1
|
Tiwari P, Elgazzaz M, Lazartigues E, Hanif K. Effect of Diminazene Aceturate, an ACE2 activator, on platelet CD40L signaling induced glial activation in rat model of hypertension. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 139:112654. [PMID: 38996777 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Hypertension causes platelet activation and adhesion in the brain resulting in glial activation and neuroinflammation. Further, activation of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2/Angiotensin (1-7)/Mas Receptor (ACE2/Ang (1-7)/MasR) axis of central Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS), is known to reduce glial activation and neuroinflammation, thereby exhibiting anti-hypertensive and anti-neuroinflammatory properties. Therefore, in the present study, the role of ACE2/Ang (1-7)/MasR axis was studied on platelet-induced glial activation and neuroinflammation using Diminazene Aceturate (DIZE), an ACE2 activator, in astrocytes and microglial cells as well as in rat model of hypertension. We found that the ACE2 activator DIZE, independently of its BP-lowering properties, efficiently prevented hypertension-induced glial activation, neuroinflammation, and platelet CD40-CD40L signaling via upregulation of ACE2/Ang (1-7)/MasR axis. Further, DIZE decreased platelet deposition in the brain by reducing the expression of adhesion molecules on the brain endothelium. Activation of ACE2 also reduced hypertension-induced endothelial dysfunction by increasing eNOS bioavailability. Interestingly, platelets isolated from hypertensive rats or activated with ADP had significantly increased sCD40L levels and induced significantly more glial activation than platelets from DIZE treated group. Therefore, injection of DIZE pre-treated ADP-activated platelets into normotensive rats strongly reduced glial activation compared to ADP-treated platelets. Moreover, CD40L-induced glial activation, CD40 expression, and NFкB-NLRP3 inflammatory signaling are reversed by DIZE. Furthermore, the beneficial effects of ACE2 activation, DIZE was found to be significantly blocked by MLN4760 (ACE2 inhibitor) as well as A779 (MasR antagonist) treatments. Hence, our study demonstrated that ACE2 activation reduced the platelet CD40-CD40L induced glial activation and neuroinflammation, hence imparted neuroprotection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priya Tiwari
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, U.P., India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Mona Elgazzaz
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Eric Lazartigues
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Kashif Hanif
- Division of Pharmacology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, U.P., India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mohammed SM, Al-Saedi HFS, Mohammed AQ, Amir AA, Radi UK, Sattar R, Ahmad I, Ramadan MF, Alshahrani MY, Balasim HM, Alawadi A. Mechanisms of Bleomycin-induced Lung Fibrosis: A Review of Therapeutic Targets and Approaches. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024:10.1007/s12013-024-01384-9. [PMID: 38955925 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-024-01384-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary toxicity is a serious side effect of some specific anticancer drugs. Bleomycin is a well-known anticancer drug that triggers severe reactions in the lungs. It is an approved drug that may be prescribed for the treatment of testicular cancers, Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, ovarian cancer, head and neck cancers, and cervical cancer. A large number of experimental studies and clinical findings show that bleomycin can concentrate in lung tissue, leading to massive oxidative stress, alveolar epithelial cell death, the proliferation of fibroblasts, and finally the infiltration of immune cells. Chronic release of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic molecules by immune cells and fibroblasts leads to pneumonitis and fibrosis. Both fibrosis and pneumonitis are serious concerns for patients who receive bleomycin and may lead to death. Therefore, the management of lung toxicity following cancer therapy with bleomycin is a critical issue. This review explains the cellular and molecular mechanisms of pulmonary injury following treatment with bleomycin. Furthermore, we review therapeutic targets and possible promising strategies for ameliorating bleomycin-induced lung injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa M Mohammed
- Department of Pharmacy, Al- Mustaqbal University College, 51001, Hilla, Babylon, Iraq
| | | | | | - Ahmed Ali Amir
- Department of Medical Laboratories Technology, Al-Nisour University College, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Usama Kadem Radi
- College of Pharmacy, National University of Science and Technology, Nasiriyah, Dhi Qar, Iraq
| | - Ruaa Sattar
- Al-Hadi University College, Baghdad, 10011, Iraq
| | - Irfan Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohammad Y Alshahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Halah Majeed Balasim
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technologies, Al Rafidain University College, Bagdad, Iraq
| | - Ahmed Alawadi
- College of technical engineering, the Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
- College of technical engineering, the Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq
- College of technical engineering, the Islamic University of Babylon, Hilla, Iraq
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dong T, Huang D, Jin Z. Mechanism of sodium butyrate, a metabolite of gut microbiota, regulating cardiac fibroblast transdifferentiation via the NLRP3/Caspase-1 pyroptosis pathway. J Cardiothorac Surg 2024; 19:208. [PMID: 38616256 PMCID: PMC11017590 DOI: 10.1186/s13019-024-02692-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) are activated after initial injury, and then differentiate into myofibroblasts (MFs), which play a pivotal role as the primary mediator cells in pathological remodeling. Sodium butyrate (NaB), being a metabolite of gut microbiota, exhibits anti-inflammatory property in local therapies on sites other than the intestine. Thus, this study aimed to probe the mechanism by which NaB regulates CFs transdifferentiation through the NLRP3/Caspase-1 pyroptosis pathway. METHODS CFs were cultured in vitro and induced into MFs by TGFβ1. CFs were identified by immunofluorescence labelling technique of vimentin and α-SMA, followed by treatment with NaB or NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor (CY-09) and its activator [nigericin sodium salt (NSS)]. The expression levels of α-SMA, GSDMD-N/NLRP3/cleaved Caspase-1 proteins, and inflammatory factors IL-1β/IL-18/IL-6/IL-10 were determined using immunofluorescence, Western blot and ELISA. Cell proliferation and migration were evaluated using the CCK-8 assay and the cell scratch test, respectively. RESULTS Following the induction of TGFβ1, CFs exhibited increased expression levels of α-SMA proteins and IL-6/IL-10, as well as cell proliferative and migratory abilities. TGFβ1 induced CFs to differentiate into MFs, while NaB inhibited this differentiation. NaB inactivated the NLRP3/Caspase-1 pyroptosis pathway. CY-09 demonstrated inhibitory effects on the NLRP3/Caspase-1 pyroptosis pathway, leading to a reduction in TGFβ1-induced CFs transdifferentiation. NSS activated the NLRP3/Caspase-1 pyroptosis pathway, and thus partially counteracting the inhibitory effect of intestinal microbiota metabolite NaB on CFs transdifferentiation. CONCLUSION NaB, a metabolite of the gut microbiota, inhibited the activation of the NLRP3/Caspase-1 pyroptosis pathway in TGFβ1-induced CFs, repressed the transdifferentiation of CFs into MFs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiancheng Dong
- Department of Intensive care unit, Wenzhou TCM Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 9 Liuhongqiao Jiaowei Road, Wenzhou City, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Dingkao Huang
- Department of Intensive care unit, Wenzhou TCM Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 9 Liuhongqiao Jiaowei Road, Wenzhou City, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhengzheng Jin
- Department of Intensive care unit, Wenzhou TCM Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No. 9 Liuhongqiao Jiaowei Road, Wenzhou City, 325000, Zhejiang Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yousef M, Rob M, Varghese S, Rao S, Zamir F, Paul P, Chaari A. The effect of microbiome therapy on COVID-19-induced gut dysbiosis: A narrative and systematic review. Life Sci 2024; 342:122535. [PMID: 38408636 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Emerging evidence highlights the role of COVID-19 in instigating gut dysbiosis, with repercussions on disease severity and bidirectional gut-organ communication involving the lung, heart, brain, and liver. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in addressing gut dysbiosis associated with COVID-19, as well as their impact on related disease severity and clinical outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS We systematically review 27 studies exploring the efficacy of different microbiome-modulating therapies: probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation as potential interventions for COVID-19. KEY FINDINGS The probiotics and synbiotics investigated encompassed a spectrum of eight bacterial and fungal genera, namely Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Streptococcus, Enterococcus, Pediococcus, Bacillus, Saccharomyces, and Kluyveromyces. Noteworthy prebiotics employed in these studies included chestnut tannin, galactooligosaccharides, fructooligosaccharides, xylooligosaccharide, and resistant dextrin. The majority of the investigated biotics exhibited positive effects on COVID-19 patients, manifesting in symptom alleviation, inflammation reduction, and notable decreases in mortality rates. Five studies reported death rates, showing an average mortality ranging from 0 % to 11 % in the intervention groups, as compared to 3 % to 30 % in the control groups. Specifically, probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics demonstrated efficacy in diminishing the duration and severity of symptoms while significantly accelerating viral and symptomatic remission. FMT emerged as a particularly effective strategy, successfully restoring gut microbiota and ameliorating gastrointestinal disorders. SIGNIFICANCE The insights gleaned from this review significantly contribute to our broader comprehension of the therapeutic potential of biotics in addressing COVID-19-related gut dysbiosis and mitigating secondary multi-organ complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Yousef
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation-Education City, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mlaak Rob
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation-Education City, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sanish Varghese
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation-Education City, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shrinidhi Rao
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation-Education City, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Fahad Zamir
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation-Education City, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Pradipta Paul
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation-Education City, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ali Chaari
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Qatar Foundation-Education City, P.O. Box 24144, Doha, Qatar.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sun Y, Jin D, Zhang Z, Ji H, An X, Zhang Y, Yang C, Sun W, Zhang Y, Duan Y, Kang X, Jiang L, Zhao X, Lian F. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation in kidney diseases: Mechanisms and therapeutic potential. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2023; 1866:194967. [PMID: 37553065 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2023.194967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
The N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification is regulated by methylases, commonly referred to as "writers," and demethylases, known as "erasers," leading to a dynamic and reversible process. Changes in m6A levels have been implicated in a wide range of cellular processes, including nuclear RNA export, mRNA metabolism, protein translation, and RNA splicing, establishing a strong correlation with various diseases. Both physiologically and pathologically, m6A methylation plays a critical role in the initiation and progression of kidney disease. The methylation of m6A may also facilitate the early diagnosis and treatment of kidney diseases, according to accumulating research. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the potential role and mechanism of m6A methylation in kidney diseases, as well as its potential application in the treatment of such diseases. There will be a thorough examination of m6A methylation mechanisms, paying particular attention to the interplay between m6A writers, m6A erasers, and m6A readers. Furthermore, this paper will elucidate the interplay between various kidney diseases and m6A methylation, summarize the expression patterns of m6A in pathological kidney tissues, and discuss the potential therapeutic benefits of targeting m6A in the context of kidney diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Sun
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - De Jin
- Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ziwei Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Hangyu Ji
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuedong An
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuehong Zhang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cunqing Yang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjie Sun
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yingying Duan
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomin Kang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Linlin Jiang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuefei Zhao
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fengmei Lian
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wu C, Liu H, Ba M, Zha J, Gao Z, Li L, Xu P, Li M, Cai F, Chen M, Wu X, Guo L, Zhang H. Angiotensin-converting enzyme - human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells improve pulmonary vascular remodeling in rats with pulmonary hypertension by promoting angiogenesis and counteracting inflammation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2023; 16:282-293. [PMID: 37970332 PMCID: PMC10641367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Human Amniotic Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hAMSCs) have strong multidirectional differentiation ability. Studies have found that transfection of target genes into target cells by lentivirus can enhance the differentiation potential of the cells. Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) was found to improve vascular remodeling. Research is lacking on ACE2-hAMSCs. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the ability to improve pulmonary arterial hypertension using ACE2-hAMSCs. METHODS Lentiviruses overexpressing ACE2 were mixed with hAMSCs. Then, ACE2-hAMSCs and hAMSCs with good growth in logarithmic growth phase were collected. We detected their migration and angiogenesis. RT-qPCR technology was used to detect the expression levels of genes related to angiogenesis, and inflammation in the two cell lines, and western-blotting was used to detect the expression levels of ACE2. As an animal study, 21 rats were randomly divided into four different groups. Right heart hypertrophy, pulmonary angiogenesis, and serum inflammatory factors were measured before dissection. H&E staining was used to observe the inflammatory infiltration of lung tissues. RESULTS The migration and angiogenesis of ACE2-hAMSCs were strongerthan that of hAMSCs alone. The expressions of genes in ACE2-hAMSCs were higher, and the expression of ACE2 protein in ACE2-hAMSCs was less. H&E staining showed that the inflammatory infilration of lung tissue in ACE2-hAMSCs groups was significantly improved. In addition, the ACE2-hAMSCs group had stronger pro-angiogenesis and anti-inflammatory effects. CONCLUSION These results suggest that ACE2-hAMSCs can repair pulmonary vascular endothelial cell injury caused by pulmonary hypertension by promoting angiogenesis and anti-inflammatory ability. This shows that ACE2-hAMSCs have stronger ability to improve pulmonary vascular remodeling than hAMSCs alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changfang Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second People’s Hospital of GuiyangGuiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical UniversityFoshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingchuan Ba
- Department of Cardiology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical UniversityFoshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie Zha
- The Graduate School, Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhen Gao
- The Graduate School, Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Lijun Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical UniversityFoshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Peiyuan Xu
- Department of Cardiology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical UniversityFoshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Minfei Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical UniversityFoshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Fusheng Cai
- Department of Cardiology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical UniversityFoshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Mingjie Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical UniversityFoshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaona Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical UniversityFoshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Lin Guo
- Department of Cardiology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical UniversityFoshan, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongzhe Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical UniversityFoshan, Guangdong, China
- The Graduate School, Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang, Guizhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ravarotto V, Bertoldi G, Rigato M, Pagnin E, Gobbi L, Davis PA, Calò LA. Tracing angiotensin II's yin-yang effects on cardiovascular-renal pathophysiology. Minerva Med 2023; 114:56-67. [PMID: 34180640 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4806.21.07440-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Adverse changes in cardiovascular and renal systems are major contributors to overall morbidity and mortality. Human cardiovascular and renal systems exhibit a complex network of positive and negative feedback that is reflected in the control of vascular tone via angiotensin II (Ang II) based signaling. This review will examine in some depth, the multiple components and processes that control the status and reflect the health of these various cardiovascular and renal systems, such as pathways associated to monomeric G proteins, RhoA/Rho kinase system and ERK, oxidative stress and NO balance. It will specifically emphasize the "yin-yang" nature of Ang II signaling by comparing and contrasting the effects and activity of various systems, pathways and components found in hypertension to those found in Gitelman's and Bartter's syndromes (GS/BS), two rare autosomal recessive tubulopathies characterized by electrolytic imbalance, metabolic alkalosis, sodium wasting and prominent activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Notwithstanding the activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, GS/BS are normo-hypotensive and protected from cardiovascular-renal remodeling and therefore can be considered the mirror image, the opposite of hypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Verdiana Ravarotto
- Unit of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Giovanni Bertoldi
- Unit of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Matteo Rigato
- Unit of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Elisa Pagnin
- Unit of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Laura Gobbi
- Unit of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Paul A Davis
- Department of Nutrition, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Lorenzo A Calò
- Unit of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy -
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wu C, Chen Y, Zhou P, Hu Z. Recombinant human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 plays a protective role in mice with sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction through multiple signaling pathways dependent on converting angiotensin II to angiotensin 1-7. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2023; 11:13. [PMID: 36760245 PMCID: PMC9906207 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-6016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Background Sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction (SICD) is a common complication of sepsis and contributes to mortality and the complexity of management in patients with sepsis. Recombinant human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (rhACE2) has been reported to protect the heart from injury and dysfunction in conditions which involve increased angiotensin II (Ang II). In this study, we aimed to detect the effects of rhACE2 on SICD. Methods A SICD model was developed in male C57/B6 mice by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) intraperitoneal injection. When cardiac dysfunction was confirmed by echocardiography 3 hours after LPS administration, mice were treated with either saline, rhACE2, or rhACE2 + A779. All mice received echocardiographic examination at 6 hours after LPS injection and then were sacrificed for serum and myocardial tissues collection. Angiotensin, cardiac troponin I (cTnI), and inflammatory markers in serum were measured. Histopathology features were examined by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining to evaluate structure injury and cell pyroptosis rate in heart tissue respectively. Pyroptosis-related proteins and signaling pathways involved in nucleotide binding and oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation in heart tissue were investigated by western blot (WB). Results RhACE2 relieved myocardial injury and improved cardiac function in mice with SICD accompanied by decrease of Ang II and increase of angiotensin 1-7 (Ang 1-7) in serum. RhACE2 diminished activation of NLRP3 inflammasome, inflammatory response, and cell pyroptosis induced by LPS. In addition, rhACE2 partly inhibited activation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, and promoted activation of the AMP-activated protein kinase-α1 (AMPK-α1) pathway in heart tissue. Administration of A779 offset the inhibitive effects of rhACE2 on NLRP3 expression and protective role on cardiac injury and dysfunction in mice with SICD. Conclusions RhACE2 plays a protective role in SICD, ameliorating cardiac injury and dysfunction through NF-κB, p38 MAPK, and the AMPK-α1/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway dependent on converting Ang II to Ang 1-7.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunxue Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China;,Intensive Care Unit of Emergency Department, Neurology Branch of Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, China;,Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and Intervention, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuhong Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China;,Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and Intervention, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Pan Zhou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China;,Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and Intervention, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhenjie Hu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China;,Hebei Key Laboratory of Critical Disease Mechanism and Intervention, Shijiazhuang, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sun C, Zhao H, Han Y, Wang Y, Sun X. The Role of Inflammasomes in COVID-19: Potential Therapeutic Targets. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2022; 42:406-420. [PMID: 35984324 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2022.0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) pandemic has caused massive morbidity and mortality worldwide. In severe cases, it is mainly associated with acute pneumonia, cytokine storm, and multi-organ dysfunction. Inflammasomes play a primary role in various pathological processes such as infection, injury, and cancer. However, their role in COVID-19-related complications has not been explored. In addition, the role of underlying medical conditions on COVID-19 disease severity remains unclear. Therefore, this review expounds on the mechanisms of inflammasomes following COVID-19 infection and provides recent evidence on the potential double-edged sword effect of inflammasomes during COVID-19 pathogenesis. The assembly and activation of inflammasomes are critical for inducing effective antiviral immune responses and disease resolution. However, uncontrolled activation of inflammasomes causes excessive production of proinflammatory cytokines (cytokine storm), increased risk of acute respiratory distress syndrome, and death. Therefore, discoveries in the role of the inflammasome in mediating organ injury are key to identifying therapeutic targets and treatment modifications to prevent or reduce COVID-19-related complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Sun
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hangyuan Zhao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yunze Han
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yiqing Wang
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiao Sun
- Department of Basic Medical Research Center, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cheng Q, Chen M, Wang H, Chen X, Wu H, Du Y, Xue J. MicroRNA-27a-3p inhibits lung and skin fibrosis of systemic sclerosis by negatively regulating SPP1. Genomics 2022; 114:110391. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2022.110391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
11
|
Lam M, Mansell A, Tate MD. Another One Fights the Dust - Targeting the NLRP3 Inflammasome for the Treatment of Silicosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2022; 66:601-611. [PMID: 35290170 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2021-0545tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Silicosis is a multifaceted lung disease, characterised by persistent inflammation and structural remodelling. Despite its poor prognosis, there are no treatments currently available for patients with silicosis. Recent pre-clinical findings in models of lung fibrosis have suggested a major role for the nucleotide binding domain and leucine-rich repeat pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in silica-driven inflammation and fibrosis. This review outlines the beneficial effects of targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome in in vitro cell experiments and in in vivo animal models, whereby inflammation and fibrosis are abrogated following NLRP3 inflammasome inhibition. While preclinical evidence is promising, studies which explore NLRP3 inflammasomes in the clinical setting are warranted. In particular, there is still a need to identify biomarkers which may be helpful for the early detection of silicosis and to fully elucidate mechanisms underlying these beneficial effects to further develop or repurpose existing anti-NLRP3 drugs as novel treatments that limit disease progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maggie Lam
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, 366840, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Monash University , Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ashley Mansell
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, 366840, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Monash Univerisity, Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Adiso Therapeutics Inc, Concord, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Michelle D Tate
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, 366840, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Monash University, Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences, Clayton, Victoria, Australia;
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Romero A, Dongil P, Valencia I, Vallejo S, Hipólito-Luengo ÁS, Díaz-Araya G, Bartha JL, González-Arlanzón MM, Rivilla F, de la Cuesta F, Sánchez-Ferrer CF, Peiró C. Pharmacological Blockade of NLRP3 Inflammasome/IL-1β-Positive Loop Mitigates Endothelial Cell Senescence and Dysfunction. Aging Dis 2022; 13:284-297. [PMID: 35111374 PMCID: PMC8782550 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2021.0617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical relevance of IL-1β in chronic inflammation underlying atherosclerosis has been reinforced by recent evidence associating pharmacological inhibition of the cytokine with lower cardiovascular risk. Previously, we have demonstrated a direct involvement of IL-1β in endothelial senescence. Therefore, this can be a key mechanism contributing to the sterile inflammatory milieu associated with aging, termed inflammaging. In the present study, we have evaluated whether a positive feedback of IL-1β in the NLRP3 inflammasome via NF-κB could promote human endothelial senescence in vitro and murine endothelial dysfunction in vivo. Our results indicate that the NLRP3 inflammasome is pivotal in mediating the detrimental effects of IL-1β, showing that auto-activation is a crucial feature boosting endothelial cell senescence in vitro, which is paralleled by vascular dysfunction in vivo. Hence, the inhibitor of NLRP3 inflammasome assembly, MCC 950, was able to disrupt the aforementioned positive loop, thus alleviating inflammation, cell senescence and vascular dysfunction. Besides, we explored alternative NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitory agents such as the RAS heptapeptide Ang-(1-7) and the anti-aging protein klotho, both of which demonstrated protective effects in vitro and in vivo. Altogether, our results highlight a fundamental role for the hereby described NLRP3 inflammasome/IL-1β positive feedback loop in stress-induced inflammaging and the associated vascular dysfunction, additionally providing evidence of a potential therapeutic use of MCC 950, Ang-(1-7) and recombinant klotho to block this loop and its deleterious effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Romero
- 1Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,2Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Dongil
- 1Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,2Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Inés Valencia
- 1Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,2Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain.,3PhD Programme in Pharmacology and Physiology, Doctoral School, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Vallejo
- 1Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,2Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Álvaro San Hipólito-Luengo
- 1Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,2Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Díaz-Araya
- 4Department of Pharmacological and Toxicological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,5Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - José L Bartha
- 2Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain.,6Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María M González-Arlanzón
- 6Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Rivilla
- 7Division of Pediatric Surgery, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando de la Cuesta
- 1Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,2Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos F Sánchez-Ferrer
- 1Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,2Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Concepción Peiró
- 1Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,2Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Universitario La Paz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Elshafei A, Khidr EG, El-Husseiny AA, Gomaa MH. RAAS, ACE2 and COVID-19; a mechanistic review. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:6465-6470. [PMID: 34305426 PMCID: PMC8270731 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients has been claimed as associated with the risk of COVID-19 infection and its subsequent morbidities and mortalities. These claims were resulting from the possibility of upregulating the expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), facilitation of SARS-CoV-2 entry, and increasing the susceptibility of infection in such treated cardiovascular patients. ACE2 and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) products have a critical function in controlling the severity of lung injury, fibrosis, and failure following the initiation of the disease. This review is to clarify the mechanisms beyond the possible deleterious effects of angiotensin II (Ang II), and the potential protective role of angiotensin 1-7 (Ang 1-7) against pulmonary fibrosis, with a subsequent discussion of the latest updates on ACEIs/ARBs use and COVID-19 susceptibility in the light of these mechanisms and biochemical explanation.
Collapse
Key Words
- ACE1, angiotensin-converting enzyme 1
- ACE2
- ACE2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2
- ACEIs
- ACEIs, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors
- AEC-II, alveolar epithelial type II cells
- ARBs
- ARBs, angiotensin receptor blockers
- AT1R, angiotensin type 1 receptor
- AT2R, angiotensin type 2 receptor
- Ang 1-7, angiotensin 1-7
- Ang 1-9, angiotensin 1-9
- AngI, angiotensin I
- AngII, angiotensin II
- Angiotensin 1–7
- Angiotensin II
- COVID-19
- COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019
- CVD, cardiovascular disease
- ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase
- ICU, intensive care unit
- MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase
- NLRP3, (NOD, LRR, and pyrin domain-containing protein 3)
- RAAS, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
- TGF-β, transforming growth factor-beta
- miR-21, microRNA-21
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Elshafei
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Emad Gamil Khidr
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A. El-Husseiny
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maher H. Gomaa
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Khaleel EF. l-Thyroxine induces left ventricular remodeling and fibrosis in rats by upregulating miR-21 in a reactive oxygen-dependent mechanism: a protective role of N-acetylcysteine. Drug Chem Toxicol 2021; 45:2758-2768. [PMID: 34641738 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2021.1986251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
miR-21 is the most studied pro-fibrotic marker in the majority of mammalian tissues. The precise mechanism by which hyperthyroidism induces left ventricular LV fibrosis and remodeling remains unclear. In this study, we have investigated the role of miR-21 on l-thyroxine (l-Thy)-induced cardiac fibrosis in rats. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups as control, l-Thy, l-Thy + miR antagomir (inhibitor), and l-Thy + N-acetylcysteine (NAC/glutathione (GSH) precursor). Administration of l-Thy significantly increased mRNA levels of miR-21 in the LVs of the treated rats. Also, it impaired the LV systolic and diastolic function and increased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the transactivation of NF-κB p65, the expression of NRLP3 inflammasome, and levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in these LVs. Concomitantly, l-Thy increased the ventricular collagen deposition, and stimulated the expression of collagen 1/3, alpha-smooth actin (α-SMA), transforming growth factor-β1, and Smad3/p-Smad3 but suppressed the expression of Smad7. All these effects were reversed by pre-treatment with miR-21 antagomir or co-administration of NAC. In conclusion, l-Thy-induced LV remodeling and fibrosis include a ROS-dependent upregulation of miR-21 which in turns activates NF-κB/NRLP3 inflammasome and suppresses SMad7.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eman F Khaleel
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang W, Yang N, Yang YH, Wen R, Liu CF, Zhang TN. Non-Coding RNAs: Master Regulators of Inflammasomes in Inflammatory Diseases. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:5023-5050. [PMID: 34616171 PMCID: PMC8490125 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s332840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging data indicates that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) represent more than just “junk sequences” of the genome and have been found to be involved in multiple diseases by regulating various biological process, including the activation of inflammasomes. As an important aspect of innate immunity, inflammasomes are large immune multiprotein complexes that tightly regulate the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediate pyroptosis; the activation of the inflammasomes is a vital biological process in inflammatory diseases. Recent studies have emphasized the function of ncRNAs in the fine control of inflammasomes activation either by directly targeting components of the inflammasomes or by controlling the activity of various factors that control the activation of inflammasomes; consequently, ncRNAs may represent potential therapeutic targets for inflammatory diseases. Understanding the precise role of ncRNAs in controlling the activation of inflammasomes will help us to design targeted therapies for multiple inflammatory diseases. In this review, we summarize the regulatory role and therapeutic potential of ncRNAs in the activation of inflammasomes by focusing on a range of inflammatory diseases, including microbial infection, sterile inflammatory diseases, and fibrosis-related diseases. Our goal is to provide new ideas and perspectives for future research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ni Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Hang Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ri Wen
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Feng Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Tie-Ning Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Non-coding RNAs: The key regulators in NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated inflammatory diseases. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 100:108105. [PMID: 34481143 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammasomes are multiprotein complexes responding to various microbes and endogenous danger signals, contributing to initiating the innate protective response of inflammatory diseases. NLRP3 inflammasome is a crucial regulator of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-18) production through activating caspase-1. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are a class of RNA transcripts lacking the ability to encode peptides or proteins. Its dysregulation leads to the development and progression of inflammation in diseases. Recently, accumulating evidence has indicated that NLRP3 inflammasome activation could be modulated by ncRNAs (lncRNAs, miRNAs, and circRNAs) in a variety of inflammatory diseases. This review focuses on the substantial role and function of ncRNAs in the NLRP3 inflammasome activation, providing novel insight for the future therapeutic approach of inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
|
17
|
Liu E, Lv L, Zhan Y, Ma Y, Feng J, He Y, Wen Y, Zhang Y, Pu Q, Ji F, Yang X, Wen JG. METTL3/N6-methyladenosine/ miR-21-5p promotes obstructive renal fibrosis by regulating inflammation through SPRY1/ERK/NF-κB pathway activation. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:7660-7674. [PMID: 34164910 PMCID: PMC8358893 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis induced by urinary tract obstruction is a common clinical occurrence; however, effective treatment is lacking, and a deeper understanding of the mechanism of renal fibrosis is needed. Previous studies have revealed that miR-21 impacts liver and lung fibrosis progression by activating the SPRY1/ERK/NF-kB signalling pathway. However, whether miR-21 mediates obstructive renal fibrosis through the same signalling pathway has not been determined. Additionally, studies have shown that N6-methyladenosine (m6 A) modification-dependent primary microRNA (pri-microRNA) processing is essential for maturation of microRNAs, but its role in the maturation of miR-21 in obstructive renal fibrosis has not yet been investigated in detail. To address these issues, we employed a mouse model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) in which the left ureters were ligated for 3, 7 and 14 days to simulate the fibrotic process. In vitro, human renal proximal tubular epithelial (HK-2) cells were transfected with plasmids containing the corresponding sequence of METTL3, miR-21-5p mimic or miR-21-5p inhibitor. We found that the levels of miR-21-5p and m6 A modification in the UUO model groups increased significantly, and as predicted, the SPRY1/ERK/NF-kB pathway was activated by miR-21-5p, confirming that miR-21-5p plays an important role in obstructive renal fibrosis by enhancing inflammation. METTL3 was found to play a major catalytic role in m6 A modification in UUO mice and drove obstructive renal fibrosis development by promoting miR-21-5p maturation. Our research is the first to demonstrate the role of the METTL3-m6 A-miR-21-5p-SPRY1/ERK/NF-kB axis in obstructive renal fibrosis and provides a deeper understanding of renal fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erpeng Liu
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Urodynamics Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Joint International Pediatric Urodynamic Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lei Lv
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Urodynamics Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Joint International Pediatric Urodynamic Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yonghao Zhan
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuan Ma
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Urodynamics Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Joint International Pediatric Urodynamic Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jinjin Feng
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yulin He
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yibo Wen
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanping Zhang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Urodynamics Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Joint International Pediatric Urodynamic Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qingsong Pu
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Urodynamics Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Joint International Pediatric Urodynamic Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fengping Ji
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Urodynamics Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Joint International Pediatric Urodynamic Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinghuan Yang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Urodynamics Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Joint International Pediatric Urodynamic Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jian Guo Wen
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Urodynamics Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Joint International Pediatric Urodynamic Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Cell Death in Coronavirus Infections: Uncovering Its Role during COVID-19. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071585. [PMID: 34201847 PMCID: PMC8306954 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell death mechanisms are crucial to maintain an appropriate environment for the functionality of healthy cells. However, during viral infections, dysregulation of these processes can be present and can participate in the pathogenetic mechanisms of the disease. In this review, we describe some features of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and some immunopathogenic mechanisms characterizing the present coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Lymphopenia and monocytopenia are important contributors to COVID-19 immunopathogenesis. The fine mechanisms underlying these phenomena are still unknown, and several hypotheses have been raised, some of which assign a role to cell death as far as the reduction of specific types of immune cells is concerned. Thus, we discuss three major pathways such as apoptosis, necroptosis, and pyroptosis, and suggest that all of them likely occur simultaneously in COVID-19 patients. We describe that SARS-CoV-2 can have both a direct and an indirect role in inducing cell death. Indeed, on the one hand, cell death can be caused by the virus entry into cells, on the other, the excessive concentration of cytokines and chemokines, a process that is known as a COVID-19-related cytokine storm, exerts deleterious effects on circulating immune cells. However, the overall knowledge of these mechanisms is still scarce and further studies are needed to delineate new therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
|
19
|
The Impact of microRNAs in Renin-Angiotensin-System-Induced Cardiac Remodelling. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094762. [PMID: 33946230 PMCID: PMC8124994 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Current knowledge on the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) indicates its central role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular remodelling via both hemodynamic alterations and direct growth and the proliferation effects of angiotensin II or aldosterone resulting in the hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes, the proliferation of fibroblasts, and inflammatory immune cell activation. The noncoding regulatory microRNAs has recently emerged as a completely novel approach to the study of the RAS. A growing number of microRNAs serve as mediators and/or regulators of RAS-induced cardiac remodelling by directly targeting RAS enzymes, receptors, signalling molecules, or inhibitors of signalling pathways. Specifically, microRNAs that directly modulate pro-hypertrophic, pro-fibrotic and pro-inflammatory signalling initiated by angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1R) stimulation are of particular relevance in mediating the cardiovascular effects of the RAS. The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge in the field that is still in the early stage of preclinical investigation with occasionally conflicting reports. Understanding the big picture of microRNAs not only aids in the improved understanding of cardiac response to injury but also leads to better therapeutic strategies utilizing microRNAs as biomarkers, therapeutic agents and pharmacological targets.
Collapse
|
20
|
Liu Y, Nie H, Ding Y, Hou Y, Mao K, Cui Y. MiRNA, a New Treatment Strategy for Pulmonary Fibrosis. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 22:793-802. [PMID: 32988351 DOI: 10.2174/1874609813666200928141822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is the most common chronic, progressive interstitial lung disease, mainly occurring in the elderly, with a median survival of 2-4 years after diagnosis. Its high mortality rate attributes to the delay in diagnosis due to its generic symptoms, and more importantly, to the lack of effective treatments. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs that are involved in many essential cellular processes, including extracellular matrix remodeling, alveolar epithelial cell apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, etc. We summarized the dysregulated miRNAs in TGF-β signaling pathway-mediated PF in recent years with dual effects, such as anti-fibrotic let-7 family and pro-fibrotic miR-21 members. Therefore, this review will set out the latest application of miRNAs to provide a new direction for PF treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Liu
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hongguang Nie
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yan Ding
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yapeng Hou
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Kejun Mao
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yong Cui
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
The Impact of Melatonin and NLRP3 Inflammasome on the Expression of microRNAs in Aged Muscle. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10040524. [PMID: 33801675 PMCID: PMC8066875 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10040524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscular aging is a complex process and underlying physiological mechanisms are not fully clear. In recent years, the participation of the NF-kB pathway and the NLRP3 inflammasome in the chronic inflammation process that accompanies the skeletal muscle's aging has been confirmed. microRNAs (miRs) form part of a gene regulatory machinery, and they control numerous biological processes including inflammatory pathways. In this work, we studied the expression of four miRs; three of them are considered as inflammatory-related miRs (miR-21, miR-146a, and miR-223), and miR-483, which is related to the regulation of melatonin synthesis, among other targets. To investigate the changes of miRs expression in muscle along aging, the impact of inflammation, and the role of melatonin in aged skeletal muscle, we used the gastrocnemius muscle of wild type (WT) and NLRP3-knockout (NLRP3-) mice of 3, 12, and 24 months-old, with and without melatonin supplementation. The expression of miRs and pro-caspase-1, caspase-3, pro-IL-1β, bax, bcl-2, and p53, was investigated by qRT-PCR analysis. Histological examination of the gastrocnemius muscle was also done. The results showed that age increased the expression of miR-21 (p < 0.01), miR-146a, and miR-223 (p < 0.05, for both miRs) in WT mice, whereas the 24-months-old mutant mice revealed decline of miR-21 and miR-223 (p < 0.05), compared to WT age. The lack of NLRP3 inflammasome also improved the skeletal muscle fibers arrangement and reduced the collagen deposits compared with WT muscle during aging. For the first time, we showed that melatonin significantly reduced the expression of miR-21, miR-146a, and miR-223 (p < 0.05 for all ones, and p < 0.01 for miR-21 at 24 months old) in aged WT mice, increased miR-223 in NLRP3- mice (p < 0.05), and induced miR-483 expression in both mice strains, this increase being significant at 24 months of age.
Collapse
|
22
|
Vieira C, Nery L, Martins L, Jabour L, Dias R, Simões E Silva AC. Downregulation of Membrane-bound Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) Receptor has a Pivotal Role in COVID-19 Immunopathology. Curr Drug Targets 2021; 22:254-281. [PMID: 33081670 DOI: 10.2174/1389450121666201020154033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is becoming the major health issue in recent human history with thousands of deaths and millions of cases worldwide. Newer research and old experience with other coronaviruses highlighted a probable underlying mechanism of disturbance of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) that is associated with the intrinsic effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection. OBJECTIVE In this review, we aimed to describe the intimate connections between the RAS components, the immune system and COVID-19 pathophysiology. METHODS This non-systematic review article summarizes recent evidence on the relationship between COVID-19 and the RAS. RESULTS Several studies have indicated that the downregulation of membrane-bound ACE2 may exert a key role for the impairment of immune functions and for COVID-19 patients' outcomes. The downregulation may occur by distinct mechanisms, particularly: (1) the shedding process induced by the SARS-CoV-2 fusion pathway, which reduces the amount of membrane-bound ACE2, stimulating more shedding by the high levels of Angiotensin II; (2) the endocytosis of ACE2 receptor with the virus itself and (3) by the interferon inhibition caused by SARS-CoV-2 effects on the immune system, which leads to a reduction of ACE2 receptor expression. CONCLUSION Recent research provides evidence of a reduction of the components of the alternative RAS axis, including ACE2 and Angiotensin-(1-7). In contrast, increased levels of Angiotensin II can activate the AT1 receptor in several organs. Consequently, increased inflammation, thrombosis and angiogenesis occur in patients infected with SARS-COV-2. Attention should be paid to the interactions of the RAS and COVID-19, mainly in the context of novel vaccines and proposed medications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Vieira
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Lucas Nery
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ludimila Martins
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Luiz Jabour
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Raphael Dias
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Simões E Silva
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Majolo F, da Silva GL, Vieira L, Timmers LFSM, Laufer S, Goettert MI. Review of Trials Currently Testing Stem Cells for Treatment of Respiratory Diseases: Facts Known to Date and Possible Applications to COVID-19. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:44-55. [PMID: 32827081 PMCID: PMC7442550 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-10033-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic clinical and preclinical studies using cultured cells are on the rise, especially now that the World Health Organization (WHO) declared coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) a "public health emergency of international concern", in January, 2020. Thus, this study aims to review the outcomes of ongoing clinical studies on stem cells in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS), and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS). The results will be associated with possible applications to COVID-19. Only three clinical trials related to stem cells are considered complete, whereby two are in Phase 1 and one is in Phase 2. Basically, the ongoing studies on coronavirus are using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from bone marrow or the umbilical cord to demonstrate their feasibility, safety, and tolerability. The studies not related to coronavirus are all in ARDS conditions; four of them are in Phase 1 and three in Phase 2. With the COVID-19 boom, many clinical trials are being carried out using different sources with an emphasis on MSC-based therapy used to inhibit inflammation. One of the biggest challenges in the current treatment of COVID-19 is the cytokine storm, however MSCs can prevent or mitigate this cytokine storm through their immunomodulatory capacity. We look forward to the results of the ongoing clinical trials to find a treatment for the disease. Researchers around the world are joining forces to help fight COVID-19. Stem cells used in the current clinical studies are a new therapeutic promise for COVID-19 where pharmacological treatments seem insufficient.Graphical Abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Majolo
- Post-graduate Program in Biotechnology, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Av. Avelino Talini, 171, 95914-014, Lajeado, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Liberato da Silva
- Medical Sciences Center, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, Rio Grande do Sul, 95914-014, Brazil
| | - Lucas Vieira
- Medical Sciences Center, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Lajeado, Rio Grande do Sul, 95914-014, Brazil
| | - Luís Fernando Saraiva Macedo Timmers
- Post-graduate Program in Biotechnology, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Av. Avelino Talini, 171, 95914-014, Lajeado, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Stefan Laufer
- Medicinal Chemistry, University of Tuebingen, D-72076, Tubingen, Germany
| | - Márcia Inês Goettert
- Post-graduate Program in Biotechnology, Universidade do Vale do Taquari - Univates, Av. Avelino Talini, 171, 95914-014, Lajeado, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Liu Q, Zheng B, Zhang Y, Huang W, Hong Q, Meng Y. Alamandine via MrgD receptor attenuates pulmonary fibrosis via NOX4 and autophagy pathway. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 99:885-893. [PMID: 33517849 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2020-0662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Alamandine (ALA) and its receptor MrgD were recently identified as components of the renin-angiotensin system, which confer protection against cardio-fibrosis and renal-fibrosis; however, the effects of ALA on pulmonary fibrosis are unknown. This study was designed to serve two goals: (i) to evaluate the ALA/MrgD axis ability in the prevention of angiotensin II (Ang II) - induced pulmonary fibrosis in fibroblasts, and (ii) to determine the effect of ALA in bleomycin (BLM) - treated C57B/6 mice. In vivo experiments revealed that the treatment of C57B/6 mice with ALA prevented BLM-induced fibrosis, and these findings were similar to those reported for pirfenidone. The antifibrosis actions of ALA were mediated via alleviation of oxidative injury and autophagy induction. In addition, in vitro studies revealed that ALA treatment attenuated Ang II-induced α-collagen I, CTGF, and α-SMA production in fibroblast which was blocked by D-Pro7-Ang-(1-7), a MrgD antagonist. This led to alleviation of oxidative injury and induction of autophagy similar to that reported for rapamycin. This study demonstrated that ALA via MrgD receptor reduced pulmonary fibrosis through attenuation of oxidative injury and induction of autophagy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingxia Liu
- Departments of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, China
| | - Bojun Zheng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Departments of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenhui Huang
- Departments of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiaohui Hong
- Departments of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Meng
- Departments of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Chronic Airways Diseases Laboratory, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Badawi S, Ali BR. ACE2 Nascence, trafficking, and SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis: the saga continues. Hum Genomics 2021; 15:8. [PMID: 33514423 PMCID: PMC7844112 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-021-00304-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
With the emergence of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 since December 2019, more than 65 million cases have been reported worldwide. This virus has shown high infectivity and severe symptoms in some cases, leading to over 1.5 million deaths globally. Despite the collaborative and concerted research efforts that have been made, no effective medication for COVID-19 (coronavirus disease-2019) is currently available. SARS-CoV-2 uses the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as an initial mediator for viral attachment and host cell invasion. ACE2 is widely distributed in the human tissues including the cell surface of lung cells which represent the primary site of the infection. Inhibiting or reducing cell surface availability of ACE2 represents a promising therapy for tackling COVID-19. In this context, most ACE2-based therapeutic strategies have aimed to tackle the virus through the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or neutralizing the virus by exogenous administration of ACE2, which does not directly aim to reduce its membrane availability. However, through this review, we present a different perspective focusing on the subcellular localization and trafficking of ACE2. Membrane targeting of ACE2, and shedding and cellular trafficking pathways including the internalization are not well elucidated in literature. Therefore, we hereby present an overview of the fate of newly synthesized ACE2, its post translational modifications, and what is known of its trafficking pathways. In addition, we highlight the possibility that some of the identified ACE2 missense variants might affect its trafficking efficiency and localization and hence may explain some of the observed variable severity of SARS-CoV-2 infections. Moreover, an extensive understanding of these processes is necessarily required to evaluate the potential use of ACE2 as a credible therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sally Badawi
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bassam R Ali
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates.
- Zayed Centre for Health sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Cismaru AC, Cismaru LG, Nabavi SF, Berindan-Neagoe I, Clementi E, Banach M, Nabavi SM. Game of "crowning" season 8: RAS and reproductive hormones in COVID-19 - can we end this viral series? Arch Med Sci 2021; 17:275-284. [PMID: 33747262 PMCID: PMC7959061 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2020.96604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of a newly identified coronavirus, the SARS-CoV-2 (alternative name 2019-nCoV), capable of jumping across species causing zoonosis with severe acute respiratory syndromes (SARS), has alerted authorities worldwide. Soon after the epidemic was first detected in the city of Wuhan in the Hubei Province of China, starting in late December 2019, the virus spread over multiple countries in different continents, being declared a pandemic by March 2020. The demographic characteristics of the infected patients suggest that age, sex, and comorbidities are predictive factors for the fatality of the infection. The mechanisms of viral entry into the human host cells seem to be in a close relationship with the mechanisms of regulating the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), which may explain the pathogenesis associated with the infection. This brings new insights into the possibilities of exploiting viral entry mechanisms to limit associated complications by means of enhancing the resistance of the infected patients using methods of regulating the RAS and strategies of modulating ACE2 expression. In this perspective article we exploit the mechanisms of COVID-19 pathogenesis based on the demographic characteristics of the infected patients reported in the recent literature and explore several approaches of limiting the initial steps of viral entry and pathogenesis based on viral interactions with ACE2 and RAS. We further discuss the implications of reproductive hormones in the regulation of the RAS and investigate the premise of using endocrine therapy against COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Cosmin Cismaru
- Research Centre for functional Genomics, Biomedicine, and Translational Medicine, The “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Functional Sciences, Immunology, and Allergology, The “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Laurentiu Gabriel Cismaru
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology-Rehabilitation, The “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Seyed Fazel Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Centre, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Division of Translational Medicine, Baqiyatallah Hospital, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Research Centre for functional Genomics, Biomedicine, and Translational Medicine, The “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- MEDFUTURE – Research Centre for Advanced Medicine – The “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- The Functional Genomics Department, The Oncology Institute “Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuta”, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Emilio Clementi
- E. Medea Scientific Institute, Bosisio Parini, Italy
- Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Luigi Sacco University Hospital, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
- Polish Mothers Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland
| | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Centre, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Division of Translational Medicine, Baqiyatallah Hospital, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Monteonofrio L, Florio MC, AlGhatrif M, Lakatta EG, Capogrossi MC. Aging- and gender-related modulation of RAAS: potential implications in COVID-19 disease. VASCULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 3:R1-R14. [PMID: 33537555 PMCID: PMC7849461 DOI: 10.1530/vb-20-0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19 is frequently characterized by a marked inflammatory response with severe pneumonia and respiratory failure associated with multiorgan involvement. Some risk factors predispose patients to develop a more severe infection and to an increased mortality; among them, advanced age and male gender have been identified as major and independent risk factors for COVID-19 poor outcome. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is strictly involved in COVID-19 because angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the host receptor for SARS-CoV-2 and also converts pro-inflammatory angiotensin (Ang) II into anti-inflammatory Ang(1–7). In this review, we have addressed the effect of aging and gender on RAAS with emphasis on ACE2, pro-inflammatory Ang II/Ang II receptor 1 axis and anti-inflammatory Ang(1–7)/Mas receptor axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Monteonofrio
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Maria Cristina Florio
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Majd AlGhatrif
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Longitudinal Study Section, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Division of Cardiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Edward G Lakatta
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Maurizio C Capogrossi
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Science, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Division of Cardiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Bozgeyik I. Therapeutic potential of miRNAs targeting SARS-CoV-2 host cell receptor ACE2. Meta Gene 2020; 27:100831. [PMID: 33224734 PMCID: PMC7672338 DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2020.100831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In late December 2019, several cases of pneumonia of unknown etiology (COVID-19) were reported in Wuhan, Hubei province, China. Based on clinical findings, blood tests and chest radiographs, this disease was diagnosed as a virus-associated pneumonia. Sequence analysis revealed a novel coronavirus, called SARS-CoV-2 (formerly called 2019-nCoV), as the causative agent of pneumonia of unknown etiology. So far, the SARS-CoV-2 infection continues to spread, and this virus poses a serious public health threat. In this study, it was aimed to reveal potential miRNA targets for the regulation of SARS-CoV-2 host cell receptor ACE2. For the identification of potential miRNA targets for the ACE2 gene, TarBase v.8 (DIANA Tools), TargetScan, miRTarBase and miRDB miRNA-target prediction algorithms were used. FANTOM5 CAGE was used for the cellular ontology analysis. Expression levels of these miRNAs were determined using OncomiR Pan-Cancer miRNome Atlas. The results suggest that members of miR-200 family of miRNAs, especially miR-200c-3p, are strong candidate targets for the regulation of ACE2 in respiratory system cells. Consequently, the present study for the first time emphasizes potential use of miRNA-based therapeutics in the battle against SARS-CoV-2 infection and its deadly disease, COVID-19. MiRNA-based therapeutics can be used in the management of SARS-CoV-2 infection. MiR-200 family members are strong candidate targets for the regulation of ACE2. For the first time, we emphasize the use of miRNA therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Bozgeyik
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Adiyaman University, Adiyaman, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Higham A, Mathioudakis A, Vestbo J, Singh D. COVID-19 and COPD: a narrative review of the basic science and clinical outcomes. Eur Respir Rev 2020; 29:29/158/200199. [PMID: 33153991 PMCID: PMC7651840 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0199-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Clinical outcomes, including mortality, are worse in males, older individuals and patients with comorbidities. COPD patients are included in shielding strategies due to their susceptibility to virus-induced exacerbations, compromised pulmonary function and high prevalence of associated comorbidities. Using evidence from basic science and cohort studies, this review addresses key questions concerning COVID-19 and COPD. First, are there mechanisms by which COPD patients are more susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection? Secondly, do inhaled corticosteroids offer protection against COVID-19? And, thirdly, what is the evidence regarding clinical outcomes from COVID-19 in COPD patients? This up-to-date review tackles some of the key issues which have significant impact on the long-term outlook for COPD patients in the context of COVID-19. This up-to-date review tackles some of the key issues which have significant impact on the long-term outlook for COPD patients in the context of COVID-19https://bit.ly/36PKzEO
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Higham
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester and Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Alexander Mathioudakis
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester and Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Jørgen Vestbo
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester and Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Dave Singh
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester and Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.,Medicines Evaluation Unit, Manchester, UK
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Terruzzi I, Senesi P. Does intestinal dysbiosis contribute to an aberrant inflammatory response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in frail patients? Nutrition 2020; 79-80:110996. [PMID: 33002653 PMCID: PMC7462523 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2020.110996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In a few months, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has become the main health problem worldwide. Epidemiologic studies revealed that populations have different vulnerabilities to SARS-CoV-2. Severe outcomes of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with an increased risk of death are observed in patients with metabolic syndrome, as well as diabetic and heart conditions (frail population). Excessive proinflammatory cytokine storm could be the main cause of increased vulnerability in this frail population. In patients with diabetes and/or heart disease, a low inflammatory state is often associated with gut dysbiosis. The increase amount of microbial metabolites (i.e., trimethylamine N-oxide and lipopolysaccharide), which generate an inflammatory microenvironment, is probably associated with an improved risk of severe illness from COVID-19. Nutritional interventions aimed at restoring the gut microbial balance could represent preventive strategies to protect the frail population from COVID-19. This narrative review presents the possible molecular mechanisms by which intestinal dysbiosis that enhances the inflammatory state could promote the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Some nutritional strategies to counteract inflammation in frail patients are also analyzed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ileana Terruzzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy.
| | - Pamela Senesi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Department of Endocrinology, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS MultiMedica, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Bertocchi I, Foglietta F, Collotta D, Eva C, Brancaleone V, Thiemermann C, Collino M. The hidden role of NLRP3 inflammasome in obesity-related COVID-19 exacerbations: Lessons for drug repurposing. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:4921-4930. [PMID: 32776354 PMCID: PMC7436458 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19, the illness caused by SARS-CoV-2, has a wide-ranging clinical spectrum that, in the worst-case scenario, involves a rapid progression to severe acute respiratory syndrome and death. Epidemiological data show that obesity and diabetes are among the main risk factors associated with high morbidity and mortality. The increased susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection documented in obesity-related metabolic derangements argues for initial defects in defence mechanisms, most likely due to an elevated systemic metabolic inflammation ("metaflammation"). The NLRP3 inflammasome is a master regulator of metaflammation and has a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of either obesity or diabetes. Here, we discuss the most recent findings suggesting contribution of NLRP3 inflammasome to the increase in complications in COVID-19 patients with diabesity. We also review current pharmacological strategies for COVID-19, focusing on treatments whose efficacy could be due, at least in part, to interference with the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on The Pharmacology of COVID-19. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v177.21/issuetoc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Bertocchi
- Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi Montalcini, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,University of Turin, Neuroscience Institute of the Cavalieri-Ottolenghi Foundation, Orbassano (TORINO), Italy
| | - Federica Foglietta
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Debora Collotta
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Carola Eva
- Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi Montalcini, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.,University of Turin, Neuroscience Institute of the Cavalieri-Ottolenghi Foundation, Orbassano (TORINO), Italy
| | | | - Christoph Thiemermann
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Massimo Collino
- Department of Drug Science and Technology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Ratajczak MZ, Kucia M. SARS-CoV-2 infection and overactivation of Nlrp3 inflammasome as a trigger of cytokine "storm" and risk factor for damage of hematopoietic stem cells. Leukemia 2020; 34:1726-1729. [PMID: 32483300 PMCID: PMC7262681 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-020-0887-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The scientific community faces an unexpected and urgent challenge related to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and is investigating the role of receptors involved in entry of this virus into cells as well as pathomechanisms leading to a cytokine "storm," which in many cases ends in severe acute respiratory syndrome, fulminant myocarditis and kidney injury. An important question is if it may also damage hematopoietic stem progenitor cells?
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Acute Kidney Injury/epidemiology
- Acute Kidney Injury/immunology
- Acute Kidney Injury/prevention & control
- Acute Kidney Injury/virology
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2
- Betacoronavirus/drug effects
- Betacoronavirus/immunology
- Betacoronavirus/pathogenicity
- COVID-19
- Coronavirus Infections/drug therapy
- Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology
- Coronavirus Infections/immunology
- Coronavirus Infections/virology
- Cytokine Release Syndrome/epidemiology
- Cytokine Release Syndrome/immunology
- Cytokine Release Syndrome/prevention & control
- Cytokine Release Syndrome/virology
- Cytokines/antagonists & inhibitors
- Cytokines/genetics
- Cytokines/immunology
- Furans/pharmacology
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/drug effects
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/immunology
- Hematopoietic Stem Cells/virology
- Heterocyclic Compounds, 4 or More Rings
- Humans
- Immunity, Innate/drug effects
- Immunologic Factors/pharmacology
- Indenes
- Inflammasomes/antagonists & inhibitors
- Inflammasomes/genetics
- Inflammasomes/immunology
- Myocarditis/epidemiology
- Myocarditis/immunology
- Myocarditis/prevention & control
- Myocarditis/virology
- NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein/antagonists & inhibitors
- NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein/genetics
- NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein/immunology
- Pandemics
- Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/genetics
- Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/immunology
- Pneumonia, Viral/drug therapy
- Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology
- Pneumonia, Viral/immunology
- Pneumonia, Viral/virology
- Pyroptosis/drug effects
- Pyroptosis/genetics
- Pyroptosis/immunology
- Risk Factors
- SARS-CoV-2
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/epidemiology
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/immunology
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/prevention & control
- Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome/virology
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/genetics
- Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology
- Sulfonamides/pharmacology
- Sulfones
- T-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/virology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Z Ratajczak
- Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA.
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Magda Kucia
- Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Freeman TL, Swartz TH. Targeting the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Severe COVID-19. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1518. [PMID: 32655582 PMCID: PMC7324760 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 76.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a member of the genus Betacoronavirus within the family Coronaviridae. It is an enveloped single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus. Since December of 2019, a global expansion of the infection has occurred with widespread dissemination of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). COVID-19 often manifests as only mild cold-like symptomatology, but severe disease with complications occurs in 15% of cases. Respiratory failure occurs in severe disease that can be accompanied by a systemic inflammatory reaction characterized by inflammatory cytokine release. In severe cases, fatality is caused by the rapid development of severe lung injury characteristic of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Although ARDS is a complication of SARS-CoV-2 infection, it is not viral replication or infection that causes tissue injury; rather, it is the result of dysregulated hyperinflammation in response to viral infection. This pathology is characterized by intense, rapid stimulation of the innate immune response that triggers activation of the Nod-like receptor family, pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome pathway and release of its products including the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-1β. Here we review the literature that describes the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19 and NLRP3 activation and describe an important role in targeting this pathway for the treatment of severe COVID-19.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Betacoronavirus/metabolism
- COVID-19
- Coronavirus Infections/complications
- Coronavirus Infections/drug therapy
- Coronavirus Infections/metabolism
- Coronavirus Infections/virology
- Cytokine Release Syndrome/drug therapy
- Cytokine Release Syndrome/metabolism
- Furans
- Heterocyclic Compounds, 4 or More Rings/pharmacology
- Heterocyclic Compounds, 4 or More Rings/therapeutic use
- Humans
- Immunity, Innate
- Indenes
- Inflammasomes/antagonists & inhibitors
- Inflammasomes/metabolism
- Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein/pharmacology
- Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein/therapeutic use
- Interleukin-1beta/antagonists & inhibitors
- Interleukin-1beta/metabolism
- Mice
- NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein/antagonists & inhibitors
- NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein/metabolism
- Pandemics
- Pneumonia, Viral/complications
- Pneumonia, Viral/drug therapy
- Pneumonia, Viral/metabolism
- Pneumonia, Viral/virology
- Pyroptosis/drug effects
- Respiratory Distress Syndrome/drug therapy
- Respiratory Distress Syndrome/etiology
- Respiratory Distress Syndrome/metabolism
- SARS-CoV-2
- Sesquiterpenes, Guaiane/pharmacology
- Sesquiterpenes, Guaiane/therapeutic use
- Sulfonamides
- Sulfones/pharmacology
- Sulfones/therapeutic use
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Talia H. Swartz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Oral formulation angiotensin-(1-7) therapy attenuates pulmonary and systemic damage in mice with emphysema induced by elastase. Immunobiology 2020; 225:151893. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2019.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
35
|
The association between microRNA-21 and hypertension-induced cardiac remodeling. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0226053. [PMID: 32040481 PMCID: PMC7010249 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a major public health problem among the aging population worldwide. It causes cardiac remodeling, including hypertrophy and interstitial fibrosis, which leads to development of hypertensive heart disease (HHD). Although microRNA-21 (miR-21) is associated with fibrogenesis in multiple organs, its contribution to cardiac remodeling in hypertension is poorly understood. Circulating miR-21 level was higher in patients with HHD than that in the control subjects. It also positively correlated with serum myocardial fibrotic markers. MiR-21 expression levels were significantly upregulated in the mice hearts after angiotensin II (Ang II) infusion or transverse aortic constriction (TAC) compared with control mice. Expression level of programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4), a main target of miR-21, was significantly decreased in Ang II infused mice and TAC mice compared with control mice. Expression levels of transcriptional activator protein 1 (AP-1) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), which were downstream targets of PDCD4, were increased in Ang II infused mice and TAC mice compared with control mice. In vitro, mirVana-miR-21-specific inhibitor attenuated Ang II-induced PDCD4 downregulation and contributed to subsequent deactivation of AP-1/TGF-β1 signaling pathway in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Thus, suppression of miR-21 prevents hypertrophic stimulation-induced cardiac remodeling by regulating PDCD4, AP-1, and TGF-β1 signaling pathway.
Collapse
|
36
|
Lyu H, Li X, Wu Q, Hao L. Overexpression of microRNA-21 mediates Ang II-induced renal fibrosis by activating the TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway via suppressing PPARα. J Pharmacol Sci 2019; 141:70-78. [PMID: 31611175 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2019.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin II (Ang II) is an important profibrotic factor, and the tumor-promoting microRNA miR-21 was recently linked to fibrotic disorders. We aimed to investigate whether and how miR-21 mediates Ang II-induced renal fibrosis. In renal tubular epithelial cells, Ang II upregulated miR-21 and fibrosis-related indicators but decreased PPARα expression. miR-21 overexpression promoted PPARα downregulation, activated the TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway and induced fibrogenesis, while miR-21 suppression exerted opposite effects. In Ang II-treated cells, reduced PPARα expression, TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway activation and fibrogenesis were all exacerbated by miR-21 upregulation but alleviated by miR-21 inhibition. The dual-luciferase assay confirmed PPARα as the target of miR-21. PPARα silencing alone could overactivate the TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway in the presence or absence of Ang II. Importantly, the regulatory effects of miR-21 knockdown and the angiotensin type 1 receptor blocker losartan alone or in combination on the PPARα/TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway in Ang II-treated cells were almost the same. More crucially, PPARα restoration abolished the profibrotic effect of miR-21 overexpression. In addition, inhibiting miR-21 in Ang II-treated mice effectively ameliorated the abnormally activated PPARα/TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway, albuminuria, and renal fibrosis without lowering blood pressure. These results demonstrated that miR-21 extensively mediates Ang II-induced kidney fibrosis via amplifying the TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway by targeting PPARα.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huiyan Lyu
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Wu
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Lirong Hao
- Department of Nephrology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Heilongjiang, 150001, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
AVE 0991 Attenuates Pyroptosis and Liver Damage after Heatstroke by Inhibiting the ROS-NLRP3 Inflammatory Signalling Pathway. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:1806234. [PMID: 31531346 PMCID: PMC6720052 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1806234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 07/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that angiotensin-(1-7) (Ang-(1-7)), an essential endocrine factor, inhibits the NLRP3 inflammasome by regulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) in fibrotic livers. We also demonstrated that the NLRP3 inflammasome contributes to the liver damage induced by pyroptosis after heatstroke. However, the role of Ang-(1-7) in the hepatocytes under heat stress remains uncertain. We aimed to examine the change in angiotensin peptides in the livers affected by heatstroke and the effect on the ROS-NLRP3 inflammatory signalling pathway. In vivo, increased angiotensin II (Ang II) and decreased Ang-(1-7) in the serum of heatstroke patients suffering from hepatic dysfunction were observed. The change in angiotensin peptides was considered a potential biomarker that could be used to predict hepatic dysfunction. Enhanced Ang II and attenuated Ang-(1-7) levels were also observed in the liver tissue of heatstroke rats, which were consistent with their receptors and converting enzymes. Hepatic damage associated with increased ROS and protein expression levels of NOX4, NLRP3, caspase-1, and IL-1β was attenuated by AVE 0991, an analogue of Ang-(1-7). In vitro, pyroptosis, characterized by activated caspase-1 and IL-1β, was observed in hepatocytes under heat stress, which was enhanced by Ang II and attenuated by antioxidants, NOX4 siRNA, and AVE 0991. In summary, AVE 0991 attenuates pyroptosis and liver damage induced by heat stress by inhibiting the ROS-NLRP3 inflammatory signalling pathway.
Collapse
|
38
|
Shao M, Wen ZB, Yang HH, Zhang CY, Xiong JB, Guan XX, Zhong WJ, Jiang HL, Sun CC, Luo XQ, He XF, Zhou Y, Guan CX. Exogenous angiotensin (1-7) directly inhibits epithelial-mesenchymal transformation induced by transforming growth factor-β1 in alveolar epithelial cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 117:109193. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
|
39
|
Luan Z, Liu B, Shi L. Angiotensin II-induced micro RNA-21 culprit for non-small-cell lung adenocarcinoma. Drug Dev Res 2019; 80:1031-1039. [PMID: 31823412 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is among the most complicated cancers, with an estimated 1.6 million deaths each year for both men and women. However, the proportion of lung cancer patients in developing nations has increased from 31% to 49.9% in the last two decades. There are two main subtypes of lung cancer, small-cell lung carcinoma and non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), accounting for 15% and 85% of all lung cancer, respectively. Adenocarcinoma is the most common type of lung cancer in smokers and nonsmokers in men and women regardless of their age. Chemicals in cigarette smoke and nicotine enter our bloodstream and can then affect the entire body and finally lead to the activation of several important, pro-survival signaling pathways. The biologically active peptide of RAAS on overstimulation enhance Ang II mediates cell proliferation, fibrosis and inflammatory effects via AT1 receptor. Very few studies highlight the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of miRNAs with the EGFR-regulated miRNA-21.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoji Luan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, ZiBo First Hospital, Zibo, Shandong Province, China
| | - Baoliang Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, ZiBo First Hospital, Zibo, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lina Shi
- Department of Hematology, ZiBo First Hospital, Boshan District, Zibo, Shandong Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
NLRP3-dependent pyroptosis is required for HIV-1 gp120-induced neuropathology. Cell Mol Immunol 2019; 17:283-299. [PMID: 31320730 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-019-0260-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) envelope protein gp120 is the major contributor to the pathogenesis of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). Neuroinflammation plays a pivotal role in gp120-induced neuropathology, but how gp120 triggers neuroinflammatory processes and subsequent neuronal death remains unknown. Here, we provide evidence that NLRP3 is required for gp120-induced neuroinflammation and neuropathy. Our results showed that gp120-induced NLRP3-dependent pyroptosis and IL-1β production in microglia. Inhibition of microglial NLRP3 inflammasome activation alleviated gp120-mediated neuroinflammatory factor release and neuronal injury. Importantly, we showed that chronic administration of MCC950, a novel selective NLRP3 inhibitor, to gp120 transgenic mice not only attenuated neuroinflammation and neuronal death but also promoted neuronal regeneration and restored the impaired neurocognitive function. In conclusion, our data revealed that the NLRP3 inflammasome is important for gp120-induced neuroinflammation and neuropathology and suggest that NLRP3 is a potential novel target for the treatment of HAND.
Collapse
|
41
|
Zamani P, Oskuee RK, Atkin SL, Navashenaq JG, Sahebkar A. MicroRNAs as important regulators of the NLRP3 inflammasome. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 150:50-61. [PMID: 31100298 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Inflammasomes are a group of cytosolic multi-protein signaling complexes that regulate maturation of the interleukin (IL)-1 family cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 through activation of inflammatory caspase-1. The NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is the best characterized and consists of several key components that are assembled and activated in response to different endogenous and exogenous signals. The NLRP3 inflammasome is common to a number of human inflammatory diseases and its targeting may lead to novel anti-inflammatory therapy. NLRP3 inflammasome activation is tightly regulated by different mechanisms especially post-transcriptional modulation via microRNAs (miRNA). MicroRNAs are small endogenous noncoding RNAs that are 21-23 nucleotides in length and control the expression of various genes through binding to the 3'-untranslated regions of the respective mRNA and subsequent post-transcriptional regulation. MicroRNAs have recently been recognized as crucial regulators of the NLRP3 inflammasome. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the role of miRNAs in the regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome complexes and their impact on the pathogenesis of inflammatory disease processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Parvin Zamani
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Student Research Committee, Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Reza Kazemi Oskuee
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | | | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|