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Bråtelund S, Ruttink T, Goecke F, Broch OJ, Klemetsdal G, Ødegård J, Ergon Å. Characterization of fine geographic scale population genetics in sugar kelp (Saccharina latissima) using genome-wide markers. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:901. [PMID: 39350004 PMCID: PMC11441103 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10793-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kelps are not only ecologically important, being primary producers and habitat forming species, they also hold substantial economic potential. Expansion of the kelp cultivation industry raises the interest for genetic improvement of kelp for cultivation, as well as concerns about genetic introgression from cultivated to wild populations. Thus, increased understanding of population genetics in natural kelp populations is crucial. Genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) is a powerful tool for studying population genetics. Here, using Saccharina latissima (sugar kelp) as our study species, we characterize the population genetics at a fine geographic scale, while also investigating the influence of marker type (biallelic SNPs versus multi-allelic short read-backed haplotypes) and minor allele count (MAC) thresholds on estimated population genetic metrics. RESULTS We examined 150 sporophytes from 10 locations within a small area in Mid-Norway. Employing GBS, we detected 20,710 bi-allelic SNPs and 42,264 haplotype alleles at 20,297 high quality GBS loci. We used both marker types as well as two MAC filtering thresholds (3 and 15) in the analyses. Overall, higher genetic diversity, more outbreeding and stronger substructure was estimated using haplotypes compared to SNPs, and with MAC 15 compared to MAC 3. The population displayed high genetic diversity (HE ranging from 0.18-0.37) and significant outbreeding (FIS ≤ - 0.076). Construction of a genomic relationship matrix, however, revealed a few close relatives within sampling locations. The connectivity between sampling locations was high (FST ≤ 0.09), but subtle, yet significant, genetic substructure was detected, even between sampling locations separated by less than 2 km. Isolation-by-distance was significant and explained 15% of the genetic variation, while incorporation of predicted currents in an "isolation-by-oceanography" model explained a larger proportion (~ 27%). CONCLUSION The studied population is diverse, significantly outbred and exhibits high connectivity, partly due to local currents. The use of genome-wide markers combined with permutation testing provides high statistical power to detect subtle population substructure and inbreeding or outbreeding. Short haplotypes extracted from GBS data and removal of rare alleles enhances the resolution. Careful consideration of marker type and filtering thresholds is crucial when comparing independent studies, as they profoundly influence numerical estimates of population genetic metrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Signe Bråtelund
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, N-1432, Ås, Norway.
| | - Tom Ruttink
- Plant Sciences Unit, Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Caritasstraat 39, 9090, Melle, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Technologiepark 71, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Franz Goecke
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, N-1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Ole Jacob Broch
- Sintef Ocean, P.O. Box 4762 Torgarden, Trondheim, 7465, Norway
| | - Gunnar Klemetsdal
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, N-1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Jørgen Ødegård
- Department of Animal and Aquacultural Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, N-1432, Ås, Norway
| | - Åshild Ergon
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, N-1432, Ås, Norway
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Zuelow AN, Roberts KT, Burnaford JL, Burnett NP. Freezing and Mechanical Failure of a Habitat-Forming Kelp in the Rocky Intertidal Zone. Integr Comp Biol 2024; 64:222-233. [PMID: 38521985 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icae007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Kelp and other habitat-forming seaweeds in the intertidal zone are exposed to a suite of environmental factors, including temperature and hydrodynamic forces, that can influence their growth, survival, and ecological function. Relatively little is known about the interactive effect of temperature and hydrodynamic forces on kelp, especially the effect of cold stress on biomechanical resistance to hydrodynamic forces. We used the intertidal kelp Egregia menziesii to investigate how freezing in air during a low tide changes the kelp's resistance to breaking from hydrodynamic forces. We conducted a laboratory experiment to test how short-term freezing, mimicking a brief low-tide freezing event, affected the kelp's mechanical properties. We also characterized daily minimum winter temperatures in an intertidal E. menziesii population on San Juan Island, WA, near the center of the species' geographic range. In the laboratory, acute freezing events decreased the strength and toughness of kelp tissue by 8-20% (change in medians). During low tides in the field, we documented sub-zero temperatures, snow, and low canopy cover (compared to summer surveys). These results suggest that freezing can contribute to frond breakage and decreased canopy cover in intertidal kelp. Further work is needed to understand whether freezing and the biomechanical performance in cold temperatures influence the fitness and ecological function of kelp and whether this will change as winter conditions, such as freezing events and storms, change in frequency and intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina N Zuelow
- Department of Biological Science, CSU Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92831, USA
| | - Kevin T Roberts
- Department of Integrative Biology, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Harden M, Kovalev M, Molano G, Yorke C, Miller R, Reed D, Alberto F, Koos DS, Lansford R, Nuzhdin S. Heat stress analysis suggests a genetic basis for tolerance in Macrocystis pyrifera across developmental stages. Commun Biol 2024; 7:1147. [PMID: 39278981 PMCID: PMC11402984 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06800-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Kelps are vital for marine ecosystems, yet the genetic diversity underlying their capacity to adapt to climate change remains unknown. In this study, we focused on the kelp Macrocystis pyrifera a species critical to coastal habitats. We developed a protocol to evaluate heat stress response in 204 Macrocystis pyrifera genotypes subjected to heat stress treatments ranging from 21 °C to 27 °C. Here we show that haploid gametophytes exhibiting a heat-stress tolerant (HST) phenotype also produced greater biomass as genetically similar diploid sporophytes in a warm-water ocean farm. HST was measured as chlorophyll autofluorescence per genotype, presented here as fluorescent intensity values. This correlation suggests a predictive relationship between the growth performance of the early microscopic gametophyte stage HST and the later macroscopic sporophyte stage, indicating the potential for selecting resilient kelp strains under warmer ocean temperatures. However, HST kelps showed reduced genetic variation, underscoring the importance of integrating heat tolerance genes into a broader genetic pool to maintain the adaptability of kelp populations in the face of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maxim Kovalev
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gary Molano
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christie Yorke
- University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Robert Miller
- University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Reed
- University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | | | - David S Koos
- The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rusty Lansford
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sergey Nuzhdin
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Kelp Ark, Port of Los Angeles, San Pedro, CA, USA
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Burnett NP, Ricart AM, Winquist T, Saley AM, Edwards MS, Hughes B, Hodin J, Baskett ML, Gaylord B. Bimodal spore release heights in the water column enhance local retention and population connectivity of bull kelp, Nereocystis luetkeana. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e70177. [PMID: 39145038 PMCID: PMC11322238 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.70177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Dispersal of reproductive propagules determines recruitment patterns and connectivity among populations and can influence how populations respond to major disturbance events. Dispersal distributions can depend on propagule release strategies. For instance, the bull kelp, Nereocystis luetkeana, can release propagules (spores) from two heights in the water column ("bimodal release"): at the water surface, directly from the reproductive tissues (sori) on the kelp's blades, and near the seafloor after the sori abscise and sink through the water column. N. luetkeana is a foundation species that occurs from central California to Alaska and is experiencing unprecedented levels of population declines near its southern range limit. We know little of the kelp's dispersal distributions, which could influence population recovery and restoration. Here, we quantify how bimodal spore release heights affect dispersal outcomes based on a numerical model specifically designed for N. luetkeana. The model incorporates oceanographic conditions typical of the species' coastal range and kelp biological traits. With bimodal release heights, 34% of spores are predicted to settle within 10 m of the parental alga and 60% are predicted to disperse beyond 100 m. As an annual species, bimodal release heights can facilitate the local regeneration of adults within a source kelp forest while also supporting connectivity among multiple forests within broader bull kelp metapopulations. To leverage this pattern of bimodal spore dispersal in bull kelp restoration management, directing resources toward strategically located focal populations that can seed other ones could amplify the scale of recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas P. Burnett
- Department of Evolution and EcologyUniversity of California, DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and BehaviorUniversity of California, DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
- Bodega Marine LaboratoryBodega BayCaliforniaUSA
| | - Aurora M. Ricart
- Bodega Marine LaboratoryBodega BayCaliforniaUSA
- Institut de Ciències del Mar (ICM‐CSIC)BarcelonaSpain
- Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean SciencesEast BoothbayMaineUSA
| | - Tallulah Winquist
- Department of Evolution and EcologyUniversity of California, DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
- Bodega Marine LaboratoryBodega BayCaliforniaUSA
- Department of BiologySan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Alisha M. Saley
- Department of Evolution and EcologyUniversity of California, DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
- Bodega Marine LaboratoryBodega BayCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Brent Hughes
- Department of BiologySonoma State UniversityRohnert ParkCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jason Hodin
- Friday Harbor LabsUniversity of WashingtonFriday HarborWashingtonUSA
| | - Marissa L. Baskett
- Deparment of Environmental Science and PolicyUniversity of California, DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Brian Gaylord
- Department of Evolution and EcologyUniversity of California, DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
- Bodega Marine LaboratoryBodega BayCaliforniaUSA
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Zarzyczny KM, Rius M, Williams ST, Fenberg PB. The ecological and evolutionary consequences of tropicalisation. Trends Ecol Evol 2024; 39:267-279. [PMID: 38030539 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2023.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Tropicalisation is a marine phenomenon arising from contemporary climate change, and is characterised by the range expansion of tropical/subtropical species and the retraction of temperate species. Tropicalisation occurs globally and can be detected in both tropical/temperate transition zones and temperate regions. The ecological consequences of tropicalisation range from single-species impacts (e.g., altered behaviour) to whole ecosystem changes (e.g., phase shifts in intertidal and subtidal habitats). Our understanding of the evolutionary consequences of tropicalisation is limited, but emerging evidence suggests that tropicalisation could induce phenotypic change as well as shifts in the genotypic composition of both expanding and retracting species. Given the rapid rate of contemporary climate change, research on tropicalisation focusing on shifts in ecosystem functioning, biodiversity change, and socioeconomic impacts is urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina M Zarzyczny
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK; Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK.
| | - Marc Rius
- Centre for Advanced Studies of Blanes (CEAB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Accés a la Cala Sant Francesc 14, Blanes 17300, Spain; Department of Zoology, Centre for Ecological Genomics and Wildlife Conservation, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, 2006 Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Phillip B Fenberg
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK; Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK
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Liu Y, Wang H, Yang J, Dao Z, Sun W. Conservation genetics and potential geographic distribution modeling of Corybas taliensis, a small 'sky Island' orchid species in China. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:11. [PMID: 38163918 PMCID: PMC10759615 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04693-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Corybas taliensis is an endemic species of sky islands in China. Its habitat is fragile and unstable, and it is likely that the species is threatened. However, it is difficult to determine the conservation priority or unit without knowing the genetic background and the overall distribution of this species. In this study, we used double digest restriction-site associated DNA-sequencing (ddRAD-seq) to investigate the conservation genomics of C. taliensis. At the same time, we modeled the extent of suitable habitat for C. taliensis in present and future (2030 and 2090) habitat using the maximum-entropy (MaxEnt) model. RESULTS The results suggested that the related C. fanjingshanensis belongs to C. taliensis and should not be considered a separate species. All the sampling locations were divided into three genetic groups: the Sichuan & Guizhou population (SG population), the Hengduan Mountains population (HD population) and Himalayan population (HM population), and we found that there was complex gene flow between the sampling locations of HD population. MT was distinct genetically from the other sampling locations due to the unique environment in Motuo. The genetic diversity (π, He) of C. taliensis was relatively high, but its contemporary effective population size (Ne) was small. C. taliensis might be currently affected by inbreeding depression, although its large population density may be able to reduce the effect of this. The predicted areas of suitable habitat currently found in higher mountains will not change significantly in the future, and these suitable habitats are predicted to spread to other higher mountains under future climate change. However, suitable habitat in relatively low altitude areas may disappear in the future. This suggests that C. taliensis will be caught in a 'summit trap' in low altitude areas, however, in contrast, the high altitude of the Himalaya and the Hengduan Mountains are predicted to act as 'biological refuges' for C. taliensis in the future. CONCLUSIONS These results not only provide a new understanding of the genetic background and potential resource distribution of C. taliensis, but also lay the foundation for its conservation and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Liu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Integrative Conservation of Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Huichun Wang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Integrative Conservation of Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Integrative Conservation of Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
- Kunming Botanical Garden, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Zhiling Dao
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Integrative Conservation of Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
- Kunming Botanical Garden, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China
| | - Weibang Sun
- Yunnan Key Laboratory for Integrative Conservation of Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China.
- Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
- Kunming Botanical Garden, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Kunming, Yunnan, 650201, China.
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Overton MS, Guy SE, Chen X, Martsul A, Carolino K, Akbari OS, Meyer JR, Kryazhimskiy S. Upper Bound on the Mutational Burden Imposed by a CRISPR-Cas9 Gene-Drive Element. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.28.569142. [PMID: 38076841 PMCID: PMC10705488 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.28.569142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
CRISPR-Cas9 gene drives (CCGDs) are powerful tools for genetic control of wild populations, useful for eradication of disease vectors, conservation of endangered species and other applications. However, Cas9 alone and in a complex with gRNA can cause double-stranded DNA breaks at off-target sites, which could increase the mutational load and lead to loss of heterozygosity (LOH). These undesired effects raise potential concerns about the long-term evolutionary safety of CCGDs, but the magnitude of these effects is unknown. To estimate how the presence of a CCGD or a Cas9 alone in the genome affects the rates of LOH events and de novo mutations, we carried out a mutation accumulation experiment in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Despite its substantial statistical power, our experiment revealed no detectable effect of CCGD or Cas9 alone on the genome-wide rates of mutations or LOH events, suggesting that these rates are affected by less than 30%. Nevertheless, we found that Cas9 caused a slight but significant shift towards more interstitial and fewer terminal LOH events, and the CCGD caused a significant difference in the distribution of LOH events on Chromosome V. Taken together, our results show that these genetic elements impose a weak and likely localized additional mutational burden in the yeast model. Although the mutagenic effects of CCGDs need to be further evaluated in other systems, our results suggest that the effect of CCGDs on off-target mutation rates and genetic diversity may be acceptable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S. Overton
- Department of Ecology, Behavior and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Sean E. Guy
- Department of Ecology, Behavior and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Current address: Bionano Genomics, San Diego, CA 92121
| | - Xingsen Chen
- Department of Ecology, Behavior and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Current address: Department of Entomology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Alena Martsul
- Department of Ecology, Behavior and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
- Current address: Illumina Inc., San Diego, CA 92122
| | - Krypton Carolino
- Department of Ecology, Behavior and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Omar S. Akbari
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Justin R. Meyer
- Department of Ecology, Behavior and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Sergey Kryazhimskiy
- Department of Ecology, Behavior and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
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Montie S, Thomsen MS. Facilitation of animals is stronger during summer marine heatwaves and around morphologically complex foundation species. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10512. [PMID: 37727775 PMCID: PMC10505761 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Foundation species create biogenic habitats, modify environmental conditions, augment biodiversity, and control animal community structures. In recent decades, marine heatwaves (MHWs) have affected the ecology of foundation species worldwide, and perhaps also their associated animal communities. However, no realistic field experiment has tested how MHWs affect animals that live in and around these foundation species. We therefore tested, in a four-factorial field experiment, if colonisation by small mobile marine animals (epifauna) onto plates with attached single versus co-occurring foundation species of different morphological complexities, were affected by 3-5°C heating (that mirrored a recent extreme MHW in the study area) and if the heating effect on the epifauna varied within and between seasons. For this experiment mimics of turf seaweed represented the single foundation species and holdfasts of seven common canopy-forming seaweed represented the co-occurring foundation species with different morphological complexities. We found that the taxonomic richness and total abundance of epifauna, dominated by copepods, generally were higher on heated plates with complex seaweed holdfasts in warmer summer trials. Furthermore, several interactions between test-factors were significant, e.g., epifaunal abundances, were, across taxonomic groups, generally higher in warmer than colder summer trials. These results suggest that, in temperate ecosystems, small, mobile, short-lived, and fast-growing marine epifauna can be facilitated by warmer oceans and morphologically complex foundation species, implying that future MHWs may increase secondary production and trophic transfers between primary producers and fish. Future studies should test whether these results can be scaled to other ecological species-interactions, across latitudes and biogeographical regions, and if similar results are found after longer MHWs or within live foundation species under real MHW conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinae Montie
- Marine Ecology Research Group, School of Biological SciencesUniversity of CanterburyChristchurchNew Zealand
| | - Mads S. Thomsen
- Marine Ecology Research Group, School of Biological SciencesUniversity of CanterburyChristchurchNew Zealand
- Aarhus UniversityDepartment of EcoscienceRoskildeDenmark
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Santos AS, Cazetta E, Faria D, Lima TM, Lopes MTG, Carvalho CDS, Alves‐Pereira A, Morante‐Filho JC, Gaiotto FA. Tropical forest loss and geographic location drive the functional genomic diversity of an endangered palm tree. Evol Appl 2023; 16:1257-1273. [PMID: 37492151 PMCID: PMC10363835 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Human activity has diminished forests in different terrestrial ecosystems. This is well illustrated in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, which still hosts high levels of species richness and endemism, even with only 28% of its original extent remaining. The consequences of such forest loss in remaining populations can be investigated with several approaches, including the genomic perspective, which allows a broader understanding of how human disturbance influences the genetic variability in natural populations. In this context, our study investigated the genomic responses of Euterpe edulis Martius, an endangered palm tree, in forest remnants located in landscapes presenting different forest cover amount and composed by distinct bird assemblage that disperse its seeds. We sampled 22 areas of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest in four regions using SNP markers inserted into transcribed regions of the genome of E. edulis, distinguishing neutral loci from those putatively under natural selection (outlier). We demonstrate that populations show patterns of structure and genetic variability that differ between regions, as a possible reflection of deforestation and biogeographic histories. Deforested landscapes still maintain high neutral genetic diversity due to gene flow over short distances. Overall, we not only support previous evidence with microsatellite markers, but also show that deforestation can influence the genetic variability outlier, in the scenario of selective pressures imposed by these stressful environments. Based on our findings, we suggest that, to protect genetic diversity in the long term, it is necessary to reforest and enrich deforested areas, using seeds from populations in the same management target region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alesandro Souza Santos
- Laboratório de Ecologia Aplicada à Conservação, Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da BiodiversidadeUniversidade Estadual de Santa CruzIlhéusBrazil
- Laboratório de Marcadores Moleculares, Centro de Biotecnologia e GenéticaUniversidade Estadual de Santa CruzIlhéusBrazil
| | - Eliana Cazetta
- Laboratório de Ecologia Aplicada à Conservação, Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da BiodiversidadeUniversidade Estadual de Santa CruzIlhéusBrazil
| | - Deborah Faria
- Laboratório de Ecologia Aplicada à Conservação, Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da BiodiversidadeUniversidade Estadual de Santa CruzIlhéusBrazil
| | - Thâmara Moura Lima
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia da Bahia – Campus SeabraSeabraBrazil
| | | | | | | | - José Carlos Morante‐Filho
- Laboratório de Ecologia Aplicada à Conservação, Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da BiodiversidadeUniversidade Estadual de Santa CruzIlhéusBrazil
| | - Fernanda Amato Gaiotto
- Laboratório de Ecologia Aplicada à Conservação, Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da BiodiversidadeUniversidade Estadual de Santa CruzIlhéusBrazil
- Laboratório de Marcadores Moleculares, Centro de Biotecnologia e GenéticaUniversidade Estadual de Santa CruzIlhéusBrazil
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Zhu H, Liu J, Gao M, Yue C, Li H. Population genetic assessment of Viburnum japonicum in China using ddRAD-seq. Front Genet 2023; 14:1150437. [PMID: 37323682 PMCID: PMC10267392 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1150437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Viburnum japonicum is a rare plant species and endemic to the coastal region of Eastern Asia with extremely small populations. Within mainland China, this species can be only found in narrow habitats of the northeast coastal islands of Zhejiang Province. However, there are scarce conservation genetic studies on V. japonicum, which has limited the effective conservation and management of this rare species. Here, 51 individuals in four natural populations covering the Chinese geographic range of the species were sampled to assess the genetic diversity and population structure. A total of 445,060 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified using double digest restriction-site associated sequencing (ddRAD-seq). The overall average values of observed heterozygosity (Ho), expected heterozygosity (He), and average nucleotide diversity (π), were 0.2207, 0.2595, and 0.2741, respectively. The DFS-2 population exhibited the highest level of genetic diversity among all the populations. Genetic differentiation between populations was moderate (F ST = 0.1425), and there was selfing between populations (F IS = 0.1390, S = 24.52%). Of the total genetic variation, 52.9% was found among populations through AMOVA analysis. The Mantel test (r = 0.982, p = 0.030) combined with analyses of the Maximum Likelihood (ML) phylogenetic tree, ADMIXTURE, and principal component analysis (PCA), revealed that populations of V. japonicum were genetically segregated and significantly correlated with their geographical distribution. Our study demonstrated that V. japonicum maintained a medium level of genetic diversity and differentiation with a strong population structure, and the results were mainly affected by its island distribution pattern and self-crossing characteristics. These results provide insights into the genetic diversity and population history of V. japonicum, critical information for conserving and sustainably developing its genetic resources.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hepeng Li
- *Correspondence: Meirong Gao, ; Hepeng Li,
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11
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Stiller J, Wilson NG, Rouse GW. Range-wide population genomics of common seadragons shows secondary contact over a former barrier and insights on illegal capture. BMC Biol 2023; 21:129. [PMID: 37248474 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01628-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Common seadragons (Phyllopteryx taeniolatus, Syngnathidae) are an emblem of the diverse endemic fauna of Australia's southern rocky reefs, the newly recognized "Great Southern Reef." A lack of assessments spanning this global biodiversity hotspot in its entirety is currently hampering an understanding of the factors that have contributed to its diversity. The common seadragon has a wide range across Australia's entire temperate south and includes a geogenetic break over a former land bridge, which has called its status as a single species into question. As a popular aquarium display that sells for high prices, common seadragons are also vulnerable to illegal capture. RESULTS Here, we provide range-wide nuclear sequences (986 variable Ultraconserved Elements) for 198 individuals and mitochondrial genomes for 140 individuals to assess species status, identify genetic units and their diversity, and trace the source of two poached individuals. Using published data of the other two seadragon species, we found that lineages of common seadragons have diverged relatively recently (< 0.63 Ma). Within common seadragons, we found pronounced genetic structure, falling into three major groups in the western, central, and eastern parts of the range. While populations across the Bassian Isthmus were divergent, there is also evidence for secondary contact since the passage opened. We found a strong cline of genetic diversity from the range center tapering symmetrically towards the range peripheries. Based on their genetic similarities, the poached individuals were inferred to have originated from around Albany in southwestern Australia. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that common seadragons constitute a single species with strong geographic structure but coherence through gene flow. The low genetic diversity on the east and west coasts is concerning given that these areas are projected to face fast climate change. Our results suggest that in addition to their life history, geological events and demographic expansions have all played a role in shaping populations in the temperate south. These insights are an important step towards understanding the historical determinants of the diversity of species endemic to the Great Southern Reef.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefin Stiller
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, 92093 , USA.
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Nerida G Wilson
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, 92093 , USA
- Research & Collections, Western Australian Museum, Perth, Western Australia, 6106, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Greg W Rouse
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, 92093 , USA.
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12
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Xu X, Tong Y, Deng Y, Zhao L. Impacts of marine heatwaves on byssus production in highly invasive fouling mussels. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 184:105871. [PMID: 36587491 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Marine heatwaves (MHWs) are projected to increase in their frequency, intensity, and duration, causing irreversible and catastrophic consequences for intertidal ecosystems around the world. The highly invasive fouling mussel, Arcuatula senhousia, can cause marked habitat alteration by constructing extremely intense byssal mats, devastating the biodiversity of many intertidal systems, yet very little is known about its fate under conditions of more frequent, hotter and longer MHWs. Here, we assessed impacts of two scenarios of MHWs (low-intensity with 4 °C rise of seawater temperature and high-intensity with 8 °C rise, respectively) on the byssal production of A. senhousia. Mussels exposed to low-intensity MHWs did not show any significant differences in the number, length and diameter of byssal threads, compared with those not thermally stressed. Under high-intensity scenario, the byssus production was significantly depressed, and byssal threads became fewer, shorter and finer, in line with significant decreases in cumulative length and volume. These findings provide a better understanding of responses of invasive fouling mussels such as A. senhousia to MHWs and make a leap forward in linking climate change and biological fouling in marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xu
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yinhong Tong
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China.
| | - Yuewen Deng
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Liqiang Zhao
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Disease Control and Healthy Culture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Center of Far Sea Fisheries Management and Fishing of South China Sea, China.
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13
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Nimbs MJ, Wernberg T, Davis TR, Champion C, Coleman MA. Climate change threatens unique evolutionary diversity in Australian kelp refugia. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1248. [PMID: 36690643 PMCID: PMC9870953 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28301-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate change has driven contemporary decline and loss of kelp forests globally with an accompanying loss of their ecological and economic values. Kelp populations at equatorward-range edges are particularly vulnerable to climate change as these locations are undergoing warming at or beyond thermal tolerance thresholds. Concerningly, these range-edge populations may contain unique adaptive or evolutionary genetic diversity that is vulnerable to warming. We explore haplotype diversity by generating a Templeton-Crandall-Sing (TCS) network analysis of 119 Cytochrome C Oxidase (COI) sequences among four major population groupings for extant and putatively extinct populations only known from herbarium specimens of the dominant Laminarian kelp Ecklonia radiata in the south-western Pacific, a region warming at 2-4 times the global average. Six haplotypes occurred across the region with one being widespread across most populations. Three unique haplotypes were found in a deep-water range-edge population off Moreton Island, Queensland, which likely represents both a contemporary and historic refuge during periods of climatic change. Hindcasting E. radiata cover estimates using extant data, we reveal that this region likely supported the highest kelp cover in eastern Australia during the last glacial maximum. The equatorward range edge, deep-water kelp populations off Moreton Island represent a genetically diverse evolutionary refuge that is currently threatened by warming and requires prompt ex-situ conservation measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt J Nimbs
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, National Marine Science Centre, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia.
- National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia.
| | - Thomas Wernberg
- Oceans Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Tom R Davis
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, National Marine Science Centre, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia
- National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia
| | - Curtis Champion
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, National Marine Science Centre, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia
- National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia
| | - Melinda A Coleman
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, National Marine Science Centre, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia
- National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia
- Oceans Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
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14
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Salgotra RK, Chauhan BS. Genetic Diversity, Conservation, and Utilization of Plant Genetic Resources. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:174. [PMID: 36672915 PMCID: PMC9859222 DOI: 10.3390/genes14010174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant genetic resources (PGRs) are the total hereditary material, which includes all the alleles of various genes, present in a crop species and its wild relatives. They are a major resource that humans depend on to increase farming resilience and profit. Hence, the demand for genetic resources will increase as the world population increases. There is a need to conserve and maintain the genetic diversity of these valuable resources for sustainable food security. Due to environmental changes and genetic erosion, some valuable genetic resources have already become extinct. The landraces, wild relatives, wild species, genetic stock, advanced breeding material, and modern varieties are some of the important plant genetic resources. These diverse resources have contributed to maintaining sustainable biodiversity. New crop varieties with desirable traits have been developed using these resources. Novel genes/alleles linked to the trait of interest are transferred into the commercially cultivated varieties using biotechnological tools. Diversity should be maintained as a genetic resource for the sustainable development of new crop varieties. Additionally, advances in biotechnological tools, such as next-generation sequencing, molecular markers, in vitro culture technology, cryopreservation, and gene banks, help in the precise characterization and conservation of rare and endangered species. Genomic tools help in the identification of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and novel genes in plants that can be transferred through marker-assisted selection and marker-assisted backcrossing breeding approaches. This article focuses on the recent development in maintaining the diversity of genetic resources, their conservation, and their sustainable utilization to secure global food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romesh Kumar Salgotra
- School of Biotechnology, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Chatha, Jammu 180009, India
| | - Bhagirath Singh Chauhan
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia
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15
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Young MA, Critchell K, Miller AD, Treml EA, Sams M, Carvalho R, Ierodiaconou D. Mapping the impacts of multiple stressors on the decline in kelps along the coast of Victoria, Australia. DIVERS DISTRIB 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.13654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mary A. Young
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences Deakin University Warrnambool Vic. Australia
| | - Kay Critchell
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences Deakin University Queenscliff Vic. Australia
| | - Adam D. Miller
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences Deakin University Warrnambool Vic. Australia
| | - Eric A. Treml
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences Deakin University Queenscliff Vic. Australia
| | - Michael Sams
- Parks Victoria, Marine and Coastal Science and Programs Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | - Rafael Carvalho
- School of Earth, Atmosphere and Environment Monash University Melbourne Vic. Australia
| | - Daniel Ierodiaconou
- Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences Deakin University Warrnambool Vic. Australia
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16
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Starko S, Neufeld CJ, Gendall L, Timmer B, Campbell L, Yakimishyn J, Druehl L, Baum JK. Microclimate predicts kelp forest extinction in the face of direct and indirect marine heatwave effects. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2022; 32:e2673. [PMID: 35584048 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Marine heatwaves threaten the persistence of kelp forests globally. However, the observed responses of kelp forests to these events have been highly variable on local scales. Here, we synthesize distribution data from an environmentally diverse region to examine spatial patterns of canopy kelp persistence through an unprecedented marine heatwave. We show that, although often overlooked, temperature variation occurring at fine spatial scales (i.e., a few kilometers or less) can be a critical driver of kelp forest persistence during these events. Specifically, though kelp forests nearly all persisted toward the cool outer coast, inshore areas were >3°C warmer at the surface and experienced extensive kelp loss. Although temperatures remained cool at depths below the thermocline, kelp persistence in these thermal refugia was strongly constrained by biotic interactions, specifically urchin populations that increased during the heatwave and drove transitions to urchin barrens in deeper rocky habitat. Urchins were, however, largely absent from mixed sand and cobble benthos, leading to an unexpected association between bottom substrate and kelp forest persistence at inshore sites with warm surface waters. Our findings demonstrate both that warm microclimates increase the risk of habitat loss during marine heatwaves and that biotic interactions modified by these events will modulate the capacity of cool microclimates to serve as thermal refugia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Starko
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
- Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre, Bamfield, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Christopher J Neufeld
- Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre, Bamfield, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lianna Gendall
- Department of Geography, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Brian Timmer
- Department of Geography, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lily Campbell
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
- Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre, Bamfield, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jennifer Yakimishyn
- Pacific Rim National Park Reserve of Canada, Ucluelet, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Louis Druehl
- Bamfield Marine Sciences Centre, Bamfield, British Columbia, Canada
- Canadian Kelp Resources, Bamfield, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Julia K Baum
- Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
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17
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Weaver S, McGaugh SE, Kono TJY, Macip-Rios R, Gluesenkamp AG. Assessing genomic and ecological differentiation among subspecies of the Rough-footed Mud Turtle, Kinosternon hirtipes. J Hered 2022; 113:538-551. [PMID: 35922036 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esac036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Combining genetic and ecological measures of differentiation can provide compelling evidence for ecological and genetic divergence among lineages. The Rough-footed Mud Turtle, Kinosternon hirtipes, is distributed from the Trans-Pecos region of Texas to the highlands of Central Mexico and contains six described subspecies, five of which are extant. We use ddRAD sequencing and species distribution models to assess levels of ecological and genetic differentiation among these subspecies. We also predict changes in climatically suitable habitat under different climate change scenarios and assess levels of genetic diversity and inbreeding within each lineage. Our results show that there is strong genetic and ecological differentiation among multiple lineages within K. hirtipes, and that this differentiation appears to be the result of vicariance associated with the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt. We propose changes to subspecies designations to more accurately reflect the evolutionary relationships among populations and assess threats to each subspecies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Weaver
- Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, 140 Gortner Lab, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Suzanne E McGaugh
- Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, 140 Gortner Lab, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Thomas J Y Kono
- Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, 140 Gortner Lab, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Rodrigo Macip-Rios
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores, Unidad Morelia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro No.8701, Col. Ex Hacienda de San José de la Huerta, CP 58190 Morelia, Michoacán, México.,Laboratorio Nacional de Síntesis Ecológica, Unidad Morelia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Antigua Carretera a Pátzcuaro No.8701, Col. Ex Hacienda de San José de la Huerta, CP 58190 Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Andrew G Gluesenkamp
- Center for Conservation and Research, San Antonio Zoo, 3903 N. St. Mary's Street, San Antonio, Texas 78212 USA
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18
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Bringloe TT, Wilkinson DP, Goldsmit J, Savoie AM, Filbee‐Dexter K, Macgregor KA, Howland KL, McKindsey CW, Verbruggen H. Arctic marine forest distribution models showcase potentially severe habitat losses for cryophilic species under climate change. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:3711-3727. [PMID: 35212084 PMCID: PMC9314671 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The Arctic is among the fastest-warming areas of the globe. Understanding the impact of climate change on foundational Arctic marine species is needed to provide insight on ecological resilience at high latitudes. Marine forests, the underwater seascapes formed by seaweeds, are predicted to expand their ranges further north in the Arctic in a warmer climate. Here, we investigated whether northern habitat gains will compensate for losses at the southern range edge by modelling marine forest distributions according to three distribution categories: cryophilic (species restricted to the Arctic environment), cryotolerant (species with broad environmental preferences inclusive but not limited to the Arctic environment), and cryophobic (species restricted to temperate conditions) marine forests. Using stacked MaxEnt models, we predicted the current extent of suitable habitat for contemporary and future marine forests under Representative Concentration Pathway Scenarios of increasing emissions (2.6, 4.5, 6.0, and 8.5). Our analyses indicate that cryophilic marine forests are already ubiquitous in the north, and thus cannot expand their range under climate change, resulting in an overall loss of habitat due to severe southern range contractions. The extent of marine forests within the Arctic basin, however, is predicted to remain largely stable under climate change with notable exceptions in some areas, particularly in the Canadian Archipelago. Succession may occur where cryophilic and cryotolerant species are extirpated at their southern range edge, resulting in ecosystem shifts towards temperate regimes at mid to high latitudes, though many aspects of these shifts, such as total biomass and depth range, remain to be field validated. Our results provide the first global synthesis of predicted changes to pan-Arctic coastal marine forest ecosystems under climate change and suggest ecosystem transitions are unavoidable now for some areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jesica Goldsmit
- Fisheries and Oceans CanadaArctic and Aquatic Research DivisionWinnipegManitobaCanada
- Fisheries and Oceans CanadaMaurice Lamontagne InstituteMont‐JoliQuébecCanada
| | - Amanda M. Savoie
- Centre for Arctic Knowledge and ExplorationCanadian Museum of NatureOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Karen Filbee‐Dexter
- Département de BiologieArcticNetQuébec OcéanUniversité LavalQuébecQuébecCanada
- School of Biological SciencesUWA Oceans InstituteUniversity of Western AustraliaCrawleyWestern AustraliaAustralia
- Institute of Marine ResearchFloedivigen Research StationHisNorway
| | | | - Kimberly L. Howland
- Fisheries and Oceans CanadaArctic and Aquatic Research DivisionWinnipegManitobaCanada
| | | | - Heroen Verbruggen
- School of BioSciencesUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
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19
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Chimura K, Akita S, Iwasaki T, Nagano AJ, Shimada S. Phylogeography of a canopy-forming kelp, Eisenia bicyclis (Laminariales, Phaeophyceae), based on a genome-wide sequencing analysis. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2022; 58:318-329. [PMID: 35000198 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Analyses of phylogeographic patterns and genetic diversity provide fundamental information for the management and conservation of species. However, little is published about these patterns in Japanese kelp species. In this study, we conducted phylogeographic analyses of a canopy-forming kelp, Eisenia bicyclis, based on genome-wide SNPs identified by ddRAD-seq. We obtained 1,299 SNPs for 76 samples from nine localities across the distribution. STRUCTURE, NeighborNet, and discriminant analysis of principal components consistently showed high genetic differentiation among the Eastern Pacific, Central Pacific, and Sea of Japan coastal regions. Relatively strong gene flow was detected only within populations in the Eastern Pacific and in the Sea of Japan. Genetic diversity and genetic uniqueness were high in the Central Pacific and low in the Sea of Japan. These results suggest that there were at least three independent refugia corresponding to the three regions during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Furthermore, relatively larger populations in the Central Pacific and smaller populations in the Sea of Japan have been maintained in the demographic history from before the LGM to the present. These phylogeographic histories were supported by an Approximate Bayesian Computation analysis. From a conservation genetics perspective, the loss of southern populations in the Central Pacific would greatly reduce the total genetic diversity of the species. Southern populations in the Sea of Japan, which have relatively low genetic diversity, may be highly vulnerable to environmental change, such as heat waves and increased feeding. Therefore, careful monitoring and conservation are needed in the two regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Chimura
- Humanities and Science, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Otsuka, Bunkyoku, Tokyo, 112-8610, Japan
| | - Shingo Akita
- Natural Science, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Otsuka, Bunkyoku, Tokyo, 112-8610, Japan
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato, Hakodate, Hokkaido, 041-8611, Japan
| | - Takaya Iwasaki
- Natural Science, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Otsuka, Bunkyoku, Tokyo, 112-8610, Japan
| | - Atsushi J Nagano
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ryukoku University, Yokotani 1-5, Seta Ohe-cho, Otsu, Shiga, 520-2194, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, 403-1 Nipponkoku, Daihouji, Tsuruoka, Yamagata, 997-0017, Japan
| | - Satoshi Shimada
- Natural Science, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Otsuka, Bunkyoku, Tokyo, 112-8610, Japan
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20
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DuBois K, Pollard KN, Kauffman BJ, Williams SL, Stachowicz JJ. Local adaptation in a marine foundation species: Implications for resilience to future global change. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:2596-2610. [PMID: 35007376 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Environmental change is multidimensional, with local anthropogenic stressors and global climate change interacting to differentially impact populations throughout a species' geographic range. Within species, the spatial distribution of phenotypic variation and its causes (i.e., local adaptation or plasticity) will determine species' adaptive capacity to respond to a changing environment. However, comparatively less is known about the spatial scale of adaptive differentiation among populations and how patterns of local adaptation might drive vulnerability to global change stressors. To test whether fine-scale (2-12 km) mosaics of environmental stress can cause adaptive differentiation in a marine foundation species, eelgrass (Zostera marina), we conducted a three-way reciprocal transplant experiment spanning the length of Tomales Bay, CA. Our results revealed strong home-site advantage in growth and survival for all three populations. In subsequent common garden experiments and feeding assays, we showed that countergradients in temperature, light availability, and grazing pressure from an introduced herbivore contribute to differential performance among populations consistent with local adaptation. Our findings highlight how local-scale mosaics in environmental stressors can increase phenotypic variation among neighboring populations, potentially increasing species resilience to future global change. More specifically, we identified a range-center eelgrass population that is pre-adapted to extremely warm temperatures similar to those experienced by low-latitude range-edge populations of eelgrass, demonstrating how reservoirs of heat-tolerant phenotypes may already exist throughout a species range. Future work on predicting species resilience to global change should incorporate potential buffering effects of local-scale population differentiation and promote a phenotypic management approach to species conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine DuBois
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
- Bodega Marine Laboratory, University of California Davis, Bodega Bay, California, USA
| | - Kenzie N Pollard
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Brian J Kauffman
- Bodega Marine Laboratory, University of California Davis, Bodega Bay, California, USA
| | - Susan L Williams
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
- Bodega Marine Laboratory, University of California Davis, Bodega Bay, California, USA
| | - John J Stachowicz
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, California, USA
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21
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Pettersen AK, Marzinelli EM, Steinberg PD, Coleman MA. Impact of marine protected areas on temporal stability of fish species diversity. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2022; 36:e13815. [PMID: 34342040 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Preserving biodiversity over time is a pressing challenge for conservation science. A key goal of marine protected areas (MPAs) is to maintain stability in species composition, via reduced turnover, to support ecosystem function. Yet, this stability is rarely measured directly under different levels of protection. Rather, evaluations of MPA efficacy generally consist of static measures of abundance, species richness, and biomass, and rare measures of turnover are limited to short-term studies involving pairwise (beta diversity) comparisons. Zeta diversity is a recently developed metric of turnover that allows for measurement of compositional similarity across multiple assemblages and thus provides more comprehensive estimates of turnover. We evaluated the effectiveness of MPAs at preserving fish zeta diversity across a network of marine reserves over 10 years in Batemans Marine Park, Australia. Snorkel transect surveys were conducted across multiple replicated and spatially interspersed sites to record fish species occurrence through time. Protection provided by MPAs conferred greater stability in fish species turnover. Marine protected areas had significantly shallower decline in zeta diversity compared with partially protected and unprotected areas. The retention of harvested species was four to six times greater in MPAs compared with partially protected and unprotected areas, and the stabilizing effects of protection were observable within 4 years of park implementation. Conversely, partial protection offered little to no improvement in stability, compared with unprotected areas. These findings support the efficacy of MPAs for preserving temporal fish diversity stability. The implementation of MPAs helps stabilize fish diversity and may, therefore, support biodiversity resilience under ongoing environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda K Pettersen
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ezequiel M Marzinelli
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Peter D Steinberg
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, New South Wales, Australia
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Melinda A Coleman
- Marine Ecosystem Research, Department of Primary Industries, New South Wales Fisheries, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia
- National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia
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22
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Coleman MA, Reddy M, Nimbs MJ, Marshell A, Al-Ghassani SA, Bolton JJ, Jupp BP, De Clerck O, Leliaert F, Champion C, Pearson GA, Serrão EA, Madeira P, Wernberg T. Loss of a globally unique kelp forest from Oman. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5020. [PMID: 35322059 PMCID: PMC8943203 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08264-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Kelp forests are declining in many regions globally with climatic perturbations causing shifts to alternate communities and significant ecological and economic loss. Range edge populations are often at most risk and are often only sustained through localised areas of upwelling or on deeper reefs. Here we document the loss of kelp forests (Ecklonia radiata) from the Sultanate of Oman, the only confirmed northern hemisphere population of this species. Contemporary surveys failed to find any kelp in its only known historical northern hemisphere location, Sadah on the Dhofar coast. Genetic analyses of historical herbarium specimens from Oman confirmed the species to be E. radiata and revealed the lost population contained a common CO1 haplotype found across South Africa, Australia and New Zealand suggesting it once established through rapid colonisation throughout its range. However, the Omani population also contained a haplotype that is found nowhere else in the extant southern hemisphere distribution of E. radiata. The loss of the Oman population could be due to significant increases in the Arabian Sea temperature over the past 40 years punctuated by suppression of coastal upwelling. Climate-mediated warming is threatening the persistence of temperate species and precipitating loss of unique genetic diversity at lower latitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Coleman
- National Marine Science Centre, New South Wales Fisheries, 2 Bay Drive, Coffs Harbour, NSW, 2450, Australia.
- National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, 2 Bay Drive, Coffs Harbour, NSW, 2450, Australia.
- UWA Oceans Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia.
| | - M Reddy
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Cape Town, 7701, South Africa
| | - M J Nimbs
- National Marine Science Centre, New South Wales Fisheries, 2 Bay Drive, Coffs Harbour, NSW, 2450, Australia
- National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, 2 Bay Drive, Coffs Harbour, NSW, 2450, Australia
| | - A Marshell
- Department of Marine Science and Fisheries, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - S A Al-Ghassani
- Fisheries Research Centre - Dhofar, Directorate General of Fisheries Research, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Water Resource, Salalah, Sultanate of Oman
| | - J J Bolton
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Cape Town, 7701, South Africa
| | - B P Jupp
- Senior Consultant - Marine, P.O. Box 389, Puerto Princesa, Palawan, 5300, Philippines
| | - O De Clerck
- Biology Department, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, Building S8, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - F Leliaert
- Biology Department, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, Building S8, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
- Meise Botanic Garden, Nieuwelaan 38, 1860, Meise, Belgium
| | - C Champion
- National Marine Science Centre, New South Wales Fisheries, 2 Bay Drive, Coffs Harbour, NSW, 2450, Australia
- National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, 2 Bay Drive, Coffs Harbour, NSW, 2450, Australia
| | - G A Pearson
- CCMAR, CIMAR, University of Algarve, Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - E A Serrão
- CCMAR, CIMAR, University of Algarve, Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - P Madeira
- CCMAR, CIMAR, University of Algarve, Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - T Wernberg
- UWA Oceans Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
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23
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Denryter K, Fischer JK. Mitigating anthropogenic barriers to facilitate distributional shifts helps reduce vulnerability of a large herbivore to climate change. Anim Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Denryter
- Wildlife Branch California Department of Fish and Wildlife West Sacramento California USA
| | - J. K. Fischer
- Wildlife Branch California Department of Fish and Wildlife West Sacramento California USA
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24
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Klein SG, Geraldi NR, Anton A, Schmidt‐Roach S, Ziegler M, Cziesielski MJ, Martin C, Rädecker N, Frölicher TL, Mumby PJ, Pandolfi JM, Suggett DJ, Voolstra CR, Aranda M, Duarte CM. Projecting coral responses to intensifying marine heatwaves under ocean acidification. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:1753-1765. [PMID: 34343392 PMCID: PMC9291544 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Over this century, coral reefs will run the gauntlet of climate change, as marine heatwaves (MHWs) become more intense and frequent, and ocean acidification (OA) progresses. However, we still lack a quantitative assessment of how, and to what degree, OA will moderate the responses of corals to MHWs as they intensify throughout this century. Here, we first projected future MHW intensities for tropical regions under three future greenhouse gas emissions scenario (representative concentration pathways, RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) for the near-term (2021-2040), mid-century (2041-2060) and late-century (2081-2100). We then combined these MHW intensity projections with a global data set of 1,788 experiments to assess coral attribute performance and survival under the three emissions scenarios for the near-term, mid-century and late-century in the presence and absence of OA. Although warming and OA had predominately additive impacts on the coral responses, the contribution of OA in affecting most coral attributes was minor relative to the dominant role of intensifying MHWs. However, the addition of OA led to greater decreases in photosynthesis and survival under intermediate and unrestricted emissions scenario for the mid- and late-century than if intensifying MHWs were considered as the only driver. These results show that role of OA in modulating coral responses to intensifying MHWs depended on the focal coral attribute and extremity of the scenario examined. Specifically, intensifying MHWs and OA will cause increasing instances of coral bleaching and substantial declines in coral productivity, calcification and survival within the next two decades under the low and intermediate emissions scenario. These projections suggest that corals must rapidly adapt or acclimatize to projected ocean conditions to persist, which is far more likely under a low emissions scenario and with increasing efforts to manage reefs to enhance resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon G. Klein
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC) and Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)ThuwalKingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Nathan R. Geraldi
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC) and Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)ThuwalKingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Andrea Anton
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC) and Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)ThuwalKingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sebastian Schmidt‐Roach
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)ThuwalKingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Maren Ziegler
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)ThuwalKingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Animal Ecology & SystematicsJustus Liebig UniversityGiessenGermany
| | - Maha J. Cziesielski
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)ThuwalKingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Cecilia Martin
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC) and Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)ThuwalKingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Nils Rädecker
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)ThuwalKingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Thomas L. Frölicher
- Climate and Environmental PhysicsPhysics InstituteUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
- Oeschger Centre for Climate Change ResearchUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Peter J. Mumby
- Marine Spatial Ecology LabSchool of Biological SciencesThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - John M. Pandolfi
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef StudiesSchool of Biological SciencesThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - David J. Suggett
- Climate Change ClusterFaculty of ScienceUniversity of Technology SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Christian R. Voolstra
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)ThuwalKingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of BiologyUniversity of KonstanzKonstanzGermany
| | - Manuel Aranda
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)ThuwalKingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Carlos. M. Duarte
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC) and Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)ThuwalKingdom of Saudi Arabia
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25
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Manca F, Mulà C, Gustafsson C, Mauri A, Roslin T, Thomas DN, Benedetti-Cecchi L, Norkko A, Strona G. Unveiling the complexity and ecological function of aquatic macrophyte-animal networks in coastal ecosystems. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2022; 97:1306-1324. [PMID: 35174616 PMCID: PMC9544924 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Network theory offers innovative tools to explore the complex ecological mechanisms regulating species associations and interactions. Although interest in ecological networks has grown steadily during the last two decades, the application of network approaches has been unequally distributed across different study systems: while some kinds of interactions (e.g. plant-pollinator and host-parasite) have been extensively investigated, others remain relatively unexplored. Among the latter, aquatic macrophyte-animal associations in coastal environments have been largely neglected, despite their major role in littoral ecosystems. The ubiquity of macrophyte systems, their accessibility and multi-faceted ecological, economical and societal importance make macrophyte-animal systems an ideal subject for ecological network science. In fact, macrophyte-animal networks offer an aquatic counterpart to terrestrial plant-animal networks. In this review, we show how the application of network analysis to aquatic macrophyte-animal associations has the potential to broaden our understanding of how coastal ecosystems function. Network analysis can also provide a key to understanding how such ecosystems will respond to on-going and future threats from anthropogenic disturbance and environmental change. For this, we: (i) identify key issues that have limited the application of network theory and modelling to aquatic animal-macrophyte associations; (ii) illustrate through examples based on empirical data how network analysis can offer new insights on the complexity and functioning of coastal ecosystems; and (iii) provide suggestions for how to design future studies and establish this new research line into network ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Manca
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, PO Box 65 Viikinkaari 1, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Clelia Mulà
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, PO Box 65 Viikinkaari 1, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Camilla Gustafsson
- Tvärminne Zoological Station, University of Helsinki, J.A. Palménin tie 260, Hanko, 10900, Finland
| | - Achille Mauri
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, PO Box 65 Viikinkaari 1, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Tomas Roslin
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Ulls väg 16, Uppsala, 756 51, Sweden.,Spatial Foodweb Ecology Group, Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 27 Latokartanonkaari 5, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - David N Thomas
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, University of Helsinki, PO Box 65 Viikinkaari 1, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | | | - Alf Norkko
- Tvärminne Zoological Station, University of Helsinki, J.A. Palménin tie 260, Hanko, 10900, Finland.,Baltic Sea Centre, Stockholm University, Svante Arrhenius väg 20 F, Stockholm, 106 91, Sweden
| | - Giovanni Strona
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, PO Box 65 Viikinkaari 1, Helsinki, 00014, Finland.,Research Centre for Ecological Change, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, PO Box 65 Viikinkaari 1, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
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26
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Alfonso B, Sansón M, Sangil C, Expósito FJ, Díaz JP, Hernández JC. Herbarium macroalgae specimens reveal a rapid reduction of thallus size and reproductive effort related with climate change. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 174:105546. [PMID: 34968841 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2021.105546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Understanding and forecasting the effects of climate changes on vulnerable species are leading concerns for ecologists and conservation biologists. Herbaria are invaluable for use in long-term data series, and one of the few available methods for quantifying biodiversity changes over large periods of time. Gelidium canariense is an endemic and habitat-forming macroalga of the Canary Islands that coexists with two other habitat-forming Gelidiales: G. arbuscula and Pterocladiella capillacea. This study assesses long-term changes in thallus size and reproductive effort of all specimens deposited in the Herbarium of Universidad de La Laguna of these three Gelidiales species. Also assessed were the effects of seawater temperature and increased incident light on net primary production (NPP), and the effects of extreme desiccation conditions on the relative water content and NPP of the three Gelidiales species. The length of the thallus of the endemic species G. canariense was halved during the past 40 years. The shortening of the thallus coincided with a significant decrease in the number of reproductive structures in both Gelidium species. These morphological changes coincide with a significant increase of the sea surface temperature, air temperature above sea surface and ultraviolet radiation in the studied area. The experiments have revealed the deleterious effects of extreme desiccation and extreme irradiance on all three species. Hence, these results suggest that air temperature and irradiance are related with these morphological changes over time in the habitat-forming Gelidium species and that are most likely compromising the survival of their populations which are already declining.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Alfonso
- Departamento de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de La Laguna, Canary Islands, Spain.
| | - M Sansón
- Departamento de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de La Laguna, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - C Sangil
- Departamento de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de La Laguna, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - F J Expósito
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de La Laguna, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - J P Díaz
- Departamento de Física, Universidad de La Laguna, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - J C Hernández
- Departamento de Biología Animal, Edafología y Geología, Universidad de La Laguna, Canary Islands, Spain
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27
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Straub SC, Wernberg T, Marzinelli EM, Vergés A, Kelaher BP, Coleman MA. Persistence of seaweed forests in the anthropocene will depend on warming and marine heatwave profiles. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2022; 58:22-35. [PMID: 34800039 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Marine heatwaves (MHWs), discrete periods of extreme warm water temperatures superimposed onto persistent ocean warming, have increased in frequency and significantly disrupted marine ecosystems. While field observations on the ecological consequences of MHWs are growing, a mechanistic understanding of their direct effects is rare. We conducted an outdoor tank experiment testing how different thermal stressor profiles impacted the ecophysiological performance of three dominant forest-forming seaweeds. Four thermal scenarios were tested: contemporary summer temperature (22°C), low persistent warming (24°C), a discrete MHW (22-27°C), and temperature variability followed by a MHW (22-24°C, 22-27°C). The physiological performance of seaweeds was strongly related to thermal profile and varied among species, with the highest temperature not always having the strongest effect. MHWs were highly detrimental for the fucoid Phyllospora comosa, whereas the laminarian kelp Ecklonia radiata showed sensitivity to extended thermal stress and demonstrated a cumulative temperature threshold. The fucoid Sargassum linearifolium showed resilience, albeit with signs of decline with bleached and degraded fronds, under all conditions, with stronger decline under stable control and warming conditions. The varying responses of these three co-occurring forest-forming seaweeds under different temperature scenarios suggests that the impact of ocean warming on near shore ecosystems may be complex and will depend on the specific thermal profile of rising water temperatures relative to the vulnerability of different species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra C Straub
- UWA Oceans Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Thomas Wernberg
- UWA Oceans Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
- Institute of Marine Research, Flødevigen Research Station, His, Norway
| | - Ezequiel M Marzinelli
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, Australia
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Adriana Vergés
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman, Australia
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Brendan P Kelaher
- National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, Australia
| | - Melinda A Coleman
- UWA Oceans Institute and School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
- National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, Australia
- Department of Primary Industries, NSW Fisheries, Coffs Harbour, Australia
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28
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Hamer J, Matthiessen B, Pulina S, Hattich GSI. Maintenance of Intraspecific Diversity in Response to Species Competition and Nutrient Fluctuations. Microorganisms 2022; 10:113. [PMID: 35056562 PMCID: PMC8779635 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10010113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Intraspecific diversity is a substantial part of biodiversity, yet little is known about its maintenance. Understanding mechanisms of intraspecific diversity shifts provides realistic detail about how phytoplankton communities evolve to new environmental conditions, a process especially important in times of climate change. Here, we aimed to identify factors that maintain genotype diversity and link the observed diversity change to measured phytoplankton morpho-functional traits Vmax and cell size of the species and genotypes. In an experimental setup, the two phytoplankton species Emiliania huxleyi and Chaetoceros affinis, each consisting of nine genotypes, were cultivated separately and together under different fluctuation and nutrient regimes. Their genotype composition was assessed after 49 and 91 days, and Shannon's diversity index was calculated on the genotype level. We found that a higher intraspecific diversity can be maintained in the presence of a competitor, provided it has a substantial proportion to total biovolume. Both fluctuation and nutrient regime showed species-specific effects and especially structured genotype sorting of C. affinis. While we could relate species sorting with the measured traits, genotype diversity shifts could only be partly explained. The observed context dependency of genotype maintenance suggests that the evolutionary potential could be better understood, if studied in more natural settings including fluctuations and competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorin Hamer
- Marine Ecology, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (B.M.); (G.S.I.H.)
| | - Birte Matthiessen
- Marine Ecology, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (B.M.); (G.S.I.H.)
| | - Silvia Pulina
- Aquatic Ecology Group, Department of Architecture, Design and Urban Planning, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Giannina S. I. Hattich
- Marine Ecology, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (B.M.); (G.S.I.H.)
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
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29
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Capistrant-Fossa KA, Morrison HG, Engelen AH, Quigley CTC, Morozov A, Serrão EA, Brodie J, Gachon CMM, Badis Y, Johnson LE, Hoarau G, Abreu MH, Tester PA, Stearns LA, Brawley SH. The microbiome of the habitat-forming brown alga Fucus vesiculosus (Phaeophyceae) has similar cross-Atlantic structure that reflects past and present drivers 1. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2021; 57:1681-1698. [PMID: 34176151 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Latitudinal diversity gradients have provided many insights into species differentiation and community processes. In the well-studied intertidal zone, however, little is known about latitudinal diversity in microbiomes associated with habitat-forming hosts. We investigated microbiomes of Fucus vesiculosus because of deep understanding of this model system and its latitudinally large, cross-Atlantic range. Given multiple effects of photoperiod, we predicted that cross-Atlantic microbiomes of the Fucus microbiome would be similar at similar latitudes and correlate with environmental factors. We found that community structure and individual amplicon sequencing variants (ASVs) showed distinctive latitudinal distributions, but alpha diversity did not. Latitudinal differentiation was mostly driven by ASVs that were more abundant in cold temperate to subarctic (e.g., Granulosicoccus_t3260, Burkholderia/Caballeronia/Paraburkholderia_t8371) or warm temperate (Pleurocapsa_t10392) latitudes. Their latitudinal distributions correlated with different humidity, tidal heights, and air/sea temperatures, but rarely with irradiance or photoperiod. Many ASVs in potentially symbiotic genera displayed novel phylogenetic biodiversity with differential distributions among tissues and regions, including closely related ASVs with differing north-south distributions that correlated with Fucus phylogeography. An apparent southern range contraction of F. vesiculosus in the NW Atlantic on the North Carolina coast mimics that recently observed in the NE Atlantic. We suggest cross-Atlantic microbial structure of F. vesiculosus is related to a combination of past (glacial-cycle) and contemporary environmental drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hilary G Morrison
- Marine Biological Laboratory, Josephine Bay Paul Center, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, 02543, USA
| | - Aschwin H Engelen
- Centro de Ciências do Mar, Universidade do Algarve, Gambelas, Faro, 8005-139, Portugal
| | | | - Aleksey Morozov
- Marine Biological Laboratory, Josephine Bay Paul Center, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, 02543, USA
| | - Ester A Serrão
- Centro de Ciências do Mar, Universidade do Algarve, Gambelas, Faro, 8005-139, Portugal
| | - Juliet Brodie
- Natural History Museum, Department of Life Sciences, London, SW7 5BD, UK
| | | | - Yacine Badis
- Scottish Association for Marine Science, Oban, PA37 1QA, UK
| | - Ladd E Johnson
- Département de Biologie, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Galice Hoarau
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, 8049, Norway
| | | | | | - Leigh A Stearns
- Department of Geology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, 66045, USA
| | - Susan H Brawley
- School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, 04469, USA
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30
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Faske TM, Agneray AC, Jahner JP, Sheta LM, Leger EA, Parchman TL. Genomic and common garden approaches yield complementary results for quantifying environmental drivers of local adaptation in rubber rabbitbrush, a foundational Great Basin shrub. Evol Appl 2021; 14:2881-2900. [PMID: 34950235 PMCID: PMC8674890 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The spatial structure of genomic and phenotypic variation across populations reflects historical and demographic processes as well as evolution via natural selection. Characterizing such variation can provide an important perspective for understanding the evolutionary consequences of changing climate and for guiding ecological restoration. While evidence for local adaptation has been traditionally evaluated using phenotypic data, modern methods for generating and analyzing landscape genomic data can directly quantify local adaptation by associating allelic variation with environmental variation. Here, we analyze both genomic and phenotypic variation of rubber rabbitbrush (Ericameria nauseosa), a foundational shrub species of western North America. To quantify landscape genomic structure and provide perspective on patterns of local adaptation, we generated reduced representation sequencing data for 17 wild populations (222 individuals; 38,615 loci) spanning a range of environmental conditions. Population genetic analyses illustrated pronounced landscape genomic structure jointly shaped by geography and environment. Genetic-environment association (GEA) analyses using both redundancy analysis (RDA) and a machine-learning approach (Gradient Forest) indicated environmental variables (precipitation seasonality, slope, aspect, elevation, and annual precipitation) influenced spatial genomic structure and were correlated with allele frequency shifts indicative of local adaptation at a consistent set of genomic regions. We compared our GEA-based inference of local adaptation with phenotypic data collected by growing seeds from each population in a greenhouse common garden. Population differentiation in seed weight, emergence, and seedling traits was associated with environmental variables (e.g., precipitation seasonality) that were also implicated in GEA analyses, suggesting complementary conclusions about the drivers of local adaptation across different methods and data sources. Our results provide a baseline understanding of spatial genomic structure for E. nauseosa across the western Great Basin and illustrate the utility of GEA analyses for detecting the environmental causes and genetic signatures of local adaptation in a widely distributed plant species of restoration significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor M. Faske
- Department of BiologyUniversity of NevadaRenoNevadaUSA
- Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology ProgramUniversity of NevadaRenoNevadaUSA
| | - Alison C. Agneray
- Department of BiologyUniversity of NevadaRenoNevadaUSA
- Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology ProgramUniversity of NevadaRenoNevadaUSA
| | | | - Lana M. Sheta
- Department of BiologyUniversity of NevadaRenoNevadaUSA
| | - Elizabeth A. Leger
- Department of BiologyUniversity of NevadaRenoNevadaUSA
- Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology ProgramUniversity of NevadaRenoNevadaUSA
| | - Thomas L. Parchman
- Department of BiologyUniversity of NevadaRenoNevadaUSA
- Ecology, Evolution, and Conservation Biology ProgramUniversity of NevadaRenoNevadaUSA
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31
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Xu Y, Zhang Y, Liang J, He G, Liu X, Zheng Z, Le DQ, Deng Y, Zhao L. Impacts of marine heatwaves on pearl oysters are alleviated following repeated exposure. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 173:112932. [PMID: 34534933 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Marine heatwaves (MHWs) have occurred with increasing duration, frequency and intensity in the past decade in the South China Sea, posing serious threats to marine ecosystems and fisheries. However, the impact of MHWs on marine bivalves - one of the most ecologically and economically important fauna in coastal ecosystems - remains largely unknown. Here, we investigated physiological responses of the pearl oyster, Pinctada maxima inhabiting a newly identified climate change hotspot (Beibu Gulf, South China Sea) to short-lasting and repeatedly-occurring MHWs scenarios. Following 3-day exposure to short-lasting MHWs scenarios with water temperature rapidly arising from 24 °C to 28 °C, 32 °C and 36 °C, respectively, mortality rates of pearl oysters increased, and especially they suffered 100% mortality at 36 °C. Activities of enzymes including acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP), glutathione (GSH) and level of malondialdehyde (MDA) increased significantly with increasing intensity and duration of MHWs, indicating thermal stress responses. When exposed to repeatedly-occurring MHWs scenarios, mortality rates of pearl oysters increased slightly, and thermal stress responses were alleviated, as exemplified by significant decreases in ACP, AKP, GSH and MDA activities compared with those during short-lasting MHWs scenarios, demonstrating the potential of P. maxima to acclimate rapidly to MHWs. These findings advance our understanding of how marine bivalves respond to MHWs scenarios varying in duration, frequency, and intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xu
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yuehuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 510301, China.
| | - Jian Liang
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China; Department of Fisheries, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Guixiang He
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Xiaolong Liu
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zhe Zheng
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Dung Quang Le
- Institute for Circular Economy Development, Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Yuewen Deng
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Liqiang Zhao
- Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China.
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32
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Parvizi E, Dutoit L, Fraser CI, Craw D, Waters JM. Concordant phylogeographic responses to large-scale coastal disturbance in intertidal macroalgae and their epibiota. Mol Ecol 2021; 31:646-657. [PMID: 34695264 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Major ecological disturbance events can provide opportunities to assess multispecies responses to upheaval. In particular, catastrophic disturbances that regionally extirpate habitat-forming species can potentially influence the genetic diversity of large numbers of codistributed taxa. However, due to the rarity of such disturbance events over ecological timeframes, the genetic dynamics of multispecies recolonization processes have remained little understood. Here, we use single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data from multiple coastal species to track the dynamics of cocolonization events in response to ancient earthquake disturbance in southern New Zealand. Specifically, we use a comparative phylogeographic approach to understand the extent to which epifauna (with varying ecological associations with their macroalgal hosts) share comparable spatial and temporal recolonization patterns. Our study reveals concordant disturbance-related phylogeographic breaks in two intertidal macroalgal species along with two associated epibiotic species (a chiton and an isopod). By contrast, two codistributed species, one of which is an epibiotic amphipod and the other a subtidal macroalga, show few, if any, genetic effects of palaeoseismic coastal uplift. Phylogeographic model selection reveals similar post-uplift recolonization routes for the epibiotic chiton and isopod and their macroalgal hosts. Additionally, codemographic analyses support synchronous population expansions of these four phylogeographically similar taxa. Our findings indicate that coastal paleoseismic activity has driven concordant impacts on multiple codistributed species, with concerted recolonization events probably facilitated by macroalgal rafting. These results highlight that high-resolution comparative genomic data can help reconstruct concerted multispecies responses to recent ecological disturbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Parvizi
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Ludovic Dutoit
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Ceridwen I Fraser
- Department of Marine Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Dave Craw
- Department of Geology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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33
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Smith KE, Burrows MT, Hobday AJ, Sen Gupta A, Moore PJ, Thomsen M, Wernberg T, Smale DA. Socioeconomic impacts of marine heatwaves: Global issues and opportunities. Science 2021; 374:eabj3593. [PMID: 34672757 DOI: 10.1126/science.abj3593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E Smith
- Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, PL1 2PB, UK
| | | | | | - Alex Sen Gupta
- Climate Change Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Pippa J Moore
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle-Upon-Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Mads Thomsen
- The Marine Ecology Research Group, Centre of Integrative Ecology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, 8041 Christchurch, New Zealand.,Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Thomas Wernberg
- University of Western Australia, Oceans Institute and School of Biological Sciences, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia.,Institute of Marine Research, Floedevigen, 4817 His, Norway
| | - Dan A Smale
- Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, PL1 2PB, UK
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34
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Umanzor S, Sandoval-Gil J, Sánchez-Barredo M, Ladah LB, Ramírez-García MM, Zertuche-González JA. Short-term stress responses and recovery of giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera, Laminariales, Phaeophyceae) juvenile sporophytes to a simulated marine heatwave and nitrate scarcity 1. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2021; 57:1604-1618. [PMID: 34124800 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The frequency of marine heatwaves (MHWs) is increasing due to climate change. Although seaweeds are resilient to environmental changes, an increasing body of evidence shows that rising sea surface temperatures have deleterious effects on temperate kelp species. However, information on the vulnerability of juvenile kelp to these stressors and their population stability is limited. This study summarizes findings on the ability of juvenile sporophytes of Macrocystis pyrifera to survive and recover from simulated MHW conditions (22°C, 5 d) in combination with nitrate limitation (<1 µM) by evaluating photosynthetic capacity, nitrate uptake, tissue composition, bio-optical properties, and oxidative stress of single-blade juvenile sporophytes (<20 cm). Temperature, nitrate availability, and their interaction had significant effects on the physiological status of juvenile sporophytes after the exposure and recovery periods. Overall, as expected, the photosynthetic capacity of juvenile sporophytes decreased with increased temperature and lower nitrate availability. Short-term exposure to simulated MHWs resulted in oxidative damage and reduced growth. The termination of the experimental warming allowed partial recovery to control values, indicating high physiological resilience. However, the interaction of both high temperature and nitrate scarcity induced irreversible damage to their photosynthetic capacity, with an increase in compensation irradiance, highlighting potential limitations in the carbon balance of juvenile sporophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Schery Umanzor
- College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Juneau, Alaska, 99801, USA
| | - José Sandoval-Gil
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oceanológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Km 106 Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada, Ensenada, Baja California, CP 22860, Mexico
| | - Mariana Sánchez-Barredo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oceanológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Km 106 Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada, Ensenada, Baja California, CP 22860, Mexico
| | - Lydia B Ladah
- Department of Biological Oceanography, CICESE, Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Mary-Mar Ramírez-García
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oceanológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Km 106 Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada, Ensenada, Baja California, CP 22860, Mexico
| | - José Antonio Zertuche-González
- Instituto de Investigaciones Oceanológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Km 106 Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada, Ensenada, Baja California, CP 22860, Mexico
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35
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Hoban S, Bruford MW, Funk WC, Galbusera P, Griffith MP, Grueber CE, Heuertz M, Hunter ME, Hvilsom C, Stroil BK, Kershaw F, Khoury CK, Laikre L, Lopes-Fernandes M, MacDonald AJ, Mergeay J, Meek M, Mittan C, Mukassabi TA, O'Brien D, Ogden R, Palma-Silva C, Ramakrishnan U, Segelbacher G, Shaw RE, Sjögren-Gulve P, Veličković N, Vernesi C. Global Commitments to Conserving and Monitoring Genetic Diversity Are Now Necessary and Feasible. Bioscience 2021; 71:964-976. [PMID: 34475806 PMCID: PMC8407967 DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biab054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Global conservation policy and action have largely neglected protecting and monitoring genetic diversity—one of the three main pillars of biodiversity. Genetic diversity (diversity within species) underlies species’ adaptation and survival, ecosystem resilience, and societal innovation. The low priority given to genetic diversity has largely been due to knowledge gaps in key areas, including the importance of genetic diversity and the trends in genetic diversity change; the perceived high expense and low availability and the scattered nature of genetic data; and complicated concepts and information that are inaccessible to policymakers. However, numerous recent advances in knowledge, technology, databases, practice, and capacity have now set the stage for better integration of genetic diversity in policy instruments and conservation efforts. We review these developments and explore how they can support improved consideration of genetic diversity in global conservation policy commitments and enable countries to monitor, report on, and take action to maintain or restore genetic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Hoban
- The Morton Arboretum, Center for Tree Science, Lisle, Illinois, United States
| | | | - W Chris Funk
- Department of Biology, Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States
| | - Peter Galbusera
- Royal Zoological Society of Antwerp, Centre for Research and Conservation, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Catherine E Grueber
- University of Sydney's School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Myriam Heuertz
- INRAE, and the University of Bordeaux, Biogeco, Cestas, France
| | - Margaret E Hunter
- US Geological Survey's Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, Gainesville, Florida, United States
| | | | - Belma Kalamujic Stroil
- University of Sarajevo Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Laboratory for Molecular Genetics of Natural Resources, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Francine Kershaw
- Natural Resources Defense Council, New York, New York, United States
| | - Colin K Khoury
- International Center for Tropical Agriculture, Cali, Colombia
| | - Linda Laikre
- Department of Zoology, Division of Population Genetics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Anna J MacDonald
- Australian National University, John Curtin School of Medical Research and Research School of Biology, Canberra, Australia
| | - Joachim Mergeay
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Geraardsbergen, Belgium
| | - Mariah Meek
- Michigan State University Department of Integrative Biology, AgBio Research, Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Program, East Lansing, Michigan, United States
| | - Cinnamon Mittan
- Cornell University's Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Ithaca, New York, United States
| | - Tarek A Mukassabi
- University of Benghazi Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, Benghazi, Libya
| | | | - Rob Ogden
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and with the Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | | | - Uma Ramakrishnan
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, National Centre for Biological Sciences, Bangalore, India
| | - Gernot Segelbacher
- Chair of wildlife ecology and management, University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Robyn E Shaw
- Department of Environmental and Conservation Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, Australia
| | - Per Sjögren-Gulve
- Wildlife Analysis Unit, Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nevena Veličković
- University of Novi Sad's Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology and Ecology, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Cristiano Vernesi
- Forest Ecology and Biogeochemical Fluxes Unit, Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all' Adige, Italy
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36
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Gompert Z, Springer A, Brady M, Chaturvedi S, Lucas LK. Genomic time-series data show that gene flow maintains high genetic diversity despite substantial genetic drift in a butterfly species. Mol Ecol 2021; 30:4991-5008. [PMID: 34379852 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Effective population size affects the efficacy of selection, rate of evolution by drift, and neutral diversity levels. When species are subdivided into multiple populations connected by gene flow, evolutionary processes can depend on global or local effective population sizes. Theory predicts that high levels of diversity might be maintained by gene flow, even very low levels of gene flow, consistent with species long-term effective population size, but tests of this idea are mostly lacking. Here, we show that Lycaeides buttery populations maintain low contemporary (variance) effective population sizes (e.g., ~200 individuals) and thus evolve rapidly by genetic drift. In contrast, populations harbored high levels of genetic diversity consistent with an effective population size several orders of magnitude larger. We hypothesized that the differences in the magnitude and variability of contemporary versus long-term effective population sizes were caused by gene flow of sufficient magnitude to maintain diversity but only subtly affect evolution on generational time scales. Consistent with this hypothesis, we detected low but non-trivial gene flow among populations. Furthermore, using short-term population-genomic time-series data, we documented patterns consistent with predictions from this hypothesis, including a weak but detectable excess of evolutionary change in the direction of the mean (migrant gene pool) allele frequencies across populations, and consistency in the direction of allele frequency change over time. The documented decoupling of diversity levels and short-term change by drift in Lycaeides has implications for our understanding of contemporary evolution and the maintenance of genetic variation in the wild.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachariah Gompert
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA.,Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
| | - Amy Springer
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
| | - Megan Brady
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
| | - Samridhi Chaturvedi
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA.,Department of Organismic & Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Lauren K Lucas
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
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37
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Major EI, Höhn M, Avanzi C, Fady B, Heer K, Opgenoorth L, Piotti A, Popescu F, Postolache D, Vendramin GG, Csilléry K. Fine-scale spatial genetic structure across the species range reflects recent colonization of high elevation habitats in silver fir (Abies alba Mill.). Mol Ecol 2021; 30:5247-5265. [PMID: 34365696 PMCID: PMC9291806 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Variation in genetic diversity across species ranges has long been recognized as highly informative for assessing populations’ resilience and adaptive potential. The spatial distribution of genetic diversity within populations, referred to as fine‐scale spatial genetic structure (FSGS), also carries information about recent demographic changes, yet it has rarely been connected to range scale processes. We studied eight silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) population pairs (sites), growing at high and low elevations, representative of the main genetic lineages of the species. A total of 1,368 adult trees and 540 seedlings were genotyped using 137 and 116 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), respectively. Sites revealed a clear east‐west isolation‐by‐distance pattern consistent with the post‐glacial colonization history of the species. Genetic differentiation among sites (FCT = 0.148) was an order of magnitude greater than between elevations within sites (FSC = 0.031), nevertheless high elevation populations consistently exhibited a stronger FSGS. Structural equation modelling revealed that elevation and, to a lesser extent, post‐glacial colonization history, but not climatic and habitat variables, were the best predictors of FSGS across populations. These results suggest that high elevation habitats have been colonized more recently across the species range. Additionally, paternity analysis revealed a high reproductive skew among adults and a stronger FSGS in seedlings than in adults, suggesting that FSGS may conserve the signature of demographic changes for several generations. Our results emphasize that spatial patterns of genetic diversity within populations provide information about demographic history complementary to non‐spatial statistics, and could be used for genetic diversity monitoring, especially in forest trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enikő I Major
- Department of Botany, Hungarian University of Agronomy and Life Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mária Höhn
- Department of Botany, Hungarian University of Agronomy and Life Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Camilla Avanzi
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council of Italy (IBBR-CNR), Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy
| | - Bruno Fady
- Ecology of Mediterranean Forests (URFM), INRAE, UR629, Avignon, France
| | - Katrin Heer
- Conservation Biology, Philipps Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Lars Opgenoorth
- Plant Ecology and Geobotany, Philipps Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Piotti
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council of Italy (IBBR-CNR), Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy
| | - Flaviu Popescu
- National Institute for Research and Development in Forestry "Marin Drăcea", Ilfov County, Romania
| | - Dragos Postolache
- National Institute for Research and Development in Forestry "Marin Drăcea", Ilfov County, Romania
| | - Giovanni G Vendramin
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council of Italy (IBBR-CNR), Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy
| | - Katalin Csilléry
- Land Change Science, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
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38
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Vranken S, Wernberg T, Scheben A, Severn-Ellis AA, Batley J, Bayer PE, Edwards D, Wheeler D, Coleman MA. Genotype-Environment mismatch of kelp forests under climate change. Mol Ecol 2021; 30:3730-3746. [PMID: 34018645 DOI: 10.1111/mec.15993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is increasingly impacting ecosystems globally. Understanding adaptive genetic diversity and whether it will keep pace with projected climatic change is necessary to assess species' vulnerability and design efficient mitigation strategies such as assisted adaptation. Kelp forests are the foundations of temperate reefs globally but are declining in many regions due to climate stress. A lack of knowledge of kelp's adaptive genetic diversity hinders assessment of vulnerability under extant and future climates. Using 4245 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), we characterized patterns of neutral and putative adaptive genetic diversity for the dominant kelp in the southern hemisphere (Ecklonia radiata) from ~1000 km of coastline off Western Australia. Strong population structure and isolation-by-distance was underpinned by significant signatures of selection related to temperature and light. Gradient forest analysis of temperature-linked SNPs under selection revealed a strong association with mean annual temperature range, suggesting adaptation to local thermal environments. Critically, modelling revealed that predicted climate-mediated temperature changes will probably result in high genomic vulnerability via a mismatch between current and future predicted genotype-environment relationships such that kelp forests off Western Australia will need to significantly adapt to keep pace with projected climate change. Proactive management techniques such as assisted adaptation to boost resilience may be required to secure the future of these kelp forests and the immense ecological and economic values they support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Vranken
- UWA Oceans Institute, Crawley, WA, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Thomas Wernberg
- UWA Oceans Institute, Crawley, WA, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Institute of Marine Research, His, Norway
| | - Armin Scheben
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Simons Center for Quantitative Biology, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Jacqueline Batley
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Philipp Emanuel Bayer
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - David Edwards
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - David Wheeler
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Orange Agricultural Institute, Orange, NSW, Australia
| | - Melinda Ann Coleman
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- New South Wales Fisheries, National Marine Science Centre, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia
- National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia
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39
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Mamo LT, Wood G, Wheeler D, Kelaher BP, Coleman MA. Conservation genomics of a critically endangered brown seaweed. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2021; 57:1345-1355. [PMID: 33908033 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Seaweeds provide valuable ecosystem services, but many are undergoing global decline due to climate and anthropogenic stressors. The brown macroalga, Nereia lophocladia (hereafter called Nereia), is among only a handful of seaweeds globally to be listed as critically endangered and is only described from two known locations, but there exists little knowledge about this species. Here, we combine field surveys to verify the distribution of Nereia, with cutting-edge genomics to determine genetic diversity and population structure, and inform ongoing conservation actions. We expand Nereia's known distribution from one to seven locations along a 70-km long coastal stretch in New South Wales but reveal small population sizes at some sites (as few as 8 individuals despite extensive searching). A total of 1,261 genome-wide SNPs were retained from 70 individuals after filtering, and 304 outlier loci under putative selection were detected by one of three methods. Populations showed low genetic diversity (mean expected heterozygosity HE = 0.055 ± 0.014) and high levels of inbreeding within populations (mean FIS = 0.721 ± 0.085), along with high genetic differentiation among sites (mean FST = 0.276), which may increase susceptibility to future environmental change and decrease the species' ability to recover after loss. Given these findings, we recommend the consideration of both in situ and ex situ conservation measures for Nereia, as well as further research into the species' ecology and biology. Nereia remains of conservation concern and its listing as critically endangered is justified until further investigation elucidates the full distribution and adaptive capacity of the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea T Mamo
- National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, 2450, Australia
| | - Georgina Wood
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Coastal and Marine Ecosystems, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia
| | - David Wheeler
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Orange, New South Wales, 2800, Australia
| | - Brendan P Kelaher
- National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, 2450, Australia
| | - Melinda A Coleman
- National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, 2450, Australia
- Department of Primary Industries, NSW Fisheries, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, 2450, Australia
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40
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Song X, Assis J, Zhang J, Gao X, Gao H, Duan D, Serrão EA, Hu Z. Climate-induced range shifts shaped the present and threaten the future genetic variability of a marine brown alga in the Northwest Pacific. Evol Appl 2021; 14:1867-1879. [PMID: 34295369 PMCID: PMC8288013 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaciation-induced environmental changes during the last glacial maximum (LGM) have strongly influenced species' distributions and genetic diversity patterns in the northern high latitudes. However, these effects have seldom been assessed on sessile species in the Northwest Pacific. Herein, we chose the brown alga Sargassum thunbergii to test this hypothesis, by comparing present population genetic variability with inferred geographical range shifts from the LGM to the present, estimated with species distribution modelling (SDM). Projections for contrasting scenarios of future climate change were also developed to anticipate genetic diversity losses at regional scales. Results showed that S. thunbergii harbours strikingly rich genetic diversity and multiple divergent lineages in the centre-northern range of its distribution, in contrast with a poorer genetically distinct lineage in the southern range. SDM hindcasted refugial persistence in the southern range during the LGM as well as post-LGM expansion of 18 degrees of latitude northward. Approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) analysis further suggested that the multiple divergent lineages in the centre-northern range limit stem from post-LGM colonization from the southern survived lineage. This suggests divergence due to demographic bottlenecks during range expansion and massive genetic diversity loss during post-LGM contraction in the south. The projected future range of S. thunbergii highlights the threat to unique gene pools that might be lost under global changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao‐Han Song
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine BiologyCenter for Ocean Mega‐ScienceInstitute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and BiotechnologyQingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdaoChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jorge Assis
- CCMARUniversity of Algarve, Campus de GambelasFaroPortugal
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine BiologyCenter for Ocean Mega‐ScienceInstitute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and BiotechnologyQingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdaoChina
| | - Xu Gao
- Faculty of Biological Science and Research Institute for Basic ScienceWonkwang UniversityIksanKorea
| | - Han‐Gil Gao
- Faculty of Biological Science and Research Institute for Basic ScienceWonkwang UniversityIksanKorea
| | - De‐Lin Duan
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine BiologyCenter for Ocean Mega‐ScienceInstitute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and BiotechnologyQingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdaoChina
| | | | - Zi‐Min Hu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine BiologyCenter for Ocean Mega‐ScienceInstitute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdaoChina
- Ocean SchoolYantai UniversityYantaiChina
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41
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Thomson AI, Archer FI, Coleman MA, Gajardo G, Goodall‐Copestake WP, Hoban S, Laikre L, Miller AD, O’Brien D, Pérez‐Espona S, Segelbacher G, Serrão EA, Sjøtun K, Stanley MS. Charting a course for genetic diversity in the UN Decade of Ocean Science. Evol Appl 2021; 14:1497-1518. [PMID: 34178100 PMCID: PMC8210796 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The health of the world's oceans is intrinsically linked to the biodiversity of the ecosystems they sustain. The importance of protecting and maintaining ocean biodiversity has been affirmed through the setting of the UN Sustainable Development Goal 14 to conserve and sustainably use the ocean for society's continuing needs. The decade beginning 2021-2030 has additionally been declared as the UN Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development. This program aims to maximize the benefits of ocean science to the management, conservation, and sustainable development of the marine environment by facilitating communication and cooperation at the science-policy interface. A central principle of the program is the conservation of species and ecosystem components of biodiversity. However, a significant omission from the draft version of the Decade of Ocean Science Implementation Plan is the acknowledgment of the importance of monitoring and maintaining genetic biodiversity within species. In this paper, we emphasize the importance of genetic diversity to adaptive capacity, evolutionary potential, community function, and resilience within populations, as well as highlighting some of the major threats to genetic diversity in the marine environment from direct human impacts and the effects of global climate change. We then highlight the significance of ocean genetic diversity to a diverse range of socioeconomic factors in the marine environment, including marine industries, welfare and leisure pursuits, coastal communities, and wider society. Genetic biodiversity in the ocean, and its monitoring and maintenance, is then discussed with respect to its integral role in the successful realization of the 2030 vision for the Decade of Ocean Science. Finally, we suggest how ocean genetic diversity might be better integrated into biodiversity management practices through the continued interaction between environmental managers and scientists, as well as through key leverage points in industry requirements for Blue Capital financing and social responsibility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Melinda A. Coleman
- New South Wales FisheriesNational Marine Science CentreCoffs HarbourNSWAustralia
- National Marine Science CentreSouthern Cross UniversityCoffs HarbourNSWAustralia
- Oceans Institute and School of Biological SciencesUniversity of Western AustraliaCrawleyWAAustralia
| | - Gonzalo Gajardo
- Laboratory of Genetics, Aquaculture & BiodiversityUniversidad de Los LagosOsornoChile
| | | | - Sean Hoban
- Centre for Tree ScienceThe Morton ArboretumLisleILUSA
| | - Linda Laikre
- Centre for Tree ScienceThe Morton ArboretumLisleILUSA
- The Wildlife Analysis UnitThe Swedish Environmental Protection AgencyStockholmSweden
| | - Adam D. Miller
- School of Life and Environmental SciencesCentre for Integrative EcologyDeakin UniversityGeelongVicAustralia
- Deakin Genomics CentreDeakin UniversityGeelongVic.Australia
| | | | - Sílvia Pérez‐Espona
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and The Roslin InstituteMidlothianUK
| | - Gernot Segelbacher
- Chair of Wildlife Ecology and ManagementUniversity FreiburgFreiburgGermany
| | - Ester A. Serrão
- CCMARCentre of Marine SciencesFaculty of Sciences and TechnologyUniversity of AlgarveFaroPortugal
| | - Kjersti Sjøtun
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of BergenBergenNorway
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Coleman MA, Veenhof RJ. Reproductive Versatility of Kelps in Changing Oceans. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2021; 57:708-710. [PMID: 34008176 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Melinda A Coleman
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, National Marine Science Centre, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia
- National Marine Science Centre, School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, UWA Oceans Institute, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Reina J Veenhof
- National Marine Science Centre, School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, New South Wales, Australia
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43
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Camus C, Solas M, Martínez C, Vargas J, Garcés C, Gil-Kodaka P, Ladah LB, Serrão EA, Faugeron S. Mates Matter: Gametophyte Kinship Recognition and Inbreeding in the Giant Kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera (Laminariales, Phaeophyceae). JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2021; 57:711-725. [PMID: 33583038 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Inbreeding, the mating between genetically related individuals, often results in reduced survival and fecundity of offspring, relative to outcrossing. Yet, high inbreeding rates are commonly observed in seaweeds, suggesting compensatory reproductive traits may affect the costs and benefits of the mating system. We experimentally manipulated inbreeding levels in controlled crossing experiments, using gametophytes from 19 populations of Macrocystis pyrifera along its Eastern Pacific coastal distribution (EPC). The objective was to investigate the effects of male-female kinship on female fecundity and fertility, to estimate inbreeding depression in the F1 progeny, and to assess the variability of these effects among different regions and habitats of the EPC. Results revealed that the presence and kinship of males had a significant effect on fecundity and fertility of female gametophytes. Females left alone or in the presence of sibling males express the highest gametophyte size, number, and size of oogonia, suggesting they were able to sense the presence and the identity of their mates before gamete contact. The opposite trend was observed for the production of embryos per female gametes, indicating higher costs of selfing and parthenogenesis than outcrossing on fertility. However, the increased fecundity compensated for the reduced fertility, leading to a stable overall reproductive output. Inbreeding also affected morphological traits of juvenile sporophytes, but not their heatwave tolerance. The male-female kinship effect was stronger in high-latitude populations, suggesting that females from low-latitude marginal populations might have evolved to mate with any male gamete to guarantee reproductive success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Camus
- Centro i~mar and CeBiB, Universidad de Los Lagos, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Maribel Solas
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Jaime Vargas
- Centro i~mar, Universidad de Los Lagos, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | | | | | - Lydia B Ladah
- Department of Biological Oceanography, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Ensenada, México
| | | | - Sylvain Faugeron
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- UMI3614 Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Universidad Austral de Chile, Roscoff, France
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Tuya F, Fernández-Torquemada Y, Del Pilar-Ruso Y, Espino F, Manent P, Curbelo L, Otero-Ferrer F, de la Ossa JA, Royo L, Antich L, Castejón I, Máñez-Crespo J, Mateo-Ramírez Á, Procaccini G, Marco-Méndez C, Terrados J, Tomas F. Partitioning resilience of a marine foundation species into resistance and recovery trajectories. Oecologia 2021; 196:515-527. [PMID: 34009470 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-021-04945-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The resilience of an ecological unit encompasses resistance during adverse conditions and the capacity to recover. We adopted a 'resistance-recovery' framework to experimentally partition the resilience of a foundation species (the seagrass Cymodocea nodosa). The shoot abundances of nine seagrass meadows were followed before, during and after simulated light reduction conditions. We determined the significance of ecological, environmental and genetic drivers on seagrass resistance (% of shoots retained during the light deprivation treatments) and recovery (duration from the end of the perturbed state back to initial conditions). To identify whether seagrass recovery was linearly related to prior resistance, we then established the connection between trajectories of resistance and recovery. Finally, we assessed whether recovery patterns were affected by biological drivers (production of sexual products-seeds-and asexual propagation) at the meadow-scale. Resistance to shading significantly increased with the genetic diversity of the meadow and seagrass recovery was conditioned by initial resistance during shading. A threshold in resistance (here, at a ca. 70% of shoot abundances retained during the light deprivation treatments) denoted a critical point that considerably delays seagrass recovery if overpassed. Seed densities, but not rhizome elongation rates, were higher in meadows that exhibited large resistance and quick recovery, which correlated positively with meadow genetic diversity. Our results highlight the critical role of resistance to a disturbance for persistence of a marine foundation species. Estimation of critical trade-offs between seagrass resistance and recovery is a promising field of research to better manage impacts on seagrass meadows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Tuya
- Grupo en Biodiversidad y Conservación, IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017, Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain.
| | | | - Yoana Del Pilar-Ruso
- Departamento de Ciencias del Mar y Biología Aplicada, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Fernando Espino
- Grupo en Biodiversidad y Conservación, IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017, Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Pablo Manent
- Grupo en Biodiversidad y Conservación, IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017, Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Leticia Curbelo
- Grupo en Biodiversidad y Conservación, IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017, Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Francisco Otero-Ferrer
- Grupo en Biodiversidad y Conservación, IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017, Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Jose A de la Ossa
- Departamento de Ciencias del Mar y Biología Aplicada, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Laura Royo
- Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), C/ Miquel Marquès, 21, 07190, Esporles, Islas Baleares, Spain
| | - Laura Antich
- Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), C/ Miquel Marquès, 21, 07190, Esporles, Islas Baleares, Spain
| | - Inés Castejón
- Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), C/ Miquel Marquès, 21, 07190, Esporles, Islas Baleares, Spain
| | - Julia Máñez-Crespo
- Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), C/ Miquel Marquès, 21, 07190, Esporles, Islas Baleares, Spain.,Universidad de Los Lagos, 5480000, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Ángel Mateo-Ramírez
- Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), C/ Miquel Marquès, 21, 07190, Esporles, Islas Baleares, Spain.,GEMAR Group, Centro Oceanográfico de Málaga, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Puerto Pesquero s/n, Apdo. 285, 29640, Fuengirola, Málaga, Spain
| | | | | | - Jorge Terrados
- Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), C/ Miquel Marquès, 21, 07190, Esporles, Islas Baleares, Spain
| | - Fiona Tomas
- Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), C/ Miquel Marquès, 21, 07190, Esporles, Islas Baleares, Spain
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45
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Wood G, Marzinelli EM, Campbell AH, Steinberg PD, Vergés A, Coleman MA. Genomic vulnerability of a dominant seaweed points to future-proofing pathways for Australia's underwater forests. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:2200-2212. [PMID: 33511779 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Globally, critical habitats are in decline, threatening ecological, economic and social values and prompting calls for 'future proofing' efforts that enhance resilience to climate change. Such efforts rely on predicting how neutral and adaptive genomic patterns across a species' distribution will change under future climate scenarios, but data is scant for most species of conservation concern. Here, we use seascape genomics to characterise genetic diversity, structure and gene-environmental associations in a dominant forest-forming seaweed, Phyllospora comosa, along its entire latitudinal (12° latitude), and thermal (~14°C) range. Phyllospora showed high connectivity throughout its central range, with evidence of genetic structure and potential selection associated with sea surface temperatures (SSTs) at its rear and leading edges. Rear and leading-edge populations harboured only half the genetic diversity of central populations. By modelling genetic turnover as a function of SST, we assessed the genomic vulnerability across Phyllospora's distributional range under climate change scenarios. Despite low diversity, range-edge populations were predicted to harbour beneficial adaptations to marginal conditions and overall adaptability of the species may be compromised by their loss. Assisted gene flow from range edge populations may be required to enhance adaptation and increase resilience of central and leading-edge populations under warming oceans. Understanding genomic vulnerability can inform proactive restoration and future-proofing strategies for underwater forests and ensure their persistence in changing oceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina Wood
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ezequiel M Marzinelli
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Alexandra H Campbell
- USC Seaweed Research Group, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast, Qld, Australia
| | - Peter D Steinberg
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Singapore Centre for Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Adriana Vergés
- Centre for Marine Science and Innovation, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Melinda A Coleman
- Department of Primary Industries, National Marine Science Centre, Coffs Harbour, NSW, Australia
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46
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Burnaford JL, Nguyen TVT, Henderson SY, Van Alstyne KL. Linking Physiology To Ecological Function: Environmental Conditions Affect Performance And Size Of The Intertidal Kelp Hedophyllum Sessile (Laminariales, Phaeophyceae). JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2021; 57:128-142. [PMID: 32931614 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
For autogenic ecosystem engineers, body size is an aspect of individual performance that has direct connections to community structure; yet the complex morphology of these species can make it difficult to draw clear connections between the environment and performance. We combined laboratory experiments and field surveys to test the hypothesis that individual body size was determined by disparate localized physiological responses to environmental conditions across the complex thallus of the intertidal kelp Hedophyllum sessile, a canopy-forming physical ecosystem engineer. We documented substantial (> 40%) declines in whole-thallus photosynthetic potential (as Maximum Quantum Yield, MQY) as a consequence of emersion, which were related to greater than 10-fold increases in intra-thallus MQY variability (as Coefficient of Variation). In laboratory experiments, desiccation and high light levels during emersion led to lasting impairment of photosynthetic potential and an immediate > 25% reduction in area due to tissue contraction, which was followed by complete loss of structural integrity after three days of submersion. Tissue exposed to desiccation and high light during emersion had higher nitrogen concentrations and lower phlorotannin concentrations than tissue in control treatments (on average 1.36 and 0.1x controls, respectively), suggesting that conditions during emersion have the potential to affect food quality for consumers. Our data indicate that the complex thallus morphology of H. sessile may be critical to this kelp's ability to persist in the intertidal zone despite the physiological challenges of emersion and encourage a more nuanced view of the concept of "sub-lethal stress" on the scale of the whole individual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Burnaford
- Department of Biological Science, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California, USA, 92834
| | - Tuong-Vy T Nguyen
- Department of Biological Science, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, California, USA, 92834
| | | | - Kathryn L Van Alstyne
- Shannon Point Marine Center, Western Washington University, Anacortes, Washington, 98221, USA
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Guzinski J, Ruggeri P, Ballenghien M, Mauger S, Jacquemin B, Jollivet C, Coudret J, Jaugeon L, Destombe C, Valero M. Seascape Genomics of the Sugar Kelp Saccharina latissima along the North Eastern Atlantic Latitudinal Gradient. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E1503. [PMID: 33322137 PMCID: PMC7763533 DOI: 10.3390/genes11121503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Temperature is one of the most important range-limiting factors for many seaweeds. Driven by the recent climatic changes, rapid northward shifts of species' distribution ranges can potentially modify the phylogeographic signature of Last Glacial Maximum. We explored this question in detail in the cold-tolerant kelp species Saccharina latissima, using microsatellites and double digest restriction site-associated DNA sequencing ( ddRAD-seq) derived single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to analyze the genetic diversity and structure in 11 sites spanning the entire European Atlantic latitudinal range of this species. In addition, we checked for statistical correlation between genetic marker allele frequencies and three environmental proxies (sea surface temperature, salinity, and water turbidity). Our findings revealed that genetic diversity was significantly higher for the northernmost locality (Spitsbergen) compared to the southern ones (Northern Iberia), which we discuss in light of the current state of knowledge on phylogeography of S. latissima and the potential influence of the recent climatic changes on the population structure of this species. Seven SNPs and 12 microsatellite alleles were found to be significantly associated with at least one of the three environmental variables. We speculate on the putative adaptive functions of the genes associated with the outlier markers and the importance of these markers for successful conservation and aquaculture strategies for S. latissima in this age of rapid global change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaromir Guzinski
- UMI EBEA 3614, Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UC, UACH, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Place Georges Teissier, 29688 Roscoff CEDEX, France; (J.G.); (P.R.); (M.B.); (S.M.); (B.J.); (C.J.); (J.C.); (L.J.); (C.D.)
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone KT15 3NB, Surrey, UK
| | - Paolo Ruggeri
- UMI EBEA 3614, Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UC, UACH, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Place Georges Teissier, 29688 Roscoff CEDEX, France; (J.G.); (P.R.); (M.B.); (S.M.); (B.J.); (C.J.); (J.C.); (L.J.); (C.D.)
- Xelect ltd, Horizon House, Abbey Walk, St Andrews KY16 9LB, Scotland, UK
| | - Marion Ballenghien
- UMI EBEA 3614, Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UC, UACH, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Place Georges Teissier, 29688 Roscoff CEDEX, France; (J.G.); (P.R.); (M.B.); (S.M.); (B.J.); (C.J.); (J.C.); (L.J.); (C.D.)
- UMR 7144, Adaptation et Diversité en Milieu Marin, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Place Georges Teissier, 29688 Roscoff CEDEX, France
| | - Stephane Mauger
- UMI EBEA 3614, Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UC, UACH, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Place Georges Teissier, 29688 Roscoff CEDEX, France; (J.G.); (P.R.); (M.B.); (S.M.); (B.J.); (C.J.); (J.C.); (L.J.); (C.D.)
| | - Bertrand Jacquemin
- UMI EBEA 3614, Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UC, UACH, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Place Georges Teissier, 29688 Roscoff CEDEX, France; (J.G.); (P.R.); (M.B.); (S.M.); (B.J.); (C.J.); (J.C.); (L.J.); (C.D.)
- CEVA, 83 Presqu’île de Pen Lan, 22610 Pleubian, France
| | - Chloe Jollivet
- UMI EBEA 3614, Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UC, UACH, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Place Georges Teissier, 29688 Roscoff CEDEX, France; (J.G.); (P.R.); (M.B.); (S.M.); (B.J.); (C.J.); (J.C.); (L.J.); (C.D.)
- Ecole polytechnique de Lausanne (EPFL), SV-IBI UPOATES, Route cantonale, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jerome Coudret
- UMI EBEA 3614, Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UC, UACH, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Place Georges Teissier, 29688 Roscoff CEDEX, France; (J.G.); (P.R.); (M.B.); (S.M.); (B.J.); (C.J.); (J.C.); (L.J.); (C.D.)
| | - Lucie Jaugeon
- UMI EBEA 3614, Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UC, UACH, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Place Georges Teissier, 29688 Roscoff CEDEX, France; (J.G.); (P.R.); (M.B.); (S.M.); (B.J.); (C.J.); (J.C.); (L.J.); (C.D.)
| | - Christophe Destombe
- UMI EBEA 3614, Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UC, UACH, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Place Georges Teissier, 29688 Roscoff CEDEX, France; (J.G.); (P.R.); (M.B.); (S.M.); (B.J.); (C.J.); (J.C.); (L.J.); (C.D.)
| | - Myriam Valero
- UMI EBEA 3614, Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, UC, UACH, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Place Georges Teissier, 29688 Roscoff CEDEX, France; (J.G.); (P.R.); (M.B.); (S.M.); (B.J.); (C.J.); (J.C.); (L.J.); (C.D.)
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Máñez-Crespo J, Tuya F, Fernández-Torquemada Y, Royo L, Pilar-Ruso YD, Espino F, Manent P, Antich L, Castejón-Silvo I, Curbelo L, de la Ossa JA, Hernan G, Mateo-Ramírez Á, Pereda-Briones L, Jiménez-Ramos R, Egea LG, Procaccini G, Terrados J, Tomas F. Seagrass Cymodocea nodosa across biogeographical regions and times: Differences in abundance, meadow structure and sexual reproduction. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 162:105159. [PMID: 32992225 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.105159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Seagrasses are key habitat-forming species of coastal areas. While previous research has demonstrated considerable small-scale variation in seagrass abundance and structure, studies teasing apart local from large-scale variation are scarce. We determined how different biogeographic scenarios, under varying environmental and genetic variation, explained variation in the abundance and structure (morphology and biomass allocation), epiphytes and sexual reproduction intensity of the seagrass Cymodocea nodosa. Regional and local-scale variation, including their temporal variability, contributed to differentially explain variation in seagrass attributes. Structural, in particular morphological, attributes of the seagrass leaf canopy, most evidenced regional seasonal variation. Allocation to belowground tissues was, however, mainly driven by local-scale variation. High seed densities were observed in meadows of large genetic diversity, indicative of sexual success, which likely resulted from the different evolutionary histories undergone by the seagrass at each region. Our results highlight that phenotypic plasticity to local and regional environments need to be considered to better manage and preserve seagrass meadows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Máñez-Crespo
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias, Mención Conservación y Manejo de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Los Lagos, Camino Chinquihue Km 6, Puerto Montt, Chile; Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), C/ Miquel Marquès, 21 - 07190, Esporles, Islas Baleares, Spain.
| | - Fernando Tuya
- Grupo en Biodiversidad y Conservación, IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, 35017, Canary Islands, Spain
| | | | - Laura Royo
- Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), C/ Miquel Marquès, 21 - 07190, Esporles, Islas Baleares, Spain
| | - Yoana Del Pilar-Ruso
- Departamento de Ciencias Del Mar y Biología Aplicada, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Fernando Espino
- Grupo en Biodiversidad y Conservación, IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, 35017, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Pablo Manent
- Grupo en Biodiversidad y Conservación, IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, 35017, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Laura Antich
- Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), C/ Miquel Marquès, 21 - 07190, Esporles, Islas Baleares, Spain
| | - Inés Castejón-Silvo
- Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), C/ Miquel Marquès, 21 - 07190, Esporles, Islas Baleares, Spain
| | - L Curbelo
- Grupo en Biodiversidad y Conservación, IU-ECOAQUA, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, 35017, Canary Islands, Spain
| | - José A de la Ossa
- Departamento de Ciencias Del Mar y Biología Aplicada, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Gema Hernan
- Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), C/ Miquel Marquès, 21 - 07190, Esporles, Islas Baleares, Spain; Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, 319 Stadium Dr, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Ángel Mateo-Ramírez
- Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), C/ Miquel Marquès, 21 - 07190, Esporles, Islas Baleares, Spain; Centro Oceanográfico de Málaga, Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Puerto Pesquero, S/n, Fuengirola, Málaga, 9640, Spain
| | - Laura Pereda-Briones
- Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), C/ Miquel Marquès, 21 - 07190, Esporles, Islas Baleares, Spain
| | - Rocío Jiménez-Ramos
- Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), C/ Miquel Marquès, 21 - 07190, Esporles, Islas Baleares, Spain
| | - Luis G Egea
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Cadiz, International Campus of Excellence of the Sea (CEIMAR), 11510, Puerto Real (Cádiz), Spain
| | | | - Jorge Terrados
- Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), C/ Miquel Marquès, 21 - 07190, Esporles, Islas Baleares, Spain
| | - Fiona Tomas
- Instituto Mediterráneo de Estudios Avanzados, IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB), C/ Miquel Marquès, 21 - 07190, Esporles, Islas Baleares, Spain; Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
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Liesner D, Fouqueau L, Valero M, Roleda MY, Pearson GA, Bischof K, Valentin K, Bartsch I. Heat stress responses and population genetics of the kelp Laminaria digitata (Phaeophyceae) across latitudes reveal differentiation among North Atlantic populations. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:9144-9177. [PMID: 32953052 PMCID: PMC7487260 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
To understand the thermal plasticity of a coastal foundation species across its latitudinal distribution, we assess physiological responses to high temperature stress in the kelp Laminaria digitata in combination with population genetic characteristics and relate heat resilience to genetic features and phylogeography. We hypothesize that populations from Arctic and cold-temperate locations are less heat resilient than populations from warm distributional edges. Using meristems of natural L. digitata populations from six locations ranging between Kongsfjorden, Spitsbergen (79°N), and Quiberon, France (47°N), we performed a common-garden heat stress experiment applying 15°C to 23°C over eight days. We assessed growth, photosynthetic quantum yield, carbon and nitrogen storage, and xanthophyll pigment contents as response traits. Population connectivity and genetic diversity were analyzed with microsatellite markers. Results from the heat stress experiment suggest that the upper temperature limit of L. digitata is nearly identical across its distribution range, but subtle differences in growth and stress responses were revealed for three populations from the species' ecological range margins. Two populations at the species' warm distribution limit showed higher temperature tolerance compared to other populations in growth at 19°C and recovery from 21°C (Quiberon, France), and photosynthetic quantum yield and xanthophyll pigment responses at 23°C (Helgoland, Germany). In L. digitata from the northernmost population (Spitsbergen, Norway), quantum yield indicated the highest heat sensitivity. Microsatellite genotyping revealed all sampled populations to be genetically distinct, with a strong hierarchical structure between southern and northern clades. Genetic diversity was lowest in the isolated population of the North Sea island of Helgoland and highest in Roscoff in the English Channel. All together, these results support the hypothesis of moderate local differentiation across L. digitata's European distribution, whereas effects are likely too weak to ameliorate the species' capacity to withstand ocean warming and marine heatwaves at the southern range edge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Liesner
- Alfred Wegener InstituteHelmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine ResearchBremerhavenGermany
| | - Louise Fouqueau
- UMI EBEA 3614, Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae, CNRSSorbonne Université, UC, UACH, Station Biologique de RoscoffRoscoff CedexFrance
| | - Myriam Valero
- UMI EBEA 3614, Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of Algae, CNRSSorbonne Université, UC, UACH, Station Biologique de RoscoffRoscoff CedexFrance
| | - Michael Y. Roleda
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy ResearchBodøNorway
- The Marine Science Institute, College of ScienceUniversity of the Philippines, DilimanQuezon CityPhilippines
| | | | - Kai Bischof
- Marine BotanyUniversity of BremenBremenGermany
| | - Klaus Valentin
- Alfred Wegener InstituteHelmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine ResearchBremerhavenGermany
| | - Inka Bartsch
- Alfred Wegener InstituteHelmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine ResearchBremerhavenGermany
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50
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Scanes E, Parker LM, O'Connor WA, Dove MC, Ross PM. Heatwaves alter survival of the Sydney rock oyster, Saccostrea glomerata. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 158:111389. [PMID: 32568086 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Heatwaves are an increasing threat to organisms across the globe. Marine and atmospheric heatwaves are predicted to impact sessile intertidal marine organisms, especially when exposed at low tide and unable to seek refuge. The study aimed to determine whether a simulated atmospheric heatwave will alter the survival of selectively bred families of Sydney rock oysters (Saccostrea glomerata), and whether survival is dependent on morphological and physiological traits. The survival of S. glomerata families to a simulated atmospheric heatwave varied from 25 to 60% and was not correlated with morphology or physiology. Survival may depend on the presence of genotypes that translate into molecular defenses such as heat-shock proteins and inhibitor of apoptosis proteins that provide oysters with resilience. Understanding the responses among families of oysters to heatwaves is critical if we are to restore the ecological services of oyster reefs and sustain oyster aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot Scanes
- The University of Sydney, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006, Australia; Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman 2088, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Laura M Parker
- The University of Sydney, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006, Australia; The University of New South Wales, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Kensington, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Wayne A O'Connor
- New South Wales Department of Planning, Industry and Environment, Port Stephens Fisheries Institute, Taylors Beach, New South Wales 2316, Australia
| | - Michael C Dove
- New South Wales Department of Planning, Industry and Environment, Port Stephens Fisheries Institute, Taylors Beach, New South Wales 2316, Australia
| | - Pauline M Ross
- The University of Sydney, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Camperdown, New South Wales 2006, Australia; Sydney Institute of Marine Science, Mosman 2088, New South Wales, Australia
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