensory neurons. Due to its dual roles in itch and pain signaling pathways, MRGPRX1 has been regarded as a promising target for itch remission and pain inhibition. Here, we reported a cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of Gq-coupled MRGPRX1 in complex with a synthetic agonist compound 16 in an active conformation at an overall resolution of 3.0 Å via a NanoBiT tethering strategy. Compound 16 is a new pain-relieving compound with high potency and selectivity to MRGPRX1 over other MRGPRXs and opioid receptor. MRGPRX1 was revealed to share common structural features of the Gq-mediated receptor activation mechanism of MRGPRX family members, but the variable residues in orthosteric pocket of MRGPRX1 exhibit the unique agonist recognition pattern, potentially facilitating to design MRGPRX1-specific modulators. Together with receptor activation and itch behavior evaluation assays, our study provides a structural snapshot to modify therapeutic molecules for itch relieving and analgesia targeting MRGPRX1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Gan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- The Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Leiye Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haifeng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Wuhan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haizhan Jiao
- The Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Bin Pang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Lv
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongli Hu
- The Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhijian Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Wuhan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ruobing Ren
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute, Shanghai, China
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Furutani K, Chen O, McGinnis A, Wang Y, Serhan CN, Hansen TV, Ji RR. Novel proresolving lipid mediator mimetic 3-oxa-PD1n-3 docosapentaenoic acid reduces acute and chronic itch by modulating excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission and astroglial secretion of lipocalin-2 in mice. Pain 2023; 164:1340-1354. [PMID: 36378290 PMCID: PMC10182233 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Specialized proresolving mediators (SPMs) have demonstrated potent analgesic actions in animal models of pathological pain. The actions of SPMs in acute and chronic itch are currently unknown. Recently, n-3 docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) was found to be a substrate for the biosynthesis of several novel families of SPMs and 3-oxa-PD1 n-3 DPA (3-oxa-PD1) is an oxidation-resistant metabolic stable analogue of the n-3 DPA-derived protectin D1 (PD1). In this article, we demonstrate that 3-oxa-PD1 effectively reduces both acute and chronic itch in mouse models. Intrathecal injection of 3-oxa-PD1 (100 ng) reduced acute itch induced by histamine, chloroquine, or morphine. Furthermore, intrathecal 3-oxa-PD1 effectively reduced chronic itch, induced by cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), allergic contact dermatitis with dinitrofluorobenzene, and psoriasis by imiquimod. Intratumoral injection of 3-oxa-PD1 also suppressed CTCL-induced chronic itch. Strikingly, the antipruritic effect lasted for several weeks after 1-week intrathecal 3-oxa-PD1 treatment. Whole-cell recordings revealed significant increase in excitatory postsynaptic currents in spinal dorsal horn (SDH) neurons of CTCL mice, but this increase was blocked by 3-oxa-PD1. 3-oxa-PD1 further increased inhibitory postsynaptic currents in SDH neurons of CTCL mice. Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma increased the spinal levels of lipocalin-2 (LCN2), an itch mediator produced by astrocytes. 3-oxa-PD1 suppressed LCN2 production in CTCL mice and LCN2 secretion in astrocytes. Finally, CTCL-induced anxiety was alleviated by intrathecal 3-oxa-PD1. Our findings suggest that 3-oxa-PD1 potently inhibits acute and chronic itch through the regulation of excitatory or inhibitory synaptic transmission and astroglial LCN2 production. Therefore, stable SPM analogs such as 3-oxa-PD1 could be useful to treat pruritus associated with different skin injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenta Furutani
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, and Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Ouyang Chen
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, and Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Aidan McGinnis
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, and Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Yuqing Wang
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, and Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
| | - Charles N Serhan
- Center for Experimental Therapeutics and Reperfusion Injury, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Hale Building for Transformative Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115
| | - Trond Vidar Hansen
- Department of Pharmacy, Section for Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Oslo, PO Box 1068 Blindern, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ru-Rong Ji
- Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, and Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710
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Gusach A, García-Nafría J, Tate CG. New insights into GPCR coupling and dimerisation from cryo-EM structures. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2023; 80:102574. [PMID: 36963163 PMCID: PMC10423944 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2023.102574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
Over the past three years (2020-2022) more structures of GPCRs have been determined than in the previous twenty years (2000-2019), primarily of GPCR complexes that are large enough for structure determination by single-particle cryo-EM. This review will present some structural highlights that have advanced our molecular understanding of promiscuous G protein coupling, how a G protein receptor kinase and β-arrestins couple to GPCRs, and GPCR dimerisation. We will also discuss advances in the use of gene fusions, nanobodies, and Fab fragments to facilitate the structure determination of GPCRs in the inactive state that, on their own, are too small for structure determination by single-particle cryo-EM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia Gusach
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 2QH, UK. https://twitter.com/GusachAnastasia
| | - Javier García-Nafría
- Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI) and Laboratorio de Microscopías Avanzadas (LMA), University of Zaragoza, 50018, Zaragoza, Spain. https://twitter.com/JGarciaNafria
| | - Christopher G Tate
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 2QH, UK.
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Zhang D, Liu Y, Zaidi SA, Xu L, Zhan Y, Chen A, Guo J, Huang X, Roth BL, Katritch V, Cherezov V, Zhang H. Structural insights into angiotensin receptor signaling modulation by balanced and biased agonists. EMBO J 2023; 42:e112940. [PMID: 37038975 PMCID: PMC10233375 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022112940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The peptide hormone angiotensin II regulates blood pressure mainly through the type 1 angiotensin II receptor AT1 R and its downstream signaling proteins Gq and β-arrestin. AT1 R blockers, clinically used as antihypertensive drugs, inhibit both signaling pathways, whereas AT1 R β-arrestin-biased agonists have shown great potential for the treatment of acute heart failure. Here, we present a cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure of the human AT1 R in complex with a balanced agonist, Sar1 -AngII, and Gq protein at 2.9 Å resolution. This structure, together with extensive functional assays and computational modeling, reveals the molecular mechanisms for AT1 R signaling modulation and suggests that a major hydrogen bond network (MHN) inside the receptor serves as a key regulator of AT1 R signal transduction from the ligand-binding pocket to both Gq and β-arrestin pathways. Specifically, we found that the MHN mutations N1113.35 A and N2947.45 A induce biased signaling to Gq and β-arrestin, respectively. These insights should facilitate AT1 R structure-based drug discovery for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqi Zhang
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti‐Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Yongfeng Liu
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of North Carolina School of MedicineChapel HillNCUSA
- National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program (NIMH PDSP)University of North Carolina School of MedicineChapel HillNCUSA
| | - Saheem A Zaidi
- Department of Quantitative and Computational BiologyUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Lingyi Xu
- Department of BiophysicsZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Department of Neurology of the Fourth Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Yuting Zhan
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti‐Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Anqi Chen
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti‐Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Jiangtao Guo
- Department of BiophysicsZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
- Department of Neurology of the Fourth Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
| | - Xi‐Ping Huang
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of North Carolina School of MedicineChapel HillNCUSA
- National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program (NIMH PDSP)University of North Carolina School of MedicineChapel HillNCUSA
| | - Bryan L Roth
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of North Carolina School of MedicineChapel HillNCUSA
- National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program (NIMH PDSP)University of North Carolina School of MedicineChapel HillNCUSA
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal ChemistryUniversity of North Carolina School of MedicineChapel HillNCUSA
| | - Vsevolod Katritch
- Department of Quantitative and Computational BiologyUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
- Department of Chemistry, Bridge InstituteUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Vadim Cherezov
- Department of Chemistry, Bridge InstituteUniversity of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Haitao Zhang
- Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti‐Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
- The Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouChina
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40
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Ding Y, Dang B, Zhang Y, Hu S, Wang Y, Zhao C, Zhang T, Gao Z. Paeonol attenuates Substance P-induced urticaria by inhibiting Src kinase phosphorylation in mast cells. Cell Immunol 2023; 388-389:104728. [PMID: 37224634 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2023.104728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment of chronic urticaria is challenging, the discovery of effective therapeutic drugs is urgently in demand. PURPOSE To study the effect and mechanism of Paeonol targeting mast cells and its therapeutic effect on chronic urticaria. STUDY DESIGN We developed a chronic urticaria model in vivo and mast cell model in vitro examined the effect of Paeonol in the treatment of chronic urticaria and its mechanism of action in mast cells. METHOD The anti-anaphylactoid effect of Paeonol was evaluated in PCA and systemic anaphylaxis models. The treatment role of Paeonol was studied in urticaria model. The release of cytokines and chemokines was measured using enzyme immunoassay kits. Western blot analysis was conducted to investigate phosphorylation of Src, PI3K, and PLC. In vitro kinase assays were conducted to investigate the kinase activity of Lyn, PLC, PI3K and Src. RESULTS In our study, Paeonol was able to attenuate evans blue leakage, serum histamine and chemokine release in a passive skin allergic reaction model. Simultaneously, Paeonol inhibited vasodilation and mast cell degranulation in C57BL/6 mice. Further research found that Paeonol alleviated symptoms such as erythema and rash in the Substance P-induced urticaria model, this is accompanied by inhibiting the release of related inflammatory factors. Validation experiments on mast cells in vitro found that Paeonol inhibited the activation of Src-PI3K/Lyn-PLC-NF-κB signaling pathway by crosslinking with Src kinase. Moreover, calcium influx, mast cell degranulation, cytokines generation and chemotaxis were reduced in LAD2 cells. Molecular docking experiments revealed that Paeonol is a specific antagonist targeting Src kinase in the treatment of skin diseases such as urticaria. CONCLUSION Paeonol, a herb-derived phenolic compound, can provide drug candidate for developing new drug in treatment of skin disease such as urticaria. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT In this study, we primarily examined the effect of Paeonol in the treatment of chronic urticaria and its mechanism of action in mast cells. Interestingly, Paeonol was found to regulate Src kinase activity downstream of MRGPRX2 triggered signaling cascade in mast cells. Therefore, this plant-derived phenolic compound may provide a therapeutic option for the treatment of chronic urticaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Ding
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Baowen Dang
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yonghui Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Shiting Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Yuejin Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Chenrui Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Zijun Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xi'an Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, China.
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Zahm AM, Owens WS, Himes SR, Rondem KE, Fallon BS, Gormick AN, Bloom JS, Kosuri S, Chan H, English JG. Discovery and Validation of Context-Dependent Synthetic Mammalian Promoters. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.11.539703. [PMID: 37214829 PMCID: PMC10197685 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.11.539703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Cellular transcription enables cells to adapt to various stimuli and maintain homeostasis. Transcription factors bind to transcription response elements (TREs) in gene promoters, initiating transcription. Synthetic promoters, derived from natural TREs, can be engineered to control exogenous gene expression using endogenous transcription machinery. This technology has found extensive use in biological research for applications including reporter gene assays, biomarker development, and programming synthetic circuits in living cells. However, a reliable and precise method for selecting minimally-sized synthetic promoters with desired background, amplitude, and stimulation response profiles has been elusive. In this study, we introduce a massively parallel reporter assay library containing 6184 synthetic promoters, each less than 250 bp in length. This comprehensive library allows for rapid identification of promoters with optimal transcriptional output parameters across multiple cell lines and stimuli. We showcase this library's utility to identify promoters activated in unique cell types, and in response to metabolites, mitogens, cellular toxins, and agonism of both aminergic and non-aminergic GPCRs. We further show these promoters can be used in luciferase reporter assays, eliciting 50-100 fold dynamic ranges in response to stimuli. Our platform is effective, easily implemented, and provides a solution for selecting short-length promoters with precise performance for a multitude of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam M. Zahm
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Samuel R. Himes
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Kathleen E. Rondem
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Braden S. Fallon
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Alexa N. Gormick
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | | | | | - Justin G. English
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Guo Y, Ollé L, Proaño-Pérez E, Aparicio C, Guerrero M, Muñoz-Cano R, Martín M. MRGPRX2 signaling involves the Lysyl-tRNA synthetase and MITF pathway. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1154108. [PMID: 37234172 PMCID: PMC10206166 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1154108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
MRGPRX2, a G-protein-coupled-seven transmembrane domain receptor, is mainly expressed in mast cells and neurons and is involved in skin immunity and pain. It is implicated in the pathophysiology of non-IgE-mediated immediate hypersensitivity and has been related to adverse drug reactions. Moreover, a role has been proposed in asthma, atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis, and chronic spontaneous urticaria. Although it has a prominent role in disease, its signaling transduction is poorly understood. This study shows that MRGPRX2 activation with substance P increased Lysyl t-RNA synthetase (LysRS) translocation to the nucleus. LysRS is a moonlighting protein with a dual role in protein translation and IgE signaling in mast cells. Upon allergen- IgE-FcεRI crosslinking, LysRS is translocated to the nucleus and activates microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) activity. In this study, we found that MRGPRX2 triggering led to MITF phosphorylation and increased MITF activity. Therefore, overexpression of LysRS increased MITF activity after MRGPRX2 activation. MITF silencing reduced MRGPRX2-dependent calcium influx and mast cell degranulation. Furthermore, a MITF pathway inhibitor, ML329, impaired MITF expression, calcium influx, and mast cell degranulation. Moreover, drugs such as atracurium, vancomycin, and morphine, reported to induce MRGPRX2-dependent degranulation, increased MITF activity. Altogether, our data show that MRGPRX2 signaling enhances MITF activity, and its abrogation by silencing or inhibition resulted in defective MRGPRX2 degranulation. We conclude that MRGPRX2 signaling involves the LysRS and MITF pathway. Thus, MITF and MITF-dependent targets may be considered therapeutic approaches to treat pathologies where MRGPRX2 is implicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanru Guo
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Biomedicine Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Clinical and Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy (IRCE), Institut d’Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laia Ollé
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Biomedicine Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Clinical and Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy (IRCE), Institut d’Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elizabeth Proaño-Pérez
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Biomedicine Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Clinical and Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy (IRCE), Institut d’Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Technical University of Ambato, Ambato, Ecuador
| | - Cristina Aparicio
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Biomedicine Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mario Guerrero
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Biomedicine Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosa Muñoz-Cano
- Clinical and Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy (IRCE), Institut d’Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Allergy Department, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Margarita Martín
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Biomedicine Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Clinical and Experimental Respiratory Immunoallergy (IRCE), Institut d’Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORS), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Raj S, Hlushak S, Arizmendi N, Kovalenko A, Kulka M. Substance P analogs devoid of key residues fail to activate human mast cells via MRGPRX2. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1155740. [PMID: 37228611 PMCID: PMC10203606 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1155740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cells play an important role in disease pathogenesis by secreting immunomodulatory molecules. Mast cells are primarily activated by the crosslinking of their high affinity IgE receptors (FcεRI) by antigen bound immunoglobulin (Ig)E antibody complexes. However, mast cells can also be activated by the mas related G protein-coupled receptor X2 (MRGPRX2), in response to a range of cationic secretagogues, such as substance P (SP), which is associated with pseudo-allergic reactions. We have previously reported that the in vitro activation of mouse mast cells by basic secretagogues is mediated by the mouse orthologue of the human MRGPRX2, MRGPRB2. To further elucidate the mechanism of MRGPRX2 activation, we studied the time-dependent internalization of MRGPRX2 by human mast cells (LAD2) upon stimulation with the neuropeptide SP. In addition, we performed computational studies to identify the intermolecular forces that facilitate ligand-MRGPRX2 interaction using SP. The computational predictions were tested experimentally by activating LAD2 with SP analogs, which were missing key amino acid residues. Our data suggest that mast cell activation by SP causes internalization of MRGPRX2 within 1 min of stimulation. Hydrogen bonds (h-bonds) and salt bridges govern the biding of SP to MRGPRX2. Arg1 and Lys3 in SP are key residues that are involved in both h-bonding and salt bridge formations with Glu164 and Asp184 of MRGPRX2, respectively. In accordance, SP analogs devoid of key residues (SP1 and SP2) failed to activate MRGPRX2 degranulation. However, both SP1 and SP2 caused a comparable release of chemokine CCL2. Further, SP analogs SP1, SP2 and SP4 did not activate tumor necrosis factor (TNF) production. We further show that SP1 and SP2 limit the activity of SP on mast cells. The results provide important mechanistic insight into the events that result in mast cell activation through MRGPRX2 and highlight the important physiochemical characteristics of a peptide ligand that facilitates ligand-MRGPRX2 interactions. The results are important in understanding activation through MRGPRX2, and the intermolecular forces that govern ligand-MRGPRX2 interaction. The elucidation of important physiochemical properties within a ligand that are needed for receptor interaction will aid in designing novel therapeutics and antagonists for MRGPRX2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shammy Raj
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Stepan Hlushak
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Narcy Arizmendi
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Andriy Kovalenko
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Marianna Kulka
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, National Research Council Canada, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Katz Group Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Han J, Zhang J, Nazarova AL, Bernhard SM, Krumm BE, Zhao L, Lam JH, Rangari VA, Majumdar S, Nichols DE, Katritch V, Yuan P, Fay JF, Che T. Ligand and G-protein selectivity in the κ-opioid receptor. Nature 2023; 617:417-425. [PMID: 37138078 PMCID: PMC10172140 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06030-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The κ-opioid receptor (KOR) represents a highly desirable therapeutic target for treating not only pain but also addiction and affective disorders1. However, the development of KOR analgesics has been hindered by the associated hallucinogenic side effects2. The initiation of KOR signalling requires the Gi/o-family proteins including the conventional (Gi1, Gi2, Gi3, GoA and GoB) and nonconventional (Gz and Gg) subtypes. How hallucinogens exert their actions through KOR and how KOR determines G-protein subtype selectivity are not well understood. Here we determined the active-state structures of KOR in a complex with multiple G-protein heterotrimers-Gi1, GoA, Gz and Gg-using cryo-electron microscopy. The KOR-G-protein complexes are bound to hallucinogenic salvinorins or highly selective KOR agonists. Comparisons of these structures reveal molecular determinants critical for KOR-G-protein interactions as well as key elements governing Gi/o-family subtype selectivity and KOR ligand selectivity. Furthermore, the four G-protein subtypes display an intrinsically different binding affinity and allosteric activity on agonist binding at KOR. These results provide insights into the actions of opioids and G-protein-coupling specificity at KOR and establish a foundation to examine the therapeutic potential of pathway-selective agonists of KOR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianming Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy in St Louis and Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jingying Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Antonina L Nazarova
- Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Center for New Technologies in Drug Discovery and Development, Bridge Institute, Michelson Center for Convergent Biosciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sarah M Bernhard
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy in St Louis and Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Brian E Krumm
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jordy Homing Lam
- Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Center for New Technologies in Drug Discovery and Development, Bridge Institute, Michelson Center for Convergent Biosciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Vipin A Rangari
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy in St Louis and Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Susruta Majumdar
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy in St Louis and Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Washington University Pain Center, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - David E Nichols
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Vsevolod Katritch
- Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Center for New Technologies in Drug Discovery and Development, Bridge Institute, Michelson Center for Convergent Biosciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Peng Yuan
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Center for the Investigation of Membrane Excitability Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan F Fay
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Tao Che
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA.
- Center for Clinical Pharmacology, University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy in St Louis and Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
- Washington University Pain Center, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA.
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45
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Kotliar IB, Ceraudo E, Kemelmakher-Liben K, Oren DA, Lorenzen E, Dodig-Crnković T, Horioka-Duplix M, Huber T, Schwenk JM, Sakmar TP. Itch receptor MRGPRX4 interacts with the receptor activity-modifying proteins. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104664. [PMID: 37003505 PMCID: PMC10165273 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholestatic itch is a severe and debilitating symptom in liver diseases with limited treatment options. The class A G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) Mas-related GPCR subtype X4 (MRGPRX4) has been identified as a receptor for bile acids, which are potential cholestatic pruritogens. An increasing number of GPCRs have been shown to interact with receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMPs), which can modulate different aspects of GPCR biology. Using a combination of multiplexed immunoassay and proximity ligation assay, we show that MRGPRX4 interacts with RAMPs. The interaction of MRGPRX4 with RAMP2, but not RAMP1 or 3, causes attenuation of basal and agonist-dependent signaling, which correlates with a decrease of MRGPRX4 cell surface expression as measured using a quantitative NanoBRET pulse-chase assay. Finally, we use AlphaFold Multimer to predict the structure of the MRGPRX4-RAMP2 complex. The discovery that RAMP2 regulates MRGPRX4 may have direct implications for future drug development for cholestatic itch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilana B Kotliar
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA; Tri-Institutional PhD Program in Chemical Biology, New York, New York, USA
| | - Emilie Ceraudo
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kevin Kemelmakher-Liben
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Deena A Oren
- Structural Biology Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Emily Lorenzen
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Tea Dodig-Crnković
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Protein Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| | - Mizuho Horioka-Duplix
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Thomas Huber
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jochen M Schwenk
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Protein Science, School of Engineering Sciences in Chemistry, Biotechnology and Health, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Solna, Sweden
| | - Thomas P Sakmar
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Signal Transduction, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA; Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Section for Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.
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46
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Mao C, Xiao P, Tao XN, Qin J, He QT, Zhang C, Guo SC, Du YQ, Chen LN, Shen DD, Yang ZS, Zhang HQ, Huang SM, He YH, Cheng J, Zhong YN, Shang P, Chen J, Zhang DL, Wang QL, Liu MX, Li GY, Guo Y, Xu HE, Wang C, Zhang C, Feng S, Yu X, Zhang Y, Sun JP. Unsaturated bond recognition leads to biased signal in a fatty acid receptor. Science 2023; 380:eadd6220. [PMID: 36862765 DOI: 10.1126/science.add6220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Individual free fatty acids (FAs) play important roles in metabolic homeostasis, many through engagement with more than 40G protein-coupled receptors. Searching for receptors to sense beneficial omega-3 FAs of fish oil enabled the identification of GPR120, which is involved in a spectrum of metabolic diseases. Here, we report six cryo-electron microscopy structures of GPR120 in complex with FA hormones or TUG891 and Gi or Giq trimers. Aromatic residues inside the GPR120 ligand pocket were responsible for recognizing different double-bond positions of these FAs and connect ligand recognition to distinct effector coupling. We also investigated synthetic ligand selectivity and the structural basis of missense single-nucleotide polymorphisms. We reveal how GPR120 differentiates rigid double bonds and flexible single bonds. The knowledge gleaned here may facilitate rational drug design targeting to GPR120.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyou Mao
- Department of Biophysics and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Peng Xiao
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xiao-Na Tao
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing 100191, China
- The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Jiao Qin
- Department of Biophysics and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qing-Tao He
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Sheng-Chao Guo
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Ya-Qin Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Li-Nan Chen
- Department of Biophysics and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Dan-Dan Shen
- Department of Biophysics and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhi-Shuai Yang
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Han-Qiong Zhang
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Shen-Ming Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yong-Hao He
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Jie Cheng
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Ya-Ni Zhong
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Pan Shang
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Dao-Lai Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Qian-Lang Wang
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Mei-Xia Liu
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Guo-Yu Li
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yongyuan Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - H Eric Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Center for Structure and Function of Drug Targets, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chuanxin Wang
- The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, the State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Shiqing Feng
- The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Biophysics and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University Medical Center, Hangzhou 311121, China
- MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Research and Development Center for E-Learning, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100816, China
| | - Jin-Peng Sun
- Key Laboratory Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Beijing 100191, China
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
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47
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Jung MM, Shen S, Botten GA, Olender T, Katsumura KR, Johnson KD, Soukup AA, Liu P, Zhang Q, Jensvold ZD, Lewis PW, Beagrie RA, Low JK, Yang L, Mackay JP, Godley LA, Brand M, Xu J, Keles S, Bresnick EH. Pathogenic human variant that dislocates GATA2 zinc fingers disrupts hematopoietic gene expression and signaling networks. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e162685. [PMID: 36809258 PMCID: PMC10065080 DOI: 10.1172/jci162685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Although certain human genetic variants are conspicuously loss of function, decoding the impact of many variants is challenging. Previously, we described a patient with leukemia predisposition syndrome (GATA2 deficiency) with a germline GATA2 variant that inserts 9 amino acids between the 2 zinc fingers (9aa-Ins). Here, we conducted mechanistic analyses using genomic technologies and a genetic rescue system with Gata2 enhancer-mutant hematopoietic progenitor cells to compare how GATA2 and 9aa-Ins function genome-wide. Despite nuclear localization, 9aa-Ins was severely defective in occupying and remodeling chromatin and regulating transcription. Variation of the inter-zinc finger spacer length revealed that insertions were more deleterious to activation than repression. GATA2 deficiency generated a lineage-diverting gene expression program and a hematopoiesis-disrupting signaling network in progenitors with reduced granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and elevated IL-6 signaling. As insufficient GM-CSF signaling caused pulmonary alveolar proteinosis and excessive IL-6 signaling promoted bone marrow failure and GATA2 deficiency patient phenotypes, these results provide insight into mechanisms underlying GATA2-linked pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mabel Minji Jung
- Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Carbone Cancer Center, and
| | - Siqi Shen
- Department of Biostatistics and Biomedical Informatics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Giovanni A. Botten
- Children’s Medical Center Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Thomas Olender
- Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute–General Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Koichi R. Katsumura
- Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Carbone Cancer Center, and
| | - Kirby D. Johnson
- Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Carbone Cancer Center, and
| | - Alexandra A. Soukup
- Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Carbone Cancer Center, and
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Biomedical Informatics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Qingzhou Zhang
- Sprott Center for Stem Cell Research, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute–General Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zena D. Jensvold
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Peter W. Lewis
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Robert A. Beagrie
- MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jason K.K. Low
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lihua Yang
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joel P. Mackay
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lucy A. Godley
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Marjorie Brand
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jian Xu
- Children’s Medical Center Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Sunduz Keles
- Department of Biostatistics and Biomedical Informatics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Emery H. Bresnick
- Wisconsin Blood Cancer Research Institute, Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, Carbone Cancer Center, and
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48
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Liu Y, Cao C, Huang XP, Gumpper RH, Rachman MM, Shih SL, Krumm BE, Zhang S, Shoichet BK, Fay JF, Roth BL. Ligand recognition and allosteric modulation of the human MRGPRX1 receptor. Nat Chem Biol 2023; 19:416-422. [PMID: 36302898 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-022-01173-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The human MAS-related G protein-coupled receptor X1 (MRGPRX1) is preferentially expressed in the small-diameter primary sensory neurons and involved in the mediation of nociception and pruritus. Central activation of MRGPRX1 by the endogenous opioid peptide fragment BAM8-22 and its positive allosteric modulator ML382 has been shown to effectively inhibit persistent pain, making MRGPRX1 a promising target for non-opioid pain treatment. However, the activation mechanism of MRGPRX1 is still largely unknown. Here we report three high-resolution cryogenic electron microscopy structures of MRGPRX1-Gαq in complex with BAM8-22 alone, with BAM8-22 and ML382 simultaneously as well as with a synthetic agonist compound-16. These structures reveal the agonist binding mode for MRGPRX1 and illuminate the structural requirements for positive allosteric modulation. Collectively, our findings provide a molecular understanding of the activation and allosteric modulation of the MRGPRX1 receptor, which could facilitate the structure-based design of non-opioid pain-relieving drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Can Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Xi-Ping Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ryan H Gumpper
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Moira M Rachman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sheng-Luen Shih
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Brian E Krumm
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Shicheng Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Brian K Shoichet
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jonathan F Fay
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Bryan L Roth
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- National Institute of Mental Health Psychoactive Drug Screening Program, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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49
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Cao C, Roth BL. The structure, function, and pharmacology of MRGPRs. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2023; 44:237-251. [PMID: 36870785 PMCID: PMC10066734 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor (MRGPR) family members play important roles in the sensation of noxious stimuli and represent novel targets for the treatment of itch and pain. MRGPRs recognize a diversity of agonists and display complicated downstream signaling profiles, high sequence diversity across species, and many polymorphisms in humans. The recent structural advances on MRGPRs reveal unique structural features and diverse agonist recognition modes of this receptor family, which should facilitate the structure-based drug discovery at MRGPRs. In addition, the newly discovered ligands also provide valuable tools to explore the function and the therapeutic potential of MRGPRs. In this review, we discuss these progresses in our understanding of MRGPRs and highlight the challenges and potential opportunities for the future drug discovery at these receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Cao
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Bryan L Roth
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eschelman School of Pharmacy and NIMH Psychoactive Drug Screening Program, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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50
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Collins SL, Stine JG, Bisanz JE, Okafor CD, Patterson AD. Bile acids and the gut microbiota: metabolic interactions and impacts on disease. Nat Rev Microbiol 2023; 21:236-247. [PMID: 36253479 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-022-00805-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 158.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Despite decades of bile acid research, diverse biological roles for bile acids have been discovered recently due to developments in understanding the human microbiota. As additional bacterial enzymes are characterized, and the tools used for identifying new bile acids become increasingly more sensitive, the repertoire of bile acids metabolized and/or synthesized by bacteria continues to grow. Additionally, bile acids impact microbiome community structure and function. In this Review, we highlight how the bile acid pool is manipulated by the gut microbiota, how it is dependent on the metabolic capacity of the bacterial community and how external factors, such as antibiotics and diet, shape bile acid composition. It is increasingly important to understand how bile acid signalling networks are affected in distinct organs where the bile acid composition differs, and how these networks impact infectious, metabolic and neoplastic diseases. These advances have enabled the development of therapeutics that target imbalances in microbiota-associated bile acid profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L Collins
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan G Stine
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
- Penn State Health Liver Center, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Jordan E Bisanz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - C Denise Okafor
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Andrew D Patterson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
- Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA.
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