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Mach N. The forecasting power of the mucin-microbiome interplay in livestock respiratory diseases. Vet Q 2024; 44:1-18. [PMID: 38606662 PMCID: PMC11018052 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2024.2340003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Complex respiratory diseases are a significant challenge for the livestock industry worldwide. These diseases considerably impact animal health and welfare and cause severe economic losses. One of the first lines of pathogen defense combines the respiratory tract mucus, a highly viscous material primarily composed of mucins, and a thriving multi-kingdom microbial ecosystem. The microbiome-mucin interplay protects from unwanted substances and organisms, but its dysfunction may enable pathogenic infections and the onset of respiratory disease. Emerging evidence also shows that noncoding regulatory RNAs might modulate the structure and function of the microbiome-mucin relationship. This opinion paper unearths the current understanding of the triangular relationship between mucins, the microbiome, and noncoding RNAs in the context of respiratory infections in animals of veterinary interest. There is a need to look at these molecular underpinnings that dictate distinct health and disease outcomes to implement effective prevention, surveillance, and timely intervention strategies tailored to the different epidemiological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Mach
- IHAP, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Toulouse, France
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2
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Bhowmick S, Gupta S, Mondal S, Mallick AI. Activation of Antiviral Host Responses against Avian Influenza Virus and Remodeling of Gut Microbiota by rLAB Vector Expressing rIL-17A in Chickens. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:3026-3041. [PMID: 38970488 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.4c00377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Low-pathogenic avian influenza virus (LPAIV) remains the most common subtype of type-A influenza virus that causes moderate to severe infection in poultry with significant zoonotic and pandemic potential. Due to high mutability, increasing drug resistance, and limited vaccine availability, the conventional means to prevent intra- or interspecies transmission of AIV is highly challenging. As an alternative to control AIV infections, cytokine-based approaches to augment antiviral host defense have gained significant attention. However, the selective application of cytokines is critical since unregulated expression of cytokines, particularly proinflammatory ones, can cause substantial tissue damage during acute phases of immune responses. Moreover, depending on the type of cytokine and its impact on intestinal microbiota, outcomes of cytokine-gut microflora interaction can have a critical effect on overall host defense against AIV infections. Our recent study demonstrated some prominent roles of chicken IL-17A (ChIL-17A) in regulating antiviral host responses against AIV infection, however, in an in vitro model. For more detailed insights into ChIL-17A function, in the present study, we investigated whether ChIL-17A-meditated elevated antiviral host responses can translate into effective immune protection against AIV infection in an in vivo system. Moreover, considering the role of gut health in fostering innate or local host responses, we further studied the contributory relationships between gut microbiota and host immunity against AIV infection in chickens. For this, we employed a recombinant lactic acid-producing bacterial (LAB) vector, Lactococcus lactis, expressing ChIL-17A and analyzed the in vivo functionality in chickens against an LPAIV (A/H9N2) infection. Our study delineates that mucosal delivery of rL. lactis expressing ChIL-17A triggers proinflammatory signaling cascades and can drive a positive shift in phylum Firmicutes, along with a marked decline in phylum Actinobacteriota and Proteobacteria, favoring effective antiviral host responses against AIV infection in chickens. We propose that ChIL-17A-mediated selective expansion of beneficial gut microbiota might form a healthy microbial community that augments the effective immune protection against AIV infections in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sucharita Bhowmick
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Subhadeep Gupta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia 741246, West Bengal, India
| | - Samiran Mondal
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata 700037, West Bengal, India
| | - Amirul Islam Mallick
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia 741246, West Bengal, India
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3
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Zhi Y, Wei J, Liu Z, Zhang Q, Zhang T, Hu G. Inhibitory effects of Belamcanda extract on inflammatory response and antiviral mechanism in H9N2 Avian influenza virus: insights from in vitro and in vivo studies. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103885. [PMID: 38851182 PMCID: PMC11208944 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Avian influenza, particularly the H9N2 subtype, presents significant challenges to poultry health, underscoring the need for effective antiviral interventions. This study explores the antiviral capabilities of Belamcanda extract, a traditional Chinese medicinal herb, against H9N2 Avian influenza virus (AIV) in specific pathogen-free (SPF) chicks. Through a comprehensive approach, we evaluated the impact of the extract on cytokine modulation and crucial immunological signaling pathways, essential for understanding the host-virus interaction. Our findings demonstrate that Belamcanda extract significantly modulates the expression of key inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-2 (IL-2), and interleukin-6 (IL-6), which are pivotal to the host's response to H9N2 AIV infection. Western blot analysis further revealed that the extract markedly reduces the expression of critical immune signaling molecules such as toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3), TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β (TRIF), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). These insights into the mechanisms by which Belamcanda extract influences host immune responses and hinders viral replication highlight its potential as an innovative antiviral agent for poultry health management. The study advances our comprehension of natural compounds' antiviral mechanisms and lays the groundwork for developing strategies to manage viral infections in poultry. The demonstrated ability of Belamcanda extract to modulate immune responses and inhibit viral replication establishes it as a promising candidate for future antiviral therapy development, especially in light of the need for effective treatments against evolving influenza virus strains and the critical demand for enhanced poultry health management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jingjie Wei
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhenyi Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Ge Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China.
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Kalam N, Balasubramaniam VRMT. Crosstalk between COVID-19 and the gut-brain axis: a gut feeling. Postgrad Med J 2024; 100:539-554. [PMID: 38493312 DOI: 10.1093/postmj/qgae030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
The microbes in the gut are crucial for maintaining the body's immune system and overall gut health. However, it is not fully understood how an unstable gut environment can lead to more severe cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The gut microbiota also plays a role in the gut-brain axis and interacts with the central nervous system through metabolic and neuroendocrine pathways. The interaction between the microbiota and the host's body involves hormonal, immune, and neural pathways, and any disruption in the balance of gut bacteria can lead to dysbiosis, which contributes to pathogen growth. In this context, we discuss how dysbiosis could contribute to comorbidities that increase susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2. Probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation have successfully treated infectious and non-infectious inflammatory-related diseases, the most common comorbidities. These treatments could be adjuvant therapies for COVID-19 infection by restoring gut homeostasis and balancing the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nida Kalam
- Infection and Immunity Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
| | - Vinod R M T Balasubramaniam
- Infection and Immunity Research Strength, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
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5
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Oladokun S, Sharif S. Exploring the complexities of poultry respiratory microbiota: colonization, composition, and impact on health. Anim Microbiome 2024; 6:25. [PMID: 38711114 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-024-00308-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
An accurate understanding of the ecology and complexity of the poultry respiratory microbiota is of utmost importance for elucidating the roles of commensal or pathogenic microorganisms in the respiratory tract, as well as their associations with health or disease outcomes in poultry. This comprehensive review delves into the intricate aspects of the poultry respiratory microbiota, focusing on its colonization patterns, composition, and impact on poultry health. Firstly, an updated overview of the current knowledge concerning the composition of the microbiota in the respiratory tract of poultry is provided, as well as the factors that influence the dynamics of community structure and diversity. Additionally, the significant role that the poultry respiratory microbiota plays in economically relevant respiratory pathobiologies that affect poultry is explored. In addition, the challenges encountered when studying the poultry respiratory microbiota are addressed, including the dynamic nature of microbial communities, site-specific variations, the need for standardized protocols, the appropriate sequencing technologies, and the limitations associated with sampling methodology. Furthermore, emerging evidence that suggests bidirectional communication between the gut and respiratory microbiota in poultry is described, where disturbances in one microbiota can impact the other. Understanding this intricate cross talk holds the potential to provide valuable insights for enhancing poultry health and disease control. It becomes evident that gaining a comprehensive understanding of the multifaceted roles of the poultry respiratory microbiota, as presented in this review, is crucial for optimizing poultry health management and improving overall outcomes in poultry production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samson Oladokun
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Shayan Sharif
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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Abbas W, Bi R, Hussain MD, Tajdar A, Guo F, Guo Y, Wang Z. Antibiotic Cocktail Effects on Intestinal Microbial Community, Barrier Function, and Immune Function in Early Broiler Chickens. Antibiotics (Basel) 2024; 13:413. [PMID: 38786141 PMCID: PMC11117290 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics13050413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of an antibiotic cocktail on intestinal microbial composition, mechanical barrier structure, and immune functions in early broilers. One-day-old healthy male broiler chicks were treated with a broad-spectrum antibiotic cocktail (ABX; neomycin, ampicillin, metronidazole, vancomycin, and kanamycin, 0.5 g/L each) or not in drinking water for 7 and 14 days, respectively. Sequencing of 16S rRNA revealed that ABX treatment significantly reduced relative Firmicutes, unclassified Lachnospiraceae, unclassified Oscillospiraceae, Ruminococcus torques, and unclassified Ruminococcaceae abundance in the cecum and relative Firmicutes, Lactobacillus and Baccillus abundance in the ileum, but significantly increased richness (Chao and ACE indices) and relative Enterococcus abundance in the ileum and cecum along with relatively enriched Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, and Enterococcus levels in the ileum following ABX treatment for 14 days. ABX treatment for 14 days also significantly decreased intestinal weight and length, along with villus height (VH) and crypt depth (CD) of the small intestine, and remarkably increased serum LPS, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IgG levels, as well as intestinal mucosa DAO and MPO activity. Moreover, prolonged use of ABX significantly downregulated occludin, ZO-1, and mucin 2 gene expression, along with goblet cell numbers in the ileum. Additionally, chickens given ABX for 14 days had lower acetic acid, butyric acid, and isobutyric acid content in the cecum than the chickens treated with ABX for 7 days and untreated chickens. Spearman correlation analysis found that those decreased potential beneficial bacteria were positively correlated with gut health-related indices, while those increased potential pathogenic strains were positively correlated with gut inflammation and gut injury-related parameters. Taken together, prolonged ABX application increased antibiotic-resistant species abundance, induced gut microbiota dysbiosis, delayed intestinal morphological development, disrupted intestinal barrier function, and perturbed immune response in early chickens. This study provides a reliable lower-bacteria chicken model for further investigation of the function of certain beneficial bacteria in the gut by fecal microbiota transplantation into germ-free or antibiotic-treated chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waseem Abbas
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100093, China; (W.A.); (R.B.); (F.G.); (Y.G.)
| | - Ruichen Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100093, China; (W.A.); (R.B.); (F.G.); (Y.G.)
| | - Muhammad Dilshad Hussain
- MARA-Key Laboratory of Surveillance and Management for Plant Quarantine Pests, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Alia Tajdar
- Key Laboratory of Insect Behavior and Harmless Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
| | - Fangshen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100093, China; (W.A.); (R.B.); (F.G.); (Y.G.)
| | - Yuming Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100093, China; (W.A.); (R.B.); (F.G.); (Y.G.)
| | - Zhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100093, China; (W.A.); (R.B.); (F.G.); (Y.G.)
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Kairmi SH, Abdelaziz K, Spahany H, Astill J, Trott D, Wang B, Wang A, Parkinson J, Sharif S. Intestinal microbiome profiles in broiler chickens raised without antibiotics exhibit altered microbiome dynamics relative to conventionally raised chickens. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301110. [PMID: 38568936 PMCID: PMC10990180 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study was undertaken to profile and compare the cecal microbial communities in conventionally (CONV) grown and raised without antibiotics (RWA) broiler chickens. Three hundred chickens were collected from five CONV and five RWA chicken farms on days 10, 24, and 35 of age. Microbial genomic DNA was extracted from cecal contents, and the V4-V5 hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene were amplified and sequenced. Analysis of 16S rRNA sequence data indicated significant differences in the cecal microbial diversity and composition between CONV and RWA chickens on days 10, 24, and 35 days of age. On days 10 and 24, CONV chickens had higher richness and diversity of the cecal microbiome relative to RWA chickens. However, on day 35, this pattern reversed such that RWA chickens had higher richness and diversity of the cecal microbiome than the CONV groups. On days 10 and 24, the microbiomes of both CONV and RWA chickens were dominated by members of the phylum Firmicutes. On day 35, while Firmicutes remained dominant in the RWA chickens, the microbiome of CONV chickens exhibited am abundance of Bacteroidetes. The cecal microbiome of CONV chickens was enriched with the genus Faecalibacterium, Pseudoflavonifractor, unclassified Clostridium_IV, Bacteroides, Alistipes, and Butyricimonas, whereas the cecal microbiome of RWA chickens was enriched with genus Anaerofilum, Butyricicoccu, Clostridium_XlVb and unclassified Lachnospiraceae. Overall, the cecal microbiome richness, diversity, and composition were greatly influenced by the management program applied in these farms. These findings provide a foundation for further research on tailoring feed formulation or developing a consortium to modify the gut microbiome composition of RWA chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Hossien Kairmi
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Khaled Abdelaziz
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States of America
- Clemson University School of Health Research (CUSHR), Clemson, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Heidi Spahany
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jake Astill
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - David Trott
- Wallenstein Feed & Supply Ltd, Wallenstein, Ontario, Canada
| | - Blake Wang
- Wallenstein Feed & Supply Ltd, Wallenstein, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alice Wang
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - John Parkinson
- Program in Molecular Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shayan Sharif
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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8
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Deng Y, Yang S, Zhang L, Chen C, Cheng X, Hou C. Chronic bee paralysis virus exploits host antimicrobial peptides and alters gut microbiota composition to facilitate viral infection. THE ISME JOURNAL 2024; 18:wrae051. [PMID: 38519112 PMCID: PMC11014883 DOI: 10.1093/ismejo/wrae051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
The significance of gut microbiota in regulating animal immune response to viral infection is increasingly recognized. However, how chronic bee paralysis virus (CBPV) exploits host immune to disturb microbiota for its proliferation remains elusive. Through histopathological examination, we discovered that the hindgut harbored the highest level of CBPV, and displayed visible signs of damages. The metagenomic analysis showed that a notable reduction in the levels of Snodgrassella alvi and Lactobacillus apis, and a significant increase in the abundance of the opportunistic pathogens such as Enterobacter hormaechei and Enterobacter cloacae following CBPV infection. Subsequent co-inoculation experiments showed that these opportunistic pathogens facilitated the CBPV proliferation, leading to accelerated mortality in bees and exacerbation of bloated abdomen symptoms after CBPV infection. The expression level of antimicrobial peptide (AMP) was found to be significantly up-regulated by over 1000 times in response to CBPV infection, as demonstrated by subsequent transcriptome and quantitative real-time PCR investigations. In particular, through correlation analysis and a bacteriostatic test revealed that the AMPs did not exhibit any inhibitory effect against the two opportunistic pathogens. However, they did demonstrate inhibitory activity against S. alvi and L. apis. Our findings provide different evidence that the virus infection may stimulate and utilize the host's AMPs to eradicate probiotic species and facilitate the proliferation of opportunistic bacteria. This process weakens the intestinal barrier and ultimately resulting in the typical bloated abdomen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchun Deng
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Sa Yang
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chenxiao Chen
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Xuefen Cheng
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Chunsheng Hou
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
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Deng Y, Yang X, Chen J, Yang S, Chi H, Chen C, Yang X, Hou C. Jute ( Corchorus olitorius L.) Nanocrystalline Cellulose Inhibits Insect Virus via Gut Microbiota and Metabolism. ACS NANO 2023; 17:21662-21677. [PMID: 37906569 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c06824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Natural plant nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC), exhibiting a number of exceptional performance characteristics, is widely used in food fields. However, little is known about the relationship between NCC and the antiviral effect in animals. Here, we tested the function of NCC in antiviral methods utilizing honey bees as the model organism employing Israeli acute paralysis virus (IAPV), a typical RNA virus of honey bees. In both the lab and the field, we fed the IAPV-infected bees various doses of jute NCC (JNCC) under carefully controlled conditions. We found that JNCC can reduce IAPV proliferation and improve gut health. The metagenome profiling suggested that IAPV infection significantly decreased the abundance of gut core bacteria, while JNCC therapy considerably increased the abundance of the gut core bacteria Snodgrassella alvi and Lactobacillus Firm-4. Subsequent metabolome analysis further revealed that JNCC promoted the biosynthesis of fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids, accelerated the purine metabolism, and then increased the expression of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and the genes involved in the Wnt and apoptosis signaling pathways against IAPV infection. Our results highlighted that JNCC could be considered as a prospective candidate agent against a viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchun Deng
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, P. R. China
| | - Xiai Yang
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, P. R. China
| | - Jiquan Chen
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, P. R. China
| | - Sa Yang
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, P. R. China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
| | - Haiyang Chi
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, P. R. China
| | - Chenxiao Chen
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, P. R. China
| | - Xiushi Yang
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, P. R. China
| | - Chunsheng Hou
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, P. R. China
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Davis T, Bialy D, Leng J, La Ragione R, Shelton H, Chrzastek K. Alteration of the Chicken Upper Respiratory Microbiota, Following H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus Infection. Pathogens 2023; 12:1168. [PMID: 37764976 PMCID: PMC10534358 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12091168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies have highlighted the importance of the gut microbiota in developing immunity against viral infections in chickens. We have previously shown that H9N2 avian influenza A virus (AIV) infection retards the diversity of the natural colon-associated microbiota, which may further influence chicken health following recovery from infection. The effects of influenza infection on the upper respiratory tract (URT) microbiota are largely unknown. Here, we showed that H9N2 AIV infection lowers alpha diversity indices in the acute phase of infection in the URT, largely due to the family Lactobacillaceae being highly enriched during this time in the respiratory microbiota. Interestingly, microbiota diversity did not return to levels similar to control chickens in the recovery phase after viral shedding had ceased. Beta diversity followed a similar trend following the challenge. Lactobacillus associate statistically with the disturbed microbiota of infected chickens at the acute and recovery phases of infection. Additionally, we studied age-related changes in the respiratory microbiota during maturation in chickens. From 7 to 28 days of age, species richness and evenness were observed to advance over time as the microbial composition evolved. Maintaining microbiota homeostasis might be considered as a potential therapeutic target to prevent or aid recovery from H9N2 AIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Davis
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, UK
| | - Dagmara Bialy
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, UK
| | - Joy Leng
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - Roberto La Ragione
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
- School of Biosciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Holly Shelton
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, UK
| | - Klaudia Chrzastek
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking GU24 0NF, UK
- Animal and Plant Health Agency, Pathology and Animal Sciences, APHA, Addlestone KT15 3NB, UK
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Fakharian F, Thirugnanam S, Welsh DA, Kim WK, Rappaport J, Bittinger K, Rout N. The Role of Gut Dysbiosis in the Loss of Intestinal Immune Cell Functions and Viral Pathogenesis. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1849. [PMID: 37513022 PMCID: PMC10384393 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome plays a critical role in maintaining overall health and immune function. However, dysbiosis, an imbalance in microbiome composition, can have profound effects on various aspects of human health, including susceptibility to viral infections. Despite numerous studies investigating the influence of viral infections on gut microbiome, the impact of gut dysbiosis on viral infection and pathogenesis remains relatively understudied. The clinical variability observed in SARS-CoV-2 and seasonal influenza infections, and the presence of natural HIV suppressors, suggests that host-intrinsic factors, including the gut microbiome, may contribute to viral pathogenesis. The gut microbiome has been shown to influence the host immune system by regulating intestinal homeostasis through interactions with immune cells. This review aims to enhance our understanding of how viral infections perturb the gut microbiome and mucosal immune cells, affecting host susceptibility and response to viral infections. Specifically, we focus on exploring the interactions between gamma delta (γδ) T cells and gut microbes in the context of inflammatory viral pathogenesis and examine studies highlighting the role of the gut microbiome in viral disease outcomes. Furthermore, we discuss emerging evidence and potential future directions for microbiome modulation therapy in the context of viral pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Fakharian
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Technology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 1983969411, Iran
| | - Siva Thirugnanam
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA 70433, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - David A. Welsh
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70806, USA
| | - Woong-Ki Kim
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA 70433, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Jay Rappaport
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA 70433, USA
| | - Kyle Bittinger
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Namita Rout
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA 70433, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
- Tulane Center for Aging, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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Mignini I, Ainora ME, Di Francesco S, Galasso L, Gasbarrini A, Zocco MA. Tumorigenesis in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Microbiota-Environment Interconnections. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3200. [PMID: 37370812 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15123200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Colo-rectal cancer (CRC) is undoubtedly one of the most severe complications of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). While sporadic CRC develops from a typical adenoma-carcinoma sequence, IBD-related CRC follows different and less understood pathways and its pathophysiological mechanisms were not completely elucidated. In contrast to chronic inflammation, which is nowadays a well-recognised drive towards neoplastic transformation in IBD, only recently was gut microbiota demonstrated to interfere with both inflammation processes and immune-mediated anticancer surveillance. Moreover, the role of microbiota appears particularly complex and intriguing when also considering its multifaceted interactions with multiple environmental stimuli, notably chronic pathologies such as diabetes and obesity, lifestyle (diet, smoking) and vitamin intake. In this review, we presented a comprehensive overview on current evidence of the influence of gut microbiota on IBD-related CRC, in particular its mutual interconnections with the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Mignini
- CEMAD Digestive Diseases Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo A. Gemelli, 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Elena Ainora
- CEMAD Digestive Diseases Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo A. Gemelli, 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Silvino Di Francesco
- CEMAD Digestive Diseases Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo A. Gemelli, 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Linda Galasso
- CEMAD Digestive Diseases Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo A. Gemelli, 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- CEMAD Digestive Diseases Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo A. Gemelli, 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Assunta Zocco
- CEMAD Digestive Diseases Center, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "A. Gemelli" IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo A. Gemelli, 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
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13
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Zhang H, Xie R, Zhang H, Sun R, Li S, Xia C, Li Z, Zhang L, Guo Y, Huang J. Recombinant Hemagglutinin protein and DNA-RNA-combined nucleic acid vaccines harbored by Yeast elicit protective immunity against H9N2 Avian Influenza infection. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102662. [PMID: 37043959 PMCID: PMC10140169 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A safe, convenience, and effective vaccine for controlling avian influenza virus infection is crucial in scale poultry production. Yeasts are considered useful vaccine vehicles for the delivery of antigens, which has been used to protect human and animal health. We report here the development of H9N2 strain hemagglutinin (HA)-based recombinant protein vaccines (rH9HA) and DNA-RNA-combined vaccine (rH9-DNA-RNA) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the first time. The immunogenicity assay indicated that both rH9HA and rH9-DNA-RNA could induce robust production of serum IgG, mucosal sIgA, and cellular immune responses. The reshape and diversification of gut microbiota and an enriched Lactobacillus, Debaryomyces were observed after oral immunization with rH9HA or rH9-DNA-RNA yeast vaccine, which might contribute to modulate the intestinal mucosal immunity and antiviral process. Oral immunized birds with either rH9HA or rH9-DNA-RNA were effectively protected from H9N2 virus challenge. Our findings suggested that yeast-derived H9N2 HA-based recombinant protein vaccines and DNA-RNA-combined nucleic acid vaccines are feasible and efficacious, opening up a new avenue for rapid and cost-effective production of avian influenza vaccines to achieve good protection effect.
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14
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Taha-Abdelaziz K, Singh M, Sharif S, Sharma S, Kulkarni RR, Alizadeh M, Yitbarek A, Helmy YA. Intervention Strategies to Control Campylobacter at Different Stages of the Food Chain. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11010113. [PMID: 36677405 PMCID: PMC9866650 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11010113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter is one of the most common bacterial pathogens of food safety concern. Campylobacter jejuni infects chickens by 2-3 weeks of age and colonized chickens carry a high C. jejuni load in their gut without developing clinical disease. Contamination of meat products by gut contents is difficult to prevent because of the high numbers of C. jejuni in the gut, and the large percentage of birds infected. Therefore, effective intervention strategies to limit human infections of C. jejuni should prioritize the control of pathogen transmission along the food supply chain. To this end, there have been ongoing efforts to develop innovative ways to control foodborne pathogens in poultry to meet the growing customers' demand for poultry meat that is free of foodborne pathogens. In this review, we discuss various approaches that are being undertaken to reduce Campylobacter load in live chickens (pre-harvest) and in carcasses (post-harvest). We also provide some insights into optimization of these approaches, which could potentially help improve the pre- and post-harvest practices for better control of Campylobacter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Taha-Abdelaziz
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Science, College of Agriculture, Forestry and Life Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Mankerat Singh
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Shayan Sharif
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Shreeya Sharma
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Science, College of Agriculture, Forestry and Life Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Raveendra R. Kulkarni
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Mohammadali Alizadeh
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Alexander Yitbarek
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Montreal, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
| | - Yosra A. Helmy
- Department of Veterinary Science, College of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
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15
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Xie R, Zhang H, Zhang H, Li C, Cui D, Li S, Li Z, Liu H, Huang J. Hemagglutinin expressed by yeast reshapes immune microenvironment and gut microbiota to trigger diverse anti-infection response in infected birds. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1125190. [PMID: 37143654 PMCID: PMC10151582 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1125190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The H5N8 influenza virus is a highly pathogenic pathogen for poultry and human. Vaccination is the most effective method to control the spread of the virus right now. The traditional inactivated vaccine, though well developed and used widely, is laborious during application and more interests are stimulated in developing alternative approaches. Methods In this study, we developed three hemagglutinin (HA) gene-based yeast vaccine. In order to explore the protective efficacy of the vaccines, the gene expression level in the bursa of Fabricius and the structure of intestinal microflora in immunized animals were analyzed by RNA seq and 16SrRNA sequencing, and the regulatory mechanism of yeast vaccine was evaluated. Results All of these vaccines elicited the humoral immunity, inhibited viral load in the chicken tissues, and provided partial protective efficacy due to the high dose of the H5N8 virus. Molecular mechanism studies suggested that, compared to the traditional inactivated vaccine, our engineered yeast vaccine reshaped the immune cell microenvironment in bursa of Fabricius to promote the defense and immune responses. Analysis of gut microbiota further suggested that oral administration of engineered ST1814G/H5HA yeast vaccine increased the diversity of gut microbiota and the increasement of Reuteri and Muciniphila might benefit the recovery from influenza virus infection. These results provide strong evidence for further clinical use of these engineered yeast vaccine in poultry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyu Xie
- School of Life Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Huixia Zhang
- School of Life Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Han Zhang
- School of Life Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Changyan Li
- School of Life Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Daqing Cui
- School of Life Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shujun Li
- School of Life Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zexing Li
- School of Life Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hualei Liu
- China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- *Correspondence: Hualei Liu, ; Jinhai Huang,
| | - Jinhai Huang
- School of Life Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Hualei Liu, ; Jinhai Huang,
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Shojadoost B, Alizadeh M, Boodhoo N, Astill J, Karimi SH, Shoja Doost J, Taha-Abdelaziz K, Kulkarni R, Sharif S. Effects of Treatment with Lactobacilli on Necrotic Enteritis in Broiler Chickens. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2022; 14:1110-1129. [PMID: 35044636 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-021-09901-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Growth promoter antibiotics have been commonly used for the control of necrotic enteritis (NE) in broilers for decades. However, due to a ban on the use of these antibiotics, alternatives such as probiotics have been tested widely for NE control. The present study tested the efficacy of four different species of lactobacilli (two isolates of Lactobacillus johnsonii and one of Ligilactobacillus (L.) salivarius, Limosilactobacillus (L.) reuteri, and L. crispatus) against NE. Day-old male broiler chickens were divided into six groups and orally inoculated with 1 × 107 or 1 × 108 colony-forming units (CFU) of lactobacilli on 1, 7, 14, and 20 days of age. While negative and positive control groups did not receive lactobacilli, the latter was challenged with Clostridium perfringens (CP). Chickens, at 21 days old, were challenged for 3 days with 3 × 108 CFU of a virulent strain of CP. Tissues were collected for immune system gene expression, immunophenotyping, intestinal histomorphometry, and microbiota analysis. Lactobacilli inoculation conferred partial protection in chickens against NE, marked by lowered lesion scores and improved villus:crypt ratio. Immunomodulatory effects were demonstrated by the significant alteration of interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-12p35, IL-17, and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) gene transcription in the duodenum and jejunum as well as subtle changes in the frequency of CD8 + T cells and B cells in the cecal tonsil of the treated chickens. Microbiota analysis showed increased levels of some bacterial phyla including Actinobacteria, Lactobacillaceae, and Firmicutes. In conclusion, these findings suggest that the use of certain lactobacilli can reduce NE severity and modulate immune responses and intestinal microbiota composition in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahram Shojadoost
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Mohammadali Alizadeh
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Nitish Boodhoo
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Jake Astill
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Seyed Hossein Karimi
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Janan Shoja Doost
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Khaled Taha-Abdelaziz
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.,Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Al Shamlah, Beni-Suef, 62511, Egypt.,Animal and Veterinary Sciences Department, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Raveendra Kulkarni
- Dept of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Vet Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Dr, Raleigh, NC -27607, USA
| | - Shayan Sharif
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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Zhou Y, Zhao X, Zhang M, Feng J. Gut microbiota dysbiosis exaggerates ammonia-induced tracheal injury Via TLR4 signaling pathway. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 246:114206. [PMID: 36272174 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia is a toxic air pollutant that causes severe respiratory tract injury in animals and humans. Gut microbiota dysbiosis has been found to be involved in the development of respiratory tract injury induced by air pollutants, however, the specific mechanism requires investigation. Here, we found that, inhaled ammonia induced tracheal injury by reducing expression of claudin-1, increasing expression of muc5ac, TLR4, MyD88, NF-κB and cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-10), and also altering tracheal microbiota composition. Spearman correlation analysis indicated that gut microbiota dysbiosis positively correlated with TLR4 level in the trachea. Antibiotic depletion intestinal microbiota treatment reduced the severity of ammonia-induced tracheal injury via TLR4 signaling pathway. Microbiota transplantation induced the tracheal injury via TLR4 signaling pathway even without the ammonia exposure. These results indicate that gut microbiota dysbiosis exaggerates ammonia-induced tracheal injury via TLR4 signaling pathway. In addition, the [Ruminococcus]_torques_group, Faecalibacterium, unclassified_f_Lachnospiraceae may be the key gut microbiota contributing to the alterations of tracheal microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Xin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Minhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Jinghai Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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18
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Oral supplementation with selected Lactobacillus acidophilus triggers IL-17-dependent innate defense response, activation of innate lymphoid cells type 3 and improves colitis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17591. [PMID: 36266398 PMCID: PMC9585059 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21643-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Live biotherapeutic products constitute an emerging therapeutic approach to prevent or treat inflammatory bowel diseases. Lactobacillus acidophilus is a constituent of the human microbiota with probiotic potential, that is illustrated by improvement of intestinal inflammation and antimicrobial activity against several pathogens. In this study, we evaluated the immunomodulatory properties of the L. acidophilus strain BIO5768 at steady state and upon acute inflammation. Supplementation of naïve mice with BIO5768 heightened the transcript level of some IL-17 target genes encoding for protein with microbicidal activity independently of NOD2 signaling. Of these, the BIO5768-induced expression of Angiogenin-4 was blunted in monocolonized mice that are deficient for the receptor of IL-17 (but not for NOD2). Interestingly, priming of bone marrow derived dendritic cells by BIO5768 enhanced their ability to support the secretion of IL-17 by CD4+ T cells. Equally of importance, the production of IL-22 by type 3 innate lymphoid cells is concomitantly heightened in response to BIO5768. When administered alone or in combination with Bifidobacterium animalis spp. lactis BIO5764 and Limosilactobacillus reuteri, BIO5768 was able to alleviate at least partially intestinal inflammation induced by Citrobacter rodentium infection. Furthermore, BIO5768 was also able to improve colitis induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS). In conclusion, we identify a new potential probiotic strain for the management of inflammatory bowel diseases, and provide some insights into its IL-17-dependent and independent mode of action.
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19
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Yin HC, Liu ZD, Zhang WW, Yang QZ, Yu TF, Jiang XJ. Chicken intestinal microbiota modulation of resistance to nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis virus infection through IFN-I. MICROBIOME 2022; 10:162. [PMID: 36192807 PMCID: PMC9527382 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-022-01348-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mammalian intestinal microbiomes are necessary for antagonizing systemic viral infections. However, very few studies have identified whether poultry commensal bacteria play a crucial role in protecting against systemic viral infections. Nephropathogenic infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a pathogenic coronavirus that causes high morbidity and multiorgan infection tropism in chickens. RESULTS In this study, we used broad-spectrum oral antibiotics (ABX) to treat specific pathogen free (SPF) chickens to deplete the microbiota before infection with nephropathogenic IBV to analyze the impact of microbiota on IBV infections in vivo. Depletion of the SPF chicken microbiota increases pathogenicity and viral burden following IBV infection. The gnotobiotic chicken infection model further demonstrated that intestinal microbes are resistant to nephropathogenic IBV infection. In addition, ABX-treated chickens showed a severe reduction in macrophage activation, impaired type I IFN production, and IFN-stimulated gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and the spleen. Lactobacillus isolated from SPF chickens could restore microbiota-depleted chicken macrophage activation and the IFNAR-dependent type I IFN response to limit IBV infection. Furthermore, exopolysaccharide metabolites of Lactobacillus spp. could induce IFN-β. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed the resistance mechanism of SPF chicken intestinal microbiota to nephropathogenic IBV infection, providing new ideas for preventing and controlling nephropathogenic IBV. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Chang Yin
- College of Life Science and Agriculture Forestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhen-Dong Liu
- Department of Surgery of Spine and Spinal Cord, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Wei-Wei Zhang
- College of Life Science and Agriculture Forestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qing-Zhu Yang
- College of Life Science and Agriculture Forestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Tian-Fei Yu
- College of Life Science and Agriculture Forestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Xin-Jie Jiang
- College of Life Science and Agriculture Forestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, 161006, Heilongjiang, China.
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20
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The 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing of Gut Microbiota in Chickens Infected with Different Virulent Newcastle Disease Virus Strains. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12192558. [PMID: 36230299 PMCID: PMC9559583 DOI: 10.3390/ani12192558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Newcastle disease (ND), which is caused by virulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV), is one of the most important viral diseases for chickens and birds. However, the intestinal pathogenesis of NDV is still poorly understood. To preliminarily investigate its intestinal pathogenesis mechanisms from the aspect of gut microbiota, the 16S rRNA gene sequencing technology was used to evaluate the gut microbiota composition changes post different virulent NDV infection. Results showed that different virulent NDV infection resulted in a different alteration of the gut microbiota in chickens, including a loss of probiotic bacteria and an expansion of some pathogenic bacteria. The above results suggest that NDV strains with different virulence have different impacts on chicken gut microbiota. Abstract Newcastle disease virus (NDV) which is pathogenic to chickens is characterized by dyspnea, diarrhea, nervous disorder and hemorrhages. However, the influence of different virulent NDV strain infection on the host gut microbiota composition is still poorly understood. In this study, twenty 21-day-old specific pathogen free (SFP) chickens were inoculated with either the velogenic Herts33 NDV strain, lentogenic La Sota NDV strain or sterile phosphate buffer solution (PBS). Subsequently, the fecal samples of each group were collected for 16S rRNA sequencing. The results showed that the gut microbiota were mainly dominated by Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria in both healthy and NDV infected chickens. NDV infection altered the structure and composition of gut microbiota. As compared to the PBS group, phylum Firmicutes were remarkably reduced, whereas Proteobacteria was significantly increased in the velogenic NDV infected group; the gut community structure had no significant differences between the lentogenic NDV infected group and the PBS group at phylum level. At genus level, Escherichia-Shigella was significantly increased in both the velogenic and lentogenic NDV infected groups, but the lactobacillus was only remarkably decreased in the velogenic NDV infected group. Collectively, different virulent strain NDV infection resulted in a different alteration of the gut microbiota in chickens, including a loss of probiotic bacteria and an expansion of some pathogenic bacteria. These results indicated that NDV strains with different virulence have different impacts on chicken gut microbiota and may provide new insights into the intestinal pathogenesis of NDV.
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Umair M, Jabbar S, Zhaoxin L, Jianhao Z, Abid M, Khan KUR, Korma SA, Alghamdi MA, El-Saadony MT, Abd El-Hack ME, Cacciotti I, AbuQamar SF, El-Tarabily KA, Zhao L. Probiotic-Based Bacteriocin: Immunity Supplementation Against Viruses. An Updated Review. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:876058. [PMID: 36033850 PMCID: PMC9402254 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.876058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral infections are a major cause of severe, fatal diseases worldwide. Recently, these infections have increased due to demanding contextual circumstances, such as environmental changes, increased migration of people and product distribution, rapid demographic changes, and outbreaks of novel viruses, including the COVID-19 outbreak. Internal variables that influence viral immunity have received attention along with these external causes to avert such novel viral outbreaks. The gastrointestinal microbiome (GIM), particularly the present probiotics, plays a vital role in the host immune system by mediating host protective immunity and acting as an immune regulator. Bacteriocins possess numerous health benefits and exhibit antagonistic activity against enteric pathogens and immunobiotics, thereby inhibiting viral infections. Moreover, disrupting the homeostasis of the GIM/host immune system negatively affects viral immunity. The interactions between bacteriocins and infectious viruses, particularly in COVID-19, through improved host immunity and physiology are complex and have not yet been studied, although several studies have proven that bacteriocins influence the outcomes of viral infections. However, the complex transmission to the affected sites and siRNA defense against nuclease digestion lead to challenging clinical trials. Additionally, bacteriocins are well known for their biofunctional properties and underlying mechanisms in the treatment of bacterial and fungal infections. However, few studies have shown the role of probiotics-derived bacteriocin against viral infections. Thus, based on the results of the previous studies, this review lays out a road map for future studies on bacteriocins for treating viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Umair
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Saqib Jabbar
- Food Science Research Institute (FSRI), National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Lu Zhaoxin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhang Jianhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Muhammad Abid
- Institute of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Kashif-Ur R. Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Sameh A. Korma
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mashail A. Alghamdi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed T. El-Saadony
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | | | - Ilaria Cacciotti
- Department of Engineering, INSTM RU, University of Rome “Niccolò Cusano”, Rome, Italy
| | - Synan F. AbuQamar
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Khaled A. El-Tarabily
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Khalifa Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - Liqing Zhao
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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22
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Shao G, Xie Z, Liang M, Liu Y, Song C, Feng K, Zhang X, Lin W, Fu J, Xie Q. Efficacy of recombinant Newcastle disease virus expressing HA protein of H9N2 Avian influenza virus in respiratory and intestinal tract. Poult Sci 2022; 101:102078. [PMID: 36272233 PMCID: PMC9589208 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus (AIV) is a low pathogenic AIV, which is widely prevalent all over the world. The infection of H9N2 AIV often leads to secondary infection with other pathogens, causing serious economic losses to poultry industry. Up to now, several recombinant Newcastle disease viruses (NDV) expressing H9N2 AIV hemagglutinin (HA) protein had been developed. However, the efficacy of recombinant virus on tracheal and intestinal injury caused by H9N2 AIV was rarely reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of recombinant NDV expressing H9N2 AIV HA protein in respiratory and intestinal tract. In this study, based on Red/ET homologous recombination technology, H9N2 AIV HA gene was embedded into the genome of NDV LaSota vaccine strain to obtain the recombinant virus rNDV-H9. The recombinant virus rNDV-H9 showed similar replication kinetic characteristics with the parent LaSota strain and had good genetic stability. The immunization result showed that rNDV-H9 induced high HI antibody titer against H9N2 AIV. In the H9N2 AIV challenge experiment, rNDV-H9 could significantly reduce the virus shedding in trachea and cloaca. In addition, rNDV-H9 protected the barrier function of chicken intestinal mucosal epithelial cells and reduced the virus-induced inflammatory response to a certain extent, so as to inhibit the abnormal proliferation of E. coli. This study suggests that rNDV-H9 is a promising vaccine candidate against H9N2 AIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanming Shao
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology & Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, P. R. China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou, 510642, P. R. China; South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou, 510642, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangdong, Guangzhou, 510642, P. R. China
| | - Zi Xie
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology & Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, P. R. China; South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou, 510642, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangdong, Guangzhou, 510642, P. R. China
| | - Ming Liang
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology & Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, P. R. China; South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou, 510642, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangdong, Guangzhou, 510642, P. R. China
| | - Yaxin Liu
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology & Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, P. R. China; South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou, 510642, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangdong, Guangzhou, 510642, P. R. China
| | - Chaoyi Song
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-infectives, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University-Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Keyu Feng
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology & Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, P. R. China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou, 510642, P. R. China; South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou, 510642, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangdong, Guangzhou, 510642, P. R. China
| | - Xinheng Zhang
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology & Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, P. R. China; South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou, 510642, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangdong, Guangzhou, 510642, P. R. China
| | - Wencheng Lin
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology & Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, P. R. China; South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou, 510642, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangdong, Guangzhou, 510642, P. R. China
| | - Jun Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Helmholtz International Lab for Anti-infectives, Institute of Microbial Technology, Shandong University-Helmholtz Institute of Biotechnology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qingmei Xie
- Heyuan Branch, Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology & Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, P. R. China; Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou, 510642, P. R. China; South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou, 510642, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Animal Health Aquaculture and Environmental Control, Guangdong, Guangzhou, 510642, P. R. China.
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Xing JH, Shi CW, Sun MJ, Gu W, Zhang RR, Chen HL, Li Y, Wang D, Li J, Niu TM, Huang QT, Qian JH, Huang HB, Jiang YL, Wang JZ, Cao X, Wang N, Zeng Y, Yang GL, Yang WT, Wang CF. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 0111 Protects Against Influenza Virus by Modulating Intestinal Microbial-Mediated Immune Responses. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:820484. [PMID: 35847111 PMCID: PMC9282045 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.820484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There are some limitations of traditional influenza vaccines concerning novel mutant strains. Therefore, it is particularly important to develop preventive means for antigen-unrelated types of influenza viruses. Recent studies have shown that probiotics can modulate the immune system and reduce the severity of viral infections. In this study, we investigated the potential of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 0111 against influenza virus H9N2. Challenge experiments showed that L. plantarum 0111 pretreatments could effectively improve mice’s survival rate and weight loss and reduce the inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α in the lungs and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) along with the degree of lung and intestinal injury. FMT experiment demonstrates that the protective effect produced by L. plantarum 0111 is associated with gut microorganisms. In addition, 16S high-throughput sequencing of the mouse intestinal microbiota showed that L. plantarum 0111 remodeled the intestinal microbiota after H9N2 infection and maintained the gut microbiota balance. In a mouse model, the oral administration of L. plantarum 0111 increased IFN-β expression in the serum and BALF. At the same time, the transcript levels of IFN-β and related ISGs in the intestine and lungs of mice were also increased. In addition, the activation and polarization of T cells in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) and the spleen were detected by flow cytometry, and the results showed that L. plantarum 0111 modulated cytokines in T cells and increased IgA expression in B cells in the MLNs and spleen. Thus, L. plantarum 0111 may improve gut microbiota-mediated immune responses and thus, resist infection by the influenza virus, and it could be used as an effective preventive measure against the influenza virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hong Xing
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Chun-Wei Shi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Ming-Jie Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Gu
- Shandong BaoLai-LeeLai Bioengineering Co., Ltd., Tai’an, China
| | - Rong-Rong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Hong-Liang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - JunYi Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Tian-Ming Niu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Qun-Tao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jia-Hao Qian
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Hai Bin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yan-Long Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jian-Zhong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Xin Cao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Gui-Lian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Gui-Lian Yang,
| | - Wen Tao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Wen Tao Yang,
| | - Chun-Feng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Chun-Feng Wang,
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Alqazlan N, Astill J, Raj S, Sharif S. Strategies for enhancing immunity against avian influenza virus in chickens: A review. Avian Pathol 2022; 51:211-235. [PMID: 35297706 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2022.2054309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Poultry infection with avian influenza viruses (AIV) is a continuous source of concern for poultry production and human health. Uncontrolled infection and transmission of AIV in poultry increases the potential for viral mutation and reassortment, possibly resulting in the emergence of zoonotic viruses. To this end, implementing strategies to disrupt the transmission of AIVs in poultry, including a wide array of traditional and novel methods, is much needed. Vaccination of poultry is a targeted approach to reduce clinical signs and shedding in infected birds. Strategies aimed at enhancing the effectiveness of AIV vaccines are multi-pronged and include methods directed towards eliciting immune responses in poultry. Strategies include producing vaccines of greater immunogenicity via vaccine type and adjuvant application and increasing bird responsiveness to vaccines by modification of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) microbiome and dietary interventions. This review provides an in-depth discussion of recent findings surrounding novel AIV vaccines for poultry, including reverse genetics vaccines, vectors, protein vaccines and virus like particles, highlighting their experimental efficacy among other factors such as safety and potential for use in the field. In addition to the type of vaccine employed, vaccine adjuvants also provide an effective way to enhance AIV vaccine efficacy, therefore, research on different types of vaccine adjuvants and vaccine adjuvant delivery strategies is discussed. Finally, the poultry gastrointestinal microbiome is emerging as an important factor in the effectiveness of prophylactic treatments. In this regard, current findings on the effects of the chicken GIT microbiome on AIV vaccine efficacy are summarized here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadiyah Alqazlan
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Jake Astill
- Artemis Technologies Inc., Guelph, ON, N1L 1E3, Canada
| | - Sugandha Raj
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Shayan Sharif
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
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25
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Aan FJ, Glibetic N, Montoya-Uribe V, Matter ML. COVID-19 and the Microbiome: The Gut-Lung Connection. COMPREHENSIVE GUT MICROBIOTA 2022. [PMCID: PMC8131000 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819265-8.00048-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Abstract
The microorganisms associated with an organism, the microbiome, have a strong and wide impact in their host biology. In particular, the microbiome modulates both the host defense responses and immunity, thus influencing the fate of infections by pathogens. Indeed, this immune modulation and/or interaction with pathogenic viruses can be essential to define the outcome of viral infections. Understanding the interplay between the microbiome and pathogenic viruses opens future venues to fight viral infections and enhance the efficacy of antiviral therapies. An increasing number of researchers are focusing on microbiome-virus interactions, studying diverse combinations of microbial communities, hosts, and pathogenic viruses. Here, we aim to review these studies, providing an integrative overview of the microbiome impact on viral infection across different pathosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén González
- Instituto de Biología Integrativa de Sistemas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universitat de València, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
| | - Santiago F. Elena
- Instituto de Biología Integrativa de Sistemas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universitat de València, Paterna, Valencia, Spain
- The Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, New Mexico, USA
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27
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Aruwa CE, Pillay C, Nyaga MM, Sabiu S. Poultry gut health - microbiome functions, environmental impacts, microbiome engineering and advancements in characterization technologies. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2021; 12:119. [PMID: 34857055 PMCID: PMC8638651 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-021-00640-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) health impacts animal productivity. The poultry microbiome has functions which range from protection against pathogens and nutrients production, to host immune system maturation. Fluctuations in the microbiome have also been linked to prevailing environmental conditions. Healthy poultry birds possess a natural resistance to infection. However, the exploration of environmental impacts and other relevant factors on poultry growth and health have been underplayed. Since good performance and growth rate are central to animal production, the host-microbiome relationship remains integral. Prior to the emergence of metagenomic techniques, conventional methods for poultry microbiome studies were used and were low-throughput and associated with insufficient genomic data and high cost of sequencing. Fortunately, the advent of high-throughput sequencing platforms have circumvented some of these shortfalls and paved the way for increased studies on the poultry gut microbiome diversity and functions. Here, we give an up-to-date review on the impact of varied environments on microbiome profile, as well as microbiome engineering and microbiome technology advancements. It is hoped that this paper will provide invaluable information that could guide and inspire further studies on the lingering pertinent questions about the poultry microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiana Eleojo Aruwa
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, P.O. Box 1334, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Charlene Pillay
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, P.O. Box 1334, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Martin M Nyaga
- Next Generation Sequencing Unit, Division of Virology, Faculty of Heath Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Saheed Sabiu
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, P.O. Box 1334, Durban, 4000, South Africa.
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28
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Wu LH, Ye ZN, Peng P, Xie WR, Xu JT, Zhang XY, Xia HHX, He XX. Efficacy and Safety of Washed Microbiota Transplantation to Treat Patients with Mild-to-Severe COVID-19 and Suspected of Having Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. Curr Med Sci 2021; 41:1087-1095. [PMID: 34846698 PMCID: PMC8630278 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-021-2475-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is often accompanied by gastrointestinal symptoms, which are related to gut microbiota dysbiosis (GMD). Whether washed microbiota transplantation (WMT) is an effective treatment for COVID-19 patients suspected of having GMD by restoring the gut microbiota is unknown. This study is designed to explore the efficacy and safety of WMT in COVID-19 patients suspected of having GMD. METHODS This is a randomized, multicenter, single-blind prospective study. COVID-19 patients suspected of having GMD will be randomly divided to receive routine treatment only or to receive routine treatment and WMT. The frequency of WMT will be once a day for three consecutive days. Laboratory and imaging examinations will be performed at admission, 1 and 2 weeks after treatment, and on the day of discharge. Then a telephone follow-up will be conducted at 1st week, 2nd week, and 6th month after discharge. The clinical efficacy and safety of WMT in COVD-19 patients suspected of having GMD and the effects of WMT on the organ function, homeostasis, inflammatory response, intestinal mucosal barrier function, and immunity of the patients will be evaluated. RESULTS By following the proposed protocol, WMT is expected to be efficacious and safe for the treatment of COVID-19 patients suspected of having GMD, and the therapeutic effect is expected to be associated with improvement of the intestinal mucosal barrier function, inflammatory response, and immunity. CONCLUSION The findings from this study may offer a new approach for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 patients suspected of having GMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-hao Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
- Research Center for Engineering Techniques of Microbiota-Targeted Therapies of Guangdong Province, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Zhi-ning Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
- Research Center for Engineering Techniques of Microbiota-Targeted Therapies of Guangdong Province, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Ping Peng
- Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital, Guangzhou, 510060 China
| | - Wen-rui Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
- Research Center for Engineering Techniques of Microbiota-Targeted Therapies of Guangdong Province, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Jia-ting Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
- Research Center for Engineering Techniques of Microbiota-Targeted Therapies of Guangdong Province, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Xue-yuan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
- Research Center for Engineering Techniques of Microbiota-Targeted Therapies of Guangdong Province, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Harry Hua-xiang Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
| | - Xing-xiang He
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
- Research Center for Engineering Techniques of Microbiota-Targeted Therapies of Guangdong Province, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510080 China
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Lu C, Yan Y, Jian F, Ning C. Coccidia-Microbiota Interactions and Their Effects on the Host. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:751481. [PMID: 34660347 PMCID: PMC8517481 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.751481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
As a common parasitic disease in animals, coccidiosis substantially affects the health of the host, even in the absence of clinical symptoms and intestinal tract colonization. Gut microbiota is an important part of organisms and is closely related to the parasite and host. Parasitic infections often have adverse effects on the host, and their pathogenic effects are related to the parasite species, parasitic site and host-parasite interactions. Coccidia-microbiota-host interactions represent a complex network in which changes in one link may affect the other two factors. Furthermore, coccidia-microbiota interactions are not well understood and require further research. Here, we discuss the mechanisms by which coccidia interact directly or indirectly with the gut microbiota and the effects on the host. Understanding the mechanisms underlying coccidia-microbiota-host interactions is important to identify new probiotic strategies for the prevention and control of coccidiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yaqun Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fuchun Jian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Changshen Ning
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
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30
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Ji JJ, Sun QM, Nie DY, Wang Q, Zhang H, Qin FF, Wang QS, Lu SF, Pang GM, Lu ZG. Probiotics protect against RSV infection by modulating the microbiota-alveolar-macrophage axis. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2021; 42:1630-1641. [PMID: 33495515 PMCID: PMC8463687 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-00573-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is leading cause of respiratory tract infections in early childhood. Gut microbiota is closely related with the pulmonary antiviral immunity. Recent evidence shows that gut dysbiosis is involved in the pathogenesis of RSV infection. Therefore; pharmacological and therapeutic strategies aiming to readjust the gut dysbiosis are increasingly important for the treatment of RSV infection. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic effects of a probiotic mixture on RSV-infected mice. This probiotic mixture consisted of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 and VSL#3 was orally administered to neonatal mice on a daily basis either for 1 week in advance or for 3 days starting from the day of RSV infection. We showed that administration of the probiotics protected against RSV-induced lung pathology by suppressing RSV infection and exerting an antiviral response via alveolar macrophage (AM)-derived IFN-β. Furthermore, administration of the probiotics reversed gut dysbiosis and significantly increased the abundance of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria in RSV-infected mice, which consequently led to elevated serum SCFA levels. Moreover, administration of the probiotics restored lung microbiota in RSV-infected mice. We demonstrated that the increased production of IFN-β in AMs was attributed to the increased acetate in circulation and the levels of Corynebacterium and Lactobacillus in lungs. In conclusion, we reveal that probiotics protect against RSV infection in neonatal mice through a microbiota-AM axis, suggesting that the probiotics may be a promising candidate to prevent and treat RSV infection, and deserve more research and development in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Jian Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Qin-Mei Sun
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Deng-Yun Nie
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Qian Wang
- International Education College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210000, China
| | - Han Zhang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Fen-Fen Qin
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Qi-Sheng Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Sheng-Feng Lu
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Guo-Ming Pang
- Kaifeng Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kaifeng, 475000, China.
| | - Zhi-Gang Lu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- International Education College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210000, China.
- Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- Kaifeng Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kaifeng, 475000, China.
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Chrzastek K, Leng J, Zakaria MK, Bialy D, La Ragione R, Shelton H. Low pathogenic avian influenza virus infection retards colon microbiota diversification in two different chicken lines. Anim Microbiome 2021; 3:64. [PMID: 34583770 PMCID: PMC8479891 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-021-00128-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A commensal microbiota regulates and is in turn regulated by viruses during host infection which can influence virus infectivity. In this study, analysis of colon microbiota population changes following a low pathogenicity avian influenza virus (AIV) of the H9N2 subtype infection of two different chicken breeds was conducted. METHODS Colon samples were taken from control and infected groups at various timepoints post infection. 16S rRNA sequencing on an Illumina MiSeq platform was performed on the samples and the data mapped to operational taxonomic units of bacterial using a QIIME based pipeline. Microbial community structure was then analysed in each sample by number of observed species and phylogenetic diversity of the population. RESULTS We found reduced microbiota alpha diversity in the acute period of AIV infection (day 2-3) in both Rhode Island Red and VALO chicken lines. From day 4 post infection a gradual increase in diversity of the colon microbiota was observed, but the diversity did not reach the same level as in uninfected chickens by day 10 post infection, suggesting that AIV infection retards the natural accumulation of colon microbiota diversity, which may further influence chicken health following recovery from infection. Beta diversity analysis indicated a bacterial species diversity difference between the chicken lines during and following acute influenza infection but at phylum and bacterial order level the colon microbiota dysbiosis was similar in the two different chicken breeds. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that H9N2 influenza A virus impacts the chicken colon microbiota in a predictable way that could be targeted via intervention to protect or mitigate disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joy Leng
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Disease, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Mohammad Khalid Zakaria
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey, UK
- University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK
| | - Dagmara Bialy
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey, UK
| | - Roberto La Ragione
- Department of Pathology and Infectious Disease, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Holly Shelton
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey, UK.
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Protective effects of gut microbiota and gut microbiota-derived acetate on chicken colibacillosis induced by avian pathogenic Escherichia coli. Vet Microbiol 2021; 261:109187. [PMID: 34399296 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chicken colibacillosis is caused by avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC), and results in huge economic losses to the poultry industry. With the investigation of the gut-lung axis, more studies have demonstrated the important role of gut microbiota in lung inflammation. The precise role of the gut microbiota in chickens-associated colibacillosis, however, is unknown. Thus, this study assessed the function of the gut microbiota in the chicken defense against APEC infection. Chicken gut microbiota was depleted by drinking water with a mixture of antibiotics (Abx), and subsequently, a model of colibacillosis was established by the intranasal perfusion of APEC. The results showed that gut microbiota protects the chicken challenge by APEC from aggravated lung histopathologic injury, up-regulated pro-inflammatory cytokine production, and increased bacterial load in lung tissues compared with controls. In addition, the air-blood barrier permeability was significantly increased in gut microbiota-depleted chickens compared to the control chickens after challenge with APEC. Furthermore, feeding acetate significantly inhibited the lung inflammatory response and the reduced air-blood permeability induced by APEC infection. The expression of free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFAR2), a receptor for acetate, was also increased in the lung after treatment with acetate. In conclusion, depletion of the gut microbiota resulted in increased susceptibility of chickens to APEC challenge, and gut microbiota derived acetate acted as a protective mediator during the APEC challenge. Novel therapeutic targets that focus on the gut microbiota may be effective in controlling colibacillosis in poultry.
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Ngunjiri JM, Taylor KJM, Ji H, Abundo MC, Ghorbani A, Kc M, Lee CW. Influenza A virus infection in turkeys induces respiratory and enteric bacterial dysbiosis correlating with cytokine gene expression. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11806. [PMID: 34327060 PMCID: PMC8310620 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Turkey respiratory and gut microbiota play important roles in promoting health and production performance. Loss of microbiota homeostasis due to pathogen infection can worsen the disease or predispose the bird to infection by other pathogens. While turkeys are highly susceptible to influenza viruses of different origins, the impact of influenza virus infection on turkey gut and respiratory microbiota has not been demonstrated. In this study, we investigated the relationships between low pathogenicity avian influenza (LPAI) virus replication, cytokine gene expression, and respiratory and gut microbiota disruption in specific-pathogen-free turkeys. Differential replication of two LPAI H5N2 viruses paralleled the levels of clinical signs and cytokine gene expression. During active virus shedding, there was significant increase of ileal and nasal bacterial contents, which inversely corresponded with bacterial species diversity. Spearman’s correlation tests between bacterial abundance and local viral titers revealed that LPAI virus-induced dysbiosis was strongest in the nasal cavity followed by trachea, and weakest in the gut. Significant correlations were also observed between cytokine gene expression levels and relative abundances of several bacteria in tracheas of infected turkeys. For example, interferon γ/λ and interleukin-6 gene expression levels were correlated positively with Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas abundances, and negatively with Lactobacillus abundance. Overall, our data suggest a potential relationship where bacterial community diversity and enrichment or depletion of several bacterial genera in the gut and respiratory tract are dependent on the level of LPAI virus replication. Further work is needed to establish whether respiratory and enteric dysbiosis in LPAI virus-infected turkeys is a result of host immunological responses or other causes such as changes in nutritional uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Ngunjiri
- Center for Food Animal Health, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States of America
| | - Kara J M Taylor
- Center for Food Animal Health, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States of America.,Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Hana Ji
- Center for Food Animal Health, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States of America.,Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Michael C Abundo
- Center for Food Animal Health, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States of America
| | - Amir Ghorbani
- Center for Food Animal Health, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States of America.,Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Mahesh Kc
- Center for Food Animal Health, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States of America.,Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America.,Center for Vaccines and Immunity, Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Chang-Won Lee
- Center for Food Animal Health, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, United States of America.,Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America
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34
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Arafat N, Abd El Rahman S, Naguib D, El-Shafei RA, Abdo W, Eladl AH. Co-infection of Salmonella enteritidis with H9N2 avian influenza virus in chickens. Avian Pathol 2021; 49:496-506. [PMID: 32835500 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2020.1778162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Salmonella and avian influenza virus are important pathogens affecting the poultry industry and human health worldwide. In this experimental study, we evaluated the consequences of co-infection of Salmonella enteritidis (SE) with H9N2 avian influenza virus (H9N2-AIV) in chickens. Four groups were included: control group, H9N2-AIV group, H9N2-AIV + SE group, and SE group. Infected chickens were intranasally inoculated with H9N2-AIV at 21 days of age and then orally administered SE on the same day. The birds were monitored for clinical signs, mortality rates, and alterations in body weight. Sera, intestinal fluids, oropharyngeal, and cloacal swabs, and tissue samples were collected at 2, 6, 10, and 14 days post-infection (dpi). Significant increases in clinical signs and mortality rates were observed in the H9N2-AIV + SE group. Moreover, chickens with co-infection showed a significant change in body weight. SE faecal shedding and organ colonization were significantly higher in the H9N2-AIV + SE group than in the SE group. H9N2-AIV infection compromised the systemic and mucosal immunity against SE, as evidenced by a significant decrease in lymphoid organ indices as well as systemic antibody and intestinal immunoglobulin A (IgA) responses to SE and a significant increase in splenic and bursal lesion scores. Moreover, SE infection significantly increased shedding titres and duration of H9N2-AIV. In conclusion, this is the first report of co-infection of SE with H9N2-AIV in chickens, which leads to increased pathogenicity, SE faecal shedding and organ colonization, and H9N2-AIV shedding titre and duration, resulting in substantial economic losses and environmental contamination, ultimately leading to increased zoonoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagah Arafat
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Sahar Abd El Rahman
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Doaa Naguib
- Department of Hygiene and Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Reham A El-Shafei
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Walied Abdo
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Abdelfattah H Eladl
- Department of Poultry Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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35
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Shah T, Baloch Z, Shah Z, Cui X, Xia X. The Intestinal Microbiota: Impacts of Antibiotics Therapy, Colonization Resistance, and Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126597. [PMID: 34202945 PMCID: PMC8235228 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Trillions of microbes exist in the human body, particularly the gastrointestinal tract, coevolved with the host in a mutually beneficial relationship. The main role of the intestinal microbiome is the fermentation of non-digestible substrates and increased growth of beneficial microbes that produce key antimicrobial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids, etc., to inhibit the growth of pathogenic microbes besides other functions. Intestinal microbiota can prevent pathogen colonization through the mechanism of colonization resistance. A wide range of resistomes are present in both beneficial and pathogenic microbes. Giving antibiotic exposure to the intestinal microbiome (both beneficial and hostile) can trigger a resistome response, affecting colonization resistance. The following review provides a mechanistic overview of the intestinal microbiome and the impacts of antibiotic therapy on pathogen colonization and diseases. Further, we also discuss the epidemiology of immunocompromised patients who are at high risk for nosocomial infections, colonization and decolonization of multi-drug resistant organisms in the intestine, and the direct and indirect mechanisms that govern colonization resistance to the pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taif Shah
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China;
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax Notoginseng, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Zulqarnain Baloch
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China;
- Correspondence: (Z.B.); (X.C.); (X.X.)
| | - Zahir Shah
- Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, College of Veterinary Sciences, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan;
| | - Xiuming Cui
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China;
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Panax Notoginseng, Kunming 650500, China
- Correspondence: (Z.B.); (X.C.); (X.X.)
| | - Xueshan Xia
- Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China;
- Correspondence: (Z.B.); (X.C.); (X.X.)
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36
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Mach N, Baranowski E, Nouvel LX, Citti C. The Airway Pathobiome in Complex Respiratory Diseases: A Perspective in Domestic Animals. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:583600. [PMID: 34055660 PMCID: PMC8160460 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.583600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory infections in domestic animals are a major issue for veterinary and livestock industry. Pathogens in the respiratory tract share their habitat with a myriad of commensal microorganisms. Increasing evidence points towards a respiratory pathobiome concept, integrating the dysbiotic bacterial communities, the host and the environment in a new understanding of respiratory disease etiology. During the infection, the airway microbiota likely regulates and is regulated by pathogens through diverse mechanisms, thereby acting either as a gatekeeper that provides resistance to pathogen colonization or enhancing their prevalence and bacterial co-infectivity, which often results in disease exacerbation. Insight into the complex interplay taking place in the respiratory tract between the pathogens, microbiota, the host and its environment during infection in domestic animals is a research field in its infancy in which most studies are focused on infections from enteric pathogens and gut microbiota. However, its understanding may improve pathogen control and reduce the severity of microbial-related diseases, including those with zoonotic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Mach
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut National de Recherche Pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), AgroParisTech, Génétique Animale et Biologie Intégrative, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Eric Baranowski
- Interactions Hôtes-Agents Pathogènes (IHAP), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Laurent Xavier Nouvel
- Interactions Hôtes-Agents Pathogènes (IHAP), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Toulouse, France
| | - Christine Citti
- Interactions Hôtes-Agents Pathogènes (IHAP), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, Toulouse, France
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37
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A meta-analysis reveals the effectiveness of probiotics and prebiotics against respiratory viral infection. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:227885. [PMID: 33604601 PMCID: PMC7955103 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20203638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental experience suggests that microbial agents including probiotics and prebiotics (representative microbial agents) play a critical role in defending against respiratory virus infection. We aim to systematically examine these agents' effect on respiratory viral infection and encourage research into clinical applications. An electronic literature search was conducted from published data with a combination of a microbial agents search component containing synonyms for microbial agents-related terms and a customized search component for respiratory virus infection. Hazard ratio (HR), risk ratio (RR) and standard deviation (SD) were employed as effect estimates. In 45 preclinical studies, the mortality rates decreased in the respiratory viral infection models that included prebiotics or prebiotics as interventions (HR: 0.70; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.56-0.87; P=0.002). There was a significant decrease in viral load due to improved gut microbiota (SD: -1.22; 95% CI: -1.50 to -0.94; P<0.001). Concentrations of interferon (IFN)-α (SD: 1.05; 95% CI: 0.33-1.77; P=0.004), IFN-γ (SD: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.01-1.65; P=0.05) and interleukin (IL)-12 (SD: 2.42; 95% CI: 0.32-4.52; P=0.02), IL-1β (SD: 0.01; 95% CI: -0.37 to 0.40; P=0.94) increased, whereas those of TNF-α (SD: -0.58; 95% CI: -1.59 to 0.43; P=0.26) and IL-6 (SD: -0.59; 95% CI: -1.24 to 0.07; P=0.08) decreased. Six clinical studies had lower symptom scores (SD: -0.09; 95% CI: -0.44 to 0.26; P=0.61) and less incidence of infection (RR: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.64-1.01; P=0.06). Our research indicates that probiotics and prebiotics pose a defensive possibility on respiratory viral infection and may encourage the clinical application.
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38
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Cui Y, Han C, Li S, Geng Y, Wei Y, Shi W, Bao Y. High-throughput sequencing-based analysis of the intestinal microbiota of broiler chickens fed with compound small peptides of Chinese medicine. Poult Sci 2021; 100:100897. [PMID: 33518313 PMCID: PMC7936118 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.11.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of compound small peptides of Chinese medicine (CSPCM) on the intestinal microbiota of broilers. A total of thirty-six 1-day-old Arbor Acres broilers were assigned to 6 dietary treatments that include 250, 500, and 750 g/T of CSPCM in feed, 100 g/T of Bacillus subtilis and Clostridium butyricum in feed, and 100 g/T of 50,000 IU xylanase in feed. Each treatment had 2 replicates with 2 cages (3 birds per cage). The jejunal digesta samples were collected from chickens at 42 d. Operational taxonomic unit analysis showed that adding CSPCM at a concentration of 750 g/T of feed can increase the number of operational taxonomic unit samples than other groups. Compared with the control group, adding 250 g/T of CSPCM of feed can improve content of Lactobacillus, Cupriavidus, Ochrobactrum, Candidatus_Arthromitus, Acinetobacter, and Sphingomonas. Adding 500 g/T of CSPCM in feed resulted in varying degrees of improvement in Candidatus_Arthromitus, Acinetobacter, and Sphingomonas. Adding 750 g/T of CSPCM in feed can increase the content of Lactobacillus and Candidatus_Arthromitus. In PICRUSt function prediction analysis, CSPCM acts on the body by creating an environment suitable for the growth of beneficial bacteria. Adding 250 g/T of CSPCM in feed can improve amino acid metabolism, endocrine system function, membrane transport, and cell mobility function. Adding 500 g/T of CSPCM in feed can improve replication and repair and membrane transport function. Adding 750 g/T of CSPCM in feed can increase carbohydrate metabolism, replication and repair, and membrane transport function. Adding B. subtilis and C. butyricum in feed increased replication and repair and membrane transport function. Adding xylanase in feed increased membrane transport function. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that dietary supplementation of CSPCM to broiler diets increased beneficial flora content, metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acid metabolism, the deposition of proteins, renewal of bacteria, and maintenance of vigorous vitality. Among the 3 additive quantities of 250 g/t, 500 g/t, and 750 g/t of CSPCM in feed, 250 g/t of CSPCM improved parameters that are necessary for improved growth and production.
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Affiliation(s)
- YuQing Cui
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Chao Han
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - ShuYing Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - YuMeng Geng
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - YuanYuan Wei
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - WanYu Shi
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China; Hebei Provincial Engineering Center for Chinese Veterinary Herbal Medicine, Baoding, China.
| | - YongZhan Bao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China; Hebei Provincial Engineering Center for Chinese Veterinary Herbal Medicine, Baoding, China
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Thibault R, Coëffier M, Joly F, Bohé J, Schneider SM, Déchelotte P. How the Covid-19 epidemic is challenging our practice in clinical nutrition-feedback from the field. Eur J Clin Nutr 2021; 75:407-416. [PMID: 32939042 PMCID: PMC7492685 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-020-00757-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The viral epidemic caused by the new Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for the new Coronavirus disease-2019 (Covid-19). Fifteen percent of the Covid-19 patients will require hospital stay, and 10% of them will need urgent respiratory and hemodynamic support in the intensive care unit (ICU). Covid-19 is an infectious disease characterized by inflammatory syndrome, itself leading to reduced food intake and increased muscle catabolism. Therefore Covid-19 patients are at high risk of being malnourished, making the prevention of malnutrition and the nutritional management key aspects of care. Urgent, brutal and massive arrivals of patients needing urgent respiratory care and artificial ventilation lead to the necessity to reorganize hospital care, wards and staff. In that context, nutritional screening and care may not be considered a priority. Moreover, at the start of the epidemic, due to mask and other protecting material shortage, the risk of healthcare givers contamination have led to not using enteral nutrition, although indicated, because nasogastric tube insertion is an aerosol-generating procedure. Clinical nutrition practice based on the international guidelines should therefore adapt and the use of degraded procedures could unfortunately be the only way. Based on the experience from the first weeks of the epidemic in France, we emphasize ten challenges for clinical nutrition practice. The objective is to bring objective answers to the most frequently met issues to help the clinical nutrition caregivers to promote nutritional care in the hospitalized Covid-19 patient. We propose a flow chart for optimizing the nutrition management of the Covid-19 patients in the non-ICU wards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronan Thibault
- Unité de Nutrition, INRAE, INSERM, Nutrition Métabolismes et Cancer, NuMeCan, CHU Rennes, Univ Rennes, Rennes, France.
| | - Moïse Coëffier
- Département de Nutrition-CIC1404, CHU Rouen, UNIROUEN, Inserm UMR, Normandie Univ, 1073, Rouen, France
| | - Francisca Joly
- Gastroentérologie, MICI, et Assistance Nutritive, AP-HP, Université de Paris, Inserm UMR 1149, F-92110, Clichy, France
| | - Julien Bohé
- Service d'anesthésie-Réanimation-Médecine intensive, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, France
| | | | - Pierre Déchelotte
- Département de Nutrition-CIC1404, CHU Rouen, UNIROUEN, Inserm UMR, Normandie Univ, 1073, Rouen, France
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40
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Wang J, Ishfaq M, Li J. Lactobacillus salivarius ameliorated Mycoplasma gallisepticum-induced inflammatory injury and secondary Escherichia coli infection in chickens: Involvement of intestinal microbiota. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2021; 233:110192. [PMID: 33476924 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2021.110192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) infection alone or in combination with other pathogens have brought huge economic losses to the poultry industry. The intestinal microbiota plays a critical role in host defence against respiratory infection. To explore the role of intestinal microbiota in MG-induced inflammation-mediated lung injury and secondary Escherichia coli infection, MG infection model and fecal microbiota transplantation model were developed. The results showed that MG infection changed gut microbiota composition along with lung inflammation injury. Fecal microbiota transplantation from chickens infected with MG to antibiotics cocktail treated chickens decreased host defense against Escherichia coli due to impaired intestinal mucosal barrier, downregulated the mRNA expression levels of host defense enzymes and blocked autophagic flux. Lactobacillus salivarius intake alleviated lung inflammation injury caused by MG infection and increased host defense against Escherichia coli by improved gut microbiota composition. These results highlighted the role of gut microbiota in MG-infection induced lung inflammation injury and secondary infection that offered a new strategy for preventive intervention against MG infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, PR China
| | - Muhammad Ishfaq
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, PR China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, PR China.
| | - Jichang Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, PR China; Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, PR China.
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41
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Ran C, Li Y, Ma X, Xie Y, Xie M, Zhang Y, Zhou W, Yang Y, Zhang Z, Zhou L, Wei K, Zhou Z. Interactions between commensal bacteria and viral infection: insights for viral disease control in farmed animals. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2021; 64:1437-1448. [PMID: 33420920 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-020-1721-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Viral diseases cause serious economic loss in farmed animals industry. However, the efficacy of remedies for viral infection in farmed animals is limited, and treatment strategies are generally lacking for aquatic animals. Interactions of commensal microbiota and viral infection have been studied in recent years, demonstrating a third player in the interaction between hosts and viruses. Here, we discuss recent developments in the research of interactions between commensal bacteria and viral infection, including both promotion and inhibition effect of commensal bacteria on viral pathogenesis, as well as the impact of viral infection on commensal microbiota. The antiviral effect of commensal bacteria is mostly achieved through priming or regulation of the host immune responses, involving differential microbial components and host signaling pathways, and gives rise to various antiviral probiotics. Moreover, we summarize studies related to the interaction between commensal bacteria and viral infection in farmed animals, including pigs, chickens, fish and invertebrate species. Further studies in this area will deepen our understanding of antiviral immunity of farmed animals in the context of commensal microbiota, and promote the development of novel strategies for treatment of viral diseases in farmed animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Ran
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yu Li
- Sino-Norway Joint Lab on Fish Gut Microbiota, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xufa Ma
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yadong Xie
- Sino-Norway Joint Lab on Fish Gut Microbiota, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Mingxu Xie
- Sino-Norway Joint Lab on Fish Gut Microbiota, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- Sino-Norway Joint Lab on Fish Gut Microbiota, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Sino-Norway Joint Lab on Fish Gut Microbiota, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yalin Yang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Kaijian Wei
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Zhigang Zhou
- Sino-Norway Joint Lab on Fish Gut Microbiota, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Sadiq FA. Is it time for microbiome-based therapies in viral infections? Virus Res 2021; 291:198203. [PMID: 33132161 PMCID: PMC7580679 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Infectious diseases related to viruses, as well as bacterial pathogens, abound in all parts of the world, burdening health and economy. Thus, there is a dire need to find new prevention and treatment strategies to improve clinical practices related to viral infections. Human gut contains trillions of bacteria which have regulatory roles in immune development, homeostasis, and body metabolism. Today, it is difficult to find any prominent viral infection that hasn't had any link with the human gut microbiota. In this opinion-based review article, I argued the significance of manipulating human gut microbiota as novel therapeutics through probiotics or FMT in alleviating complexities related to viral infections, and pinpointed bottlenecks involved in this research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faizan Ahmed Sadiq
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, China,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 1800 Lihu Avenue, 214122, China
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Alqazlan N, Astill J, Taha-Abdelaziz K, Nagy É, Bridle B, Sharif S. Probiotic Lactobacilli Enhance Immunogenicity of an Inactivated H9N2 Influenza Virus Vaccine in Chickens. Viral Immunol 2020; 34:86-95. [PMID: 33236974 DOI: 10.1089/vim.2020.0209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian influenza viruses (AIVs) infect a wide range of hosts, including humans and many avian species. Efforts have been made to control this pathogen in chickens using vaccination programs, but that has been met with varying degrees of success. Therefore, identification of more efficacious vaccination strategies is warranted. This study was undertaken to investigate the potential effects of probiotics on the immunogenicity of a beta-propiolactone-whole inactivated virus (WIV) vaccine of H9N2 subtype adjuvanted with the Toll-like receptor-21 ligand, CpG oligodeoxynucleotides 2007 (CpG). Eighty-four 1-day-old White Leghorn layers were allocated into six groups. Two out of six groups received a mixture of probiotic Lactobacillus spp. (PROB) biweekly from days 1 35 of age. Chickens were intramuscularly vaccinated with WIV either alone or adjuvanted with AddaVax™ (WIV+Add) or CpG (WIV+CpG), and one group received saline (phosphate-buffered saline). Primary and secondary vaccinations occurred at days 14 and 28 of age, respectively. The results revealed that the group that received probiotics and was vaccinated with CpG-adjuvanted WIV H9N2 vaccine had higher hemagglutination inhibition titers than the other treatment groups at days 14 and 21 postprimary vaccination. Probiotics did not induce higher IgM or IgY titers in chickens receiving the WIV vaccine only. Concerning their effect on cell-mediated immune responses, probiotics enhanced interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) gene expression and significantly increased secretion of IFN-γ protein by splenocytes in chickens vaccinated with CpG-adjuvanted WIV H9N2. Together, these findings suggest the use of probiotics to enhance the immunogenicity of CpG-adjuvanted WIV H9N2 vaccines. Additional studies are required to better understand the specific interactions between probiotics and the gut microbiota and different types of cells of the gastrointestinal tract to decipher the underlying mechanisms of how probiotics modulate immune responses to vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadiyah Alqazlan
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jake Astill
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Khaled Taha-Abdelaziz
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.,Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Éva Nagy
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Byram Bridle
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shayan Sharif
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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44
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Zhang X, Zhao Q, Ci X, Chen S, Chen L, Lian J, Xie Z, Ye Y, Lv H, Li H, Lin W, Zhang H, Xie Q. Effect of Baicalin on Bacterial Secondary Infection and Inflammation Caused by H9N2 AIV Infection in Chickens. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:2524314. [PMID: 33294434 PMCID: PMC7691011 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2524314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus (H9N2 AIV) is a low pathogenic virus that is widely prevalent all over the world. H9N2 AIV causes immunosuppression in the host and often leads to high rates of mortality due to secondary infection with Escherichia. Due to the drug resistance of bacteria, many antibiotics are not effective in the treatment of secondary bacterial infection. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to find effective nonantibiotic drugs for the treatment of H9N2 AIV infection-induced secondary bacterial infection and inflammation. This study proves, for the first time, that baicalin, a Chinese herbal medicine, can regulate Lactobacillus to replace Escherichia induced by H9N2 AIV, so as to resolve the intestinal flora disorder. In addition, baicalin can effectively prevent intestinal bacterial translocation of SPF chickens' post-H9N2 AIV infection, thus inhibiting secondary bacterial infection. Furthermore, baicalin can effectively treat H9N2 AIV-induced inflammation by inhibiting intestinal structural damage, inhibiting damage to ileal mucus layer construction and tight junctions, improving antioxidant capacity, affecting blood biochemical indexes, and inhibiting the production of inflammatory cytokines. Taken together, these results provide a new theoretical basis for clinical prevention and control of H9N2 AIV infection-induced secondary bacterial infection and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinheng Zhang
- Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture & Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, China
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qiqi Zhao
- Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture & Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaotong Ci
- Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture & Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Sheng Chen
- Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture & Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Liyi Chen
- Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture & Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, China
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jiamin Lian
- Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture & Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, China
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zi Xie
- Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture & Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, China
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yaqiong Ye
- College of Life Science and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan 528231, China
| | - Huiyuan Lv
- Beijing Center Biology CO., LTD., Beijing 100000, China
| | - Hongxin Li
- Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture & Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, China
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wencheng Lin
- Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture & Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, China
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Huanmin Zhang
- USDA, Agriculture Research Service, Avian Disease and Oncology Laboratory, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA
| | - Qingmei Xie
- Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture & Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou 510642, China
- South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou 510642, China
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45
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Zhang X, Zhao Q, Wu C, Xie Z, Ci X, Li H, Lin W, Zhang H, Xie Q. Nitrate Is Crucial for the Proliferation of Gut Escherichia coli Caused by H9N2 AIV Infection and Effective Regulation by Chinese Herbal Medicine Ageratum-Liquid. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:555739. [PMID: 33193136 PMCID: PMC7662154 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.555739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV) infection in chickens is often accompanied by secondary bacterial infection, but the mechanism is unclear. The aim of the present study was to reveal that mechanism and explore non-antibiotic treatment. 16s rRNA sequencing and metabonomics were performed in the intestinal contents of chickens infected with H9N2 AIV or H9N2 AIV and fed with ageratum-liquid (AL) to reveal the metabolite that promote intestinal Escherichia coli (E. coli) proliferation caused by H9N2 AIV, as well as to determine the regulatory effect of AL. It was found that H9N2 AIV infection led E. coli to become the dominant gut microbe and promoted E. coli translocation from the intestinal tract to the visceral tissue through the damaged intestinal barrier. H9N2 AIV infection induces inflammation in the intestinal mucosa and promotes the secretion and release of nitrate from the host intestinal epithelium. In addition, nitrate promoted E. coli proliferation in the inflamed intestinal tract following H9N2 AIV infection. Furthermore, Chinese herbal medicine AL can restore intestinal homeostasis, inhibit the production of nitrate in the intestinal epithelium and effectively prevent the proliferation and translocation of E. coli in the intestines. This is the first report on the mechanism of E. coli secondary infection induced by H9N2 AIV, where herbal medicine AL was shown to have a good preventive effect on the secondary infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinheng Zhang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou, China.,South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiqi Zhao
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou, China.,South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou, China
| | - Che Wu
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zi Xie
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou, China.,South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaotong Ci
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongxin Li
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou, China.,South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wencheng Lin
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou, China.,South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huanmin Zhang
- USDA, Agriculture Research Service, Avian Disease and Oncology Laboratory, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Qingmei Xie
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Lingnan Guangdong Laboratory of Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Vector Vaccine of Animal Virus, Guangzhou, China.,South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Poultry Disease Control and Product Safety, Guangzhou, China
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46
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Probiotics in Treatment of Viral Respiratory Infections and Neuroinflammatory Disorders. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25214891. [PMID: 33105830 PMCID: PMC7660077 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25214891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a biological response to the activation of the immune system by various infectious or non-infectious agents, which may lead to tissue damage and various diseases. Gut commensal bacteria maintain a symbiotic relationship with the host and display a critical function in the homeostasis of the host immune system. Disturbance to the gut microbiota leads to immune dysfunction both locally and at distant sites, which causes inflammatory conditions not only in the intestine but also in the other organs such as lungs and brain, and may induce a disease state. Probiotics are well known to reinforce immunity and counteract inflammation by restoring symbiosis within the gut microbiota. As a result, probiotics protect against various diseases, including respiratory infections and neuroinflammatory disorders. A growing body of research supports the beneficial role of probiotics in lung and mental health through modulating the gut-lung and gut-brain axes. In the current paper, we discuss the potential role of probiotics in the treatment of viral respiratory infections, including the COVID-19 disease, as major public health crisis in 2020, and influenza virus infection, as well as treatment of neurological disorders like multiple sclerosis and other mental illnesses.
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47
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Is a healthy microbiome responsible for lower mortality in COVID-19? Biologia (Bratisl) 2020; 76:819-829. [PMID: 33078028 PMCID: PMC7557238 DOI: 10.2478/s11756-020-00614-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of an ongoing pandemic with significant case fatality ratio (CFR) worldwide. Although SARS-CoV-2 primarily causes respiratory infection by binding to ACE2 receptors present on alveolar epithelial cells, studies have been published linking the disease to the small intestine enterocytes and its microbiome. Dysbiosis of microbiome, mainly intestinal and lung, can affect the course of the disease. Environmental factors, such as reduced intake of commensal bacteria from the environment or their products in the diet, play an important role in microbiome formation, which can significantly affect the immune response. In elderly, obese or chronically ill people, the microbiota is often damaged. Therefore, we speculate that a good microbiome may be one of the factors responsible for lower CFR from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). An approach using tailored nutrition and supplements known to improve the intestinal microbiota and its immune function might help minimize the impact of the disease at least on people at higher risk from coronavirus.
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48
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Probiotic Lactobacilli Limit Avian Influenza Virus Subtype H9N2 Replication in Chicken Cecal Tonsil Mononuclear Cells. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8040605. [PMID: 33066282 PMCID: PMC7712974 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8040605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Low pathogenic avian influenza virus (LPAIV) H9N2 poses significant threat to animal and human health. The growing interest in beneficial effects of probiotic bacteria on host immune system has led to research efforts studying their interaction with cells of host immune system. However, the role of lactobacilli in inducing antiviral responses in lymphoid tissue cells requires further investigation. The objective of the present study was to examine the antiviral and immunostimulatory effects of lactobacilli bacteria on chicken cecal tonsils (CT) cells against H9N2 LPAIV. CT mononuclear cells were stimulated with probiotic Lactobacillus spp mixture either alone or in combination with a Toll-like receptor (TLR)21 ligand, CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG). Pre-treatment of CT cells with probiotic lactobacilli, alone or in combination with CpG, significantly reduced H9N2 LPAIV replication. Furthermore, lactobacilli alone elicited cytokine expression, including IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-12, and IL-10, while when combined with CpG, a significantly higher expression of (interferon-stimulated gene (viperin)), IL-12, IL-6, CXCLi2, and IL-1β was observed. However, none of these treatments induced significant changes in nitric oxide production by CT cells. In conclusion, probiotic lactobacilli demonstrated a modulatory effect on CT cells, and this correlated with enhanced antiviral immunity and reduced H9N2 LPAIV viral replication.
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49
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Tiwari SK, Dicks LMT, Popov IV, Karaseva A, Ermakov AM, Suvorov A, Tagg JR, Weeks R, Chikindas ML. Probiotics at War Against Viruses: What Is Missing From the Picture? Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1877. [PMID: 32973697 PMCID: PMC7468459 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Our world is now facing a multitude of novel infectious diseases. Bacterial infections are treated with antibiotics, albeit with increasing difficulty as many of the more common causes of infection have now developed broad spectrum antimicrobial resistance. However, there is now an even greater challenge from both old and new viruses capable of causing respiratory, enteric, and urogenital infections. Reports of viruses resistant to frontline therapeutic drugs are steadily increasing and there is an urgent need to develop novel antiviral agents. Although this all makes sense, it seems rather strange that relatively little attention has been given to the antiviral capabilities of probiotics. Over the years, beneficial strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been successfully used to treat gastrointestinal, oral, and vaginal infections, and some can also effect a reduction in serum cholesterol levels. Some probiotics prevent gastrointestinal dysbiosis and, by doing so, reduce the risk of developing secondary infections. Other probiotics exhibit anti-tumor and immunomodulating properties, and in some studies, antiviral activities have been reported for probiotic bacteria and/or their metabolites. Unfortunately, the mechanistic basis of the observed beneficial effects of probiotics in countering viral infections is sometimes unclear. Interestingly, in COVID-19 patients, a clear decrease has been observed in cell numbers of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium spp., both of which are common sources of intestinal probiotics. The present review, specifically motivated by the need to implement effective new counters to SARS-CoV-2, focusses attention on viruses capable of co-infecting humans and other animals and specifically explores the potential of probiotic bacteria and their metabolites to intervene with the process of virus infection. The goal is to help to provide a more informed background for the planning of future probiotic-based antiviral research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Kumar Tiwari
- Department of Genetics, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, India,*Correspondence: Santosh Kumar Tiwari,
| | - Leon M. T. Dicks
- Department of Microbiology, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Igor V. Popov
- Center for Agro-Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioengineering and Veterinary Medicine, Don State Technical University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Alena Karaseva
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexey M. Ermakov
- Center for Agro-Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioengineering and Veterinary Medicine, Don State Technical University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia
| | - Alexander Suvorov
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg, Russia,Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Richard Weeks
- Health Promoting Naturals Laboratory, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Michael L. Chikindas
- Center for Agro-Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioengineering and Veterinary Medicine, Don State Technical University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia,Health Promoting Naturals Laboratory, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Brunswick, NJ, United States
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50
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Wan X, Xu L, Sun X, Li H, Yan F, Han R, Li H, Li Z, Tian Y, Liu X, Kang X, Wang Z, Wang Y. Gut microbiota profiles of commercial laying hens infected with tumorigenic viruses. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:218. [PMID: 32600312 PMCID: PMC7324990 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02430-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have shown that some viral infections cause structural changes in the intestinal microflora, but little is known about the effects of tumorigenic viral infection on the intestinal microflora of chickens. RESULTS A 29-week commercial layer flock positive for avian leukosis virus-J (ALV-J), Marek's disease virus (MDV) and avian reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) was selected, and fresh fecal samples were collected and examined for the composition of the gut microflora by Illumina sequencing of the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. The operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of the fecal microbiota differentiated the chickens infected with only ALV-J and those coinfected with ALV-J and MDV or REV from infection-negative chickens. The enrichment and diversity of cloacal microflora in chickens infected with ALV-J alone were slightly different from those in the infection-negative chickens. However, the diversity of cloacal microflora was significantly increased in chickens coinfected with both ALV-J and MDV or REV. CONCLUSIONS The intestinal microbiota was more strongly disturbed in chickens after coinfection with ALV-J and MDV or REV than after infection with ALV-J alone, and there may be underlying mechanisms by which the capacity for the stabilization of the intestinal flora was impaired due to viral infection and tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianhua Wan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000 China
| | - Laipeng Xu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000 China
| | - Xiangli Sun
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000 China
| | - Hui Li
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000 China
| | - Fengbin Yan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000 China
- Henan Research Center of Germplasm Resources for Poultry, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
| | - Ruili Han
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000 China
- Henan Research Center of Germplasm Resources for Poultry, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
| | - Hong Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000 China
- Henan Research Center of Germplasm Resources for Poultry, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
| | - Zhuanjian Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000 China
- Henan Research Center of Germplasm Resources for Poultry, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
| | - Yadong Tian
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000 China
- Henan Research Center of Germplasm Resources for Poultry, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
| | - Xiaojun Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000 China
- Henan Research Center of Germplasm Resources for Poultry, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
| | - Xiangtao Kang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000 China
- Henan Research Center of Germplasm Resources for Poultry, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
| | - Zhenya Wang
- Key Laboratory of “Runliang” Antiviral Medicines Research and Development, Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 China
| | - Yanbin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450000 China
- Henan Research Center of Germplasm Resources for Poultry, Zhengzhou, 450002 China
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