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Kumar V, Sharma A, Sharma N, Saini R, Dev K, El-Shazly M, Bari ABA. A review of botany, traditional applications, phytochemistry, pharmacological applications, and toxicology of Rubus ellipticus Smith fruits. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:4483-4497. [PMID: 38252298 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-02964-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Rubus ellipticus Smith. (Family Rosaceae), often known as the yellow Himalayan raspberry (Yellow Hissar), is one of the most widely used edible fruits in Indian folk medicinal systems. The current review aims to identify the gap between research and existing applications of this fruit to help scientists explore the current trends and opportunities for future development. Fruits of R. ellipticus are the source of several classes of compounds. Fruits of R. ellipticus are also rich in nutrients such as carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals. It has been shown to have significant medical value in a variety of studies, including as an anti-diabetic, nephroprotective, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, antitumor, wound healing, antifertility, oviposition deterrent, antibacterial, and antioxidant. Fruits of R. ellipticus have been the subject of several in vitro and in vivo investigations, all of which have corroborated their wide range of biological activities and demonstrated their potential for the identification of new therapeutic candidates and the development of innovative herbal food supplements. Additional mechanism-based pharmacological evaluation and clinical research should provide an adequate scientific basis for the traditional usage of R. ellipticus fruits, which is currently not sufficiently supported by the available research on its active components and molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Kumar
- University Institute of Bioengineering, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India.
- University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India.
| | - Ankita Sharma
- University Institute of Bioengineering, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India
- University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India
| | - Nitin Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Landran, Mohali, Punjab, 140307, India
| | - Rakshandha Saini
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Bajhol, PO Sultanpur, Distt. Solan, 173229, HP, India
| | - Kamal Dev
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Bajhol, PO Sultanpur, Distt. Solan, 173229, HP, India
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, 4543, USA
| | - Mohamed El-Shazly
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt.
| | - Ahamed Basha Abdul Bari
- Department of Physiology, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, 603103, Tamil Nadu, India
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Sik B, Ajtony Z, Lakatos E, Székelyhidi R. Wild Blackberry Fruit ( Rubus fruticosus L.) as Potential Functional Ingredient in Food: Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Optimization, Ripening Period Evaluation, Application in Muffin, and Consumer Acceptance. Foods 2024; 13:666. [PMID: 38472779 DOI: 10.3390/foods13050666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to evaluate the antioxidant properties of wild blackberry fruits as well as their possible use in powdered form as a functional ingredient. For this, ultrasound-assisted extraction optimization, ripening stage evaluation, and wild blackberry powder incorporation into a real food matrix were applied. The optimum conditions for extraction were as follows: 60% MeOH, 20 min of extraction time, acidification with 0.5% HCl, and a 1:40 g/mL solid-to-solvent ratio, which allowed the following yields: total polyphenol content (TPC): 53.8 mg GAE/g; total flavonoid content (TFC): 5.78 mg QE/g; total monomer anthocyanin content (TMA): 11.2 mg CGE/g; 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity (DPPH): 71.5 mg AAE/g; IC50: 52.3 µg/mL. The study also highlighted that, during the ripening process, the TPC (41.4%), TFC (17.0%), and DPPH levels (66.4%) of the fruits decreased while the TMA yield increased. The incorporation of blackberry powder at different levels (5-20%) increased the TPC, TFC, TMA, and antioxidant properties of muffins. Although the muffins enriched with 20% wild blackberry powder had the best chemical properties (TPC: 3.15 mg GAE/g; TFC: 0.52 mg QE/g; TMA: 0.23 mg CGE/g; DPPH: 1.70 mg AAE/g; IC50: 1.65 mg/mL), the sensory analysis showed that the addition of blackberry fruit at a concentration of 10% to the muffins resulted in the best consumer acceptability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrix Sik
- Department of Food Science, Albert Kázmér Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences of Széchenyi István University, 15-17 Lucsony Street, 9200 Mosonmagyaróvár, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Ajtony
- Department of Food Science, Albert Kázmér Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences of Széchenyi István University, 15-17 Lucsony Street, 9200 Mosonmagyaróvár, Hungary
| | - Erika Lakatos
- Department of Food Science, Albert Kázmér Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences of Széchenyi István University, 15-17 Lucsony Street, 9200 Mosonmagyaróvár, Hungary
| | - Rita Székelyhidi
- Department of Food Science, Albert Kázmér Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences of Széchenyi István University, 15-17 Lucsony Street, 9200 Mosonmagyaróvár, Hungary
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Qadir RU, Bhat IA, Javid H, Wani BA, Magray JA, Nawchoo IA, Gulzar S. Exploring morphological variability, in vitro antioxidant potential, and HR-LCMS phytochemical profiling of Phlomis cashmeriana Royle ex Benth. across different habitats of Kashmir Himalaya. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:241. [PMID: 38324063 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12338-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Phytochemicals are broadly acknowledged for their health-promoting effects owing to the fact of their capacity to counteract free radicals (e.g., superoxide anion radical, hydroxyl radical, hydroperoxyl radical, singlet oxygen, hypochlorite, and nitric oxide) and shield against oxidative stress induced by environmental factors. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between altitude, morphology, soil parameters, in vitro antioxidant potential and phytochemical composition of Phlomis cashmeriana collected from four different locations of Kashmir Himalaya characterized by diverse habitats and elevations. Various factors, such as extraction method, solvent polarity, and habitat conditions, can impact the quantity and efficacy of phytochemicals in plants. The aim of current study was to analyze phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity of P. cashmeriana, an important medicinal plant found in the Kashmir Himalaya region. The antioxidant activity was accessed using several assays and the plant populations were selected based on their diverse habitat features and altitudes. HR-LCMS was conducted for both below-ground and above-ground parts. Some important compounds such as, catechin, vinainsenoside, acutilobin, and kaempferol were reported for the first time from P. cashmeriana. Results showed that methanol was the most efficient solvent for extracting phytochemicals. During the current study, it was also found that the below-ground parts exhibited superior antioxidant activity compared to the above-ground parts. Notably, Site IV demonstrated the highest antioxidant potential; a positive correlation between altitude and antioxidant activity was also found. In conclusion, present research identified specific elite populations having highest antioxidant potential and are well-suited for large-scale cultivation of P. cashmeriana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roof Ul Qadir
- Pant Reproductive Biology, Genetic Diversity and Phytochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India
| | - Irshad Ahmad Bhat
- Plant Tissue Culture and Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India
| | - Hanan Javid
- Pant Reproductive Biology, Genetic Diversity and Phytochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India.
| | - Bilal Ahmad Wani
- Pant Reproductive Biology, Genetic Diversity and Phytochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India
| | - Junaid Ahmad Magray
- Pant Reproductive Biology, Genetic Diversity and Phytochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India
| | - Irshad A Nawchoo
- Pant Reproductive Biology, Genetic Diversity and Phytochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, 190006, India
| | - Shabana Gulzar
- Government College for Womens, Cluster University Srinagar, Maulana Azad Road, Srinagar, India
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Kumar M, Garkoti SC. People's Perception and Awareness towards Plant Invasion, Its Impacts on Forest Ecosystem Services and Livelihood: A Tale of Central Himalayas. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024:10.1007/s00267-024-01935-z. [PMID: 38265466 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-024-01935-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Plant invasion is a leading threat to biodiversity, ecosystem services and human wellbeing worldwide. In the central Himalayas intentionally or accidentally introduced invasive alien plant species (IAPS) facilitate their own establishment and spread, which is altering forest structure, vegetation composition, species diversity and livelihood. To understand the perception and awareness amongst local communities about invasive alien and native plants and its effect on local livelihood, a questionnaire-based study was conducted in 10 villages of Nainital district, Uttarakhand, India. Household data of 179 respondents were triangulated with key informants such as community leaders, teachers and older people. A majority of the respondents were found to be more familiar with the native species (Berberis asiatica, Pyracantha crenulata and Rubus ellipticus) than IAPS (Ageratina adenophora and Lantana camara). Both the IAPS negative impacts on native biodiversity, ecosystem services and livelihood. During the last two decades IAPS have encroached on various forests and caused a decrease in native species in the study area. According to the local perception, deforestation, forest fire, climate change, increased transport, light weight seed, no use and grazing etc. have been the main factors behind the spread of IAPS. A. adenophora invaded both chir pine (Pinus roxburghii) and banj oak (Quercus leucotrichophora) forests while L. camara remained more prominent in low elevation open canopy chir pine forest. Uprooting is the primary method used to control IAPS in crop fields and forests. The studied villages have not reported awareness and education programs about the IAPS. Our study demonstrates the wide range of perspectives on the threat posed by IAPS to forest ecosystems and natural resources. Education could help to raise awareness about the issue and could be beneficial in managing and controlling invasion in the Himalayan region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukesh Kumar
- School of Earth and Planetary Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar, 752050, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Satish Chandra Garkoti
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India.
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Tewari D, Bawari S, Sah AN, Sharma H, Joshi BC, Gupta P, Sharma VK. Himalayan Pyracantha crenulata (D.Don) M.Roem. leaf and fruit extracts alleviate algesia through COX-2 and Mu-opioid receptor mediated pathways. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:117004. [PMID: 37544342 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Pyracantha crenulata (D.Don) M.Roem., a plant of high nutritional and medicinal value is traditionally employed for its analgesic property in joint and body pain in the Kumaun region of Western Himalaya. AIM OF THE STUDY To validate the traditional claims for analgesic property of Pyracantha crenulata. METHODS Hydroethanolic extract of P. crenulata leaves and fruits were tested for their analgesic potential in rodent models for algesia by tail immersion test, tail flick test, Eddy's hot plate model, and formalin induced paw irritation test in Wistar rats. Molecular docking and dynamics studies were also performed to understand the possible mechanisms. RESULTS Both P. crenulata fruit extract and leaf extract exhibited significant amelioration in all the tested experimental models of algesia acting through central and peripheral mechanisms. The efficacy in reducing nociception was found comparable to diclofenac that was used as a reference standard. Molecular docking and dynamic simulation studies further established binding affinity of gallic acid (confirmed to be present in P. crenulata leaf extract through HPTLC profiling) with cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and mu-opioid receptors, suggesting the modulatory effect of these extracts on COX-2 and mu-opioid receptors in combating algesia. CONCLUSION P. crenulata extracts produce analgesic effects plausibly through COX-2 and mu-opioid receptor mediated pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devesh Tewari
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi, 110017, India.
| | - Sweta Bawari
- Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Campus, Sector-125, Noida, 201301, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Archana N Sah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Technology, Sir J.C. Bose Technical Campus, Bhimtal, Kumaun University, Nainital, 263136, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Himanshu Sharma
- Central Ayurveda Research Institute Under CCRAS, Gwalior Road, Jhansi, India
| | - Bhuwan Chandra Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Technology, Sir J.C. Bose Technical Campus, Bhimtal, Kumaun University, Nainital, 263136, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Pawan Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal's Institute of Pharmacy, Dhule, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Vishnu K Sharma
- Department of Pharmacoinformatics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Mohali, Punjab, 160062, India.
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Liu H, Cheng Z, Li J, Xie J. The dynamic changes in pigment metabolites provide a new understanding of the colouration of Pyracantha fortuneana at maturity. Food Res Int 2024; 175:113720. [PMID: 38129036 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The type, content and accumulation characteristics of pigments are the material basis for fruit colour and the evaluation basis of the fruit maturity and nutritional value of P. fortuneana. However, little information is available on the changes in carotenoids, anthocyanins, procyanidins and major flavones during the ripening process of P. fortuneana fruits. Thus, this study investigated the colour conversion characteristics, the main changes in the above four metabolites and the association landscape with those metabolites. The results showed that thirty-nine kinds of carotenoids and derivatives, eighteen anthocyanins, five procyanidins and five flavone compounds were identified in the fruits of P. fortuneana. The total content and contents of most individual carotenoids, anthocyanins, procyanidins and flavones reached the highest values at the TS2, TS4, TS1 and TS1 stages, respectively. Among the variations, the contents of β-carotene and lutein increased first and then decreased, cyanidin-3-galactoside and cyanidin-3-glucoside accumulated, the concentrations of procyanidin C1 and procyanidin B2 decreased, and the contents of rutin and quercetin-3-O-glucoside also decreased; these changers were responsible for the main changes in carotenoids, anthocyanidin, procyanidins and flavones, respectively. For the correlation analysis results, there might be two modes of action that together affected the colour conversion of P. fortuneana fruits during ripening, i.e., (E/Z)-phytoene communicated with the carotenoid metabolic pathway that might promote the accumulated ABA content, which might cause the increased anthocyanidin (primarily through cyanidin-3-(6-malonyl-beta-d-glucoside) (C3MG)) at the final stage; most of the decreased flavone and procyanidin metabolites produced by the flavonoid metabolic pathway were another important factor affecting the accumulation of C3MG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Research Center of Ecological Food Innovation, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Zhifei Cheng
- Basic Teaching Department, Guizhou Vocational College of Agriculture, Guizhou 551499, PR China
| | - Junliang Li
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Research Center of Ecological Food Innovation, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Jiao Xie
- The Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Guizhou Provincial Engineering Research Center of Ecological Food Innovation, School of Public Health, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, PR China.
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Kumari A, Prakash V, Gupta D, Kashyap L, Goyal R, Chopra H, Gautam RK, Chakraborty S, Chandran D, Dhama K. Identification and evaluation of antimicrobial and anti-arthritis activities of hydroethanolic extract of Rubus ellipticus leaves. NARRA J 2023; 3:e152. [PMID: 38455614 PMCID: PMC10919704 DOI: 10.52225/narra.v3i3.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Rubus ellipticus is a native plant to India's tropical and subtropical regions and has been used as a traditional medicinal. The aim of study was to identify and evaluate the antimicrobial and anti-arthritis activities of hydroethanolic extract of R. ellipticus leaves (HEERE). The leaves were collected from the Narkanda Valley, India and were shade-dried and finely ground to produce the powder. The hydroethanolic extract was utilized for phytochemical analysis to determine the existence of carbohydrate, phenolic, terpenoid, flavonoid, saponin, glycoside, tannin, protein, and alkaloid. The HEERE was futher analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for the characterization of the phytoconstituents. The antimicrobial activity was tested against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus as well as Aspergillus niger. To assess its anti-arthritic activities, different doses of HEERE were given orally to complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced albino Wistar rats for twenty-one days. The GC-MS analysis of hydroethanolic extracts from leaves detected and identified the presence of 33 phytochemical compounds. HEERE showed significant effects against E. coli, S. aureus, and A. niger strains at 600 ppm. Our data indicated that HEERE 200 mg/kg was more effective than 50 mg/kg as anti-arthritis. Paw volume, ankle-joint diameter, the number leucocytes, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were all significantly reduced in experimental rats. Furthermore, when compared to respective standard drugs, the body weight, erythrocyte, hemoglobin, and synobium healing effect have all improved. These data demonstrated the potential of R. ellipticus for the long-term investigation of antimicrobial and anti-arthritic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjana Kumari
- Department of Applied Sciences and Humanities, Ambala College of Enginnering and Applied Research, Devsthali, Ambala, India
| | - Vinit Prakash
- Department of Applied Sciences, Global Group of Institutes, Amritsar, India
| | - Dinesh Gupta
- Department of Silviculture and Forestry, University of Agriculture and Technology, Banda, India
| | - Lokender Kashyap
- Department of Agriculture, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Ambala, India
| | - Rajat Goyal
- MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Ambala, India
| | - Hitesh Chopra
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, India
| | | | - Sandip Chakraborty
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Agartala, India
| | - Deepak Chandran
- Department of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Amrita School of Agricultural Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India
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Lamichhane A, Lamichhane G, Devkota HP. Yellow Himalayan Raspberry ( Rubus ellipticus Sm.): Ethnomedicinal, Nutraceutical, and Pharmacological Aspects. Molecules 2023; 28:6071. [PMID: 37630323 PMCID: PMC10458938 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28166071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Yellow Himalayan raspberry (Rubus ellipticus Sm., Rosaceae) is a native species of the Indian subcontinent, Southern China, and the Philippines, which has been historically used as a traditional medicine and food. All of the parts of this plant have been used in traditional medicine to treat respiratory ailments, diabetes, and gastrointestinal disorder, and as an anti-infective agent. The scientific evaluation revealed a richness of macronutrients, micronutrients, and minerals in the fruits, indicating its potential use as a nutraceutical. Furthermore, this plant has been found to be rich in various secondary metabolites, including polyphenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, tannins, and terpenoids. Ascorbic acid, kaempferol, gallic acid, and catechin are some of the compounds found in this plant, which have been widely discussed for their health benefits. Furthermore, various extracts and compounds obtained from R. ellipticus have shown antioxidant, antidiabetic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, nephroprotective, antipyretic, anticonvulsant, and anti-infective activities investigated through different study models. These findings in the literature have validated some of the widespread uses of the fruits in folk medicinal systems and the consumption of this nutritious wild fruit by local communities. In conclusion, R. ellipticus holds strong potential for its development as a nutraceutical. It can also improve the nutritional status of villagers and uplift the economy if properly utilized and marketed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananda Lamichhane
- Collage of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea;
| | - Gopal Lamichhane
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA;
| | - Hari Prasad Devkota
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
- Headquarters for Admissions and Education, Kumamoto University, Kurokami, 2-39-1, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
- Pharmacy Program, Gandaki University, Pokhara 33700, Nepal
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Tiwari D, Kewlani P, Gaira KS, Bhatt ID, Sundriyal RC, Pande V. Predicting phytochemical diversity of medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) across eco-climatic zones and elevation in Uttarakhand using Generalized Additive Model. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10888. [PMID: 37407604 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37495-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study uses a systematic approach to explore the phytochemical composition of medicinal plants from Uttarakhand, Western Himalaya. The phytochemical composition of medicinal plants was analyzed based on (i) the presence of different chemical groups and (ii) bioactive compounds. The Generalized Additive Model (GAM) analysis was used to predict the occurrence of chemical groups and active compounds across different eco-climatic zones and the elevation in Uttarakhand. A total of 789 medicinal plants represented by 144 taxonomic families were screened to explore the phytochemical diversity of the medicinal plants of Uttarakhand. These medicinal plant species are signified in different life forms such as herbs (58.86%), shrubs (18.24%), trees (17.48%), ferns (2.38%), and climbers (2.13%). The probability of occurrence of the chemical groups found in tropical, sub-tropical, and warm temperate eco-climatic zones, whereas active compounds have a high Probability towards alpine, sub-alpine, and cool temperate zones. The GAM predicted that the occurrence of species with active compounds was declining significantly (p < 0.01), while total active compounds increased across elevation (1000 m). While the occurrence of species with the chemical group increased, total chemical groups were indicated to decline with increasing elevation from 1000 m (p < 0.000). The current study is overwhelmed to predict the distribution of phytochemicals in different eco-climatic zones and elevations using secondary information, which offers to discover bioactive compounds of the species occurring in the different eco-climatic habitats of the region and setting the priority of conservation concerns. However, the study encourages the various commercial sectors, such as pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, chemical, food, and cosmetics, to utilize unexplored species. In addition, the study suggests that prioritizing eco-climatic zones and elevation based on phytochemical diversity should be a factor of concern in the Himalayan region, especially under the climate change scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Tiwari
- G. B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Kosi-Katarmal, Almora, Uttarakhand, 263 643, India
| | - Pushpa Kewlani
- G. B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Kosi-Katarmal, Almora, Uttarakhand, 263 643, India
| | - Kailash S Gaira
- G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Sikkim Regional Centre, Pangthang, Gangtok, Sikkim, India
| | - Indra D Bhatt
- G. B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Kosi-Katarmal, Almora, Uttarakhand, 263 643, India.
| | - R C Sundriyal
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, HNB Garhwal University, Srinagar, Garhwal, 249169, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Veena Pande
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
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10
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Shi J, Xiao Y, Jia C, Zhang H, Gan Z, Li X, Yang M, Yin Y, Zhang G, Hao J, Wei Y, Jia G, Sun A, Wang Q. Physiological and biochemical changes during fruit maturation and ripening in highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.). Food Chem 2023; 410:135299. [PMID: 36608546 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.135299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The sweetness of blueberry fruit increases over time, as acids are converted to sugars, and full flavor development is formed by harvest. We comprehensively analyzed the changes and correlation in physiological and biochemical characteristics of blueberries at different maturity stages, including texture, quality, taste and energy change. Our analysis revealed that total anthocyanin content increased and firmness decreased as fruit ripened. Percent moisture, titratable acid (TA), chlorophyll and carotenoid content also decreased, while total soluble solids (TSS), pH, TSS/TA ratio, vitamin C, soluble proteins, and ethylene production all increased. Antioxidant enzyme activity gradually increased during ripening but energy-related metabolites decreased. The flavor attributes of sweetness, bitterness, and sourness were readily perceived using an electronic tongue and a total of 76 volatile compounds were detected by GC-MS. In summary, the maturation of blueberries was correlated with increases of anthocyanins, nutrients, antioxidant activity, taste and aroma, but negatively correlated with energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyan Shi
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Key Laboratory of the Vegetable Postharvest Treatment of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China) of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North) of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition (IAPN), Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
| | - Yuhang Xiao
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chengli Jia
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhilin Gan
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xinyi Li
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Meiqi Yang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yudong Yin
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Guangqi Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jingyi Hao
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yulong Wei
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Guoliang Jia
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Aidong Sun
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Forest Food Processing and Safety, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Qing Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Vegetable Postharvest Treatment of Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory of Fruits and Vegetable Storage and Processing, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (North China) of Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture (North) of Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Agri-food Processing and Nutrition (IAPN), Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China.
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11
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Ahmed M, Bose I, Goksen G, Roy S. Himalayan Sources of Anthocyanins and Its Multifunctional Applications: A Review. Foods 2023; 12:foods12112203. [PMID: 37297448 DOI: 10.3390/foods12112203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins, the colored water-soluble pigments, have increasingly drawn the attention of researchers for their novel applications. The sources of anthocyanin are highly diverse, and it can be easily extracted. The unique biodiversity of the Himalayan Mountain range is an excellent source of anthocyanin, but it is not completely explored. Numerous attempts have been made to study the phytochemical aspects of different Himalayan plants. The distinct flora of the Himalayas can serve as a potential source of anthocyanins for the food industry. In this context, this review is an overview of the phytochemical studies conducted on Himalayan plants for the estimation of anthocyanins. For that, many articles have been studied to conclude that plants (such as Berberis asiatica, Morus alba, Ficus palmata, Begonia xanthina, Begonia palmata, Fragaria nubicola, etc.) contain significant amounts of anthocyanin. The application of Himalayan anthocyanin in nutraceuticals, food colorants, and intelligent packaging films have also been briefly debated. This review creates a path for further research on Himalayan plants as a potential source of anthocyanins and their sustainable utilization in the food systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Ahmed
- School of Bioengineering and Food Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan 173229, India
| | - Ipsheta Bose
- School of Bioengineering and Food Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan 173229, India
| | - Gulden Goksen
- Department of Food Technology, Vocational School of Technical Sciences at Mersin Tarsus Organized Industrial Zone, Tarsus University, 33100 Mersin, Turkey
| | - Swarup Roy
- School of Bioengineering and Food Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan 173229, India
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India
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12
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Kewlani P, Tiwari D, Rawat S, Bhatt ID. Pharmacological and phytochemical potential of Rubus ellipticus: a wild edible with multiple health benefits. J Pharm Pharmacol 2023; 75:143-161. [PMID: 36206171 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgac053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Rubus ellipticus (family Rosaceae) is used for its delicious edible fruits in the Himalayan region and other parts of the globe. However, the full potential of the species is yet to be harnessed. The current review focuses on the phytochemical, traditional uses, morphological, molecular and pharmacological potential of R. ellipticus. KEY FINDINGS The review of the literature reveals that many health-promoting compounds of R. ellipticus have been reported from the species along with the different biological properties, such as nephroprotective, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-pyretic, anti-proliferative, cytotoxicity, anti-cancer, wound healing, anti-fertility, anti-plasmodial, anti-microbial and antioxidant. Traditionally, it is used in many formulations, which are validated through primary pharmacological assays. However, several medicinal properties are still need to be validated through detailed pharmacological and clinical studies. SUMMARY All the information is available in a scanty form, and the complete information is missing on a single platform. Such type of information will help researchers to better utilize the available data for initiating future research on the species as it has the potential to contribute to the food and pharmaceutical industry. The review highlights the need for further studies on the species to harness its potential in nutraceutical, functional food, energy supplement, and beneficial therapeutic drug development program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushpa Kewlani
- Centre for Biodiversity Conservation and Management, G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Kosi-Katarmal, Almora, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Deepti Tiwari
- Centre for Biodiversity Conservation and Management, G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Kosi-Katarmal, Almora, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sandeep Rawat
- Sikkim Regional Centre, G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Pangthang, Gangtok, Sikkim, India
| | - Indra D Bhatt
- Centre for Biodiversity Conservation and Management, G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Kosi-Katarmal, Almora, Uttarakhand, India
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13
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Metabolome analysis, nutrient and antioxidant potential of aerial and underground parts ofAjuga parviflora Benth. Microchem J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2023.108451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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14
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Ramírez-Torres CE, Espinosa-Gómez FC, Morales-Mávil JE, Reynoso-Cruz JE, Laska M, Hernández-Salazar LT. Influence of tannic acid concentration on the physicochemical characteristics of saliva of spider monkeys ( Ateles geoffroyi). PeerJ 2022; 10:e14402. [PMID: 36452077 PMCID: PMC9703984 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tannins are a chemical defense mechanism of plants consumed by herbivores. Variations in salivary physicochemical characteristics such as pH, total protein concentration (TP), and presence of proline-rich proteins (PRPs) in animals have been reported as a mechanism to protect the oral cavity when consuming food with variations in pH and tannins. Variations in salivary physiochemistry as adaptations for consuming tannin-rich foods have been found in omnivorous and folivorous primates, but have not yet been reported in frugivorous species such as spider monkeys. We therefore assessed changes in pH using test strips, TP concentration by measuring absorbance at 595 nm in a spectrophotometer and salivary PRPs using the SDS-PAGE electrophoresis technique in the saliva of nine captive spider monkeys in response to the consumption of solutions with different concentrations of tannic acid. The results showed variations in pH, TP concentration and the presence and variation of possible salivary PRPs associated with tannic acid concentration. These findings suggest that spider monkeys may tailor their salivary physicochemical characteristics in response to the ingestion of potentially toxic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabiola Carolina Espinosa-Gómez
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Popular Autonóma del Estado de Puebla (UPAEP), Puebla, Puebla, México
| | | | | | - Matthias Laska
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden, Sweden
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15
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Identification and Quantification of Key Phytochemicals, Phytohormones, and Antioxidant Properties in Coccinia grandis during Fruit Ripening. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11112218. [DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Coccinia grandis contains secondary metabolites, such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, terpenoids, alkaloids, sterols, and glycosides, which are known to have in vitro antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antidyslipidemic activities. C. grandis fruits change dramatically during ripening, and the differences in the phytochemicals contribute to various uses. This study reports the phytochemical compounds and antioxidant activities during ripening of C. grandis for the first time. Characterizations were conducted on the physiologically active substances in C. grandis fruits at three ripening stages, and a total of 25 peaks were identified. Key phytochemicals in the ripening stages of C. grandis were identified, and the major substances that contributed to antioxidant properties were selected and quantitatively analyzed. Although the concentration of tiliroside increased during aging, hydroxycinnamic acid (chlorogenic and p-coumaric acids), flavonols (rutin), and triterpenes (cucurbitacins B and D) with antioxidant effects decreased. Therefore, phenolic compounds and cucurbitacins dominate immature C. grandis quantitatively. Regarding phytohormones, the gibberellin A4 content decreased as the fruits matured, but indoleacetic acid and salicylic acid increased with fruit maturity. The antioxidant capacities determined by DPPH and ABTS consistently decreased with increasing maturity. Accordingly, the extracts of immature C. grandis fruits have high levels of bioactive compounds and can be used to develop food additives and health supplements.
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16
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Cvetković M, Kočić M, Dabić Zagorac D, Ćirić I, Natić M, Hajder Đ, Životić A, Fotirić Akšić M. When Is the Right Moment to Pick Blueberries? Variation in Agronomic and Chemical Properties of Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) Cultivars at Different Harvest Times. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12090798. [PMID: 36144202 PMCID: PMC9502264 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12090798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Blueberries, which are recognized by their colored fruits and exquisite flavor and taste, are a great source of bioactive substances with potential functional properties. For the purpose of this study, the blueberry cultivars ‘Duke’, ‘Chandler’ and ‘Bluecrop’ were picked at four different times. The aim of the study was to compare the cultivars and determine the best time for picking fruits for table consumption and to produce berries that can be used as functional foods with elevated levels of bioactive compounds. According to principal component analysis (PCA), the most influential traits for distinguishing different times of harvest in the ‘Duke’ cultivar were sorbitol, glucose, sucrose, and turanose; for the cultivar ‘Chandler’, they were caffeic acid, aesculetin, and quercetin; for the ‘Bluecrop’, they were fructose, maltose, radical scavenging activity, and quercetin. Blueberry fruits aimed for table consumption were those harvested in the first two pickings of the cultivar ‘Duke’, in the first and third of the ‘Bluecrop’, and in the third picking time of the cultivar ‘Chandler’, due to the highest fruit size and very high level of sugar (mostly glucose and fructose). ‘Duke’ berries from the second and third harvest (high level of total phenolic content, radical scavenging activity, total anthocyanins, aesculin, quercetin, and isorhamnetin), ‘Chandler’ from the first and third (the highest p-hydroxybenzoic acid, aesculetin, caffeic acid, phloridzin, kaempferol, kaempferol 3-O-glucoside, quercetin 3-O-rhamnoside, rutin, and quercetin) and ‘Bluecrop’ from the third harvest (highest level of total phenolics, radical scavenging activity, quercetin, rutin, quercetin 3-O-glucoside, kaempferol, quercetin 3-O-rhamnoside, kaempferol 3-O-glucoside, and isorhamnetin) had the highest levels of health-promoting compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miljan Cvetković
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Banja Luka, 78000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Milana Kočić
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Banja Luka, 78000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Dragana Dabić Zagorac
- Innovation Centre of Faculty of Chemistry Ltd., University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivanka Ćirić
- Innovation Centre of Faculty of Chemistry Ltd., University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Maja Natić
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Đurađ Hajder
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Banja Luka, 78000 Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Aleksandar Životić
- Faculty of Agriculture, University in Bijeljina, 56000 Bijeljina, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Milica Fotirić Akšić
- Department of Fruit Science and Viticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
- Correspondence:
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17
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Wang L, Li R, Zhang Q, Liu J, Tao T, Zhang T, Wu C, Ren Q, Pu X, Peng W. Pyracantha fortuneana (Maxim.) Li: A comprehensive review of its phytochemistry, pharmacological properties, and product development. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.940900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyracantha fortuneana (Maxim.) Li has been used as a herbal medicine in China in its long history. Since ancient times, the fruits of P. fortuneana has been considered a functional food to improve various diseases. Many bioactive substances, including proanthocyanidins, phenols, polysaccharides, and dietary fibers, have been isolated and identified from the P. fortuneana, which possess diverse biological properties both in vitro and in vivo. Although the researches on the P. fortuneana have achieved extensive progress, the systematic study of its biological activities is still relatively lacking. In addition, accumulating researches focus on the landscape value of the P. fortuneana and the development of its by-products. The by-products of P. fortuneana, which show good development potentials in the field of agricultural production and environmental protection, are important for improving the economic value of P. fortuneana and its significance. After extensive reviewing and analyzing the existing published articles, books, and patents, this study aims to a systematic and summarized research trends of P. fortuneana and its phytochemical compositions, nutritional values, pharmacological effects and health benefits of its extracts/monomers, which would be beneficial for the future development of this medicinal plant as functional food or drugs.
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18
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Çolak AM, Mertoğlu K, Alan F, Esatbeyoglu T, Bulduk İ, Akbel E, Kahramanoğlu I. Screening of Naturally Grown European Cranberrybush ( Viburnum opulus L.) Genotypes Based on Physico-Chemical Characteristics. Foods 2022; 11:foods11111614. [PMID: 35681365 PMCID: PMC9180199 DOI: 10.3390/foods11111614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
It has become very important to offer species with high nutritional value as fresh or processed products for human consumption in their daily diet for balanced nutrition. In the scope of this study, 15 naturally grown European Cranberry bush (ECB) genotypes that naturally grown were characterized in terms of horticultural characteristics. Fruit length, fruit width, fruit weight, the number of fruits per each cluster and cluster weight were determined within the ranges of 8.78−10.96 mm, 7.93−10.84 mm, 0.21−0.70 g, 31−121, and 7.70−66.67 g, respectively. Ranking of the average values of examined organic acids obtained from all genotypes found as; malic acid (11,419 mg L−1) > citric acid (1926 mg L−1) > ascorbic acid (581 mg L−1) > oxalic acid (561 mg L−1). Total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were found at high levels in ECB with 2922−3475 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE) L−1 and 1463−3163 mg quercetin equivalents (QE) L−1, respectively. While pomological characteristics were found to be highly positive correlated with each other, they were negatively correlated with chemical properties. Low pH was found to be an important parameter to obtain higher amounts of phytochemicals such as TPC, TFC, organic and phenolic acids correlated with strong antioxidant effects. The obtained results will be useful for both germplasm enrichment and cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşen Melda Çolak
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Usak University, 64000 Usak, Turkey;
| | - Kerem Mertoğlu
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, 26160 Eskisehir, Turkey
- Department of Food Development and Food Quality, Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University Hannover, Am Kleinen Felde 30, 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Correspondence: (K.M.); (T.E.); Tel.: +90-507-5574301 (K.M.)
| | - Fatma Alan
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Erciyes University, 38280 Kayseri, Turkey;
| | - Tuba Esatbeyoglu
- Department of Food Development and Food Quality, Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University Hannover, Am Kleinen Felde 30, 30167 Hannover, Germany
- Correspondence: (K.M.); (T.E.); Tel.: +90-507-5574301 (K.M.)
| | - İbrahim Bulduk
- Faculty of Health Science, Uşak University, 64000 Uşak, Turkey; (İ.B.); (E.A.)
| | - Erten Akbel
- Faculty of Health Science, Uşak University, 64000 Uşak, Turkey; (İ.B.); (E.A.)
| | - Ibrahim Kahramanoğlu
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, European University of Lefke, Gemikonağı, Northern Cyprus, Via Mersin 10, 99780 Karavostasi, Turkey;
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19
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Panchal SK, John OD, Mathai ML, Brown L. Anthocyanins in Chronic Diseases: The Power of Purple. Nutrients 2022; 14:2161. [PMID: 35631301 PMCID: PMC9142943 DOI: 10.3390/nu14102161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are mainly purple-coloured phenolic compounds of plant origin that as secondary metabolites are important in plant survival. Understanding their health benefits in humans requires sourcing these unstable compounds in sufficient quantities at a reasonable cost, which has led to improved methods of extraction. Dark-coloured fruits, cereals and vegetables are current sources of these compounds. The range of potential sustainable sources is much larger and includes non-commercialised native plants from around the world and agri-waste containing anthocyanins. In the last 5 years, there have been significant advances in developing the therapeutic potential of anthocyanins in chronic human diseases. Anthocyanins exert their beneficial effects through improvements in gut microbiota, oxidative stress and inflammation, and modulation of neuropeptides such as insulin-like growth factor-1. Their health benefits in humans include reduced cognitive decline; protection of organs such as the liver, as well as the cardiovascular system, gastrointestinal tract and kidneys; improvements in bone health and obesity; and regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. This review summarises some of the sources of anthocyanins and their mechanisms and benefits in the treatment of chronic human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil K. Panchal
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2753, Australia;
- Global Centre for Land-Based Innovation, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2753, Australia
| | - Oliver D. John
- Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia; or
| | - Michael L. Mathai
- Institute of Health and Sport, College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3021, Australia;
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Lindsay Brown
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD 4222, Australia
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20
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Changes in Phenolic Profiles and Inhibition Potential of Macrophage Foam Cell Formation during Noni (Morinda citrifolia Linn.) Fruit Juice Fermentation. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8050201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The dynamic changes in phenolic composition and antioxidant activity, and the potential effect on foam cell formation and cholesterol efflux during noni (Morinda citrifolia Linn.) fruit juice fermentation were investigated in this study. The composition of phenolic compounds was significantly different at various fermentation times. Rutin, quercetin, and isoquercitrin were the major phenolics in fermented noni fruit juice based on a quantitative analysis of representative phenolics. The contents of caffeic acid, 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, p-coumaric acid, rutin, and quercetin tended to increase, while those of isoquercitrin decreased during the fermentation process. Fermented noni juice extracts showed high antioxidant activities against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid), hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, and ferric reducing antioxidant power. Notably, the highest antioxidant activity was observed after 28 days of fermentation. Furthermore, the treatment of fermented noni juice extracts was shown to reduce foam cell formation, intracellular cholesterol level, and the cholesterol esterification ratio. A correlation analysis indicated a strong positive relationship between the phenolic composition, antioxidant activity, and the ratio of cholesterol ester and total cholesterol. This study may provide a theoretical basis for the quality improvement and standardized production of fermented noni fruit juice, thus promoting the development of the noni food industry.
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21
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Kewlani P, Tiwari DC, Singh B, Negi VS, Bhatt ID, Pande V. Source-dependent variation in phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities of Prinsepia utilis Royle fruits. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 194:162. [PMID: 35141786 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-09786-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Prinsepia utilis, a wild-growing Himalayan shrub, is a good source of phytoceuticals, cosmeceuticals, and antioxidants. The present study is an attempt to investigate the effect of altitude and edaphic factors on phenolics and antioxidant activity in fruit pulp of Prinsepia utilis. The ripened fruits and soil samples were collected for detailed investigation. The fruits (pulp) were extracted in methanol for analyzing total phenolics and antioxidant activity using a spectrophotometric method and phenolic compounds by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Similarly, standard methods for soil analysis were used. Results reveal that altitude negatively correlated with total phenolics and flavonoid contents determined by a spectrophotometric method and with specific phenolic compounds determined by HPLC. For instance, Dwarahat population (PU-1) at lower altitude (1400 m asl) exhibited higher values of total phenolics and flavonoids, while total tannin was higher at Nainital (PU-6) population (2000 m asl). The antioxidant activity measured by 2, 2-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) was found higher in Narayan Ashram (PU-9) population (2750 m asl), while ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) was significantly higher in Badechena (PU-2) population (1600 m asl). Soil nutrients (edaphic factors) showed a good correlation among measured parameters. Neighbor-joining and principal component analysis identified phenolics and antioxidant-rich populations that can be utilized for collection of fruits from these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushpa Kewlani
- G. B. Pant, National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Kosi-Katarmal, Almora, 263 643, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Deep C Tiwari
- G. B. Pant, National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Kosi-Katarmal, Almora, 263 643, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Basant Singh
- G. B. Pant, National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Kosi-Katarmal, Almora, 263 643, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Vikram S Negi
- G. B. Pant, National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Kosi-Katarmal, Almora, 263 643, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Indra D Bhatt
- G. B. Pant, National Institute of Himalayan Environment, Kosi-Katarmal, Almora, 263 643, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Veena Pande
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaun University, Bhimtal Campus, Bhimtal, 263 136, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India
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22
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Kapoor L, Simkin AJ, George Priya Doss C, Siva R. Fruit ripening: dynamics and integrated analysis of carotenoids and anthocyanins. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:27. [PMID: 35016620 PMCID: PMC8750800 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03411-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fruits are vital food resources as they are loaded with bioactive compounds varying with different stages of ripening. As the fruit ripens, a dynamic color change is observed from green to yellow to red due to the biosynthesis of pigments like chlorophyll, carotenoids, and anthocyanins. Apart from making the fruit attractive and being a visual indicator of the ripening status, pigments add value to a ripened fruit by making them a source of nutraceuticals and industrial products. As the fruit matures, it undergoes biochemical changes which alter the pigment composition of fruits. RESULTS The synthesis, degradation and retention pathways of fruit pigments are mediated by hormonal, genetic, and environmental factors. Manipulation of the underlying regulatory mechanisms during fruit ripening suggests ways to enhance the desired pigments in fruits by biotechnological interventions. Here we report, in-depth insight into the dynamics of a pigment change in ripening and the regulatory mechanisms in action. CONCLUSIONS This review emphasizes the role of pigments as an asset to a ripened fruit as they augment the nutritive value, antioxidant levels and the net carbon gain of fruits; pigments are a source for fruit biofortification have tremendous industrial value along with being a tool to predict the harvest. This report will be of great utility to the harvesters, traders, consumers, and natural product divisions to extract the leading nutraceutical and industrial potential of preferred pigments biosynthesized at different fruit ripening stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leepica Kapoor
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Andrew J Simkin
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, United Kingdom, Canterbury, CT2 7NJ, UK
| | - C George Priya Doss
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Ramamoorthy Siva
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
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Li H, Rafie R, Xu Z, Siddiqui RA. Phytochemical profile and anti-oxidation activity changes during ginger ( Zingiber officinale) harvest: Baby ginger attenuates lipid accumulation and ameliorates glucose uptake in HepG2 cells. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 10:133-144. [PMID: 35035916 PMCID: PMC8751441 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We determined the phenolic content and anti-oxidation properties of ginger at different harvesting time and tested its effects on lipid droplet formation and glucose uptake in HepG2 cells. Ginger samples at different stages of maturity were harvested every two weeks starting from mid-October for 16 weeks. Our data indicate that ginger has the highest phenolic contents and superior anti-oxidation activity when harvested early (immature baby ginger); however, the concentration of phenolic contents and its anti-oxidation activity were progressively reduced up to 50% as ginger matures. Furthermore, the data indicate that baby ginger extract inhibits lipid accumulation and triglyceride content in oleic acid-induced HepG2 cells up to 20% in a dose-dependent manner. Baby ginger exhibited significant inhibition of α-amylase enzyme activity by 29.5% and ameliorated glucose uptake in HepG2 cell at similar level. Our results suggest that harvesting ginger at an appropriate (early) time may be beneficial for optimizing its biological active contents and qualitative properties. The data also suggest that a regular use of ginger can potentially lower incidences of obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwen Li
- Food Chemistry and Nutrition Science Laboratory, Agricultural Research StationVirginia State UniversityPetersburgVirginiaUSA
| | - Reza Rafie
- Cooperate ExtensionCollege of AgricultureVirginia State UniversityPetersburgVirginiaUSA
| | - Zhidong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry for Medicine of Hebei ProvinceCollege of Chemical & Pharmaceutical EngineeringHebei University of Science & TechnologyShijiazhuangChina
| | - Rafat A. Siddiqui
- Food Chemistry and Nutrition Science Laboratory, Agricultural Research StationVirginia State UniversityPetersburgVirginiaUSA
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Bahukhandi A, Barola A, Bhatt ID, Rawal RS. Nutrient composition, free radical scavenging activities and polyphenol contents of seabuckthorn (
Hippophae tibetana
) Western Himalayas, India. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.16252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amit Bahukhandi
- Center for Biodiversity Conservation and Management G. B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment Almora India
| | - Anjali Barola
- Center for Biodiversity Conservation and Management G. B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment Almora India
| | - Indra D. Bhatt
- Center for Biodiversity Conservation and Management G. B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment Almora India
| | - Ranbeer S. Rawal
- Center for Biodiversity Conservation and Management G. B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment Almora India
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25
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Yeasmen N, Orsat V. Green extraction and characterization of leaves phenolic compounds: a comprehensive review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-39. [PMID: 34904469 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.2013771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although containing significant levels of phenolic compounds (PCs), leaves biomass coming from either forest, agriculture, or the processing industry are considered as waste, which upon disposal, brings in environmental issues. As the demand for PCs in functional food, pharmaceutical, nutraceutical and cosmetic sector is escalating day by day, recovering PCs from leaves biomass would solve both the waste disposal problem while ensuring a valuable "societal health" ingredient thus highly contributing to a sustainable food chain from both economic and environmental perspectives. In our search for environmentally benign, efficient, and cost-cutting techniques for the extraction of PCs, green extraction (GE) is presenting itself as the best option in modern industrial processing. This current review aims to highlight the recent progress, constraints, legislative framework, and future directions in GE and characterization of PCs from leaves, concentrating particularly on five plant species (tea, moringa, stevia, sea buckthorn, and pistacia) based on the screened journals that precisely showed improvements in extraction efficiency along with maintaining extract quality. This overview will serve researchers and relevant industries engaged in the development of suitable techniques for the extraction of PCs with increasing yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nushrat Yeasmen
- Department of Bioresource Engineering, McGill University, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Food Technology and Rural Industries, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Valérie Orsat
- Department of Bioresource Engineering, McGill University, Quebec, Canada
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26
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Arena ME, Povilonis IS, Borroni V, Constenla D, Radice S. Changes in physicochemical properties at different development stages of Hexachlamys edulis fruit, an underutilized South American species. Heliyon 2021; 7:e08323. [PMID: 34825072 PMCID: PMC8605201 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the evolution of fruit size and weight together with the soluble solid and total titratable acidity contents during development of Hexachlamys edulis fruit. Also, the patterns of accumulation of chlorophylls, carotenoids, phenols and antioxidant activity were analysed to define the optimal time for harvesting to obtain maximum nutraceutical characteristics. Fruits were harvested from H. edulis plants growing at the experimental field of the University of Morón (Moreno, Buenos Aires, 34°35′4.98″ SL, 58°48′52.09″ WL, 14 m.a.s.l.). Fresh fruit weight was significantly higher in Medium ripe, Ripe and Overripe fruits (40.1, 39.6 and 38.5 g, respectively) than in Unripe fruits (19.5 g). Soluble solids/total titratable acidity was significantly higher in Overripe fruits (7.3) than in Unripe, Medium ripe and Ripe fruits (3.7–4.5). Total polyphenols were maximum in Unripe fruits (905.8 mg tannic acid/100 g fresh fruit weight) decreasing during the fruit development (426.2–130.4 mg tannic acid/100 g fresh fruit weight). Also, DPPH radical scavenging activity was significantly higher in Unripe fruits (75.7%) compared with Medium ripe, Ripe and Overripe fruits (64.1–17.0%). Positive and significant correlations were observed between total polyphenol content and DPPH radical scavenging activity at each extract concentration (r = 0.74, 0.87, 0.74 and 0.60 for 1.25; 2.50; 5.00 and 12.50 mg/mL, respectively). Total carotenoid content increased during fruit development while at the same time decreased chlorophyll content. Chlorophyll b is the main chlorophyll found. Chromatographic analysis showed that lutein is the main carotenoid found in H. edulis fruits, followed by β-cryptoxanthin and β-carotene. As shown by the chromatograms at 280 nm, the concentration of biophenols and the complexity of the biophenol profile decreases during fruit development. Levels of polyphenols and pigments together with the antioxidant activity allow us to consider H. edulis fruit as a functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam E Arena
- CONICET - Universidad de Morón, Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Machado 914 Lab. 501, Morón, B1708EOH, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ignacio S Povilonis
- CONICET - Universidad de Morón, Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Machado 914 Lab. 501, Morón, B1708EOH, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Virginia Borroni
- Instituto de Tecnología en Polímeros y Nanotecnología - Universidad de Buenos Aires-CONICET, Facultad de Arquitectura, Diseño y Urbanismo, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Diana Constenla
- Planta Piloto de Ingeniería Química (PLAPIQUI), Universidad Nacional del Sur - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (UNS-CONICET), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Silvia Radice
- CONICET - Universidad de Morón, Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Machado 914 Lab. 501, Morón, B1708EOH, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Chen Z, Jiang J, Shu L, Li X, Huang J, Qian B, Wang X, Li X, Chen J, Xu H. Combined transcriptomic and metabolic analyses reveal potential mechanism for fruit development and quality control of Chinese raspberry (Rubus chingii Hu). PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:1923-1946. [PMID: 34333679 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02758-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Combined transcriptomic and metabolic analyses reveal that fruit of Rubus chingii Hu launches biosynthesis of phenolic acids and flavonols at beginning of fruit set and then coordinately accumulated or converted to their derivatives. Rubus chingii Hu (Chinese raspberry) is an important dual functional food with nutraceutical and pharmaceutical values. Comprehensively understanding the mechanisms of fruit development and bioactive components synthesis and regulation could accelerate genetic analysis and molecular breeding for the unique species. Combined transcriptomic and metabolic analyses of R. chingii fruits from different developmental stages, including big green, green-to-yellow, yellow-to-orange, and red stages, were conducted. A total of 89,188 unigenes were generated and 57,545 unigenes (64.52%) were annotated. Differential expression genes (DEGs) and differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) were mainly involved in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. The fruit launched the biosynthesis of phenolic acids and flavonols at the very beginning of fruit set and then coordinately accumulated or converted to their derivatives. This was tightly regulated by expressions of the related genes and MYB and bHLH transcription factors. The core genes products participated in the biosynthesis of ellagic acid (EA) and kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside (K-3-R), such as DAHPS, DQD/SDH, PAL, 4CL, CHS, CHI, F3H, F3'H, FLS, and UGT78D2, and their corresponding metabolites were elaborately characterized. Our research reveals the molecular and chemical mechanisms of the fruit development of R. chingii. The results provide a solid foundation for the genetic analysis, functional genes isolation, fruit quality improvement and modifiable breeding of R. chingii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, 1139 Civic Road, Taizhou, 318000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jingyong Jiang
- Institute of Horticulture, Taizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Linhai, 317000, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangzuo Shu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, 1139 Civic Road, Taizhou, 318000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobai Li
- Institute of Horticulture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, 1139 Civic Road, Taizhou, 318000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoying Qian
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, 1139 Civic Road, Taizhou, 318000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, 1139 Civic Road, Taizhou, 318000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, 1139 Civic Road, Taizhou, 318000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiangxia Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Evolutionary Ecology and Conservation, College of Life Sciences, Taizhou University, 1139 Civic Road, Taizhou, 318000, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Haidan Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical, Chemical and Materials Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou, 318000, People's Republic of China
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28
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Diplazium esculentum (Retz.) Sw.: Ethnomedicinal, Phytochemical, and Pharmacological Overview of the Himalayan Ferns. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:1917890. [PMID: 34512863 PMCID: PMC8433033 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1917890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The genus Diplazium (family: Athyriaceae) comprises approximately 350 species of pteridophytes. Diplazium esculentum (Retz.) Sw. is an important member of this genus and commonly known as a wild vegetable in the Himalayan and sub-Himalayan communities. According to the literature analysis, D. esculentum was traditionally used for the prevention or treatment of several diseases such as diabetes, smallpox, asthma, diarrhea, rheumatism, dysentery, headache, fever, wounds, pain, measles, hypertension, constipation, oligospermia, bone fracture, and glandular swellings. Various extracts of D. esculentum were evaluated to elucidate their phytochemical and pharmacological activities. A wide array of pharmacological properties such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, immunomodulatory, CNS stimulant, and antianaphylactic activities have been recognized in different parts of D. esculentum. The review covers a systematic examination of pharmacognosy, phytochemistry, and pharmacological applications of D. esculentum, but scientifically, it is not fully assessed regarding complete therapeutic effects, toxicity, and safety in the human body. The published literature on D. esculentum and its therapeutic properties were collected from different search engines including Wiley online, PubMed, Springer Link, Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and ACS publications by using specific terms such as "Diplazium esculentum, bioactive compounds, biological activities and health benefits" from 1984 to 2021 (March). Therefore, further studies are required to identify the detailed action mechanism of D. esculentum in vitro/in vivo, and also, more studies should focus on conservation, cultivation, and sustainable utilization of the species.
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29
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Shreelakshmi SV, Nazareth MS, Kumar SS, Giridhar P, Prashanth KVH, Shetty NP. Physicochemical Composition and Characterization of Bioactive Compounds of Mulberry (Morus indica L.) Fruit During Ontogeny. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 76:304-310. [PMID: 34260014 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-021-00909-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mulberry fruit is well recognized as one of the richest sources of bioactive compounds. We investigated the physicochemical composition and characterized the bioactive compounds during different ripening stages of mulberry (Morus indica) fruit and evaluated their anti-quorum sensing activity on Chromobacterium violaceum. The proximate components such as carbohydrates, proteins and lipids were found to be high in the ripe fruit compared to unripe and mid-ripe fruit. The ripe fruit contained higher content of total phenolics and flavonoids (336.05 and 282.55 mg/100 g fresh weight (FW), respectively). Epicatechin and resveratrol were the major polyphenols detected in the fruit with the range 5.13-19.46 and 4.07-14.45 mg/100 g FW, respectively. Chlorogenic acid and myricetin were predominant in the unripe and mid-ripe fruit (7.14 and 1.84 mg/100 g FW, respectively). The fruit was found to be an excellent source of anti-diabetic compound 1-deoxynojirimycin. The highest content of 1-deoxynojirimycin was present in the mid-ripe fruit, with a content of 2.91 mg/100 g FW. Furthermore, fruit extracts exhibited anti-quorum sensing activity against Chromobacterium violaceum by effectively inhibiting violacein production. Ripe fruit extracts showed the highest activity of 76.30% at 1 mg/mL and thus, could be used as a potent anti-quorum sensing agent. The results could be promising in the selection of appropriate developmental stages for M. indica fruit commercial exploitation in the food formulations rich in potential health components.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Shreelakshmi
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, 570 020, Karnataka, India
- Department of Bioscience, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri, Mangaluru, 574 199, India
| | - Maria Sheeba Nazareth
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, 570 020, Karnataka, India
| | - Sandopu Sravan Kumar
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, 570 020, Karnataka, India
| | - Parvatam Giridhar
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, 570 020, Karnataka, India
| | - K V Harish Prashanth
- Biochemistry Department, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, 570 020, India
| | - Nandini P Shetty
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research - Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysuru, 570 020, Karnataka, India.
- Department of Bioscience, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri, Mangaluru, 574 199, India.
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30
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Variation of Phenolics (Bound and Free), Minerals, and Antioxidant Activity of Twenty-Eight Wild Edible Fruits of Twenty-Three Species from Far North Region of Cameroon. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:4154381. [PMID: 34337009 PMCID: PMC8289581 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4154381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study is aimed at investigating the variation of phenolics (bound and free), minerals, and antioxidant potentials of the wild edible fruits (fresh and dry) native from Far North Region of Cameroon. The results showed significant (p < 0.01) differences among fruits and species for all parameters. Bound phenolic content (mgGAE/100 g) of dry fruits (DF) ranged from 95.58 to 407.72; however, the contents were varied from 28.97 to 306.04 in fresh fruits (FF). Free phenolic content varied from 46.43 to 344.73 in DF and fold from 119.54 to 315.79 for those FF. Flavonoids (4.27-256.87 mg QE/100 g), tannins (3.24-63.42 mg CE/100 g), and anthocyanin content (8.65-168.10 mg C3GE/100 g) in fruits varied also significantly in respect with DF and FF. The mineral content analysis indicates that the wild fruits are rich in valuable macro- and trace elements. For antioxidant activities, except high 2.2-diphenyl-1-picyhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity obtained with free phenolics, the bound phenolics of FF and DF had significantly high ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzylthiozoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) scavenging activity. Furthermore, free and bound phenolic content was highly and positively correlated with ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP activities confirmed by the principal component analysis (F1×F2: 60.17%). The present study revealed that the wild edible fruits of twenty-three species investigated are important sources of bioactive compounds, natural antioxidants, and nutraceutical potential to prevent/to treat chronic diseases which could be benefits for the consumers.
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Dobón-Suárez A, Giménez MJ, Castillo S, García-Pastor ME, Zapata PJ. Influence of the Phenological Stage and Harvest Date on the Bioactive Compounds Content of Green Pepper Fruit. Molecules 2021; 26:3099. [PMID: 34067307 PMCID: PMC8196862 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Green pepper fruit is often consumed before it is completely ripe. However, the influence of the phenological stage in which the green pepper is consumed as a potential influencing factor in its bioactive compounds content and antioxidant capacity remains unknown. In addition, no literature is available concerning the bioactive compounds changes in 'Lamuyo' green peppers along its developmental and growth cycle. For this, two different approaches have been carried out, one using twelve different phenological stages (S1 to S12), and in the other, seven different harvest dates (from 27 February to 20 April). Moreover, bioactive compounds changes during 21 days of postharvest storage at 8 °C were investigated. In this study, bioactive compounds (ascorbic acid, dehydroascorbic acid, and total phenolic content) and the total hydrophilic and lipophilic (TAA-H and TAA-L) antioxidant activity were analysed. In addition, total soluble solids, total acidity, individual sugars, and organic acids were determined. Vitamin C levels increased along the phenological stages and harvest dates due to significant increases in ascorbic and dehydroascorbic acid levels. Our results show that the total phenol content decreases as vegetables develop and subsequently increases both as ripening begins and by the last harvest date. Furthermore, TAA-H was also greater by the phenological stage S12 and the 20 April harvest date. In conclusion, the phenological stage and harvest date are key factors that significantly influence the bioactive compounds of green peppers, and those that appear by S12 and 20 April could be more beneficial to health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Pedro J. Zapata
- Department of Food Technology, EPSO, University Miguel Hernández, Ctra. Beniel km. 3.2, 03312 Alicante, Spain; (A.D.-S.); (M.J.G.); (S.C.); (M.E.G.-P.)
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32
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Montecchiarini ML, Silva-Sanzana C, Valderramo L, Alemano S, Gollán A, Rivadeneira MF, Bello F, Vázquez D, Blanco-Herrera F, Podestá FE, Tripodi KEJ. Biochemical differences in the skin of two blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum) varieties with contrasting firmness: Implication of ions, metabolites and cell wall related proteins in two developmental stages. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 162:483-495. [PMID: 33756354 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The pursuit of firmer and better-quality blueberries is a continuous task that aims at a more profitable production. To this end it is essential to understand the biological processes linked to fruit firmness, which may diverge among tissues. By contrasting varieties with opposing firmness, we were able to elucidate events that, taking place at immature stage, lay the foundation to produce a firmer ripe fruit. A deep analysis of blueberry skin was carried out, involving diverse comparative approaches including proteomics and metabolomics coupled to immunolocalization assays. In'O'Neal' (low firmness) enhanced levels of aquaporins, expansins and pectin esterases at the green stage were found to be critical in distinguishing it from 'Emerald' (high firmness). The latter featured higher levels of ABA, low methyl esterified pectins in tricellular junctions and high levels of catechin at this stage. Meanwhile, in 'Emerald' 's ripe fruit epicarp, several mechanisms of cell wall reinforcement such as calcium and probably boron bridges, appear to be more prominent than in 'O'Neal'. This study highlights the importance of cell wall reorganization and structure, abundance of specific metabolites, water status, and hormonal signalling in connection to fruit firmness. These findings result particularly valuable in order to improve the fertilization procedures or in the search of molecular markers related with firmness.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Montecchiarini
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - C Silva-Sanzana
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - L Valderramo
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - S Alemano
- Universidad Nacional de Río Cuarto, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - A Gollán
- Estación Experimental Concordia, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Colonia Yeruá, Entre Ríos, Argentina
| | - M F Rivadeneira
- Estación Experimental Concordia, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Colonia Yeruá, Entre Ríos, Argentina
| | - F Bello
- Estación Experimental Concordia, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Colonia Yeruá, Entre Ríos, Argentina
| | - D Vázquez
- Estación Experimental Concordia, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Colonia Yeruá, Entre Ríos, Argentina
| | - F Blanco-Herrera
- Centro de Biotecnología Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - F E Podestá
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - K E J Tripodi
- Centro de Estudios Fotosintéticos y Bioquímicos (CEFOBI-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Santa Fe, Argentina.
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Zorzi M, Gai F, Medana C, Aigotti R, Peiretti PG. Identification of Polyphenolic Compounds in Edible Wild Fruits Grown in the North-West of Italy by Means of HPLC-DAD-ESI HRMS. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 75:420-426. [PMID: 32506297 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-020-00830-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The popularity of edible wild fruits has increased in industrialized countries due to their composition and positive effects. The aim of this study has been to characterize the polyphenolics and anthocyanins of black mulberry (Morus nigra L.), cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.), elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.), hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna L.), lingonberry (Vaccinium vitis-idaea L.) and rose hip (Rosa canina L.) harvested in the north-west of Italy by means of HPLC-DAD-ESI HRMS in positive ion mode. Although there is an abundant amount of literature related to the polyphenolics of cultivated fruit, a new type of comparison has here been conducted between wild and cultivated fruits on their polyphenolic content. The HPLC-DAD-ESI HRMS method has detected 64 different polyphenolic molecules and it can be used to perform qualitative and quantitative analyses. Furthermore, the cornelian cherry and elderberry samples showed the highest polyphenolic compound levels. The quercetin glycosylated compounds showed the highest percentage of flavonols in most of the analyzed wild fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Zorzi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Francesco Gai
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, Italian National Research Council, Grugliasco, Italy.
| | - Claudio Medana
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Riccardo Aigotti
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Pier Giorgio Peiretti
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, Italian National Research Council, Grugliasco, Italy
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Sheikhbahaei N, Rezanejad F, Arvin SMJ. Mozafati date as a potential treasure of calcium and antioxidant compounds: assessment of these phytochemicals during development. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-020-00375-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Belwal T, Pandey A, Bhatt ID, Rawal RS. Optimized microwave assisted extraction (MAE) of alkaloids and polyphenols from Berberis roots using multiple-component analysis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:917. [PMID: 31969583 PMCID: PMC6976575 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57585-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Berberis, one of the major sources of berberine and polyphenols, is widely accepted genus for its medicinal properties. The inclusion of these phytochemicals in different health formulations has widened its scope in pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals. In the present study, multi-component analysis (MCA) has been used to extract these nutraceutical compounds from Berberis jaeschkeana roots under microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) conditions. To determine the optimum extraction condition, different factors, including, microwave power, sample to solvent ratio, irradiation time, solvent pH and solvent concentration were tested under 42 experiments. The MCA includes, Plackett-Burmen and Central Composite Design and analyzes model fitness, regression coefficient (β), analysis of variance (ANOVA) and 3D response curve. The results showed significant model fitness and involvement of linear, quadratic and interactive effect of different factors. Under optimized MAE condition, [i.e. 1 g of sample extracted through 70 mL of a solution (100% methanol pH 2.0), provided microwave power of 598 W for 2 min of irradiation time], the berberine and palmatine contents were recorded as 46.38 mg g-1 and 20.54 mg g-1 respectively. Under optimized condition, the yield of alkaloids were found closer to the models' predicted value. Similarly, total phenolic content and antioxidant activities were also found closer to the models' predicted value. To test the suitability of the optimized MAE condition for other species i.e., Berberis asiatica, extraction of alkaloids and polyphenolics was conducted and recorded higher yield to the previous records. Moreover, under optimum extraction condition, six and seven polyphenolic compounds from B. jaeschkeana and B. asiatica were quantified respectively. The proposed MAE optimization design using MCA contributes towards faster and greener extraction of alkaloids and polyphenolics with higher yield. Moreover these greener approaches could sustainably utilize species during extract preparation and harnessing its nutraceutical and pharmaceutical potential. This study design could also be replicated on other valuable species or compounds for effective extraction of nutraceutical components and sustainable utilization of natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Belwal
- G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment and Sustainable Development, Kosi Katarmal, Almora, 263643, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Aseesh Pandey
- G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment and Sustainable Development, Kosi Katarmal, Almora, 263643, Uttarakhand, India. .,G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment and Sustainable Development, Sikkim Regional Centre, Pangthang, Gangtok, 737101, Sikkim, India.
| | - Indra D Bhatt
- G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment and Sustainable Development, Kosi Katarmal, Almora, 263643, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Ranbeer S Rawal
- G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment and Sustainable Development, Kosi Katarmal, Almora, 263643, Uttarakhand, India
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Capsaicinoids, Polyphenols and Antioxidant Activities of Capsicum annuum: Comparative Study of the Effect of Ripening Stage and Cooking Methods. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8090364. [PMID: 31480665 PMCID: PMC6770197 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8090364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Peppers (Capsicum annuum L.) are an important crop usually consumed as food or spices. Peppers contain a wide range of phytochemicals, such as capsaicinoids, phenolics, ascorbic acid, and carotenoids. Capsaicinoids impart the characteristic pungent taste. The study analyzed capsaicinoids and other bioactive compounds in different pepper cultivars at both the mature green and red stages. The effect of roasting on their nutritional content was also investigated. In the cultivars tested, the levels of capsaicin ranged from 0 to 3636 µg/g in the mature green stage and from 0 to 4820 µg/g in the red/yellow stage. The concentration of dihydrocapsaicin ranged from 0 to 2148 µg/g in the mature green stage and from 0 to 2162 µg/g in the red/yellow stage. The levels of capsaicinoid compounds in mature green and red /yellow stages were either reduced or increased after roasting depending on the cultivar. The ranges of total phenolic and total flavonoids compounds were 2096 to 7689, and 204 to 962 µg/g, respectively, in the green and red/yellow mature stage pods. Ascorbic acid levels in the peppers ranged from 223 to 1025 mg/ 100 g Dry Weight (DW). Both raw and roasted peppers possessed strong antioxidant activity as determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) reagent (DPPH, 61–87%) and 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS, 73–159 µg/g) assays. Ascorbic acid and antioxidant activity decreased after roasting in the mature green and red stages, whereas total phenolics and flavonoids increased except in the mature green stage of Sweet Delilah and yellow stage of Canrio.
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