1
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Tabuena DR, Jang SS, Grone B, Yip O, Aery Jones EA, Blumenfeld J, Liang Z, Koutsodendris N, Rao A, Ding L, Zhang AR, Hao Y, Xu Q, Yoon SY, Leon SD, Huang Y, Zilberter M. Neuronal APOE4-induced Early Hippocampal Network Hyperexcitability in Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.08.28.555153. [PMID: 37693533 PMCID: PMC10491126 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.28.555153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
The full impact of apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4), the strongest genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), on neuronal and network function remains unclear. We found hippocampal region-specific network hyperexcitability in young APOE4 knock-in (E4-KI) mice which predicted cognitive deficits at old age. Network hyperexcitability in young E4-KI mice was mediated by hippocampal region-specific subpopulations of smaller and hyperexcitable neurons that were eliminated by selective removal of neuronal APOE4. Aged E4-KI mice exhibited hyperexcitable granule cells, a progressive inhibitory deficit, and E/I imbalance in the dentate gyrus, exacerbating hippocampal hyperexcitability. Single-nucleus RNA-sequencing revealed neuronal cell type-specific and age-dependent transcriptomic changes, including Nell2 overexpression in E4-KI mice. Reducing Nell2 expression in specific neuronal types of E4-KI mice with CRISPRi rescued their abnormal excitability phenotypes, implicating Nell2 overexpression as a cause of APOE4-induced hyperexcitability. These findings highlight the early transcriptomic and electrophysiological alterations underlying APOE4-induced hippocampal network dysfunction and its contribution to AD pathogenesis with aging.
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2
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Jacquemyn J, Ralhan I, Ioannou MS. Driving factors of neuronal ferroptosis. Trends Cell Biol 2024; 34:535-546. [PMID: 38395733 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2024.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is an oxidative form of iron-dependent cell death characterized by the accumulation of lipid peroxides on membranes. Iron and lipids containing polyunsaturated fatty acids are essential for this process. Ferroptosis is central to several neurological diseases and underlies the importance of balanced iron and polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism in the brain, particularly in neurons. Here, we reflect on the potential links between neuronal physiology and the accumulation of iron and peroxidated lipids, the mechanisms neurons use to protect themselves from ferroptosis, and the relationship between pathogenic protein deposition and ferroptosis in neurodegenerative disease. We propose that the unique physiology of neurons makes them especially vulnerable to ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Jacquemyn
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; Group on Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Isha Ralhan
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; Group on Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Maria S Ioannou
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; Group on Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada.
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3
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Ning Z, Liu Y, Wan M, Zuo Y, Chen S, Shi Z, Xu Y, Li H, Ko H, Zhang J, Xiao S, Guo D, Tang Y. APOE2 protects against Aβ pathology by improving neuronal mitochondrial function through ERRα signaling. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2024; 29:87. [PMID: 38867189 PMCID: PMC11170814 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-024-00600-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease and apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotypes (APOE2, APOE3, and APOE4) show different AD susceptibility. Previous studies indicated that individuals carrying the APOE2 allele reduce the risk of developing AD, which may be attributed to the potential neuroprotective role of APOE2. However, the mechanisms underlying the protective effects of APOE2 is still unclear. METHODS We analyzed single-nucleus RNA sequencing and bulk RNA sequencing data of APOE2 and APOE3 carriers from the Religious Orders Study and Memory and Aging Project (ROSMAP) cohort. We validated the findings in SH-SY5Y cells and AD model mice by evaluating mitochondrial functions and cognitive behaviors respectively. RESULTS The pathway analysis of six major cell types revealed a strong association between APOE2 and cellular stress and energy metabolism, particularly in excitatory and inhibitory neurons, which was found to be more pronounced in the presence of beta-amyloid (Aβ). Moreover, APOE2 overexpression alleviates Aβ1-42-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and reduces the generation of reactive oxygen species in SH-SY5Y cells. These protective effects may be due to ApoE2 interacting with estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRα). ERRα overexpression by plasmids or activation by agonist was also found to show similar mitochondrial protective effects in Aβ1-42-stimulated SH-SY5Y cells. Additionally, ERRα agonist treatment improve the cognitive performance of Aβ injected mice in both Y maze and novel object recognition tests. ERRα agonist treatment increased PSD95 expression in the cortex of agonist-treated-AD mice. CONCLUSIONS APOE2 appears to enhance neural mitochondrial function via the activation of ERRα signaling, which may be the protective effect of APOE2 to treat AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Ning
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Brain Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Nanhai Translational Innovation Center of Precision Immunology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Foshan, 528200, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Brain Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Nanhai Translational Innovation Center of Precision Immunology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Foshan, 528200, China
| | - Mengyao Wan
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Brain Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Nanhai Translational Innovation Center of Precision Immunology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Foshan, 528200, China
| | - You Zuo
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Brain Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Siqi Chen
- Brain Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Nanhai Translational Innovation Center of Precision Immunology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Foshan, 528200, China
| | - Zhongshan Shi
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Brain Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yongteng Xu
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Brain Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Honghong Li
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Brain Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Ho Ko
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics & Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology and Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Songhua Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
- Brain Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
| | - Daji Guo
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
- Brain Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
- Nanhai Translational Innovation Center of Precision Immunology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Foshan, 528200, China.
| | - Yamei Tang
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
- Brain Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
- Nanhai Translational Innovation Center of Precision Immunology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Foshan, 528200, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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4
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Hodgson L, Li Y, Iturria-Medina Y, Stratton JA, Wolf G, Krishnaswamy S, Bennett DA, Bzdok D. Supervised latent factor modeling isolates cell-type-specific transcriptomic modules that underlie Alzheimer's disease progression. Commun Biol 2024; 7:591. [PMID: 38760483 PMCID: PMC11101463 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06273-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Late onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease, with brain changes beginning years before symptoms surface. AD is characterized by neuronal loss, the classic feature of the disease that underlies brain atrophy. However, GWAS reports and recent single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) efforts have highlighted that glial cells, particularly microglia, claim a central role in AD pathophysiology. Here, we tailor pattern-learning algorithms to explore distinct gene programs by integrating the entire transcriptome, yielding distributed AD-predictive modules within the brain's major cell-types. We show that these learned modules are biologically meaningful through the identification of new and relevant enriched signaling cascades. The predictive nature of our modules, especially in microglia, allows us to infer each subject's progression along a disease pseudo-trajectory, confirmed by post-mortem pathological brain tissue markers. Additionally, we quantify the interplay between pairs of cell-type modules in the AD brain, and localized known AD risk genes to enriched module gene programs. Our collective findings advocate for a transition from cell-type-specificity to gene modules specificity to unlock the potential of unique gene programs, recasting the roles of recently reported genome-wide AD risk loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Hodgson
- School of Computer Science, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Mila - Quebec Artificial Intelligence Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Yue Li
- School of Computer Science, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Yasser Iturria-Medina
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (BIC), MNI, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
- Neurology and Neurosurgery Department, Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI), Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
- Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Jo Anne Stratton
- Neurology and Neurosurgery Department, Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI), Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Guy Wolf
- Mila - Quebec Artificial Intelligence Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Mathematics & Statistics, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Smita Krishnaswamy
- Department of Computer Science, Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Danilo Bzdok
- Mila - Quebec Artificial Intelligence Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
- The Neuro - Montréal Neurological Institute, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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5
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Hwang HM, Yamashita S, Matsumoto Y, Ito M, Edwards A, Sasaki J, Dutta DJ, Mohammad S, Yamashita C, Wetherill L, Schwantes-An TH, Abreu M, Mahnke AH, Mattson SN, Foroud T, Miranda RC, Chambers C, Torii M, Hashimoto-Torii K. Reduction of APOE accounts for neurobehavioral deficits in fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-024-02586-6. [PMID: 38734844 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02586-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
A hallmark of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) is neurobehavioral deficits that still do not have effective treatment. Here, we present that reduction of Apolipoprotein E (APOE) is critically involved in neurobehavioral deficits in FASD. We show that prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) changes chromatin accessibility of Apoe locus, and causes reduction of APOE levels in both the brain and peripheral blood in postnatal mice. Of note, postnatal administration of an APOE receptor agonist (APOE-RA) mitigates motor learning deficits and anxiety in those mice. Several molecular and electrophysiological properties essential for learning, which are altered by PAE, are restored by APOE-RA. Our human genome-wide association study further reveals that the interaction of PAE and a single nucleotide polymorphism in the APOE enhancer which chromatin is closed by PAE in mice is associated with lower scores in the delayed matching-to-sample task in children. APOE in the plasma is also reduced in PAE children, and the reduced level is associated with their lower cognitive performance. These findings suggest that controlling the APOE level can serve as an effective treatment for neurobehavioral deficits in FASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye M Hwang
- Center for Neuroscience Research, The Children's Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Satoshi Yamashita
- Center for Neuroscience Research, The Children's Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Yu Matsumoto
- Center for Neuroscience Research, The Children's Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Mariko Ito
- Center for Neuroscience Research, The Children's Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Alex Edwards
- Center for Neuroscience Research, The Children's Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Junko Sasaki
- Center for Neuroscience Research, The Children's Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Dipankar J Dutta
- Center for Neuroscience Research, The Children's Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Shahid Mohammad
- Center for Neuroscience Research, The Children's Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Chiho Yamashita
- Center for Neuroscience Research, The Children's Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Leah Wetherill
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Tae-Hwi Schwantes-An
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Marco Abreu
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Amanda H Mahnke
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Sarah N Mattson
- Center for Behavioral Teratology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Tatiana Foroud
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Rajesh C Miranda
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Texas A&M University School of Medicine, Bryan, TX, USA
| | - Christina Chambers
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Masaaki Torii
- Center for Neuroscience Research, The Children's Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA.
- Departments of Pediatrics, and Pharmacology & Physiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Kazue Hashimoto-Torii
- Center for Neuroscience Research, The Children's Research Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA.
- Departments of Pediatrics, and Pharmacology & Physiology, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
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6
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van Olst L, Kamermans A, Halters S, van der Pol SMA, Rodriguez E, Verberk IMW, Verberk SGS, Wessels DWR, Rodriguez-Mogeda C, Verhoeff J, Wouters D, Van den Bossche J, Garcia-Vallejo JJ, Lemstra AW, Witte ME, van der Flier WM, Teunissen CE, de Vries HE. Adaptive immune changes associate with clinical progression of Alzheimer's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2024; 19:38. [PMID: 38658964 PMCID: PMC11044380 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-024-00726-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most frequent cause of dementia. Recent evidence suggests the involvement of peripheral immune cells in the disease, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. METHODS We comprehensively mapped peripheral immune changes in AD patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia compared to controls, using cytometry by time-of-flight (CyTOF). RESULTS We found an adaptive immune signature in AD, and specifically highlight the accumulation of PD1+ CD57+ CD8+ T effector memory cells re-expressing CD45RA in the MCI stage of AD. In addition, several innate and adaptive immune cell subsets correlated to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of AD neuropathology and measures for cognitive decline. Intriguingly, subsets of memory T and B cells were negatively associated with CSF biomarkers for tau pathology, neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation in AD patients. Lastly, we established the influence of the APOE ε4 allele on peripheral immunity. CONCLUSIONS Our findings illustrate significant peripheral immune alterations associated with both early and late clinical stages of AD, emphasizing the necessity for further investigation into how these changes influence underlying brain pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn van Olst
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neuroinfection & -Inflammation, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
- Present address: The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Alwin Kamermans
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neuroinfection & -Inflammation, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sem Halters
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neuroinfection & -Inflammation, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Susanne M A van der Pol
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neuroinfection & -Inflammation, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ernesto Rodriguez
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Inge M W Verberk
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neuroinfection & -Inflammation, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Neurochemistry Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sanne G S Verberk
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Atherosclerosis & Ischemic Syndromes, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Danielle W R Wessels
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Carla Rodriguez-Mogeda
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neuroinfection & -Inflammation, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Verhoeff
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dorine Wouters
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Atherosclerosis & Ischemic Syndromes, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Van den Bossche
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Atherosclerosis & Ischemic Syndromes, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Juan J Garcia-Vallejo
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Imaging and Biomarkers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Afina W Lemstra
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten E Witte
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neuroinfection & -Inflammation, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Inflammatory Diseases, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wiesje M van der Flier
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology & Data Science, Amsterdam UMC Location VUmc, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Charlotte E Teunissen
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neuroinfection & -Inflammation, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Neurochemistry Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Helga E de Vries
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Cancer Immunology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Microcirculation, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurovascular Disorders, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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7
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Qian Z, Wang Z, Li B, Meng X, Kuang Z, Li Y, Yang Y, Ye K. Thy1-ApoE4/C/EBPβ double transgenic mice act as a sporadic model with Alzheimer's disease. Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-024-02565-x. [PMID: 38658772 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02565-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Early onset familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD) with APP, PS1/2 (presenilins) mutation accounts for only a small portion of AD cases, and most are late-onset sporadic. However, majority of AD mouse models are developed to mimic the genetic cause of human AD by overexpressing mutated forms of human APP, PS1/2, and/or Tau protein, though there is no Tau mutation in AD, and no single mouse model recapitulates all aspects of AD pathology. Here, we report Thy1-ApoE4/C/EBPβ double transgenic mouse model that demonstrates key AD pathologies in an age-dependent manner in absence of any human APP or PS1/2 mutation. Using the clinical diagnosis criteria, we show that this mouse model exhibits tempo-spatial features in AD patient brains, including progressive cognitive decline associated with brain atrophy, which is accompanied with extensive neuronal degeneration. Remarkably, the mice display gradual Aβ aggregation and neurofibrillary tangles formation in the brain validated by Aβ PET and Tau PET. Moreover, the mice reveal widespread neuroinflammation as shown in AD brains. Hence, Thy1-ApoE4/C/EBPβ mouse model acts as a sporadic AD mouse model, reconstituting the major AD pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengjiang Qian
- Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - ZhiHao Wang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430060, China
| | - Bowei Li
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, 518055, China
| | - Xin Meng
- Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhonghua Kuang
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanjiao Li
- Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongfeng Yang
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Keqiang Ye
- Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China.
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8
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Gao J, Zou Y, Lv XY, Chen L, Hou XG. Novel insights into immune-related genes associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus-related cognitive impairment. World J Diabetes 2024; 15:735-757. [PMID: 38680704 PMCID: PMC11045412 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v15.i4.735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cognitive impairment in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a multifaceted and advancing state that requires further exploration to fully comprehend. Neuroinflammation is considered to be one of the main mechanisms and the immune system has played a vital role in the progression of the disease. AIM To identify and validate the immune-related genes in the hippocampus associated with T2DM-related cognitive impairment. METHODS To identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between T2DM and controls, we used data from the Gene Expression Omnibus database GSE125387. To identify T2DM module genes, we used Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis. All the genes were subject to Gene Set Enrichment Analysis. Protein-protein interaction network construction and machine learning were utilized to identify three hub genes. Immune cell infiltration analysis was performed. The three hub genes were validated in GSE152539 via receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Validation experiments including reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were conducted both in vivo and in vitro. To identify potential drugs associated with hub genes, we used the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD). RESULTS A total of 576 DEGs were identified using GSE125387. By taking the intersection of DEGs, T2DM module genes, and immune-related genes, a total of 59 genes associated with the immune system were identified. Afterward, machine learning was utilized to identify three hub genes (H2-T24, Rac3, and Tfrc). The hub genes were associated with a variety of immune cells. The three hub genes were validated in GSE152539. Validation experiments were conducted at the mRNA and protein levels both in vivo and in vitro, consistent with the bioinformatics analysis. Additionally, 11 potential drugs associated with RAC3 and TFRC were identified based on the CTD. CONCLUSION Immune-related genes that differ in expression in the hippocampus are closely linked to microglia. We validated the expression of three hub genes both in vivo and in vitro, consistent with our bioinformatics results. We discovered 11 compounds associated with RAC3 and TFRC. These findings suggest that they are co-regulatory molecules of immunometabolism in diabetic cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ying Zou
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Lv
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xin-Guo Hou
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
- Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shandong Province Medicine & Health, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
- Department of Endocrinology, Jinan Clinical Research Center for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
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9
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Patil SP, Kuehn BR. Discovery of Small Molecule Glycolytic Stimulants for Enhanced ApoE Lipidation in Alzheimer's Disease Cell Model. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:491. [PMID: 38675451 PMCID: PMC11054693 DOI: 10.3390/ph17040491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by pathophysiological deposits of extracellular amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles of tau. The central role of Aβ in AD pathology is well-established, with its increased deposition attributed mainly to its decreased cerebral clearance. Here, it is noteworthy that apolipoprotein E (ApoE), the most significant risk factor for AD, has been shown to play an isoform-specific role in clearing Aβ deposits (ApoE2 > ApoE3 > ApoE4), owing mainly to its lipidation status. In addition to the pathophysiological Aβ deposits, AD is also characterized by abnormal glucose metabolism, which is a distinct event preceding Aβ deposition. The present study established, for the first time, a possible link between these two major AD etiologies, with glucose metabolism directly influencing ApoE lipidation and its secretion by astrocytes expressing human ApoE4. Specifically, glucose dose-dependently activated liver X receptor (LXR), leading to elevated ABCA1 and ABCG1 protein levels and enhanced ApoE lipidation. Moreover, co-treatment with a glycolytic inhibitor significantly inhibited this LXR activation and subsequent ApoE lipidation, further supporting a central role of glucose metabolism in LXR activation leading to enhanced ApoE lipidation, which may help against AD through potential Aβ clearance. Therefore, we hypothesized that pharmacological agents that can target cellular energy metabolism, specifically aerobic glycolysis, may hold significant therapeutic potential against AD. In this context, the present study also led to the discovery of novel, small-molecule stimulants of astrocytic glucose metabolism, leading to significantly enhanced lipidation status of ApoE4 in astrocytic cells. Three such newly discovered compounds (lonidamine, phenformin, and berberine), owing to their promising cellular effect on the glycolysis-ApoE nexus, warrant further investigation in suitable in vivo models of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin P. Patil
- NanoBio Lab, Widener University, Chester, PA 19013, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Widener University, Chester, PA 19013, USA;
| | - Bella R. Kuehn
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Widener University, Chester, PA 19013, USA;
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10
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Haney MS, Pálovics R, Munson CN, Long C, Johansson PK, Yip O, Dong W, Rawat E, West E, Schlachetzki JCM, Tsai A, Guldner IH, Lamichhane BS, Smith A, Schaum N, Calcuttawala K, Shin A, Wang YH, Wang C, Koutsodendris N, Serrano GE, Beach TG, Reiman EM, Glass CK, Abu-Remaileh M, Enejder A, Huang Y, Wyss-Coray T. APOE4/4 is linked to damaging lipid droplets in Alzheimer's disease microglia. Nature 2024; 628:154-161. [PMID: 38480892 PMCID: PMC10990924 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07185-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Several genetic risk factors for Alzheimer's disease implicate genes involved in lipid metabolism and many of these lipid genes are highly expressed in glial cells1. However, the relationship between lipid metabolism in glia and Alzheimer's disease pathology remains poorly understood. Through single-nucleus RNA sequencing of brain tissue in Alzheimer's disease, we have identified a microglial state defined by the expression of the lipid droplet-associated enzyme ACSL1 with ACSL1-positive microglia being most abundant in patients with Alzheimer's disease having the APOE4/4 genotype. In human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived microglia, fibrillar Aβ induces ACSL1 expression, triglyceride synthesis and lipid droplet accumulation in an APOE-dependent manner. Additionally, conditioned media from lipid droplet-containing microglia lead to Tau phosphorylation and neurotoxicity in an APOE-dependent manner. Our findings suggest a link between genetic risk factors for Alzheimer's disease with microglial lipid droplet accumulation and neurotoxic microglia-derived factors, potentially providing therapeutic strategies for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Haney
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Róbert Pálovics
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Christy Nicole Munson
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Chris Long
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering Department, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Patrik K Johansson
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering Department, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Oscar Yip
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Wentao Dong
- The Institute for Chemistry, Engineering & Medicine for Human Health (ChEM-H), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Eshaan Rawat
- The Institute for Chemistry, Engineering & Medicine for Human Health (ChEM-H), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth West
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Johannes C M Schlachetzki
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Andy Tsai
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ian Hunter Guldner
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Bhawika S Lamichhane
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Amanda Smith
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas Schaum
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kruti Calcuttawala
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Shin
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yung-Hua Wang
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Chengzhong Wang
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nicole Koutsodendris
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Development and Stem Cell Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Geidy E Serrano
- Laboratory of Neuropathology, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ, USA
| | - Thomas G Beach
- Banner Alzheimer's Institute and Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Eric M Reiman
- Banner Alzheimer's Institute and Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Christopher K Glass
- Development and Stem Cell Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Monther Abu-Remaileh
- The Institute for Chemistry, Engineering & Medicine for Human Health (ChEM-H), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Annika Enejder
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering Department, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yadong Huang
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Development and Stem Cell Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tony Wyss-Coray
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- The Phil and Penny Knight Initiative for Brain Resilience, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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11
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Wu D, Sun JKL, Chow KHM. Neuronal cell cycle reentry events in the aging brain are more prevalent in neurodegeneration and lead to cellular senescence. PLoS Biol 2024; 22:e3002559. [PMID: 38652714 PMCID: PMC11037540 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates that terminally differentiated neurons in the brain may recommit to a cell cycle-like process during neuronal aging and under disease conditions. Because of the rare existence and random localization of these cells in the brain, their molecular profiles and disease-specific heterogeneities remain unclear. Through a bioinformatics approach that allows integrated analyses of multiple single-nucleus transcriptome datasets from human brain samples, these rare cell populations were identified and selected for further characterization. Our analyses indicated that these cell cycle-related events occur predominantly in excitatory neurons and that cellular senescence is likely their immediate terminal fate. Quantitatively, the number of cell cycle re-engaging and senescent neurons decreased during the normal brain aging process, but in the context of late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD), these cells accumulate instead. Transcriptomic profiling of these cells suggested that disease-specific differences were predominantly tied to the early stage of the senescence process, revealing that these cells presented more proinflammatory, metabolically deregulated, and pathology-associated signatures in disease-affected brains. Similarly, these general features of cell cycle re-engaging neurons were also observed in a subpopulation of dopaminergic neurons identified in the Parkinson's disease (PD)-Lewy body dementia (LBD) model. An extended analysis conducted in a mouse model of brain aging further validated the ability of this bioinformatics approach to determine the robust relationship between the cell cycle and senescence processes in neurons in this cross-species setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deng Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jacquelyne Ka-Li Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kim Hei-Man Chow
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Gerald Choa Neuroscience Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Nexus of Rare Neurodegenerative Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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12
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Jiang C, Chen Z, Wolfe JM. Toward viewing behavior for aerial scene categorization. Cogn Res Princ Implic 2024; 9:17. [PMID: 38530617 PMCID: PMC10965882 DOI: 10.1186/s41235-024-00541-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous work has demonstrated similarities and differences between aerial and terrestrial image viewing. Aerial scene categorization, a pivotal visual processing task for gathering geoinformation, heavily depends on rotation-invariant information. Aerial image-centered research has revealed effects of low-level features on performance of various aerial image interpretation tasks. However, there are fewer studies of viewing behavior for aerial scene categorization and of higher-level factors that might influence that categorization. In this paper, experienced subjects' eye movements were recorded while they were asked to categorize aerial scenes. A typical viewing center bias was observed. Eye movement patterns varied among categories. We explored the relationship of nine image statistics to observers' eye movements. Results showed that if the images were less homogeneous, and/or if they contained fewer or no salient diagnostic objects, viewing behavior became more exploratory. Higher- and object-level image statistics were predictive at both the image and scene category levels. Scanpaths were generally organized and small differences in scanpath randomness could be roughly captured by critical object saliency. Participants tended to fixate on critical objects. Image statistics included in this study showed rotational invariance. The results supported our hypothesis that the availability of diagnostic objects strongly influences eye movements in this task. In addition, this study provides supporting evidence for Loschky et al.'s (Journal of Vision, 15(6), 11, 2015) speculation that aerial scenes are categorized on the basis of image parts and individual objects. The findings were discussed in relation to theories of scene perception and their implications for automation development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Jiang
- School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhenzhong Chen
- School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
- Hubei Luojia Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Jeremy M Wolfe
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Brigham & Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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13
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Sell GL, Barrow SL, McAllister AK. Glutamate signaling and neuroligin/neurexin adhesion play opposing roles that are mediated by major histocompatibility complex I molecules in cortical synapse formation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.05.583626. [PMID: 38496590 PMCID: PMC10942384 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.05.583626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Although neurons release neurotransmitter before contact, the role for this release in synapse formation remains unclear. Cortical synapses do not require synaptic vesicle release for formation 1-4 , yet glutamate clearly regulates glutamate receptor trafficking 5,6 and induces spine formation 7-11 . Using a culture system to dissect molecular mechanisms, we found that glutamate rapidly decreases synapse density specifically in young cortical neurons in a local and calcium-dependent manner through decreasing NMDAR transport and surface expression as well as co-transport with neuroligin (NL1). Adhesion between NL1 and neurexin 1 protects against this glutamate-induced synapse loss. Major histocompatibility I (MHCI) molecules are required for the effects of glutamate in causing synapse loss through negatively regulating NL1 levels. Thus, like acetylcholine at the NMJ, glutamate acts as a dispersal signal for NMDARs and causes rapid synapse loss unless opposed by NL1-mediated trans-synaptic adhesion. Together, glutamate, MHCI and NL1 mediate a novel form of homeostatic plasticity in young neurons that induces rapid changes in NMDARs to regulate when and where nascent glutamatergic synapses are formed.
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14
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Skv M, Abraham SM, Eshwari O, Golla K, Jhelum P, Maity S, Komal P. Tremendous Fidelity of Vitamin D3 in Age-related Neurological Disorders. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-03989-w. [PMID: 38372958 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-03989-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Vitamin D3 (VD) is a secosteroid hormone and shows a pleiotropic effect in brain-related disorders where it regulates redox imbalance, inflammation, apoptosis, energy production, and growth factor synthesis. Vitamin D3's active metabolic form, 1,25-dihydroxy Vitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3 or calcitriol), is a known regulator of several genes involved in neuroplasticity, neuroprotection, neurotropism, and neuroinflammation. Multiple studies suggest that VD deficiency can be proposed as a risk factor for the development of several age-related neurological disorders. The evidence for low serum levels of 25-hydroxy Vitamin D3 (25(OH)D3 or calcidiol), the major circulating form of VD, is associated with an increased risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), dementia, and cognitive impairment. Despite decades of evidence on low VD association with neurological disorders, the precise molecular mechanism behind its beneficial effect remains controversial. Here, we will be delving into the neurobiological importance of VD and discuss its benefits in different neuropsychiatric disorders. The focus will be on AD, PD, and HD as they share some common clinical, pathological, and epidemiological features. The central focus will be on the different attributes of VD in the aspect of its anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, anti-cholinesterase activity, and psychotropic effect in different neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjari Skv
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani (BITS-Pilani) Hyderabad campus, Shameerpet-Mandal, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Sharon Mariam Abraham
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani (BITS-Pilani) Hyderabad campus, Shameerpet-Mandal, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Omalur Eshwari
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani (BITS-Pilani) Hyderabad campus, Shameerpet-Mandal, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Kishore Golla
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani (BITS-Pilani) Hyderabad campus, Shameerpet-Mandal, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Priya Jhelum
- Centre for Research in Neuroscience and Brain Program, The Research Instituteof the, McGill University Health Centre , Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Shuvadeep Maity
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani (BITS-Pilani) Hyderabad campus, Shameerpet-Mandal, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Pragya Komal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science-Pilani (BITS-Pilani) Hyderabad campus, Shameerpet-Mandal, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
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15
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Cooper O, Hallett P, Isacson O. Upstream lipid and metabolic systems are potential causes of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and dementias. FEBS J 2024; 291:632-645. [PMID: 36165619 PMCID: PMC10040476 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Brain health requires circuits, cells and molecular pathways to adapt when challenged and to promptly reset once the challenge has resolved. Neurodegeneration occurs when adaptability becomes confined, causing challenges to overwhelm neural circuitry. Studies of rare and common neurodegenerative diseases suggest that the accumulation of lipids can compromise circuit adaptability. Using microglia as an example, we review data that suggest increased lipid concentrations cause dysfunctional inflammatory responses to immune challenges, leading to Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and dementia. We highlight current approaches to treat lipid metabolic and clearance pathways and identify knowledge gaps towards restoring adaptive homeostasis in individuals who are at-risk of losing cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Cooper
- Neuroregeneration Research Institute, McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478
| | - Penny Hallett
- Neuroregeneration Research Institute, McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478
| | - Ole Isacson
- Neuroregeneration Research Institute, McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478
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16
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Qian Z, Li B, Meng X, Liao J, Wang G, Li Y, Luo Q, Ye K. Inhibition of asparagine endopeptidase (AEP) effectively treats sporadic Alzheimer's disease in mice. Neuropsychopharmacology 2024; 49:620-630. [PMID: 38030711 PMCID: PMC10789813 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-023-01774-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with cognitive dysfunction as its major clinical symptom. However, there is no disease-modifying small molecular medicine to effectively slow down progression of the disease. Here, we show an optimized asparagine endopeptidase (AEP, also known as δ-secretase) inhibitor, #11 A, that displays an orderly in vivo pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) relationship and robustly attenuates AD pathologies in a sporadic AD mouse model. #11 A is brain permeable with great oral bioavailability. It blocks AEP cleavage of APP and Tau dose-dependently, and significantly decreases Aβ40 and Aβ42 and p-Tau levels in APP/PS1 and Tau P301S mice after oral administration. Notably, #11 A strongly inhibits AEP and prevents mouse APP and Tau fragmentation by AEP, leading to reduction of mouse Aβ42 (mAβ42), mAβ40 and mouse p-Tau181 levels in Thy1-ApoE4/C/EBPβ transgenic mice in a dose-dependent manner. Repeated oral administration of #11 A substantially decreases mAβ aggregation as validated by Aβ PET assay, Tau pathology, neurodegeneration and brain volume reduction, resulting in alleviation of cognitive impairment. Therefore, our results support that #11 A is a disease-modifying preclinical candidate for pharmacologically treating AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengjiang Qian
- Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Bowei Li
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, China
| | - Xin Meng
- Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianming Liao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
| | - Guangxing Wang
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Yanjiao Li
- Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Qian Luo
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Keqiang Ye
- Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, China.
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17
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Blumenfeld J, Yip O, Kim MJ, Huang Y. Cell type-specific roles of APOE4 in Alzheimer disease. Nat Rev Neurosci 2024; 25:91-110. [PMID: 38191720 PMCID: PMC11073858 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-023-00776-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
The ɛ4 allele of the apolipoprotein E gene (APOE), which translates to the APOE4 isoform, is the strongest genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer disease (AD). Within the CNS, APOE is produced by a variety of cell types under different conditions, posing a challenge for studying its roles in AD pathogenesis. However, through powerful advances in research tools and the use of novel cell culture and animal models, researchers have recently begun to study the roles of APOE4 in AD in a cell type-specific manner and at a deeper and more mechanistic level than ever before. In particular, cutting-edge omics studies have enabled APOE4 to be studied at the single-cell level and have allowed the identification of critical APOE4 effects in AD-vulnerable cellular subtypes. Through these studies, it has become evident that APOE4 produced in various types of CNS cell - including astrocytes, neurons, microglia, oligodendrocytes and vascular cells - has diverse roles in AD pathogenesis. Here, we review these scientific advances and propose a cell type-specific APOE4 cascade model of AD. In this model, neuronal APOE4 emerges as a crucial pathological initiator and driver of AD pathogenesis, instigating glial responses and, ultimately, neurodegeneration. In addition, we provide perspectives on future directions for APOE4 research and related therapeutic developments in the context of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Blumenfeld
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Oscar Yip
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Min Joo Kim
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yadong Huang
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Gladstone Center for Translational Advancement, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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18
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Feng J, Goedegebuure SP, Zeng A, Bi Y, Wang T, Payne P, Ding L, DeNardo D, Hawkins W, Fields RC, Li F. sc2MeNetDrug: A computational tool to uncover inter-cell signaling targets and identify relevant drugs based on single cell RNA-seq data. PLoS Comput Biol 2024; 20:e1011785. [PMID: 38181047 PMCID: PMC10796047 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is a powerful technology to investigate the transcriptional programs in stromal, immune, and disease cells, like tumor cells or neurons within the Alzheimer's Disease (AD) brain or tumor microenvironment (ME) or niche. Cell-cell communications within ME play important roles in disease progression and immunotherapy response and are novel and critical therapeutic targets. Though many tools of scRNA-seq analysis have been developed to investigate the heterogeneity and sub-populations of cells, few were designed for uncovering cell-cell communications of ME and predicting the potentially effective drugs to inhibit the communications. Moreover, the data analysis processes of discovering signaling communication networks and effective drugs using scRNA-seq data are complex and involve a set of critical analysis processes and external supportive data resources, which are difficult for researchers who have no strong computational background and training in scRNA-seq data analysis. To address these challenges, in this study, we developed a novel open-source computational tool, sc2MeNetDrug (https://fuhaililab.github.io/sc2MeNetDrug/). It was specifically designed using scRNA-seq data to identify cell types within disease MEs, uncover the dysfunctional signaling pathways within individual cell types and interactions among different cell types, and predict effective drugs that can potentially disrupt cell-cell signaling communications. sc2MeNetDrug provided a user-friendly graphical user interface to encapsulate the data analysis modules, which can facilitate the scRNA-seq data-based discovery of novel inter-cell signaling communications and novel therapeutic regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarui Feng
- Institute for Informatics (I2), Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - S. Peter Goedegebuure
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Amanda Zeng
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Ye Bi
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Genetics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Philip Payne
- Institute for Informatics (I2), Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Li Ding
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - David DeNardo
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - William Hawkins
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Ryan C. Fields
- Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Fuhai Li
- Institute for Informatics (I2), Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
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19
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Huang Z. Evidence that Alzheimer's Disease Is a Disease of Competitive Synaptic Plasticity Gone Awry. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 99:447-470. [PMID: 38669548 PMCID: PMC11119021 DOI: 10.3233/jad-240042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Mounting evidence indicates that a physiological function of amyloid-β (Aβ) is to mediate neural activity-dependent homeostatic and competitive synaptic plasticity in the brain. I have previously summarized the lines of evidence supporting this hypothesis and highlighted the similarities between Aβ and anti-microbial peptides in mediating cell/synapse competition. In cell competition, anti-microbial peptides deploy a multitude of mechanisms to ensure both self-protection and competitor elimination. Here I review recent studies showing that similar mechanisms are at play in Aβ-mediated synapse competition and perturbations in these mechanisms underpin Alzheimer's disease (AD). Specifically, I discuss evidence that Aβ and ApoE, two crucial players in AD, co-operate in the regulation of synapse competition. Glial ApoE promotes self-protection by increasing the production of trophic monomeric Aβ and inhibiting its assembly into toxic oligomers. Conversely, Aβ oligomers, once assembled, promote the elimination of competitor synapses via direct toxic activity and amplification of "eat-me" signals promoting the elimination of weak synapses. I further summarize evidence that neuronal ApoE may be part of a gene regulatory network that normally promotes competitive plasticity, explaining the selective vulnerability of ApoE expressing neurons in AD brains. Lastly, I discuss evidence that sleep may be key to Aβ-orchestrated plasticity, in which sleep is not only induced by Aβ but is also required for Aβ-mediated plasticity, underlining the link between sleep and AD. Together, these results strongly argue that AD is a disease of competitive synaptic plasticity gone awry, a novel perspective that may promote AD research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Huang
- Departments of Neuroscience and Neurology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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20
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Hu Y, Wang X, Zhao Z, Liu M, Ren X, Xian X, Liu C, Wang Q. The Downregulation of ITGAX Exacerbates Amyloid-β Plaque Deposition in Alzheimer's Disease by Increasing Polarization of M1 Microglia. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 100:657-673. [PMID: 38905043 DOI: 10.3233/jad-240118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common sort of neurodegenerative dementia, characterized by its challenging, diverse, and progressive nature. Despite significant progress in neuroscience, the current treatment strategies remain suboptimal. Objective Identifying a more accurate molecular target for the involvement of microglia in the pathogenic process of AD and exploring potential mechanisms via which it could influence disease. Methods We utilized single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis in conjunction with APP/PS1 mouse models to find out the molecular mechanism of AD. With the goal of investigating the cellular heterogeneity of AD, we downloaded the scRNA-seq data from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Additionally, we evaluated learning and memory capacity using the behavioral experiment. We also examined the expression of proteins associated with memory using western blotting. Immunofluorescence was employed to investigate alterations in amyloid plaques and microglia. Results Our findings revealed an upregulation of ITGAX expression in APP/PS1 transgenic mice, which coincided with a downregulation of synaptic plasticity-related proteins, an increase in amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques, and an elevation in the number of M1 microglia. Interestingly, deletion of ITGAX resulted in increased Aβ plaque deposition, a rise in the M1 microglial phenotype, and decreased production of synaptic plasticity-related proteins, all of which contributed to a decline in learning and memory. Conclusions This research suggested that ITGAX may have a beneficial impact on the APP/PS1 mice model, as its decreased expression could exacerbate the impairment of synaptic plasticity and worsen cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xupeng Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Zijun Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Hebei Provincial Chest Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Menglin Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaoqin Ren
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaohui Xian
- Department of Pathophysiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Chunxiao Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Qiujun Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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21
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Ding Y, Peng YY, Li S, Tang C, Gao J, Wang HY, Long ZY, Lu XM, Wang YT. Single-Cell Sequencing Technology and Its Application in the Study of Central Nervous System Diseases. Cell Biochem Biophys 2023:10.1007/s12013-023-01207-3. [PMID: 38133792 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-023-01207-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian central nervous system consists of a large number of cells, which contain not only different types of neurons, but also a large number of glial cells, such as astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and microglia. These cells are capable of performing highly refined electrophysiological activities and providing the brain with functions such as nutritional support, information transmission and pathogen defense. The diversity of cell types and individual differences between cells have brought inspiration to the study of the mechanism of central nervous system diseases. In order to explore the role of different cells, a new technology, single-cell sequencing technology has emerged to perform specific analysis of high-throughput cell populations, and has been continuously developed. Single-cell sequencing technology can accurately analyze single-cell expression in mixed-cell populations and collect cells from different spatial locations, time stages and types. By using single-cell sequencing technology to compare gene expression profiles of normal and diseased cells, it is possible to discover cell subsets associated with specific diseases and their associated genes. Therefore, scientists can understand the development process, related functions and disease state of the nervous system from an unprecedented depth. In conclusion, single-cell sequencing technology provides a powerful technology for the discovery of novel therapeutic targets for central nervous system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Ding
- College of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Yu-Yuan Peng
- College of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China
| | - Sen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Can Tang
- College of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China
| | - Jie Gao
- College of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China
| | - Hai-Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Zai-Yun Long
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Xiu-Min Lu
- College of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, 400054, China.
| | - Yong-Tang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma and Chemical Poisoning, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400042, China.
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22
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Zilberter Y, Tabuena DR, Zilberter M. NOX-induced oxidative stress is a primary trigger of major neurodegenerative disorders. Prog Neurobiol 2023; 231:102539. [PMID: 37838279 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2023.102539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) causing cognitive impairment and dementia are difficult to treat due to the lack of understanding of primary initiating factors. Meanwhile, major sporadic NDDs share many risk factors and exhibit similar pathologies in their early stages, indicating the existence of common initiation pathways. Glucose hypometabolism associated with oxidative stress is one such primary, early and shared pathology, and a likely major cause of detrimental disease-associated cascades; targeting this common pathology may therefore be an effective preventative strategy for most sporadic NDDs. However, its exact cause and trigger remain unclear. Recent research suggests that early oxidative stress caused by NADPH oxidase (NOX) activation is a shared initiating mechanism among major sporadic NDDs and could prove to be the long-sought ubiquitous NDD trigger. We focus on two major NDDs - Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), as well as on acquired epilepsy which is an increasingly recognized comorbidity in NDDs. We also discuss available data suggesting the relevance of the proposed mechanisms to other NDDs. We delve into the commonalities among these NDDs in neuroinflammation and NOX involvement to identify potential therapeutic targets and gain a deeper understanding of the underlying causes of NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Zilberter
- Aix-Marseille Université, INSERM UMR1106, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Marseille, France
| | - Dennis R Tabuena
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Misha Zilberter
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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23
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Nelson MR, Liu P, Agrawal A, Yip O, Blumenfeld J, Traglia M, Kim MJ, Koutsodendris N, Rao A, Grone B, Hao Y, Yoon SY, Xu Q, De Leon S, Choenyi T, Thomas R, Lopera F, Quiroz YT, Arboleda-Velasquez JF, Reiman EM, Mahley RW, Huang Y. The APOE-R136S mutation protects against APOE4-driven Tau pathology, neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. Nat Neurosci 2023; 26:2104-2121. [PMID: 37957317 PMCID: PMC10689245 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-023-01480-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) is the strongest genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD), leading to earlier age of clinical onset and exacerbating pathologies. There is a critical need to identify protective targets. Recently, a rare APOE variant, APOE3-R136S (Christchurch), was found to protect against early-onset AD in a PSEN1-E280A carrier. In this study, we sought to determine if the R136S mutation also protects against APOE4-driven effects in LOAD. We generated tauopathy mouse and human iPSC-derived neuron models carrying human APOE4 with the homozygous or heterozygous R136S mutation. We found that the homozygous R136S mutation rescued APOE4-driven Tau pathology, neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. The heterozygous R136S mutation partially protected against APOE4-driven neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation but not Tau pathology. Single-nucleus RNA sequencing revealed that the APOE4-R136S mutation increased disease-protective and diminished disease-associated cell populations in a gene dose-dependent manner. Thus, the APOE-R136S mutation protects against APOE4-driven AD pathologies, providing a target for therapeutic development against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxine R Nelson
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Peng Liu
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ayushi Agrawal
- Gladstone Institute of Data Science and Biotechnology, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Oscar Yip
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jessica Blumenfeld
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michela Traglia
- Gladstone Institute of Data Science and Biotechnology, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Min Joo Kim
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nicole Koutsodendris
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Antara Rao
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Brian Grone
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Gladstone Center for Translational Advancement, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yanxia Hao
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Gladstone Center for Translational Advancement, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Seo Yeon Yoon
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Qin Xu
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Gladstone Center for Translational Advancement, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Samuel De Leon
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tenzing Choenyi
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Gladstone Center for Translational Advancement, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Reuben Thomas
- Gladstone Institute of Data Science and Biotechnology, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Francisco Lopera
- Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia de la Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Yakeel T Quiroz
- Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia de la Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia
- Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph F Arboleda-Velasquez
- Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear and Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric M Reiman
- Banner Alzheimer's Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Robert W Mahley
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yadong Huang
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Gladstone Center for Translational Advancement, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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24
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Morrison V, Houpert M, Trapani J, Brockman A, Kingsley P, Katdare K, Layden H, Nguena-Jones G, Trevisan A, Maguire-Zeiss K, Marnett L, Bix G, Ihrie R, Carter B. Jedi-1/MEGF12-mediated phagocytosis controls the pro-neurogenic properties of microglia in the ventricular-subventricular zone. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113423. [PMID: 37952151 PMCID: PMC10842823 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia are the primary phagocytes in the central nervous system and clear dead cells generated during development or disease. The phagocytic process shapes the microglia phenotype, which affects the local environment. A unique population of microglia resides in the ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) of neonatal mice, but how they influence the neurogenic niche is not well understood. Here, we demonstrate that phagocytosis contributes to a pro-neurogenic microglial phenotype in the V-SVZ and that these microglia phagocytose apoptotic cells via the engulfment receptor Jedi-1. Deletion of Jedi-1 decreases apoptotic cell clearance, triggering a neuroinflammatory microglia phenotype that resembles dysfunctional microglia in neurodegeneration and aging and that reduces neural precursor proliferation via elevated interleukin-1β signaling; interleukin-1 receptor inhibition rescues precursor proliferation in vivo. Together, these results reveal a critical role for Jedi-1 in connecting microglial phagocytic activity to the maintenance of a pro-neurogenic phenotype in the developing V-SVZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivianne Morrison
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
| | - Matthew Houpert
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Jonathan Trapani
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Asa Brockman
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Philip Kingsley
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Ketaki Katdare
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Hillary Layden
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Gabriela Nguena-Jones
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Alexandra Trevisan
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | | | - Lawrence Marnett
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; A.B. Hancock Jr. Memorial Laboratory for Cancer Research, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Gregory Bix
- Center for Clinical Neuroscience Research, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
| | - Rebecca Ihrie
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA; Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Bruce Carter
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA.
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25
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Rao A, Chen N, Kim MJ, Blumenfeld J, Yip O, Hao Y, Liang Z, Nelson MR, Koutsodendris N, Grone B, Ding L, Yoon SY, Arriola P, Huang Y. Microglia Depletion Reduces Human Neuronal APOE4-Driven Pathologies in a Chimeric Alzheimer's Disease Model. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.10.566510. [PMID: 38014339 PMCID: PMC10680610 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.10.566510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Despite strong evidence supporting the involvement of both apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) and microglia in Alzheimer's Disease (AD) pathogenesis, the effects of microglia on neuronal APOE4-driven AD pathogenesis remain elusive. Here, we examined such effects utilizing microglial depletion in a chimeric model with human neurons in mouse hippocampus. Specifically, we transplanted homozygous APOE4, isogenic APOE3, and APOE-knockout (APOE-KO) induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived human neurons into the hippocampus of human APOE3 or APOE4 knock-in mice, and depleted microglia in half the chimeric mice. We found that both neuronal APOE and microglial presence were important for the formation of Aβ and tau pathologies in an APOE isoform-dependent manner (APOE4 > APOE3). Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis identified two pro-inflammatory microglial subtypes with high MHC-II gene expression that are enriched in chimeric mice with human APOE4 neuron transplants. These findings highlight the concerted roles of neuronal APOE, especially APOE4, and microglia in AD pathogenesis. HIGHLIGHTS Transplanted human APOE4 neurons generate Aβ and p-tau aggregates in APOE4-KI mouse hippocampus.Human neuronal APOE4 promotes the formation of dense-core Aβ plaques and p-tau aggregates.Microglia is required for human neuronal APOE4-driven formation of p-tau aggregates.scRNA-seq reveals enrichment of MHC-II microglia in mice with human APOE4 neuron transplants.
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26
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Connolly KJ, Margaria J, Di Biase E, Cooper O, Hallett PJ, Isacson O. Loss of Lipid Carrier ApoE Exacerbates Brain Glial and Inflammatory Responses after Lysosomal GBA1 Inhibition. Cells 2023; 12:2564. [PMID: 37947642 PMCID: PMC10647680 DOI: 10.3390/cells12212564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Tightly regulated and highly adaptive lipid metabolic and transport pathways are critical to maintaining brain cellular lipid homeostasis and responding to lipid and inflammatory stress to preserve brain function and health. Deficits in the lipid handling genes APOE and GBA1 are the most significant genetic risk factors for Lewy body dementia and related dementia syndromes. Parkinson's disease patients who carry both APOE4 and GBA1 variants have accelerated cognitive decline compared to single variant carriers. To investigate functional interactions between brain ApoE and GBA1, in vivo GBA1 inhibition was tested in WT versus ApoE-deficient mice. The experiments demonstrated glycolipid stress caused by GBA1 inhibition in WT mice induced ApoE expression in several brain regions associated with movement and dementia disorders. The absence of ApoE in ApoE-KO mice amplified complement C1q elevations, reactive microgliosis and astrocytosis after glycolipid stress. Mechanistically, GBA1 inhibition triggered increases in cell surface and intracellular lipid transporters ABCA1 and NPC1, respectively. Interestingly, the absence of NPC1 in mice also triggered elevations of brain ApoE levels. These new data show that brain ApoE, GBA1 and NPC1 functions are interconnected in vivo, and that the removal or reduction of ApoE would likely be detrimental to brain function. These results provide important insights into brain ApoE adaptive responses to increased lipid loads.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Penelope J. Hallett
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology Harvard Medical School, Neuroregeneration Institute, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Ole Isacson
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology Harvard Medical School, Neuroregeneration Institute, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
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27
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Koutsodendris N, Blumenfeld J, Agrawal A, Traglia M, Yip O, Rao A, Kim MJ, Nelson MR, Wang YH, Grone B, Hao Y, Thomas R, Zilberter M, Yoon SY, Arriola P, Huang Y. APOE4-promoted gliosis and degeneration in tauopathy are ameliorated by pharmacological inhibition of HMGB1 release. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113252. [PMID: 37863057 PMCID: PMC10873109 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) is an important driver of Tau pathology, gliosis, and degeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Still, the mechanisms underlying these APOE4-driven pathological effects remain elusive. Here, we report in a tauopathy mouse model that APOE4 promoted the nucleocytoplasmic translocation and release of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) from hippocampal neurons, which correlated with the severity of hippocampal microgliosis and degeneration. Injection of HMGB1 into the hippocampus of young APOE4-tauopathy mice induced considerable and persistent gliosis. Selective removal of neuronal APOE4 reduced HMGB1 translocation and release. Treatment of APOE4-tauopathy mice with HMGB1 inhibitors effectively blocked the intraneuronal translocation and release of HMGB1 and ameliorated the development of APOE4-driven gliosis, Tau pathology, neurodegeneration, and myelin deficits. Single-nucleus RNA sequencing revealed that treatment with HMGB1 inhibitors diminished disease-associated and enriched disease-protective subpopulations of neurons, microglia, and astrocytes in APOE4-tauopathy mice. Thus, HMGB1 inhibitors represent a promising approach for treating APOE4-related AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Koutsodendris
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jessica Blumenfeld
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Ayushi Agrawal
- Gladstone Institute of Data Science and Biotechnology, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Michela Traglia
- Gladstone Institute of Data Science and Biotechnology, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Oscar Yip
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Antara Rao
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Min Joo Kim
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Maxine R Nelson
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Yung-Hua Wang
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Gladstone Center for Translational Advancement, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Brian Grone
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Gladstone Center for Translational Advancement, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Yanxia Hao
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Gladstone Center for Translational Advancement, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Reuben Thomas
- Gladstone Institute of Data Science and Biotechnology, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Misha Zilberter
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Seo Yeon Yoon
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Patrick Arriola
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Yadong Huang
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Gladstone Center for Translational Advancement, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA; Departments of Neurology and Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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28
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Lee WP, Wang H, Dombroski B, Cheng PL, Tucci A, Si YQ, Farrell J, Tzeng JY, Leung YY, Malamon J, Wang LS, Vardarajan B, Farrer L, Schellenberg G. Structural Variation Detection and Association Analysis of Whole-Genome-Sequence Data from 16,905 Alzheimer's Diseases Sequencing Project Subjects. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3353179. [PMID: 37886469 PMCID: PMC10602095 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3353179/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Structural variations (SVs) are important contributors to the genetics of human diseases. However, their role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains largely unstudied due to challenges in accurately detecting SVs. We analyzed whole-genome sequencing data from the Alzheimer's Disease Sequencing Project (N = 16,905) and identified 400,234 (168,223 high-quality) SVs. Laboratory validation yielded a sensitivity of 82% (85% for high-quality). We found a significant burden of deletions and duplications in AD cases, particularly for singletons and homozygous events. On AD genes, we observed the ultra-rare SVs associated with the disease, including protein-altering SVs in ABCA7, APP, PLCG2, and SORL1. Twenty-one SVs are in linkage disequilibrium (LD) with known AD-risk variants, exemplified by a 5k deletion in complete LD with rs143080277 in NCK2. We also identified 16 SVs associated with AD and 13 SVs linked to AD-related pathological/cognitive endophenotypes. This study highlights the pivotal role of SVs in shaping our understanding of AD genetics.
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29
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Krogsaeter EK, McKetney J, Marquez A, Cakir Z, Stevenson E, Jang GM, Rao A, Zhou A, Huang Y, Krogan NJ, Swaney DL. Lysosomal proteomics reveals mechanisms of neuronal apoE4associated lysosomal dysfunction. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.02.560519. [PMID: 37873080 PMCID: PMC10592882 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.02.560519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
ApoE4 is the primary risk factor for Alzheimer's Disease. While apoE is primarily expressed by astrocytes, AD pathology including endosomal abnormalities and mitochondrial dysfunction first occurs in neurons. Lysosomes are poised at the convergence point between these features. We find that apoE4-expressing cells exhibit lysosomal alkalinization, reduced lysosomal proteolysis, and impaired mitophagy. To identify driving factors for this lysosomal dysfunction, we performed quantitative lysosomal proteome profiling. This revealed that apoE4 expression results in lysosomal depletion of Lgals3bp and accumulation of Tmed5 in both Neuro-2a cells and postmitotic human neurons. Modulating the expression of both proteins affected lysosomal function, with Tmed5 knockdown rescuing lysosomal alkalinization in apoE4 cells, and Lgals3bp knockdown causing lysosomal alkalinization and reduced lysosomal density in apoE3 cells. Taken together, our work reveals that apoE4 exerts gain-of-toxicity by alkalinizing the lysosomal lumen, pinpointing lysosomal Tmed5 accumulation and Lgals3bp depletion as apoE4-associated drivers for this phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Einar K. Krogsaeter
- Gladstone Data Science and Biotechnology Institute, The J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California, USA
- Quantitative Bioscience Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Justin McKetney
- Gladstone Data Science and Biotechnology Institute, The J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California, USA
- Quantitative Bioscience Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- These authors contributed equally
| | - Angelica Marquez
- Gladstone Data Science and Biotechnology Institute, The J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California, USA
- Quantitative Bioscience Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Zeynep Cakir
- Gladstone Data Science and Biotechnology Institute, The J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California, USA
- Quantitative Bioscience Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Erica Stevenson
- Gladstone Data Science and Biotechnology Institute, The J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California, USA
- Quantitative Bioscience Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Gwendolyn M. Jang
- Gladstone Data Science and Biotechnology Institute, The J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California, USA
- Quantitative Bioscience Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Antara Rao
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, The J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, USA
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Anton Zhou
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, The J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, USA
| | - Yadong Huang
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, The J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, USA
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, USA
- Gladstone Center for Translational Advancement, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, USA
- Departments of Neurology and Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Nevan J. Krogan
- Gladstone Data Science and Biotechnology Institute, The J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California, USA
- Quantitative Bioscience Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Danielle L. Swaney
- Gladstone Data Science and Biotechnology Institute, The J. David Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California, USA
- Quantitative Bioscience Institute, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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30
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Marottoli FM, Zhang H, Flores-Barrera E, Artur de la Villarmois E, Damen FC, Miguelez Fernández AM, Blesson HV, Chaudhary R, Nguyen AL, Nwokeji AE, Talati R, John AS, Madadakere K, Lutz SE, Cai K, Tseng KY, Tai LM. Endothelial Cell APOE3 Regulates Neurovascular, Neuronal, and Behavioral Function. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023; 43:1952-1966. [PMID: 37650329 PMCID: PMC10521805 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.319816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Specialized brain endothelial cells and human APOE3 are independently important for neurovascular function, yet whether APOE3 expression by endothelial cells contributes to brain function is currently unknown. In the present study, we determined whether the loss of endothelial cell APOE3 impacts brain vascular and neural function. METHODS We developed APOE3fl/fl/Cdh5(PAC)-CreERT2+/- (APOE3Cre+/-) and APOE3fl/fl/Cdh5(PAC)-CreERT2-/- (APOE3Cre-/-, control) mice and induced endothelial cell APOE3 knockdown with tamoxifen at ≈4 to 5 weeks of age. Neurovascular and neuronal function were evaluated by biochemistry, immunohistochemistry, behavioral testing, and electrophysiology at 9 months of age. RESULTS We found that the loss of endothelial APOE3 expression was sufficient to cause neurovascular dysfunction including higher permeability and lower vessel coverage in tandem with deficits in spatial memory and fear memory extinction and a disruption of cortical excitatory/inhibitory balance. CONCLUSIONS Our data collectively support the novel concept that endothelial APOE3 plays a critical role in the regulation of the neurovasculature, neural circuit function, and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felecia M. Marottoli
- Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology (F.M.M., H.Z., E.F.-B., E.A.d.l.V., A.M.M.M.F., H.V.B., R.C., A.L.N., A.E.N., R.T., A.S.J., K.M., S.E.L., K.Y.T., L.M.T.), University of Illinois at Chicago
| | - Hui Zhang
- Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology (F.M.M., H.Z., E.F.-B., E.A.d.l.V., A.M.M.M.F., H.V.B., R.C., A.L.N., A.E.N., R.T., A.S.J., K.M., S.E.L., K.Y.T., L.M.T.), University of Illinois at Chicago
| | - Eden Flores-Barrera
- Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology (F.M.M., H.Z., E.F.-B., E.A.d.l.V., A.M.M.M.F., H.V.B., R.C., A.L.N., A.E.N., R.T., A.S.J., K.M., S.E.L., K.Y.T., L.M.T.), University of Illinois at Chicago
| | - Emilce Artur de la Villarmois
- Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology (F.M.M., H.Z., E.F.-B., E.A.d.l.V., A.M.M.M.F., H.V.B., R.C., A.L.N., A.E.N., R.T., A.S.J., K.M., S.E.L., K.Y.T., L.M.T.), University of Illinois at Chicago
| | | | - Anabel M.M. Miguelez Fernández
- Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology (F.M.M., H.Z., E.F.-B., E.A.d.l.V., A.M.M.M.F., H.V.B., R.C., A.L.N., A.E.N., R.T., A.S.J., K.M., S.E.L., K.Y.T., L.M.T.), University of Illinois at Chicago
| | - Hannah V. Blesson
- Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology (F.M.M., H.Z., E.F.-B., E.A.d.l.V., A.M.M.M.F., H.V.B., R.C., A.L.N., A.E.N., R.T., A.S.J., K.M., S.E.L., K.Y.T., L.M.T.), University of Illinois at Chicago
| | - Rohan Chaudhary
- Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology (F.M.M., H.Z., E.F.-B., E.A.d.l.V., A.M.M.M.F., H.V.B., R.C., A.L.N., A.E.N., R.T., A.S.J., K.M., S.E.L., K.Y.T., L.M.T.), University of Illinois at Chicago
| | - Anthony L. Nguyen
- Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology (F.M.M., H.Z., E.F.-B., E.A.d.l.V., A.M.M.M.F., H.V.B., R.C., A.L.N., A.E.N., R.T., A.S.J., K.M., S.E.L., K.Y.T., L.M.T.), University of Illinois at Chicago
| | - Amanda E. Nwokeji
- Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology (F.M.M., H.Z., E.F.-B., E.A.d.l.V., A.M.M.M.F., H.V.B., R.C., A.L.N., A.E.N., R.T., A.S.J., K.M., S.E.L., K.Y.T., L.M.T.), University of Illinois at Chicago
| | - Ruju Talati
- Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology (F.M.M., H.Z., E.F.-B., E.A.d.l.V., A.M.M.M.F., H.V.B., R.C., A.L.N., A.E.N., R.T., A.S.J., K.M., S.E.L., K.Y.T., L.M.T.), University of Illinois at Chicago
| | - Ashwin S. John
- Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology (F.M.M., H.Z., E.F.-B., E.A.d.l.V., A.M.M.M.F., H.V.B., R.C., A.L.N., A.E.N., R.T., A.S.J., K.M., S.E.L., K.Y.T., L.M.T.), University of Illinois at Chicago
| | - Kushi Madadakere
- Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology (F.M.M., H.Z., E.F.-B., E.A.d.l.V., A.M.M.M.F., H.V.B., R.C., A.L.N., A.E.N., R.T., A.S.J., K.M., S.E.L., K.Y.T., L.M.T.), University of Illinois at Chicago
| | - Sarah E. Lutz
- Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology (F.M.M., H.Z., E.F.-B., E.A.d.l.V., A.M.M.M.F., H.V.B., R.C., A.L.N., A.E.N., R.T., A.S.J., K.M., S.E.L., K.Y.T., L.M.T.), University of Illinois at Chicago
| | - Kejia Cai
- Radiology (F.C.D., K.C.), University of Illinois at Chicago
- Bioengineering (K.C.), University of Illinois at Chicago
| | - Kuei Y. Tseng
- Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology (F.M.M., H.Z., E.F.-B., E.A.d.l.V., A.M.M.M.F., H.V.B., R.C., A.L.N., A.E.N., R.T., A.S.J., K.M., S.E.L., K.Y.T., L.M.T.), University of Illinois at Chicago
| | - Leon M. Tai
- Departments of Anatomy and Cell Biology (F.M.M., H.Z., E.F.-B., E.A.d.l.V., A.M.M.M.F., H.V.B., R.C., A.L.N., A.E.N., R.T., A.S.J., K.M., S.E.L., K.Y.T., L.M.T.), University of Illinois at Chicago
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31
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Lau SF, Wu W, Wong HY, Ouyang L, Qiao Y, Xu J, Lau JHY, Wong C, Jiang Y, Holtzman DM, Fu AKY, Ip NY. The VCAM1-ApoE pathway directs microglial chemotaxis and alleviates Alzheimer's disease pathology. NATURE AGING 2023; 3:1219-1236. [PMID: 37735240 PMCID: PMC10570140 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-023-00491-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
In Alzheimer's disease (AD), sensome receptor dysfunction impairs microglial danger-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) clearance and exacerbates disease pathology. Although extrinsic signals, including interleukin-33 (IL-33), can restore microglial DAMP clearance, it remains largely unclear how the sensome receptor is regulated and interacts with DAMP during phagocytic clearance. Here, we show that IL-33 induces VCAM1 in microglia, which promotes microglial chemotaxis toward amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaque-associated ApoE, and leads to Aβ clearance. We show that IL-33 stimulates a chemotactic state in microglia, characterized by Aβ-directed migration. Functional screening identified that VCAM1 directs microglial Aβ chemotaxis by sensing Aβ plaque-associated ApoE. Moreover, we found that disrupting VCAM1-ApoE interaction abolishes microglial Aβ chemotaxis, resulting in decreased microglial clearance of Aβ. In patients with AD, higher cerebrospinal fluid levels of soluble VCAM1 were correlated with impaired microglial Aβ chemotaxis. Together, our findings demonstrate that promoting VCAM1-ApoE-dependent microglial functions ameliorates AD pathology.
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Grants
- This work was supported in part by the National Key R&D Program of China (2021YFE0203000), the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong (the Collaborative Research Fund [C6027-19GF], the Theme-Based Research Scheme [T13-605/18W], and the General Research Fund [HKUST16103122]), the Areas of Excellence Scheme of the University Grants Committee (AoE/M-604/16), the Innovation and Technology Commission (InnoHK, and ITCPD/17-9), the Guangdong Provincial Key S&T Program Grant (2018B030336001); the Guangdong Provincial Fund for Basic and Applied Basic Research (2019B1515130004), the NSFC-RGC Joint Research Scheme (32061160472), the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Fund (2019001 and 2019003), and the Fundamental Research Program of Shenzhen Virtual University Park (2021Szvup137).
- S.-F.L. is a recipient of the Hong Kong Postdoctoral Fellowship Award from the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China (Project No. HKUST PDFS2122-6S02).
- W.W. is a recipient of the Hong Kong PhD Fellowship Award.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun-Fat Lau
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hiu Yi Wong
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li Ouyang
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yi Qiao
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiahui Xu
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jessica Hiu-Yan Lau
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Carlton Wong
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuanbing Jiang
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - David M Holtzman
- Department of Neurology, Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Charles F. and Joanne Knight Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Amy K Y Fu
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Nancy Y Ip
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Molecular Neuroscience Center, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China.
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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32
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Widjaya MA, Liu CH, Lee SD, Cheng WC. Transcriptomics Meta-Analysis Reveals Phagosome and Innate Immune System Dysfunction as Potential Mechanisms in the Cortex of Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Strains. J Mol Neurosci 2023; 73:773-786. [PMID: 37733230 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-023-02152-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Immune-related pathways can affect the immune system directly, such as the chemokine signaling pathway, or indirectly, such as the phagosome pathway. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is reportedly associated with several immune-related pathways. However, exploring its underlying mechanism is challenging in animal studies because AD mouse strains differentially express immune-related pathway characteristics. To overcome this problem, we performed a meta-analysis to identify significant and consistent immune-related AD pathways that are expressed in different AD mouse strains. Next-generation RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and microarray datasets for the cortex of AD mice from different strains such as APP/PSEN1, APP/PS2, 3xTg, TREM, and 5xFAD were collected from the NCBI GEO database. Each dataset's quality control and normalization were already processed from each original study source using various methods depending on the high-throughput analysis platform (FastQC, median of ratios, RMA, between array normalization). Datasets were analyzed using DESeq2 for RNA-seq and GEO2R for microarray to identify differentially expressed (DE) genes. Significantly DE genes were meta-analyzed using Stouffer's method, with significant genes further analyzed for functional enrichment. Ten datasets representing 20 conditions were obtained from the NCBI GEO database, comprising 116 control and 120 AD samples. The DE analysis identified 284 significant DE genes. The meta-analysis identified three significantly enriched immune-related AD pathways: phagosome, the complement and coagulation cascade, and chemokine signaling. Phagosomes-related genes correlated with complement and immune system. Meanwhile, phagosomes and chemokine signaling genes overlapped with B cells receptors pathway genes indicating potential correlation between phagosome, chemokines, and adaptive immune system as well. The transcriptomic meta-analysis showed that AD is associated with immune-related pathways in the brain's cortex through the phagosome, complement and coagulation cascade, and chemokine signaling pathways. Interestingly, phagosome and chemokine signaling pathways had potential correlation with B cells receptors pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Anekson Widjaya
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsin Liu
- Cancer Biology and Precision Therapeutics Center, China Medical University and Academia Sinica China Medical University, Taichung, 40403, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Da Lee
- Department of Physical Therapy, PhD program in Healthcare Science, China Medical University, Taichung, 406040, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Chung Cheng
- Cancer Biology and Precision Therapeutics Center, China Medical University and Academia Sinica China Medical University, Taichung, 40403, Taiwan.
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, China Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taichung, Taiwan.
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33
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Kellogg CM, Pham K, Machalinski AH, Porter HL, Blankenship HE, Tooley KB, Stout MB, Rice HC, Sharpe AL, Beckstead MJ, Chucair-Elliott AJ, Ocañas SR, Freeman WM. Microglial MHC-I induction with aging and Alzheimer's is conserved in mouse models and humans. GeroScience 2023; 45:3019-3043. [PMID: 37393197 PMCID: PMC10643718 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00859-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Major histocompatibility complex I (MHC-I) CNS cellular localization and function is still being determined after previously being thought to be absent from the brain. MHC-I expression has been reported to increase with brain aging in mouse, rat, and human whole tissue analyses, but the cellular localization was undetermined. Neuronal MHC-I is proposed to regulate developmental synapse elimination and tau pathology in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we report that across newly generated and publicly available ribosomal profiling, cell sorting, and single-cell data, microglia are the primary source of classical and non-classical MHC-I in mice and humans. Translating ribosome affinity purification-qPCR analysis of 3-6- and 18-22-month-old (m.o.) mice revealed significant age-related microglial induction of MHC-I pathway genes B2m, H2-D1, H2-K1, H2-M3, H2-Q6, and Tap1 but not in astrocytes and neurons. Across a timecourse (12-23 m.o.), microglial MHC-I gradually increased until 21 m.o. and then accelerated. MHC-I protein was enriched in microglia and increased with aging. Microglial expression, and absence in astrocytes and neurons, of MHC-I-binding leukocyte immunoglobulin-like (Lilrs) and paired immunoglobin-like type 2 (Pilrs) receptor families could enable cell -autonomous MHC-I signaling and increased with aging in mice and humans. Increased microglial MHC-I, Lilrs, and Pilrs were observed in multiple AD mouse models and human AD data across methods and studies. MHC-I expression correlated with p16INK4A, suggesting an association with cellular senescence. Conserved induction of MHC-I, Lilrs, and Pilrs with aging and AD opens the possibility of cell-autonomous MHC-I signaling to regulate microglial reactivation with aging and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collyn M Kellogg
- Genes and Human Disease Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13Th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Kevin Pham
- Genes and Human Disease Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13Th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Adeline H Machalinski
- Genes and Human Disease Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13Th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Hunter L Porter
- Genes and Human Disease Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13Th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Harris E Blankenship
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Kyla B Tooley
- Genes and Human Disease Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13Th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Michael B Stout
- Aging and Metabolism Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Heather C Rice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Amanda L Sharpe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Michael J Beckstead
- Aging and Metabolism Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Oklahoma City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Ana J Chucair-Elliott
- Genes and Human Disease Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13Th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Sarah R Ocañas
- Genes and Human Disease Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13Th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Willard M Freeman
- Genes and Human Disease Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 NE 13Th Street, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
- Oklahoma City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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Kim MS, Cho K, Cho MH, Kim NY, Kim K, Kim DH, Yoon SY. Neuronal MHC-I complex is destabilized by amyloid-β and its implications in Alzheimer's disease. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:181. [PMID: 37773139 PMCID: PMC10540404 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01132-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS The expression of major histocompatibility complex I (MHC-I) in neurons has recently been shown to regulate neurite outgrowth and synaptic plasticity. However, its contribution to neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains largely unknown. METHODS In this study, we investigated the relationship between impaired MHC-I-β2M complex and AD in vitro and human AD samples. Interaction between protein was identified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and confirmed by immunoprecipitation. Single-chain trimer of MHC-I-β2M was generated to study the effect of stabilization of MHC-I-β2M complex on NCAM1 signaling. RESULTS MHC-I is destabilized in the brains of AD patients and neuronal cells treated with oligomeric β-amyloid (Aβ). Specifically, Aβ oligomers disassemble the MHC-I-β2-microglobulin (β2M) complex, leading to reduced interactions with neural cell adhesion molecule 1 (NCAM1), a novel interactor of neuronal MHC-I, and decreased signaling. Inhibition of MHC-I-β2M complex destabilization by non-dissociable MHC-I-β2M-peptide complex restored MHC-I-NCAM1 signaling in neuronal cells. CONCLUSIONS The current study demonstrated that disruption of MHC-1-NCAM1 signaling by Aβ induced disassembly of MHC-I-β2M complex is involved in the pathophysiology of AD. Moreover, our findings suggest modulation of MHC-I stability may be a potential therapeutic target for restoring synaptic function in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Seok Kim
- ADEL Institute of Science & Technology (AIST), ADEL, Inc., Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwangmin Cho
- ADEL Institute of Science & Technology (AIST), ADEL, Inc., Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi-Hyang Cho
- ADEL Institute of Science & Technology (AIST), ADEL, Inc., Seoul, Korea
| | - Na-Young Kim
- ADEL Institute of Science & Technology (AIST), ADEL, Inc., Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyunggon Kim
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Convergence Medicine Research Center/Biomedical Research Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Hou Kim
- Department of Brain Science, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Seung-Yong Yoon
- ADEL Institute of Science & Technology (AIST), ADEL, Inc., Seoul, Korea.
- Department of Brain Science, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Stevenson ME, Bieri G, Kaletsky R, St Ange J, Remesal L, Pratt KJB, Zhou S, Weng Y, Murphy CT, Villeda SA. Neuronal activation of G αq EGL-30/GNAQ late in life rejuvenates cognition across species. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113151. [PMID: 37713310 PMCID: PMC10627507 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of cognitive function with age is devastating. EGL-30/GNAQ and Gαq signaling pathways are highly conserved between C. elegans and mammals, and murine Gnaq is enriched in hippocampal neurons and declines with age. We found that activation of EGL-30 in aged worms triples memory span, and GNAQ gain of function significantly improved memory in aged mice: GNAQ(gf) in hippocampal neurons of 24-month-old mice (equivalent to 70- to 80-year-old humans) rescued age-related impairments in well-being and memory. Single-nucleus RNA sequencing revealed increased expression of genes regulating synaptic function, axon guidance, and memory in GNAQ-treated mice, and worm orthologs of these genes were required for long-term memory extension in worms. These experiments demonstrate that C. elegans is a powerful model to identify mammalian regulators of memory, leading to the identification of a pathway that improves memory in extremely old mice. To our knowledge, this is the oldest age at which an intervention has improved age-related cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan E Stevenson
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Gregor Bieri
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Bakar Aging Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Rachel Kaletsky
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Jonathan St Ange
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - L Remesal
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Bakar Aging Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Karishma J B Pratt
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Bakar Aging Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Shiyi Zhou
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Yifei Weng
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Coleen T Murphy
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
| | - Saul A Villeda
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Bakar Aging Research Institute, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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Wang J, Zhou F, Xiong CE, Wang GP, Chen LW, Zhang YT, Qi SG, Wang ZH, Mei C, Xu YJ, Zhan JB, Cheng J. Serum sirtuin1: a potential blood biomarker for early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Aging (Albany NY) 2023; 15:9464-9478. [PMID: 37742223 PMCID: PMC10564418 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sirtuin 1, a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent deacetylase that is highly expressed in the hippocampus and anterior cortex tissues related to Alzheimer's Disease pathology, can cross the blood-brain barrier and is a promising biomarker. METHODS A 1:1:1 case-control study was conducted and serum fasting blood glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, SIRT1, IL-6, Aβ1-42, T-tau and P-tau-181 levels were evaluated in blood samples of 26 patients form the Alzheimer's Disease group, 26 patients form the mild cognitive impairment group, and 26 individuals form the normal control group. Receiver operator characteristic curves were used to evaluate the diagnostic significance. RESULTS Serum SIRT1 level was significantly down-regulated in the mild cognitive impairment patients and Alzheimer's Disease patients compared with that in the normal control group (P<0.05). ROC curve analysis demonstrated that SIRT1 was a promising biomarker to distinguish Alzheimer's Disease patients from the mild cognitive impairment patients and the normal control group. In addition, SIRT1 was estimated to perform well in the diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease ([AUC] = 0.742). CONCLUSIONS In summary, the present study suggested that serum SIRT1 might be an early promising diagnostic biomarker for Alzheimer's Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Wang
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, Hubei, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, Hubei, China
| | - Fang Zhou
- Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Chang-E Xiong
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, Hubei, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, Hubei, China
| | - Gui-Ping Wang
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, Hubei, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, Hubei, China
| | - Lin-Wanyue Chen
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, Hubei, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, Hubei, China
| | - Yu-Tong Zhang
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Shi-Ge Qi
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Zhi-Hui Wang
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Can Mei
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, Hubei, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, Hubei, China
| | - Yu-Jia Xu
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, Hubei, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, Hubei, China
| | - Jian-Bo Zhan
- Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Cheng
- School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, Hubei, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, Hubei, China
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Wang H, Dombroski BA, Cheng PL, Tucci A, Si YQ, Farrell JJ, Tzeng JY, Leung YY, Malamon JS, Wang LS, Vardarajan BN, Farrer LA, Schellenberg GD, Lee WP. Structural Variation Detection and Association Analysis of Whole-Genome-Sequence Data from 16,905 Alzheimer's Diseases Sequencing Project Subjects. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.09.13.23295505. [PMID: 37745545 PMCID: PMC10516060 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.13.23295505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Structural variations (SVs) are important contributors to the genetics of numerous human diseases. However, their role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains largely unstudied due to challenges in accurately detecting SVs. Here, we analyzed whole-genome sequencing data from the Alzheimer's Disease Sequencing Project (ADSP, N=16,905 subjects) and identified 400,234 (168,223 high-quality) SVs. We found a significant burden of deletions and duplications in AD cases (OR=1.05, P=0.03), particularly for singletons (OR=1.12, P=0.0002) and homozygous events (OR=1.10, P<0.0004). On AD genes, the ultra-rare SVs, including protein-altering SVs in ABCA7, APP, PLCG2, and SORL1, were associated with AD (SKAT-O P=0.004). Twenty-one SVs are in linkage disequilibrium (LD) with known AD-risk variants, e.g., a deletion (chr2:105731359-105736864) in complete LD (R2=0.99) with rs143080277 (chr2:105749599) in NCK2. We also identified 16 SVs associated with AD and 13 SVs associated with AD-related pathological/cognitive endophenotypes. Our findings demonstrate the broad impact of SVs on AD genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
| | - Beth A Dombroski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
| | - Po-Liang Cheng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
| | - Albert Tucci
- Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, NC 27695, USA
| | - Ya-Qin Si
- Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, NC 27695, USA
| | - John J Farrell
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, MA 02118, USA
| | - Jung-Ying Tzeng
- Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, NC 27695, USA
| | - Yuk Yee Leung
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
| | - John S Malamon
- Department of Surgery, Scholl of Medicine, University of Colorado, CO 80045, USA
| | - Li-San Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
| | - Badri N Vardarajan
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Neurology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University and the New York Presbyterian Hospital, NY 10032, USA
| | - Lindsay A Farrer
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, MA 02118, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, MA 02118, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston University School of Medicine, MA 02118, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, MA 02118, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, MA 02118, USA
| | - Gerard D Schellenberg
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
| | - Wan-Ping Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
- Penn Neurodegeneration Genomics Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
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Yang H, Qin Q, Wang M, Yin Y, Li R, Tang Y. Crosstalk between peripheral immunity and central nervous system in Alzheimer's disease. Cell Immunol 2023; 391-392:104743. [PMID: 37451918 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2023.104743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The significance of peripheral immunity in the pathogenesis and progression of Alzheimer's diseases (AD) has been recognized. Brain-infiltrated peripheral immune components transporting across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) may reshape the central immune environment. However, mechanisms of how these components open the BBB for AD occurrence and development and correlations between peripheral and central immunity have not been fully explored. Herein, we formulate a hypothesis whereby peripheral immunity as a critical factor allows AD to progress. Peripheral central immune cell crosstalk is associated with early AD pathology and related risk factors. The damaged BBB permits peripheral immune cells to enter the central immune system to deprive its immune privilege promoting the progression toward developing AD. This review summarizes the influences of risk factors on peripheral immunity, alongside their functions, highlighting the concept of peripheral and central immunity as an integrated system in AD pathogenesis, which has received scant attention before.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanchen Yang
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Qin
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yunsi Yin
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiyang Li
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Tang
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders, Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, China; Neurodegenerative Laboratory of Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Beijing Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, Beijing, China.
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段 婷, 初 金, 胡 斐. [Identification of Peripheral Blood GZMK + CD8 + T Cells As Biomarkers of Alzheimer's Disease Based on Single-Cell Transcriptome]. SICHUAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF SICHUAN UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCE EDITION 2023; 54:863-873. [PMID: 37866940 PMCID: PMC10579064 DOI: 10.12182/20230960107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Objective Based on single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to explore immune characteristics in the peripheral blood of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) as biomarkers. Methods GSE168522, the scRNA-seq dataset of AD peripheral blood immune cells, was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and was analyzed in the RAD-Blood web server (http://www.bioinform.cn/RAD-Blood/). The changes in blood cell composition in AD patients were analyzed. The abnormal communications between different types of cells in AD patients were investigated by the CellChat R package. Results There were two kinds of CD8 + T cells in the blood of AD patients and healthy individuals, one of which highly expressed granzyme K ( GZMK) (false discovery rate [FDR]<0.05), and the other highly expressed GZMA, GZMB, and GZMH (FDR<0.05). In the blood of AD patients, the content of GZMK + CD8 + T cells was increased by 32.9% ( P=5.15E-21), their interactions with other cell types were increased, and they might be associated with AD through the abnormal signal transduction of major histocompatibility complex class Ⅰ (MHC-Ⅰ). Erythrocyte provided the main ligands, that are, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class Ⅰ molecules, including HLA- A, HLA- B, HLA- C, and HLA- E, for the abnormal MHC-Ⅰ signaling pathway of GZMK + CD8 + T cells. The RESISTIN signaling pathway was specifically enriched in the blood of AD patients. Conclusion The increased content of peripheral blood GZMK + CD8 + T cells, the increased interaction between GZMK + CD8 + T cells and erythrocytes, and the enhanced RESISTIN pathway are potential blood biomarkers of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- 婷婷 段
- 武汉科技大学医学院 脑科学先进技术研究院 (武汉 430081)Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
| | - 金语 初
- 武汉科技大学医学院 脑科学先进技术研究院 (武汉 430081)Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
| | - 斐斐 胡
- 武汉科技大学医学院 脑科学先进技术研究院 (武汉 430081)Brain Science and Advanced Technology Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
- 武汉科技大学附属亚洲心脏病医院 (武汉 430022)Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
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Lee H, Aylward AJ, Pearse RV, Lish AM, Hsieh YC, Augur ZM, Benoit CR, Chou V, Knupp A, Pan C, Goberdhan S, Duong DM, Seyfried NT, Bennett DA, Taga MF, Huynh K, Arnold M, Meikle PJ, De Jager PL, Menon V, Young JE, Young-Pearse TL. Cell-type-specific regulation of APOE and CLU levels in human neurons by the Alzheimer's disease risk gene SORL1. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112994. [PMID: 37611586 PMCID: PMC10568487 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
SORL1 is implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) through genetic studies. To interrogate the roles of SORL1 in human brain cells, SORL1-null induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were differentiated to neuron, astrocyte, microglial, and endothelial cell fates. Loss of SORL1 leads to alterations in both overlapping and distinct pathways across cell types, with the greatest effects in neurons and astrocytes. SORL1 loss induces a neuron-specific reduction in apolipoprotein E (APOE) and clusterin (CLU) and altered lipid profiles. Analyses of iPSCs derived from a large cohort reveal a neuron-specific association between SORL1, APOE, and CLU levels, a finding validated in postmortem brain. Enhancement of retromer-mediated trafficking rescues tau phenotypes observed in SORL1-null neurons but does not rescue APOE levels. Pathway analyses implicate transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)/SMAD signaling in SORL1 function, and modulating SMAD signaling in neurons alters APOE RNA levels in a SORL1-dependent manner. Taken together, these data provide a mechanistic link between strong genetic risk factors for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Lee
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aimee J Aylward
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richard V Pearse
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexandra M Lish
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yi-Chen Hsieh
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zachary M Augur
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Courtney R Benoit
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vicky Chou
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Allison Knupp
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Cheryl Pan
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Srilakshmi Goberdhan
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Duc M Duong
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mariko F Taga
- Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology and the Taub Institute for the Study of Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kevin Huynh
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Baker Department of Cardiovascular Research, Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthias Arnold
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Peter J Meikle
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Baker Department of Cardiovascular Research, Translation and Implementation, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Philip L De Jager
- Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology and the Taub Institute for the Study of Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vilas Menon
- Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology and the Taub Institute for the Study of Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jessica E Young
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tracy L Young-Pearse
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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41
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Haney MS, Pálovics R, Munson CN, Long C, Johansson P, Yip O, Dong W, Rawat E, West E, Schlachetzki JCM, Tsai A, Guldner IH, Lamichhane BS, Smith A, Schaum N, Calcuttawala K, Shin A, Wang YH, Wang C, Koutsodendris N, Serrano GE, Beach TG, Reiman EM, Glass CK, Abu-Remaileh M, Enejder A, Huang Y, Wyss-Coray T. APOE4/4 is linked to damaging lipid droplets in Alzheimer's microglia. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.21.549930. [PMID: 37546938 PMCID: PMC10401952 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.21.549930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Several genetic risk factors for Alzheimer's Disease (AD) implicate genes involved in lipid metabolism and many of these lipid genes are highly expressed in glial cells. However, the relationship between lipid metabolism in glia and AD pathology remains poorly understood. Through single-nucleus RNA-sequencing of AD brain tissue, we have identified a microglial state defined by the expression of the lipid droplet (LD) associated enzyme ACSL1 with ACSL1-positive microglia most abundant in AD patients with the APOE4/4 genotype. In human iPSC-derived microglia (iMG) fibrillar Aβ (fAβ) induces ACSL1 expression, triglyceride synthesis, and LD accumulation in an APOE-dependent manner. Additionally, conditioned media from LD-containing microglia leads to Tau phosphorylation and neurotoxicity in an APOE-dependent manner. Our findings suggest a link between genetic risk factors for AD with microglial LD accumulation and neurotoxic microglial-derived factors, potentially providing novel therapeutic strategies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S. Haney
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Equal contribution
| | - Róbert Pálovics
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Equal contribution
| | - Christy Nicole Munson
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Chris Long
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Patrik Johansson
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Oscar Yip
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, US
| | - Wentao Dong
- The Institute for Chemistry, Engineering & Medicine for Human Health (ChEM-H), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Eshaan Rawat
- The Institute for Chemistry, Engineering & Medicine for Human Health (ChEM-H), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth West
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Johannes CM Schlachetzki
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Andy Tsai
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ian Hunter Guldner
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Bhawika S. Lamichhane
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Amanda Smith
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas Schaum
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kruti Calcuttawala
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Shin
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yung-Hua Wang
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, US
| | - Chengzhong Wang
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, US
| | - Nicole Koutsodendris
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, US
- Development and Stem Cell Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, US
| | - Geidy E Serrano
- Laboratory of Neuropathology, Banner Sun Health Research Institute, Sun City, AZ, USA
| | - Thomas G Beach
- Banner Alzheimer’s Institute and Arizona Alzheimer’s Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Eric M Reiman
- Banner Alzheimer’s Institute and Arizona Alzheimer’s Consortium, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Christopher K Glass
- Development and Stem Cell Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, US
| | - Monther Abu-Remaileh
- The Institute for Chemistry, Engineering & Medicine for Human Health (ChEM-H), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Annika Enejder
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yadong Huang
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, US
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, US
- Development and Stem Cell Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, US
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Tony Wyss-Coray
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- The Phil and Penny Knight Initiative for Brain Resilience, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
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42
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Guo S, Yang J. Bayesian genome-wide TWAS with reference transcriptomic data of brain and blood tissues identified 93 risk genes for Alzheimer's disease dementia. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.07.06.23292336. [PMID: 37503151 PMCID: PMC10370241 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.06.23292336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Background Transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) is an influential tool for identifying novel genes associated with complex diseases, where their genetic effects may be mediated through transcriptome. TWAS utilizes reference genetic and transcriptomic data to estimate genetic effect sizes on expression quantitative traits of target genes (i.e., effect sizes of a broad sense of expression quantitative trait loci, eQTL). These estimated effect sizes are then employed as variant weights in burden gene-based association test statistics, facilitating the mapping of risk genes for complex diseases with genome-wide association study (GWAS) data. However, most existing TWAS of Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia have primarily focused on cis -eQTL, disregarding potential trans -eQTL. To overcome this limitation, we applied the Bayesian Genome-wide TWAS (BGW-TWAS) method which incorporated both cis - and trans -eQTL of brain and blood tissues to enhance mapping risk genes for AD dementia. Methods We first applied BGW-TWAS to the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) V8 dataset to estimate cis - and trans -eQTL effect sizes of the prefrontal cortex, cortex, and whole blood tissues. Subsequently, estimated eQTL effect sizes were integrated with the summary data of the most recent GWAS of AD dementia to obtain BGW-TWAS (i.e., gene-based association test) p-values of AD dementia per tissue type. Finally, we used the aggregated Cauchy association test to combine TWAS p-values across three tissues to obtain omnibus TWAS p-values per gene. Results We identified 37 genes in prefrontal cortex, 55 in cortex, and 51 in whole blood that were significantly associated with AD dementia. By combining BGW-TWAS p-values across these three tissues, we obtained 93 significant risk genes including 29 genes primarily due to trans -eQTL and 50 novel genes. Utilizing protein-protein interaction network and phenotype enrichment analyses with these 93 significant risk genes, we detected 5 functional clusters comprised of both known and novel AD risk genes and 7 enriched phenotypes. Conclusion We applied BGW-TWAS and aggregated Cauchy test methods to integrate both cis - and trans -eQTL data of brain and blood tissues with GWAS summary data to identify risk genes of AD dementia. The risk genes we identified provide novel insights into the underlying biological pathways implicated in AD dementia.
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43
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Xiong J, Zhang Z, Ye K. C/EBPβ/AEP Signaling Drives Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis. Neurosci Bull 2023; 39:1173-1185. [PMID: 36735152 PMCID: PMC10313643 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-023-01025-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia. Almost two-thirds of patients with AD are female. The reason for the higher susceptibility to AD onset in women is unclear. However, hormone changes during the menopausal transition are known to be associated with AD. Most recently, we reported that follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) promotes AD pathology and enhances cognitive dysfunctions via activating the CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein (C/EBPβ)/asparagine endopeptidase (AEP) pathway. This review summarizes our current understanding of the crucial role of the C/EBPβ/AEP pathway in driving AD pathogenesis by cleaving multiple critical AD players, including APP and Tau, explaining the roles and the mechanisms of FSH in increasing the susceptibility to AD in postmenopausal females. The FSH-C/EBPβ/AEP pathway may serve as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xiong
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Zhentao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Keqiang Ye
- Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Shenzhen, 518034, China.
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44
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Hou X, Zhang X, Zou H, Guan M, Fu C, Wang W, Zhang ZR, Geng Y, Chen Y. Differential and substrate-specific inhibition of γ-secretase by the C-terminal region of ApoE2, ApoE3, and ApoE4. Neuron 2023; 111:1898-1913.e5. [PMID: 37040764 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant low γ-secretase activity is associated with most of the presenilin mutations that underlie familial Alzheimer's disease (fAD). However, the role of γ-secretase in the more prevalent sporadic AD (sAD) remains unaddressed. Here, we report that human apolipoprotein E (ApoE), the most important genetic risk factor of sAD, interacts with γ-secretase and inhibits it with substrate specificity in cell-autonomous manners through its conserved C-terminal region (CT). This ApoE CT-mediated inhibitory activity is differentially compromised in different ApoE isoforms, resulting in an ApoE2 > ApoE3 > ApoE4 potency rank order inversely correlating to their associated AD risk. Interestingly, in an AD mouse model, neuronal ApoE CT migrates to amyloid plaques in the subiculum from other regions and alleviates the plaque burden. Together, our data reveal a hidden role of ApoE as a γ-secretase inhibitor with substrate specificity and suggest that this precision γ-inhibition by ApoE may protect against the risk of sAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglong Hou
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Haike Rd., B13, Pudongxinqu, Shanghai 201210, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xuexin Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Haike Rd., B13, Pudongxinqu, Shanghai 201210, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huan Zou
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Haike Rd., B13, Pudongxinqu, Shanghai 201210, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mingfeng Guan
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Haike Rd., B13, Pudongxinqu, Shanghai 201210, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chaoying Fu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Haike Rd., B13, Pudongxinqu, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Wenyuan Wang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Haike Rd., B13, Pudongxinqu, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Zai-Rong Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Haike Rd., B13, Pudongxinqu, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yang Geng
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Haike Rd., B13, Pudongxinqu, Shanghai 201210, China.
| | - Yelin Chen
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100 Haike Rd., B13, Pudongxinqu, Shanghai 201210, China.
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45
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Piccarducci R, Giacomelli C, Bertilacchi MS, Benito-Martinez A, Di Giorgi N, Daniele S, Signore G, Rocchiccioli S, Vilar M, Marchetti L, Martini C. Apolipoprotein E ε4 triggers neurotoxicity via cholesterol accumulation, acetylcholine dyshomeostasis, and PKCε mislocalization in cholinergic neuronal cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023:166793. [PMID: 37336366 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
The Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) has been known to regulate cholesterol and β-amyloid (Aβ) production, redistribution, and elimination, in the central nervous system (CNS). The ApoE ε4 polymorphic variant leads to impaired brain cholesterol homeostasis and amyloidogenic pathway, thus representing the major risk factor for Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Currently, less is known about the molecular mechanisms connecting ApoE ε4-related cholesterol metabolism and cholinergic system degeneration, one of the main AD pathological features. Herein, in vitro cholinergic neuron models were developed in order to study ApoE neuronal expression and investigate the possible interplay between cholesterol metabolism and cholinergic pathway impairment prompted by ε4 isoform. Particularly, alterations specifically occurring in ApoE ε4-carrying neurons (i.e. increased intracellular ApoE, amyloid precursor protein (APP), and Aβ levels, elevated apoptosis, and reduced cell survival) were recapitulated. ApoE ε4 expression was found to increase intracellular cholesterol accumulation, by regulating the related gene expression, while reducing cholesterol precursor acetyl-CoA, which in turn fuels the acetylcholine (ACh) synthesis route. In parallel, although the ACh intracellular signalling was activated, as demonstrated by the boosted extracellular ACh as well as increased IP3 and Ca2+, the PKCε activation via membrane translocation was surprisingly suppressed, probably explained by the cholesterol overload in ApoE ε4 neuron-like cells. Consequently, the PKC-dependent anti-apoptotic and neuroprotective roles results impaired, reliably adding to other causes of cell death prompted by ApoE ε4. Overall, the obtained data open the way to further critical considerations of ApoE ε4-dependent cholesterol metabolism dysregulation in the alteration of cholinergic pathway, neurotoxicity, and neuronal death.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Andrea Benito-Martinez
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia-CSIC Spanish National Research Council, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Simona Daniele
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Marçal Vilar
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia-CSIC Spanish National Research Council, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Laura Marchetti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
| | - Claudia Martini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
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46
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Zhang L, Xia Y, Gui Y. Neuronal ApoE4 in Alzheimer's disease and potential therapeutic targets. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1199434. [PMID: 37333457 PMCID: PMC10272394 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1199434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The most prevalent genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD) is Apolipoprotein E (ApoE), a gene located on chromosome 19 that encodes three alleles (e2, e3, and e4) that give rise to the ApoE subtypes E2, E3, and E4, respectively. E2 and E4 have been linked to increased plasma triglyceride concentrations and are known to play a critical role in lipoprotein metabolism. The prominent pathological features of AD mainly include senile plaques formed by amyloid β (Aβ42) aggregation and neuronal fibrous tangles (NFTs), and the deposited plaques are mainly composed of Aβ hyperphosphorylation and truncated head. In the central nervous system, the ApoE protein is primarily derived from astrocytes, but ApoE is also produced when neurons are stressed or affected by certain stress, injury, and aging conditions. ApoE4 in neurons induces Aβ and tau protein pathologies, leading to neuroinflammation and neuronal damage, impairing learning and memory functions. However, how neuronal ApoE4 mediates AD pathology remains unclear. Recent studies have shown that neuronal ApoE4 may lead to greater neurotoxicity, which increases the risk of AD development. This review focuses on the pathophysiology of neuronal ApoE4 and explains how neuronal ApoE4 mediates Aβ deposition, pathological mechanisms of tau protein hyperphosphorylation, and potential therapeutic targets.
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Kellogg CM, Pham K, Machalinski AH, Porter HL, Blankenship HE, Tooley K, Stout MB, Rice HC, Sharpe AL, Beckstead MJ, Chucair-Elliott AJ, Ocañas SR, Freeman WM. Microglial MHC-I induction with aging and Alzheimer's is conserved in mouse models and humans. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.07.531435. [PMID: 36945372 PMCID: PMC10028873 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.07.531435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Major Histocompatibility Complex I (MHC-I) CNS cellular localization and function is still being determined after previously being thought to be absent from the brain. MHC-I expression has been reported to increase with brain aging in mouse, rat, and human whole tissue analyses but the cellular localization was undetermined. Neuronal MHC-I is proposed to regulate developmental synapse elimination and tau pathology in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here we report that across newly generated and publicly available ribosomal profiling, cell sorting, and single-cell data, microglia are the primary source of classical and non-classical MHC-I in mice and humans. Translating Ribosome Affinity Purification-qPCR analysis of 3-6 and 18-22 month old (m.o.) mice revealed significant age-related microglial induction of MHC-I pathway genes B2m , H2-D1 , H2-K1 , H2-M3 , H2-Q6 , and Tap1 but not in astrocytes and neurons. Across a timecourse (12-23 m.o.), microglial MHC-I gradually increased until 21 m.o. and then accelerated. MHC-I protein was enriched in microglia and increased with aging. Microglial expression, and absence in astrocytes and neurons, of MHC-I binding Leukocyte Immunoglobulin-like (Lilrs) and Paired immunoglobin-like type 2 (Pilrs) receptor families could enable cell-autonomous MHC-I signaling and increased with aging in mice and humans. Increased microglial MHC-I, Lilrs, and Pilrs were observed in multiple AD mouse models and human AD data across methods and studies. MHC-I expression correlated with p16INK4A , suggesting an association with cellular senescence. Conserved induction of MHC-I, Lilrs, and Pilrs with aging and AD opens the possibility of cell-autonomous MHC-I signaling to regulate microglial reactivation with aging and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collyn M. Kellogg
- Genes & Human Disease Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK USA
| | - Kevin Pham
- Genes & Human Disease Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK USA
| | - Adeline H. Machalinski
- Genes & Human Disease Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK USA
| | - Hunter L. Porter
- Genes & Human Disease Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK USA
| | - Harris E. Blankenship
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Kyla Tooley
- Genes & Human Disease Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Michael B. Stout
- Aging & Metabolism Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK USA
| | - Heather C. Rice
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK USA
| | - Amanda L. Sharpe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Michael J. Beckstead
- Aging & Metabolism Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK USA
- Oklahoma City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK USA
| | - Ana J. Chucair-Elliott
- Genes & Human Disease Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK USA
| | - Sarah R. Ocañas
- Genes & Human Disease Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK USA
| | - Willard M. Freeman
- Genes & Human Disease Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK USA
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK USA
- Oklahoma City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK USA
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48
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Zhao Y, Zheng Q, Hong Y, Gao Y, Hu J, Lang M, Zhang H, Zhou Y, Luo H, Zhang X, Sun H, Yan XX, Huang TY, Wang YJ, Xu H, Liu C, Wang X. β 2-Microglobulin coaggregates with Aβ and contributes to amyloid pathology and cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease model mice. Nat Neurosci 2023:10.1038/s41593-023-01352-1. [PMID: 37264159 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-023-01352-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Extensive studies indicate that β-amyloid (Aβ) aggregation is pivotal for Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression; however, cumulative evidence suggests that Aβ itself is not sufficient to trigger AD-associated degeneration, and whether other additional pathological factors drive AD pathogenesis remains unclear. Here, we characterize pathogenic aggregates composed of β2-microglobulin (β2M) and Aβ that trigger neurodegeneration in AD. β2M, a component of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC class I), is upregulated in the brains of individuals with AD and constitutes the amyloid plaque core. Elevation of β2M aggravates amyloid pathology independent of MHC class I, and coaggregation with β2M is essential for Aβ neurotoxicity. B2m genetic ablation abrogates amyloid spreading and cognitive deficits in AD mice. Antisense oligonucleotide- or monoclonal antibody-mediated β2M depletion mitigates AD-associated neuropathology, and inhibition of β2M-Aβ coaggregation with a β2M-based blocking peptide ameliorates amyloid pathology and cognitive deficits in AD mice. Our findings identify β2M as an essential factor for Aβ neurotoxicity and a potential target for treating AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yini Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qiuyang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yujuan Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yue Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jiaojiao Hu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Maoju Lang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hongfeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- National Institute for Data Science in Health and Medicine, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Hao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiao-Xin Yan
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Central South University Xiangya Medical School, Changsha, China
| | - Timothy Y Huang
- Degenerative Diseases Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yan-Jiang Wang
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huaxi Xu
- Center for Brain Sciences, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Institute for Brain Science and Disease, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Cong Liu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, Institute of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Xiamen University, Shenzhen, China.
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49
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Young-Pearse TL, Lee H, Hsieh YC, Chou V, Selkoe DJ. Moving beyond amyloid and tau to capture the biological heterogeneity of Alzheimer's disease. Trends Neurosci 2023; 46:426-444. [PMID: 37019812 PMCID: PMC10192069 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) manifests along a spectrum of cognitive deficits and levels of neuropathology. Genetic studies support a heterogeneous disease mechanism, with around 70 associated loci to date, implicating several biological processes that mediate risk for AD. Despite this heterogeneity, most experimental systems for testing new therapeutics are not designed to capture the genetically complex drivers of AD risk. In this review, we first provide an overview of those aspects of AD that are largely stereotyped and those that are heterogeneous, and we review the evidence supporting the concept that different subtypes of AD are important to consider in the design of agents for the prevention and treatment of the disease. We then dive into the multifaceted biological domains implicated to date in AD risk, highlighting studies of the diverse genetic drivers of disease. Finally, we explore recent efforts to identify biological subtypes of AD, with an emphasis on the experimental systems and data sets available to support progress in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy L Young-Pearse
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Hyo Lee
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yi-Chen Hsieh
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vicky Chou
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dennis J Selkoe
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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50
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Abdelwahab T, Stadler D, Knöpper K, Arampatzi P, Saliba AE, Kastenmüller W, Martini R, Groh J. Cytotoxic CNS-associated T cells drive axon degeneration by targeting perturbed oligodendrocytes in PLP1 mutant mice. iScience 2023; 26:106698. [PMID: 37182098 PMCID: PMC10172788 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Myelin defects lead to neurological dysfunction in various diseases and in normal aging. Chronic neuroinflammation often contributes to axon-myelin damage in these conditions and can be initiated and/or sustained by perturbed myelinating glia. We have previously shown that distinct PLP1 mutations result in neurodegeneration that is largely driven by adaptive immune cells. Here we characterize CD8+ CNS-associated T cells in myelin mutants using single-cell transcriptomics and identify population heterogeneity and disease-associated changes. We demonstrate that early sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulation attenuates T cell recruitment and neural damage, while later targeting of CNS-associated T cell populations is inefficient. Applying bone marrow chimerism and utilizing random X chromosome inactivation, we provide evidence that axonal damage is driven by cytotoxic, antigen specific CD8+ T cells that target mutant myelinating oligodendrocytes. These findings offer insights into neural-immune interactions and are of translational relevance for neurological conditions associated with myelin defects and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tassnim Abdelwahab
- Department of Neurology, Section of Developmental Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - David Stadler
- Department of Neurology, Section of Developmental Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Konrad Knöpper
- Institute for Systems Immunology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Antoine-Emmanuel Saliba
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA-based Infection Research, Helmholtz-Center for Infection Research, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Rudolf Martini
- Department of Neurology, Section of Developmental Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Janos Groh
- Department of Neurology, Section of Developmental Neurobiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Corresponding author
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