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Hinkle JJ, Olschowka JA, Williams JP, O'Banion MK. Pharmacologic Manipulation of Complement Receptor 3 Prevents Dendritic Spine Loss and Cognitive Impairment After Acute Cranial Radiation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2024; 119:912-923. [PMID: 38142839 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cranial irradiation induces healthy tissue damage that can lead to neurocognitive complications, negatively affecting patient quality of life. One damage indicator associated with cognitive impairment is loss of neuronal spine density. We previously demonstrated that irradiation-mediated spine loss is microglial complement receptor 3 (CR3) and sex dependent. We hypothesized that these changes are associated with late-delayed cognitive deficits and amenable to pharmacologic intervention. METHODS AND MATERIALS Our model of cranial irradiation (acute, 10 Gy gamma) used male and female CR3-wild type and CR3-deficient Thy-1 YFP mice of C57BL/6 background. Forty-five days after irradiation and behavioral testing, we quantified spine density and markers of microglial reactivity in the hippocampal dentate gyrus. In a separate experiment, male Thy-1 YFP C57BL/6 mice were treated with leukadherin-1, a modulator of CR3 function. RESULTS We found that male mice demonstrate irradiation-mediated spine loss and cognitive deficits but that female and CR3 knockout mice do not. These changes were associated with greater reactivity of microglia in male mice. Pharmacologic manipulation of CR3 with LA1 prevented spine loss and cognitive deficits in irradiated male mice. CONCLUSIONS This work improves our understanding of irradiation-mediated mechanisms and sex dependent responses and may help identify novel therapeutics to reduce irradiation-induced cognitive decline and improve patient quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J Hinkle
- Department of Neuroscience and Del Monte Neuroscience Institute
| | | | | | - M Kerry O'Banion
- Department of Neuroscience and Del Monte Neuroscience Institute; Department of Neurology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York.
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2
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Giovannini D, Antonelli F, Casciati A, De Angelis C, Denise Astorino M, Bazzano G, Fratini E, Ampollini A, Vadrucci M, Cisbani E, Nenzi P, Picardi L, Saran A, Marino C, Mancuso M, Ronsivalle C, Pazzaglia S. Comparing the effects of irradiation with protons or photons on neonatal mouse brain: Apoptosis, oncogenesis and hippocampal alterations. Radiother Oncol 2024; 195:110267. [PMID: 38614282 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2024.110267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Medulloblastoma (MB) is a common primary brain cancer in children. Proton therapy in pediatric MB is intensively studied and widely adopted. Compared to photon, proton radiations offer potential for reduced toxicity due to the characteristic Bragg Peak at the end of their path in tissue. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of irradiation with the same dose of protons or photons in Patched1 heterozygous knockout mice, a murine model predisposed to cancer and non-cancer radiogenic pathologies, including MB and lens opacity. MATERIALS AND METHODS TOP-IMPLART is a pulsed linear proton accelerator for proton therapy applications. We compared the long-term health effects of 3 Gy of protons or photons in neonatal mice exposed at postnatal day 2, during a peculiarly susceptible developmental phase of the cerebellum, lens, and hippocampus, to genotoxic stress. RESULTS Experimental testing of the 5 mm Spread-Out Bragg Peak (SOBP) proton beam, through evaluation of apoptotic response, confirmed that both cerebellum and hippocampus were within the SOBP irradiation field. While no differences in MB induction were observed after irradiation with protons or photons, lens opacity examination confirmed sparing of the lens after proton exposure. Marked differences in expression of neurogenesis-related genes and in neuroinflammation, but not in hippocampal neurogenesis, were observed after irradiation of wild-type mice with both radiation types. CONCLUSION In-vivo experiments with radiosensitive mouse models improve our mechanistic understanding of the dependence of brain damage on radiation quality, thus having important implications in translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Giovannini
- Division of Health Protection Technology, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Roma, Italy
| | - Francesca Antonelli
- Division of Health Protection Technology, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Roma, Italy
| | - Arianna Casciati
- Division of Health Protection Technology, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Roma, Italy
| | | | - Maria Denise Astorino
- Division of Physical Technologies and Security, ENEA Frascati Research Center, Frascati, Roma, Italy
| | - Giulia Bazzano
- Division of Physical Technologies and Security, ENEA Frascati Research Center, Frascati, Roma, Italy
| | - Emiliano Fratini
- Division of Health Protection Technology, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Roma, Italy
| | - Alessandro Ampollini
- Division of Physical Technologies and Security, ENEA Frascati Research Center, Frascati, Roma, Italy
| | - Monia Vadrucci
- Division of Physical Technologies and Security, ENEA Frascati Research Center, Frascati, Roma, Italy; Italian Space Agency, Science and Research Directorate, Via del Politecnico 00133, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Nenzi
- Division of Physical Technologies and Security, ENEA Frascati Research Center, Frascati, Roma, Italy
| | - Luigi Picardi
- Division of Physical Technologies and Security, ENEA Frascati Research Center, Frascati, Roma, Italy
| | - Anna Saran
- Division of Health Protection Technology, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Roma, Italy
| | - Carmela Marino
- Division of Health Protection Technology, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Roma, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Mancuso
- Division of Health Protection Technology, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Roma, Italy
| | - Concetta Ronsivalle
- Division of Physical Technologies and Security, ENEA Frascati Research Center, Frascati, Roma, Italy
| | - Simonetta Pazzaglia
- Division of Health Protection Technology, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Roma, Italy.
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3
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Strohm AO, Johnston C, Hernady E, Marples B, O'Banion MK, Majewska AK. Cranial irradiation disrupts homeostatic microglial dynamic behavior. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:82. [PMID: 38570852 PMCID: PMC10993621 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03073-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Cranial irradiation causes cognitive deficits that are in part mediated by microglia, the resident immune cells of the brain. Microglia are highly reactive, exhibiting changes in shape and morphology depending on the function they are performing. Additionally, microglia processes make dynamic, physical contacts with different components of their environment to monitor the functional state of the brain and promote plasticity. Though evidence suggests radiation perturbs homeostatic microglia functions, it is unknown how cranial irradiation impacts the dynamic behavior of microglia over time. Here, we paired in vivo two-photon microscopy with a transgenic mouse model that labels cortical microglia to follow these cells and determine how they change over time in cranial irradiated mice and their control littermates. We show that a single dose of 10 Gy cranial irradiation disrupts homeostatic cortical microglia dynamics during a 1-month time course. We found a lasting loss of microglial cells following cranial irradiation, coupled with a modest dysregulation of microglial soma displacement at earlier timepoints. The homogeneous distribution of microglia was maintained, suggesting microglia rearrange themselves to account for cell loss and maintain territorial organization following cranial irradiation. Furthermore, we found cranial irradiation reduced microglia coverage of the parenchyma and their surveillance capacity, without overtly changing morphology. Our results demonstrate that a single dose of radiation can induce changes in microglial behavior and function that could influence neurological health. These results set the foundation for future work examining how cranial irradiation impacts complex cellular dynamics in the brain which could contribute to the manifestation of cognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra O Strohm
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Carl Johnston
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Eric Hernady
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Brian Marples
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - M Kerry O'Banion
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
- Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Ania K Majewska
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
- Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
- Center for Visual Science, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
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4
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Bécam J, Ropars G, Dwiri FA, Brunaud C, Toutain J, Chazalviel L, Naveau M, Valable S, Bernaudin M, Touzani O, Pérès EA. Physical Activity Attenuates Brain Irradiation-Associated Skeletal Muscle Damage in the Rat. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2024; 118:1081-1093. [PMID: 37866760 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Radiation therapy for brain tumors increases patient survival. Nonetheless, side effects are increasingly reported such as cognitive deficits and fatigue. The etiology of fatigue remains poorly described. Our hypothesis is that the abscopal effects of radiation therapy on skeletal muscle may be involved in fatigue. The present study aims to assess the effect of brain irradiation on skeletal muscles and its relationship with fatigue and to analyze whether physical activity could counteract brain radiation-induced side effects. METHODS AND MATERIALS Adult Wistar rats were randomly distributed between 4 groups: control (CTL), irradiated (IR), nonirradiated with physical activity (PA), and irradiated with physical activity (IR+PA). IR rats were exposed to a whole-brain irradiation (WBI) of 30 Gy (3 × 10 Gy). Rats subjected to PA underwent sessions of running on a treadmill, 3 times/week for 6 months. The effects of WBI on muscles were evaluated by complementary approaches: behavioral tests (fatigue, locomotion activity), magnetic resonance imaging, and histologic analyses. RESULTS IR rats displayed a significant fatigue and a reduced locomotor activity at short term compared with the CTL group, which were attenuated with PA at 6 months after WBI. The IR rat's gastrocnemius mass decreased compared with CTL rats, which was reversed by physical activity at 14 days after WBI. Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging of the skeletal muscle highlighted an alteration of the fiber organization in IR rats as demonstrated by a significant decrease of the mean diffusivity in the gastrocnemius at short term. Alteration of fibers was confirmed by histologic analyses: the number of type I fibers was decreased, whereas that of type IIa fibers was increased in IR animals but not in the IR+PA group. CONCLUSIONS The data show that WBI induces skeletal muscle damage, which is attenuated by PA. This muscle damage may explain, at least in part, the fatigue of patients treated with radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Bécam
- Université de Caen Normandie, CNRS, Normandie Université, ISTCT, UMR6030, GIP Cyceron, F-14000 Caen, France
| | - Gwenn Ropars
- Université de Caen Normandie, CNRS, Normandie Université, ISTCT, UMR6030, GIP Cyceron, F-14000 Caen, France
| | - Fatima-Azzahra Dwiri
- Université de Caen Normandie, CNRS, Normandie Université, ISTCT, UMR6030, GIP Cyceron, F-14000 Caen, France
| | - Carole Brunaud
- Université de Caen Normandie, CNRS, Normandie Université, ISTCT, UMR6030, GIP Cyceron, F-14000 Caen, France
| | - Jérôme Toutain
- Université de Caen Normandie, CNRS, Normandie Université, ISTCT, UMR6030, GIP Cyceron, F-14000 Caen, France
| | - Laurent Chazalviel
- Université de Caen Normandie, CNRS, Normandie Université, ISTCT, UMR6030, GIP Cyceron, F-14000 Caen, France
| | - Mikaël Naveau
- Université de Caen Normandie, CNRS, INSERM, CEA, Normandie Université, UAR3408/US50, Cyceron, GIP Cyceron, F-14000 Caen, France
| | - Samuel Valable
- Université de Caen Normandie, CNRS, Normandie Université, ISTCT, UMR6030, GIP Cyceron, F-14000 Caen, France
| | - Myriam Bernaudin
- Université de Caen Normandie, CNRS, Normandie Université, ISTCT, UMR6030, GIP Cyceron, F-14000 Caen, France
| | - Omar Touzani
- Université de Caen Normandie, CNRS, Normandie Université, ISTCT, UMR6030, GIP Cyceron, F-14000 Caen, France
| | - Elodie Anne Pérès
- Université de Caen Normandie, CNRS, Normandie Université, ISTCT, UMR6030, GIP Cyceron, F-14000 Caen, France.
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Seitzman BA, Reynoso FJ, Mitchell TJ, Bice AR, Jarang A, Wang X, Mpoy C, Strong L, Rogers BE, Yuede CM, Rubin JB, Perkins SM, Bauer AQ. Functional network disorganization and cognitive decline following fractionated whole-brain radiation in mice. GeroScience 2024; 46:543-562. [PMID: 37749370 PMCID: PMC10828348 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00944-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive dysfunction following radiotherapy (RT) is one of the most common complications associated with RT delivered to the brain, but the precise mechanisms behind this dysfunction are not well understood, and to date, there are no preventative measures or effective treatments. To improve patient outcomes, a better understanding of the effects of radiation on the brain's functional systems is required. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has shown promise in this regard, however, compared to neural activity, hemodynamic measures of brain function are slow and indirect. Understanding how RT acutely and chronically affects functional brain organization requires more direct examination of temporally evolving neural dynamics as they relate to cerebral hemodynamics for bridging with human studies. In order to adequately study the underlying mechanisms of RT-induced cognitive dysfunction, the development of clinically mimetic RT protocols in animal models is needed. To address these challenges, we developed a fractionated whole-brain RT protocol (3Gy/day for 10 days) and applied longitudinal wide field optical imaging (WFOI) of neural and hemodynamic brain activity at 1, 2, and 3 months post RT. At each time point, mice were subject to repeated behavioral testing across a variety of sensorimotor and cognitive domains. Disruptions in cortical neuronal and hemodynamic activity observed 1 month post RT were significantly worsened by 3 months. While broad changes were observed in functional brain organization post RT, brain regions most impacted by RT occurred within those overlapping with the mouse default mode network and other association areas similar to prior reports in human subjects. Further, significant cognitive deficits were observed following tests of novel object investigation and responses to auditory and contextual cues after fear conditioning. Our results fill a much-needed gap in understanding the effects of whole-brain RT on systems level brain organization and how RT affects neuronal versus hemodynamic signaling in the cortex. Having established a clinically-relevant injury model, future studies can examine therapeutic interventions designed to reduce neuroinflammation-based injury following RT. Given the overlap of sequelae that occur following RT with and without chemotherapy, these tools can also be easily incorporated to examine chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A Seitzman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, 4921 Parkview Place, Campus Box 8224, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Francisco J Reynoso
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, 4921 Parkview Place, Campus Box 8224, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Timothy J Mitchell
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, 4921 Parkview Place, Campus Box 8224, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Annie R Bice
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S. Euclid Ave, Campus Box 8225, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Anmol Jarang
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S. Euclid Ave, Campus Box 8225, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Xiaodan Wang
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S. Euclid Ave, Campus Box 8225, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McKelvey School of Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Cedric Mpoy
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, 4921 Parkview Place, Campus Box 8224, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Lori Strong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, 4921 Parkview Place, Campus Box 8224, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Buck E Rogers
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, 4921 Parkview Place, Campus Box 8224, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Carla M Yuede
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joshua B Rubin
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Stephanie M Perkins
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, 4921 Parkview Place, Campus Box 8224, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| | - Adam Q Bauer
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, 660 S. Euclid Ave, Campus Box 8225, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McKelvey School of Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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6
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Thariat J, Little MP, Zablotska LB, Samson P, O’Banion MK, Leuraud K, Bergom C, Girault G, Azimzadeh O, Bouffler S, Hamada N. Radiotherapy for non-cancer diseases: benefits and long-term risks. Int J Radiat Biol 2024; 100:505-526. [PMID: 38180039 PMCID: PMC11039429 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2295966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The discovery of X-rays was followed by a variety of attempts to treat infectious diseases and various other non-cancer diseases with ionizing radiation, in addition to cancer. There has been a recent resurgence of interest in the use of such radiotherapy for non-cancer diseases. Non-cancer diseases for which use of radiotherapy has currently been proposed include refractory ventricular tachycardia, neurodegenerative diseases (e.g. Alzheimer's disease and dementia), and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia, all with ongoing clinical studies that deliver radiation doses of 0.5-25 Gy in a single fraction or in multiple daily fractions. In addition to such non-cancer effects, historical indications predominantly used in some countries (e.g. Germany) include osteoarthritis and degenerative diseases of the bones and joints. This narrative review gives an overview of the biological rationale and ongoing preclinical and clinical studies for radiotherapy proposed for various non-cancer diseases, discusses the plausibility of the proposed biological rationale, and considers the long-term radiation risks of cancer and non-cancer diseases. CONCLUSIONS A growing body of evidence has suggested that radiation represents a double-edged sword, not only for cancer, but also for non-cancer diseases. At present, clinical evidence has shown some beneficial effects of radiotherapy for ventricular tachycardia, but there is little or no such evidence of radiotherapy for other newly proposed non-cancer diseases (e.g. Alzheimer's disease, COVID-19 pneumonia). Patients with ventricular tachycardia and COVID-19 pneumonia have thus far been treated with radiotherapy when they are an urgent life threat with no efficient alternative treatment, but some survivors may encounter a paradoxical situation where patients were rescued by radiotherapy but then get harmed by radiotherapy. Further studies are needed to justify the clinical use of radiotherapy for non-cancer diseases, and optimize dose to diseased tissue while minimizing dose to healthy tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Thariat
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Centre François Baclesse, Caen, France
- Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire IN2P3, ENSICAEN/CNRS UMR 6534, Normandie Université, Caen, France
| | - Mark P. Little
- Radiation Epidemiology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Lydia B. Zablotska
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Pamela Samson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - M. Kerry O’Banion
- Department of Neuroscience, Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Klervi Leuraud
- Research Department on Biological and Health Effects of Ionizing Radiation (SESANE), Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Carmen Bergom
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Cardio-Oncology Center of Excellence, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Gilles Girault
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre François Baclesse, Medical Library, Caen, France
| | - Omid Azimzadeh
- Federal Office for Radiation Protection (BfS), Section Radiation Biology, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Simon Bouffler
- Radiation Protection Sciences Division, UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA), Chilton, Didcot, UK
| | - Nobuyuki Hamada
- Biology and Environmental Chemistry Division, Sustainable System Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI), Abiko, Chiba, Japan
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Janssen P, De Pauw L, Mambretti M, Lara O, Walckiers J, Mackens L, Rooman I, Guillaume B, De Ridder M, Ates G, Massie A. Characterization of the long-term effects of lethal total body irradiation followed by bone marrow transplantation on the brain of C57BL/6 mice. Int J Radiat Biol 2023; 100:385-398. [PMID: 37976378 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2283092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Total body irradiation (TBI) followed by bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is used in pre-clinical research to generate mouse chimeras that allow to study the function of a protein specifically on immune cells. Adverse consequences of irradiation on the juvenile body and brain are well described and include general fatigue, neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration and cognitive impairment. Yet, the long-term consequences of TBI/BMT performed on healthy adult mice have been poorly investigated. MATERIAL AND METHODS We developed a robust protocol to achieve near complete bone marrow replacement in mice using 2x550cGy TBI and evaluated the impact of the procedure on their general health, mood disturbances, memory, brain atrophy, neurogenesis, neuroinflammation and blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability 2 and/or 16 months post-BMT. RESULTS We found a persistent decrease in weight along with long-term impact on locomotion after TBI and BMT. Although the TBI/BMT procedure did not lead to anxiety- or depressive-like behavior 2- or 16-months post-BMT, long-term spatial memory of the irradiated mice was impaired. We also observed radiation-induced impaired neurogenesis and cortical microglia activation 2 months post-BMT. Moreover, higher levels of hippocampal IgG in aged BMT mice suggest an enhanced age-related increase in BBB permeability that could potentially contribute to the observed memory deficit. CONCLUSIONS Overall health of the mice did not seem to be majorly impacted by TBI followed by BMT during adulthood. Yet, TBI-induced alterations in the brain and behavior could lead to erroneous conclusions on the function of a protein on immune cells when comparing mouse chimeras with different genetic backgrounds that might display altered susceptibility to radiation-induced damage. Ultimately, the BMT model we here present could also be used to study the related long-term consequences of TBI and BMT seen in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Janssen
- Laboratory of Neuro-Aging & Viro-Immunotherapy, Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Medical and Molecular Oncology, Oncology Research Centre (ORC), VUB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - L De Pauw
- Laboratory of Neuro-Aging & Viro-Immunotherapy, Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Mambretti
- Laboratory of Medical and Molecular Oncology, Oncology Research Centre (ORC), VUB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - O Lara
- Laboratory of Neuro-Aging & Viro-Immunotherapy, Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratory of Medical and Molecular Oncology, Oncology Research Centre (ORC), VUB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - J Walckiers
- Laboratory of Neuro-Aging & Viro-Immunotherapy, Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - L Mackens
- Laboratory of Neuro-Aging & Viro-Immunotherapy, Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - I Rooman
- Laboratory of Medical and Molecular Oncology, Oncology Research Centre (ORC), VUB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - B Guillaume
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels, Belgium
- de Duve Institute, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Centre hospitalier de Jolimont, Service de Biochimie Médicale, La Louvière, Belgium
| | - M De Ridder
- Department of Radiotherapy, UZ Brussel, VUB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - G Ates
- Laboratory of Neuro-Aging & Viro-Immunotherapy, Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - A Massie
- Laboratory of Neuro-Aging & Viro-Immunotherapy, Center for Neurosciences (C4N), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
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8
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Sorokina SS, Malkov AE, Rozanova OM, Smirnova EN, Shemyakov AE. Behavioral performance and microglial status in mice after moderate dose of proton irradiation. RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS 2023; 62:497-509. [PMID: 37794305 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-023-01044-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is a remote effect of gamma radiation treatment of malignancies. The major part of the studies on the effect of proton irradiation (a promising alternative in the treatment of radio-resistant tumors and tumors located close to critical organs) on the cognitive abilities of laboratory animals and their relation to morphological changes in the brain is rather contradictory. The aim of this study was to investigate cognitive functions and the dynamics of changes in morphological parameters of hippocampal microglial cells after 7.5 Gy of proton irradiation. Two months after the cranial irradiation, 8- to 9-week-old male SHK mice were tested for total activity, spatial learning, as well as long- and short-term hippocampus-dependent memory. To estimate the morphological parameters of microglia, brain slices of control and irradiated animals each with different time after proton irradiation (24 h, 7 days, 1 month) were stained for microglial marker Iba-1. No changes in behavior or deficits in short-term and long-term hippocampus-dependent memory were found, but an impairment of episodic memory was observed. A change in the morphology of hippocampal microglial cells, which is characteristic of the transition of cells to an activated state, was detected. One day after proton exposure in the brain tissue, a slight decrease in cell density was observed, which was restored to the control level by the 30th day after treatment. The results obtained may be promising with regard to the future use of using high doses of protons per fraction in the irradiation of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Sorokina
- Laboratory of Isotope Investigations, Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics RAS, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia.
| | - A E Malkov
- Laboratory of Neurons Systematic Organization, Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics RAS, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - O M Rozanova
- Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics RAS, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - E N Smirnova
- Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics RAS, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - A E Shemyakov
- Theranostics and Nuclear Medicine Laboratory, Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics RAS, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
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9
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Glotfelty EJ, Hsueh SC, Claybourne Q, Bedolla A, Kopp KO, Wallace T, Zheng B, Luo Y, Karlsson TE, McDevitt RA, Olson L, Greig NH. Microglial Nogo delays recovery following traumatic brain injury in mice. Glia 2023; 71:2473-2494. [PMID: 37401784 PMCID: PMC10528455 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Nogo-A, B, and C are well described members of the reticulon family of proteins, most well known for their negative regulatory effects on central nervous system (CNS) neurite outgrowth and repair following injury. Recent research indicates a relationship between Nogo-proteins and inflammation. Microglia, the brain's immune cells and inflammation-competent compartment, express Nogo protein, although specific roles of the Nogo in these cells is understudied. To examine inflammation-related effects of Nogo, we generated a microglial-specific inducible Nogo KO (MinoKO) mouse and challenged the mouse with a controlled cortical impact (CCI) traumatic brain injury (TBI). Histological analysis shows no difference in brain lesion sizes between MinoKO-CCI and Control-CCI mice, although MinoKO-CCI mice do not exhibit the levels of ipsilateral lateral ventricle enlargement as injury matched controls. Microglial Nogo-KO results in decreased lateral ventricle enlargement, microglial and astrocyte immunoreactivity, and increased microglial morphological complexity compared to injury matched controls, suggesting decreased tissue inflammation. Behaviorally, healthy MinoKO mice do not differ from control mice, but automated tracking of movement around the home cage and stereotypic behavior, such as grooming and eating (termed cage "activation"), following CCI is significantly elevated. Asymmetrical motor function, a deficit typical of unilaterally brain lesioned rodents, was not detected in CCI injured MinoKO mice, while the phenomenon was present in CCI injured controls 1-week post-injury. Overall, our studies show microglial Nogo as a negative regulator of recovery following brain injury. To date, this is the first evaluation of the roles microglial specific Nogo in a rodent injury model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot J. Glotfelty
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Shih-Chang Hsueh
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Quia Claybourne
- Comparative Medicine Section, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Alicia Bedolla
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Katherine O. Kopp
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Tonya Wallace
- Flow Cytometry Unit, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Binhai Zheng
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yu Luo
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | - Ross A. McDevitt
- Comparative Medicine Section, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, USA
| | - Lars Olson
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nigel H. Greig
- Drug Design & Development Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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10
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Allen BD, Alaghband Y, Kramár EA, Ru N, Petit B, Grilj V, Petronek MS, Pulliam CF, Kim RY, Doan NL, Baulch JE, Wood MA, Bailat C, Spitz DR, Vozenin MC, Limoli CL. Elucidating the neurological mechanism of the FLASH effect in juvenile mice exposed to hypofractionated radiotherapy. Neuro Oncol 2023; 25:927-939. [PMID: 36334265 PMCID: PMC10158064 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ultrahigh dose-rate radiotherapy (FLASH-RT) affords improvements in the therapeutic index by minimizing normal tissue toxicities without compromising antitumor efficacy compared to conventional dose-rate radiotherapy (CONV-RT). To investigate the translational potential of FLASH-RT to a human pediatric medulloblastoma brain tumor, we used a radiosensitive juvenile mouse model to assess adverse long-term neurological outcomes. METHODS Cohorts of 3-week-old male and female C57Bl/6 mice exposed to hypofractionated (2 × 10 Gy, FLASH-RT or CONV-RT) whole brain irradiation and unirradiated controls underwent behavioral testing to ascertain cognitive status four months posttreatment. Animals were sacrificed 6 months post-irradiation and tissues were analyzed for neurological and cerebrovascular decrements. RESULTS The neurological impact of FLASH-RT was analyzed over a 6-month follow-up. FLASH-RT ameliorated neurocognitive decrements induced by CONV-RT and preserved synaptic plasticity and integrity at the electrophysiological (long-term potentiation), molecular (synaptophysin), and structural (Bassoon/Homer-1 bouton) levels in multiple brain regions. The benefits of FLASH-RT were also linked to reduced neuroinflammation (activated microglia) and the preservation of the cerebrovascular structure, by maintaining aquaporin-4 levels and minimizing microglia colocalized to vessels. CONCLUSIONS Hypofractionated FLASH-RT affords significant and long-term normal tissue protection in the radiosensitive juvenile mouse brain when compared to CONV-RT. The capability of FLASH-RT to preserve critical cognitive outcomes and electrophysiological properties over 6-months is noteworthy and highlights its potential for resolving long-standing complications faced by pediatric brain tumor survivors. While care must be exercised before clinical translation is realized, present findings document the marked benefits of FLASH-RT that extend from synapse to cognition and the microvasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barrett D Allen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2695, USA
| | - Yasaman Alaghband
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2695, USA
| | - Eniko A Kramár
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Ning Ru
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2695, USA
| | - Benoit Petit
- Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Veljko Grilj
- Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michael S Petronek
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Casey F Pulliam
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Rachel Y Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2695, USA
| | - Ngoc-Lien Doan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2695, USA
| | - Janet E Baulch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2695, USA
| | - Marcelo A Wood
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Claude Bailat
- Institute of Radiation Physics/CHUV, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Douglas R Spitz
- Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Marie-Catherine Vozenin
- Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Charles L Limoli
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2695, USA
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11
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Zablotska LB, Zupunski L, Leuraud K, Lopes J, Hinkle J, Pugeda T, Delgado T, Olschowka J, Williams J, O’Banion MK, Boice JD, Cohen SS, Mumma MT, Dauer LT, Britten RA, Stephenson S. Radiation and CNS effects: summary of evidence from a recent symposium of the Radiation Research Society. Int J Radiat Biol 2022; 99:1332-1342. [PMID: 36318723 PMCID: PMC10759179 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2023.2142984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
This article summarizes a Symposium on 'Radiation risks of the central nervous system' held virtually at the 67th Annual Meeting of the Radiation Research Society, 3-6 October 2021. Repeated low-dose radiation exposure over a certain period could lead to reduced neuronal proliferation, altered neurogenesis, neuroinflammation and various neurological complications, including psychological consequences, necessitating further research in these areas. Four speakers from radiation biology, genetics and epidemiology presented the latest data from their studies seeking insights into this important topic. This symposium highlighted new and important directions for further research on mental health disorders, neurodegenerative conditions and cognitive impairment. Future studies will examine risks of mental and behavioral disorders and neurodegenerative diseases following protracted radiation exposures to better understand risks of occupational exposures as well as provide insights into risks from exposures to galactic cosmic rays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia B. Zablotska
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ljubica Zupunski
- Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Klervi Leuraud
- Laboratory of Epidemiology (LEPID), Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Julie Lopes
- Laboratory of Epidemiology (LEPID), Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Joshua Hinkle
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
- Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Tyler Pugeda
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
- Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Thomas Delgado
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
- Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - John Olschowka
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
- Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Jacqueline Williams
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
- Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - M. Kerry O’Banion
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
- Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
- Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - John D. Boice
- National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sarah S. Cohen
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- EpidStrategies, Cary, NC, USA
| | - Michael T. Mumma
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- International Epidemiology Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | | | - Richard A. Britten
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Samuel Stephenson
- School of Medicine, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, USA
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12
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Kerry O'Banion M. Microglia: Rheostats of space radiation effects in the CNS microenvironment. LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2022; 35:180-186. [PMID: 36336364 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2022.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Microglia are innate immune cells within the brain that arise from a distinct myeloid lineage. Like other tissue resident macrophages, microglia respond to injury or immune challenges and participate in reparative processes such as phagocytosis to preserve normal function. Importantly, they also participate in normal homeostatic processes including maintenance of neurogenic niches and synaptic plasticity associated with development. This review highlights aspects of microglial biology and how repeated insults that occur with age, neurodegenerative disease and possibly radiation exposure may heighten microglial responses and contribute to their dysfunction, creating a situation where their normal reparative mechanisms are no longer sufficient to maintain brain health. These ideas are discussed in the context of an evolving literature focused on microglial responses as possible targets for mitigation of late CNS radiation effects that represent potential risks for future exploration of deep space environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kerry O'Banion
- Department of Neuroscience, USA; Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, USA; Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
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13
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Miller KB, Mi KL, Nelson GA, Norman RB, Patel ZS, Huff JL. Ionizing radiation, cerebrovascular disease, and consequent dementia: A review and proposed framework relevant to space radiation exposure. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1008640. [PMID: 36388106 PMCID: PMC9640983 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1008640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Space exploration requires the characterization and management or mitigation of a variety of human health risks. Exposure to space radiation is one of the main health concerns because it has the potential to increase the risk of cancer, cardiovascular disease, and both acute and late neurodegeneration. Space radiation-induced decrements to the vascular system may impact the risk for cerebrovascular disease and consequent dementia. These risks may be independent or synergistic with direct damage to central nervous system tissues. The purpose of this work is to review epidemiological and experimental data regarding the impact of low-to-moderate dose ionizing radiation on the central nervous system and the cerebrovascular system. A proposed framework outlines how space radiation-induced effects on the vasculature may increase risk for both cerebrovascular dysfunction and neural and cognitive adverse outcomes. The results of this work suggest that there are multiple processes by which ionizing radiation exposure may impact cerebrovascular function including increases in oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, endothelial cell dysfunction, arterial stiffening, atherosclerosis, and cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Cerebrovascular adverse outcomes may also promote neural and cognitive adverse outcomes. However, there are many gaps in both the human and preclinical evidence base regarding the long-term impact of ionizing radiation exposure on brain health due to heterogeneity in both exposures and outcomes. The unique composition of the space radiation environment makes the translation of the evidence base from terrestrial exposures to space exposures difficult. Additional investigation and understanding of the impact of low-to-moderate doses of ionizing radiation including high (H) atomic number (Z) and energy (E) (HZE) ions on the cerebrovascular system is needed. Furthermore, investigation of how decrements in vascular systems may contribute to development of neurodegenerative diseases in independent or synergistic pathways is important for protecting the long-term health of astronauts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gregory A. Nelson
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Biomedical Engineering Sciences, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
- NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, United States
- KBR Inc., Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ryan B. Norman
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, United States
| | - Zarana S. Patel
- NASA Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, United States
- KBR Inc., Houston, TX, United States
| | - Janice L. Huff
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, United States
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14
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Wu MY, Zou WJ, Yu P, Yang Y, Li SJ, Liu Q, Xie J, Chen SQ, Lin WJ, Tang Y. Cranial irradiation impairs intrinsic excitability and synaptic plasticity of hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons with implications for cognitive function. Neural Regen Res 2022; 17:2253-2259. [PMID: 35259846 PMCID: PMC9083168 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.336875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy is a standard treatment for head and neck tumors. However, patients often exhibit cognitive impairments following radiation therapy. Previous studies have revealed that hippocampal dysfunction, specifically abnormal hippocampal neurogenesis or neuroinflammation, plays a key role in radiation-induced cognitive impairment. However, the long-term effects of radiation with respect to the electrophysiological adaptation of hippocampal neurons remain poorly characterized. We found that mice exhibited cognitive impairment 3 months after undergoing 10 minutes of cranial irradiation at a dose rate of 3 Gy/min. Furthermore, we observed a remarkable reduction in spike firing and excitatory synaptic input, as well as greatly enhanced inhibitory inputs, in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons. Corresponding to the electrophysiological adaptation, we found reduced expression of synaptic plasticity marker VGLUT1 and increased expression of VGAT. Furthermore, in irradiated mice, long-term potentiation in the hippocampus was weakened and GluR1 expression was inhibited. These findings suggest that radiation can impair intrinsic excitability and synaptic plasticity in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Yi Wu
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wen-Jun Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Key Laboratory of Psychiatric Disorders of Guangdong Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurobiology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Pei Yu
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yuhua Yang
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shao-Jian Li
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jiatian Xie
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Si-Qi Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wei-Jye Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine; Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yamei Tang
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital; Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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15
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Hocking MC, Schultz RT, Minturn JE, Brodsky C, Albee M, Herrington JD. Reduced Fusiform Gyrus Activation During Face Processing in Pediatric Brain Tumor Survivors. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2022; 28:937-946. [PMID: 34605383 PMCID: PMC8977397 DOI: 10.1017/s135561772100117x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The neural mechanisms contributing to the social problems of pediatric brain tumor survivors (PBTS) are unknown. Face processing is important to social communication, social behavior, and peer acceptance. Research with other populations with social difficulties, namely autism spectrum disorder, suggests atypical brain activation in areas important for face processing. This case-controlled functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study compared brain activation during face processing in PBTS and typically developing (TD) youth. METHODS Participants included 36 age-, gender-, and IQ-matched youth (N = 18 per group). PBTS were at least 5 years from diagnosis and 2 years from the completion of tumor therapy. fMRI data were acquired during a face identity task and a control condition. Groups were compared on activation magnitude within the fusiform gyrus for the faces condition compared to the control condition. Correlational analyses evaluated associations between neuroimaging metrics and indices of social behavior for PBTS participants. RESULTS Both groups demonstrated face-specific activation within the social brain for the faces condition compared to the control condition. PBTS showed significantly decreased activation for faces in the medial portions of the fusiform gyrus bilaterally compared to TD youth, ps ≤ .004. Higher peak activity in the left fusiform gyrus was associated with better socialization (r = .53, p < .05). CONCLUSIONS This study offers initial evidence of atypical activation in a key face processing area in PBTS. Such atypical activation may underlie some of the social difficulties of PBTS. Social cognitive neuroscience methodologies may elucidate the neurobiological bases for PBTS social behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew C. Hocking
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Correspondence and reprint requests to: Matthew C. Hocking, Ph.D., Division of Oncology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Blvd., 1427B Abramson Pediatric Research Center, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Robert T. Schultz
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jane E. Minturn
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Cole Brodsky
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - May Albee
- Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 3401 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - John D. Herrington
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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16
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Liu Q, Huang Y, Duan M, Yang Q, Ren B, Tang F. Microglia as Therapeutic Target for Radiation-Induced Brain Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158286. [PMID: 35955439 PMCID: PMC9368164 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation-induced brain injury (RIBI) after radiotherapy has become an increasingly important factor affecting the prognosis of patients with head and neck tumor. With the delivery of high doses of radiation to brain tissue, microglia rapidly transit to a pro-inflammatory phenotype, upregulate phagocytic machinery, and reduce the release of neurotrophic factors. Persistently activated microglia mediate the progression of chronic neuroinflammation, which may inhibit brain neurogenesis leading to the occurrence of neurocognitive disorders at the advanced stage of RIBI. Fully understanding the microglial pathophysiology and cellular and molecular mechanisms after irradiation may facilitate the development of novel therapy by targeting microglia to prevent RIBI and subsequent neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Liu
- The School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China; (Q.L.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yan Huang
- The School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China; (Q.L.); (Y.H.)
| | - Mengyun Duan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China; (M.D.); (Q.Y.)
| | - Qun Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China; (M.D.); (Q.Y.)
| | - Boxu Ren
- The School of Basic Medicine, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China; (Q.L.); (Y.H.)
- Correspondence: (B.R.); (F.T.)
| | - Fengru Tang
- Radiation Physiology Laboratory, Singapore Nuclear Research and Safety Initiative, National University of Singapore, Singapore 138602, Singapore
- Correspondence: (B.R.); (F.T.)
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17
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Fernández-Castañeda A, Lu P, Geraghty AC, Song E, Lee MH, Wood J, O'Dea MR, Dutton S, Shamardani K, Nwangwu K, Mancusi R, Yalçın B, Taylor KR, Acosta-Alvarez L, Malacon K, Keough MB, Ni L, Woo PJ, Contreras-Esquivel D, Toland AMS, Gehlhausen JR, Klein J, Takahashi T, Silva J, Israelow B, Lucas C, Mao T, Peña-Hernández MA, Tabachnikova A, Homer RJ, Tabacof L, Tosto-Mancuso J, Breyman E, Kontorovich A, McCarthy D, Quezado M, Vogel H, Hefti MM, Perl DP, Liddelow S, Folkerth R, Putrino D, Nath A, Iwasaki A, Monje M. Mild respiratory COVID can cause multi-lineage neural cell and myelin dysregulation. Cell 2022; 185:2452-2468.e16. [PMID: 35768006 PMCID: PMC9189143 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 103.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
COVID survivors frequently experience lingering neurological symptoms that resemble cancer-therapy-related cognitive impairment, a syndrome for which white matter microglial reactivity and consequent neural dysregulation is central. Here, we explored the neurobiological effects of respiratory SARS-CoV-2 infection and found white-matter-selective microglial reactivity in mice and humans. Following mild respiratory COVID in mice, persistently impaired hippocampal neurogenesis, decreased oligodendrocytes, and myelin loss were evident together with elevated CSF cytokines/chemokines including CCL11. Systemic CCL11 administration specifically caused hippocampal microglial reactivity and impaired neurogenesis. Concordantly, humans with lasting cognitive symptoms post-COVID exhibit elevated CCL11 levels. Compared with SARS-CoV-2, mild respiratory influenza in mice caused similar patterns of white-matter-selective microglial reactivity, oligodendrocyte loss, impaired neurogenesis, and elevated CCL11 at early time points, but after influenza, only elevated CCL11 and hippocampal pathology persisted. These findings illustrate similar neuropathophysiology after cancer therapy and respiratory SARS-CoV-2 infection which may contribute to cognitive impairment following even mild COVID.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peiwen Lu
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Anna C Geraghty
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Eric Song
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Myoung-Hwa Lee
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jamie Wood
- Abilities Research Center, Department of Rehabilitation and Human Performance, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael R O'Dea
- Neuroscience Institute, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Selena Dutton
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kiarash Shamardani
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kamsi Nwangwu
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca Mancusi
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Belgin Yalçın
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kathryn R Taylor
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lehi Acosta-Alvarez
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Karen Malacon
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael B Keough
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Lijun Ni
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Pamelyn J Woo
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jon Klein
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Julio Silva
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Carolina Lucas
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Tianyang Mao
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | | | - Robert J Homer
- Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Laura Tabacof
- Abilities Research Center, Department of Rehabilitation and Human Performance, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jenna Tosto-Mancuso
- Abilities Research Center, Department of Rehabilitation and Human Performance, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Erica Breyman
- Abilities Research Center, Department of Rehabilitation and Human Performance, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amy Kontorovich
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dayna McCarthy
- Abilities Research Center, Department of Rehabilitation and Human Performance, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Hannes Vogel
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Marco M Hefti
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Daniel P Perl
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shane Liddelow
- Neuroscience Institute, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Departments of Neuroscience & Physiology and of Ophthalmology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Parekh Center for Interdisciplinary Neurology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - David Putrino
- Abilities Research Center, Department of Rehabilitation and Human Performance, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Avindra Nath
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Akiko Iwasaki
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Michelle Monje
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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18
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Al Dahhan NZ, Cox E, Nieman BJ, Mabbott DJ. Cross-translational models of late-onset cognitive sequelae and their treatment in pediatric brain tumor survivors. Neuron 2022; 110:2215-2241. [PMID: 35523175 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric brain tumor treatments have a high success rate, but survivors are at risk of cognitive sequelae that impact long-term quality of life. We summarize recent clinical and animal model research addressing pathogenesis or evaluating candidate interventions for treatment-induced cognitive sequelae. Assayed interventions encompass a broad range of approaches, including modifications to radiotherapy, modulation of immune response, prevention of treatment-induced cell loss or promotion of cell renewal, manipulation of neuronal signaling, and lifestyle/environmental adjustments. We further emphasize the potential of neuroimaging as a key component of cross-translation to contextualize laboratory research within broader clinical findings. This cross-translational approach has the potential to accelerate discovery to improve pediatric cancer survivors' long-term quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Z Al Dahhan
- Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Cox
- Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Brian J Nieman
- Translational Medicine, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Mouse Imaging Centre, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Donald J Mabbott
- Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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19
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Owlett LD, Karaahmet B, Le L, Belcher EK, Dionisio-Santos D, Olschowka JA, Elliott MR, O'Banion MK. Gas6 induces inflammation and reduces plaque burden but worsens behavior in a sex-dependent manner in the APP/PS1 model of Alzheimer's disease. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:38. [PMID: 35130912 PMCID: PMC8822838 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02397-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease is the leading cause of dementia worldwide. TAM receptor tyrosine kinases (Tyro3, Axl, MerTK) are known for their role in engagement of phagocytosis and modulation of inflammation, and recent evidence suggests a complex relationship between Axl, Mer, and microglial phagocytosis of amyloid plaques in AD. Gas6, the primary CNS TAM ligand, reduces neuroinflammation and improves outcomes in murine models of CNS disease. Therefore, we hypothesized that AAV-mediated overexpression of Gas6 would alleviate plaque pathology, reduce neuroinflammation, and improve behavior in the APP/PS1 model of Alzheimer's disease. METHODS Adeno-associated viral vectors were used to overexpress Gas6 in the APP/PS1 model of Alzheimer's disease. Nine-month-old male and female APP/PS1 and nontransgenic littermates received bilateral stereotactic hippocampal injections of AAV-Gas6 or AAV-control, which expresses a non-functional Gas6 protein. One month after injections, mice underwent a battery of behavioral tasks to assess cognitive function and brains were processed for immunohistochemical and transcriptional analyses. RESULTS Gas6 overexpression reduced plaque burden in male APP/PS1 mice. However, contrary to our hypothesis, Gas6 increased pro-inflammatory microglial gene expression and worsened contextual fear conditioning compared to control-treated mice. Gas6 overexpression appeared to have no effect on phagocytic mechanisms in vitro or in vivo as measured by CD68 immunohistochemistry, microglial methoxy-04 uptake, and primary microglial uptake of fluorescent fibrillar amyloid beta. CONCLUSION Our data describes a triad of worsened behavior, reduced plaque number, and an increase in proinflammatory signaling in a sex-specific manner. While Gas6 has historically induced anti-inflammatory signatures in the peripheral nervous system, our data suggest an alternative, proinflammatory role in the context of Alzheimer's disease pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura D Owlett
- Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Berke Karaahmet
- Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Linh Le
- Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Elizabeth K Belcher
- Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Dawling Dionisio-Santos
- Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - John A Olschowka
- Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Michael R Elliott
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - M Kerry O'Banion
- Del Monte Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
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20
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Fernández-Castañeda A, Lu P, Geraghty AC, Song E, Lee MH, Wood J, Yalçın B, Taylor KR, Dutton S, Acosta-Alvarez L, Ni L, Contreras-Esquivel D, Gehlhausen JR, Klein J, Lucas C, Mao T, Silva J, Peña-Hernández MA, Tabachnikova A, Takahashi T, Tabacof L, Tosto-Mancuso J, Breyman E, Kontorovich A, McCarthy D, Quezado M, Hefti M, Perl D, Folkerth R, Putrino D, Nath A, Iwasaki A, Monje M. Mild respiratory SARS-CoV-2 infection can cause multi-lineage cellular dysregulation and myelin loss in the brain. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2022:2022.01.07.475453. [PMID: 35043113 PMCID: PMC8764721 DOI: 10.1101/2022.01.07.475453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Survivors of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection frequently experience lingering neurological symptoms, including impairment in attention, concentration, speed of information processing and memory. This long-COVID cognitive syndrome shares many features with the syndrome of cancer therapy-related cognitive impairment (CRCI). Neuroinflammation, particularly microglial reactivity and consequent dysregulation of hippocampal neurogenesis and oligodendrocyte lineage cells, is central to CRCI. We hypothesized that similar cellular mechanisms may contribute to the persistent neurological symptoms associated with even mild SARS-CoV-2 respiratory infection. Here, we explored neuroinflammation caused by mild respiratory SARS-CoV-2 infection - without neuroinvasion - and effects on hippocampal neurogenesis and the oligodendroglial lineage. Using a mouse model of mild respiratory SARS-CoV-2 infection induced by intranasal SARS-CoV-2 delivery, we found white matter-selective microglial reactivity, a pattern observed in CRCI. Human brain tissue from 9 individuals with COVID-19 or SARS-CoV-2 infection exhibits the same pattern of prominent white matter-selective microglial reactivity. In mice, pro-inflammatory CSF cytokines/chemokines were elevated for at least 7-weeks post-infection; among the chemokines demonstrating persistent elevation is CCL11, which is associated with impairments in neurogenesis and cognitive function. Humans experiencing long-COVID with cognitive symptoms (48 subjects) similarly demonstrate elevated CCL11 levels compared to those with long-COVID who lack cognitive symptoms (15 subjects). Impaired hippocampal neurogenesis, decreased oligodendrocytes and myelin loss in subcortical white matter were evident at 1 week, and persisted until at least 7 weeks, following mild respiratory SARS-CoV-2 infection in mice. Taken together, the findings presented here illustrate striking similarities between neuropathophysiology after cancer therapy and after SARS-CoV-2 infection, and elucidate cellular deficits that may contribute to lasting neurological symptoms following even mild SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peiwen Lu
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven CT USA
| | - Anna C. Geraghty
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford CA USA
| | - Eric Song
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven CT USA
| | - Myoung-Hwa Lee
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Besthesda MD USA
| | - Jamie Wood
- Abilities Research Center, Department of Rehabilitation and Human Performance, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - Belgin Yalçın
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford CA USA
| | - Kathryn R. Taylor
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford CA USA
| | - Selena Dutton
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford CA USA
| | - Lehi Acosta-Alvarez
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford CA USA
| | - Lijun Ni
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford CA USA
| | | | | | - Jon Klein
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven CT USA
| | - Carolina Lucas
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven CT USA
| | - Tianyang Mao
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven CT USA
| | - Julio Silva
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven CT USA
| | | | | | | | - Laura Tabacof
- Abilities Research Center, Department of Rehabilitation and Human Performance, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - Jenna Tosto-Mancuso
- Abilities Research Center, Department of Rehabilitation and Human Performance, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - Erica Breyman
- Abilities Research Center, Department of Rehabilitation and Human Performance, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - Amy Kontorovich
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - Dayna McCarthy
- Abilities Research Center, Department of Rehabilitation and Human Performance, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | | | - Marco Hefti
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA
| | - Daniel Perl
- Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences, Bethesda MD USA
| | | | - David Putrino
- Abilities Research Center, Department of Rehabilitation and Human Performance, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - Avi Nath
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Besthesda MD USA
| | - Akiko Iwasaki
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University, New Haven CT USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University, New Haven CT USA
| | - Michelle Monje
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford CA USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford CA USA
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21
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Soler I, Yun S, Reynolds RP, Whoolery CW, Tran FH, Kumar PL, Rong Y, DeSalle MJ, Gibson AD, Stowe AM, Kiffer FC, Eisch AJ. Multi-Domain Touchscreen-Based Cognitive Assessment of C57BL/6J Female Mice Shows Whole-Body Exposure to 56Fe Particle Space Radiation in Maturity Improves Discrimination Learning Yet Impairs Stimulus-Response Rule-Based Habit Learning. Front Behav Neurosci 2021; 15:722780. [PMID: 34707486 PMCID: PMC8543003 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.722780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Astronauts during interplanetary missions will be exposed to galactic cosmic radiation, including charged particles like 56Fe. Most preclinical studies with mature, "astronaut-aged" rodents suggest space radiation diminishes performance in classical hippocampal- and prefrontal cortex-dependent tasks. However, a rodent cognitive touchscreen battery unexpectedly revealed 56Fe radiation improves the performance of C57BL/6J male mice in a hippocampal-dependent task (discrimination learning) without changing performance in a striatal-dependent task (rule-based learning). As there are conflicting results on whether the female rodent brain is preferentially injured by or resistant to charged particle exposure, and as the proportion of female vs. male astronauts is increasing, further study on how charged particles influence the touchscreen cognitive performance of female mice is warranted. We hypothesized that, similar to mature male mice, mature female C57BL/6J mice exposed to fractionated whole-body 56Fe irradiation (3 × 6.7cGy 56Fe over 5 days, 600 MeV/n) would improve performance vs. Sham conditions in touchscreen tasks relevant to hippocampal and prefrontal cortical function [e.g., location discrimination reversal (LDR) and extinction, respectively]. In LDR, 56Fe female mice more accurately discriminated two discrete conditioned stimuli relative to Sham mice, suggesting improved hippocampal function. However, 56Fe and Sham female mice acquired a new simple stimulus-response behavior and extinguished this acquired behavior at similar rates, suggesting similar prefrontal cortical function. Based on prior work on multiple memory systems, we next tested whether improved hippocampal-dependent function (discrimination learning) came at the expense of striatal stimulus-response rule-based habit learning (visuomotor conditional learning). Interestingly, 56Fe female mice took more days to reach criteria in this striatal-dependent rule-based test relative to Sham mice. Together, our data support the idea of competition between memory systems, as an 56Fe-induced decrease in striatal-based learning is associated with enhanced hippocampal-based learning. These data emphasize the power of using a touchscreen-based battery to advance our understanding of the effects of space radiation on mission critical cognitive function in females, and underscore the importance of preclinical space radiation risk studies measuring multiple cognitive processes, thereby preventing NASA's risk assessments from being based on a single cognitive domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Soler
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Sanghee Yun
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ryan P. Reynolds
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Cody W. Whoolery
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Fionya H. Tran
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Priya L. Kumar
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yuying Rong
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Matthew J. DeSalle
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Adam D. Gibson
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ann M. Stowe
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Therapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Frederico C. Kiffer
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Amelia J. Eisch
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
- Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, Mahoney Institute for Neurosciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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22
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Yarmoska SK, Alawieh AM, Tomlinson S, Hoang KB. Modulation of the Complement System by Neoplastic Disease of the Central Nervous System. Front Immunol 2021; 12:689435. [PMID: 34671342 PMCID: PMC8521155 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.689435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement system is a highly conserved component of innate immunity that is involved in recognizing and responding to pathogens. The system serves as a bridge between innate and adaptive immunity, and modulation of the complement system can affect the entire host immune response to a foreign insult. Neoplastic diseases have been shown to engage the complement system in order to evade the immune system, gain a selective growth advantage, and co-opt the surrounding environment for tumor proliferation. Historically, the central nervous system has been considered to be an immune-privileged environment, but it is now clear that there are active roles for both innate and adaptive immunity within the central nervous system. Much of the research on the role of immunological modulation of neoplastic disease within the central nervous system has focused on adaptive immunity, even though innate immunity still plays a critical role in the natural history of central nervous system neoplasms. Here, we review the modulation of the complement system by a variety of neoplastic diseases of the central nervous system. We also discuss gaps in the current body of knowledge and comment on future directions for investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven K. Yarmoska
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Ali M. Alawieh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Stephen Tomlinson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Kimberly B. Hoang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
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23
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Gomez-Arboledas A, Acharya MM, Tenner AJ. The Role of Complement in Synaptic Pruning and Neurodegeneration. Immunotargets Ther 2021; 10:373-386. [PMID: 34595138 PMCID: PMC8478425 DOI: 10.2147/itt.s305420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The complement system, an essential part of the innate immune system, is composed of a group of secreted and membrane proteins that collectively participate in maintaining the function of the healthy and diseased brain. However, an inappropriate activation of the complement system has been related to an inflammatory response in multiple diseases, such as stroke, traumatic brain injury, multiple sclerosis, and Alzheimer's disease, as well as Zika infection and radiotherapy. In addition, C1q and C3 (initial activation components of the complement cascade) have been shown to play a key beneficial role in the refinement of synaptic circuits during developmental stages and adult plasticity. Nevertheless, excessive synaptic pruning in the adult brain can be detrimental and has been associated with synaptic loss in several pathological conditions. In this brief review, we will discuss the role of the complement system in synaptic pruning as well as its contribution to neurodegeneration and cognitive deficits. We also mention potential therapeutic approaches to target the complement system to treat several neuroinflammatory diseases and unintended consequences of radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Gomez-Arboledas
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Munjal M Acharya
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Andrea J Tenner
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.,Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA
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24
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Boyd A, Byrne S, Middleton RJ, Banati RB, Liu GJ. Control of Neuroinflammation through Radiation-Induced Microglial Changes. Cells 2021; 10:2381. [PMID: 34572030 PMCID: PMC8468704 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia, the innate immune cells of the central nervous system, play a pivotal role in the modulation of neuroinflammation. Neuroinflammation has been implicated in many diseases of the CNS, including Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. It is well documented that microglial activation, initiated by a variety of stressors, can trigger a potentially destructive neuroinflammatory response via the release of pro-inflammatory molecules, and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. However, the potential anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects that microglia are also thought to exhibit have been under-investigated. The application of ionising radiation at different doses and dose schedules may reveal novel methods for the control of microglial response to stressors, potentially highlighting avenues for treatment of neuroinflammation associated CNS disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. There remains a need to characterise the response of microglia to radiation, particularly low dose ionising radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Boyd
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Sydney, NSW 2234, Australia; (A.B.); (S.B.); (R.J.M.); (R.B.B.)
| | - Sarah Byrne
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Sydney, NSW 2234, Australia; (A.B.); (S.B.); (R.J.M.); (R.B.B.)
| | - Ryan J. Middleton
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Sydney, NSW 2234, Australia; (A.B.); (S.B.); (R.J.M.); (R.B.B.)
| | - Richard B. Banati
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Sydney, NSW 2234, Australia; (A.B.); (S.B.); (R.J.M.); (R.B.B.)
- Discipline of Medical Imaging & Radiation Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Guo-Jun Liu
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Sydney, NSW 2234, Australia; (A.B.); (S.B.); (R.J.M.); (R.B.B.)
- Discipline of Medical Imaging & Radiation Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
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25
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Liu M, Yang Y, Zhao B, Yang Y, Wang J, Shen K, Yang X, Hu D, Zheng G, Han J. Exosomes Derived From Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Ameliorate Radiation-Induced Brain Injury by Activating the SIRT1 Pathway. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:693782. [PMID: 34395427 PMCID: PMC8358610 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.693782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Studies have shown that the therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are mediated in a paracrine manner, mainly through extracellular vesicles such as exosomes. Here, we designed a study to investigate whether exosomes derived from adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSC-Exos) had protective effects in a rat model of radiation-induced brain injury and in microglia. Methods Male adult Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into three groups: the control group, the radiation group (30 Gy), and the radiation + exosomes group (30 Gy + 100 ug exosomes). Meanwhile, microglia were divided into four groups: the control group, the radiation group (10 Gy), the radiation + exosomes group (10 Gy + 4 ug exosomes), and radiation + exosomes + EX527 group (10 Gy + 4 ug exosomes + 100 nM EX527). Tissue samples and the levels of oxidative stress and inflammatory factors in each group were compared. Results Statistical analysis showed that after irradiation, ADMSC-Exos intervention in vivo significantly reduced the levels of caspase-3, malondialdehyde (MDA), 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-4 (IL-4), and promoted the recovery of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), IL-4, and IL-10. Moreover, ADMSC-Exos intervention inhibited microglial infiltration and promoted the expression of SIRT1. Furthermore, the results in vitro showed that the above effects of ADMSC-Exos could be reversed by SIRT-1 inhibitor EX527. Conclusion This study demonstrated that ADMSC-Exos exerted protective effects against radiation-induced brain injury by reducing oxidative stress, inflammation and microglial infiltration via activating the SIRT1 pathway. ADMSC-Exos may serve as a promising therapeutic tool for radiation-induced brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengdong Liu
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yunshu Yang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yuefan Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kuo Shen
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xuekang Yang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Dahai Hu
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Guoxu Zheng
- State key laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Immunology, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Juntao Han
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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26
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Whitelaw BS, Tanny S, Johnston CJ, Majewska AK, O'Banion MK, Marples B. In Vivo Imaging of the Microglial Landscape After Whole Brain Radiation Therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021; 111:1066-1071. [PMID: 34314813 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) is an important treatment for patients with multiple brain metastases, but can also cause cognitive deterioration. Microglia, the resident immune cells of the brain, promote a proinflammatory environment and likely contribute to cognitive decline after WBRT. To investigate the temporal dynamics of the microglial reaction in individual mice to WBRT, we developed a novel in vivo experimental model using cranial window implants and longitudinal imaging. METHODS AND MATERIALS Chronic cranial windows were surgically implanted over the somatosensory cortex of transgenic Cx3cr1-enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)/+ C57BL/6 mice, where microglia were fluorescently tagged with EGFP. Cx3cr1-EGFP/+ mice were also crossed with Thy1-YFP mice to fluorescently dual label microglia and subsets of neurons throughout the brain. Three weeks after window implantation and recovery, computed tomography image guided WBRT was delivered (single dose 10 Gy using two 5 Gy parallel-opposed lateral beams). Radiation dosing was confirmed using radiochromic film. Then, in vivo 2-photon microscopy was used to longitudinally image the microglial landscape and microglial motility at 7 days and 16 days after irradiation in the same mice. RESULTS Film dosimetry confirmed the average delivered dose per beam at midpoint was accurate within 2%, with no attenuation from the window frame. By 7 days after WBRT, significant changes in the microglial landscape were seen, characterized by apparent loss of microglial cells (20%) and significant rearrangements of microglial location with time after irradiation (36% of cells not found in original location). CONCLUSIONS Using longitudinal in vivo 2-photon imaging, this study demonstrated the feasibility of imaging microglia-neuron interactions and defining how microglia react to WBRT in the same mouse. Having demonstrated utility of the model, this experimental paradigm can be used to investigate the dynamic changes of many different brain cell types and their interactions after WBRT and uncover the underlying cellular mechanisms of WBRT-induced cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ania K Majewska
- Department of Neuroscience; Center for Visual Science; Del Monte Neuroscience Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - M Kerry O'Banion
- Department of Neuroscience; Department of Neurology; Del Monte Neuroscience Institute, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
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Boerma M, Davis CM, Jackson IL, Schaue D, Williams JP. All for one, though not one for all: team players in normal tissue radiobiology. Int J Radiat Biol 2021; 98:346-366. [PMID: 34129427 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2021.1941383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE As part of the special issue on 'Women in Science', this review offers a perspective on past and ongoing work in the field of normal (non-cancer) tissue radiation biology, highlighting the work of many of the leading contributors to this field of research. We discuss some of the hypotheses that have guided investigations, with a focus on some of the critical organs considered dose-limiting with respect to radiation therapy, and speculate on where the field needs to go in the future. CONCLUSIONS The scope of work that makes up normal tissue radiation biology has and continues to play a pivotal role in the radiation sciences, ensuring the most effective application of radiation in imaging and therapy, as well as contributing to radiation protection efforts. However, despite the proven historical value of preclinical findings, recent decades have seen clinical practice move ahead with altered fractionation scheduling based on empirical observations, with little to no (or even negative) supporting scientific data. Given our current appreciation of the complexity of normal tissue radiation responses and their temporal variability, with tissue- and/or organ-specific mechanisms that include intra-, inter- and extracellular messaging, as well as contributions from systemic compartments, such as the immune system, the need to maintain a positive therapeutic ratio has never been more urgent. Importantly, mitigation and treatment strategies, whether for the clinic, emergency use following accidental or deliberate releases, or reducing occupational risk, will likely require multi-targeted approaches that involve both local and systemic intervention. From our personal perspective as five 'Women in Science', we would like to acknowledge and applaud the role that many female scientists have played in this field. We stand on the shoulders of those who have gone before, some of whom are fellow contributors to this special issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Boerma
- Division of Radiation Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Catherine M Davis
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Isabel L Jackson
- Division of Translational Radiation Sciences, Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dörthe Schaue
- Department of Radiation Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jacqueline P Williams
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
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Parihar VK, Syage A, Flores L, Lilagan A, Allen BD, Angulo MC, Song J, Smith SM, Arechavala RJ, Giedzinski E, Limoli CL. The Cannabinoid Receptor 1 Reverse Agonist AM251 Ameliorates Radiation-Induced Cognitive Decrements. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:668286. [PMID: 34262437 PMCID: PMC8273551 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.668286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advancements in the radiotherapeutic management of brain malignancies, resultant sequelae include persistent cognitive dysfunction in the majority of survivors. Defining the precise causes of normal tissue toxicity has proven challenging, but the use of preclinical rodent models has suggested that reductions in neurogenesis and microvascular integrity, impaired synaptic plasticity, increased inflammation, and alterations in neuronal structure are contributory if not causal. As such, strategies to reverse these persistent radiotherapy-induced neurological disorders represent an unmet medical need. AM251, a cannabinoid receptor 1 reverse agonist known to facilitate adult neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity, may help to ameliorate radiation-induced CNS impairments. To test this hypothesis, three treatment paradigms were used to evaluate the efficacy of AM251 to ameliorate radiation-induced learning and memory deficits along with disruptions in mood at 4 and 12 weeks postirradiation. Results demonstrated that acute (four weekly injections) and chronic (16 weekly injections) AM251 treatments (1 mg/kg) effectively alleviated cognitive and mood dysfunction in cranially irradiated mice. The beneficial effects of AM251 were exemplified by improved hippocampal- and cortical-dependent memory function on the novel object recognition and object in place tasks, while similar benefits on mood were shown by reductions in depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors on the forced swim test and elevated plus maze. The foregoing neurocognitive benefits were associated with significant increases in newly born (doublecortin+) neurons (1.7-fold), hippocampal neurogenesis (BrdU+/NeuN+mature neurons, 2.5-fold), and reduced expression of the inflammatory mediator HMGB (1.2-fold) in the hippocampus of irradiated mice. Collectively, these findings indicate that AM251 ameliorates the effects of clinically relevant cranial irradiation where overall neurological benefits in memory and mood coincided with increased hippocampal cell proliferation, neurogenesis, and reduced expression of proinflammatory markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipan K Parihar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Amber Syage
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Lidia Flores
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Angelica Lilagan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Barrett D Allen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Maria C Angulo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Joseph Song
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Sarah M Smith
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Rebecca J Arechavala
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Erich Giedzinski
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Charles L Limoli
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
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Gibson EM, Monje M. Microglia in Cancer Therapy-Related Cognitive Impairment. Trends Neurosci 2021; 44:441-451. [PMID: 33674135 PMCID: PMC8593823 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Millions of cancer survivors experience a persistent neurological syndrome that includes deficits in memory, attention, information processing, and mental health. Cancer therapy-related cognitive impairment can cause mild to severe disruptions to quality of life for these cancer survivors. Understanding the cellular and molecular underpinnings of this disorder will facilitate new therapeutic strategies aimed at ameliorating these long-lasting impairments. Accumulating evidence suggests that a range of cancer therapies induce persistent activation of the brain's resident immune cells, microglia. Cancer therapy-induced microglial activation disrupts numerous mechanisms of neuroplasticity, and emerging findings suggest that this impairment in plasticity is central to cancer therapy-related cognitive impairment. This review explores reactive microglial dysregulation of neural circuit structure and function following cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M Gibson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Michelle Monje
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA; Stanford California Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA.
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Montay-Gruel P, Markarian M, Allen BD, Baddour JD, Giedzinski E, Jorge PG, Petit B, Bailat C, Vozenin MC, Limoli C, Acharya MM. Ultra-High-Dose-Rate FLASH Irradiation Limits Reactive Gliosis in the Brain. Radiat Res 2021; 194:636-645. [PMID: 32853387 DOI: 10.1667/rade-20-00067.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Encephalic radiation therapy delivered at a conventional dose rate (CONV, 0.1-2.0 Gy/min) elicits a variety of temporally distinct damage signatures that invariably involve persistent indications of neuroinflammation. Past work has shown an involvement of both the innate and adaptive immune systems in modulating the central nervous system (CNS) radiation injury response, where elevations in astrogliosis, microgliosis and cytokine signaling define a complex pattern of normal tissue toxicities that never completely resolve. These side effects constitute a major limitation in the management of CNS malignancies in both adult and pediatric patients. The advent of a novel ultra-high dose-rate irradiation modality termed FLASH radiotherapy (FLASH-RT, instantaneous dose rates ≥106 Gy/s; 10 Gy delivered in 1-10 pulses of 1.8 µs) has been reported to minimize a range of normal tissue toxicities typically concurrent with CONV exposures, an effect that has been coined the "FLASH effect." Since the FLASH effect has now been found to significantly limit persistent inflammatory signatures in the brain, we sought to further elucidate whether changes in astrogliosis might account for the differential dose-rate response of the irradiated brain. Here we report that markers selected for activated astrogliosis and immune signaling in the brain (glial fibrillary acidic protein, GFAP; toll-like receptor 4, TLR4) are expressed at reduced levels after FLASH irradiation compared to CONV-irradiated animals. Interestingly, while FLASH-RT did not induce astrogliosis and TLR4, the expression level of complement C1q and C3 were found to be elevated in both FLASH and CONV irradiation modalities compared to the control. Although functional outcomes in the CNS remain to be cross-validated in response to the specific changes in protein expression reported, the data provide compelling evidence that distinguishes the dose-rate response of normal tissue injury in the irradiated brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Montay-Gruel
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2695
| | - Mineh Markarian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2695
| | - Barrett D Allen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2695
| | - Jabra D Baddour
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2695
| | - Erich Giedzinski
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2695
| | - Patrik Goncalves Jorge
- Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiation Oncology. Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Benoît Petit
- Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiation Oncology. Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Claude Bailat
- Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiation Oncology. Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marie-Catherine Vozenin
- Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiation Oncology. Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Charles Limoli
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2695
| | - Munjal M Acharya
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2695
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Tian SX, Cheng W, Lu JJ, Zhou FM, Ding ZS, Zhu BQ. Role of Militarine in PM 2.5-Induced BV-2 Cell Damage. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:1423-1434. [PMID: 33675461 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03281-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A growing number of studies have shown that air fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution is closely associated with neuroinflammation in humans. Militarine, a glucosyloxybenzyl 2-isobutylmalate compound isolated from Bletilla striata, has been found to exert significant neuroprotective effects. However, the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antiapoptotic effects of militarine on PM2.5-stimulated BV-2 microglial cells have not been reported. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of militarine against PM2.5-induced cytotoxicity and its mechanism in BV-2 microglial cells. Our results revealed that pretreatment with 0.31-1.25 μg/mL militarine reversed the morphological changes caused by PM2.5 and decreased proinflammatory cytokine generation and gene expression in PM2.5-treated BV-2 cells. In particular, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 expression was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner. Notably, militarine markedly inhibited the upregulation of Toll-like receptor 4, Toll-like receptor 2, and cyclo-oxygenase-2 expression at both the mRNA and protein levels and reduced NF-κB pathway-associated protein expression. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that militarine suppressed NF-κB activity through inhibiting p65 nuclear translocation. Our data suggested that militarine alleviated neuroinflammation in BV-2 microglial cells, possibly by inhibiting the expression of neuroinflammatory cytokines through the TLR/NF-κB signaling pathway. Additionally, militarine significantly reduced PM2.5-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and cell apoptosis and restored the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP; ΔΨm). Collectively, these findings demonstrate that militarine played a protective role against PM2.5-induced damage in BV-2 cells by exerting anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiapoptotic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Xin Tian
- College of Medical Technology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Wen Cheng
- College of Medical Technology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Jing-Jing Lu
- College of Medical Technology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Fang-Mei Zhou
- College of Medical Technology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Zhi-Shan Ding
- College of Medical Technology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Bing-Qi Zhu
- College of Medical Technology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
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Markarian M, Krattli RP, Baddour JD, Alikhani L, Giedzinski E, Usmani MT, Agrawal A, Baulch JE, Tenner AJ, Acharya MM. Glia-Selective Deletion of Complement C1q Prevents Radiation-Induced Cognitive Deficits and Neuroinflammation. Cancer Res 2020; 81:1732-1744. [PMID: 33323383 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-20-2565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The adverse neurocognitive sequelae following clinical radiotherapy (RT) for central nervous system (CNS) malignancies are often long-lasting without any clinical recourse. Despite recent progress, the cellular mechanisms mediating RT-induced cognitive deficits (RICD) are poorly understood. The complement system is an immediate sensor of a disturbed inflammatory environment and a potent mediator of gliosis with a range of nonimmune functions in the CNS, including synaptic pruning, which is detrimental if dysregulated. We hypothesize that complement-mediated changes in glial cell function significantly contribute to RICD. The underlying alterations in CNS complement cascade proteins (C1q, C3), TLR4, and colabeling with glia (IBA1, GFAP) were examined using gene expression, immunofluorescence, and in silico modeling approaches in the adult mouse brain following 9 Gy cranial RT. Three-dimensional volumetric quantification showed elevated molecular signatures of gliosis at short- and long-term post-RT times. We found significant elevations in complement C1q, C3, and TLR4 post-RT accompanied by increased colabeling of astrocytes and microglia. To address the mechanism of RT-induced complement cascade activation, neuroinflammation, and cognitive dysfunction, we used a genetic approach-conditional, microglia-selective C1q (Flox) knockdown mice-to determine whether a glia-specific, upstream complement cascade contributes to RICD. C1q-Flox mice exposed to cranial RT showed no cognitive deficits compared with irradiated WT mice. Further, irradiated C1q-Flox mice were protected from RT-induced microglial activation and synaptic loss, elevation of anaphylatoxin C5a receptor, astrocytic-C3, and microglial-TLR4 expression in the brain. Our findings demonstrate for the first time a microglia-specific mechanism of RICD involving an upstream complement cascade component, C1q. SIGNIFICANCE: Clinically-relevant radiotherapy induces aberrant complement activation, leading to brain injury. Microglia-selective genetic deletion of CNS complement C1q ameliorates radiation-induced cognitive impairments, synaptic loss, and neuroinflammation, highlighting the potential for C1q as a novel therapeutic target.See related commentary by Korimerla and Wahl, p. 1635.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mineh Markarian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Robert P Krattli
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Jabra D Baddour
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Leila Alikhani
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Erich Giedzinski
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Manal T Usmani
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Anshu Agrawal
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Janet E Baulch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Andrea J Tenner
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine, California
| | - Munjal M Acharya
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, California.
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Patel ZS, Brunstetter TJ, Tarver WJ, Whitmire AM, Zwart SR, Smith SM, Huff JL. Red risks for a journey to the red planet: The highest priority human health risks for a mission to Mars. NPJ Microgravity 2020; 6:33. [PMID: 33298950 PMCID: PMC7645687 DOI: 10.1038/s41526-020-00124-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
NASA's plans for space exploration include a return to the Moon to stay-boots back on the lunar surface with an orbital outpost. This station will be a launch point for voyages to destinations further away in our solar system, including journeys to the red planet Mars. To ensure success of these missions, health and performance risks associated with the unique hazards of spaceflight must be adequately controlled. These hazards-space radiation, altered gravity fields, isolation and confinement, closed environments, and distance from Earth-are linked with over 30 human health risks as documented by NASA's Human Research Program. The programmatic goal is to develop the tools and technologies to adequately mitigate, control, or accept these risks. The risks ranked as "red" have the highest priority based on both the likelihood of occurrence and the severity of their impact on human health, performance in mission, and long-term quality of life. These include: (1) space radiation health effects of cancer, cardiovascular disease, and cognitive decrements (2) Spaceflight-Associated Neuro-ocular Syndrome (3) behavioral health and performance decrements, and (4) inadequate food and nutrition. Evaluation of the hazards and risks in terms of the space exposome-the total sum of spaceflight and lifetime exposures and how they relate to genetics and determine the whole-body outcome-will provide a comprehensive picture of risk profiles for individual astronauts. In this review, we provide a primer on these "red" risks for the research community. The aim is to inform the development of studies and projects with high potential for generating both new knowledge and technologies to assist with mitigating multisystem risks to crew health during exploratory missions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zarana S Patel
- KBR, Houston, TX, USA.
- NASA Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | | | | | | | - Sara R Zwart
- NASA Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA
- University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Scott M Smith
- NASA Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Limoli C. Can a comparison of clinical and deep space irradiation scenarios shed light on the radiation response of the brain? Br J Radiol 2020; 93:20200245. [PMID: 32970457 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20200245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Not surprisingly, our knowledge of the impact of radiation on the brain has evolved considerably. Decades of work have struggled with identifying the critical cellular targets in the brain, the latency of functional change and understanding how irradiation alters the balance between excitatory and inhibitory circuits. Radiation-induced cell kill following clinical fractionation paradigms pointed to both stromal and parenchymal targets but also defined an exquisite sensitivity of neurogenic populations of newly born cells in the brain. It became more and more apparent too, that acute (days) events transpiring after exposure were poorly prognostic of the late (months-years) waves of radiation injury believed to underlie neurocognitive deficits. Much of these gaps in knowledge persisted as NASA became interested in how exposure to much different radiation types, doses and dose rates that characterize the space radiation environment might impair central nervous system functionality, with possibly negative implications for deep space travel. Now emerging evidence from researchers engaged in clinical, translational and environmental radiation sciences have begun to fill these gaps and have uncovered some surprising similarities in the response of the brain to seemingly disparate exposure scenarios. This article highlights many of the commonalities between the vastly different irradiation paradigms that distinguish clinical treatments from occupational exposures in deep space.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Limoli
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States
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35
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Owlett L, Belcher EK, Dionisio-Santos DA, Williams JP, Olschowka JA, O'Banion MK. Space radiation does not alter amyloid or tau pathology in the 3xTg mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2020; 27:89-98. [PMID: 34756235 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Space radiation is comprised of highly charged ions (HZE particles) and protons that are able to pass through matter and cause radiation-induced injury, including neuronal damage and degeneration, glial activation, and oxidative stress. Previous work demonstrated a worsening of Alzheimer's disease pathology in the APP/PS1 transgenic mouse model, however effects of space radiation on tau pathology have not been studied. To determine whether tau pathology is altered by HZE particle or proton irradiation, we exposed 3xTg mice, which acquire both amyloid plaque and tau pathology with age, to iron, silicon, or solar particle event (SPE) irradiation at 9 months of age and evaluated behavior and brain pathology at 16 months of age. We found no differences in performance in fear conditioning and novel object recognition tasks between groups of mice exposed to sham, iron (10 and 100 cGy), silicon (10 and 100 cGy), or solar particle event radiation (200 cGy), though female mice had higher freezing responses than males. 200 cGy SPE irradiated female mice had fewer plaques than sham-irradiated females but had no differences in tau pathology. Overall, females had worse amyloid and tau pathology at 16 months of age and demonstrated a reduced neuroinflammatory gene expression response to radiation. These findings uncover differences between mouse models following radiation injury and corroborate prior reports of sex differences within the 3xTg mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Owlett
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box 603, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Elizabeth K Belcher
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box 603, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Dawling A Dionisio-Santos
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box 603, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Jacqueline P Williams
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box EHSC, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - John A Olschowka
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box 603, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA; Del Monte Neuroscience Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box 603, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - M Kerry O'Banion
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box 603, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA; Del Monte Neuroscience Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box 603, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box 673, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
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36
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Xu A, Li R, Ren A, Jian H, Huang Z, Zeng Q, Wang B, Zheng J, Chen X, Zheng N, Zheng R, Tian Y, Liu M, Mao Z, Ji A, Yuan Y. Regulatory coupling between long noncoding RNAs and senescence in irradiated microglia. J Neuroinflammation 2020; 17:321. [PMID: 33109221 PMCID: PMC7592596 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-02001-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Microglia have been implicated in the pathogenesis of radiation-induced brain injury (RIBI), which severely influences the quality of life during long-term survival. Recently, irradiated microglia were speculated to present an aging-like phenotype. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been recognized to regulate a wide spectrum of biological processes, including senescence; however, their potential role in irradiated microglia remains largely uncharacterized. Methods We used bioinformatics and experimental methods to identify and analyze the senescence phenotype of irradiated microglia. Western blotting, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, immunofluorescence, and quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction were performed to clarify the relationship between the radiation-induced differentially expressed lncRNAs (RILs) and the distinctive molecular features of senescence in irradiated microglia. Results We found that the senescence of microglia could be induced using ionizing radiation (IR). A mutual regulation mode existed between RILs and three main features of the senescence phenotype in irradiated microglia: inflammation, the DNA damage response (DDR), and metabolism. Specifically, for inflammation, the expression of two selected RILs (ENSMUST00000190863 and ENSMUST00000130679) was dependent on the major inflammatory signaling pathways of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). The two RILs modulated the activation of NF-κB/MAPK signaling and subsequent inflammatory cytokine secretion. For the DDR, differential severity of DNA damage altered the expression profiles of RILs. The selected RIL, ENSMUST00000130679, promoted the DDR. For metabolism, blockade of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-mediated lipogenesis attenuated the fold-change of several RILs induced by IR. Conclusions Our findings revealed that certain RILs interacted with senescence in irradiated microglia. RILs actively participated in the regulation of senescence features, suggesting that RILs could be promising intervention targets to treat RIBI. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12974-020-02001-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anan Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, No 78, Hengzhigang Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510095, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, No 78, Hengzhigang Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510095, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Anbang Ren
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, No 78, Hengzhigang Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510095, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Haifeng Jian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, No 78, Hengzhigang Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510095, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, No 78, Hengzhigang Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510095, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingxing Zeng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, No 78, Hengzhigang Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510095, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Baiyao Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, No 78, Hengzhigang Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510095, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jieling Zheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, No 78, Hengzhigang Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510095, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, No 78, Hengzhigang Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510095, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Naiying Zheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, No 78, Hengzhigang Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510095, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ronghui Zheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, No 78, Hengzhigang Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510095, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunhong Tian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, No 78, Hengzhigang Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510095, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengzhong Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, No 78, Hengzhigang Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510095, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zixu Mao
- Department of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Aimin Ji
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, No 78, Hengzhigang Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510095, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yawei Yuan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, No 78, Hengzhigang Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510095, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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Parihar VK, Angulo MC, Allen BD, Syage A, Usmani MT, Passerat de la Chapelle E, Amin AN, Flores L, Lin X, Giedzinski E, Limoli CL. Sex-Specific Cognitive Deficits Following Space Radiation Exposure. Front Behav Neurosci 2020; 14:535885. [PMID: 33192361 PMCID: PMC7525092 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2020.535885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The radiation fields in space define tangible risks to the health of astronauts, and significant work in rodent models has clearly shown a variety of exposure paradigms to compromise central nervous system (CNS) functionality. Despite our current knowledge, sex differences regarding the risks of space radiation exposure on cognitive function remain poorly understood, which is potentially problematic given that 30% of astronauts are women. While work from us and others have demonstrated pronounced cognitive decrements in male mice exposed to charged particle irradiation, here we show that female mice exhibit significant resistance to adverse neurocognitive effects of space radiation. The present findings indicate that male mice exposed to low doses (≤30 cGy) of energetic (400 MeV/n) helium ions (4He) show significantly higher levels of neuroinflammation and more extensive cognitive deficits than females. Twelve weeks following 4He ion exposure, irradiated male mice demonstrated significant deficits in object and place recognition memory accompanied by activation of microglia, marked upregulation of hippocampal Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and increased expression of the pro-inflammatory marker high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1). Additionally, we determined that exposure to 4He ions caused a significant decline in the number of dendritic branch points and total dendritic length along with the hippocampus neurons in female mice. Interestingly, only male mice showed a significant decline of dendritic spine density following irradiation. These data indicate that fundamental differences in inflammatory cascades between male and female mice may drive divergent CNS radiation responses that differentially impact the structural plasticity of neurons and neurocognitive outcomes following cosmic radiation exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipan K Parihar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Maria C Angulo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Barrett D Allen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Amber Syage
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Manal T Usmani
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | | | - Amal Nayan Amin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Lidia Flores
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Xiaomeng Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Erich Giedzinski
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Charles L Limoli
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
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Raber J, Fuentes Anaya A, Torres ERS, Lee J, Boutros S, Grygoryev D, Hammer A, Kasschau KD, Sharpton TJ, Turker MS, Kronenberg A. Effects of Six Sequential Charged Particle Beams on Behavioral and Cognitive Performance in B6D2F1 Female and Male Mice. Front Physiol 2020; 11:959. [PMID: 32982769 PMCID: PMC7485338 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The radiation environment astronauts are exposed to in deep space includes galactic cosmic radiation (GCR) with different proportions of all naturally occurring ions. To assist NASA with assessment of risk to the brain following exposure to a mixture of ions broadly representative of the GCR, we assessed the behavioral and cognitive performance of female and male C57BL/6J × DBA2/J F1 (B6D2F1) mice two months following rapidly delivered, sequential 6 beam irradiation with protons (1 GeV, LET = 0.24 keV, 50%), 4He ions (250 MeV/n, LET = 1.6 keV/μm, 20%), 16O ions (250 MeV/n, LET = 25 keV/μm 7.5%), 28Si ions (263 MeV/n, LET = 78 keV/μm, 7.5%), 48Ti ions (1 GeV/n, LET = 107 keV/μm, 7.5%), and 56Fe ions (1 GeV/n, LET = 151 keV/μm, 7.5%) at 0, 25, 50, or 200 cGy) at 4-6 months of age. When the activity over 3 days of open field habituation was analyzed in female mice, those irradiated with 50 cGy moved less and spent less time in the center than sham-irradiated mice. Sham-irradiated female mice and those irradiated with 25 cGy showed object recognition. However, female mice exposed to 50 or 200 cGy did not show object recognition. When fear memory was assessed in passive avoidance tests, sham-irradiated mice and mice irradiated with 25 cGy showed memory retention while mice exposed to 50 or 200 cGy did not. The effects of radiation passive avoidance memory retention were not sex-dependent. There was no effect of radiation on depressive-like behavior in the forced swim test. There was a trend toward an effect of radiation on BDNF levels in the cortex of males, but not for females, with higher levels in male mice irradiated with 50 cGy than sham-irradiated. Finally, sequential 6-ion irradiation impacted the composition of the gut microbiome in a sex-dependent fashion. Taxa were uncovered whose relative abundance in the gut was associated with the radiation dose received. Thus, exposure to sequential six-beam irradiation significantly affects behavioral and cognitive performance and the gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Raber
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Departments of Neurology and Radiation Medicine, Division of Neuroscience ONPRC, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Andrea Fuentes Anaya
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Eileen Ruth S. Torres
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Joanne Lee
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Sydney Boutros
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Dmytro Grygoryev
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences and Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Austin Hammer
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Kristin D. Kasschau
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Thomas J. Sharpton
- Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
- Department of Statistics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
| | - Mitchell S. Turker
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences and Department of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Amy Kronenberg
- Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, United States
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Yuan C, Aierken A, Xie Z, Li N, Zhao J, Qing H. The age-related microglial transformation in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis. Neurobiol Aging 2020; 92:82-91. [PMID: 32408056 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammatory responses mediated by microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system, have long been a subject of study in the field of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Microglia express a wide range of receptors that act as molecular sensors, through which they can fulfill their various functions. In this review, we first analyzed the changes in the expression levels of microglial membrane receptors SR-A, TREM2, CD36, CD33, and CR3 in aging and AD and described the different roles of these receptors in amyloid-beta clearance and inflammatory responses. Two classical hallmarks of AD are extracellular amyloid-beta deposits and intracellular aggregated phosphorylated tau. In AD, microglia reaction was initially thought to be triggered by amyloid deposits. New evidence showed it also associated with increased phosphorylation of tau. However, which first appeared and induced activated microglia is not clear. Then we summarized diverse opinions on it. Besides, as AD is tightly linked to aging, and microglia changes dramatically on aging, yet the relative impacts of both aging and microglia are less frequently considered, so at last, we discussed the roles of aging microglia in AD. We hope to provide a reference for subsequent research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxu Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Ailikemu Aierken
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Xie
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Nuomin Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Department of Materials Processing Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China.
| | - Hong Qing
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China.
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