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Song S, McConnell KW, Shan D, Chen C, Oh B, Sun J, Poon ASY, George PM. Conductive gradient hydrogels allow spatial control of adult stem cell fate. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:1854-1863. [PMID: 38291979 PMCID: PMC10922832 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb02269b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Electrical gradients are fundamental to physiological processes including cell migration, tissue formation, organ development, and response to injury and regeneration. Current electrical modulation of cells is primarily studied under a uniform electrical field. Here we demonstrate the fabrication of conductive gradient hydrogels (CGGs) that display mechanical properties and varying local electrical gradients mimicking physiological conditions. The electrically-stimulated CGGs enhanced human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) viability and attachment. Cells on CGGs under electrical stimulation showed a high expression of neural progenitor markers such as Nestin, GFAP, and Sox2. More importantly, CGGs showed cell differentiation toward oligodendrocyte lineage (Oligo2) in the center of the scaffold where the electric field was uniform with a greater intensity, while cells preferred neuronal lineage (NeuN) on the edge of the scaffold on a varying electric field at lower magnitude. Our data suggest that CGGs can serve as a useful platform to study the effects of electrical gradients on stem cells and potentially provide insights on developing new neural engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Song
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Dr, MC5778 Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford, CA 94305-5778, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Departments of Neuroscience GIDP, Materials Science and Engineering, BIO5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Kelly W McConnell
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Dr, MC5778 Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford, CA 94305-5778, USA.
| | - Dingying Shan
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Dr, MC5778 Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford, CA 94305-5778, USA.
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Byeongtaek Oh
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Dr, MC5778 Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford, CA 94305-5778, USA.
| | - Jindi Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Ada S Y Poon
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Paul M George
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Dr, MC5778 Stanford Stroke Center, Stanford, CA 94305-5778, USA.
- Stanford Stroke Center and Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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2
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Reynolds M, Stoy LM, Sun J, Opoku Amponsah PE, Li L, Soto M, Song S. Fabrication of Sodium Trimetaphosphate-Based PEDOT:PSS Conductive Hydrogels. Gels 2024; 10:115. [PMID: 38391444 PMCID: PMC10888113 DOI: 10.3390/gels10020115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Conductive hydrogels are highly attractive for biomedical applications due to their ability to mimic the electrophysiological environment of biological tissues. Although conducting polymer polythiophene-poly-(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and polystyrene sulfonate (PSS) alone exhibit high conductivity, the addition of other chemical compositions could further improve the electrical and mechanical properties of PEDOT:PSS, providing a more promising interface with biological tissues. Here we study the effects of incorporating crosslinking additives, such as glycerol and sodium trimetaphosphate (STMP), in developing interpenetrating PEDOT:PSS-based conductive hydrogels. The addition of glycerol at a low concentration maintained the PEDOT:PSS conductivity with enhanced wettability but decreased the mechanical stiffness. Increasing the concentration of STMP allowed sufficient physical crosslinking with PEDOT:PSS, resulting in improved hydrogel conductivity, wettability, and rheological properties without glycerol. The STMP-based PEDOT:PSS conductive hydrogels also exhibited shear-thinning behaviors, which are potentially favorable for extrusion-based 3D bioprinting applications. We demonstrate an interpenetrating conducting polymer hydrogel with tunable electrical and mechanical properties for cellular interactions and future tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madelyn Reynolds
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
| | - Lindsay M Stoy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
| | - Jindi Sun
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
| | | | - Lin Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
| | - Misael Soto
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
| | - Shang Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
- Departments of Materials Science and Engineering, Neuroscience GIDP, and BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA
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3
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Li M, Sun H, Hou Z, Hao S, Jin L, Wang B. Engineering the Physical Microenvironment into Neural Organoids for Neurogenesis and Neurodevelopment. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2306451. [PMID: 37771182 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the signals from the physical microenvironment is critical for deciphering the processes of neurogenesis and neurodevelopment. The discovery of how surrounding physical signals shape human developing neurons is hindered by the bottleneck of conventional cell culture and animal models. Notwithstanding neural organoids provide a promising platform for recapitulating human neurogenesis and neurodevelopment, building neuronal physical microenvironment that accurately mimics the native neurophysical features is largely ignored in current organoid technologies. Here, it is discussed how the physical microenvironment modulates critical events during the periods of neurogenesis and neurodevelopment, such as neural stem cell fates, neural tube closure, neuronal migration, axonal guidance, optic cup formation, and cortical folding. Although animal models are widely used to investigate the impacts of physical factors on neurodevelopment and neuropathy, the important roles of human stem cell-derived neural organoids in this field are particularly highlighted. Considering the great promise of human organoids, building neural organoid microenvironments with mechanical forces, electrophysiological microsystems, and light manipulation will help to fully understand the physical cues in neurodevelopmental processes. Neural organoids combined with cutting-edge techniques, such as advanced atomic force microscopes, microrobots, and structural color biomaterials might promote the development of neural organoid-based research and neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Li
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
- Southwest Hospital/Southwest Eye Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Heng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Zongkun Hou
- Key Laboratory of Infectious Immune and Antibody Engineering of Guizhou Province, Engineering Research Center of Cellular Immunotherapy of Guizhou Province, School of Biology and Engineering/School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Shilei Hao
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Liang Jin
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Bochu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
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4
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Huynh QS, Holsinger RMD. Development of a Cell Culture Chamber for Investigating the Therapeutic Effects of Electrical Stimulation on Neural Growth. Biomedicines 2024; 12:289. [PMID: 38397891 PMCID: PMC10886545 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural electric fields exist throughout the body during development and following injury, and, as such, EFs have the potential to be utilized to guide cell growth and regeneration. Electrical stimulation (ES) can also affect gene expression and other cellular behaviors, including cell migration and proliferation. To investigate the effects of electric fields on cells in vitro, a sterile chamber that delivers electrical stimuli is required. Here, we describe the construction of an ES chamber through the modification of an existing lid of a 6-well cell culture plate. Using human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, we tested the biocompatibility of materials, such as Araldite®, Tefgel™ and superglue, that were used to secure and maintain platinum electrodes to the cell culture plate lid, and we validated the electrical properties of the constructed ES chamber by calculating the comparable electrical conductivities of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and cell culture media from voltage and current measurements obtained from the ES chamber. Various electrical signals and durations of stimulation were tested on SH-SY5Y cells. Although none of the signals caused significant cell death, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays revealed that shorter stimulation times and lower currents minimized negative effects. This design can be easily replicated and can be used to further investigate the therapeutic effects of electrical stimulation on neural cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quy-Susan Huynh
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Dementia, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia;
- Neuroscience, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - R. M. Damian Holsinger
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience and Dementia, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia;
- Neuroscience, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Marques-Almeida T, Lanceros-Mendez S, Ribeiro C. State of the Art and Current Challenges on Electroactive Biomaterials and Strategies for Neural Tissue Regeneration. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2301494. [PMID: 37843074 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202301494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
The loss or failure of an organ/tissue stands as one of the healthcare system's most prevalent, devastating, and costly challenges. Strategies for neural tissue repair and regeneration have received significant attention due to their particularly strong impact on patients' well-being. Many research efforts are dedicated not only to control the disease symptoms but also to find solutions to repair the damaged tissues. Neural tissue engineering (TE) plays a key role in addressing this problem and significant efforts are being carried out to develop strategies for neural repair treatment. In the last years, active materials allowing to tune cell-materials interaction are being increasingly used, representing a recent paradigm in TE applications. Among the most important stimuli influencing cell behavior are the electrical and mechanical ones. In this way, materials with the ability to provide this kind of stimuli to the neural cells seem to be appropriate to support neural TE. In this scope, this review summarizes the different biomaterials types used for neural TE, highlighting the relevance of using active biomaterials and electrical stimulation. Furthermore, this review provides not only a compilation of the most relevant studies and results but also strategies for novel and more biomimetic approaches for neural TE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Marques-Almeida
- Physics Centre of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
- LaPMET - Laboratory of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, University of Minho, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Senentxu Lanceros-Mendez
- Physics Centre of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
- LaPMET - Laboratory of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, University of Minho, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, Leioa, 48940, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48009, Spain
| | - Clarisse Ribeiro
- Physics Centre of Minho and Porto Universities (CF-UM-UP), University of Minho, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
- LaPMET - Laboratory of Physics for Materials and Emergent Technologies, University of Minho, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
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Tringides CM, Mooney DJ. Conductive Hydrogel Scaffolds for the 3D Localization and Orientation of Fibroblasts. Macromol Biosci 2024; 24:e2300044. [PMID: 37016832 PMCID: PMC10551049 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202300044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023]
Abstract
Dermal wounds and their healing are a collection of complex, multistep processes which are poorly recapitulated by existing 2D in vitro platforms. Biomaterial scaffolds that support the 3D growth of cell cultures can better resemble the native dermal environment, while bioelectronics has been used as a tool to modulate cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration. A porous conductive hydrogel scaffold which mimics the properties of dermis, while promoting the viability and growth of fibroblasts is described. As these scaffolds are also electrically conductive, the application of exogenous electrical stimulation directs the migration of cells across and/or through the material. The mechanical properties of the scaffold, as well as the amplitude and/or duration of the electrical pulses, are independently tunable and further influence the resulting fibroblast networks. This biomaterial platform may enable better recapitulation of wound healing and can be utilized to develop and screen therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Tringides
- Harvard Program in Biophysics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02115
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
- Harvard–MIT Division in Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - David J Mooney
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02115
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA
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Qin C, Qi Z, Pan S, Xia P, Kong W, Sun B, Du H, Zhang R, Zhu L, Zhou D, Yang X. Advances in Conductive Hydrogel for Spinal Cord Injury Repair and Regeneration. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:7305-7333. [PMID: 38084124 PMCID: PMC10710813 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s436111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) treatment represents a major challenge in clinical practice. In recent years, the rapid development of neural tissue engineering technology has provided a new therapeutic approach for spinal cord injury repair. Implanting functionalized electroconductive hydrogels (ECH) in the injury area has been shown to promote axonal regeneration and facilitate the generation of neuronal circuits by reshaping the microenvironment of SCI. ECH not only facilitate intercellular electrical signaling but, when combined with electrical stimulation, enable the transmission of electrical signals to electroactive tissue and activate bioelectric signaling pathways, thereby promoting neural tissue repair. Therefore, the implantation of ECH into damaged tissues can effectively restore physiological functions related to electrical conduction. This article focuses on the dynamic pathophysiological changes in the SCI microenvironment and discusses the mechanisms of electrical stimulation/signal in the process of SCI repair. By examining electrical activity during nerve repair, we provide insights into the mechanisms behind electrical stimulation and signaling during SCI repair. We classify conductive biomaterials, and offer an overview of the current applications and research progress of conductive hydrogels in spinal cord repair and regeneration, aiming to provide a reference for future explorations and developments in spinal cord regeneration strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Qin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiping Qi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Su Pan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Peng Xia
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weijian Kong
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Sun
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haorui Du
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Renfeng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Longchuan Zhu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dinghai Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130041, People’s Republic of China
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Omer SA, McKnight KH, Young LI, Song S. Stimulation strategies for electrical and magnetic modulation of cells and tissues. CELL REGENERATION (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 12:21. [PMID: 37391680 DOI: 10.1186/s13619-023-00165-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Electrical phenomena play an important role in numerous biological processes including cellular signaling, early embryogenesis, tissue repair and remodeling, and growth of organisms. Electrical and magnetic effects have been studied on a variety of stimulation strategies and cell types regarding cellular functions and disease treatments. In this review, we discuss recent advances in using three different stimulation strategies, namely electrical stimulation via conductive and piezoelectric materials as well as magnetic stimulation via magnetic materials, to modulate cell and tissue properties. These three strategies offer distinct stimulation routes given specific material characteristics. This review will evaluate material properties and biological response for these stimulation strategies with respect to their potential applications in neural and musculoskeletal research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suleyman A Omer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Kaitlyn H McKnight
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Lucas I Young
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Shang Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
- Departments of Neuroscience GIDP, Materials Science and Engineering, BIO5 Institute, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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9
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Saeb S, Wallet C, Rohr O, Schwartz C, Loustau T. Targeting and eradicating latent CNS reservoirs of HIV-1: original strategies and new models. Biochem Pharmacol 2023:115679. [PMID: 37399950 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) is the standard treatment for all people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1). Although cART is effective in treating productive infection, it does not eliminate latent reservoirs of the virus. This leads to lifelong treatment associated with the occurrence of side effects and the development of drug-resistant HIV-1. Suppression of viral latency is therefore the major hurdle to HIV-1 eradication. Multiple mechanisms exist to regulate viral gene expression and drive the transcriptional and post-transcriptional establishment of latency. Epigenetic processes are amongst the most studied mechanisms influencing both productive and latent infection states. The central nervous system (CNS) represents a key anatomical sanctuary for HIV and is the focal point of considerable research efforts. However, limited and difficult access to CNS compartments makes understanding the HIV-1 infection state in latent brain cells such as microglial cells, astrocytes, and perivascular macrophages challenging. This review examines the latest advances on epigenetic transformations involved in CNS viral latency and targeting of brain reservoirs. Evidence from clinical studies as well as in vivo and in vitro models of HIV-1 persistence in the CNS will be discussed, with a special focus on recent 3D in vitro models such as human brain organoids. Finally, the review will address therapeutic considerations for targeting latent CNS reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Saeb
- Department of Allied Medicine, Qaen Faculty of Medical Sciences, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran; Strasbourg University, Research Unit 7292, DHPI, IUT Louis Pasteur, Schiltigheim, France
| | - Clémentine Wallet
- Strasbourg University, Research Unit 7292, DHPI, IUT Louis Pasteur, Schiltigheim, France
| | - Olivier Rohr
- Strasbourg University, Research Unit 7292, DHPI, IUT Louis Pasteur, Schiltigheim, France
| | - Christian Schwartz
- Strasbourg University, Research Unit 7292, DHPI, IUT Louis Pasteur, Schiltigheim, France
| | - Thomas Loustau
- Strasbourg University, Research Unit 7292, DHPI, IUT Louis Pasteur, Schiltigheim, France.
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Garrudo FFF, Linhardt RJ, Ferreira FC, Morgado J. Designing Electrical Stimulation Platforms for Neural Cell Cultivation Using Poly(aniline): Camphorsulfonic Acid. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2674. [PMID: 37376320 DOI: 10.3390/polym15122674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrical stimulation is a powerful strategy to improve the differentiation of neural stem cells into neurons. Such an approach can be implemented, in association with biomaterials and nanotechnology, for the development of new therapies for neurological diseases, including direct cell transplantation and the development of platforms for drug screening and disease progression evaluation. Poly(aniline):camphorsulfonic acid (PANI:CSA) is one of the most well-studied electroconductive polymers, capable of directing an externally applied electrical field to neural cells in culture. There are several examples in the literature on the development of PANI:CSA-based scaffolds and platforms for electrical stimulation, but no review has examined the fundamentals and physico-chemical determinants of PANI:CSA for the design of platforms for electrical stimulation. This review evaluates the current literature regarding the application of electrical stimulation to neural cells, specifically reviewing: (1) the fundamentals of bioelectricity and electrical stimulation; (2) the use of PANI:CSA-based systems for electrical stimulation of cell cultures; and (3) the development of scaffolds and setups to support the electrical stimulation of cells. Throughout this work, we critically evaluate the revised literature and provide a steppingstone for the clinical application of the electrical stimulation of cells using electroconductive PANI:CSA platforms/scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio F F Garrudo
- Instituto de Telecomunicações, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Biology and Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Frederico Castelo Ferreira
- Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB, Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jorge Morgado
- Instituto de Telecomunicações, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
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11
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Guan S, Wang Y, Xie F, Wang S, Xu W, Xu J, Sun C. Carboxymethyl Chitosan and Gelatin Hydrogel Scaffolds Incorporated with Conductive PEDOT Nanoparticles for Improved Neural Stem Cell Proliferation and Neuronal Differentiation. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238326. [PMID: 36500418 PMCID: PMC9740948 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering scaffolds provide biological and physiochemical cures to guide tissue recovery, and electrical signals through the electroactive materials possess tremendous potential to modulate the cell fate. In this study, a novel electroactive hydrogel scaffold was fabricated by assembling poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) nanoparticles on a carboxymethyl chitosan/gelatin (CMCS/Gel) composite hydrogel surface via in situ chemical polymerization. The chemical structure, morphology, conductivity, porosity, swelling rate, in vitro biodegradation, and mechanical properties of the prepared hydrogel samples were characterized. The adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs) on conductive hydrogels were investigated. The CMCS/Gel-PEDOT hydrogels exhibited high porosity, excellent water absorption, improved thermal stability, and adequate biodegradability. Importantly, the mechanical properties of the prepared hydrogels were similar to those of brain tissue, with electrical conductivity up to (1.52 ± 0.15) × 10-3 S/cm. Compared to the CMCS/Gel hydrogel, the incorporation of PEDOT nanoparticles significantly improved the adhesion of NSCs, and supported long-term cell growth and proliferation in a three-dimensional (3D) microenvironment. In addition, under the differentiation condition, the conductive hydrogel also significantly enhanced neuronal differentiation with the up-regulation of β-tubulin III expression. These results suggest that CMCS/Gel-PEDOT hydrogels may be an attractive conductive substrate for further studies on neural tissue repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shui Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
- Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
- Research & Educational Center for the Control Engineering of Translational Precision Medicine (R-ECCE-TPM), School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
- Correspondence: (S.G.); (J.X.); (C.S.)
| | - Yangbin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
- Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Feng Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
- Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Shuping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
- Dalian R&D Center for Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Weiping Xu
- School of Ocean Science and Technology & Panjin Institute of Industrial Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China
| | - Jianqiang Xu
- School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin 124221, China
- Correspondence: (S.G.); (J.X.); (C.S.)
| | - Changkai Sun
- Research & Educational Center for the Control Engineering of Translational Precision Medicine (R-ECCE-TPM), School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
- Correspondence: (S.G.); (J.X.); (C.S.)
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12
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Barberio C, Saez J, Withers A, Nair M, Tamagnini F, Owens RM. Conducting Polymer-ECM Scaffolds for Human Neuronal Cell Differentiation. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2200941. [PMID: 35904257 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202200941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
3D cell culture formats more closely resemble tissue architecture complexity than 2D systems, which are lacking most of the cell-cell and cell-microenvironment interactions of the in vivo milieu. Scaffold-based systems integrating natural biomaterials are extensively employed in tissue engineering to improve cell survival and outgrowth, by providing the chemical and physical cues of the natural extracellular matrix (ECM). Using the freeze-drying technique, porous 3D composite scaffolds consisting of poly(3,4-ethylene-dioxythiophene) doped with polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS), containing ECM components (i.e., collagen, hyaluronic acid, and laminin) are engineered for hosting neuronal cells. The resulting scaffolds exhibit a highly porous microstructure and good conductivity, determined by scanning electron microscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, respectively. These supports boast excellent mechanical stability and water uptake capacity, making them ideal candidates for cell infiltration. SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells show enhanced cell survival and proliferation in the presence of ECM compared to PEDOT:PSS alone. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings acquired from differentiated SHSY5Y cells in the scaffolds demonstrate that ECM constituents promote neuronal differentiation in situ. These findings reinforce the usability of 3D conducting supports as engineered highly biomimetic and functional in vitro tissue-like platforms for drug or disease modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Barberio
- Bioelectronic Systems and Technology group, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Janire Saez
- Microfluidics Cluster UPV/EHU, BIOMICs Microfluidics Group, Lascaray Research Center, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, 01006, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, E-48011, Spain
| | - Aimee Withers
- Bioelectronic Systems and Technology group, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Malavika Nair
- Cambridge Centre for Medical Materials, Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge, CB3 0FS, UK
| | - Francesco Tamagnini
- University of Reading, School of Pharmacy, Hopkins Building, Reading, RG6 6LA, UK
| | - Roisin M Owens
- Bioelectronic Systems and Technology group, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
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13
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Keate RL, Tropp J, Collins CP, Ware HOT, Petty AJ, Ameer GA, Sun C, Rivnay J. 3D-Printed Electroactive Hydrogel Architectures with Sub-100 µm Resolution Promote Myoblast Viability. Macromol Biosci 2022; 22:e2200103. [PMID: 35596668 PMCID: PMC9879017 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202200103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
3D-printed hydrogel scaffolds functionalized with conductive polymers have demonstrated significant potential in regenerative applications for their structural tunability, physiochemical compatibility, and electroactivity. Controllably generating conductive hydrogels with fine features, however, has proven challenging. Here, micro-continuous liquid interface production (μCLIP) method is utilized to 3D print poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA) hydrogels. With a unique in-situ polymerization approach, a sulfonated monomer is first incorporated into the hydrogel matrix and subsequently polymerized into a conjugated polyelectrolyte, poly(4-(2,3-dihydro-thieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxin-2-ylmethoxy)-butane-1 sulfonic acid sodium salt (PEDOT-S). Rod structures are fabricated at different crosslinking levels to investigate PEDOT-S incorporation and its effect on bulk hydrogel electronic and mechanical properties. After demonstrating that PEDOT-S does not significantly compromise the structures of the bulk material, pHEMA scaffolds are fabricated via μCLIP with features smaller than 100 µm. Scaffold characterization confirms PEDOT-S incorporation bolstered conductivity while lowering overall modulus. Finally, C2C12 myoblasts are seeded on PEDOT-pHEMA structures to verify cytocompatibility and the potential of this material in future regenerative applications. PEDOT-pHEMA scaffolds promote increased cell viability relative to their non-conductive counterparts and differentially influence cell organization. Taken together, this study presents a promising new approach for fabricating complex conductive hydrogel structures for regenerative applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca L. Keate
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA,Center for Advanced Regenerative Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA,Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Joshua Tropp
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA,Center for Advanced Regenerative Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA,Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Caralyn P. Collins
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Henry Oliver T. Ware
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Anthony J. Petty
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA,Center for Advanced Regenerative Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA,Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Guillermo A. Ameer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA,Center for Advanced Regenerative Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Cheng Sun
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Jonathan Rivnay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA,Center for Advanced Regenerative Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA,Simpson Querrey Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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14
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Zhao G, Zhou H, Jin G, Jin B, Geng S, Luo Z, Ge Z, Xu F. Rational Design of Electrically Conductive Biomaterials toward Excitable Tissues Regeneration. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2022.101573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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15
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O’Hara-Wright M, Mobini S, Gonzalez-Cordero A. Bioelectric Potential in Next-Generation Organoids: Electrical Stimulation to Enhance 3D Structures of the Central Nervous System. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:901652. [PMID: 35656553 PMCID: PMC9152151 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.901652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cell-derived organoid models of the central nervous system represent one of the most exciting areas in in vitro tissue engineering. Classically, organoids of the brain, retina and spinal cord have been generated via recapitulation of in vivo developmental cues, including biochemical and biomechanical. However, a lesser studied cue, bioelectricity, has been shown to regulate central nervous system development and function. In particular, electrical stimulation of neural cells has generated some important phenotypes relating to development and differentiation. Emerging techniques in bioengineering and biomaterials utilise electrical stimulation using conductive polymers. However, state-of-the-art pluripotent stem cell technology has not yet merged with this exciting area of bioelectricity. Here, we discuss recent findings in the field of bioelectricity relating to the central nervous system, possible mechanisms, and how electrical stimulation may be utilised as a novel technique to engineer “next-generation” organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle O’Hara-Wright
- Stem Cell Medicine Group, Children’s Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Sahba Mobini
- Instituto de Micro y Nanotecnología, IMN-CNM, CSIC (CEI UAM + CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Anai Gonzalez-Cordero
- Stem Cell Medicine Group, Children’s Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Anai Gonzalez-Cordero,
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16
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Oh B, Santhanam S, Azadian M, Swaminathan V, Lee AG, McConnell KW, Levinson A, Song S, Patel JJ, Gardner EE, George PM. Electrical modulation of transplanted stem cells improves functional recovery in a rodent model of stroke. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1366. [PMID: 35292643 PMCID: PMC8924243 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29017-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a leading cause of long-term disability worldwide, intensifying the need for effective recovery therapies. Stem cells are a promising stroke therapeutic, but creating ideal conditions for treatment is essential. Here we developed a conductive polymer system for stem cell delivery and electrical modulation in animals. Using this system, electrical modulation of human stem cell transplants improve functional stroke recovery in rodents. Increased endogenous stem cell production corresponds with improved function. Transcriptome analysis identified stanniocalcin 2 (STC2) as one of the genes most significantly upregulated by electrical stimulation. Lentiviral upregulation and downregulation of STC2 in the transplanted stem cells demonstrate that this glycoprotein is an essential mediator in the functional improvements seen with electrical modulation. Moreover, intraventricular administration of recombinant STC2 post-stroke confers functional benefits. In summation, our conductive polymer system enables electrical modulation of stem cells as a potential method to improve recovery and identify important therapeutic targets. Paul George and colleagues developed a conductive polymer system to enable stem cell delivery and electrical modulation in vivo. Employing this system improved functional stroke recovery in rodents and identified important repair pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeongtaek Oh
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Sruthi Santhanam
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Matine Azadian
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Vishal Swaminathan
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Alex G Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Kelly W McConnell
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Alexa Levinson
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Shang Song
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Jainith J Patel
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Emily E Gardner
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Paul M George
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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17
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Li S, Yu X, Li Y, Zhang T. Conductive polypyrrole-coated electrospun chitosan nanoparticles/poly(D,L-lactide) fibrous mat: influence of drug delivery and Schwann cells proliferation. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2022; 8. [PMID: 35168214 DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/ac5528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
For nerve tissue engineering (NTE), scaffolds with the ability to release drugs under control and support the rapid proliferation of cells are very important for the repair of nerve defects. This study aimed to fabricate a conductive drug-loaded fiber mat by electrospinning and assess its potential as a scaffold for Schwann cells proliferation. The conductive polypyrrole (PPy) was coated on an electrospun poly (D, L-lactide) (PLA) fibrous mat, which was simultaneously embedded with protein-loaded chitosan nanoparticles and ibuprofen as a model small molecule drug. The fibrous mat shows suitable conductivity, mechanical properties, and hydrophilicity for NTE. For drug release and degradation studies, the fibrous mat can achieve sustained release of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and ibuprofen, and the PPy coating can increase the surface wettability and conductivity while slowing down the degradation of the fibrous mat. The application of electrical stimulation (ES) to the fibrous mat can accelerate the release of ibuprofen, but there was no significant effect on the release rate of the protein. The fibrous mat showed no cytotoxicityin vitro, and Schwann cells (SCs) can adhere, grow, and proliferate well on mats. At the 120th hour of culturein vitro, the relative growth rate of SCs on the conductive drug-loaded fibrous mat reached 198.22 ± 2.34%, which was an increase of 37.93% compared to the SCs on the drug-loaded fibrous mat with ES. The density and elongation of SCs on the conductive drug-loaded fibrous mat were greater than those on the PLA fibrous mat, indicating that the conductive polypyrrole-coated electrospun chitosan nanoparticles/PLA fibrous mat has good potential for application in nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Li
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoling Yu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Li
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China.,Wuhan University of Technology Sanya Science and Education Innovation Park, Sanya 572024, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China.,Wuhan University of Technology Sanya Science and Education Innovation Park, Sanya 572024, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, People's Republic of China
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18
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Mutepfa AR, Hardy JG, Adams CF. Electroactive Scaffolds to Improve Neural Stem Cell Therapy for Spinal Cord Injury. FRONTIERS IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 2022; 4:693438. [PMID: 35274106 PMCID: PMC8902299 DOI: 10.3389/fmedt.2022.693438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious condition caused by damage to the spinal cord through trauma or disease, often with permanent debilitating effects. Globally, the prevalence of SCI is estimated between 40 to 80 cases per million people per year. Patients with SCI can experience devastating health and socioeconomic consequences from paralysis, which is a loss of motor, sensory and autonomic nerve function below the level of the injury that often accompanies SCI. SCI carries a high mortality and increased risk of premature death due to secondary complications. The health, social and economic consequences of SCI are significant, and therefore elucidation of the complex molecular processes that occur in SCI and development of novel effective treatments is critical. Despite advances in medicine for the SCI patient such as surgery and anaesthesiology, imaging, rehabilitation and drug discovery, there have been no definitive findings toward complete functional neurologic recovery. However, the advent of neural stem cell therapy and the engineering of functionalized biomaterials to facilitate cell transplantation and promote regeneration of damaged spinal cord tissue presents a potential avenue to advance SCI research. This review will explore this emerging field and identify new lines of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthea R. Mutepfa
- Neural Tissue Engineering Keele, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Keele, United Kingdom
| | - John G. Hardy
- Department of Chemistry, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
- Materials Science Institute, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: John G. Hardy
| | - Christopher F. Adams
- Neural Tissue Engineering Keele, School of Life Sciences, Keele University, Keele, United Kingdom
- Christopher F. Adams
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19
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Roth JG, Huang MS, Li TL, Feig VR, Jiang Y, Cui B, Greely HT, Bao Z, Paşca SP, Heilshorn SC. Advancing models of neural development with biomaterials. Nat Rev Neurosci 2021; 22:593-615. [PMID: 34376834 PMCID: PMC8612873 DOI: 10.1038/s41583-021-00496-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells have emerged as a promising in vitro model system for studying the brain. Two-dimensional and three-dimensional cell culture paradigms have provided valuable insights into the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders, but they remain limited in their capacity to model certain features of human neural development. Specifically, current models do not efficiently incorporate extracellular matrix-derived biochemical and biophysical cues, facilitate multicellular spatio-temporal patterning, or achieve advanced functional maturation. Engineered biomaterials have the capacity to create increasingly biomimetic neural microenvironments, yet further refinement is needed before these approaches are widely implemented. This Review therefore highlights how continued progression and increased integration of engineered biomaterials may be well poised to address intractable challenges in recapitulating human neural development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien G Roth
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michelle S Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Thomas L Li
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Vivian R Feig
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yuanwen Jiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Bianxiao Cui
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Henry T Greely
- Stanford Law School, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Zhenan Bao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sergiu P Paşca
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sarah C Heilshorn
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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20
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Berlet R, Anthony S, Brooks B, Wang ZJ, Sadanandan N, Shear A, Cozene B, Gonzales-Portillo B, Parsons B, Salazar FE, Lezama Toledo AR, Monroy GR, Gonzales-Portillo JV, Borlongan CV. Combination of Stem Cells and Rehabilitation Therapies for Ischemic Stroke. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1316. [PMID: 34572529 PMCID: PMC8468342 DOI: 10.3390/biom11091316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell transplantation with rehabilitation therapy presents an effective stroke treatment. Here, we discuss current breakthroughs in stem cell research along with rehabilitation strategies that may have a synergistic outcome when combined together after stroke. Indeed, stem cell transplantation offers a promising new approach and may add to current rehabilitation therapies. By reviewing the pathophysiology of stroke and the mechanisms by which stem cells and rehabilitation attenuate this inflammatory process, we hypothesize that a combined therapy will provide better functional outcomes for patients. Using current preclinical data, we explore the prominent types of stem cells, the existing theories for stem cell repair, rehabilitation treatments inside the brain, rehabilitation modalities outside the brain, and evidence pertaining to the benefits of combined therapy. In this review article, we assess the advantages and disadvantages of using stem cell transplantation with rehabilitation to mitigate the devastating effects of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reed Berlet
- Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, 3333 Green Bay Rd, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA;
| | - Stefan Anthony
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, 5000 Lakewood Ranch Boulevard, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA;
| | - Beverly Brooks
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (B.B.); (Z.-J.W.)
| | - Zhen-Jie Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (B.B.); (Z.-J.W.)
| | | | - Alex Shear
- University of Florida, 205 Fletcher Drive, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
| | - Blaise Cozene
- Tulane University, 6823 St. Charles Ave, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA;
| | | | - Blake Parsons
- Washington and Lee University, 204 W Washington St, Lexington, VA 24450, USA;
| | - Felipe Esparza Salazar
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico; (F.E.S.); (A.R.L.T.); (G.R.M.)
| | - Alma R. Lezama Toledo
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico; (F.E.S.); (A.R.L.T.); (G.R.M.)
| | - Germán Rivera Monroy
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico; (F.E.S.); (A.R.L.T.); (G.R.M.)
| | | | - Cesario V. Borlongan
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (B.B.); (Z.-J.W.)
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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21
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Liu Y, Feig VR, Bao Z. Conjugated Polymer for Implantable Electronics toward Clinical Application. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001916. [PMID: 33899347 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Owing to their excellent mechanical flexibility, mixed-conducting electrical property, and extraordinary chemical turnability, conjugated polymers have been demonstrated to be an ideal bioelectronic interface to deliver therapeutic effect in many different chronic diseases. This review article summarizes the latest advances in implantable electronics using conjugated polymers as electroactive materials and identifies remaining challenges and opportunities for developing electronic medicine. Examples of conjugated polymer-based bioelectronic devices are selectively reviewed in human clinical studies or animal studies with the potential for clinical adoption. The unique properties of conjugated polymers are highlighted and exemplified as potential solutions to address the specific challenges in electronic medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Liu
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering Agency for Science, Technology and Research Singapore 138634 Singapore
| | - Vivian Rachel Feig
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA 02115 USA
| | - Zhenan Bao
- Department of Chemical Engineering Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA
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22
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Bai R, Liu J, Zhang J, Shi J, Jin Z, Li Y, Ding X, Zhu X, Yuan C, Xiu B, Liu H, Yuan Z, Liu Z. Conductive single-wall carbon nanotubes/extracellular matrix hybrid hydrogels promote the lineage-specific development of seeding cells for tissue repair through reconstructing an integrin-dependent niche. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:252. [PMID: 34425841 PMCID: PMC8381546 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-00993-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The niche of tissue development in vivo involves the growth matrix, biophysical cues and cell-cell interactions. Although natural extracellular matrixes may provide good supporting for seeding cells in vitro, it is evitable to destroy biophysical cues during decellularization. Reconstructing the bioactivities of extracellular matrix-based scaffolds is essential for their usage in tissue repair. Results In the study, a hybrid hydrogel was developed by incorporating single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) into heart-derived extracellular matrixes. Interestingly, insoluble SWCNTs were well dispersed in hybrid hydrogel solution via the interaction with extracellular matrix proteins. Importantly, an augmented integrin-dependent niche was reconstructed in the hybrid hydrogel, which could work like biophysical cues to activate integrin-related pathway of seeding cells. As supporting scaffolds in vitro, the hybrid hydrogels were observed to significantly promote seeding cell adhesion, differentiation, as well as structural and functional development towards mature cardiac tissues. As injectable carrier scaffolds in vivo, the hybrid hydrogels were then used to delivery stem cells for myocardial repair in rats. Similarly, significantly enhanced cardiac differentiation and maturation(12.5 ± 2.3% VS 32.8 ± 5%) of stem cells were detected in vivo, resulting in improved myocardial regeneration and repair. Conclusions The study represented a simple and powerful approach for exploring bioactive scaffold to promote stem cell-based tissue repair. Graphic abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12951-021-00993-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Bai
- Senior Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Jianfeng Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Jiao Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Electric Power Hospital, State Grid Corporation of China, Beijing, 100073, China
| | - Jinmiao Shi
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Zhigeng Jin
- Senior Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Yi Li
- Senior Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ding
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhu
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Chao Yuan
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Bingshui Xiu
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Huiliang Liu
- Senior Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Zengqiang Yuan
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China.
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23
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Garrudo FFF, Nogueira DES, Rodrigues CAV, Ferreira FA, Paradiso P, Colaço R, Marques AC, Cabral JMS, Morgado J, Linhardt RJ, Ferreira FC. Electrical stimulation of neural-differentiating iPSCs on novel coaxial electroconductive nanofibers. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:5359-5382. [PMID: 34223566 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm00503k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Neural tissue engineering strategies are paramount to create fully mature neurons, necessary for new therapeutic strategies for neurological diseases or the creation of reliable in vitro models. Scaffolds can provide physical support for these neurons and enable cues for enhancing neural cell differentiation, such as electrical current. Coaxial electrospinning fibers, designed to fulfill neural cell needs, bring together an electroconductive shell layer (PCL-PANI), able to mediate electrical stimulation of cells cultivated on fibers mesh surface, and a soft core layer (PGS), used to finetune fiber diameter (951 ± 465 nm) and mechanical properties (1.3 ± 0.2 MPa). Those dual functional coaxial fibers are electroconductive (0.063 ± 0.029 S cm-1, stable over 21 days) and biodegradable (72% weigh loss in 12 hours upon human lipase accelerated assay). For the first time, the long-term effects of electrical stimulation on induced neural progenitor cells were studied using such fibers. The results show increase in neural maturation (upregulation of MAP2, NEF-H and SYP), up-regulation of glutamatergic marker genes (VGLUT1 - 15-fold) and voltage-sensitive channels (SCN1α - 12-fold, CACNA1C - 32-fold), and a down-regulation of GABAergic marker (GAD67 - 0.09-fold), as detected by qRT-PCR. Therefore, this study suggest a shift from an inhibitory to an excitatory neural cell profile. This work shows that the PGS/PCL-PANI coaxial fibers here developed have potential applications in neural tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio F F Garrudo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Biotechnology Center 4005, Troy, NY 12180, USA. and Department of Bioengineering and iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal. and Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal and Department of Bioengineering and Instituto de Telecomunicações, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, P-1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Diogo E S Nogueira
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal. and Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Carlos A V Rodrigues
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal. and Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Flávio A Ferreira
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal. and Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Patrizia Paradiso
- IDMEC - Instituto de Engenharia Mecânica, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, P-1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rogério Colaço
- IDMEC - Instituto de Engenharia Mecânica, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, P-1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana C Marques
- CERENA, DEQ, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, P-1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joaquim M S Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal. and Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jorge Morgado
- Department of Bioengineering and Instituto de Telecomunicações, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, P-1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Biotechnology Center 4005, Troy, NY 12180, USA.
| | - Frederico Castelo Ferreira
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal. and Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
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24
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Song S, McConnell KW, Amores D, Levinson A, Vogel H, Quarta M, Rando TA, George PM. Electrical stimulation of human neural stem cells via conductive polymer nerve guides enhances peripheral nerve recovery. Biomaterials 2021; 275:120982. [PMID: 34214785 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Severe peripheral nerve injuries often result in permanent loss of function of the affected limb. Current treatments are limited by their efficacy in supporting nerve regeneration and behavioral recovery. Here we demonstrate that electrical stimulation through conductive nerve guides (CNGs) enhances the efficacy of human neural progenitor cells (hNPCs) in treating a sciatic nerve transection in rats. Electrical stimulation strengthened the therapeutic potential of NPCs by upregulating gene expression of neurotrophic factors which are critical in augmenting synaptic remodeling, nerve regeneration, and myelination. Electrically-stimulated hNPC-containing CNGs are significantly more effective in improving sensory and motor functions starting at 1-2 weeks after treatment than either treatment alone. Electrophysiology and muscle assessment demonstrated successful re-innervation of the affected target muscles in this group. Furthermore, histological analysis highlighted an increased number of regenerated nerve fibers with thicker myelination in electrically-stimulated hNPC-containing CNGs. The elevated expression of tyrosine kinase receptors (Trk) receptors, known to bind to neurotrophic factors, indicated the long-lasting effect from electrical stimulation on nerve regeneration and distal nerve re-innervation. These data suggest that electrically-enhanced stem cell-based therapy provides a regenerative rehabilitative approach to promote peripheral nerve regeneration and functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang Song
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kelly W McConnell
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Danielle Amores
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alexa Levinson
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hannes Vogel
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Marco Quarta
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Paul F. Glenn Laboratories for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Center for Tissue Regeneration, Restoration and Repair, Veterans Affairs Hospital, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Thomas A Rando
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Paul F. Glenn Laboratories for the Biology of Aging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Center for Tissue Regeneration, Restoration and Repair, Veterans Affairs Hospital, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Paul M George
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Stanford Stroke Center and Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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25
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Feig VR, Santhanam S, McConnell KW, Liu K, Azadian M, Brunel LG, Huang Z, Tran H, George PM, Bao Z. Conducting polymer-based granular hydrogels for injectable 3D cell scaffolds. ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES 2021; 6:2100162. [PMID: 34179344 PMCID: PMC8225239 DOI: 10.1002/admt.202100162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Injectable 3D cell scaffolds possessing both electrical conductivity and native tissue-level softness would provide a platform to leverage electric fields to manipulate stem cell behavior. Granular hydrogels, which combine jamming-induced elasticity with repeatable injectability, are versatile materials to easily encapsulate cells to form injectable 3D niches. In this work, we demonstrate that electrically conductive granular hydrogels can be fabricated via a simple method involving fragmentation of a bulk hydrogel made from the conducting polymer PEDOT:PSS. These granular conductors exhibit excellent shear-thinning and self-healing behavior, as well as record-high electrical conductivity for an injectable 3D scaffold material (~10 S m-1). Their granular microstructure also enables them to easily encapsulate induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neural progenitor cells, which were viable for at least 5 days within the injectable gel matrices. Finally, we demonstrate gel biocompatibility with minimal observed inflammatory response when injected into a rodent brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Rachel Feig
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford
University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Sruthi Santhanam
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford
University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Kelly Wu McConnell
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford
University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Kathy Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford
University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Matine Azadian
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford
University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Lucia Giulia Brunel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford,
CA, 94305, USA
| | - Zhuojun Huang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford
University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Helen Tran
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford,
CA, 94305, USA
| | - Paul M. George
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford
University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Zhenan Bao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford,
CA, 94305, USA
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26
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Oh B, Wu Y, Swaminathan V, Lam V, Ding J, George PM. Modulating the Electrical and Mechanical Microenvironment to Guide Neuronal Stem Cell Differentiation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2002112. [PMID: 33854874 PMCID: PMC8025039 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202002112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The application of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in disease modeling and regenerative medicine can be limited by the prolonged times required for functional human neuronal differentiation and traditional 2D culture techniques. Here, a conductive graphene scaffold (CGS) to modulate mechanical and electrical signals to promote human iPSC-derived neurons is presented. The soft CGS with cortex-like stiffness (≈3 kPa) and electrical stimulation (±800 mV/100 Hz for 1 h) incurs a fivefold improvement in the rate (14d) of generating iPSC-derived neurons over some traditional protocols, with an increase in mature cellular markers and electrophysiological characteristics. Consistent with other culture conditions, it is found that the pro-neurogenic effects of mechanical and electrical stimuli rely on RhoA/ROCK signaling and de novo ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) production respectively. Thus, the CGS system creates a combined physical and continuously modifiable, electrical niche to efficiently and quickly generate iPSC-derived neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeongtaek Oh
- Department of Neurology and Neurological SciencesStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCA94305USA
| | - Yu‐Wei Wu
- Department of NeurosurgeryStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCA94305USA
- Institute of Molecular BiologyAcademia SinicaTaiwan
| | - Vishal Swaminathan
- Department of Neurology and Neurological SciencesStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCA94305USA
| | - Vivek Lam
- Department of Neurology and Neurological SciencesStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCA94305USA
| | - Jun Ding
- Department of Neurology and Neurological SciencesStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCA94305USA
- Department of NeurosurgeryStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCA94305USA
| | - Paul M. George
- Department of Neurology and Neurological SciencesStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCA94305USA
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27
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Induced Pluripotency: A Powerful Tool for In Vitro Modeling. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21238910. [PMID: 33255453 PMCID: PMC7727808 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the greatest breakthroughs of regenerative medicine in this century was the discovery of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology in 2006 by Shinya Yamanaka. iPSCs originate from terminally differentiated somatic cells that have newly acquired the developmental capacity of self-renewal and differentiation into any cells of three germ layers. Before iPSCs can be used routinely in clinical practice, their efficacy and safety need to be rigorously tested; however, iPSCs have already become effective and fully-fledged tools for application under in vitro conditions. They are currently routinely used for disease modeling, preparation of difficult-to-access cell lines, monitoring of cellular mechanisms in micro- or macroscopic scales, drug testing and screening, genetic engineering, and many other applications. This review is a brief summary of the reprogramming process and subsequent differentiation and culture of reprogrammed cells into neural precursor cells (NPCs) in two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) conditions. NPCs can be used as biomedical models for neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), which are currently considered to be one of the major health problems in the human population.
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28
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Garrudo FFF, Mikael PE, Rodrigues CAV, Udangawa RW, Paradiso P, Chapman CA, Hoffman P, Colaço R, Cabral JMS, Morgado J, Linhardt RJ, Ferreira FC. Polyaniline-polycaprolactone fibers for neural applications: Electroconductivity enhanced by pseudo-doping. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 120:111680. [PMID: 33545842 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.111680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Replenishing neurons in patients with neurodegenerative diseases is one of the ultimate therapies for these progressive, debilitating and fatal diseases. Electrical stimulation can improve neuron stem cell differentiation but requires a reliable nanopatterned electroconductive substrate. Potential candidate substrates are polycaprolactone (PCL) - polyaniline:camphorsulfonic acid (PANI:CSA) nanofibers, but their nanobiophysical properties need to be finetuned. The present study investigates the use of the pseudo-doping effect on the optimization of the electroconductivity of these polyaniline-based electrospun nanofibers. This was performed by developing a new solvent system that comprises a mixture of hexafluoropropanol (HFP) and trifluoroethanol (TFE). For the first time, an electroconductivity so high as 0.2 S cm-1 was obtained for, obtained from a TFE:HFP 50/50 vol% solution, while maintaining fiber biocompatibility. The physicochemical mechanisms behind these changes were studied. The results suggest HFP promotes changes on PANI chains conformations through pseudo-doping, leading to the observed enhancement in electroconductivity. The consequences of such change in the nanofabrication of PCL-PANI fibers include an increase in fiber diameter (373 ± 172 nm), a decrease in contact angle (42 ± 3°) and a decrease in Young modulus (1.6 ± 0.5 MPa), making these fibers interesting candidates for neural tissue engineering. Electrical stimulation of differentiating neural stem cells was performed using AC electrical current. Positive effects on cell alignment and gene expression (DCX, MAP2) are observed. The novel optimized platform shows promising applications for (1) building in vitro platforms for drug screening, (2) interfaces for deep-brain electrodes; and (3) fully grown and functional neurons transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio F F Garrudo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Biotechnology Center 4005, Troy, NY 12180, USA; Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal; Department of Bioengineering and Instituto de Telecomunicações, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Paiyz E Mikael
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Biotechnology Center 4005, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Carlos A V Rodrigues
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal
| | - Ranodhi W Udangawa
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Biotechnology Center 4005, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Patrizia Paradiso
- IDMEC - Instituto de Engenharia Mecânica, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Caitlyn A Chapman
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Biotechnology Center 4005, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Pauline Hoffman
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Biotechnology Center 4005, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Rogério Colaço
- IDMEC - Instituto de Engenharia Mecânica, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joaquim M S Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal
| | - Jorge Morgado
- Department of Bioengineering and Instituto de Telecomunicações, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Biotechnology Center 4005, Troy, NY 12180, USA.
| | - Frederico Castelo Ferreira
- Department of Bioengineering and Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, Lisboa 1049-001, Portugal.
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29
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Yu X, Zhang T, Li Y. 3D Printing and Bioprinting Nerve Conduits for Neural Tissue Engineering. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1637. [PMID: 32717878 PMCID: PMC7465920 DOI: 10.3390/polym12081637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fabrication of nerve conduits for perfectly repairing or replacing damaged peripheral nerve is an urgent demand worldwide, but it is also a formidable clinical challenge. In the last decade, with the rapid development of manufacture technologies, 3D printing and bioprinting have been becoming remarkable stars in the field of neural engineering. In this review, we explore that the biomaterial inks (hydrogels, thermoplastic, and thermoset polyesters and composite) and bioinks have been selected for 3D printing and bioprinting of peripheral nerve conduits. This review covers 3D manufacturing technologies, including extrusion printing, inkjet printing, stereolithography, and bioprinting with inclusion of cells, bioactive molecules, and drugs. Finally, an outlook on the future directions of 3D printing and 4D printing in customizable nerve therapies is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Yu
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Tian Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yuan Li
- School of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Life Science, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China;
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