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Velikova T, Dekova T, Miteva DG. Controversies regarding transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells. World J Transplant 2024; 14:90554. [PMID: 38947963 PMCID: PMC11212595 DOI: 10.5500/wjt.v14.i2.90554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have tantalized regenerative medicine with their therapeutic potential, yet a cloud of controversies looms over their clinical transplantation. This comprehensive review navigates the intricate landscape of MSC controversies, drawing upon 15 years of clinical experience and research. We delve into the fundamental properties of MSCs, exploring their unique immunomodulatory capabilities and surface markers. The heart of our inquiry lies in the controversial applications of MSC transplantation, including the perennial debate between autologous and allogeneic sources, concerns about efficacy, and lingering safety apprehensions. Moreover, we unravel the enigmatic mechanisms surrounding MSC transplantation, such as homing, integration, and the delicate balance between differentiation and paracrine effects. We also assess the current status of clinical trials and the ever-evolving regulatory landscape. As we peer into the future, we examine emerging trends, envisioning personalized medicine and innovative delivery methods. Our review provides a balanced and informed perspective on the controversies, offering readers a clear understanding of the complexities, challenges, and potential solutions in MSC transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsvetelina Velikova
- Department of Medical Faculty, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, Sofia 1407, Bulgaria
| | - Tereza Dekova
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, Sofia 1164, Bulgaria
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2
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Li J, Liu Y, Zhang R, Yang Q, Xiong W, He Y, Ye Q. Insights into the role of mesenchymal stem cells in cutaneous medical aesthetics: from basics to clinics. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:169. [PMID: 38886773 PMCID: PMC11184751 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03774-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
With the development of the economy and the increasing prevalence of skin problems, cutaneous medical aesthetics are gaining more and more attention. Skin disorders like poor wound healing, aging, and pigmentation have an impact not only on appearance but also on patients with physical and psychological issues, and even impose a significant financial burden on families and society. However, due to the complexities of its occurrence, present treatment options cannot produce optimal outcomes, indicating a dire need for new and effective treatments. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their secretomics treatment is a new regenerative medicine therapy that promotes and regulates endogenous stem cell populations and/or replenishes cell pools to achieve tissue homeostasis and regeneration. It has demonstrated remarkable advantages in several skin-related in vivo and in vitro investigations, aiding in the improvement of skin conditions and the promotion of skin aesthetics. As a result, this review gives a complete description of recent scientific breakthroughs in MSCs for skin aesthetics and the limitations of their clinical applications, aiming to provide new ideas for future research and clinical transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Li
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Ye Liu
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Qianyu Yang
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
| | - Yan He
- Institute of Regenerative and Translational Medicine, Tianyou Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Qingsong Ye
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
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3
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Furnari FB, Anastasaki C, Bian S, Fine HA, Koga T, Le LQ, Rodriguez FJ, Gutmann DH. Stem cell modeling of nervous system tumors. Dis Model Mech 2024; 17:dmm050533. [PMID: 38353122 PMCID: PMC10886724 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Nervous system tumors, particularly brain tumors, represent the most common tumors in children and one of the most lethal tumors in adults. Despite decades of research, there are few effective therapies for these cancers. Although human nervous system tumor cells and genetically engineered mouse models have served as excellent platforms for drug discovery and preclinical testing, they have limitations with respect to accurately recapitulating important aspects of the pathobiology of spontaneously arising human tumors. For this reason, attention has turned to the deployment of human stem cell engineering involving human embryonic or induced pluripotent stem cells, in which genetic alterations associated with nervous system cancers can be introduced. These stem cells can be used to create self-assembling three-dimensional cerebral organoids that preserve key features of the developing human brain. Moreover, stem cell-engineered lines are amenable to xenotransplantation into mice as a platform to investigate the tumor cell of origin, discover cancer evolutionary trajectories and identify therapeutic vulnerabilities. In this article, we review the current state of human stem cell models of nervous system tumors, discuss their advantages and disadvantages, and provide consensus recommendations for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank B Furnari
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Corina Anastasaki
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Shan Bian
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, 200070 Shanghai, China
| | - Howard A Fine
- Department of Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Tomoyuki Koga
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Lu Q Le
- Department of Dermatology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Fausto J Rodriguez
- Division of Neuropathology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - David H Gutmann
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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Zomer HD, de Souza Lima VJ, Bion MC, Brito KNL, Rode M, Stimamiglio MA, Jeremias TDS, Trentin AG. Evaluation of secretomes derived from human dermal and adipose tissue mesenchymal stem/stromal cells for skin wound healing: not as effective as cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:15. [PMID: 38229157 PMCID: PMC10792854 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03630-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the paracrine effects of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) have been recognized as crucial mediators of their regenerative effects on tissue repair, the potential of MSC secretomes as effective substitutes for cellular therapies remains underexplored. METHODS In this study, we compared MSCs from the human dermis (DSCs) and adipose tissue (ASCs) with their secretomes regarding their efficacy for skin wound healing using a translationally relevant murine model. RESULTS Proteomic analysis revealed that while there was a substantial overlap in protein composition between DSC and ASC secretomes, specific proteins associated with wound healing and angiogenesis were differentially expressed. Despite a similar angiogenic potential in vivo, DSC and ASC secretomes were found to be less effective than cells in accelerating wound closure and promoting tissue remodeling. CONCLUSIONS Overall, secretome-treated groups showed intermediary results between cells- and control-treated (empty scaffold) groups. These findings highlight that although secretomes possess therapeutic potential, their efficacy might be limited compared to cellular therapies. This study contributes to the growing understanding of MSC secretomes, emphasizes the need for further protocol optimization, and offers insights into their potential applications in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Debiazi Zomer
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, Embryology, and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.
| | - Victor Juan de Souza Lima
- Department of Cell Biology, Embryology, and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Monique Coelho Bion
- Department of Cell Biology, Embryology, and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
- National Institute of Translational Neuroscience, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Karynne Nazare Lins Brito
- Department of Cell Biology, Embryology, and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Michele Rode
- Department of Cell Biology, Embryology, and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Marco Augusto Stimamiglio
- Laboratory for Stem Cells Basic Biology, Carlos Chagas Institute, FIOCRUZ/PR, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Talita da Silva Jeremias
- Department of Cell Biology, Embryology, and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Andrea Gonçalves Trentin
- Department of Cell Biology, Embryology, and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Guarnier LP, Moro LG, Lívero FADR, de Faria CA, Azevedo MF, Roma BP, Albuquerque ER, Malagutti-Ferreira MJ, Rodrigues AGD, da Silva AA, Sekiya EJ, Ribeiro-Paes JT. Regenerative and translational medicine in COPD: hype and hope. Eur Respir Rev 2023; 32:220223. [PMID: 37495247 PMCID: PMC10369169 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0223-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
COPD is a common, preventable and usually progressive disease associated with an enhanced chronic inflammatory response in the airways and lung, generally caused by exposure to noxious particles and gases. It is a treatable disease characterised by persistent respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation due to abnormalities in the airways and/or alveoli. COPD is currently the third leading cause of death worldwide, representing a serious public health problem and a high social and economic burden. Despite significant advances, effective clinical treatments have not yet been achieved. In this scenario, cell-based therapies have emerged as potentially promising therapeutic approaches. However, there are only a few published studies of cell-based therapies in human patients with COPD and a small number of ongoing clinical trials registered on clinicaltrials.gov Despite the advances and interesting results, numerous doubts and questions remain about efficacy, mechanisms of action, culture conditions, doses, timing, route of administration and conditions related to homing and engraftment of the infused cells. This article presents the state of the art of cell-based therapy in COPD. Clinical trials that have already been completed and with published results are discussed in detail. We also discuss the questions that remain unanswered about cell-based regenerative and translational medicine for COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Pires Guarnier
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Laboratory of Genetics and Cell Therapy - GenTe Cel, Department of Biotechnology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Assis, Brazil
| | - Lincoln Gozzi Moro
- Laboratory of Genetics and Cell Therapy - GenTe Cel, Department of Biotechnology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Assis, Brazil
- Biomedical Sciences Institute, Butantan Institute, Technological Research Institute, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Mauricio Fogaça Azevedo
- Laboratory of Genetics and Cell Therapy - GenTe Cel, Department of Biotechnology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Assis, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Pizoni Roma
- Laboratory of Genetics and Cell Therapy - GenTe Cel, Department of Biotechnology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Assis, Brazil
| | | | - Maria José Malagutti-Ferreira
- Laboratory of Genetics and Cell Therapy - GenTe Cel, Department of Biotechnology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Assis, Brazil
| | | | - Adelson Alves da Silva
- São Lucas Research and Education Institute (IEP - São Lucas), TechLife, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eliseo Joji Sekiya
- São Lucas Research and Education Institute (IEP - São Lucas), TechLife, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Tadeu Ribeiro-Paes
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
- Laboratory of Genetics and Cell Therapy - GenTe Cel, Department of Biotechnology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Assis, Brazil
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Leisz S, Klause CH, Becker AL, Scheer M, Simmermacher S, Strauss C, Scheller C. Establishment of vestibular schwannoma primary cell cultures obtained from cavitron ultrasonic surgical aspirator tissue material. J Neurosci Methods 2023; 397:109955. [PMID: 37611876 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2023.109955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vestibular schwannoma (VS) is a benign tumor arising from the Schwann cells of the eighth cranial nerve. The complexity in treatment is associated with unpredictable progression of this tumor. Some of the VS do not alter for years, while others rapidly increase in size. The mechanisms behind size progression are not well studied. Furthermore, despite several studies, there is no pharmacological treatment available for sporadic VS. Therefore, in vitro models are essential tools to study the cellular and molecular processes of VS. In addition, patient-derived cell cultures are important for substance screening to investigate pharmacological approaches in vitro. NEW METHOD This study presents a simple and fast method for culturing VS cells from patient tissue material obtained using a cavitron ultrasonic surgical aspirator (CUSA). In addition, the cells were characterized based on the expression of schwannoma markers, growth properties and screened for fibroblast contamination. RESULT We could show that CUSA obtained material is a suitable resource for isolation of VS primary cultures and enables real time analysis on living cells. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS To date, only a few protocols are available for culturing VS cells from patient tissue material. A disadvantage of these methods is the relatively large amount of tissue needed to obtain the primary cells, which can be difficult, especially in small VS. By obtaining the cells from the CUSA, there is the possibility to establish a primary culture even with limited material. CONCLUSION This approach could be particularly useful for testing substances that represent candidates for drug therapy of vestibular schwannoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Leisz
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Medical Faculty, Department of Neurosurgery, Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Clara Helene Klause
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Medical Faculty, Department of Neurosurgery, Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Anna-Louisa Becker
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Medical Faculty, Department of Neurosurgery, Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Maximilian Scheer
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Medical Faculty, Department of Neurosurgery, Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Sebastian Simmermacher
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Medical Faculty, Department of Neurosurgery, Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Christian Strauss
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Medical Faculty, Department of Neurosurgery, Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Christian Scheller
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Medical Faculty, Department of Neurosurgery, Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
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7
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Tashakori M, Asadi F, Khorram FS, Manshoori A, Hosseini-Chegeni A, Moghadam FM, Kamalabadi MA, Yousefi-Ahmadipour A. Effects of MRI on stemness properties of Wharton's jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Cell Tissue Bank 2023; 24:523-533. [PMID: 36526818 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-022-10052-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), derived from various tissues, are served as a promising source of cells in clinic and regenerative medicine. Umbilical cord-Wharton's jelly (WJ-MSCs)-derived MSCs exhibit advantages over those from adult tissues, such as no ethical concerns, shorter population doubling time, broad differentiation potential, readily available non-invasive source, prolonged maintenance of stemness properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of MRI (1.5 T, 10 min) on stemness gene expression patterns (OCT-4, SOX-2, NANOG) of WJ-MSCs. Additionally, we assessed cell viability, growth kinetics and apoptosis of WJ-MSCs after MRI treatment. The quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) data showed that transcript levels of SOX-2, NANOG in MRI-treated WJ-MSCs were increased 32- and 213-fold, respectively. MTT assay was performed at 24, 48, and 72 h post-treatment and the viability was not significantly different between the two groups. The doubling time of the MRI group was markedly higher than the control group. In addition, the colony formation ability of WJ-MSCs after MRI treatment significantly increased. Furthermore, no change in apoptosis was seen before or after MRI treatment. Our results suggest that the use of MRI can improve the quality of MSCs and enhance the efficacy of mesenchymal stem cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Tashakori
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
- Cancer and Stem Cell Research Lab, Faculty of Paramedicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Asadi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Faezeh-Sadat Khorram
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Azita Manshoori
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Ali Hosseini-Chegeni
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mohseni Moghadam
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Ahmadi Kamalabadi
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Aliakbar Yousefi-Ahmadipour
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
- Cancer and Stem Cell Research Lab, Faculty of Paramedicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
- Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran.
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8
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Lenz LS, Wink MR. The other side of the coin: mesenchymal stromal cell immortalization beyond evasion of senescence. Hum Cell 2023; 36:1593-1603. [PMID: 37341871 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-023-00925-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are promising options to cellular therapy to several clinical disorders, mainly because of its ability to immunomodulate and differentiate into different cell types. Even though MSC can be isolated from different sources, a major challenge to understanding the biological effects is that the primary cells undergo replicative senescence after a limited number of cell divisions in culture, requiring time-consuming and technically challenging approaches to get a sufficient cell number for clinical applications. Therefore, a new isolation, characterization, and expansion is necessary every time, which increases the variability and is time-consuming. Immortalization is a strategy that can overcome these challenges. Therefore, here, we review the different methodologies available to cellular immortalization, and discuss the literature regarding MSC immortalization and the broader biological consequences that extend beyond the mere increase in proliferation potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Suéling Lenz
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Márcia Rosângela Wink
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, 90050-170, Brazil.
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (DCBS), Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, 90050-170, Brazil.
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9
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Choi J, Kim S, Kim J, Son HY, Yoo SK, Kim CU, Park YJ, Moon S, Cha B, Jeon MC, Park K, Yun JM, Cho B, Kim N, Kim C, Kwon NJ, Park YJ, Matsuda F, Momozawa Y, Kubo M, Kim HJ, Park JH, Seo JS, Kim JI, Im SW. A whole-genome reference panel of 14,393 individuals for East Asian populations accelerates discovery of rare functional variants. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg6319. [PMID: 37556544 PMCID: PMC10411914 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg6319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Underrepresentation of non-European (EUR) populations hinders growth of global precision medicine. Resources such as imputation reference panels that match the study population are necessary to find low-frequency variants with substantial effects. We created a reference panel consisting of 14,393 whole-genome sequences including more than 11,000 Asian individuals. Genome-wide association studies were conducted using the reference panel and a population-specific genotype array of 72,298 subjects for eight phenotypes. This panel yields improved imputation accuracy of rare and low-frequency variants within East Asian populations compared with the largest reference panel. Thirty-nine previously unidentified associations were found, and more than half of the variants were East Asian specific. We discovered genes with rare protein-altering variants, including LTBP1 for height and GPR75 for body mass index, as well as putative regulatory mechanisms for rare noncoding variants with cell type-specific effects. We suggest that this dataset will add to the potential value of Asian precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeyong Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Juhyun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Young Son
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Keun Yoo
- The Marc and Jennifer Lipschultz Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Young Jun Park
- Department of Translational Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungji Moon
- Interdisciplinary Program in Cancer Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bukyoung Cha
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Chul Jeon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunghyuk Park
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Moon Yun
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Belong Cho
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | - Young Joo Park
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Fumihiko Matsuda
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Michiaki Kubo
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Hyun-Jin Kim
- National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ho Park
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Family Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Sun Seo
- Macrogen Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Asian Genome Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Il Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Wha Im
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Gangwon, Republic of Korea
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10
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Giandomenico SL, Schuman EM. Genetic manipulation and targeted protein degradation in mammalian systems: practical considerations, tips and tricks for discovery research. FEBS Open Bio 2023. [PMID: 36815235 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Gaining a mechanistic understanding of the molecular pathways underpinning cellular and organismal physiology invariably relies on the perturbation of an experimental system to infer causality. This can be achieved either by genetic manipulation or by pharmacological treatment. Generally, the former approach is applicable to a wider range of targets, is more precise, and can address more nuanced functional aspects. Despite such apparent advantages, genetic manipulation (i.e., knock-down, knock-out, mutation, and tagging) in mammalian systems can be challenging due to problems with delivery, low rates of homologous recombination, and epigenetic silencing. The advent of CRISPR-Cas9 in combination with the development of robust differentiation protocols that can efficiently generate a variety of different cell types in vitro has accelerated our ability to probe gene function in a more physiological setting. Often, the main obstacle in this path of enquiry is to achieve the desired genetic modification. In this short review, we will focus on gene perturbation in mammalian cells and how editing and differentiation of pluripotent stem cells can complement more traditional approaches. Additionally, we introduce novel targeted protein degradation approaches as an alternative to DNA/RNA-based manipulation. Our aim is to present a broad overview of recent approaches and in vitro systems to study mammalian cell biology. Due to space limitations, we limit ourselves to providing the inexperienced reader with a conceptual framework on how to use these tools, and for more in-depth information, we will provide specific references throughout.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erin M Schuman
- Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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11
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Baranovskii DS, Klabukov ID, Arguchinskaya NV, Yakimova AO, Kisel AA, Yatsenko EM, Ivanov SA, Shegay PV, Kaprin AD. Adverse events, side effects and complications in mesenchymal stromal cell-based therapies. Stem Cell Investig 2022; 9:7. [PMID: 36393919 PMCID: PMC9659480 DOI: 10.21037/sci-2022-025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Numerous clinical studies have shown a wide clinical potential of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) application. However, recent experience has accumulated numerous reports of adverse events and side effects associated with MSCs therapy. Furthermore, the strategies and methods of MSCs therapy did not change significantly in recent decades despite the clinical impact and awareness of potential complications. An extended understanding of limitations could lead to a wider clinical implementation of safe cell therapies and avoid harmful approaches. Therefore, our objective was to summarize the possible negative effects observed during MSCs-based therapies. We were also aimed to discuss the risks caused by weaknesses in cell processing, including isolation, culturing, and storage. Cell processing and cell culture could dramatically influence cell population profile, change protein expression and cell differentiation paving the way for future negative effects. Long-term cell culture led to accumulation of chromosomal abnormalities. Overdosed antibiotics in culture media enhanced the risk of mycoplasma contamination. Clinical trials reported thromboembolism and fibrosis as the most common adverse events of MSCs therapy. Their delayed manifestation generally depends on the patient's individual phenotype and requires specific awareness during the clinical trials with obligatory inclusion in the patient' informed consents. Finally we prepared the safety checklist, recommended for clinical specialists before administration or planning of MSCs therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis S. Baranovskii
- National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Obninsk, Russia
- Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilya D. Klabukov
- National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Obninsk, Russia
- Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
- Obninsk Institute for Nuclear Power Engineering of the National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Obninsk, Russia
| | - Nadezhda V. Arguchinskaya
- National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Obninsk, Russia
| | - Anna O. Yakimova
- National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Obninsk, Russia
| | - Anastas A. Kisel
- National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Obninsk, Russia
| | - Elena M. Yatsenko
- National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Obninsk, Russia
| | - Sergei A. Ivanov
- National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Obninsk, Russia
| | - Peter V. Shegay
- National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Obninsk, Russia
| | - Andrey D. Kaprin
- National Medical Research Radiological Center of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Obninsk, Russia
- Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
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12
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De Becker A, Heestermans R, De Brouwer W, Bockstaele K, Maes K, Van Riet I. Genetic profiling of human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells after in vitro expansion in clinical grade human platelet lysate. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1008271. [DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1008271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are non-hematopoietic cells that have a broad therapeutic potential. To obtain sufficient cells for clinical application, they must be expanded ex vivo. In the initial expansion protocols described, fetal calf serum (FCS) was used as the reference growth supplement, but more recently different groups started to replace FCS with platelet lysate (PL). We investigated in this study the impact of the culture supplement on gene expression of MSCs. Human bone marrow derived MSCs were expanded in vitro in FCS and PL supplemented medium. We found that MSCs expanded in PL-containing medium (PL-MSCs) express typical MSC immunomorphological features and can migrate, as their counterparts expanded in FCS-containing medium, through a layer of endothelial cells in vitro. Additionally, they show an increased proliferation rate compared to MSCs expanded in FCS medium (FCS-MSCs). RNA sequencing performed for MSCs cultured in both types of expansion medium revealed a large impact of the choice of growth supplement on gene expression: 1974 genes were at least twofold up- or downregulated. We focused on impact of genes involved in apoptosis and senescence. Our data showed that PL-MSCs express more anti-apoptotic genes and FCS-MSCs more pro-apoptotic genes. FCS-MSCs showed upregulation of senescence-related genes after four passages whereas this was rarer in PL-MSCs at the same timepoint. Since PL-MSCs show higher proliferation rates and anti-apoptotic gene expression, they might acquire features that predispose them to malignant transformation. We screened 10 MSC samples expanded in PL-based medium for the presence of tumor-associated genetic variants using a 165 gene panel and detected only 21 different genetic variants. According to our analysis, none of these were established pathogenic mutations. Our data show that differences in culture conditions such as growth supplement have a significant impact on the gene expression profile of MSCs and favor the use of PL over FCS for expansion of MSCs.
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13
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Sarni D, Barroso S, Shtrikman A, Irony-Tur Sinai M, Oren YS, Aguilera A, Kerem B. Topoisomerase 1-dependent R-loop deficiency drives accelerated replication and genomic instability. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111397. [PMID: 36170822 PMCID: PMC9532845 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA replication is a complex process tightly regulated to ensure faithful genome duplication, and its perturbation leads to DNA damage and genomic instability. Replication stress is commonly associated with slow and stalled replication forks. Recently, accelerated replication has emerged as a non-canonical form of replication stress. However, the molecular basis underlying fork acceleration is largely unknown. Here, we show that mutated HRAS activation leads to increased topoisomerase 1 (TOP1) expression, causing aberrant replication fork acceleration and DNA damage by decreasing RNA-DNA hybrids or R-loops. In these cells, restoration of TOP1 expression or mild replication inhibition rescues the perturbed replication and reduces DNA damage. Furthermore, TOP1 or RNaseH1 overexpression induces accelerated replication and DNA damage, highlighting the importance of TOP1 equilibrium in regulating R-loop homeostasis to ensure faithful DNA replication and genome integrity. Altogether, our results dissect a mechanism of oncogene-induced DNA damage by aberrant replication fork acceleration. Increased TOP1 expression by mutated RAS reduces R loops Low R-loop levels promote accelerated replication and DNA damage TOP1 restoration or mild replication inhibition rescue DNA acceleration and damage High TOP1 expression is associated with replication mutagenesis in cancer
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Sarni
- Department of Genetics, The Life Sciences Institute, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Sonia Barroso
- Department of Genome Biology, Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine CABIMER, Seville Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Alon Shtrikman
- Department of Genetics, The Life Sciences Institute, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Michal Irony-Tur Sinai
- Department of Genetics, The Life Sciences Institute, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Yifat S Oren
- Department of Genetics, The Life Sciences Institute, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Andrés Aguilera
- Department of Genome Biology, Andalusian Center of Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine CABIMER, Seville Universidad de Sevilla-CSIC-Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - Batsheva Kerem
- Department of Genetics, The Life Sciences Institute, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
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14
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Zhu J, Liu Z, Wang L, Jin Q, Zhao Y, Du A, Ding N, Wang Y, Jiang H, Zhu L. Exosome Mimetics-Loaded Hydrogel Accelerates Wound Repair by Transferring Functional Mitochondrial Proteins. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:866505. [PMID: 35669057 PMCID: PMC9163684 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.866505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Loading human umbilical mesenchymal stem cell (hUMSC) derived exosomes onto hydrogel scaffolds is a strategy for rapid wound healing. The clinical application of exosomes is hindered by low production, and exosome mimetics could be substituted for exosomes. Here, the therapeutic effects of exosome-loaded hydrogels and exosome mimetic-loaded hydrogels on wounds are evaluated. Our results revealed that exosome mimetic-loaded hydrogels promote wound healing more efficiently than exosome-loaded hydrogels. Exosome mimetics can promote the proliferation and migration of dermal fibroblasts (hDF-a) cells in vitro. To investigate how exosome mimetics play a role, proteomics analysis was applied, and the obtained results suggested that exosome mimetics significantly enrich mitochondrial-derived oxidative phosphorylation-related proteins in comparison to exosomes. Overall, our work envisages the emerging potential of exosome mimetics, which take the advantage of exosomes and can be promising candidates for exosomes. It also suggests that hUMSC-derived exosome mimetic-loaded hydrogels have remarkable prospects for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhixiao Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Stem Cell and Regeneration Medicine Institute, Research Center of Translational Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qishu Jin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yunpeng Zhao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Antong Du
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Neng Ding
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, College of Basic Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Stem Cell and Regeneration Medicine Institute, Research Center of Translational Medicine, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yue Wang, ; Hua Jiang, ; Lie Zhu,
| | - Hua Jiang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yue Wang, ; Hua Jiang, ; Lie Zhu,
| | - Lie Zhu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yue Wang, ; Hua Jiang, ; Lie Zhu,
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15
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Squassoni SD, Sekiya EJ, Fiss E, Lapa MS, Cayetano DDS, Nascimento F, Alves A, Machado NC, Escaramboni B, Lívero FADR, Malagutti-Ferreira MJ, Soares MR, Dos Santos Figueiredo FW, Kramer BKN, Zago PMJJ, Ribeiro-Paes JT. Autologous Infusion of Bone Marrow and Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Phase I Randomized Clinical Trial. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2022; 16:3561-3574. [PMID: 35002228 PMCID: PMC8733220 DOI: 10.2147/copd.s332613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by the destruction of alveolar walls, chronic inflammation and persistent respiratory symptoms. There is no curative clinical treatment for COPD. In this context, cell-based therapy is a promising therapeutic alternative for COPD. Thus, in this open, controlled and randomized Phase I Clinical Trial, we aimed to assess the safety of the infusion of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMC), adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (ADSC) and, especially, the safety of concomitant infusion (co-infusion) of BMMC and ADSC as a new therapeutic alternative for COPD. The rationale for co-infusion of BMMC and ADSC is based on the hypothesis of an additive or synergistic therapeutic effect resulting from this association. Methods To achieve the proposed objectives, twenty patients with moderate-to-severe COPD were randomly divided into four groups: control group - patients receiving conventional treatment; BMMC group - patients receiving only BMMC; ADSC group - patients receiving only ADSC, and co-infusion group - patients receiving the concomitant infusion of BMMC and ADSC. Patients were assessed for pulmonary function, biochemical profile, and quality of life over a 12 months follow-up. Results No adverse events were detected immediately after the infusion of BMMC, ADSC or co-infusion. In the 12-month follow-up, no causal relationship was established between adverse events and cell therapy procedures. Regarding the efficacy, the BMMC group showed an increase in forced expiratory volume (FEV1) and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO). Co-infusion group showed a DLCO, and gas exchange improvement and a better quality of life. Conclusion The results obtained allow us to conclude that cell-based therapy with co-infusion of BMMC and ADSC is a safe procedure and a promising therapeutic for COPD. However, additional studies with a greater number of patients are needed before randomized and controlled Phase III clinical trials can be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eliseo Joji Sekiya
- São Lucas Research and Education Institute (IEP-Sao Lucas), TechLife, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Elie Fiss
- ABC Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Hospital Alemão Oswaldo Cruz, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Flávia Nascimento
- São Lucas Research and Education Institute (IEP-Sao Lucas), TechLife, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Adelson Alves
- São Lucas Research and Education Institute (IEP-Sao Lucas), TechLife, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Murilo Racy Soares
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Domigan
- Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
- Riddet Institute-Advancing Frontiers in Food Science, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington, New Zealand.
| | - Vaughan Feisst
- Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Olivia J Ogilvie
- Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Riddet Institute-Advancing Frontiers in Food Science, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
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17
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Riedl J, Popp C, Eide C, Ebens C, Tolar J. Mesenchymal stromal cells in wound healing applications: role of the secretome, targeted delivery and impact on recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa treatment. Cytotherapy 2021; 23:961-973. [PMID: 34376336 PMCID: PMC8569889 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are multi-potent stromal-derived cells capable of self-renewal that possess several advantageous properties for wound healing, making them of interest to the field of dermatology. Research has focused on characterizing the unique properties of MSCs, which broadly revolve around their regenerative and more recently discovered immunomodulatory capacities. Because of ease of harvesting and expansion, differentiation potential and low immunogenicity, MSCs have been leading candidates for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications for wound healing, yet results from clinical studies have been variable, and promising pre-clinical work has been difficult to reproduce. Therefore, the specific mechanisms of how MSCs influence the local microenvironment in distinct wound etiologies warrant further research. Of specific interest in MSC-mediated healing is harnessing the secretome, which is composed of components known to positively influence wound healing. Molecules released by the MSC secretome can promote re-epithelialization and angiogenesis while inhibiting fibrosis and microbial invasion. This review focuses on the therapeutic interest in MSCs with regard to wound healing applications, including burns and diabetic ulcers, with specific attention to the genetic skin disease recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. This review also compares various delivery methods to support skin regeneration in the hopes of combating the poor engraftment of MSCs after delivery, which is one of the major pitfalls in clinical studies utilizing MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Riedl
- Medical Scientist Training Program (MD/PhD), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Courtney Popp
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Cindy Eide
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Christen Ebens
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jakub Tolar
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Stem Cell Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
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18
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Panwar U, Mishra K, Patel P, Bharadva S, Vaniawala S, Shah A, Vundinti BR, Kothari SL, Ghosh K. Assessment of Long-Term in vitro Multiplied Human Wharton's Jelly-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells prior to Their Use in Clinical Administration. Cells Tissues Organs 2021; 210:239-249. [PMID: 34521091 DOI: 10.1159/000517423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The quantity of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) required for a particular therapy demands their subsequent expansion through ex vivo culture. During in vitro multiplication, they undergo replicative senescence which may alter their genetic stability. Therefore, this study was aimed to analyze cellular, molecular, and chromosomal alterations in Wharton's jelly-derived MSCs (WJ-MSCs) during their in vitro sequential passages, where WJ-MSCs were sequentially passaged up to P14 and cells were evaluated at an interval of P2, P6, P10, and P14. They were examined for their morphology, tumorigenicity, surface markers, stemness markers, DNA damage, chromosomal aberration, and telomere length. We have processed five full-term delivered human umbilical cord samples to obtain WJ-MSCs. Morphological appearance observed at initial stages was small fine spindle-shaped WJ-MSCs which were transformed to flat, long, and broader cells in later passages. The cell proliferation rate was gradually decreased after the 10th passage. WJ-MSCs have expressed stemness markers OCT-4 and NANOG, while they showed high expression of positive surface markers CD90 and CD105 and lower expression of CD34 and CD45. They were non-tumorigenic with slow cellular aging during subsequent passages. There was no chromosomal abnormality up to the 14th passage, while increase in comet score and decrease in telomere length were observed in later passages. Hence, our study suggests that early and middle passaged (less than P10) WJ-MSCs are good candidates for clinical administration for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urvi Panwar
- Surat Raktadan Kendra and Research Centre, Surat, India, .,Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India,
| | | | - Parizad Patel
- Surat Raktadan Kendra and Research Centre, Surat, India
| | | | | | - Anjali Shah
- ICMR - National Institute of Immunohaematology, Mumbai, India
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19
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Wang M, Zhou T, Zhang Z, Liu H, Zheng Z, Xie H. Current therapeutic strategies for respiratory diseases using mesenchymal stem cells. MedComm (Beijing) 2021; 2:351-380. [PMID: 34766151 PMCID: PMC8554668 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) have a great potential to proliferate, undergo multi-directional differentiation, and exert immunoregulatory effects. There is already much enthusiasm for their therapeutic potentials for respiratory inflammatory diseases. Although the mechanism of MSCs-based therapy has been well explored, only a few articles have summarized the key advances in this field. We hereby provide a review over the latest progresses made on the MSCs-based therapies for four types of inflammatory respiratory diseases, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and asthma, and the uncovery of their underlying mechanisms from the perspective of biological characteristics and functions. Furthermore, we have also discussed the advantages and disadvantages of the MSCs-based therapies and prospects for their optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming‐yao Wang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue EngineeringOrthopedic Research InstituteMed‐X Center for MaterialsState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduChina
| | - Ting‐yue Zhou
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue EngineeringOrthopedic Research InstituteMed‐X Center for MaterialsState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduChina
| | - Zhi‐dong Zhang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue EngineeringOrthopedic Research InstituteMed‐X Center for MaterialsState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduChina
| | - Hao‐yang Liu
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue EngineeringOrthopedic Research InstituteMed‐X Center for MaterialsState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduChina
| | - Zhi‐yao Zheng
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue EngineeringOrthopedic Research InstituteMed‐X Center for MaterialsState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduChina
| | - Hui‐qi Xie
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue EngineeringOrthopedic Research InstituteMed‐X Center for MaterialsState Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer CenterWest China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduChina
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20
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Foo JB, Looi QH, Chong PP, Hassan NH, Yeo GEC, Ng CY, Koh B, How CW, Lee SH, Law JX. Comparing the Therapeutic Potential of Stem Cells and their Secretory Products in Regenerative Medicine. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:2616807. [PMID: 34422061 PMCID: PMC8378970 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2616807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell therapy involves the transplantation of human cells to replace or repair the damaged tissues and modulate the mechanisms underlying disease initiation and progression in the body. Nowadays, many different types of cell-based therapy are developed and used to treat a variety of diseases. In the past decade, cell-free therapy has emerged as a novel approach in regenerative medicine after the discovery that the transplanted cells exerted their therapeutic effect mainly through the secretion of paracrine factors. More and more evidence showed that stem cell-derived secretome, i.e., growth factors, cytokines, and extracellular vesicles, can repair the injured tissues as effectively as the cells. This finding has spurred a new idea to employ secretome in regenerative medicine. Despite that, will cell-free therapy slowly replace cell therapy in the future? Or are these two modes of treatment still needed to address different diseases and conditions? This review provides an indepth discussion about the values of stem cells and secretome in regenerative medicine. In addition, the safety, efficacy, advantages, and disadvantages of using these two modes of treatment in regenerative medicine are also critically reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhi Biau Foo
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Molecular Pharmacology (CDDMP), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Qi Hao Looi
- My Cytohealth Sdn Bhd, Bandar Seri Petaling, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pan Pan Chong
- National Orthopaedic Centre of Excellence for Research and Learning (NOCERAL), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nur Hidayah Hassan
- National Orthopaedic Centre of Excellence for Research and Learning (NOCERAL), Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Institute of Medical Science Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Genieve Ee Chia Yeo
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chiew Yong Ng
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Benson Koh
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chee Wun How
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sau Har Lee
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Molecular Pharmacology (CDDMP), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500 Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 47500 Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Jia Xian Law
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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21
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Mizuno M, Endo K, Katano H, Amano N, Nomura M, Hasegawa Y, Ozeki N, Koga H, Takasu N, Ohara O, Morio T, Sekiya I. Transplantation of human autologous synovial mesenchymal stem cells with trisomy 7 into the knee joint and 5 years of follow-up. Stem Cells Transl Med 2021; 10:1530-1543. [PMID: 34342383 PMCID: PMC8550709 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.20-0491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can show trisomy 7; however, the safety of these cells has not been fully investigated. The purposes of this study were to determine the ratio of patients whose synovial MSCs were transplanted clinically, to intensively investigate MSCs with trisomy 7 from a safety perspective, and to follow up the patients for 5 years after transplantation. Synovial MSCs at passage 0 were transplanted into a knee for degenerative meniscus tears in 10 patients, and the patients were checked at 5 years. The synovial MSCs were evaluated at passages 0 to 15 by G‐bands and digital karyotyping, and trisomy 7 was found in 3 of 10 patients. In those three patients, 5% to 10% of the synovial MSCs showed trisomy 7. The mRNA expressions of representative oncogenes and genes on chromosome 7 did not differ between MSCs with and without trisomy 7. Whole‐genome sequencing and DNA methylation analysis showed similar results for MSCs with and without trisomy 7. Transplantation of human synovial MSCs with trisomy 7 into eight mouse knees did not result in tumor formation under the skin or in the knees after 8 weeks in any mouse, whereas transplanted HT1080 cells formed tumors. In vitro chondrogenic potentials were similar between MSCs with and without trisomy 7. Five‐year follow‐ups revealed no serious adverse events in all 10 human patients, including 3 who had received MSCs with trisomy 7. Overall, our findings indicated that synovial MSCs with trisomy 7 were comparable with MSCs without trisomy 7 from a safety perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuru Mizuno
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineTokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)TokyoJapan
| | - Kentaro Endo
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineTokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)TokyoJapan
| | - Hisako Katano
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineTokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)TokyoJapan
| | - Naoki Amano
- Department of Fundamental Cell TechnologyCenter for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Masaki Nomura
- Department of Fundamental Cell TechnologyCenter for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | | | - Nobutake Ozeki
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineTokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)TokyoJapan
| | - Hideyuki Koga
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports MedicineGraduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)TokyoJapan
| | - Naoko Takasu
- Department of Fundamental Cell TechnologyCenter for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Osamu Ohara
- Department of Applied GenomicsKazusa DNA Research InstituteChibaJapan
| | - Tomohiro Morio
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental BiologyGraduate School, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)TokyoJapan
| | - Ichiro Sekiya
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineTokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)TokyoJapan
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22
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Azar J, Bahmad HF, Daher D, Moubarak MM, Hadadeh O, Monzer A, Al Bitar S, Jamal M, Al-Sayegh M, Abou-Kheir W. The Use of Stem Cell-Derived Organoids in Disease Modeling: An Update. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7667. [PMID: 34299287 PMCID: PMC8303386 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Organoids represent one of the most important advancements in the field of stem cells during the past decade. They are three-dimensional in vitro culturing models that originate from self-organizing stem cells and can mimic the in vivo structural and functional specificities of body organs. Organoids have been established from multiple adult tissues as well as pluripotent stem cells and have recently become a powerful tool for studying development and diseases in vitro, drug screening, and host-microbe interaction. The use of stem cells-that have self-renewal capacity to proliferate and differentiate into specialized cell types-for organoids culturing represents a major advancement in biomedical research. Indeed, this new technology has a great potential to be used in a multitude of fields, including cancer research, hereditary and infectious diseases. Nevertheless, organoid culturing is still rife with many challenges, not limited to being costly and time consuming, having variable rates of efficiency in generation and maintenance, genetic stability, and clinical applications. In this review, we aim to provide a synopsis of pluripotent stem cell-derived organoids and their use for disease modeling and other clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Azar
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2260, Lebanon; (J.A.); (H.F.B.); (D.D.); (M.M.M.); (O.H.); (A.M.); (S.A.B.)
| | - Hisham F. Bahmad
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2260, Lebanon; (J.A.); (H.F.B.); (D.D.); (M.M.M.); (O.H.); (A.M.); (S.A.B.)
- Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL 33140, USA
| | - Darine Daher
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2260, Lebanon; (J.A.); (H.F.B.); (D.D.); (M.M.M.); (O.H.); (A.M.); (S.A.B.)
| | - Maya M. Moubarak
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2260, Lebanon; (J.A.); (H.F.B.); (D.D.); (M.M.M.); (O.H.); (A.M.); (S.A.B.)
| | - Ola Hadadeh
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2260, Lebanon; (J.A.); (H.F.B.); (D.D.); (M.M.M.); (O.H.); (A.M.); (S.A.B.)
| | - Alissar Monzer
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2260, Lebanon; (J.A.); (H.F.B.); (D.D.); (M.M.M.); (O.H.); (A.M.); (S.A.B.)
| | - Samar Al Bitar
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2260, Lebanon; (J.A.); (H.F.B.); (D.D.); (M.M.M.); (O.H.); (A.M.); (S.A.B.)
| | - Mohamed Jamal
- Hamdan Bin Mohammed College of Dental Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai 66566, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamed Al-Sayegh
- Biology Division, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi 2460, United Arab Emirates
| | - Wassim Abou-Kheir
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut 1107 2260, Lebanon; (J.A.); (H.F.B.); (D.D.); (M.M.M.); (O.H.); (A.M.); (S.A.B.)
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23
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Wang W, Miao Y, Sui S, Wang Y, Wu S, Cao Q, Duan H, Qi X, Zhou Q, Pan X, Zhang J, Chen X, Han Y, Wang N, Kuehn MH, Zhu W. Xeno- and Feeder-Free Differentiation of Human iPSCs to Trabecular Meshwork-Like Cells by Recombinant Cytokines. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2021; 10:27. [PMID: 34015102 PMCID: PMC8142710 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.10.6.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Stem cell-based therapy has the potential to become one approach to regenerate the damaged trabecular meshwork (TM) in glaucoma. Co-culture of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) with human TM cells has been a successful approach to generate autologous TM resembling cells. However, the differentiated cells generated using this approach are still problematic for clinical usage. This study aimed to develop a clinically applicable strategy for generating TM-like cells from iPSCs. Methods Highly expressed receptors during iPSC differentiation were identified by AutoSOME, Gene Ontology, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis. The recombinant cytokines that bind to these receptors were used to generate a new differentiation protocol. The resultant TM-like cells were characterized morphologically, immunohistochemically, and transcriptionally. Results We first determined two stages of iPSC differentiation and identified highly expressed receptors associated with the differentiation at each stage. The expression of these receptors was further confirmed by RT-PCR analysis. Exposure to the recombinant cytokines that bind to these receptors, including transforming growth factor beta 1, nerve growth factor beta, erythropoietin, prostaglandin F2 alpha, and epidermal growth factor, can efficiently differentiate iPSCs into TM-like cells, which express TM biomarkers and can form dexamethasone-inducible CLANs. Conclusions We successfully generated a xeno- and feeder-free differentiation protocol with recombinant cytokines to generate the TM progenitor and TM-like cells from human iPSCs. Translational Relevance The new approach minimizes the risks from contamination and also improves the differentiation efficiency and consistency, which are particularly crucial for clinical use of stem cells in glaucoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yongzhen Miao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shangru Sui
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shen Wu
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital Eye Center, Beijing, China
| | - Qilong Cao
- Qingdao Haier Biotech Co. Ltd., Qingdao, China
| | - Haoyun Duan
- Qingdao Eye Hospital, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xia Qi
- Qingdao Eye Hospital, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Qingjun Zhou
- Qingdao Eye Hospital, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaojing Pan
- Qingdao Eye Hospital, Shandong Eye Institute, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Jingxue Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital Eye Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xuehong Chen
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yantao Han
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ningli Wang
- Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Hospital Eye Center, Beijing, China
| | - Markus H Kuehn
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.,Center for the Prevention and Treatment of Visual Loss, Iowa City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics-Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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24
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Jivanji S, Harland C, Cole S, Brophy B, Garrick D, Snell R, Littlejohn M, Laible G. The genomes of precision edited cloned calves show no evidence for off-target events or increased de novo mutagenesis. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:457. [PMID: 34139989 PMCID: PMC8212539 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07804-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Animal health and welfare are at the forefront of public concern and the agricultural sector is responding by prioritising the selection of welfare-relevant traits in their breeding schemes. In some cases, welfare-enhancing traits such as horn-status (i.e., polled) or diluted coat colour, which could enhance heat tolerance, may not segregate in breeds of primary interest, highlighting gene-editing tools such as the CRISPR-Cas9 technology as an approach to rapidly introduce variation into these populations. A major limitation preventing the acceptance of CRISPR-Cas9 mediated gene-editing, however, is the potential for off-target mutagenesis, which has raised concerns about the safety and ultimate applicability of this technology. Here, we present a clone-based study design that has allowed a detailed investigation of off-target and de novo mutagenesis in a cattle line bearing edits in the PMEL gene for diluted coat-colour. RESULTS No off-target events were detected from high depth whole genome sequencing performed in precursor cell-lines and resultant calves cloned from those edited and non-edited cell lines. Long molecule sequencing at the edited site and plasmid-specific PCRs did not reveal structural variations and/or plasmid integration events in edited samples. Furthermore, an in-depth analysis of de novo mutations across the edited and non-edited cloned calves revealed that the mutation frequency and spectra were unaffected by editing status. Cells in culture, however, appeared to have a distinct mutation signature where de novo mutations were predominantly C > A mutations, and in cloned calves they were predominantly T > G mutations, deviating from the expected excess of C > T mutations. CONCLUSIONS We found no detectable CRISPR-Cas9 associated off-target mutations in the gene-edited cells or calves derived from the gene-edited cell line. Comparison of de novo mutation in two gene-edited calves and three non-edited control calves did not reveal a higher mutation load in any one group, gene-edited or control, beyond those anticipated from spontaneous mutagenesis. Cell culture and somatic cell nuclear transfer cloning processes contributed the major source of contrast in mutational profile between samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Jivanji
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
| | - Chad Harland
- Livestock Improvement Corporation, Newstead, New Zealand
| | - Sally Cole
- AgResearch, Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Brigid Brophy
- AgResearch, Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Dorian Garrick
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Russell Snell
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Mathew Littlejohn
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
- Livestock Improvement Corporation, Newstead, New Zealand
| | - Götz Laible
- AgResearch, Ruakura Research Centre, Hamilton, New Zealand
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery, Auckland, New Zealand
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25
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The Potential of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Neuroblastoma Therapy for Delivery of Anti-Cancer Agents and Hematopoietic Recovery. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11030161. [PMID: 33668854 PMCID: PMC7996318 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11030161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is one of the most common pediatric cancers and a major cause of cancer-related death in infancy. Conventional therapies including high-dose chemotherapy, stem cell transplantation, and immunotherapy approach a limit in the treatment of high-risk neuroblastoma and prevention of relapse. In the last two decades, research unraveled a potential use of mesenchymal stromal cells in tumor therapy, as tumor-selective delivery vehicles for therapeutic compounds and oncolytic viruses and by means of supporting hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Based on pre-clinical and clinical advances in neuroblastoma and other malignancies, we assess both the strong potential and the associated risks of using mesenchymal stromal cells in the therapy for neuroblastoma. Furthermore, we examine feasibility and safety aspects and discuss future directions for harnessing the advantageous properties of mesenchymal stromal cells for the advancement of therapy success.
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26
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Gasson SB, Dobson LK, Chow L, Dow S, Gregory CA, Saunders WB. Optimizing In Vitro Osteogenesis in Canine Autologous and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells with Dexamethasone and BMP-2. Stem Cells Dev 2021; 30:214-226. [PMID: 33356875 PMCID: PMC7891305 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2020.0144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing body of work suggests that canine mesenchymal stromal cells (cMSCs) require additional agonists such as bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2) for consistent in vitro osteogenic differentiation. BMP-2 is costly and may challenge the translational relevance of the canine model. Dexamethasone enhances osteogenic differentiation of human MSCs (hMSCs) and is widely utilized in osteogenic protocols. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of BMP-2 and dexamethasone on early- and late-stage osteogenesis of autologous and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPS)-derived cMSCs. Two preparations of marrow-derived cMSCs were selected to represent exceptionally or marginally osteogenic autologous cMSCs. iPS-derived cMSCs were generated from canine fibroblasts. All preparations were evaluated using alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, Alizarin Red staining of osteogenic monolayers, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Data were reported as mean ± standard deviation and compared using one- or two-way analysis of variance and Tukey or Sidak post hoc tests. Significance was established at P < 0.05. In early-stage assays, dexamethasone decreased ALP activity for all cMSCs in the presence of BMP-2. In late-stage assays, inclusion of dexamethasone and BMP-2 at Day 1 of culture produced robust monolayer mineralization for autologous cMSCs. Delivering 100 nM dexamethasone at Day 1 improved mineralization and reduced the BMP-2 concentrations required to achieve mineralization of the marginal cMSCs. For iPS-cMSCs, dexamethasone was inhibitory to both ALP activity and monolayer mineralization. There was increased expression of osteocalcin and osterix with BMP-2 in autologous cMSCs but a more modest expression occurred in iPS cMSCs. While autologous and iPS-derived cMSCs respond similarly in early-stage osteogenic assays, they exhibit unique responses to dexamethasone and BMP-2 in late-stage mineralization assays. This study demonstrates that dexamethasone and BMP-2 can be titrated in a time- and concentration-dependent manner to enhance osteogenesis of autologous cMSC preparations. These results will prove useful for investigators performing translational studies with cMSCs while providing insight into iPS-derived cMSC osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelby B. Gasson
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Lauren K. Dobson
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Lyndah Chow
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Center for Immune and Regenerative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Steven Dow
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Center for Immune and Regenerative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Carl A. Gregory
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - William Brian Saunders
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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27
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Bisio V, Espéli M, Balabanian K, Anginot A. Culture, Expansion and Differentiation of Human Bone Marrow Stromal Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2308:3-20. [PMID: 34057710 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1425-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are a rare, heterogeneous and multipotent population that can be isolated from several tissues. MSC were originally discovered in the bone marrow and studied for their capacity to maintain hematopoietic cells. We will describe here methods to isolate, culture, and bank MSC from human bone marrow. Then, characterization protocols by flow cytometry, clonogenic assays and doubling time evaluation will be developed. Finally, in vitro MSC culture and differentiation into osteoblasts, adipocytes, and chondrocytes will be explained. Thus, this chapter will detail all bases to work on MSC with consensus and clear methods and protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Bisio
- Université de Paris, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, EMiLy, INSERM U1160, Paris, France.
| | - Marion Espéli
- Université de Paris, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, OPALE Carnot Institute, EMiLy, INSERM U1160, Paris, France
| | - Karl Balabanian
- Université de Paris, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, OPALE Carnot Institute, EMiLy, INSERM U1160, Paris, France
| | - Adrienne Anginot
- Université de Paris, Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, EMiLy, INSERM U1160, Paris, France.
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28
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Petrova DP, Bedoshvili YD, Zakharova YR, Volokitina NA, Likhoshway YV, Grachev MA. Changes in valve morphology of two pennate diatom species during long-term culture. ACTA BIOLOGICA SIBIRICA 2020. [DOI: 10.3897/abs.6.e57888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The morphology of diatom siliceous is a primary basis for their species identification. This study aims to measure the range of morphological changes induced in the monoclonal cultures of Fragilaria radians strains 280 and A6 and Ulnaria danica strain BK17 by cultivation in the lab for a year or more. The scanning electron microscopy revealed that the number of abnormal valves increases during the first year of culture maintenance. Specific abnormalities observed include curved valves and apices, axial areas and rimoportulae shifted from their normal positions, disordered or otherwise abnormal striae, and various growths on the valves. Similar morphological abnormalities are known to occur in diatoms exposed to microtubule inhibitors. These results show the limits of morphological variance in studied species and could be used to estimate the effect of toxic agents in natural and experimental conditions.
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29
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Kässner F, Kirstein A, Händel N, Schmid GL, Landgraf K, Berthold A, Tannert A, Schaefer M, Wabitsch M, Kiess W, Körner A, Garten A. A new human adipocyte model with PTEN haploinsufficiency. Adipocyte 2020; 9:290-301. [PMID: 32579864 PMCID: PMC7469440 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2020.1785083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Few human cell strains are suitable and readily available as in vitro adipocyte models. We used resected lipoma tissue from a patient with germline phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) haploinsufficiency to establish a preadipocyte cell strain termed LipPD1 and aimed to characterize cellular functions and signalling pathway alterations in comparison to the established adipocyte model Simpson-Golabi-Behmel-Syndrome (SGBS) and to primary stromal-vascular fraction cells. We found that both cellular life span and the capacity for adipocyte differentiation as well as adipocyte-specific functions were preserved in LipPD1 and comparable to SGBS adipocytes. Basal and growth factor-stimulated activation of the PI3 K/AKT signalling pathway was increased in LipPD1 preadipocytes, corresponding to reduced PTEN levels in comparison to SGBS cells. Altogether, LipPD1 cells are a novel primary cell model with a defined genetic lesion suitable for the study of adipocyte biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Kässner
- Hospital for Children & Adolescents, Center for Pediatric Research, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anna Kirstein
- Hospital for Children & Adolescents, Center for Pediatric Research, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Gordian L. Schmid
- Department for General Practise, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kathrin Landgraf
- Hospital for Children & Adolescents, Center for Pediatric Research, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Antje Berthold
- Hospital for Children & Adolescents, Center for Pediatric Research, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Michael Schaefer
- Rudolf Boehm Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Wabitsch
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Ulm University, Germany
| | - Wieland Kiess
- Hospital for Children & Adolescents, Center for Pediatric Research, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Antje Körner
- Hospital for Children & Adolescents, Center for Pediatric Research, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Antje Garten
- Hospital for Children & Adolescents, Center for Pediatric Research, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- Institute for Metabolism and Systems Research, College for Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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30
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Bastos R, Mathias M, Andrade R, Amaral RJFC, Schott V, Balduino A, Bastos R, Miguel Oliveira J, Reis RL, Rodeo S, Espregueira-Mendes J. Intra-articular injection of culture-expanded mesenchymal stem cells with or without addition of platelet-rich plasma is effective in decreasing pain and symptoms in knee osteoarthritis: a controlled, double-blind clinical trial. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2020; 28:1989-1999. [PMID: 31587091 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-019-05732-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the clinical and laboratory outcomes of intra-articular injections of culture-expanded bone-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with or without platelet-rich plasma (PRP) to intra-articular corticosteroid injections for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS Forty-seven patients with radiographic and symptomatic knee OA were randomized into three groups for intra-articular injections: autologous bone marrow-derived culture-expanded MSCs (n = 16); autologous bone marrow-derived culture-expanded MSCs + PRP (n = 14); and corticosteroid (n = 17). The outcomes were assessed by the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) and range of motion (ROM) at baseline, 1, 2, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months and intra-articular cytokines analysis at baseline, 6 and 12 months postoperatively. RESULTS The three groups showed significant improvement in most KOOS domains and global score at 1st month and all domains and global score at 12-month follow-up (p < 0.05). At the 1st month, only the MSCs group showed significant differences in KOOS symptoms domain (p = 0.003). The MSCs and MSCs + PRP groups showed the highest percentage of improvement in most KOOS domains and global score compared to the corticosteroid group. All three groups showed a significant reduction in intra-articular levels of human interleukin-10 cytokine, from baseline to 12 months (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION An intra-articular injection of bone marrow-derived culture-expanded MSCs with or without the addiction of PRP is effective in improving the function and decreasing symptoms caused by knee OA at 12-month follow-up. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Bastos
- Clínica do Dragão, Espregueira-Mendes Sports Centre - FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Porto, Portugal.,Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Dom Henrique Research Centre, Porto, Portugal.,3B's Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017, Guimarães, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.,The Biomechanics Group, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, England
| | - Marcelo Mathias
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renato Andrade
- Clínica do Dragão, Espregueira-Mendes Sports Centre - FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Porto, Portugal.,Dom Henrique Research Centre, Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ronaldo J F C Amaral
- Kearney Lab, Department of Anatomy, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), Dublin 2, Ireland.,Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy, RCSI, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CURAM), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Vinicius Schott
- Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - J Miguel Oliveira
- 3B's Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017, Guimarães, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.,The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Headquarters at University of Minho, Avepark, Barco, 4805-017, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3B's Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, Barco, 4805-017, Guimarães, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.,The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Headquarters at University of Minho, Avepark, Barco, 4805-017, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Scott Rodeo
- Sports Medicine and Shoulder Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - João Espregueira-Mendes
- Clínica do Dragão, Espregueira-Mendes Sports Centre - FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Porto, Portugal. .,Dom Henrique Research Centre, Porto, Portugal. .,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal. .,Orthopaedics Department of Minho University, Braga, Portugal.
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31
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Huang YZ, Gou M, Da LC, Zhang WQ, Xie HQ. Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Chronic Wound Healing: Current Status of Preclinical and Clinical Studies. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2020; 26:555-570. [PMID: 32242479 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2019.0351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Healing skin wounds with anatomic and functional integrity, especially under chronic pathological conditions, remain an enormous challenge. Due to their outstanding regenerative potential, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been explored in many studies to determine the healing ability for difficult-to-treat diseases. In this article, we review current animal studies and clinical trials of MSC-based therapy for chronic wounds, and discuss major challenges that confront future clinical applications. We found that a wealth of animal studies have revealed the versatile roles and the benefits of MSCs for chronic wound healing. MSC treatment results in enhanced angiogenesis, facilitated reepithelialization, improved granulation, and accelerated wound closure. There are some evidences of the transdifferentiation of MSCs into skin cells. However, the healing effect of MSCs depends primarily on their paracrine actions, which alleviate the harsh microenvironment of chronic wounds and regulate local cellular responses. Consistent with the findings of preclinical studies, some clinical trials have shown improved wound healing after transplantation of MSCs in chronic wounds, mainly lower extremity ulcers, pressure sores, and radiation burns. However, there are some limitations in these clinical trials, especially a small number of patients and imperfect methodology. Therefore, to better define the safety and efficiency of MSC-based wound therapy, large-scale controlled multicenter trials are needed in the future. In addition, to build a robust pool of clinical evidence, standardized protocols, especially the cultivation and quality control of MSCs, are recommended. Altogether, based on current data, MSC-based therapy represents a promising treatment option for chronic wounds. Impact statement Chronic wounds persist as a significant health care problem, particularly with increasing number of patients and the lack of efficient treatments. The main goal of this article is to provide an overview of current status of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapy for chronic wounds. The roles of MSCs in skin wound healing, as revealed in a large number of animal studies, are detailed. A critical view is made on the clinical application of MSCs for lower extremity ulcers, pressure sores, and radiation burns. Main challenges that confront future clinical applications are discussed, which hopefully contribute to innovations in MSC-based wound treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Zhou Huang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Orthopaedic Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China.,Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Min Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin-Cui Da
- Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wen-Qian Zhang
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Orthopaedic Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Hui-Qi Xie
- Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Orthopaedic Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu, China.,Department of Orthopedics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Choi H, Kim Y, Kang D, Kwon A, Kim J, Min Kim J, Park SS, Kim YJ, Min CK, Kim M. Common and different alterations of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells in myelodysplastic syndrome and multiple myeloma. Cell Prolif 2020; 53:e12819. [PMID: 32372504 PMCID: PMC7260074 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The objective of this study was to explore characteristics of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BM‐MSCs) derived from patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and multiple myeloma (MM). Methods BM‐MSCs were recovered from 17 of MDS patients, 23 of MM patients and 9 healthy donors and were passaged until proliferation stopped. General characteristics and gene expression profiles of MSCs were analysed. In vitro, ex vivo coculture, immunohistochemistry and knockdown experiments were performed to verify gene expression changes. Results BM‐MSCs failed to culture in 35.0% of patients and 50.0% of recovered BM‐MSCs stopped to proliferate before passage 6. MDS‐ and MM‐MSCs shared characteristics including decreased osteogenesis, increased angiogenesis and senescence‐associated molecular pathways. In vitro and ex vivo experiments showed disease‐specific changes such as neurogenic tendency in MDS‐MSCs and cardiomyogenic tendency in MM‐MSCs. Although the age of normal control was younger than patients and telomere length was shorter in patient's BM‐MSCs, they were not different according to disease category nor degree of proliferation. Specifically, poorly proliferation BM‐MSCs showed CDKN2A overexpression and CXCL12 downregulation. Immunohistochemistry of BM biopsy demonstrated that CDKN2A was intensely accumulation in perivascular BM‐MSCs failed to culture. Interestingly, patient's BM‐MSCs revealed improved proliferation activity after CDKN2A knockdown. Conclusion These results collectively indicate that MDS‐MSCs and MM‐MSCs have common and different alterations at various degrees. Hence, it is necessary to evaluate their alteration status using representative markers such as CDKN2A expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayoung Choi
- Catholic Genetic Laboratory Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yonggoo Kim
- Catholic Genetic Laboratory Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dain Kang
- Catholic Genetic Laboratory Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ahlm Kwon
- Catholic Genetic Laboratory Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jiyeon Kim
- Catholic Genetic Laboratory Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Sung-Soo Park
- Department of Hematology, Leukemia Research Institute, Seoul St. Mary's Hematology Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoo-Jin Kim
- Department of Hematology, Leukemia Research Institute, Seoul St. Mary's Hematology Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang-Ki Min
- Department of Hematology, Leukemia Research Institute, Seoul St. Mary's Hematology Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myungshin Kim
- Catholic Genetic Laboratory Center, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Masalova OV, Lesnova EI, Klimova RR, Momotyuk ED, Kozlov VV, Ivanova AM, Payushina OV, Butorina NN, Zakirova NF, Narovlyansky AN, Pronin AV, Ivanov AV, Kushch AA. Genetically Modified Mouse Mesenchymal Stem Cells Expressing Non-Structural Proteins of Hepatitis C Virus Induce Effective Immune Response. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:E62. [PMID: 32024236 PMCID: PMC7158691 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is one of the major causes of chronic liver disease and leads to cirrhosis and hepatocarcinoma. Despite extensive research, there is still no vaccine against HCV. In order to induce an immune response in DBA/2J mice against HCV, we obtained modified mouse mesenchymal stem cells (mMSCs) simultaneously expressing five nonstructural HCV proteins (NS3-NS5B). The innate immune response to mMSCs was higher than to DNA immunization, with plasmid encoding the same proteins, and to naïve unmodified MSCs. mMSCs triggered strong phagocytic activity, enhanced lymphocyte proliferation, and production of type I and II interferons. The adaptive immune response to mMSCs was also more pronounced than in the case of DNA immunization, as exemplified by a fourfold stronger stimulation of lymphocyte proliferation in response to HCV, a 2.6-fold higher rate of biosynthesis, and a 30-fold higher rate of secretion of IFN-γ, as well as by a 40-fold stronger production of IgG2a antibodies to viral proteins. The immunostimulatory effect of mMSCs was associated with pronounced IL-6 secretion and reduction in the population of myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). Thus, this is the first example that suggests the feasibility of using mMSCs for the development of an effective anti-HCV vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V. Masalova
- Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 123098, Russia; (E.I.L.); (R.R.K.); (E.D.M.); (V.V.K.); (A.M.I.); (A.N.N.); (A.V.P.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Ekaterina I. Lesnova
- Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 123098, Russia; (E.I.L.); (R.R.K.); (E.D.M.); (V.V.K.); (A.M.I.); (A.N.N.); (A.V.P.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Regina R. Klimova
- Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 123098, Russia; (E.I.L.); (R.R.K.); (E.D.M.); (V.V.K.); (A.M.I.); (A.N.N.); (A.V.P.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Ekaterina D. Momotyuk
- Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 123098, Russia; (E.I.L.); (R.R.K.); (E.D.M.); (V.V.K.); (A.M.I.); (A.N.N.); (A.V.P.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Vyacheslav V. Kozlov
- Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 123098, Russia; (E.I.L.); (R.R.K.); (E.D.M.); (V.V.K.); (A.M.I.); (A.N.N.); (A.V.P.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Alla M. Ivanova
- Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 123098, Russia; (E.I.L.); (R.R.K.); (E.D.M.); (V.V.K.); (A.M.I.); (A.N.N.); (A.V.P.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Olga V. Payushina
- Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow 119991, Russia;
| | - Nina N. Butorina
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119334, Russia;
| | - Natalia F. Zakirova
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia;
| | - Alexander N. Narovlyansky
- Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 123098, Russia; (E.I.L.); (R.R.K.); (E.D.M.); (V.V.K.); (A.M.I.); (A.N.N.); (A.V.P.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Alexander V. Pronin
- Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 123098, Russia; (E.I.L.); (R.R.K.); (E.D.M.); (V.V.K.); (A.M.I.); (A.N.N.); (A.V.P.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Alexander V. Ivanov
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia;
| | - Alla A. Kushch
- Gamaleya National Research Center of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow 123098, Russia; (E.I.L.); (R.R.K.); (E.D.M.); (V.V.K.); (A.M.I.); (A.N.N.); (A.V.P.); (A.A.K.)
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Seidel E, Walenda G, Messerschmidt C, Obermayer B, Peitzsch M, Wallace P, Bahethi R, Yoo T, Choi M, Schrade P, Bachmann S, Liebisch G, Eisenhofer G, Beule D, Scholl UI. Generation and characterization of a mitotane-resistant adrenocortical cell line. Endocr Connect 2020; 9:122-134. [PMID: 31910152 PMCID: PMC6993260 DOI: 10.1530/ec-19-0510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mitotane is the only drug approved for the therapy of adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC). Its clinical use is limited by the occurrence of relapse during therapy. To investigate the underlying mechanisms in vitro, we here generated mitotane-resistant cell lines. After long-term pulsed treatment of HAC-15 human adrenocortical carcinoma cells with 70 µM mitotane, we isolated monoclonal cell populations of treated cells and controls and assessed their respective mitotane sensitivities by MTT assay. We performed exome sequencing and electron microscopy, conducted gene expression microarray analysis and determined intracellular lipid concentrations in the presence and absence of mitotane. Clonal cell lines established after pulsed treatment were resistant to mitotane (IC50 of 102.2 ± 7.3 µM (n = 12) vs 39.4 ± 6.2 µM (n = 6) in controls (biological replicates, mean ± s.d., P = 0.0001)). Unlike nonresistant clones, resistant clones maintained normal mitochondrial and nucleolar morphology during mitotane treatment. Resistant clones largely shared structural and single nucleotide variants, suggesting a common cell of origin. Resistance depended, in part, on extracellular lipoproteins and was associated with alterations in intracellular lipid homeostasis, including levels of free cholesterol, as well as decreased steroid production. By gene expression analysis, resistant cells showed profound alterations in pathways including steroid metabolism and transport, apoptosis, cell growth and Wnt signaling. These studies establish an in vitro model of mitotane resistance in ACC and point to underlying molecular mechanisms. They may enable future studies to overcome resistance in vitro and improve ACC treatment in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Seidel
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, BCRT – Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gudrun Walenda
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Clemens Messerschmidt
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Core Unit Bioinformatics, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Benedikt Obermayer
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Core Unit Bioinformatics, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mirko Peitzsch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Paal Wallace
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Rohini Bahethi
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Taekyeong Yoo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Murim Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Petra Schrade
- Charité – Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institut für Vegetative Anatomie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sebastian Bachmann
- Charité – Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institut für Vegetative Anatomie, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerhard Liebisch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Graeme Eisenhofer
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Dieter Beule
- Core Unit Bioinformatics, Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ute I Scholl
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, BCRT – Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- Department of Nephrology, School of Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Correspondence should be addressed to U I Scholl:
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Hepburn AC, Sims CHC, Buskin A, Heer R. Engineering Prostate Cancer from Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells-New Opportunities to Develop Preclinical Tools in Prostate and Prostate Cancer Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E905. [PMID: 32019175 PMCID: PMC7036761 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the key issues hampering the development of effective treatments for prostate cancer is the lack of suitable, tractable, and patient-specific in vitro models that accurately recapitulate this disease. In this review, we address the challenges of using primary cultures and patient-derived xenografts to study prostate cancer. We describe emerging approaches using primary prostate epithelial cells and prostate organoids and their genetic manipulation for disease modelling. Furthermore, the use of human prostate-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) is highlighted as a promising complimentary approach. Finally, we discuss the manipulation of iPSCs to generate 'avatars' for drug disease testing. Specifically, we describe how a conceptual advance through the creation of living biobanks of "genetically engineered cancers" that contain patient-specific driver mutations hold promise for personalised medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia C. Hepburn
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Paul O’Gorman building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (C.H.C.S.); (A.B.)
| | - C. H. Cole Sims
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Paul O’Gorman building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (C.H.C.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Adriana Buskin
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Paul O’Gorman building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (C.H.C.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Rakesh Heer
- Newcastle University Centre for Cancer, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Paul O’Gorman building, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK; (C.H.C.S.); (A.B.)
- Department of Urology, Freeman Hospital, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne NE7 7DN, UK
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Wang TT, Yang J, Dighe S, Schmachtenberg MW, Leigh NT, Farber E, Onengut-Gumuscu S, Feith DJ, Ratan A, Loughran TP, Olson TL. Whole Genome Sequencing of Spontaneously Occurring Rat Natural Killer Large Granular Lymphocyte Leukemia Identifies JAK1 Somatic Activating Mutation. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12010126. [PMID: 31947841 PMCID: PMC7017127 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Large granular lymphocyte (LGL) leukemia arises spontaneously in elderly Fischer (F344) rats. This rodent model has been shown to emulate many aspects of the natural killer (NK) variant of human LGL leukemia. Previous transplantation of leukemic material into young F344 rats resulted in several strains of rat NK (RNK) primary leukemic cells. One strain, RNK-16, was adapted into the RNK-16 cell line and established as an aggressive NK-LGL leukemia model. Whole genome sequencing of the RNK-16 cell line identified 255,838 locations where the RNK16 had an alternate allele that was different from F334, including a mutation in Jak1. Functional studies showed Jak1 Y1034C to be a somatic activating mutation that mediated increased STAT signaling, as assessed by phosphoprotein levels. Sanger sequencing of Jak1 in RNK-1, -3, -7, and -16 found only RNK-16 to harbor the Y1034C Jak1 mutation. In vivo studies revealed that rats engrafted with RNK-16 primary material developed leukemia more rapidly than those engrafted with RNK-1, -3, and -7. Additionally, ex vivo RNK-16 spleen cells from leukemic rats exhibited increased STAT1, STAT3, and STAT5 phosphorylation compared to other RNK strains. Therefore, we report and characterize a novel gain-of-function Jak1 mutation in a spontaneous LGL leukemia model that results in increased downstream STAT signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Tiffany Wang
- Department of Medicine and University of Virginia Cancer Center, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; (T.T.W.); (J.Y.); (S.D.); (M.W.S.); (N.T.L.); (D.J.F.)
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Medicine and University of Virginia Cancer Center, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; (T.T.W.); (J.Y.); (S.D.); (M.W.S.); (N.T.L.); (D.J.F.)
| | - Shubha Dighe
- Department of Medicine and University of Virginia Cancer Center, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; (T.T.W.); (J.Y.); (S.D.); (M.W.S.); (N.T.L.); (D.J.F.)
| | - Matthew W. Schmachtenberg
- Department of Medicine and University of Virginia Cancer Center, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; (T.T.W.); (J.Y.); (S.D.); (M.W.S.); (N.T.L.); (D.J.F.)
| | - Nathan T. Leigh
- Department of Medicine and University of Virginia Cancer Center, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; (T.T.W.); (J.Y.); (S.D.); (M.W.S.); (N.T.L.); (D.J.F.)
| | - Emily Farber
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; (E.F.); (S.O.-G.); (A.R.)
| | - Suna Onengut-Gumuscu
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; (E.F.); (S.O.-G.); (A.R.)
| | - David J. Feith
- Department of Medicine and University of Virginia Cancer Center, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; (T.T.W.); (J.Y.); (S.D.); (M.W.S.); (N.T.L.); (D.J.F.)
| | - Aakrosh Ratan
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; (E.F.); (S.O.-G.); (A.R.)
| | - Thomas P. Loughran
- Department of Medicine and University of Virginia Cancer Center, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; (T.T.W.); (J.Y.); (S.D.); (M.W.S.); (N.T.L.); (D.J.F.)
| | - Thomas L. Olson
- Department of Medicine and University of Virginia Cancer Center, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; (T.T.W.); (J.Y.); (S.D.); (M.W.S.); (N.T.L.); (D.J.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(434)-243-8332
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Generation of qualified clinical-grade functional hepatocytes from human embryonic stem cells in chemically defined conditions. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:763. [PMID: 31601782 PMCID: PMC6787193 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1967-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocytes have been successfully generated from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). However, the cost-effective and clinical-grade generation of hepatocytes from hPSCs still need to be improved. In this study, we reported the production of functional hepatocytes from clinical-grade human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) under good manufacturing practice (GMP) requirements. We sequentially generated primitive streak (PS), definitive endoderm (DE), hepatoblasts and hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) from hESCs in the different stages with completely defined reagents. During hepatoblast differentiation, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), transferrin, L-ascorbic acid 2-phosphate sesquimagnesium salt hydrate (Vc-Mg), insulin, and sodium selenite were used instead of cytokines and FBS/KOSR. Then, hepatoblasts were differentiated into HLCs that had a typical hepatocyte morphology and possessed characteristics of mature hepatocytes, such as metabolic-related gene expression, albumin secretion, fat accumulation, glycogen storage, and inducible cytochrome P450 activity in vitro. HLCs integrated into the livers of Tet-uPA Rag2–/– Il2rg–/– (URG) mice, which partially recovered after transplantation. Furthermore, a series of biosafety-related experiments were performed to ensure future clinical applications. In conclusion, we developed a chemically defined system to generate qualified clinical-grade HLCs from hESCs under GMP conditions. HLCs have been proven to be safe and effective for treating liver failure. This efficient platform could facilitate the treatment of liver diseases using hESC-derived HLCs transplantation.
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Chronic iron exposure and c-Myc/H-ras-mediated transformation in fallopian tube cells alter the expression of EVI1, amplified at 3q26.2 in ovarian cancer. Oncogenesis 2019; 8:46. [PMID: 31434871 PMCID: PMC6704182 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-019-0154-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of high-grade serous epithelial ovarian cancers (HGSOC) are not yet well defined although key precursor cells have been identified (including fimbriated fallopian tube epithelium, FTSECs). Since iron is elevated in endometriotic cysts and the pelvic cavity, it is suggested that this source of redox-active iron may contribute to ovarian cancer pathogenesis. Specifically, sources of nontransferrin-bound iron (NTBI) within the pelvic cavity could arise from ovulation, retrograde menstruation, follicular fluid, or iron overload conditions (i.e., hemochromatosis). Herein, we investigated the cellular response of p53-inactivated and telomerase-expressing (immortalized) FTSECs (Pax8+/FoxJ1−) to NTBI (presented as ferric ammonium citrate (FAC), supplemented in media for >2 months) in order to assess its ability to promote the transition to a tumor-like phenotype; this cellular response was compared with immortalized FTSECs transformed with H-RasV12A and c-MycT58A. Both approaches resulted in increased cell numbers and expression of the oncogenic transcriptional regulator, ecotropic virus integration site 1 (EVI1, a gene most frequently amplified at 3q26.2 in HGSOC, represented by multiple variants), along with other oncogenic gene products. In contrast to the transformed cells, FAC-exposed FTSECs elicited elevated migratory capacity (and epithelial–mesenchymal transition mRNA profile) along with increased expression of DNA damage response proteins (i.e., FANCD2) and hTERT mRNA relative to controls. Interestingly, in FAC-exposed FTSECs, EVI1 siRNA attenuated hTERT mRNA expression, whereas siRNAs targeting β-catenin and BMI1 (both elevated with chronic iron exposure) reduced Myc and Cyclin D1 proteins. Collectively, our novel findings provide strong foundational evidence for potential iron-induced initiation events, including EVI1 alterations, in the pathogenesis of HGSOC, warranting further in depth investigations. Thus, these findings will substantially advance our understanding of the contribution of iron enriched within the pelvic cavity, which may identify patients at risk of developing this deadly disease.
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Han KH, Kim MH, Jeong GJ, Kim AK, Chang JW, Kim DI. FGF-17 from Hypoxic Human Wharton's Jelly-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Is Responsible for Maintenance of Cell Proliferation at Late Passages. Int J Stem Cells 2019; 12:279-290. [PMID: 31022995 PMCID: PMC6657939 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc18042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Although it is well known that hypoxic culture conditions enhance proliferation of human mesenchymal stem cells, the exact mechanism is not fully understood. In this study, we investigated the effect of fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-17 from hypoxic human Wharton's Jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hWJ-MSCs) on cell proliferation at late passages. Methods and Results hWJ-MSCs were cultured in α-MEM medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) in normoxic (21% O2) and hypoxic (1% O2) conditions. Protein antibody array was performed to analyze secretory proteins in conditioned medium from normoxic and hypoxic hWJ-MSCs at passage 10. Cell proliferation of hypoxic hWJ-MSCs was increased compared with normoxic hWJ-MSCs from passage 7 to 10, and expression of secretory FGF-17 was highly increased in conditioned medium from hypoxic hWJ-MSCs at passage 10. Knockdown of FGF-17 in hypoxic and normoxic hWJ-MSCs decreased cell proliferation, whereas treatment of hypoxic and normoxic hWJ-MSCs with recombinant protein FGF-17 increased their proliferation. Signal transduction of FGF-17 in hypoxic and normoxic hWJ-MSCs involved the ERK1/2 pathway. Cell phenotypes were not changed under either condition. Differentiation-related genes adiponectin, Runx2, and chondroadherin were downregulated in normoxic hWJ-MSCs treated with rFGF-17, and upregulated by siFGF-17. Expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Runx2, and chondroadherin was upregulated in hypoxic hWJ-MSCs, and this effect was rescued by transfection with siFGF-17. Only chondroadherin was upregulated in hypoxic hWJ-MSCs with rFGF-17. Conclusions In hypoxic culture conditions, FGF-17 from hypoxic hWJ-MSCs contributes to the maintenance of high proliferation at late passages through the ERK1/2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu-Hyun Han
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-Hee Kim
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gun-Jae Jeong
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ae-Kyeong Kim
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Wook Chang
- Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Institute, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Ik Kim
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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DNA damage in aging, the stem cell perspective. Hum Genet 2019; 139:309-331. [PMID: 31324975 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-019-02047-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
DNA damage is one of the most consistent cellular process proposed to contribute to aging. The maintenance of genomic and epigenomic integrity is critical for proper function of cells and tissues throughout life, and this homeostasis is under constant strain from both extrinsic and intrinsic insults. Considering the relationship between lifespan and genotoxic burden, it is plausible that the longest-lived cellular populations would face an accumulation of DNA damage over time. Tissue-specific stem cells are multipotent populations residing in localized niches and are responsible for maintaining all lineages of their resident tissue/system throughout life. However, many of these stem cells are impacted by genotoxic stress. Several factors may dictate the specific stem cell population response to DNA damage, including the niche location, life history, and fate decisions after damage accrual. This leads to differential handling of DNA damage in different stem cell compartments. Given the importance of adult stem cells in preserving normal tissue function during an individual's lifetime, DNA damage sensitivity and accumulation in these compartments could have crucial implications for aging. Despite this, more support for direct functional effects driven by accumulated DNA damage in adult stem cell compartments is needed. This review will present current evidence for the accumulation and potential influence of DNA damage in adult tissue-specific stem cells and propose inquiry directions that could benefit individual healthspan.
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Doss MX, Sachinidis A. Current Challenges of iPSC-Based Disease Modeling and Therapeutic Implications. Cells 2019; 8:cells8050403. [PMID: 31052294 PMCID: PMC6562607 DOI: 10.3390/cells8050403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-based disease modelling and the cell replacement therapy approach have proven to be very powerful and instrumental in biomedical research and personalized regenerative medicine as evidenced in the past decade by unraveling novel pathological mechanisms of a multitude of monogenic diseases at the cellular level and the ongoing and emerging clinical trials with iPSC-derived cell products. iPSC-based disease modelling has sparked widespread enthusiasm and has presented an unprecedented opportunity in high throughput drug discovery platforms and safety pharmacology in association with three-dimensional multicellular organoids such as personalized organs-on-chips, gene/base editing, artificial intelligence and high throughput "omics" methodologies. This critical review summarizes the progress made in the past decade with the advent of iPSC discovery in biomedical applications and regenerative medicine with case examples and the current major challenges that need to be addressed to unleash the full potential of iPSCs in clinical settings and pharmacology for more effective and safer regenerative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Xavier Doss
- Technology Development Division, BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc, 105 Digital Drive, Novato, CA 94949, USA.
| | - Agapios Sachinidis
- Institute of Neurophysiology and Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch Str. 39, 50931 Cologne, Germany.
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Zomer HD, Varela GKDS, Delben PB, Heck D, Jeremias TDS, Trentin AG. In vitro comparative study of human mesenchymal stromal cells from dermis and adipose tissue for application in skin wound healing. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 13:729-741. [PMID: 30773827 DOI: 10.1002/term.2820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Novel strategies combining cell therapy, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine have been developed to treat major skin wounds. Although mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) from different tissues have similar stem cell features, such as self-renewing mesodermal differentiation potential and expression of immunophenotypic markers, they also have distinct characteristics. Therefore, we aimed to characterize the application of MSCs derived from the dermis and adipose tissue (DSCs and ASCs, respectively) in cutaneous wound healing by in vitro approaches. Human DSC and ASC were obtained and evaluated for their isolation efficiency, stemness, proliferative profile, and genetic stability over time in culture. The ability of wound closure was first assessed by direct cell scratch assay. The paracrine effects of DSC- and ASC-conditioned medium in dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes and in the induction of tubule formation were also investigated. Although the ASC isolation procedures resulted in 100 times more cells than DSC, the latter had a higher proliferation rate in culture. Both presented low frequency of nuclear alterations over time in culture and showed similar characteristics of stem cells, such as expression of immunophenotypic markers and differentiation potential. DSCs showed increased healing capacity, and their conditioned media had greater paracrine effect in closing the wound of dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes and in inducing angiogenesis. In conclusion, the therapeutic potential of MSCs is influenced by the obtainment source. Both ASCs and DSCs are applicable for skin wound healing; however, DSCs have an improved potential and should be considered for future applications in cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Debiazi Zomer
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, United States of America.,Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | - Priscilla Barros Delben
- Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Diana Heck
- Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Talita da Silva Jeremias
- Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Andrea Gonçalves Trentin
- Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetics, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.,National Institute of Science and Technology for Regenerative Medicine, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Micheu MM, Scarlatescu AI, Scafa-Udriste A, Dorobantu M. The Winding Road of Cardiac Regeneration-Stem Cell Omics in the Spotlight. Cells 2018; 7:cells7120255. [PMID: 30544622 PMCID: PMC6315576 DOI: 10.3390/cells7120255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite significant progress in treating ischemic cardiac disease and succeeding heart failure, there is still an unmet need to develop effective therapeutic strategies given the persistent high-mortality rate. Advances in stem cell biology hold great promise for regenerative medicine, particularly for cardiac regeneration. Various cell types have been used both in preclinical and clinical studies to repair the injured heart, either directly or indirectly. Transplanted cells may act in an autocrine and/or paracrine manner to improve the myocyte survival and migration of remote and/or resident stem cells to the site of injury. Still, the molecular mechanisms regulating cardiac protection and repair are poorly understood. Stem cell fate is directed by multifaceted interactions between genetic, epigenetic, transcriptional, and post-transcriptional mechanisms. Decoding stem cells’ “panomic” data would provide a comprehensive picture of the underlying mechanisms, resulting in patient-tailored therapy. This review offers a critical analysis of omics data in relation to stem cell survival and differentiation. Additionally, the emerging role of stem cell-derived exosomes as “cell-free” therapy is debated. Last but not least, we discuss the challenges to retrieve and analyze the huge amount of publicly available omics data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miruna Mihaela Micheu
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Floreasca Street 8, 014461 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Alina Ioana Scarlatescu
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Floreasca Street 8, 014461 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Alexandru Scafa-Udriste
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Floreasca Street 8, 014461 Bucharest, Romania.
- Department 4-Cardiothoracic Pathology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, Eroii Sanitari Bvd. 8, 050474 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Maria Dorobantu
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Floreasca Street 8, 014461 Bucharest, Romania.
- Department 4-Cardiothoracic Pathology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, Eroii Sanitari Bvd. 8, 050474 Bucharest, Romania.
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Serra M, Cunha B, Peixoto C, Gomes-Alves P, Alves PM. Advancing manufacture of human mesenchymal stem cells therapies: technological challenges in cell bioprocessing and characterization. Curr Opin Chem Eng 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coche.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Zomer HD, Roballo KC, Lessa TB, Bressan FF, Gonçalves NN, Meirelles FV, Trentin AG, Ambrósio CE. Distinct features of rabbit and human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells: implications for biotechnology and translational research. STEM CELLS AND CLONING-ADVANCES AND APPLICATIONS 2018; 11:43-54. [PMID: 30425533 PMCID: PMC6204872 DOI: 10.2147/sccaa.s175749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Owing to their similarity with humans, rabbits are useful for multiple applications in biotechnology and translational research from basic to preclinical studies. In this sense, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are known for their therapeutic potential and promising future in regenerative medicine. As many studies have been using rabbit adipose-derived MSCs (ASCs) as a model of human ASCs (hASCs), it is fundamental to compare their characteristics and understand how distinct features could affect the translation to human medicine. Objective The aim of this study was to comparatively characterize rabbit ASCs (rASCs) and hASCs to further uses in biotechnology and translational studies. Materials and methods rASCs and hASCs were isolated and characterized by their immunophenotype, differentiation potential, proliferative profile, and nuclear stability in vitro. Results and discussion Both ASCs presented differentiation potential to osteocytes, chondrocytes, and adipocytes and shared similar immunophenotype expression to CD105+, CD34−, and CD45−, but rabbit cells expressed significantly lower CD73 and CD90 than human cells. In addition, rASCs presented greater clonogenic potential and proliferation rate than hASCs but no difference in nuclear alterations. Conclusion The distinct features of rASCs and hASCs can positively or negatively affect their use for different applications in biotechnology (such as cell reprogramming) and translational studies (such as cell transplantation, tissue engineering, and pharmacokinetics). Nevertheless, the particularities between rabbit and human MSCs should not prevent rabbit use in preclinical models, but care should be taken to interpret results and properly translate animal findings to medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Debiazi Zomer
- Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetic, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Santa Catarina Federal University (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil.,Department of Surgery, Sector Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,
| | - Kelly Cs Roballo
- Department of Surgery, Sector Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,
| | - Thais Borges Lessa
- Department of Surgery, Sector Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,
| | - Fabiana Fernandes Bressan
- Department of Surgery, Sector Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,
| | - Natália Nardeli Gonçalves
- Department of Surgery, Sector Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,
| | - Flávio Vieira Meirelles
- Department of Surgery, Sector Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil, .,Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,
| | - Andrea Gonçalves Trentin
- Department of Cell Biology, Embryology and Genetic, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Santa Catarina Federal University (UFSC), Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Ambrósio
- Department of Surgery, Sector Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil, .,Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,
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Xue R, Meng Q, Li J, Wu J, Yao Q, Yu H, Zhu Y. The assessment of multipotent cell transplantation in acute-on-chronic liver failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Transl Res 2018; 200:65-80. [PMID: 30016629 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a serious life-threatening disease with high prevalence. Liver transplantation is the only efficient clinical treatment for ACLF. Because of the rapid progression and lack of liver donors, it is urgent to find an effective and safe therapeutic approach to ACLF. Recent studies showed that multipotent cell transplantation could improve the patients' liver function and enhance their preoperative condition. Cells such as mesenchymal stem cells, bone marrow mononuclear cells and autologous peripheral blood stem cells, which addressed in this study have all been used in multipotent cell transplantation for liver diseases. However, its clinical efficiency is still debatable. This systematic review and meta-analysis explored the clinical efficiency of multipotent cell transplantation as a therapeutic approach for patients with ACLF. A detailed search of the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, and Embase databases was conducted from inception to November 2017. The outcome measures were serum albumin, prothrombin time, alanine aminotransferase, total bilirubin, platelets, hemoglobin, white blood cells, and survival time. The quality of evidence was assessed using GRADEpro and Jaded scores. A literature search resulted in 537 citations. Of these, 9 articles met the inclusion criteria. It was found that multipotent cell transplantation was able to alleviate liver damage and improve liver function. Multipotent cell transplantation can also enhance the short-term and medium-term survival rates of ACLF. All 9 research articles included in this analysis reported no statistically significant adverse events, side effects, or complications. In conclusions, this study suggested that multipotent cell transplantation could be recommended as a potential therapeutic supplementary tool in clinical practice. However, clinical trials in large-volume centers still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Xue
- Department of Critical Care Medicine of Liver Disease, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qinghua Meng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine of Liver Disease, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine of Liver Disease, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine of Liver Disease, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qinwei Yao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine of Liver Disease, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongwei Yu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine of Liver Disease, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yueke Zhu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine of Liver Disease, Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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He Y, Zou L, Gao M, Liang T, Zou X. [Integrative analysis of gene expression profile and DNA methylation profile of long-term cultivated porcine bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells]. ZHONGGUO XIU FU CHONG JIAN WAI KE ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO XIUFU CHONGJIAN WAIKE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF REPARATIVE AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY 2018; 32:1066-1073. [PMID: 30238737 DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.201801037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Objective To integrate the result of whole genome expression data and whole genome promoter CpG island methylation data, to screen the epigenetic modulated differentially expressed genes from transformed porcine bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) after long-term cultivation. Methods Bone marrow from 6 landrace pigs, 3-month-old about 50 kg weight, was aspirated from the medullary cavity of the proximal tibia. The BMSCs were isolated, and purified by Ficoll density gradient centrifugation combined with adherent culture method. The transfor mation of BMSCs was tested by several methods including cell morphology observation, karyotype analysis, clone forming in soft agarose, serum requirement assay, and tumor forming in mice. The Agilent Pig 4x44k Gene Expression Microarray was used to investigate the differentially expressed mRNA. The methylated genes expression profile was performed using customized pig methylation chip. The gene expression and DNA methylation profiles were integrated to find out the epigenetic modulated differentially expressed genes, and to complete the bioinformatic analysis. Results BMSCs showed a change in appearance, from the initial spindle shape to a more flatted morphology then to small contact shape. After additional passages, BMSCs gradually acquired recovery of proliferating capacity and transformation properties such as anchorage-independent growth, chromosomal abnormality, and tumor formation in nude mice. The gene chip analysis demonstrated that 257 genes were upregulated and 315 genes were downregulated during long-term cultures as well as multiple signal pathways transduction involved, such as cell cycle, ECM-receptor interaction, focal adhesion, regulation of actin cytoskeleton, pathways in cancer, and P53. The analysis from methylation chip of coding genes suggested epigenetic regulation was involved in BMSCs spontaneous transformation and play a important role on it; 962 genes were hypermethylated and 1219 genes were hypomethylated, which were involved in the biological process of cellular metabolic, structure, and tumor generation. The combined analysis of genes regulated by methylation in the transformation process of BMSCs found that the methylation changes of the 35 genes were contrary to the direction of expression change (correlation coefficient r=-0.686, P=0.000); in which the methylation level of 21 genes promoter regions were increased while the gene expression decreased, and the methylation level of the 14 genes promoter regions decreased and the gene expression increased. At the same time, KEGG enrichment analysis revealed multiple genes regulated by methylation, involved in stem cell differentiation and multiple cell signaling pathways. Among the 14 down-regulated genes, many of them have the role of regulating the interaction of tumor and immunization, and the change of the methylation status of the CDKN3 promoter region may be closely related to the cell oncology. Conclusion The results deepen our understanding of the crucial role of coding genes methylation modification in BMSCs transformation, and may provide new approach to establish safe criteria for BMSCs clinical applications and transformation prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying He
- Department of Infectious Deceases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang Jiangxi, 330006, P.R.China
| | - Lijin Zou
- Department of Burn Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang Jiangxi, 330006,
| | - Manman Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou Guangdong, 510080, P.R.China
| | - Tangzhao Liang
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou Guangdong, 510080, P.R.China
| | - Xuenong Zou
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou Guangdong, 510080, P.R.China
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