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Kathuria I, Singla B. Anti-tumor efficacy of Calculus bovis: Suppressing liver cancer by targeting tumor-associated macrophages. World J Gastroenterol 2024; 30:4249-4253. [DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i38.4249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2024] [Revised: 09/10/2024] [Accepted: 09/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite significant advances in our understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of liver cancer and the availability of novel pharmacotherapies, liver cancer remains the fourth leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Tumor relapse, resistance to current anti-cancer drugs, metastasis, and organ toxicity are the major challenges that prevent considerable improvements in patient survival and quality of life. Calculus bovis (CB), an ancient Chinese medicinal drug, has been used to treat various pathologies, including stroke, convulsion, epilepsy, pain, and cancer. In this editorial, we discuss the research findings recently published by Huang et al on the therapeutic effects of CB in inhibiting the development of liver cancer. Utilizing the comprehensive transcriptomic analyses, in vitro experiments, and in vivo studies, the authors demonstrated that CB treatment inhibits the tumor-promoting M2 phenotype of tumor-associated macrophages via downregulating Wnt pathway. While multiple studies have been performed to explore the molecular mechanisms regulated by CB, this study uniquely shows its role in modulating the M2 phenotype of macrophages present within the tumor microenvironment. This study opens new avenues of future investigations aimed at investigating this drug’s efficacy in various mouse models including the effects of combination therapy, and against drug-resistant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishita Kathuria
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, United States
| | - Bhupesh Singla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38103, United States
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2
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Liu Q, Wu X, Liu C, Wang N, Yin F, Wu H, Cao S, Zhao W, Wu H, Zhou A. Metabolomic and biochemical changes in the plasma and liver of toxic milk mice model of Wilson disease. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 246:116255. [PMID: 38795427 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Wilson disease (WD) is an inherited disorder characterized by abnormal copper metabolism with complex pathological features. Currently, this mechanism of copper overload-induced hepatic injury remains unclear. In this study, male toxic milk (TX) mice were selected as experimental subjects. Copper levels and biochemical indices were measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and kits. Liver tissue ultrastructure was observed by hematoxylin-eosin (H&E), sirius red staining and transmission electron microscopy. Plasma and liver metabolic profiles of TX mice were characterized by untargeted metabolomics. In addition, the expression of enzymes related to arachidonic acid metabolism in liver tissue was detected by Western blotting. The results showed the excessive copper content, concomitant oxidative stress, and hepatic tissue structural damage in TX mice. Seventy-eight metabolites were significantly different in WD, mainly involved in the metabolism of arachidonic acid, glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, niacin and nicotinamide, and phenylalanine. Furthermore, the arachidonic acid metabolic pathway is an important pathway involved in WD metabolism. The level of arachidonic acid in the liver of TX mice was significantly lower (p < 0.01) compared to the control group. The expression of cytoplasmic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) and arachidonic acid 12-lipoxygenase (ALOX12), related to the arachidonic acid metabolic pathway, was significantly different in the liver of TX mice (p < 0.01). Modulation of the arachidonic acid metabolic pathway could be a potential therapeutic strategy to alleviate WD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Cuicui Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Ni Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Fengxia Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Huan Wu
- The Experimental Research Center, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Chinese Medicine, Functional Activity and Resource Utilization on Edible and Medicinal Fungi Joint Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei 230038, China
| | - Shijian Cao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230031, China
| | - Wenchen Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh 15219, USA
| | - Hongfei Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Chinese Medicine, Functional Activity and Resource Utilization on Edible and Medicinal Fungi Joint Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei 230038, China.
| | - An Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230038, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Chinese Medicine, Functional Activity and Resource Utilization on Edible and Medicinal Fungi Joint Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei 230038, China.
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Peña-Vázquez GI, Arredondo-Arenillas A, Serrano-Sandoval SN, Antunes-Ricardo M. Functional foods lipids: unraveling their role in the immune response in obesity. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-22. [PMID: 39073763 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2382942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Functional lipids are lipids that are found in food matrices and play an important role in influencing human health as their role goes beyond energy storage and structural components. Ongoing research into functional lipids has highlighted their potential to modulate immune responses and other mechanisms associated with obesity, along with its comorbidities. These lipids represent a new field that may offer new therapeutic and preventive strategies for these diseases by understanding their contribution to health. In this review, we discussed in-depth the potential food sources of functional lipids and their reported potential benefit of the major lipid classification: based on their composition such as simple, compound, and derived lipids, and based on their function such as storage and structural, by investigating the intricate mechanisms through which these lipids interact in the human body. We summarize the key insights into the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of the most studied functional lipids. Furthermore, we review the main immunomodulatory mechanisms reported in the literature in the past years. Finally, we discuss the perspectives and challenges faced in the food industry related to functional lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Itzel Peña-Vázquez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Centro de Biotecnología FEMSA, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Monterrey, NL, México
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute for Obesity Research, Monterrey, Monterrey, NL, México
| | - Ana Arredondo-Arenillas
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Centro de Biotecnología FEMSA, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Monterrey, NL, México
| | - Sayra N Serrano-Sandoval
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Centro de Biotecnología FEMSA, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Monterrey, NL, México
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute for Obesity Research, Monterrey, Monterrey, NL, México
| | - Marilena Antunes-Ricardo
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Centro de Biotecnología FEMSA, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Monterrey, NL, México
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Institute for Obesity Research, Monterrey, Monterrey, NL, México
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4
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Vanzan DF, Goma EP, Locatelli FR, Honorio TDS, Furtado PDS, Rodrigues CR, de Sousa VP, Mata dos Santos HA, do Carmo FA, Simon A, Pyrrho ADS, Ribeiro AJ, Cabral LM. Evaluation of Silybin Nanoparticles against Liver Damage in Murine Schistosomiasis mansoni Infection. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:618. [PMID: 38794280 PMCID: PMC11125168 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16050618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Silybin (SIB) is a hepatoprotective drug known for its poor oral bioavailability, attributed to its classification as a class IV drug with significant metabolism during the first-pass effect. This study explored the potential of solid lipid nanoparticles with (SLN-SIB-U) or without (SLN-SIB) ursodeoxycholic acid and polymeric nanoparticles (PN-SIB) as delivery systems for SIB. The efficacy of these nanosystems was assessed through in vitro studies using the GRX and Caco-2 cell lines for permeability and proliferation assays, respectively, as well as in vivo experiments employing a murine model of Schistosomiasis mansoni infection in BALB/c mice. The mean diameter and encapsulation efficiency of the nanosystems were as follows: SLN-SIB (252.8 ± 4.4 nm, 90.28 ± 2.2%), SLN-SIB-U (252.9 ± 14.4 nm, 77.05 ± 2.8%), and PN-SIB (241.8 ± 4.1 nm, 98.0 ± 0.2%). In the proliferation assay with the GRX cell line, SLN-SIB and SLN-SIB-U exhibited inhibitory effects of 43.09 ± 5.74% and 38.78 ± 3.78%, respectively, compared to PN-SIB, which showed no inhibitory effect. Moreover, SLN-SIB-U demonstrated a greater apparent permeability coefficient (25.82 ± 2.2) than PN-SIB (20.76 ± 0.1), which was twice as high as that of SLN-SIB (11.32 ± 4.6) and pure SIB (11.28 ± 0.2). These findings suggest that solid lipid nanosystems hold promise for further in vivo investigations. In the murine model of acute-phase Schistosomiasis mansoni infection, both SLN-SIB and SLN-SIB-U displayed hepatoprotective effects, as evidenced by lower alanine amino transferase values (22.89 ± 1.6 and 23.93 ± 2.4 U/L, respectively) than those in control groups I (29.55 ± 0.7 U/L) and I+SIB (34.29 ± 0.3 U/L). Among the prepared nanosystems, SLN-SIB-U emerges as a promising candidate for enhancing the pharmacokinetic properties of SIB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Figueiredo Vanzan
- Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (D.F.V.); (F.A.d.C.)
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Ester Puna Goma
- Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (D.F.V.); (F.A.d.C.)
| | - Fernanda Resende Locatelli
- Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (D.F.V.); (F.A.d.C.)
| | - Thiago da Silva Honorio
- Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (D.F.V.); (F.A.d.C.)
| | - Priscila de Souza Furtado
- Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (D.F.V.); (F.A.d.C.)
| | - Carlos Rangel Rodrigues
- Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (D.F.V.); (F.A.d.C.)
| | - Valeria Pereira de Sousa
- Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (D.F.V.); (F.A.d.C.)
| | - Hilton Antônio Mata dos Santos
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Flávia Almada do Carmo
- Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (D.F.V.); (F.A.d.C.)
| | - Alice Simon
- Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (D.F.V.); (F.A.d.C.)
| | - Alexandre dos Santos Pyrrho
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
| | - António José Ribeiro
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Group Genetics of Cognitive Dysfunction, I3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Lucio Mendes Cabral
- Department of Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (D.F.V.); (F.A.d.C.)
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Mao Q, Lin B, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Cao Q, Xu M. Understanding the role of ursodeoxycholic acid and gut microbiome in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: current evidence and perspectives. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1371574. [PMID: 38576492 PMCID: PMC10991717 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1371574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease, resulting in a huge medical burden worldwide. Accumulating evidence suggests that the gut microbiome and bile acids play pivotal roles during the development of NAFLD. Patients with NAFLD exhibit unique signatures of the intestinal microbiome marked by the priority of Gram-negative bacteria, decreased ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B), and increased Prevotella and Lachnospiraceae. The intestinal microbiota is involved in the metabolism of bile acids. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is a key determinant in maintaining the dynamic communication between the host and gut microbiota. It generally shows surprising therapeutic potential in NAFLD with several mechanisms, such as improving cellular autophagy, apoptosis, and mitochondrial functions. This action is based on its direct or indirect effect, targeting the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and various other nuclear receptors. This review aims to discuss the current studies on the involvement of the microbiome-UDCA interface in NAFLD therapy and provide prospective insights into future preventative and therapeutic approaches for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyi Mao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Beibei Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenluo Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qian Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengque Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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6
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Le Cosquer G, Vergnolle N, Motta JP. Gut microb-aging and its relevance to frailty aging. Microbes Infect 2024; 26:105309. [PMID: 38316374 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2024.105309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
This review explores 'microb-aging' in the gut and its potential link to frailty aging. We explore this connection through alterations in microbiota's taxonomy and metabolism, as well as with concepts of ecological resilience, pathobionts emergence, and biogeography. We examine microb-aging in interconnected body organs, emphasizing the bidirectional relationship with 'inflammaging'. Finally, we discuss how targeting microb-aging could improve screening, diagnostic, and therapeutic approaches in geriatrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Le Cosquer
- Institute of Digestive Health Research, IRSD, Toulouse University, INSERM U1220, INRAe, ENVT, UPS, 31300 Toulouse, France; Department of Gastroenterology and Pancreatology, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse Paul Sabatier University, 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Vergnolle
- Institute of Digestive Health Research, IRSD, Toulouse University, INSERM U1220, INRAe, ENVT, UPS, 31300 Toulouse, France; Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jean-Paul Motta
- Institute of Digestive Health Research, IRSD, Toulouse University, INSERM U1220, INRAe, ENVT, UPS, 31300 Toulouse, France.
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Bessone F, Hillotte GL, Ahumada N, Jaureguizahar F, Medeot AC, Roma MG. UDCA for Drug-Induced Liver Disease: Clinical and Pathophysiological Basis. Semin Liver Dis 2024; 44:1-22. [PMID: 38378025 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1779520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is an adverse reaction to medications and other xenobiotics that leads to liver dysfunction. Based on differential clinical patterns of injury, DILI is classified into hepatocellular, cholestatic, and mixed types; although hepatocellular DILI is associated with inflammation, necrosis, and apoptosis, cholestatic DILI is associated with bile plugs and bile duct paucity. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) has been empirically used as a supportive drug mainly in cholestatic DILI, but both curative and prophylactic beneficial effects have been observed for hepatocellular DILI as well, according to preliminary clinical studies. This could reflect the fact that UDCA has a plethora of beneficial effects potentially useful to treat the wide range of injuries with different etiologies and pathomechanisms occurring in both types of DILI, including anticholestatic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, antinecrotic, mitoprotective, endoplasmic reticulum stress alleviating, and immunomodulatory properties. In this review, a revision of the literature has been performed to evaluate the efficacy of UDCA across the whole DILI spectrum, and these findings were associated with the multiple mechanisms of UDCA hepatoprotection. This should help better rationalize and systematize the use of this versatile and safe hepatoprotector in each type of DILI scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Bessone
- Hospital Provincial del Centenario, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Servicio de Gastroenterología y Hepatología, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Geraldine L Hillotte
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (IFISE-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Natalia Ahumada
- Hospital Provincial del Centenario, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Servicio de Gastroenterología y Hepatología, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Fernanda Jaureguizahar
- Hospital Provincial del Centenario, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Servicio de Gastroenterología y Hepatología, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
| | | | - Marcelo G Roma
- Instituto de Fisiología Experimental (IFISE-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
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Dai S, Zhou S, Ju Y, Yao W, Tang Y, Zheng J, Ma S, Zhang Y, Zhang L. Synergistic effect of Euphorbia kansui stir-fried with vinegar and bile acids on malignant ascites effusion through modulation of gut microbiota. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1249910. [PMID: 38026948 PMCID: PMC10665909 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1249910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Toxic Euphorbia kansui (EK) is employed to treat malignant ascites effusion (MAE). EK stir-fried with vinegar (VEK) has been demonstrated to reduce toxicity due to its preserved water-expelling effect. This was demonstrated to be correlated with gut microbiota. Therein, bile acids (BAs) have a bidirectional relationship with the gut microbiota. Therefore, the aim of this study is to explore whether BA-mediated gut microbiota influences the water-expelling effect of VEK against MAE. Methods: The MAE rat model was established by intraperitoneal injection of Walker-256 tumor cells. A reliable simultaneous method for the determination of 15 bile acids in rat feces using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was established and applied to analyze the fecal BAs in rats treated with VEK. The screened BA was then administered to VEK-treated MAE rats. The water-expelling effect was evaluated using histopathological analysis, biochemical examination, inflammatory factors in ascites, urine volume, ascites amount, and intestinal aquaporin expression. The microbial composition was determined using 16S rRNA sequencing, and the contents of bile acids were finally measured. Results: VEK decreased the content of fecal deoxycholic acid (DCA), lithocholic acid (LCA), and taurocholic acid (TCA) while increasing the content of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA). VEK alleviated liver, stomach, and intestinal injuries; oxidative damage; and inflammation, which were further ameliorated with UDCA intervention. VEK alleviated MAE by increasing the fecal water content, urine volume, and AQP3 protein expression and decreasing the urine levels of Na+, K+, and Cl-. This was retained with the intervention of UDCA. UDCA and VEK regulated the BA metabolism disorder to a certain extent. Analysis of gut microbiota showed that VEK increased the abundance of Lactobacillus and decreased that of Prevotella_9 in MAE rats. The combined administration of UDCA and VEK showed a better modulation of the microbiota structure than that of VEK alone, and the effect of this administration reached closer to the reference state. Conclusion: The water-expelling effect of VEK did not directly depend on the BA-mediated gut microbiota. However, VEK and BAs had a synergistic effect on malignant ascites effusion through the regulation of the gut microbiota. These results provided a scientific basis for the reasonable usage of VEK and the novel combination treatment strategy of VEK and UDCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyun Dai
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institute for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Shikang Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine and Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yonghui Ju
- School of Medicine and Chemical Materials, Zhenjiang College, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Weifeng Yao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine and Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuping Tang
- College of Pharmacy and Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi’an, China
| | - Jian Zheng
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institute for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Shuangcheng Ma
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institute for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine and Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine and Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Qi Z, Qi X, Xu Y, Sun H, Li D, Liu J, Cong M, Liu T. Alterations in the "Gut-Liver Axis" on Rats with Immunological Hepatic Fibrosis. J Immunol Res 2023; 2023:5577850. [PMID: 37781475 PMCID: PMC10539088 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5577850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
There remains a lack of standard models that have all the characteristics of human diseases. Especially in immunological hepatic fibrosis, the bovine serum albumin (BSA)-induced liver fibrosis models have the same developmental mechanisms as human liver fibrosis models, but have received little attention. We standardized a BSA-induced liver fibrosis model in rats and thoroughly assessed its pathological characteristics. We also used 16S sequencing to assess homeostasis of the intestinal microflora of rats with BSA-induced liver fibrosis and detected various differential metabolites in the serum of these rats using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). We observed stable and unambiguous histological changes in liver tissue morphology and remarkably high concentrations of inflammatory markers in the serum of BSA-induced liver fibrosis rats. In keeping with the fact that BSA induction can cause gut microbiota disorders in rats. UHPLC-MS/MS analysis of rat serum samples in positive-ion mode and negative-ion mode revealed 17 and 25 differential metabolites, respectively. Network analysis revealed that phenylalanine or tyrosine metabolites (e.g., PAGln) were the predominant metabolites in the sera of BSA-induced liver fibrosis rats. Taken together, our results suggest that disorders of amino acid metabolism caused by the gut microbiota may play an important role in the progression of immunological hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoyao Qi
- School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, No. 393 Xinyi Road, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Xinxin Qi
- School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, No. 393 Xinyi Road, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Yuanhui Xu
- School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, No. 393 Xinyi Road, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Hongguang Sun
- School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, No. 393 Xinyi Road, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Dengfeng Li
- School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, No. 393 Xinyi Road, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Jincun Liu
- School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, No. 393 Xinyi Road, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Meili Cong
- School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, No. 393 Xinyi Road, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Tao Liu
- School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical University, No. 393 Xinyi Road, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China
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10
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Kishi K, Kuwatani M, Ohnishi Y, Kumaki Y, Kumeta H, Hirata H, Takishin Y, Furukawa R, Nagai K, Yonemura H, Nozawa S, Sugiura R, Kawakubo K, Aizawa T, Sakamoto N. Metabolomics of Duodenal Juice for Biliary Tract Cancer Diagnosis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4370. [PMID: 37686644 PMCID: PMC10486759 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15174370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The poor prognosis of malignant biliary diseases is partially caused by their difficult early diagnosis. Therefore, many patients are only diagnosed at advanced stages. This study aimed to improve diagnosis by clarifying the differences in the duodenal juice metabolomes of benign and malignant biliary diseases. From October 2021 to January 2023, duodenal juice was obtained from 67 patients with suspected biliary diseases who required endoscopic ultrasonography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiography for diagnosis/treatment. The samples metabolomes were analyzed via nuclear magnet resonance spectroscopy using an 800-MHz spectrometer. Metabolomes of malignant and benign diseases were then compared, and multivariate analysis was performed to determine the relevant factors for malignancy/benignancy. For benignancy, no significant predictors were observed. For malignancy, acetone was a significant predictor, with higher concentrations in the malignant group than in the benign group. Regarding the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis for biliary tract carcinoma diagnosis, the predictive value of acetone in duodenal juice was comparable with serum CA19-9 levels (area under the curve: 0.7330 vs. 0.691, p = 0.697). In conclusion, duodenal juice metabolomics is a feasible method that is available for differential diagnosis in the biliary disease field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Kishi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, North 15, West 7, Sapporo 060-8648, Hokkaido, Japan; (K.K.); (H.H.); (Y.T.); (R.F.); (K.N.); (H.Y.); (S.N.); (R.S.); (K.K.); (N.S.)
| | - Masaki Kuwatani
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, North 15, West 7, Sapporo 060-8648, Hokkaido, Japan; (K.K.); (H.H.); (Y.T.); (R.F.); (K.N.); (H.Y.); (S.N.); (R.S.); (K.K.); (N.S.)
| | - Yuki Ohnishi
- Department of Advanced Transdisciplinary Science, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Hokkaido, Japan; (Y.O.); (Y.K.); (H.K.); (T.A.)
| | - Yasuhiro Kumaki
- Department of Advanced Transdisciplinary Science, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Hokkaido, Japan; (Y.O.); (Y.K.); (H.K.); (T.A.)
| | - Hiroyuki Kumeta
- Department of Advanced Transdisciplinary Science, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Hokkaido, Japan; (Y.O.); (Y.K.); (H.K.); (T.A.)
| | - Hajime Hirata
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, North 15, West 7, Sapporo 060-8648, Hokkaido, Japan; (K.K.); (H.H.); (Y.T.); (R.F.); (K.N.); (H.Y.); (S.N.); (R.S.); (K.K.); (N.S.)
| | - Yunosuke Takishin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, North 15, West 7, Sapporo 060-8648, Hokkaido, Japan; (K.K.); (H.H.); (Y.T.); (R.F.); (K.N.); (H.Y.); (S.N.); (R.S.); (K.K.); (N.S.)
| | - Ryutaro Furukawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, North 15, West 7, Sapporo 060-8648, Hokkaido, Japan; (K.K.); (H.H.); (Y.T.); (R.F.); (K.N.); (H.Y.); (S.N.); (R.S.); (K.K.); (N.S.)
| | - Kosuke Nagai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, North 15, West 7, Sapporo 060-8648, Hokkaido, Japan; (K.K.); (H.H.); (Y.T.); (R.F.); (K.N.); (H.Y.); (S.N.); (R.S.); (K.K.); (N.S.)
| | - Hiroki Yonemura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, North 15, West 7, Sapporo 060-8648, Hokkaido, Japan; (K.K.); (H.H.); (Y.T.); (R.F.); (K.N.); (H.Y.); (S.N.); (R.S.); (K.K.); (N.S.)
| | - Shunichiro Nozawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, North 15, West 7, Sapporo 060-8648, Hokkaido, Japan; (K.K.); (H.H.); (Y.T.); (R.F.); (K.N.); (H.Y.); (S.N.); (R.S.); (K.K.); (N.S.)
| | - Ryo Sugiura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, North 15, West 7, Sapporo 060-8648, Hokkaido, Japan; (K.K.); (H.H.); (Y.T.); (R.F.); (K.N.); (H.Y.); (S.N.); (R.S.); (K.K.); (N.S.)
| | - Kazumichi Kawakubo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, North 15, West 7, Sapporo 060-8648, Hokkaido, Japan; (K.K.); (H.H.); (Y.T.); (R.F.); (K.N.); (H.Y.); (S.N.); (R.S.); (K.K.); (N.S.)
| | - Tomoyasu Aizawa
- Department of Advanced Transdisciplinary Science, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Hokkaido, Japan; (Y.O.); (Y.K.); (H.K.); (T.A.)
| | - Naoya Sakamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hokkaido University Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, North 15, West 7, Sapporo 060-8648, Hokkaido, Japan; (K.K.); (H.H.); (Y.T.); (R.F.); (K.N.); (H.Y.); (S.N.); (R.S.); (K.K.); (N.S.)
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11
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Li XY, Meng L, Shen L, Ji HF. Regulation of gut microbiota by vitamin C, vitamin E and β-carotene. Food Res Int 2023; 169:112749. [PMID: 37254375 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin C (VC), vitamin E (VE) and β-carotene (βC) are representative dietary antioxidants, which exist in daily diet and can increase the antioxidant capacity of body fluids, cells and tissues. The health benefits of vitamins like VC, VE and βC are widely demonstrated. Given that the strong associations between the gut microbiota and host health or a range of diseases has been extensively reported, it is important to explore the modulatory effects of known vitamins on the gut microbiota. Herein, this article reviews the effects of VC, VE and βC on the gut microbiota. Totally, 19 studies were included, of which eight were related to VC, nine to VE, and six to βC. Overall, VC, VE and βC can provide health benefits to the host by modulating the composition and metabolic activity of the gut microbiota, improving intestinal barrier function and maintaining the normal function of the immune system. Two perspectives are proposed for future studies: i) roles of known antioxidant activity of vitamins in regulating the gut microbiota and its molecular mechanism need to be further studied; ii) causal relationships between the regulatory effects of vitamins on gut microbiota and host health still remains to be further verified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yu Li
- Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Meng
- Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Shen
- Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hong-Fang Ji
- Institute of Biomedical Research, School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, People's Republic of China; School of Life Sciences, Ludong University, Yantai, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Albaugh VL, Axelrod C, Belmont KP, Kirwan JP. Physiology Reconfigured: How Does Bariatric Surgery Lead to Diabetes Remission? Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2023; 52:49-64. [PMID: 36754497 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecl.2022.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bariatric surgery improves glucose homeostasis and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. Over the past 20 years, a breadth of studies has been conducted in humans and rodents aimed to identify the regulatory nodes responsible for surgical remission of type 2 diabetes. The review herein discusses central mechanisms of type 2 diabetes remission associated with weight loss and surgical modification of the gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vance L Albaugh
- Metamor Institute, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA; Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Christopher Axelrod
- Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - Kathryn P Belmont
- Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA
| | - John P Kirwan
- Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA.
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13
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Abstract
Autoimmune liver diseases (AILD) are a group of immune-mediated liver inflammatory diseases with three major forms including autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Interaction of both genetic and environmental factors leads to the breakdown of self-tolerance, hence resulting in hyper-responsive of autoantibodies and aggressive autoreactive immune cells. Genetic studies have identified dozens of risk loci associated with initiation and development of AILD. However, the role of exogenous factors remains unclear. Recently, both infectious and inflammatory diseases have been associated with microbiota, which colonizes multiple mucosal surfaces and participates in human physiological process and function in immune system, particularly influencing liver, and biliary system via gut-liver axis. Emerging evidence on the role of gut microbiota has expanded our knowledge of AILD in both pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets, along with putative diagnosis biomarkers. Herein we review the relationship between host and gut microbiota, discuss their potential roles in disease onset and progression, and summarize the compositional and functional alterations of the microbiota in AILD. We also highlighted the microbiota-based therapeutics such as antibiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwei Qian
- School of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei He
- School of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruqi Tang
- School of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiong Ma
- School of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China -
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14
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Zhang J, Zhou N, Wang Y, Liu T, Cao Y, Feng W, Zheng X. Protective effects of Descurainia sophia seeds extract and its fractions on pulmonary edema by untargeted urine and serum metabolomics strategy. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1080962. [PMID: 36865914 PMCID: PMC9971919 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1080962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Descurainia sophia seeds (DS) is a herbal medicine in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for treating lung diseases. We aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of DS and five of its fractions upon pulmonary edema (PE) through metabolomics analysis (MA) of urine and serum samples of rats. Methods: A PE model was established by intrathoracic injection of carrageenan. Rats were pretreated with DS extract or its five fractions (polysaccharides (DS-Pol); oligosaccharides (DS-Oli); flavonoid glycosides (DS-FG); flavonoid aglycone (DS-FA); fat oil fraction (DS-FO)) for seven consecutive days. Forty-eight hours after carrageenan injection, lung tissues were subjected to histopathology. MA of urine and serum was done by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry, respectively. Principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis were operated for the MA of rats and potential biomarkers related to treatment. Heatmaps and metabolic networks were constructed to explore how DS and its five fractions act against PE. Results: DS and its five fractions could all attenuate pathologic lung injury to different degrees, and DS-Oli, DS-FG, and DS-FO had a more potent effect compared with DS-Pol and DS-FA. DS-Oli, DS-FG, DS-FA, and DS-FO could regulate the metabolic profiles of PE rats, but DS-Pol was less potent. According to MA, the five fractions could improve PE to some degree due to their anti-inflammatory, immunoregulatory, and renoprotective activities by mediating the metabolism of taurine, tryptophan, and arachidonic acid. However, DS-Oli, DS-FG, and DS-FO had more important roles in edema-fluid reabsorption, and reduction of vascular leakage through regulating the metabolism of phenylalanine, sphingolipid and bile acid. Finally, heatmaps and hierarchical clustering analysis indicated DS-Oli, DS-FG, and DS-FO to be more efficacious than DS-Pol or DS-FA against PE. The five fractions of DS had a synergistic effect on PE from different aspects, thereby constituting the entire efficacy of DS. DS-Oli, DS-FG, or DS-FO could be used as an alternative to DS. Conclusion: MA combined with use of DS and its fractions provided novel insights into the mechanism of action of TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinying Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ning Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China,The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yongxiang Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tong Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yumin Cao
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weisheng Feng
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China,The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China,Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan, Education Ministry of P.R, Zhengzhou, China,*Correspondence: Weisheng Feng, ; Xiaoke Zheng,
| | - Xiaoke Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China,The Engineering and Technology Center for Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, China,Co-construction Collaborative Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine and Respiratory Diseases by Henan, Education Ministry of P.R, Zhengzhou, China,*Correspondence: Weisheng Feng, ; Xiaoke Zheng,
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15
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Guo Q, Hou X, Cui Q, Li S, Shen G, Luo Q, Wu H, Chen H, Liu Y, Chen A, Zhang Z. Pectin mediates the mechanism of host blood glucose regulation through intestinal flora. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 64:6714-6736. [PMID: 36756885 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2173719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Pectin is a complex polysaccharide found in plant cell walls and interlayers. As a food component, pectin is benefit for regulating intestinal flora. Metabolites of intestinal flora, including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), bile acids (BAs) and lipopolysaccharides (LPS), are involved in blood glucose regulation. SCFAs promote insulin synthesis through the intestine-GPCRs-derived pathway and hepatic adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway to promote hepatic glycogen synthesis. On the one hand, BAs stimulate intestinal L cells and pancreatic α cells to secrete Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY (PYY) through receptors G protein-coupled receptor (TGR5) and farnesoid X receptor (FXR). On the other hand, BAs promote hepatic glycogen synthesis through AMPK pathway. LPS inhibits the release of inflammatory cytokines through Toll-like receptors (TLRs)-myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MYD88) pathway and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, thereby alleviating insulin resistance (IR). In brief, both SCFAs and BAs promote GLP-1 secretion through different pathways, employing strategies of increasing glucose consumption and decreasing glucose production to maintain normal glucose levels. Notably, pectin can also directly inhibit the release of inflammatory cytokines through the -TLRs-MYD88 pathway. These data provide valuable information for further elucidating the relationship between pectin-intestinal flora-glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Guo
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Xiaoyan Hou
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Qiang Cui
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Guanghui Shen
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Qingying Luo
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Hejun Wu
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Hong Chen
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Yuntao Liu
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Anjun Chen
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
| | - Zhiqing Zhang
- College of Food Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, China
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16
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Pervez MA, Khan DA, Gilani STA, Fatima S, Ijaz A, Nida S. Hepato-Protective Effects of Delta-Tocotrienol and Alpha-Tocopherol in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Regulation of Circulating MicroRNA Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010079. [PMID: 36613525 PMCID: PMC9820400 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a key role in the regulation of genes for normal metabolism in the liver. Dysregulation of miRNAs is involved in the development and progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We aimed to explore changes in circulating miRNA expression in response to delta-tocotrienol (δT3) and alpha-tocopherol (αTF) supplementation and correlate them with relevant biochemical markers in patients with NAFLD. In total, 100 patients with NAFLD were randomized to either receive δT3 (n = 50) 300 mg or αTF (n = 50) 268 mg twice/day for 48 weeks. Plasma expression of miRNA-122, -21, -103a-2, -421, -375 and -34a were determined at baseline, 24 and 48 weeks of intervention using RT-qPCR. Both δT3 and αTF significantly downregulated expression of miRNA-122, -21, -103a-2, -421, -375 and -34a. Moreover, δT3 was more effective than αTF in reducing expression of miRNA-375 and -34a. A significant correlation was observed between miRNA expression and biochemical markers of hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance (IR), oxidative stress (OS), inflammation and apoptosis. δT3 and αTF exert hepato-protective effects by downregulating miRNAs involved in hepatic steatosis, IR, OS, inflammation and apoptosis in patients with NAFLD. Furthermore, δT3 has more pronounced effects than αTF in reducing miR-375 and miR-34a, which are linked to regulation of inflammation and apoptosis.
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17
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Elhini SH, Wahsh EA, Elberry AA, El Ameen NF, Abdelfadil Saedii A, Refaie SM, Elsayed AA, Rabea HM. The Impact of an SGLT2 Inhibitor versus Ursodeoxycholic Acid on Liver Steatosis in Diabetic Patients. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15121516. [PMID: 36558967 PMCID: PMC9786599 DOI: 10.3390/ph15121516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is related to metabolic syndrome via insulin resistance, where preventing disease progression is crucial in the management process. The study included 240 NAFLD patients with type 2 diabetes who were randomly allocated into empagliflozin 25 mg (EMPA group), ursodeoxycholic acid 250 mg (UDCA group), or the control group (placebo). The study outcomes included: changes in liver fat content (LFC; %) (utilizing the Dixon-based MRI-PDFF approach), liver enzymes, lipid and glycemic profiles, FIB-4 index, and non-alcoholic fatty liver score (NFS). All endpoints were assessed at baseline and after 6 months. EMPA outperformed UDCA and placebo in decreasing LFC (−8.73% vs. −5.71% vs. −1.99%; p < 0.0001). In post-treatment ultrasound images and MRI-PDFF calculations, more patients had normal fatty liver grade (no steatosis or LFC < 6.5%) with EMPA compared to UDCA. EMPA and UDCA showed significant regression in the FIB-4 index (−0.34 vs. −0.55; p = 0.011) and NFS scores (−1.00 vs. −1.11; p = 0.392), respectively. UDCA achieved higher reductions in insulin resistance than EMPA (p = 0.03); however, only EMPA significantly increased beta-cell function (54.20; p = 0.03). When exploring the differences between the two drugs, EMPA was better in decreasing LFC (%), while UDCA achieved higher reductions in liver fibrosis scores. Both showed a similar safety profile in managing liver steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar H. Elhini
- Diabetes and Endocrinology Unit, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia 61111, Egypt
| | - Engy A. Wahsh
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, Giza 12525, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A. Elberry
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62551, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadia F. El Ameen
- Radiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, Minia 61111, Egypt
| | | | - Shereen Mahmoud Refaie
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Hofuf 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asmaa A. Elsayed
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sohag University, Sohag 82511, Egypt
- Correspondence:
| | - Hoda M. Rabea
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62551, Egypt
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18
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Cao Y, Aquino-Martinez R, Hutchison E, Allayee H, Lusis AJ, Rey FE. Role of gut microbe-derived metabolites in cardiometabolic diseases: Systems based approach. Mol Metab 2022; 64:101557. [PMID: 35870705 PMCID: PMC9399267 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut microbiome influences host physiology and cardiometabolic diseases by interacting directly with intestinal cells or by producing molecules that enter the host circulation. Given the large number of microbial species present in the gut and the numerous factors that influence gut bacterial composition, it has been challenging to understand the underlying biological mechanisms that modulate risk of cardiometabolic disease. SCOPE OF THE REVIEW Here we discuss a systems-based approach that involves simultaneously examining individuals in populations for gut microbiome composition, molecular traits using "omics" technologies, such as circulating metabolites quantified by mass spectrometry, and clinical traits. We summarize findings from landmark studies using this approach and discuss future applications. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Population-based integrative approaches have identified a large number of microbe-derived or microbe-modified metabolites that are associated with cardiometabolic traits. The knowledge gained from these studies provide new opportunities for understanding the mechanisms involved in gut microbiome-host interactions and may have potentially important implications for developing novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Cao
- Departments of Medicine, Human Genetics, and Microbiology, Immunology, & Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine of UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ruben Aquino-Martinez
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Evan Hutchison
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Hooman Allayee
- Departments of Population & Public Health Sciences and Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Aldons J Lusis
- Departments of Medicine, Human Genetics, and Microbiology, Immunology, & Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine of UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
| | - Federico E Rey
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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19
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Suppression of Hepatic PPARα in Primary Biliary Cholangitis Is Modulated by miR-155. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182880. [PMID: 36139455 PMCID: PMC9496720 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: PPARα is a ligand-activated transcription factor that shows protective effects against metabolic disorders, inflammation and apoptosis. Primary biliary cholangitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis result in the intrahepatic accumulation of bile acids that leads to liver dysfunction and damage. Small, non-coding RNAs such as miR-155 and miR-21 are associated with silencing PPARα. Methods: The expression of miR-155, miR-21 and PPARα were evaluated using real-time PCR on liver tissue, as well as on human hepatocytes (HepG2) or cholangiocytes (NHCs) following exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), glycodeoxycholic acid (GCDCA), lithocholic acid (LCA) and/or ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA). Results: A reduction of PPARα in primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) livers was associated with miR-21 and miR-155 upregulation. Experimental overexpression of either miR-155 or miR-21 inhibited PPARα in hepatocytes, whereas, in cholangiocytes, only miR-21 suppressed PPARα. Both GCDCA and LCA induced the cell type-specific upregulation of miR-155 or miR-21. In HepG2, LPS-induced miR-155 expression was blocked by a cotreatment with UDCA and was associated with PPARα upregulation. In NHC cells, the expression of miR-21 was induced by LPS but did not affect PPARα expression. Conclusions: Hepatic PPARα expression is reduced in PBC livers as a likely result of miR-155 overexpression. UDCA effectively reduced both baseline and LPS-induced miR-155 expression, thus preventing the suppression of PPARα.
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Youness RA, Dawoud A, ElTahtawy O, Farag MA. Fat-soluble vitamins: updated review of their role and orchestration in human nutrition throughout life cycle with sex differences. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2022; 19:60. [PMID: 36064551 PMCID: PMC9446875 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-022-00696-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Age and Gender are vital determinants for the micronutrient demands of normal indviduals. Among these micronutrients are vitamins that are required in small amounts for optimum metabolism, homeostasis, and a healthy lifestyle, acting as coenzymes in several biochemical reactions. The majority of previous studies have examined such issues that relates to a specific vitamin or life stage, with the majority merely reporting the effect of either excess or deficiency. Vitamins are classified into water-soluble and fat-soluble components. The fat-soluble vitamins include vitamins (A, D, E, and K). Fat-soluble vitamins were found to have an indisputable role in an array of physiological processes such as immune regulation, vision, bone and mental health. Nonetheless, the fat-soluble vitamins are now considered a prophylactic measurement for a multitude of diseases such as autism, rickets disease, gestational diabetes, and asthma. Herein, in this review, a deep insight into the orchestration of the four different fat-soluble vitamins requirements is presented for the first time across the human life cycle beginning from fertility, pregnancy, adulthood, and senility with an extensive assessment ofthe interactions among them and their underlying mechanistic actions. The influence of sex for each vitamin is also presented at each life stage to highlight the different daily requirements and effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana A Youness
- Molecular Genetics Research Team (MGRT), Pharmaceutical Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt.
- Biology and Biochemistry Department, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire Hosted By Global Academic Foundation, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Alyaa Dawoud
- Molecular Genetics Research Team (MGRT), Pharmaceutical Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Omar ElTahtawy
- Molecular Genetics Research Team (MGRT), Pharmaceutical Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini St, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
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Seo SH, Lee DH, Lee YS, Cho KJ, Park HJ, Lee HW, Kim BK, Park JY, Kim DY, Ahn SH, Bae SH, Kim SU. Co-administration of ursodeoxycholic acid with rosuvastatin/ezetimibe in a non-alcoholic fatty liver disease model. Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf) 2022; 10:goac037. [PMID: 35982712 PMCID: PMC9379373 DOI: 10.1093/gastro/goac037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), statins, and ezetimibe (EZE) have demonstrated beneficial effects against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We investigated the efficacy of the combination of UDCA and the mix of rosuvastatin (RSV)/EZE in the treatment of NAFLD. Methods NAFLD mouse models were developed by injecting thioacetamide, fasting, and high-carbohydrate refeeding, high-fat diet, and choline-deficient L-amino acid-defined high-fat diet (CDAHFD). Low-dose UDCA (L-UDCA; 15 mg/kg) or high-dose UDCA (H-UDCA; 30 mg/kg) was administered with RSV/EZE. We also employed an in vitro model of NAFLD developed using palmitic acid-treated Hepa1c1c7 cells. Results Co-administration of RSV/EZE with UDCA significantly decreased the collagen accumulation, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, and mRNA levels of fibrosis-related markers than those observed in the vehicle group in thioacetamide-treated mice (all P < 0.01). In addition, in the group fasted and refed with a high-carbohydrate diet, UDCA/RSV/EZE treatment decreased the number of apoptotic cells and serum ALT levels compared with those observed in the vehicle group (all P < 0.05). Subsequently, H-UDCA/RSV/EZE treatment decreased the number of ballooned hepatocytes and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD-1) mRNA levels (P = 0.027) in the liver of high-fat diet-fed mice compared with those observed in the vehicle group. In the CDAHFD-fed mouse model, UDCA/RSV/EZE significantly attenuated collagen accumulation and fibrosis-related markers compared to those observed in the vehicle group (all P < 0.05). In addition, UDCA/RSV/EZE treatment significantly restored cell survival and decreased the protein levels of apoptosis-related markers compared to RSV/EZE treatment in palmitic acid-treated Hepa1c1c7 cells (all P < 0.05). Conclusion Combination therapy involving UDCA and RSV/EZE may be a novel strategy for potent inhibition of NAFLD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hyun Seo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Hyun Lee
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu Seol Lee
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Joo Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jung Park
- Yonsei Liver Center, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Won Lee
- Yonsei Liver Center, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom Kyung Kim
- Yonsei Liver Center, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Yong Park
- Yonsei Liver Center, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Young Kim
- Yonsei Liver Center, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Ahn
- Yonsei Liver Center, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Han Bae
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Up Kim
- Yonsei Liver Center, Severance Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Guan Y, Xu F, Zhang X, Fu X, Wang J, Song S, Sun Y, Yuan Q, Zhu F. Roles of ursodeoxycholic acid in the bile biochemistry and metabolomics in patients with choledocholithiasis: a prospective study. Metabolomics 2022; 18:46. [PMID: 35778620 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-022-01906-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recurrence after the endoscopic treatment of common bile duct stones (CBDS) is related to bile metabolism and bile compositions. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) has been proved effective in reducing the recurrence of CBDS. However, the detailed effects of UDCA on bile metabolism are still not extensively explored. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to analyze the role of UDCA in patients with choledocholithiasis (CDC) from the perspective of biochemistry and metabolomics. METHODS A total of 89 patients with CDC who underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography were prospectively examined and randomly assigned to control and UDCA groups. The biochemical detections (cholesterol, bilirubin, and so on) were performed on the collected bile. Moreover, the metabolomics analysis was conducted based on bile from 20 patients in the UDCA group. RESULTS The bile levels of cholesterol and endotoxins significantly decreased after UDCA treatment. Regarding bile metabolomics, the levels of 25 metabolites changed significantly after UDCA treatment. The pathway enrichment analysis showed that the UDCA addition evoked a common response related to phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis; phenylalanine metabolism; arachidonic acid metabolism; and terpenoid backbone biosynthesis. CONCLUSIONS UDCA treatment within a short time interval (7 days) did not improve the circulating laboratory values in patients with CDC who had undergone endoscopy surgery. However, relevant decreases in the bile levels of cholesterol and endotoxin were observed. UDCA evoked a common response related to lipid metabolism and amino acid metabolism, which probably reduced the bile level of cholesterol, protected hepatocytes, and corrected the abnormality of lipid metabolism caused by CDC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Guan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 150 Jimo Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 150 Jimo Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 150 Jimo Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Xiao Fu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 150 Jimo Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 150 Jimo Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Sentao Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 150 Jimo Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 150 Jimo Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Qiongying Yuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 150 Jimo Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, No. 150 Jimo Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 200120, China.
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Designing of surface engineered Ytterbium oxide nanoparticles as effective electrochemical sensing platform for dopamine. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.118929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Tsiantas K, Konteles SJ, Kritsi E, Sinanoglou VJ, Tsiaka T, Zoumpoulakis P. Effects of Non-Polar Dietary and Endogenous Lipids on Gut Microbiota Alterations: The Role of Lipidomics. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084070. [PMID: 35456888 PMCID: PMC9024800 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in sequencing technologies over the past 15 years have led to a substantially greater appreciation of the importance of the gut microbiome to the health of the host. Recent outcomes indicate that aspects of nutrition, especially lipids (exogenous or endogenous), can influence the gut microbiota composition and consequently, play an important role in the metabolic health of the host. Thus, there is an increasing interest in applying holistic analytical approaches, such as lipidomics, metabolomics, (meta)transcriptomics, (meta)genomics, and (meta)proteomics, to thoroughly study the gut microbiota and any possible interplay with nutritional or endogenous components. This review firstly summarizes the general background regarding the interactions between important non-polar dietary (i.e., sterols, fat-soluble vitamins, and carotenoids) or amphoteric endogenous (i.e., eicosanoids, endocannabinoids-eCBs, and specialized pro-resolving mediators-SPMs) lipids and gut microbiota. In the second stage, through the evaluation of a vast number of dietary clinical interventions, a comprehensive effort is made to highlight the role of the above lipid categories on gut microbiota and vice versa. In addition, the present status of lipidomics in current clinical interventions as well as their strengths and limitations are also presented. Indisputably, dietary lipids and most phytochemicals, such as sterols and carotenoids, can play an important role on the development of medical foods or nutraceuticals, as they exert prebiotic-like effects. On the other hand, endogenous lipids can be considered either prognostic indicators of symbiosis or dysbiosis or even play a role as specialized mediators through dietary interventions, which seem to be regulated by gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Tsiantas
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of West Attica, Ag. Spyridonos, 12243 Egaleo, Greece; (K.T.); (S.J.K.); (E.K.); (V.J.S.)
| | - Spyridon J. Konteles
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of West Attica, Ag. Spyridonos, 12243 Egaleo, Greece; (K.T.); (S.J.K.); (E.K.); (V.J.S.)
| | - Eftichia Kritsi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of West Attica, Ag. Spyridonos, 12243 Egaleo, Greece; (K.T.); (S.J.K.); (E.K.); (V.J.S.)
| | - Vassilia J. Sinanoglou
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of West Attica, Ag. Spyridonos, 12243 Egaleo, Greece; (K.T.); (S.J.K.); (E.K.); (V.J.S.)
| | - Thalia Tsiaka
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of West Attica, Ag. Spyridonos, 12243 Egaleo, Greece; (K.T.); (S.J.K.); (E.K.); (V.J.S.)
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48, Vas. Constantinou Ave., 11635 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: (T.T.); (P.Z.)
| | - Panagiotis Zoumpoulakis
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of West Attica, Ag. Spyridonos, 12243 Egaleo, Greece; (K.T.); (S.J.K.); (E.K.); (V.J.S.)
- Institute of Chemical Biology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48, Vas. Constantinou Ave., 11635 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: (T.T.); (P.Z.)
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Łukawska A, Mulak A. Impact of Primary and Secondary Bile Acids on Clostridioides difficile Infection. Pol J Microbiol 2022; 71:11-18. [PMID: 35635171 PMCID: PMC9152914 DOI: 10.33073/pjm-2022-007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary bile acids (BAs), synthesized from cholesterol in the liver, after their secretion with bile into the intestinal lumen, are transformed by gut microbiota to secondary BAs. As natural detergents, BAs play a key role in the digestion and absorption of lipids and liposoluble vitamins. However, they have also been recognized as important signaling molecules involved in numerous metabolic processes. The close bidirectional interactions between BAs and gut microbiota occur since BAs influence microbiota composition, whereas microbiota determines BA metabolism. In particular, it is well established that BAs modulate Clostridioides difficile life cycle in vivo. C. difficile is a cause of common nosocomial infections that have become a growing concern. The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge regarding the impact of BAs on the pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment of C. difficile infection. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Łukawska
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , Wroclaw Medical University , Wroclaw , Poland
| | - Agata Mulak
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology , Wroclaw Medical University , Wroclaw , Poland
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Wang Y, Zheng L, Zhou Z, Yao D, Huang Y, Liu B, Duan Y, Li Y. Review article: insights into the bile acid-gut microbiota axis in intestinal failure-associated liver disease-redefining the treatment approach. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2022; 55:49-63. [PMID: 34713470 DOI: 10.1111/apt.16676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal failure-associated liver disease (IFALD) increases mortality of patients with intestinal failure (IF), but lacks effective prevention or treatment approaches. Bile acids, gut microbiota and the host have close and complex interactions, which play a central role in modulating host immune and metabolic homeostasis. Increasing evidence suggests that derangement of the bile acid-gut microbiota (BA-GM) axis contributes to the development of IFALD. AIMS To review the BA-GM axis in the pathogenesis and clinical applications of IFALD, and to explore future directions for effective disease management. METHODS We conducted a literature search on bile acid and gut microbiota in IF and liver diseases. RESULTS The BA-GM axis demonstrates a unique IF signature manifesting as an increase in primary-to-secondary bile acids ratio, disturbed enterohepatic circulation, blunted bile acid signalling pathways, gut microbial dysbiosis, and altered microbial metabolic outputs. Bile acids and gut microbiota shape the compositional and functional alterations of each other in IF; collaboratively, they promote immune dysfunction and metabolic aberration in the liver. Diagnostic markers and treatments targeting the BA-GM axis showed promising potential in the management of IFALD. CONCLUSIONS Bile acids and gut microbiota play a central role in the development of IFALD and make attractive biomarkers as well as therapeutic targets. A multitarget, individualised therapy aiming at different parts of the BA-GM axis may provide optimal clinical benefits and requires future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoxuan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Danhua Yao
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuhua Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yantao Duan
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yousheng Li
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Affiliated Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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Li H, Wang Q, Chen P, Zhou C, Zhang X, Chen L. Ursodeoxycholic Acid Treatment Restores Gut Microbiota and Alleviates Liver Inflammation in Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitic Mouse Model. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:788558. [PMID: 34938193 PMCID: PMC8685972 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.788558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota dysbiosis plays an important role in the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and no approved drugs are available for NAFLD treatment. In this study, we aimed to explore the dynamic changes of gut microbiota at the different stages of NAFLD and determine whether ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) could improve liver histopathological features of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) mice induced by a high-fat high-cholesterol (HFHC) diet and its impact on gut microbiota. 6-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were fed with a HFHC or normal diet for 12, 18, and 24 weeks, respectively, to simulate the different stages of NAFLD. 16s ribosomal RNA genes from mice fecal samples at the different time points were sequenced to evaluate the dynamic changes of the gut microbiota. Then, C57BL/6 mice were fed with a HFHC diet for 24 weeks to establish the NASH model. Different doses of UDCA were administered intragastrically for additional 4 weeks. Normal diet-fed mice were taken as control. Serum samples, liver, and intestine tissues were harvested for biochemical tests and histopathological examinations. 16s ribosomal RNA genes from mice fecal samples were sequenced to assess the structural changes of gut microbiota. HFHC diet-fed mice developed simple steatosis, steatohepatitis, and fibrosis at 12, 18, and 24 weeks, respectively. The profile of gut microbiota dynamically changed with the different stages of NAFLD. NASH mice had significantly higher abundance of Fecalibaculum, Coriobacteriaceae_UCG-002, and Enterorhabdus, and lower abundance of norank_f_Muribaculaceae, Bacteroides, and Alistipes, which were partially restored by UDCA treatment. UDCA treatment significantly attenuated hepatic inflammation of NASH mice as indicated by the sum of ballooning and lobular inflammation of the NALFD activity score (3.2 ± 0.8 vs 1.8 ± 0.8, p = 0.029), and partially restored gut microbiota dysbiosis, and increased the expression of Claudin-1 and ZO-1 in the intestine, but did not activate the suppressed Farnesoid X receptor signal pathway. Conclusions: The gut microbiota dynamically changes with the different stages of NAFLD. UDCA treatment (120 mg/kg) could partially restore gut microbiota, repair gut barrier integrity, and attenuate hepatic inflammation in the NASH mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Infectious Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People`s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingling Wang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Research Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Infectious Disease, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, China
| | - Peizhan Chen
- Central Laboratory, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenghua Zhou
- Central Laboratory, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinxin Zhang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Research Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Harrison SA, Gunn N, Neff GW, Kohli A, Liu L, Flyer A, Goldkind L, Di Bisceglie AM. A phase 2, proof of concept, randomised controlled trial of berberine ursodeoxycholate in patients with presumed non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and type 2 diabetes. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5503. [PMID: 34535644 PMCID: PMC8448729 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25701-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis is frequently associated with diabetes and may cause progressive liver disease. Current treatment options are limited. Here we report on a prospective, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of two doses of HTD1801 (berberine ursodeoxycholate, an ionic salt of berberine and ursodeoxycholic acid), versus placebo that was conducted in 100 subjects with fatty liver disease and diabetes (NCT03656744). Treatment was for 18 weeks with a primary endpoint of reduction in liver fat content measured by magnetic resonance imaging proton density fat fraction. Key secondary endpoints included improvement in glycemic control, liver-associated enzymes and safety. The pre-specified primary endpoint was met. Thus, subjects receiving 1000 mg twice a day of berberine ursodeoxycholate had significantly greater reduction in liver fat content than in placebo recipients (mean absolute decrease -4.8% vs. -2.0% (p = 0.011). Compared to placebo, subjects receiving this dose also experienced significant improvement in glycemic control as well as reductions in liver-associated enzymes and significant weight loss. Diarrhea and abdominal discomfort were the most frequently reported adverse events. We conclude that berberine ursodeoxycholate has a broad spectrum of metabolic activity in patients with presumed NASH and diabetes. It is relatively well tolerated and merits further development as a treatment for NASH with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Liping Liu
- Hightide Therapeutics, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Abbey Flyer
- Pacific Northwest Statistical Consulting, Woodlinville, WA, USA
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Maliha S, Guo GL. Farnesoid X receptor and fibroblast growth factor 15/19 as pharmacological targets. LIVER RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livres.2021.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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Kim DJ, Oh JY, Rhee CK, Park SJ, Shim JJ, Cho JY. Metabolic Fingerprinting Uncovers the Distinction Between the Phenotypes of Tuberculosis Associated COPD and Smoking-Induced COPD. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:619077. [PMID: 34055821 PMCID: PMC8160120 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.619077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Although smoking is considered the main cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), several other risk factors, including pulmonary tuberculosis (TB), contribute significantly to disease causation, particularly in developing countries. However, the underlying pathogenesis of TB-associated COPD (T-COPD) is unclear. Moreover, the need for prompt diagnosis and treatment of T-COPD to decrease the future burden of inflammation is underestimated. This study aimed to identify distinctive endogenous metabotypes of T-COPD, compared to smoking-associated COPD (S-COPD). Methods: Cross-sectional metabolomic analyses and clinical examinations of serum samples were performed for three groups of 168 male subjects: T-COPD (n = 59), S-COPD (n = 70), and healthy normal controls (n = 39). To retain a broad spectrum of metabolites, we performed technically distinct analyses (global metabolomic profiling using LC-QTOFMS and targeted analyses using LC-MS/MS). Results: Higher levels of IL-6 and C-reactive protein and St. George Respiratory Questionnaire scores were seen in the T-COPD group, compared to those in the S-COPD group. Global metabolomic profiling showed elevated metabolites, including arachidonic and eicosanoic acids, in the T-COPD group. Typical changes in tryptophan catabolism were observed through targeted profiling. Additionally, in the T-COPD group, kynurenine was elevated, and serotonin levels were reduced; therefore, indoleamine dioxygenase (IDO)/tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) activities were dysregulated. Correlation analyses showed that changes in oxylipins were positively correlated with serum levels of IL-6 and C-reactive protein. Conclusion: Patients with TB-related COPD have enhanced inflammatory responses that may be linked to fatty acid pathways and tryptophan catabolism, which could be novel therapeutic targets for T-COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Jung Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jee Youn Oh
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chin Kook Rhee
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University Seoul Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seoung Ju Park
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Jae Jeong Shim
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joo-Youn Cho
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Li R, Andreu-Sánchez S, Kuipers F, Fu J. Gut microbiome and bile acids in obesity-related diseases. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 35:101493. [PMID: 33707081 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2021.101493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Dysbiosis has been implemented in the etiologies of obesity-related chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, NAFLD and cardiovascular diseases. Bile acids, a class of amphipathic steroids produced in the liver and extensively modified by the microbiome, are increasingly recognized as actors in onset and progression of these diseases. Indeed, human obesity is associated with altered bile acid metabolism. Bile acids facilitate intestinal fat absorption but also exert hormone-like functions through activation of nuclear and membrane-bound receptors and thereby modulate glucose, lipid and energy metabolism, intestinal integrity and immunity. Bile acid-signaling pathways have thus been identified as potential pharmacological targets for obesity-related diseases. Interfering with microbiome composition may also be considered, as liver- and microbiome-derived bile acid species have different signaling functions. This review summarizes recent developments in this rapidly expanding field of research and addresses potential clinical prospects of interference with bile acid signaling pathways in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumei Li
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Sergio Andreu-Sánchez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Folkert Kuipers
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Jingyuan Fu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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Farashbandi AL, Shariati M, Mokhtari M. Comparing the Protective Effects of Curcumin and Ursodeoxycholic Acid after Ethanol-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rat Liver. Ethiop J Health Sci 2021; 31:673-682. [PMID: 34483625 PMCID: PMC8365490 DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v31i3.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol consumption can cause hepatitis and long-term cirrhosis of the liver. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of curcumin (CUR) and ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) alone and together in the prevention and treatment of liver damage caused by overuse of ethanol. METHODS Adult Wistar rats were divided into 8 groups of 5, including the control group and various combinations of ethanol, CUR and UDCA groups. Twenty-eight days after the oral treatment, serum levels of aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) and Arginase I (ArgI) as well as serum levels of Albumin (Alb), total protein (TP) and Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) were measured, and liver tissue was evaluated histopathologically. RESULTS The solo administration of CUR, UDCA and CUR+UDCA had no effect on the blood parameters and liver tissue compared to the control group (p>0.05). The solo administration of CUR and UDCA in ethanol-treated rats significantly reduced ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, ArgI and BUN levels (p<0.05), while the solo administration increased Alb and TP levels compared to the ethanol group (p<0.05). In these groups, a significant decrease in cell necrosis and local inflammation of hepatocytes was observed, and the liver damage was mild. However, co-administration of ethanol, CUR and UDCA made significantly greater decrease in ALT, AST, ALP, GGT, ArgI and BUN levels (p>0.05), while the co-administration greatly increased Alb and TP levels compared to the ethanol group (p<0.05). Histopathologically, a decrease in structural changes in liver tissue and inflammation was observed, resulting in the improvement of liver tissue. CONCLUSION The solo administration of CUR and UDCA could reduce ethanol-induced liver damage in rats and improve liver's serum and blood parameters. However, the coadministration of CUR and UDCA has a greater efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mehrdad Shariati
- Department of Biology, Kazerun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun, Iran
| | - Mokhtar Mokhtari
- Department of Biology, Kazerun Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kazerun, Iran
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Wang Z, Chen J, Chen Z, Xie L, Wang W. Clinical effects of ursodeoxycholic acid on patients with ulcerative colitis may improve via the regulation of IL-23-IL-17 axis and the changes of the proportion of intestinal microflora. Saudi J Gastroenterol 2021; 27:149-157. [PMID: 33835051 PMCID: PMC8265401 DOI: 10.4103/sjg.sjg_462_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of additional ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) with mesalazine, compared to mesalazine alone in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). The mechanism was evaluated by monitoring the changes of IL-23-IL-17 axis and the intestinal microflora. METHODS In this prospective, single center study, patients with UC were randomly assigned to the Mesalazine group (n=20) or the UDCA + Mesalazine group (n=20). Mayo score and Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ), and fecal samples for 16S rRNA sequencing and blood samples for IL-23 and IL-17 ELISA were collected for analysis. RESULTS Mayo scores and IBDQ score of the UDCA + Mesalazine group were significantly better than those of the Mesalazine group (P = 0.015 and P < 0.001, respectively). At post-treatment week 4, IL-23 and IL-17 levels were significantly lower in the UDCA + Mesalazine group compared to those in the Mesalazine group (both P < 0.038). In patients with UC after treatment, Firmicutes in the UDCA + Mesalazine group was higher than those in the Mesalazine group (P < 0.001). The UDCA + Mesalazine group showed lower percentage of Proteobacteria compared to those in the Mesalazine group (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Additional UDCA could provide better therapeutic effects than mesalazine alone, possibly due to the change of IL-23 and IL-17 and the proportional distribution of intestinal microflora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengjun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The 900th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force, PLA, Fujian Medical University Fuzong Clinical College, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jinhua Chen
- Department of Medical Care, Union Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhiping Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The 900th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force, PLA, Fujian Medical University Fuzong Clinical College, Fuzhou, China
| | - Longke Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, The 900th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force, PLA, Fujian Medical University Fuzong Clinical College, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The 900th Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force, PLA, Fujian Medical University Fuzong Clinical College, Fuzhou, China,Address for correspondence: Dr. Wen Wang, 156 West 2nd Ring Road North, Fuzhou 350 025, China. E-mail:
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Sohail MI, Dönmez-Cakil Y, Szöllősi D, Stockner T, Chiba P. The Bile Salt Export Pump: Molecular Structure, Study Models and Small-Molecule Drugs for the Treatment of Inherited BSEP Deficiencies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E784. [PMID: 33466755 PMCID: PMC7830293 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The bile salt export pump (BSEP/ABCB11) is responsible for the transport of bile salts from hepatocytes into bile canaliculi. Malfunction of this transporter results in progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis type 2 (PFIC2), benign recurrent intrahepatic cholestasis type 2 (BRIC2) and intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP). Over the past few years, several small molecular weight compounds have been identified, which hold the potential to treat these genetic diseases (chaperones and potentiators). As the treatment response is mutation-specific, genetic analysis of the patients and their families is required. Furthermore, some of the mutations are refractory to therapy, with the only remaining treatment option being liver transplantation. In this review, we will focus on the molecular structure of ABCB11, reported mutations involved in cholestasis and current treatment options for inherited BSEP deficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yaprak Dönmez-Cakil
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Maltepe University, Maltepe, 34857 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Dániel Szöllősi
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringerstrasse, 13A, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Thomas Stockner
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringerstrasse, 13A, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Peter Chiba
- Institute of Medical Chemistry, Center for Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringerstrasse, 10, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Arai Y, Park H, Park S, Kim D, Baek I, Jeong L, Kim BJ, Park K, Lee D, Lee SH. Bile acid-based dual-functional prodrug nanoparticles for bone regeneration through hydrogen peroxide scavenging and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. J Control Release 2020; 328:596-607. [PMID: 32946872 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A high level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) upregulates pro-inflammatory cytokines and inhibits the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which are key factors in bone regeneration. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), a hydrophilic bile acid, has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities and also plays beneficial roles in bone regeneration by stimulating the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs while suppressing their adipogenic differentiation. Despite its remarkable capacity for bone regeneration, multiple injections of UDCA induce adverse side effects such as mechanical stress and contamination in bone defects. To fully exploit the beneficial roles of UDCA, a concept polymeric prodrug was developed based on the hypothesis that removal of overproduced H2O2 will potentiate the osteogenic functions of UDCA. In this work, we report bone regenerative nanoparticles (NPs) formulated from a polymeric prodrug of UDCA (PUDCA) with UDCA incorporated in its backbone through H2O2-responsive peroxalate linkages. The PUDCA NPs displayed potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in MSCs and induced osteogenic rather than adipogenic differentiation of the MSCs. In rat models of bone defect, the PUDCA NPs exhibited significantly better bone regeneration capacity and anti-inflammatory effects than equivalent amounts of UDCA. We anticipate that PUDCA NPs have tremendous translational potential as bone regenerative agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshie Arai
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Dongguk University, 04620 Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyoeun Park
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Dongguk University, 04620 Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sunghyun Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, CHA Biocomplex, 13488 Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Dohyun Kim
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Dongguk University, 04620 Seoul, South Korea
| | - Inho Baek
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Dongguk University, 04620 Seoul, South Korea
| | - Lipjeong Jeong
- Department of BIN Convergence Technology, Jeonbuk National University, 54896 Jeonbuk, South Korea
| | - Byoung Ju Kim
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Dongguk University, 04620 Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kwideok Park
- Center for Biomaterials, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 02792 Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dongwon Lee
- Department of BIN Convergence Technology, Jeonbuk National University, 54896 Jeonbuk, South Korea.
| | - Soo-Hong Lee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Dongguk University, 04620 Seoul, South Korea.
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Akefi R, Hashemi SM, Alinejad S, Almasi-Hashiani A. The effect of ursodeoxycholic acid on indirect hyperbilirubinemia in neonates treated with phototherapy: a randomized clinical trial. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2020; 35:4075-4080. [PMID: 33225772 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2020.1846705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Indirect hyperbilirubinemia during neonatal period is a common problem, and most preterm and more than half of the term neonates find this problem. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) protects the liver against oxidative stresses and prevents cellular apoptosis. In addition, it causes stimulation of bile flow, is well tolerated by the patient, and has limited side effects. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of UDCA in treating neonates with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia undergoing phototherapy. METHODS In this randomized clinical trial, 220 neonates with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia who referred to Amir-Kabir Hospital, Arak, Iran in 2017-2018, were randomly assigned to phototherapy group (Control group) and phototherapy plus UDCA group (Intervention group) as 10 mg/kg/day. The level of total bilirubin was measured at the baseline, and after 12, and 24 h using spectrophotometric, and the duration of receiving phototherapy was also measured in both groups. RESULTS The mean age of included neonates in the control and intervention group was 5.3 and 4.9 days, respectively. The results revealed that after 12 h of treatment, the total bilirubin level in the control group had diminished by 2.70 mg/dL on average while, in the intervention group, the reduction was 3.7 md/dL (p = .001) and after 24 h of treatment, the total bilirubin level in the control group had diminished by 5.22 mg/dL on average and in the intervention group, the reduction was 6.54 md/dL (p = .001). It was also observed that there is no significant difference between groups in terms of the mean of the duration required for phototherapy (p = .63). CONCLUSIONS UDCA combined with phototherapy enhances TSB decrease, but this effect is not relevant from a clinical point of view because it does not decrease phototherapy and hospital stay duration. Thus, this study does not support the UDCA use in the clinical practice. TRIAL REGISTRATION IRCT, IRCT2017071515511N2. Registered 21 Aug 2017 - Retrospectively registered, https://en.irct.ir/trial/14763.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rona Akefi
- Student Research Committee, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Seyed Mojtaba Hashemi
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Saeed Alinejad
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Amir Almasi-Hashiani
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
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What is the Treatment Role of Transpapillary Cholecystostomy for Delayed Cholecystectomy in the Coexistence of Acute Cholecystitis and Cholangitis. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech 2020; 31:71-75. [PMID: 33048896 DOI: 10.1097/sle.0000000000000851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aims to investigate the role of main bile duct drainage and gallbladder transpapillary drainage in the treatment of patients who diagnosed with acute cholecystitis and acute cholangitis because of choledocholithiasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients who were admitted to the hospital with the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis between January 2018 and December 2019, have hyperbilirubinemia in their laboratory tests, and who were diagnosed with choledochal stone by magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography imaging because of the findings of cholangitis were included in this study. These patients underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and choledochus stone extraction procedure and gallbladder drainage with the transpapillary pigtail. The demographic data, success rates, and complications of the patients were evaluated. RESULTS A total of 19 patients were included in the study. Choledochus was cannulated in all patients, but gallbladder drainage could not be achieved in 2 patients. These 2 patients were recorded under the unsuccessful method use. Although 2 patients could not be operated because of high comorbidity (American Society of Anesthesiologists IV), they underwent percutaneous cholecystostomy because of the development of cholecystitis arising from an obstruction in the pigtail catheter in the 11th and 12th weeks. Treatments of the remaining 15 patients and subsequent cholecystectomy procedures were successful. The mean age of the patients was 54.52 years. Of the patients, 9 were female and 6 were male. In the 6th week of follow-up, 15 patients underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy with ERCP 1 day after removal of the stent and pigtail catheter. CONCLUSIONS Transpapillary cholecystectomy with ERCP is a successful method of treatment in patients with acute cholecystitis with the symptoms of cholangitis because of choledochal stone.
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Stacchiotti V, Rezzi S, Eggersdorfer M, Galli F. Metabolic and functional interplay between gut microbiota and fat-soluble vitamins. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:3211-3232. [PMID: 32715724 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1793728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiota is a complex ecosystem seen as an extension of human genome. It represents a major metabolic interface of interaction with food components and xenobiotics in the gastrointestinal (GI) environment. In this context, the advent of modern bacterial genome sequencing technology has enabled the identification of dietary nutrients as key determinants of gut microbial ecosystem able to modulate the host-microbiome symbiotic relationship and its effects on human health. This article provides a literature review on functional and molecular interactions between a specific group of lipids and essential nutrients, e.g., fat-soluble vitamins (FSVs), and the gut microbiota. A two-way relationship appears to emerge from the available literature with important effects on human metabolism, nutrition, GI physiology and immune function. First, FSV directly or indirectly modify the microbial composition involving for example immune system-mediated and/or metabolic mechanisms of bacterial growth or inhibition. Second, the gut microbiota influences at different levels the synthesis, metabolism and transport of FSV including their bioactive metabolites that are either introduced with the diet or released in the gut via entero-hepatic circulation. A better understanding of these interactions, and of their impact on intestinal and metabolic homeostasis, will be pivotal to design new and more efficient strategies of disease prevention and therapy, and personalized nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Stacchiotti
- Micronutrient Vitamins and Lipidomics Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Serge Rezzi
- Swiss Vitamin Institute, Epalinges, Switzerland
| | - Manfred Eggersdorfer
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Francesco Galli
- Micronutrient Vitamins and Lipidomics Lab, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Hu B, Ye C, Leung ELH, Zhu L, Hu H, Zhang Z, Zheng J, Liu H. Bletilla striata oligosaccharides improve metabolic syndrome through modulation of gut microbiota and intestinal metabolites in high fat diet-fed mice. Pharmacol Res 2020; 159:104942. [PMID: 32504835 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
As traditional Chinese medicine, Bletilla striata has been widely applied to clinical treatment for its unique pharmacological profiles. This study aimed to investigate the beneficial role of Bletilla striata oligosaccharides (BO) in improving the metabolic syndrome by regulation of gut microbiota and intestinal metabolites. Treatment of HFD-fed mice with BO prevented weight gain, reversed the glucose intolerance and insulin resistance, and inhibited adipocyte hypertrophy. BO-treated mice also suppressed chronic inflammation and protected intestinal barrier from damage. These effects were linked to the reversal of gut microbiota dysbiosis, which contributed to the homeostasis of intestinal metabolites including bile acids, short-chain fatty acids and tryptophan catabolites. The depletion and reconstitution of intestinal flora from BO- or HFD-treated mice confirmed the significance of gut microbiota in regulation of HFD-induced metabolic disorders. We demonstrated for the first time that BO improved metabolic syndrome through the regulation of gut microbiota and intestinal metabolites. The modulation initiated by BO represents a promising strategy for treatment of obesity and related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baifei Hu
- College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huangjiahu West Road 16, Hongshan Disctrict, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Cheng Ye
- Wuhan Customs Technology Center, Qintai Avenue 588, Wuhan 430050, China
| | - Elaine Lai-Han Leung
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Avenida Wai Long, Taipa, Macau, SAR, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huangjiahu West Road 16, Hongshan Disctrict, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Haiming Hu
- College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huangjiahu West Road 16, Hongshan Disctrict, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huangjiahu West Road 16, Hongshan Disctrict, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Junping Zheng
- College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huangjiahu West Road 16, Hongshan Disctrict, Wuhan 430065, China.
| | - Hongtao Liu
- College of Basic Medicine, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huangjiahu West Road 16, Hongshan Disctrict, Wuhan 430065, China.
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Bai L, Gao M, Cheng X, Kang G, Cao X, Huang H. Engineered butyrate-producing bacteria prevents high fat diet-induced obesity in mice. Microb Cell Fact 2020; 19:94. [PMID: 32334588 PMCID: PMC7183672 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-020-01350-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is a major problem worldwide and severely affects public safety. As a metabolite of gut microbiota, endogenous butyric acid participates in energy and material metabolism. Considering the serious side effects and weight regain associated with existing weight loss interventions, novel strategies are urgently needed for prevention and treatment of obesity. Results In the present study, we engineered Bacillus subtilis SCK6 to exhibited enhanced butyric acid production. Compared to the original Bacillus subtilis SCK6 strain, the genetically modified BsS-RS06550 strain had higher butyric acid production. The mice were randomly divided into four groups: a normal diet (C) group, a high-fat diet (HFD) group, an HFD + Bacillus subtilis SCK6 (HS) group and an HFD + BsS-RS06550 (HE) group. The results showed BsS-RS06550 decreased the body weight, body weight gain, and food intake of HFD mice. BsS-RS06550 had beneficial effects on blood glucose, insulin resistance and hepatic biochemistry. After the 14-week of experiment, fecal samples were collected for nontargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis to identify and quantify significant changes in metabolites. Sixteen potentially significant metabolites were screened, and BsS-RS06550 was shown to potentially regulate disorders in glutathione, methionine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, and purine metabolism and secondary bile acid biosynthesis. Conclusions In this study, we successfully engineered Bacillus subtilis SCK6 to have enhanced butyric acid production. The results of this work revealed that the genetically modified live bacterium BsS-RS06550 showed potential anti-obesity effects, which may have been related to regulating the levels of metabolites associated with obesity. These results indicate that the use of BsS-RS06550 may be a promising strategy to attenuate obesity.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Bai
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Mengxue Gao
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xiaoming Cheng
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Guangbo Kang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Xiaocang Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300052, China.
| | - He Huang
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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Arab JP, Arrese M, Shah VH. Gut microbiota in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and alcohol-related liver disease: Current concepts and perspectives. Hepatol Res 2020; 50:407-418. [PMID: 31840358 PMCID: PMC7187400 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.13473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The term, gut-liver axis, is used to highlight the close anatomical and functional relationship between the intestine and the liver. It has been increasingly recognized that the gut-liver axis plays an essential role in the development and progression of liver disease. In particular, in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and alcohol-related liver disease, the two most common causes of chronic liver disease, a dysbiotic gut microbiota can influence intestinal permeability, allowing some pathogens or bacteria-derived factors from the gut reaching the liver through the enterohepatic circulation contributing to liver injury, steatohepatitis, and fibrosis progression. Pathways involved are multiple, including changes in bile acid metabolism, intestinal ethanol production, generation of short-chain fatty acids, and other by-products. Bile acids act through dedicated bile acid receptors, farnesoid X receptor and TGR5, in both the ileum and the liver, influencing lipid metabolism, inflammation, and fibrogenesis. Currently, both non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and alcohol-related liver disease lack effective therapies, and therapeutic targeting of gut microbiota and bile acids enterohepatic circulation holds promise. In this review, we summarize current knowledge about the role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and alcohol-related liver disease, as well as the relevance of microbiota or bile acid-based approaches in the management of those liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan P. Arab
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Departamento de Gastroenterología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marco Arrese
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile,Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Vijay H. Shah
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Yoon S, Lee H, Ji SC, Yoon SH, Cho JY, Chung JY. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Ursodeoxycholic Acid in an Overweight Population With Abnormal Liver Function. Clin Pharmacol Drug Dev 2020; 10:68-77. [PMID: 32191400 DOI: 10.1002/cpdd.790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is a secondary bile acid that is used to treat primary biliary cholangitis. Although UDCA has a hepatoprotective effect in some diseases, its benefit in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains controversial. We aimed to evaluate the pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of UDCA in overweight subjects with elevated liver enzymes after multiple administrations of UDCA and compare these changes with vitamin E treatment. Overweight subjects (body mass index, 25-30 kg/m2 ) with elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level (40-200 IU/L) were enrolled. Subjects received one of the following three 8-week treatments: UDCA 300 mg twice daily UDCA 300 mg twice daily for 4 weeks followed by UDCA 300 mg twice daily and metformin 500 mg twice daily for 4 weeks, and vitamin E 400 IU twice daily. PK and PD (liver function, lipid profiles, insulin sensitivity, and miR-122) analyses were performed. Thirty subjects were enrolled; 1 subject withdrew his consent during the study. The PK characteristics were similar to those of healthy volunteers. The ALT and miR-122 levels decreased in the UDCA groups, whereas the ALT and aspartate aminotransferase levels decreased in the vitamin E group. The lipid profiles and insulin sensitivity did not show significant changes among the groups. There was no serious adverse event, and the safety profiles were similar among the treatment groups. The liver enzyme and miR-122 levels were decreased by UDCA. Considering UDCA and vitamin E have a hepatoprotective effect and different mechanisms of action, combination therapy could be an option for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonghae Yoon
- Clinical Trials Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Heechan Lee
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Chun Ji
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Hyun Yoon
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Youn Cho
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Yong Chung
- Clinical Trials Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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43
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Chae S, Kim DJ, Cho JY. Complex influences of gut microbiome metabolism on various drug responses. Transl Clin Pharmacol 2020; 28:7-16. [PMID: 32274377 PMCID: PMC7136083 DOI: 10.12793/tcp.2020.28.e3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome closely interacts with the host, and it has a major influence on drug response. Many studies have reported the possible microbial influences on drugs and the possible influences of drugs on the microbiome. This knowledge has led to a better understanding of intra- and inter-individual variabilities in clinical pharmacology. For a more precise understanding of the complex correlation between the microbiome and drugs, in this review, we summarized the current knowledge on the interactions between the gut microbiome and drug response. Moreover, we suggest gut microbiome-derived metabolites as possible modulators of drug response and recommend metabolomics as a powerful tool to achieve such understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihyun Chae
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University, College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Da Jung Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University, College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Joo-Youn Cho
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University, College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea
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44
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Kim DJ, Cho EJ, Yu KS, Jang IJ, Yoon JH, Park T, Cho JY. Comprehensive Metabolomic Search for Biomarkers to Differentiate Early Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma from Cirrhosis. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1497. [PMID: 31590436 PMCID: PMC6826937 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The established biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), serum α-fetoprotein (AFP), has suboptimal performance in early disease stages. This study aimed to develop a metabolite panel to differentiate early-stage HCC from cirrhosis. Cross-sectional metabolomic analyses of serum samples were performed for 53 and 47 patients with early HCC and cirrhosis, respectively, and 50 matched healthy controls. Results were validated in 82 and 80 patients with early HCC and cirrhosis, respectively. To retain a broad spectrum of metabolites, technically distinct analyses (global metabolomic profiling using gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry and targeted analyses using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry) were employed. Multivariate analyses classified distinct metabolites; logistic regression was employed to construct a prediction model for HCC diagnosis. Five metabolites (methionine, proline, ornithine, pimelylcarnitine, and octanoylcarnitine) were selected in a panel. The panel distinguished HCC from cirrhosis and normal controls, with an area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) of 0.82; this was significantly better than that of AFP (AUC: 0.75). During validation, the panel demonstrated significantly better predictability (AUC: 0.94) than did AFP (AUC: 0.78). Defects in ammonia recycling, the urea cycle, and amino acid metabolism, demonstrated on enrichment pathway analysis, may reliably distinguish HCC from cirrhosis. Compared with AFP alone, the metabolite panel substantially improved early-stage HCC detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Jung Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea.
| | - Eun Ju Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.
| | - Kyung-Sang Yu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea.
| | - In-Jin Jang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea.
| | - Jung-Hwan Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea.
| | - Taesung Park
- Department of Statistics, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Joo-Youn Cho
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea.
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Lee TH, Park DS, Jang JY, Lee I, Kim JM, Choi GS, Oh CT, Kim JY, Han HJ, Han BS, Joh JW. Human Placenta Hydrolysate Promotes Liver Regeneration via Activation of the Cytokine/Growth Factor-Mediated Pathway and Anti-oxidative Effect. Biol Pharm Bull 2019; 42:607-616. [PMID: 30930420 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b18-00712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Liver regeneration is a very complex process and is regulated by several cytokines and growth factors. It is also known that liver transplantation and the regeneration process cause massive oxidative stress, which interferes with liver regeneration. The placenta is known to contain various physiologically active ingredients such as cytokines, growth factors, and amino acids. In particular, human placenta hydrolysate (hPH) has been found to contain many amino acids. Most of the growth factors found in the placenta are known to be closely related to liver regeneration. Therefore, in this study, we investigated whether hPH is effective in promoting liver regeneration in rats undergoing partial hepatectomy. We confirmed that cell proliferation was significantly increased in HepG2 and human primary cells. Hepatocyte proliferation was also promoted in partial hepatectomized rats by hPH treatment. hPH increased liver regeneration rate, double nucleic cell ratio, mitotic cell ratio, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and Ki-67 positive cells in vivo as well as interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). Moreover, Kupffer cells secreting IL-6 and TNF-α were activated by hPH treatment. In addition, hPH reduced thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs) and significantly increased glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Taken together, these results suggest that hPH promotes liver regeneration by activating cytokines and growth factors associated with liver regeneration and eliminating oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Hee Lee
- Hoseo Toxicological Research Center, Hoseo University
| | - Dong Sun Park
- Department of Biology Education, Korea National University of Education
| | - Ja Young Jang
- Hoseo Toxicological Research Center, Hoseo University
| | - Isaac Lee
- Hoseo Toxicological Research Center, Hoseo University
| | - Jong Man Kim
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine
| | - Gyu Seong Choi
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine
| | - Chang Taek Oh
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine
| | - Jeom Yong Kim
- Research & Development center, Green Cross WellBeing Corporation
| | - Hae Jung Han
- Research & Development center, Green Cross WellBeing Corporation
| | - Beom Seok Han
- Hoseo Toxicological Research Center, Hoseo University
| | - Jae Won Joh
- Department of Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine
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Muhlebach MS, Sha W, MacIntosh B, Kelley TJ, Muenzer J. Metabonomics reveals altered metabolites related to inflammation and energy utilization at recovery of cystic fibrosis lung exacerbation. Metabol Open 2019; 3:100010. [PMID: 32812947 PMCID: PMC7424819 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2019.100010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cystic fibrosis lung disease is characterized by chronic bacterial infections in the setting of mucus abnormalities. Patients experience periodic exacerbations that manifest with increased respiratory symptoms that require intensification of therapy with enhanced airway clearance and intravenous (IV) antibiotics. Objectives In an observational study we tested if the profile of metabolites in serum distinguished the pre-from post-exacerbation state and which systemically measurable pathways were affected during the process to recovery. Methods Serum collected within 48 h of start and completion, respectively of IV antibiotics was collected from people with CF ages 6–30 years. Three day food records were collected prior to each sample. To reduce variation between subjects only subjects who had pancreatic insufficiency, had similar CF mutations, and did not have CF liver disease or diabetes were included. Metabolomic profiling was conducted by Ultrahigh Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectroscopy with metabolites being identified based on retention time/index, mass to charge ratio and comparison to known compounds. Biostatistical analyses used paired t-test with correction for multiple comparisons and orthogonal partial least square discriminant analysis. Results Thirty subjects (20 male) with a mean ± SEM age of 15.3 ± 1.2 years participated, 17 of whom had matched food-records. Lung function was significantly improved post-therapy compared to pre-therapy, (mean ± SEM) 75 ± 4% vs. 68 ± 4% predicted (n = 26). Serum metabonomics showed distinction of the pre-vs. post-therapy groups with 123 compounds contributing to the differentiation pre-versus post-antibiotics by multiple biostatistical analyses. Compounds and pathways affected included bile acids and microbial derived amino acid metabolites, increases in lipid classes of the glycerophospholipid, glycerolipids, cholesterol, phopsholipids, and most pronounced, the class of sphingolipids. Changes in n6/n3 fatty acids, decreased polyamines but increased metabolites in the nitric oxide pathway, and changes in the tryptophan-kynurenine pathway indicated decreased inflammation at resolution of exacerbation. Conclusions Changes in serum metabolites that distinguished CF pulmonary exacerbation vs. resolution of symptoms showed evidence of decreased inflammation and improvement from a catabolic state. Serum metabonomics distinguishes cystic fibrosis exacerbation to resolution state. Distinguishing pathways indicate alterations in (gut) microbiome and bile acids. Serum metabolites at resolution show decreased inflammation and oxidative stress. Lipid markers indicate improvement from a catabolic state at exacerbation.
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Key Words
- AA, arachidonate
- ARG, arginase
- BA, bile acids
- BHBA, 3-hydroxybutyrate
- CF, cystic fibrosis
- CFTR, Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Regulator
- CRP, C-reactive protein
- DHA, docosahexaenoate
- ESI, electrospray ionization
- FDR, false discovery rate
- FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1st second
- IDO, indoleamine-2-3-dioxygenase
- IV, intravenous
- NOS, nitric oxide synthase
- ODC, ornithine decarboxylase
- OPLS-DA, orthogonal partial least square discriminant analysis
- QC, quality control
- RI, retention time/index
- UNC, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- UPLC, ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectroscopy
- VIP, variable influence on projection score
- n3-DPA, docosapentaenoate
- q, significance at a 5% FDR cut-off
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne S Muhlebach
- Dept. Pediatrics, Division Pulmonary Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 450 MacNider, 330 S. Columbia Road, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7217, USA.,Marsico Lung Institute, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Wei Sha
- Bioinformatics Services Division, Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 150 Research Campus Dr, Kannapolis, NC 28081, NC, USA
| | - Beth MacIntosh
- Metabolic and Nutrition Research Core, UNC Healthcare, Nutrition and Food Services Department, 102 Mason Farm Rd, CB#7777, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Thomas J Kelley
- Departments of Pediatrics/Pharmacology, Case Western Reserve University, 833 BRB, 10900, Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Joseph Muenzer
- Dept. Pediatrics, Division Metabolism and Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
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Lee S, Yoon S, Chung H, Ji SC, Yoon SH, Yu K, Cho J, Chung J. Pharmacokinetics of Ursodeoxycholic Acid in Elderly Volunteers Compared With Younger Adults in a Korean Population. J Clin Pharmacol 2019; 59:1085-1092. [DOI: 10.1002/jcph.1409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soyoung Lee
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and TherapeuticsSeoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Seonghae Yoon
- Clinical Trials CenterSeoul National University Bundang Hospital Seongnam Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewon Chung
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and ToxicologyKorea University Guro HospitalSeoul Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Chun Ji
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and TherapeuticsSeoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Hyun Yoon
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and TherapeuticsSeoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung‐Sang Yu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and TherapeuticsSeoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Joo‐Youn Cho
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and TherapeuticsSeoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Jae‐Yong Chung
- Clinical Trials CenterSeoul National University Bundang Hospital Seongnam Republic of Korea
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and TherapeuticsSeoul National University College of Medicine and Bundang Hospital Seongnam Republic of Korea
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48
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Kim DJ, Chung H, Ji SC, Lee S, Yu KS, Jang IJ, Cho JY. Ursodeoxycholic acid exerts hepatoprotective effects by regulating amino acid, flavonoid, and fatty acid metabolic pathways. Metabolomics 2019; 15:30. [PMID: 30830474 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-019-1494-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is an intestinal bacterial metabolite with hepatoprotective effects. However, molecular mechanisms underlying its effects remain unclear. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of UDCA by using global metabolomics analyses in healthy subjects. METHODS Healthy Korean men were administered UDCA at dosage of 400, 800, or 1200 mg daily for 2 weeks. Serum samples were collected and used for liver function tests and to determine miR-122 expression levels. Urinary and plasma global metabolomics analyses were conducted using a liquid chromatography system coupled with quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC/QTOFMS) and gas chromatography-TOFMS (GC/TOFMS). Unsupervised multivariate analysis (principal component analysis) was performed to identify discriminative markers before and after treatment. RESULTS Alanine transaminase score and serum miR-122 levels decreased significantly after 2 weeks of treatment. Through LC- and GC-based metabolomic profiling, we identified 40 differential metabolites in plasma and urine samples. CONCLUSIONS Regulation of liver function scores and metabolic alternations highlight the potential hepatoprotective action of UDCA, which were primarily associated with amino acid, flavonoid, and fatty acid metabolism in healthy men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Jung Kim
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Hyewon Chung
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Chun Ji
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - SeungHwan Lee
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Sang Yu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - In-Jin Jang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Joo-Youn Cho
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Seoul National University College of Medicine and Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.
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49
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Cabrera D, Arab JP, Arrese M. UDCA, NorUDCA, and TUDCA in Liver Diseases: A Review of Their Mechanisms of Action and Clinical Applications. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2019; 256:237-264. [PMID: 31236688 DOI: 10.1007/164_2019_241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) are key molecules in generating bile flow, which is an essential function of the liver. In the last decades, there have been great advances in the understanding of BA physiology, and new insights have emerged regarding the role of BAs in determining cell damage and death in several liver diseases. This new knowledge has helped to better delineate the pathophysiology of cholestasis and the adaptive responses of hepatocytes to cholestatic liver injury as well as of the mechanisms of injury of biliary epithelia. In this context, therapeutic approaches for liver diseases using hydrophilic BA (i.e., ursodeoxycholic acid, tauroursodeoxycholic, and, more recently, norursodeoxycholic acid), have been revamped. In the present review, we summarize current experimental and clinical data regarding these BAs and its role in the treatment of certain liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Cabrera
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias Químicas y Biológicas, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Pablo Arab
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marco Arrese
- Departamento de Gastroenterología, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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