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Parafati M, La Russa D, Lascala A, Crupi F, Riillo C, Fotschki B, Mollace V, Janda E. Dramatic Suppression of Lipogenesis and No Increase in Beta-Oxidation Gene Expression Are among the Key Effects of Bergamot Flavonoids in Fatty Liver Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:766. [PMID: 39061835 PMCID: PMC11273501 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13070766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Bergamot flavonoids have been shown to prevent metabolic syndrome, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and stimulate autophagy in animal models and patients. To investigate further the mechanism of polyphenol-dependent effects, we performed a RT2-PCR array analysis on 168 metabolism, transport and autophagy-related genes expressed in rat livers exposed for 14 weeks to different diets: standard, cafeteria (CAF) and CAF diet supplemented with 50 mg/kg of bergamot polyphenol fraction (BPF). CAF diet caused a strong upregulation of gluconeogenesis pathway (Gck, Pck2) and a moderate (>1.7 fold) induction of genes regulating lipogenesis (Srebf1, Pparg, Xbp1), lipid and cholesterol transport or lipolysis (Fabp3, Apoa1, Lpl) and inflammation (Il6, Il10, Tnf). However, only one β-oxidation gene (Cpt1a) and a few autophagy genes were differentially expressed in CAF rats compared to controls. While most of these transcripts were significantly modulated by BPF, we observed a particularly potent effect on lipogenesis genes, like Acly, Acaca and Fasn, which were suppressed far below the mRNA levels of control livers as confirmed by alternative primers-based RT2-PCR analysis and western blotting. These effects were accompanied by downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (Il6, Tnfa, and Il10) and diabetes-related genes. Few autophagy (Map1Lc3a, Dapk) and no β-oxidation gene expression changes were observed compared to CAF group. In conclusion, chronic BPF supplementation efficiently prevents NAFLD by modulating hepatic energy metabolism and inflammation gene expression programs, with no effect on β-oxidation, but profound suppression of de novo lipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maddalena Parafati
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Campus Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.P.); (F.C.); (C.R.); (V.M.)
| | - Daniele La Russa
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy;
| | - Antonella Lascala
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Campus Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.P.); (F.C.); (C.R.); (V.M.)
| | - Francesco Crupi
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Campus Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.P.); (F.C.); (C.R.); (V.M.)
| | - Concetta Riillo
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Campus Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.P.); (F.C.); (C.R.); (V.M.)
| | - Bartosz Fotschki
- Department of Biological Function of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Campus Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.P.); (F.C.); (C.R.); (V.M.)
| | - Elzbieta Janda
- Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Campus Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.P.); (F.C.); (C.R.); (V.M.)
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Maggiolo G, Aldigeri R, Savini C, Mengani M, Maggi M, Frigeri G, Spigoni V, Cinquegrani G, Fantuzzi F, Di Donna L, Tosi N, Bergamo F, Bresciani L, Rosi A, Mena P, Scazzina F, Del Rio D, Bonadonna RC, Dei Cas A. Chronic consumption of a bergamot-based beverage does not affect glucose, lipid and inflammatory biomarkers of cardiometabolic risk in healthy subjects: a randomised controlled intervention study. Food Funct 2024; 15:5842-5854. [PMID: 38767145 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo00877d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Background: Pure bergamot juice exerts lipid lowering effects in dyslipidemic subjects. It is unknown whether bergamot-based beverages exert similar effects in healthy subjects. Aim: To assess the effects, if any, of a bergamot-based beverage (BBB, bergamot juice ≤25%) on lipid, metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers. Methods: Forty-five healthy subjects were randomised 1 : 1 to BBB intake (400 mL day-1) (55.5%) or control (44.5%) for 12 weeks. Anthropometric (waist circumference, body mass index (BMI)) and clinical (blood pressure) parameters, blood samples (glucose, glycated haemoglobin, insulinemia, lipid profile, liver and renal function, inflammatory biomarkers) and 24-h urine for the analysis of (poly)phenol metabolites were collected at the baseline and at 12 weeks. Intakes of energy, nutrients and food groups were assessed by a 7-day dietary record. Results: Both groups exhibited a time-related significant decrease in total cholesterol (p = 0.02), fasting plasma glucose (p = 0.016), insulin (p = 0.034), BMI (p < 0.001) and waist circumference (p = 0.04), but with no significant between-arm difference. The urinary profile of metabolites from the BBB-derived (poly)phenols well discriminated the two study groups, documenting good compliance in the intervention arm. Notably, urinary bergamot 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG) -containing flavanones or derived HMG-containing metabolites were not detectable. BBB was well tolerated and no adverse events were recorded. Conclusion: This first randomized controlled trial of BBB consumption in healthy subjects showed no effects of BBB on the cardiometabolic risk profile. BBB consumption is a safe nutritional adjunct in the context of a well balanced diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Maggiolo
- Division of Nutritional and Metabolic Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy.
| | | | - Cecilia Savini
- Division of Nutritional and Metabolic Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy.
| | - Martina Mengani
- Division of Nutritional and Metabolic Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy.
| | - Marta Maggi
- Division of Nutritional and Metabolic Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy.
| | - Giulia Frigeri
- Division of Nutritional and Metabolic Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy.
| | - Valentina Spigoni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Federica Fantuzzi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Leonardo Di Donna
- QUASIORA Laboratory, AGRINFRA Research Net, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies, Università della Calabria, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Nicole Tosi
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Federica Bergamo
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Letizia Bresciani
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Alice Rosi
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Pedro Mena
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Francesca Scazzina
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Daniele Del Rio
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Riccardo C Bonadonna
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Alessandra Dei Cas
- Division of Nutritional and Metabolic Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy.
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università di Parma, Parma, Italy
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Lombardo GE, Russo C, Maugeri A, Navarra M. Sirtuins as Players in the Signal Transduction of Citrus Flavonoids. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1956. [PMID: 38396635 PMCID: PMC10889095 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25041956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins (SIRTs) belong to the family of nicotine adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent class III histone deacetylases, which come into play in the regulation of epigenetic processes through the deacetylation of histones and other substrates. The human genome encodes for seven homologs (SIRT1-7), which are localized into the nucleus, cytoplasm, and mitochondria, with different enzymatic activities and regulatory mechanisms. Indeed, SIRTs are involved in different physio-pathological processes responsible for the onset of several human illnesses, such as cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, obesity and diabetes, age-related disorders, and cancer. Nowadays, it is well-known that Citrus fruits, typical of the Mediterranean diet, are an important source of bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols. Among these, flavonoids are recognized as potential agents endowed with a wide range of beneficial properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hypolipidemic, and antitumoral ones. On these bases, we offer a comprehensive overview on biological effects exerted by Citrus flavonoids via targeting SIRTs, which acted as modulator of several signaling pathways. According to the reported studies, Citrus flavonoids appear to be promising SIRT modulators in many different pathologies, a role which might be potentially evaluated in future therapies, along with encouraging the study of those SIRT members which still lack proper evidence on their support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Enrico Lombardo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (G.E.L.); (C.R.); (M.N.)
| | - Caterina Russo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (G.E.L.); (C.R.); (M.N.)
| | - Alessandro Maugeri
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Michele Navarra
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy; (G.E.L.); (C.R.); (M.N.)
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Carresi C, Cardamone A, Coppoletta AR, Caminiti R, Macrì R, Lorenzo F, Scarano F, Mollace R, Guarnieri L, Ruga S, Nucera S, Musolino V, Gliozzi M, Palma E, Muscoli C, Volterrani M, Mollace V. The protective effect of Bergamot Polyphenolic Fraction on reno-cardiac damage induced by DOCA-salt and unilateral renal artery ligation in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 171:116082. [PMID: 38242036 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.116082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
To date, the complex pathological interactions between renal and cardiovascular systems represent a real global epidemic in both developed and developing countries. In this context, renovascular hypertension (RVH) remains among the most prevalent, but also potentially reversible, risk factor for numerous reno-cardiac diseases in humans and pets. Here, we investigated the anti-inflammatory and reno-cardiac protective effects of a polyphenol-rich fraction of bergamot (BPF) in an experimental model of hypertension induced by unilateral renal artery ligation. Adult male Wistar rats underwent unilateral renal artery ligation and treatment with deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) (20 mg/kg, s.c.), twice a week for a period of 4 weeks, and 1% sodium chloride (NaCl) water (n = 10). A subgroup of hypertensive rats received BPF (100 mg/kg/day for 28 consecutive days, n = 10) by gavage. Another group of animals was treated with a sub-cutaneous injection of vehicle (that served as control, n = 8). Unilateral renal artery ligation followed by treatment with DOCA and 1% NaCl water resulted in a significant increase in mean arterial blood pressure (MAP; p< 0.05. vs CTRL) which strongly increased the resistive index (RI; p<0.05 vs CTRL) of contralateral renal artery flow and kidney volume after 4 weeks (p<0.001 vs CTRL). Renal dysfunction also led to a dysfunction of cardiac tissue strain associated with overt dyssynchrony in cardiac wall motion when compared to CTRL group, as shown by the increased time-to-peak (T2P; p<0.05) and the decreased whole peak capacity (Pk; p<0.01) in displacement and strain rate (p<0.05, respectively) in longitudinal motion. Consequently, the hearts of RAL DOCA-Salt rats showed a larger time delay between the fastest and the lowest region (Maximum Opposite Wall Delay-MOWD) when compared to CTRL group (p<0.05 in displacement and p <0.01 in strain rate). Furthermore, a significant increase in the levels of the circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines (p< 0.05 for IL-12(40), p< 0.01 for GM-CSF, KC, IL-13, and TNF- α) and in the NGAL expression of the ligated kidney (p< 0.001) was observed compared to CTRL group. Interestingly, this pathological condition is prevented by BPF treatment. In particular, BPF treatment prevents the increase of blood pressure in RAL DOCA-Salt rats (p< 0.05) and exerts a protective effect on the volume of the contralateral kidney (p <0.01). Moreover, BPF ameliorates cardiac tissue strain dysfunction by increasing Pk in displacement (p <0.01) and reducing the T2P in strain rate motion (p<0.05). These latter effects significantly improve MOWD (p <0.05) preventing the overt dyssynchrony in cardiac wall motion. Finally, the reno-cardiac protective effect of BPF was associated with a significant reduction in serum level of some pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines (p<0.05 for KC and IL-12(40), p<0.01 for GM-CSF, IL-13, and TNF- α) restoring physiological levels of renal neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL, p<0.05) protein of the tethered kidney. In conclusion, the present results show, for the first time, that BPF promotes an efficient renovascular protection preventing the progression of inflammation and reno-cardiac damage. Overall, these data point to a potential clinical and veterinary role of dietary supplementation with the polyphenol-rich fraction of citrus bergamot in counteracting hypertension-induced reno-cardiac syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Carresi
- Veterinary Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Antonio Cardamone
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Coppoletta
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rosamaria Caminiti
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Roberta Macrì
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Lorenzo
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Federica Scarano
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rocco Mollace
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy
| | - Lorenza Guarnieri
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Stefano Ruga
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Saverio Nucera
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Musolino
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Micaela Gliozzi
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ernesto Palma
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Carolina Muscoli
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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Russo C, Lombardo GE, Bruschetta G, Rapisarda A, Maugeri A, Navarra M. Bergamot Byproducts: A Sustainable Source to Counteract Inflammation. Nutrients 2024; 16:259. [PMID: 38257152 PMCID: PMC10819577 DOI: 10.3390/nu16020259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is the result of an acute inflammatory response that fails to eliminate the pathogenic agent or heal the tissue injury. The consequence of this failure lays the foundations to the onset of several chronic ailments, including skin disorders, respiratory and neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic syndrome, and, eventually, cancer. In this context, the long-term use of synthetic anti-inflammatory drugs to treat chronic illnesses cannot be tolerated by patients owing to the severe side effects. Based on this, the need for novel agents endowed with anti-inflammatory effects prompted to search potential candidates also within the plant kingdom, being recognized as a source of molecules currently employed in several therapeutical areas. Indeed, the ever-growing evidence on the anti-inflammatory properties of dietary polyphenols traced the route towards the study of flavonoid-rich sources, such as Citrus bergamia (bergamot) and its derivatives. Interestingly, the recent paradigm of the circular economy has promoted the valorization of Citrus fruit waste and, in regard to bergamot, it brought to light new evidence corroborating the anti-inflammatory potential of bergamot byproducts, thus increasing the scientific knowledge in this field. Therefore, this review aims to gather the latest literature supporting the beneficial role of both bergamot derivatives and waste products in different models of inflammatory-based diseases, thus highlighting the great potentiality of a waste re-evaluation perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Russo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (C.R.); (G.E.L.); (A.R.); (M.N.)
| | - Giovanni Enrico Lombardo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (C.R.); (G.E.L.); (A.R.); (M.N.)
| | - Giuseppe Bruschetta
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Viale G. Palatucci, 98168 Messina, Italy;
| | - Antonio Rapisarda
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (C.R.); (G.E.L.); (A.R.); (M.N.)
| | - Alessandro Maugeri
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Viale G. Palatucci, 98168 Messina, Italy;
| | - Michele Navarra
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy; (C.R.); (G.E.L.); (A.R.); (M.N.)
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Gong P, Long H, Guo Y, Wang Z, Yao W, Wang J, Yang W, Li N, Xie J, Chen F. Chinese herbal medicines: The modulator of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease targeting oxidative stress. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:116927. [PMID: 37532073 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Plants are a natural treasure trove; their secondary metabolites participate in several pharmacological processes, making them a crucial component in the synthesis of novel pharmaceuticals and serving as a reserve resource foundation in this process. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with the risk of progression to hepatitis and liver cancer. The "Treatise on Febrile Diseases," "Compendium of Materia Medica," and "Thousand Golden Prescriptions" have listed herbal remedies to treat liver diseases. AIM OF THE REVIEW Chinese herbal medicines have been widely used for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD owing to their efficacy and low side effects. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during NAFLD, and the impact and potential mechanism of ROS on the pathogenesis of NAFLD are discussed in this review. Furthermore, common foods and herbs that can be used to prevent NAFLD, as well as the structure-activity relationships and potential mechanisms, are discussed. METHODS Web of Science, PubMed, CNKI database, Google Scholar, and WanFang database were searched for natural products that have been used to treat or prevent NAFLD in the past five years. The primary search was performed using the following keywords in different combinations in full articles: NAFLD, herb, natural products, medicine, and ROS. More than 400 research papers and review articles were found and analyzed in this review. RESULTS By classifying and discussing the literature, we obtained 86 herbaceous plants, 28 of which were derived from food and 58 from Chinese herbal medicines. The mechanism of NAFLD was proposed through experimental studies on thirteen natural compounds (quercetin, hesperidin, rutin, curcumin, resveratrol, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, salvianolic acid B, paeoniflorin, ginsenoside Rg1, ursolic acid, berberine, honokiol, emodin). The occurrence and progression of NAFLD could be prevented by natural antioxidants through several pathways to prevent ROS accumulation and reduce hepatic cell injuries caused by excessive ROS. CONCLUSION This review summarizes the natural products and routinely used herbs (prescription) in the prevention and treatment of NAFLD. Firstly, the mechanisms by which natural products improve NAFLD through antioxidant pathways are elucidated. Secondly, the potential of traditional Chinese medicine theory in improving NAFLD is discussed, highlighting the safety of food-medicine homology and the broader clinical potential of multi-component formulations in improving NAFLD. Aiming to provide theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin Gong
- School of Food and Biotechnological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Hui Long
- School of Food and Biotechnological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Yuxi Guo
- School of Food and Biotechnological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Zhineng Wang
- School of Food and Biotechnological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Wenbo Yao
- School of Food and Biotechnological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Food and Biotechnological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Wenjuan Yang
- School of Food and Biotechnological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Nan Li
- School of Food and Biotechnological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Jianwu Xie
- School of Food and Biotechnological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China.
| | - Fuxin Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710054, China.
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Nucera S, Scarano F, Macrì R, Mollace R, Gliozzi M, Carresi C, Ruga S, Serra M, Tavernese A, Caminiti R, Coppoletta A, Cardamone A, Montalcini T, Pujia A, Palma E, Muscoli C, Barillà F, Musolino V, Mollace V. The Effect of an Innovative Combination of Bergamot Polyphenolic Fraction and Cynara cardunculus L. Extract on Weight Gain Reduction and Fat Browning in Obese Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:191. [PMID: 38203362 PMCID: PMC10779365 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is one of the world's most serious public health issues, with a high risk of developing a wide range of diseases. As a result, focusing on adipose tissue dysfunction may help to prevent the metabolic disturbances commonly associated with obesity. Nutraceutical supplementation may be a crucial strategy for improving WAT inflammation and obesity and accelerating the browning process. The aim of this study was to perform a preclinical "proof of concept" study on Bergacyn®, an innovative formulation originating from a combination of bergamot polyphenolic fraction (BPF) and Cynara cardunculus (CyC), for the treatment of adipose tissue dysfunction. In particular, Bergacyn® supplementation in WD/SW-fed mice at doses of 50 mg/kg given orally for 12 weeks, was able to reduce body weight and total fat mass in the WD/SW mice, in association with an improvement in plasma biochemical parameters, including glycemia, total cholesterol, and LDL levels. In addition, a significant reduction in serum ALT levels was highlighted. The decreased WAT levels corresponded to an increased weight of BAT tissue, which was associated with a downregulation of PPARγ as compared to the vehicle group. Bergacyn® was able to restore PPARγ levels and prevent NF-kB overexpression in the WAT of mice fed a WD/SW diet, suggesting an improved oxidative metabolism and inflammatory status. These results were associated with a significant potentiation of the total antioxidant status in WD/SW mice. Finally, our data show, for the first time, that Bergacyn® supplementation may be a valuable approach to counteract adipose tissue dysfunction and obesity-associated effects on cardiometabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saverio Nucera
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.N.); (F.S.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (S.R.); (M.S.); (A.T.); (R.C.); (A.C.); (A.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Federica Scarano
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.N.); (F.S.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (S.R.); (M.S.); (A.T.); (R.C.); (A.C.); (A.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Roberta Macrì
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.N.); (F.S.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (S.R.); (M.S.); (A.T.); (R.C.); (A.C.); (A.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Rocco Mollace
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.N.); (F.S.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (S.R.); (M.S.); (A.T.); (R.C.); (A.C.); (A.C.); (C.M.)
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Micaela Gliozzi
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.N.); (F.S.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (S.R.); (M.S.); (A.T.); (R.C.); (A.C.); (A.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Cristina Carresi
- Veterinary Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.C.); (E.P.)
| | - Stefano Ruga
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.N.); (F.S.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (S.R.); (M.S.); (A.T.); (R.C.); (A.C.); (A.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Maria Serra
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.N.); (F.S.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (S.R.); (M.S.); (A.T.); (R.C.); (A.C.); (A.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Annamaria Tavernese
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.N.); (F.S.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (S.R.); (M.S.); (A.T.); (R.C.); (A.C.); (A.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Rosamaria Caminiti
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.N.); (F.S.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (S.R.); (M.S.); (A.T.); (R.C.); (A.C.); (A.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Annarita Coppoletta
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.N.); (F.S.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (S.R.); (M.S.); (A.T.); (R.C.); (A.C.); (A.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Antonio Cardamone
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.N.); (F.S.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (S.R.); (M.S.); (A.T.); (R.C.); (A.C.); (A.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Tiziana Montalcini
- Clinical Nutrition Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University Magna of Græcia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Arturo Pujia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Ernesto Palma
- Veterinary Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.C.); (E.P.)
| | - Carolina Muscoli
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.N.); (F.S.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (S.R.); (M.S.); (A.T.); (R.C.); (A.C.); (A.C.); (C.M.)
| | - Francesco Barillà
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Vincenzo Musolino
- Pharmaceutical Biology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.N.); (F.S.); (R.M.); (M.G.); (S.R.); (M.S.); (A.T.); (R.C.); (A.C.); (A.C.); (C.M.)
- Renato Dulbecco Institute, Lamezia Terme, 88046 Catanzaro, Italy
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8
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Musolino V, Macrì R, Cardamone A, Tucci L, Serra M, Lupia C, Maurotti S, Mare R, Nucera S, Guarnieri L, Marrelli M, Coppoletta AR, Carresi C, Gliozzi M, Mollace V. Salvia rosmarinus Spenn. (Lamiaceae) Hydroalcoholic Extract: Phytochemical Analysis, Antioxidant Activity and In Vitro Evaluation of Fatty Acid Accumulation. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3306. [PMID: 37765470 PMCID: PMC10536996 DOI: 10.3390/plants12183306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Salvia rosmarinus Spenn. is a native Mediterranean shrub belonging to the Lamiaceae family and is well-known as a flavoring and spicing agent. In addition to its classical use, it has drawn attention because its biological activities, due particularly to the presence of polyphenols, including carnosic acid and rosmarinic acid, and phenolic diterpenes as carnosol. In this study, the aerial part of rosemary was extracted with a hydroalcoholic solution through maceration, followed by ultrasound sonication, to obtain a terpenoids-rich Salvia rosmarinus extract (TRSrE) and a polyphenols-rich Salvia rosmarinus extract (PRSrE). After phytochemical characterization, both extracts were investigated for their antioxidant activity through a classical assay and with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) for their DPPH and hydroxyl radicals scavenging. Finally, their potential beneficial effects to reduce lipid accumulation in an in vitro model of NAFLD were evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Musolino
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (C.L.); (S.N.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.)
| | - Roberta Macrì
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (C.L.); (S.N.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.)
| | - Antonio Cardamone
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (C.L.); (S.N.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.)
| | | | - Maria Serra
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (C.L.); (S.N.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.)
| | - Carmine Lupia
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (C.L.); (S.N.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.)
| | - Samantha Maurotti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.M.); (R.M.)
| | - Rosario Mare
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (S.M.); (R.M.)
| | - Saverio Nucera
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (C.L.); (S.N.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.)
| | - Lorenza Guarnieri
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (C.L.); (S.N.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.)
| | - Mariangela Marrelli
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy;
| | - Anna Rita Coppoletta
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (C.L.); (S.N.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.)
| | - Cristina Carresi
- Veterinary Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Micaela Gliozzi
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (C.L.); (S.N.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.)
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (C.L.); (S.N.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.)
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Carresi C, Cardamone A, Coppoletta AR, Mollace A, Musolino V, Gliozzi M, Mollace V. Imbalance of thalamic metabolites in an experimental model of hypertension: role of bergamot polyphenols. Front Integr Neurosci 2023; 17:1271005. [PMID: 37780094 PMCID: PMC10536961 DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2023.1271005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral metabolites are associated with different physiological and pathological processes in brain tissue. Among them, the concentrations of N-acetylaspartate (NAA) and choline-containing compounds (Cho) in the thalamic region are recognized and analyzed as important predictive markers of brain impairment. The relationship among hypertension, modulation of brain metabolite levels and cerebral diseases is of recent investigation, leaving many unanswered questions regarding the origin and consequences of the metabolic damage caused in grey and white matter during hypertension. Here we provide evidence for the influence of hypertension on NAA and Cho ratios in hypertensive rat thalamus and how the use of natural occurring compounds ameliorates the balance of thalamic metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Carresi
- Veterinary Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, Interregional Research Center for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonio Cardamone
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, Interregional Research Center for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Coppoletta
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, Interregional Research Center for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Annachiara Mollace
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, Interregional Research Center for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Musolino
- Pharmaceutical Biology Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, Interregional Research Center for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Micaela Gliozzi
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, Interregional Research Center for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences, Interregional Research Center for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
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Janilkarn-Urena I, Idrissova A, Zhang M, VanDreal M, Sanghavi N, Skinner SG, Cheng S, Zhang Z, Watanabe J, Asatryan L, Cadenas E, Davies DL. Dihydromyricetin supplementation improves ethanol-induced lipid accumulation and inflammation. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1201007. [PMID: 37680900 PMCID: PMC10481966 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1201007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Excessive alcohol consumption leads to a myriad of detrimental health effects, including alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD). Unfortunately, no available treatments exist to combat the progression of ALD beyond corticosteroid administration and/or liver transplants. Dihydromyricetin (DHM) is a bioactive polyphenol and flavonoid that has traditionally been used in Chinese herbal medicine for its robust antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. It is derived from many plants, including Hovenia dulcis and is found as the active ingredient in a variety of popular hangover remedies. Investigations utilizing DHM have demonstrated its ability to alleviate ethanol-induced disruptions in mitochondrial and lipid metabolism, while demonstrating hepatoprotective activity. Methods Female c57BL/6J mice (n = 12/group) were treated using the Lieber DeCarli forced-drinking and ethanol (EtOH) containing liquid diet, for 5 weeks. Mice were randomly divided into three groups: (1) No-EtOH, (2) EtOH [5% (v/v)], and (3) EtOH [5% (v/v)] + DHM (6 mg/mL). Mice were exposed to ethanol for 2 weeks to ensure the development of ALD pathology prior to receiving dihydromyricetin supplementation. Statistical analysis included one-way ANOVA along with Bonferroni multiple comparison tests, where p ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Dihydromyricetin administration significantly improved aminotransferase levels (AST/ALT) and reduced levels of circulating lipids including LDL/VLDL, total cholesterol (free cholesterol), and triglycerides. DHM demonstrated enhanced lipid clearance by way of increased lipophagy activity, shown as the increased interaction and colocalization of p62/SQSTM-1, LC3B, and PLIN-1 proteins. DHM-fed mice had increased hepatocyte-to-hepatocyte lipid droplet (LD) heterogeneity, suggesting increased neutralization and sequestration of free lipids into LDs. DHM administration significantly reduced prominent pro-inflammatory cytokines commonly associated with ALD pathology such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-17. Discussion Dihydromyricetin is commercially available as a dietary supplement. The results of this proof-of-concept study demonstrate its potential utility and functionality as a cost-effective and safe candidate to combat inflammation and the progression of ALD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isis Janilkarn-Urena
- Titus Family Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Southern California Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Alina Idrissova
- Titus Family Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Southern California Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Mindy Zhang
- Titus Family Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Southern California Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Masha VanDreal
- Titus Family Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Southern California Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Neysa Sanghavi
- Titus Family Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Southern California Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Samantha G. Skinner
- Titus Family Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Southern California Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Sydney Cheng
- Titus Family Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Southern California Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Zeyu Zhang
- Titus Family Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Southern California Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Translational Research Lab, USC Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Junji Watanabe
- Translational Research Lab, USC Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Liana Asatryan
- Titus Family Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Southern California Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Enrique Cadenas
- Titus Family Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Southern California Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Daryl L. Davies
- Titus Family Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Southern California Alfred E. Mann School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Mollace R, Macrì R, Nicita M, Musolino V, Gliozzi M, Carresi C, Bava I, Maiuolo J, Tavernese A, Cardamone A, Tucci L, Trunfio G, Janda E, Palma E, Muscoli C, Barillà F, Federici M, Scarano F, Mollace V. Bergamot Polyphenolic Extract Combined with Albedo and Pulp Fibres Counteracts Changes in Gut Microbiota Associated with High-Fat Diet: Implications for Lipoprotein Size Re-Arrangement. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12967. [PMID: 37629146 PMCID: PMC10454550 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence exists that the gut microbiota contributes to the alterations of lipid metabolism associated with high-fat diet (HFD). Moreover, the gut microbiota has been found to modulate the metabolism and absorption of dietary lipids, thereby affecting the formation of lipoproteins occurring at the intestinal level as well as systemically, though the pathophysiological implication of altered microbiota composition in HFD and its role in the development of atherosclerotic vascular disease (ATVD) remain to be better clarified. Recently, evidence has been collected indicating that supplementation with natural polyphenols and fibres accounts for an improvement of HFD-associated intestinal dysbiosis, thereby leading to improved lipidaemic profile. This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of a bergamot polyphenolic extract (BPE) containing 48% polyphenols enriched with albedo and pulp-derived micronized fibres (BMF) in the gut microbiota of HFD-induced dyslipidaemia. In particular, rats that received an HFD over a period of four consecutive weeks showed a significant increase in plasma cholesterol, triglycerides and plasma glucose compared to a normal-fat diet (NFD) group. This effect was accompanied by body weight increase and alteration of lipoprotein size and concentration, followed by high levels of MDA, a biomarker of lipid peroxidation. Treatment with a combination of BPE plus BMF (50/50%) resulted in a significant reduction in alterations of the metabolic parameters found in HFD-fed rats, an effect associated with increased size of lipoproteins. Furthermore, the effect of BPE plus BMF treatment on metabolic balance and lipoprotein size re-arrangement was associated with reduced gut-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels, an effect subsequent to improved gut microbiota as expressed by modulation of the Gram-negative bacteria Proteobacteria, as well as Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. This study suggests that nutraceutical supplementation of HFD-fed rats with BPE and BMP or with their combination product leads to restored gut microbiota, an effect associated with lipoprotein size re-arrangement and better lipidaemic and metabolic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocco Mollace
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (M.N.); (M.G.); (I.B.); (A.T.); (A.C.); (L.T.); (G.T.); (E.J.); (C.M.); (F.S.)
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy; (F.B.); (M.F.)
| | - Roberta Macrì
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (M.N.); (M.G.); (I.B.); (A.T.); (A.C.); (L.T.); (G.T.); (E.J.); (C.M.); (F.S.)
| | - Martina Nicita
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (M.N.); (M.G.); (I.B.); (A.T.); (A.C.); (L.T.); (G.T.); (E.J.); (C.M.); (F.S.)
| | - Vincenzo Musolino
- Pharmaceutical Biology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (V.M.); (J.M.)
| | - Micaela Gliozzi
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (M.N.); (M.G.); (I.B.); (A.T.); (A.C.); (L.T.); (G.T.); (E.J.); (C.M.); (F.S.)
| | - Cristina Carresi
- Veterinary Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.C.); (E.P.)
| | - Irene Bava
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (M.N.); (M.G.); (I.B.); (A.T.); (A.C.); (L.T.); (G.T.); (E.J.); (C.M.); (F.S.)
| | - Jessica Maiuolo
- Pharmaceutical Biology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (V.M.); (J.M.)
| | - Annamaria Tavernese
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (M.N.); (M.G.); (I.B.); (A.T.); (A.C.); (L.T.); (G.T.); (E.J.); (C.M.); (F.S.)
| | - Antonio Cardamone
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (M.N.); (M.G.); (I.B.); (A.T.); (A.C.); (L.T.); (G.T.); (E.J.); (C.M.); (F.S.)
| | - Luigi Tucci
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (M.N.); (M.G.); (I.B.); (A.T.); (A.C.); (L.T.); (G.T.); (E.J.); (C.M.); (F.S.)
| | - Giuseppe Trunfio
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (M.N.); (M.G.); (I.B.); (A.T.); (A.C.); (L.T.); (G.T.); (E.J.); (C.M.); (F.S.)
| | - Elzbieta Janda
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (M.N.); (M.G.); (I.B.); (A.T.); (A.C.); (L.T.); (G.T.); (E.J.); (C.M.); (F.S.)
| | - Ernesto Palma
- Veterinary Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.C.); (E.P.)
| | - Carolina Muscoli
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (M.N.); (M.G.); (I.B.); (A.T.); (A.C.); (L.T.); (G.T.); (E.J.); (C.M.); (F.S.)
| | - Francesco Barillà
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy; (F.B.); (M.F.)
| | - Massimo Federici
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy; (F.B.); (M.F.)
| | - Federica Scarano
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (M.N.); (M.G.); (I.B.); (A.T.); (A.C.); (L.T.); (G.T.); (E.J.); (C.M.); (F.S.)
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (M.N.); (M.G.); (I.B.); (A.T.); (A.C.); (L.T.); (G.T.); (E.J.); (C.M.); (F.S.)
- Renato Dulbecco Institute, Lamezia Terme, 88046 Catanzaro, Italy
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12
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Khan MS, Kim HS, Kim R, Yoon SH, Kim SG. Dysregulated Liver Metabolism and Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087454. [PMID: 37108615 PMCID: PMC10138914 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A significant fraction of couples around the world suffer from polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), a disease defined by the characteristics of enhanced androgen synthesis in ovarian theca cells, hyperandrogenemia, and ovarian dysfunction in women. Most of the clinically observable symptoms and altered blood biomarker levels in the patients indicate metabolic dysregulation and adaptive changes as the key underlying mechanisms. Since the liver is the metabolic hub of the body and is involved in steroid-hormonal detoxification, pathological changes in the liver may contribute to female endocrine disruption, potentially through the liver-to-ovary axis. Of particular interest are hyperglycemic challenges and the consequent changes in liver-secretory protein(s) and insulin sensitivity affecting the maturation of ovarian follicles, potentially leading to female infertility. The purpose of this review is to provide insight into emerging metabolic mechanisms underlying PCOS as the primary culprit, which promote its incidence and aggravation. Additionally, this review aims to summarize medications and new potential therapeutic approaches for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sohaib Khan
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang-si 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Sun Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dongguk University Ilsan Medical Center, Goyang-si 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Ranhee Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dongguk University Ilsan Medical Center, Goyang-si 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ho Yoon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dongguk University Ilsan Medical Center, Goyang-si 10326, Republic of Korea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Dongguk University Medical College, Goyang-si 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Geon Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang-si 10326, Republic of Korea
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13
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Palacio TLN, Siqueira JS, de Paula BH, Rego RMP, Vieira TA, Baron G, Altomare A, Ferron AJT, Aldini G, Kano HT, Correa CR. Bergamot ( Citrus bergamia) leaf extract improves metabolic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity in skeletal muscles in a metabolic syndrome experimental model. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2023; 74:64-71. [PMID: 36519349 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2022.2154328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic Syndrome (MetS), inflammation and oxidative stress contribute to impairment of skeletal muscle function. Bergamot (Citrus bergamia) leaf extract (BLE) has shown protective effects against comorbidities associated with MetS through its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. The aim of this work was to elucidate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of BLE in skeletal muscles in an experimental model of MetS. Once metabolic syndrome was diagnosed, animals were divided into groups receiving different treatments for 10 weeks, including control diet (n = 10), control + BLE (n = 10), High Sugar-fat diet (HSF) (n = 10), HSF + BLE (n = 10). Evaluation included nutritional, metabolic and hormonal analyses, along with measurements of inflammatory status and oxidative stress in soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles. BLE showed positive metabolic effects, with a reduction of plasma triglycerides and insulin resistance and an increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and protective activity against oxidative stress and inflammation in Soleus and EDL muscles in animals with MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Giovanna Baron
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Artur Junio Togneri Ferron
- Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil.,Department of Physical Education, Integrated Colleges of Bauru (FIB), Bauru, Brazil
| | - Giancarlo Aldini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Hugo Tadashi Kano
- Medical School, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
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14
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Huang Y, Zhang Y, Wu Y, Xiang Q, Yu R. An Integrative Pharmacology-Based Strategy to Uncover the Mechanism of Zuogui Jiangtang Shuxin Formula in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Drug Des Devel Ther 2023; 17:237-260. [PMID: 36726736 PMCID: PMC9885885 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s390883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to explore the mechanism of Zuogui Jiangtang Shuxin formula (ZGJTSXF) in the treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) by an integrative strategy combining serum pharmacochemistry, network pharmacology analysis, and experimental validation. Methods An Ultra high performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-Exactive-Orbitrap-MS) method was constructed to identify compounds in rat serum after oral administration of ZGJTSXF. A component-target network between the targets of ZGJTSXF ingredients and DCM was established using Cytoscape. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses were performed to deduce ZGJTSXF-associated targets and pathways. The DCM model mice were treated with ZGJTSXF, and the predicted important signaling pathways were verified using quantitative PCR and Western blot. Results We identified 78 compounds in serum of medicated rats, which mainly included flavonoids, small peptides, nucleosides, organic acids, phenylpropanoids, alkaloids, phenanthrenequinones, iridoids, phenols, and saponins. Network pharmacology analysis revealed that ZGJTSXF may regulate targets including ALB, TNF, AKT1, GAPDH, VEGFA, EGFR, SRC, CASP3, MAPK3, JUN, and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in the treatment of DCM. ZGJTSXF administration improved blood sugar levels, heart function, and cardiac morphological changes in DCM mice. Notably, ZGJTSXF inhibited cardiomyocytes apoptosis, which was associated with restored PI3K/Akt signaling and upregulated Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL proteins expression. Conclusion Our preliminary results proposed the material basis and possible mechanisms of ZGJTSXF in treating DCM, which is related to the activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and apoptosis inhibition. These findings shed new light in developing ZGJTSXF-based therapeutics in treating DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalan Huang
- Graduate School, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, People’s Republic of China,The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yanling Zhang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, People’s Republic of China,General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia, 750003, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongjun Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qin Xiang
- Science and Technology Department, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, People’s Republic of China,Qin Xiang, Science and Technology Department, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, People’s Republic of China, Email
| | - Rong Yu
- Graduate School, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Rong Yu, Graduate School, Hunan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, 410208, People’s Republic of China, Email
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15
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Musolino V, Macrì R, Cardamone A, Serra M, Coppoletta AR, Tucci L, Maiuolo J, Lupia C, Scarano F, Carresi C, Nucera S, Bava I, Marrelli M, Palma E, Gliozzi M, Mollace V. Nocellara Del Belice ( Olea europaea L. Cultivar): Leaf Extract Concentrated in Phenolic Compounds and Its Anti-Inflammatory and Radical Scavenging Activity. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:27. [PMID: 36616158 PMCID: PMC9824270 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Olea europaea L. is a plant belonging to the Oleaceae family, widely grown around the Mediterranean Basin and its leaves are a source of phenolic compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity. Among these, oleuropein and luteolin-7-O-glucoside represent two major polyphenolic compounds in olive-leaf extract. Herein, a polystyrene resin was used to recover the polyphenolic fraction from the acetone-water leaf extract from Nocellara del Belice cultivar, which showed the higher level of analysed bioactive compounds, compared to Carolea cultivar. The antioxidant activity of the extract concentrated in phenolic compounds (OLECp) was evaluated through a classical assay and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) for DPPH and hydroxyl radicals scavenging. Thus, the anti-inflammatory activity and the potential beneficial effects in reducing lipid accumulation in an in vitro model of NAFLD using McA-RH7777 cells exposed to oleic acid (OA) were evaluated. Nile Red and Oil Red O have been used to stain the lipid accumulation, while the inflammatory status was assessed by Cytokines Bioplex Assay. OLECp (TPC: 92.93 ± 9.35 mg GAE/g, TFC: 728.12 ± 16.04 mg RE/g; 1 g of extract contains 315.250 mg of oleuropein and 17.44 mg of luteolin-7-O-glucoside) exerted a good radical scavenging capability (IC50: 2.30 ± 0.18 mg/mL) with a neutralizing power against DPPH and hydroxyl radicals, as confirmed by the decreased signal area of the EPR spectra. Moreover, OLECp at concentration of 25, 50 and 100 μg/mL counteracted the intracellular inflammatory status, as result of decreased intracellular lipid content. Our results highlighted the multiple properties and applications of an O. europaea extract concentrated in polyphenols, and the possibility to formulate novel nutraceuticals with antioxidant properties, destined to ameliorate human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Musolino
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Roberta Macrì
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonio Cardamone
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Serra
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Coppoletta
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Luigi Tucci
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Jessica Maiuolo
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Carmine Lupia
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Federica Scarano
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Cristina Carresi
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Saverio Nucera
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Irene Bava
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Mariangela Marrelli
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Ernesto Palma
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Micaela Gliozzi
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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16
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Maiuolo J, Oppedisano F, Carresi C, Gliozzi M, Musolino V, Macrì R, Scarano F, Coppoletta A, Cardamone A, Bosco F, Mollace R, Muscoli C, Palma E, Mollace V. The Generation of Nitric Oxide from Aldehyde Dehydrogenase-2: The Role of Dietary Nitrates and Their Implication in Cardiovascular Disease Management. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415454. [PMID: 36555095 PMCID: PMC9779284 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduced bioavailability of the nitric oxide (NO) signaling molecule has been associated with the onset of cardiovascular disease. One of the better-known and effective therapies for cardiovascular disorders is the use of organic nitrates, such as glyceryl trinitrate (GTN), which increases the concentration of NO. Unfortunately, chronic use of this therapy can induce a phenomenon known as "nitrate tolerance", which is defined as the loss of hemodynamic effects and a reduction in therapeutic effects. As such, a higher dosage of GTN is required in order to achieve the same vasodilatory and antiplatelet effects. Mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) is a cardioprotective enzyme that catalyzes the bio-activation of GTN to NO. Nitrate tolerance is accompanied by an increase in oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and sympathetic activation, as well as a loss of the catalytic activity of ALDH2 itself. On the basis of current knowledge, nitrate intake in the diet would guarantee a concentration of NO such as to avoid (or at least reduce) treatment with GTN and the consequent onset of nitrate tolerance in the course of cardiovascular diseases, so as not to make necessary the increase in GTN concentrations and the possible inhibition/alteration of ALDH2, which aggravates the problem of a positive feedback mechanism. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to summarize data relating to the introduction into the diet of some natural products that could assist pharmacological therapy in order to provide the NO necessary to reduce the intake of GTN and the phenomenon of nitrate tolerance and to ensure the correct catalytic activity of ALDH2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Maiuolo
- Pharmaceutical Biology Laboratory, in Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Correspondence: (J.M.); (F.O.)
| | - Francesca Oppedisano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Correspondence: (J.M.); (F.O.)
| | - Cristina Carresi
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Micaela Gliozzi
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Musolino
- Pharmaceutical Biology Laboratory, in Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Roberta Macrì
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Federica Scarano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Annarita Coppoletta
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonio Cardamone
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Bosco
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rocco Mollace
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Carolina Muscoli
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ernesto Palma
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Renato Dulbecco Institute, Lamezia Terme, 88046 Catanzaro, Italy
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17
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Siqueira JS, Vieira TA, Nakandakare-Maia ET, Palacio TLN, Sarzi F, Garcia JL, de Paula BH, Bazan SGZ, Baron G, Tucci L, Janda E, Altomare A, Gado F, Ferron AJT, Aldini G, Francisqueti-Ferron FV, Correa CR. Bergamot leaf extract treats cardiorenal metabolic syndrome and associated pathophysiological factors in rats fed with a high sugar fat diet. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2022; 556:111721. [PMID: 35917880 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2022.111721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Bergamot citrus (Citrus bergamia Risso et Poiteau), have been used as a strategy to prevent or treat comorbidities associated with metabolic syndrome parameters, such as cardiorenal metabolic syndrome (CRMS). The aim was to test the effect of bergamot leaf extract on CRMS and associated pathophysiological factors in rats fed with a high sugar-fat diet. Animals were divided into two experimental groups with control diet (Control, n = 30) and high sugar-fat diet (HSF, n = 30) for 20 weeks. Once CRMS was detected, animals were redivided to begin the treatment with Bergamot Leaf Extract (BLE) by gavage (50 mg/kg) for 10 weeks: control diet + placebo (Control, n = 09), control diet + BLE (Control + BLE, n = 09), HSF diet + placebo (HSF, n = 09), HSF + BLE (n = 09). Evaluation included nutritional, metabolic and hormonal analysis; and renal and cardiac parameters. HSF groups presented obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance. BLE showed protection against effects on hypertriglyceridemia, insulin resistance, renal damage, and structural and functional alterations of the heart. Conclusion: Bergamot leaf extract shows potential as a therapeutic to treat CRMS in animals fed with a high sugar-fat diet.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Felipe Sarzi
- Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Medical School, Botucatu, 18618687, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Giovanna Baron
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Elzbieta Janda
- Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia"of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Alessandra Altomare
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Gado
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Artur Junio Togneri Ferron
- Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Medical School, Botucatu, 18618687, Brazil; Integrated Colleges of Bauru (FIB), 17056-100, Brazil
| | - Giancarlo Aldini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133, Milan, Italy
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18
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Hu Y, Chen X, Hu M, Zhang D, Yuan S, Li P, Feng L. Medicinal and edible plants in the treatment of dyslipidemia: advances and prospects. Chin Med 2022; 17:113. [PMID: 36175900 PMCID: PMC9522446 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-022-00666-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Dyslipidemia is an independent risk factor of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), which lead to the high mortality, disability, and medical expenses in the worldwide. Based on the previous researches, the improvement of dyslipidemia could efficiently prevent the occurrence and progress of cardiovascular diseases. Medicinal and edible plants (MEPs) are the characteristics of Chinese medicine, and could be employed for the disease treatment and health care mostly due to their homology of medicine and food. Compared to the lipid-lowering drugs with many adverse effects, such as rhabdomyolysis and impaired liver function, MEPs exhibit the great potential in the treatment of dyslipidemia with high efficiency, good tolerance and commercial value. In this review, we would like to introduce 20 kinds of MEPs with lipid-lowering effect in the following aspects, including the source, function, active component, target and underlying mechanism, which may provide inspiration for the development of new prescription, functional food and complementary therapy for dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Hu
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, 100053, China.,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Xingjuan Chen
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Mu Hu
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, 100053, China.,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Dongwei Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450000, China
| | - Shuo Yuan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Children's Genetics and Metabolic Diseases, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Henan Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou Children's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450018, China.
| | - Ping Li
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China. .,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Ling Feng
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Guang'anmen Hospital, Beijing, 100053, China. .,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
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19
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Gliozzi M, Macrì R, Coppoletta AR, Musolino V, Carresi C, Scicchitano M, Bosco F, Guarnieri L, Cardamone A, Ruga S, Scarano F, Nucera S, Mollace R, Bava I, Caminiti R, Serra M, Maiuolo J, Palma E, Mollace V. From Diabetes Care to Heart Failure Management: A Potential Therapeutic Approach Combining SGLT2 Inhibitors and Plant Extracts. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183737. [PMID: 36145112 PMCID: PMC9504067 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a complex chronic disease, and among the affected patients, cardiovascular disease (CVD)is the most common cause of death. Consequently, the evidence for the cardiovascular benefit of glycaemic control may reduce long-term CVD rates. Over the years, multiple pharmacological approaches aimed at controlling blood glucose levels were unable to significantly reduce diabetes-related cardiovascular events. In this view, a therapeutic strategy combining SGLT2 inhibitors and plant extracts might represent a promising solution. Indeed, countering the main cardiometabolic risk factor using plant extracts could potentiate the cardioprotective action of SGLT2 inhibitors. This review highlights the main molecular mechanisms underlying these beneficial effects that could contribute to the better management of diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela Gliozzi
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Roberta Macrì
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Coppoletta
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Musolino
- Pharmaceutical Biology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Correspondence: (V.M.); (C.C.); Tel./Fax: +39-0961-3694301 (V.M. & C.C.)
| | - Cristina Carresi
- Veterinary Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Correspondence: (V.M.); (C.C.); Tel./Fax: +39-0961-3694301 (V.M. & C.C.)
| | - Miriam Scicchitano
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Bosco
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Lorenza Guarnieri
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonio Cardamone
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Stefano Ruga
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Federica Scarano
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Saverio Nucera
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rocco Mollace
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Irene Bava
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rosamaria Caminiti
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Serra
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Jessica Maiuolo
- Pharmaceutical Biology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ernesto Palma
- Veterinary Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Renato Dulbecco Institute, Lamezia Terme, 88046 Catanzaro, Italy
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20
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Amante C, Esposito T, Luccheo G, Luccheo L, Russo P, Del Gaudio P. Recapsoma®: A Novel Mixture Based on Bergamot, Ipomoea Batatas, Policosanol Extracts and Liposomal Berberine for the Treatment of Hypercholesterolemia. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12081162. [PMID: 36013341 PMCID: PMC9409730 DOI: 10.3390/life12081162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is considered one of the major causes of mortality worldwide. Epidemiological studies have shown that regular consumption of phenols is inversely associated with cardiovascular disease, and the use of nutraceuticals and functional foods can provide protective, preventive, and possibly curative effects in CVD. A novel mixture of different natural substances named Recapsoma® (bergamot, liposomal berberine, Ipomoea batatas, oleuropein, polycosanols, and vitamin E) has been produced, and its anti-dyslipidaemic efficacy has been tested, specifically studying the in vitro effects on the mechanisms of action underlying cholesterol synthesis, triglycerides, and LDL-cholesterol oxidation. The work has demonstrated the ability of this herbal extract mixture to inhibit the action of PCSK, ACAT, PAP, and HMGR and to increase the LDL receptor (LDLR), underlying the synergistic effect of the mixture over the single components. Such results suggest that the Recapsoma® mixture could be used as a tool for controlling hypercholesterolemia, and an alternative to statins, especially for those patients with metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Amante
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (C.A.); (T.E.); (P.R.)
| | - Tiziana Esposito
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (C.A.); (T.E.); (P.R.)
| | - Gianni Luccheo
- Laboratori Nutriphyt s.r.l., via Rosario Livatino, 84083 Castel San Giorgio, Italy; (G.L.); (L.L.)
| | - Luigi Luccheo
- Laboratori Nutriphyt s.r.l., via Rosario Livatino, 84083 Castel San Giorgio, Italy; (G.L.); (L.L.)
| | - Paola Russo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (C.A.); (T.E.); (P.R.)
| | - Pasquale Del Gaudio
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, 84084 Fisciano, Italy; (C.A.); (T.E.); (P.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-089969247; Fax: +39-089969602
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Yong Z, Zibao H, Zhi Z, Ning M, Ruiqi W, Mimi C, Xiaowen H, Lin D, Zhixuan X, Qiang L, Weiying L, Xiaopo Z. Nootkatone, a Sesquiterpene Ketone From Alpiniae oxyphyllae Fructus, Ameliorates Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver by Regulating AMPK and MAPK Signaling. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:909280. [PMID: 35865940 PMCID: PMC9294377 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.909280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is becoming more common due to lifestyle changes. A long-term high-fat and high-glucose diet induces glycolipid metabolism disorders in the liver, which results in the development of MAFLD. To date, there is no specific clinically useful therapeutics for this disease. Natural products or synthetic compounds were screened and investigated to find effective agents for treating MAFLD. In this study, nootkatone (Nok), a natural sesquiterpene ketone isolated from Alpiniae oxyphyllae fructus, was explored for its potential to treat MAFLD, and underlying mechanisms were studied. Our results show that Nok dramatically ameliorated the disordered lipid and glucose metabolism in MAFLD mice, decreased fat accumulation in hepatic tissue, and improved liver injury. Inflammation, metabolic disorder, and oxidative stress were ameliorated in liver tissue based on RNA-seq transcriptome comparison between a Nok-treated group and an MAFLD model group. Furthermore, Nok significantly activated AMPK activity and inhibited MAPK activity, especially the p38 and JNK signaling pathways, in vivo based on western blot analysis. The pharmaceutical effects and potential signaling pathways impacted by Nok were also investigated in L02 cells. Nok significantly promoted the consumption of glucose and decreased the deposition of triglycerides in vitro. The p-AMPKα level was notably upregulated by Nok, indicating dramatic AMPK activation. In addition, Nok decreased the levels of p-ERK1/2, p-p38, and p-JNK. Nok also inhibited the activation of MAPK signaling and, thus, alleviated MAFLD development. Our results suggest that Nok may be useful in treating MAFLD. Nok may ameliorate MAFLD by regulating glycolipid metabolism disorders by activating AMPK and inhibiting MAPK activity. Collectively, this study suggests that Nok is an effective compound for the treatment of MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Yong
- Department of Pharmacology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Huang Zibao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Hainan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Zhou Zhi
- Reproductive Medical Center, Hainan Women and Children’s Medical Center, Haikou, China
| | - Ma Ning
- Reproductive Medical Center, Hainan Women and Children’s Medical Center, Haikou, China
| | - Wang Ruiqi
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Hainan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Chen Mimi
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Hainan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - He Xiaowen
- Public Research Laboratory, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Dong Lin
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Hainan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Xia Zhixuan
- Department of Pharmacology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Liu Qiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Lu Weiying
- Reproductive Medical Center, Hainan Women and Children’s Medical Center, Haikou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhang Xiaopo, ; Lu Weiying,
| | - Zhang Xiaopo
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of the Ministry of Education, Hainan Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Tropical Herbs, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhang Xiaopo, ; Lu Weiying,
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22
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The role and mechanism of tetramethylpyrazine for atherosclerosis in animal models: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0267968. [PMID: 35500001 PMCID: PMC9060352 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Atherosclerosis(AS) is widely recognized as a risk factor for incident cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) is the active ingredient of Ligusticum wallichii that possesses a variety of biological activities against atherosclerosis. Objective This systematic review and meta-analysis sought to study the impact of and mechanism of tetramethylpyrazine for atherosclerosis in animal models. Methods A systematic search was conducted of PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science database, Chinese Biomedical (CBM) database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), WanFang data, and Vip Journal Integration Platform, covering the period from the respective start date of each database to December 2021. We used SYRCLE’s 10-item checklist and Rev-Man 5.3 software to analyze the data and the risk of bias. Results Twelve studies, including 258 animals, met the inclusion criteria. Compared with the control group, TMP significantly reduced aortic atherosclerotic lesion area, and induced significant decreases in levels of TC (SMD = ‐2.67, 95% CI -3.68 to -1.67, P < 0.00001), TG (SMD = ‐2.43, 95% CI -3.39 to -1.47, P < 0.00001), and LDL-C (SMD = ‐2.87, 95% CI -4.16 to -1.58, P < 0.00001), as well as increasing HDL-C (SMD = 2.04, 95% CI 1.05 to 3.03, P = 0.001). TMP also significantly modulated plasma inflammatory responses and biological signals associated with atherosclerosis. In subgroup analysis, the groups of high-dose TMP (≥50 mg/kg) showed better results than those of the control group. No difference between various durations of treatment groups or various assessing location groups. Conclusion TMP exerts anti-atherosclerosis functions in an animal model of AS mediated by anti-inflammatory action, antioxidant action, ameliorating lipid metabolism disorder, protection of endothelial function, antiplatelet activity, reducing the proliferation and migration of smooth muscle cells, inhibition of angiogenesis, antiplatelet aggregation. Due to the limitations of the quantity and quality of current studies, the above conclusions need to be verified by more high-quality studies. Trial registration number PROSPERO registration no.CRD42021288874.
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Arnaboldi L, Corsini A, Bellosta S. Artichoke and bergamot extracts: a new opportunity for the management of dyslipidemia and related risk factors. Minerva Med 2022; 113:141-157. [PMID: 35313442 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4806.21.07950-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between low LDL-C (cholesterol associated with low-density lipoprotein) and a lower relative risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been widely demonstrated. Although from a pharmacological point of view, statins, ezetimibe and PCSK inhibitors, alone or in combination are the front and center of the therapeutic approaches for reducing LDL-C and its CV consequences, in recent years nutraceuticals and functional foods have increasingly been considered as a valid support in the reduction of LDL-C, especially in patients with mild/moderate hyperlipidemia - therefore not requiring pharmacological treatment - or in patients intolerant to statins or other drugs. An approach also shared by the European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS). Of the various active ingredients with hypolipidemic properties, we include the artichoke (Cynara cardunculus, Cynara scolymus) and the bergamot (Citrus bergamia) which, thanks essentially to the significant presence of polyphenols in their extracts, can exert this action associated with a number of other complementary inflammation and oxidation benefits. In light of these evidence, this review aimed to describe the effects of artichoke and bergamot in modifying the lipid and inflammatory parameters described in in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies. The available data support the use of standardized compositions of artichoke and bergamot extracts, alone or in combination, in the treatment of mild to moderate dyslipidemia, in patients suffering from metabolic syndrome, hepatic steatosis, or intolerant to common hypolipidemic treatments.
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Quirino A, Giorgi V, Palma E, Marascio N, Morelli P, Maletta A, Divenuto F, De Angelis G, Tancrè V, Nucera S, Gliozzi M, Musolino V, Carresi C, Mollace V, Liberto MC, Matera G. Citrus bergamia: Kinetics of Antimicrobial Activity on Clinical Isolates. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11030361. [PMID: 35326824 PMCID: PMC8944555 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11030361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The inappropriate use of antibiotics has increased selective pressure and the spread of multi-drug-resistant (MDR) pathogens, which reduces the possibility of effective treatment. A potential alternative therapeutic approach may be represented by essential oils, such as the distilled extract of bergamot (Citrus bergamia Risso et Poiteau). Such natural products exercise numerous biological activities, including antimicrobial effects. Methods: This work aimed to evaluate the kinetics of the bactericidal and fungicidal activity of the distilled extract of bergamot on MDR bacteria and fungi from clinical specimens using the time-kill assay. Furthermore, the antimicrobial activity of the distilled extract of bergamot on the morphology and cellular organization of clinical pathogens was evaluated by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Results: Our results demonstrated that the distilled extract of bergamot exhibited significant antimicrobial activity and a specific bactericidal effect against the bacterial and fungal strains tested. Furthermore, confocal microscope images clearly showed compromised membrane integrity, damage and cell death in bacterial samples treated with the distilled extract of bergamot. In addition, progressive alterations in cell-wall composition, cytoplasmic material and nucleus structure triggered by exposure to the distilled extract of bergamot were identified in the fungal samples considered. Conclusions: Our data suggest that the use of essential oils, such as distilled extract of bergamot (Citrus bergamia Risso et Poiteau), can represent a valid alternative therapeutic strategy to counteract antibiotic resistance of pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Quirino
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Clinical Microbiology, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (A.Q.); (V.G.); (N.M.); (P.M.); (A.M.); (F.D.); (G.D.A.); (V.T.); (M.C.L.); (G.M.)
| | - Valeria Giorgi
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Clinical Microbiology, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (A.Q.); (V.G.); (N.M.); (P.M.); (A.M.); (F.D.); (G.D.A.); (V.T.); (M.C.L.); (G.M.)
| | - Ernesto Palma
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (E.P.); (S.N.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Nadia Marascio
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Clinical Microbiology, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (A.Q.); (V.G.); (N.M.); (P.M.); (A.M.); (F.D.); (G.D.A.); (V.T.); (M.C.L.); (G.M.)
| | - Paola Morelli
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Clinical Microbiology, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (A.Q.); (V.G.); (N.M.); (P.M.); (A.M.); (F.D.); (G.D.A.); (V.T.); (M.C.L.); (G.M.)
| | - Angelo Maletta
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Clinical Microbiology, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (A.Q.); (V.G.); (N.M.); (P.M.); (A.M.); (F.D.); (G.D.A.); (V.T.); (M.C.L.); (G.M.)
| | - Francesca Divenuto
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Clinical Microbiology, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (A.Q.); (V.G.); (N.M.); (P.M.); (A.M.); (F.D.); (G.D.A.); (V.T.); (M.C.L.); (G.M.)
| | - Giuseppe De Angelis
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Clinical Microbiology, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (A.Q.); (V.G.); (N.M.); (P.M.); (A.M.); (F.D.); (G.D.A.); (V.T.); (M.C.L.); (G.M.)
| | - Valentina Tancrè
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Clinical Microbiology, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (A.Q.); (V.G.); (N.M.); (P.M.); (A.M.); (F.D.); (G.D.A.); (V.T.); (M.C.L.); (G.M.)
| | - Saverio Nucera
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (E.P.); (S.N.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Micaela Gliozzi
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (E.P.); (S.N.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Vincenzo Musolino
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (E.P.); (S.N.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Cristina Carresi
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (E.P.); (S.N.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (V.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (E.P.); (S.N.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Maria Carla Liberto
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Clinical Microbiology, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (A.Q.); (V.G.); (N.M.); (P.M.); (A.M.); (F.D.); (G.D.A.); (V.T.); (M.C.L.); (G.M.)
| | - Giovanni Matera
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Clinical Microbiology, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (A.Q.); (V.G.); (N.M.); (P.M.); (A.M.); (F.D.); (G.D.A.); (V.T.); (M.C.L.); (G.M.)
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Nucera S, Ruga S, Cardamone A, Coppoletta AR, Guarnieri L, Zito MC, Bosco F, Macrì R, Scarano F, Scicchitano M, Maiuolo J, Carresi C, Mollace R, Cariati L, Mazzarella G, Palma E, Gliozzi M, Musolino V, Cascini GL, Mollace V. MAFLD progression contributes to altered thalamus metabolism and brain structure. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1207. [PMID: 35075185 PMCID: PMC8786899 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05228-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), commonly known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, represents a continuum of events characterized by excessive hepatic fat accumulation which can progress to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis, and in some severe cases hepatocellular carcinoma. MAFLD might be considered as a multisystem disease that affects not only the liver but involves wider implications, relating to several organs and systems, the brain included. The present study aims to investigate changes associated with MAFLD-induced alteration of thalamic metabolism in vivo. DIAMOND (Diet-induced animal model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease) mice were fed a chow diet and tap water (NC NW) or fat Western Diet (WD SW) for up to 28 weeks. At the baseline and weeks 4, 8, 20, 28 the thalamic neurochemical profile and total cerebral brain volume were evaluated longitudinally in both diet groups using 1H-MRS. To confirm the disease progression, at each time point, a subgroup of animals was sacrificed, the livers excised and placed in formalin. Liver histology was assessed and reviewed by an expert liver pathologist. MAFLD development significantly increases the thalamic levels of total N-acetylaspartate, total creatine, total choline, and taurine. Furthermore, in the WD SW group a reduction in total cerebral brain volume has been observed (p < 0.05 vs NC NW). Our results suggest that thalamic energy metabolism is affected by MAFLD progression. This metabolic imbalance, that is quantifiable by 1H-MRS in vivo, might cause structural damage to brain cells and dysfunctions of neurotransmitter release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saverio Nucera
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Stefano Ruga
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonio Cardamone
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Coppoletta
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Lorenza Guarnieri
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Caterina Zito
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Bosco
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Roberta Macrì
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Federica Scarano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Miriam Scicchitano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Jessica Maiuolo
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Cristina Carresi
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rocco Mollace
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Luca Cariati
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mazzarella
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ernesto Palma
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Micaela Gliozzi
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Musolino
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lucio Cascini
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health IRC-FSH, Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
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Comparative Effect of Bergamot Polyphenolic Fraction and Red Yeast Rice Extract in Rats Fed a Hyperlipidemic Diet: Role of Antioxidant Properties and PCSK9 Expression. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030477. [PMID: 35276836 PMCID: PMC8840352 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Elevated serum cholesterol levels, either associated or not with increased triglycerides, represent a risk of developing vascular injury, mostly leading to atherothrombosis-related diseases including myocardial infarction and stroke. Natural products have been investigated in the last few decades as they are seen to offer an alternative solution to counteract cardiometabolic risk, due to the occurrence of side effects with the use of statins, the leading drugs for treating hyperlipidemias. Red yeast rice (RYR), a monacolin K-rich natural extract, has been found to be effective in counteracting high cholesterol, being its use accompanied by consistent warnings by regulatory authorities based on the potential detrimental responses accompanying its statin-like chemical charcateristics. Here we compared the effects of RYR with those produced by bergamot polyphenolic fraction (BPF), a well-known natural extract proven to be effective in lowering both serum cholesterol and triglycerides in animals fed a hyperlipidemic diet. In particular, BPF at doses of 10 mg/Kg given orally for 30 consecutive days, counteracted the elevation of both serum LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglycerides induced by the hyperlipidemic diet, an effect which was accompanied by significant reductions of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase serum levels, two biomarkers of oxidative stress. Furthermore, the activity of BPF was associated to increased HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and to strong reduction of Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) levels which were found increased in hyperlipidemic rats. In contrast, RYR at doses of 1 and 3 mg/Kg, produced only significant reduction of LDL-C with very poor effects on triglycerides, HDL-C, glutathione peroxidase, MDA and PCSK9 expression. This indicates that while BPF and RYR both produce serum cholesterol-lowering benefits, BPF produces additional effects on triglycerides and HDL cholesterol compared to RYR at the doses used throughout the study. These additional effects of BPF appear to be related to the reduction of PCSK9 expression and to the antioxidant properties of this extract compared to RYR, thereby suggesting a more complete protection from cardiometabolic risk.
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27
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Pahk K, Lee SG, Joung C, Kim EO, Kwon HW, Kim DH, Hwang JI, Kim S, Kim WK. SP-1154, a novel synthetic TGF-β inhibitor, alleviates obesity and hepatic steatosis in high-fat diet-induced mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 145:112441. [PMID: 34813997 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity-induced inflamed visceral adipose tissue (VAT) secretes pro-inflammatory cytokines thereby promoting systemic inflammation and insulin resistance which further exacerbate obesity-associated nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β /Smad3 signaling plays a crucial role in the inflammatory events within the VAT. Here, we investigate whether SP-1154, a novel synthetic verbenone derivative, can inhibit TGF-β/Smad3 signaling thereby exhibiting a therapeutic effect against obesity-induced inflamed VAT and subsequent NAFLD in high-fat diet-induced mice. METHODS NAFLD was induced by a high-fat diet (60% fat) for 20 weeks using the male C57BL/6 mice. SP-1154 (50 mg/kg) was orally given daily for 20 weeks. In vivo VAT- and systemic inflammation were measured by using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography and C-reactive protein levels. Both insulin tolerance- and glucose tolerance test were performed to assess the status of insulin resistance and glucose intolerance. Histological and molecular analyses were performed on harvested liver and VAT. KEY FINDINGS SP-1154 inhibited TGF-β/Smad3 signaling pathway and remarkably suppressed high-fat diet-induced VAT inflammation and its related systemic inflammation. Furthermore, SP-1154 significantly improved insulin sensitivity with glucose homeostasis and reduced hepatic steatosis. SP-1154 significantly improves VAT inflammation and obesity-related NAFLD. CONCLUSION Our novel findings support the potential use of SP-1154 as a therapeutic drug for obesity and its related NAFLD by targeting the inflamed VAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kisoo Pahk
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sang Gil Lee
- Institute for Inflammation Control, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea; College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chanmin Joung
- Institute for Inflammation Control, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun-Ok Kim
- Medcial Science Research Center, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Woo Kwon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dong Hwi Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong-Ik Hwang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sungeun Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Won-Ki Kim
- Institute for Inflammation Control, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea.
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28
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Scicchitano M, Carresi C, Nucera S, Ruga S, Maiuolo J, Macrì R, Scarano F, Bosco F, Mollace R, Cardamone A, Coppoletta AR, Guarnieri L, Zito MC, Bava I, Cariati L, Greco M, Foti DP, Palma E, Gliozzi M, Musolino V, Mollace V. Icariin Protects H9c2 Rat Cardiomyoblasts from Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity: Role of Caveolin-1 Upregulation and Enhanced Autophagic Response. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13114070. [PMID: 34836326 PMCID: PMC8623794 DOI: 10.3390/nu13114070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin (Doxo) is a widely used antineoplastic drug which often induces cardiomyopathy, leading to congestive heart failure through the intramyocardial production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Icariin (Ica) is a flavonoid isolated from Epimedii Herba (Berberidaceae). Some reports on the pharmacological activity of Ica explained its antioxidant and cardioprotective effects. The aim of our study was to assess the protective activities of Ica against Doxo-detrimental effects on rat heart-tissue derived embryonic cardiac myoblasts (H9c2 cells) and to identify, at least in part, the molecular mechanisms involved. Our results showed that pretreatment of H9c2 cells with 1 μM and 5 μM of Ica, prior to Doxo exposure, resulted in an improvement in cell viability, a reduction in ROS generation, the prevention of mitochondrial dysfunction and mPTP opening. Furthermore, for the first time, we identified one feasible molecular mechanism through which Ica could exerts its cardioprotective effects. Indeed, our data showed a significant reduction in Caveolin-1(Cav-1) expression levels and a specific inhibitory effect on phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5a) activity, improving mitochondrial function compared to Doxo-treated cells. Besides, Ica significantly prevented apoptotic cell death and downregulated the main pro-autophagic marker Beclin-1 and LC3 lipidation rate, restoring physiological levels of activation of the protective autophagic process. These results suggest that Ica might have beneficial cardioprotective effects in attenuating cardiotoxicity in patients requiring anthracycline chemotherapy through the inhibition of oxidative stress and, in particular, through the modulation of Cav-1 expression levels and the involvement of PDE5a activity, thereby leading to cardiac cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Scicchitano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.S.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (J.M.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (M.C.Z.); (I.B.); (L.C.); (E.P.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Cristina Carresi
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.S.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (J.M.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (M.C.Z.); (I.B.); (L.C.); (E.P.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (V.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Saverio Nucera
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.S.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (J.M.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (M.C.Z.); (I.B.); (L.C.); (E.P.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Stefano Ruga
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.S.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (J.M.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (M.C.Z.); (I.B.); (L.C.); (E.P.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Jessica Maiuolo
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.S.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (J.M.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (M.C.Z.); (I.B.); (L.C.); (E.P.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Roberta Macrì
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.S.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (J.M.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (M.C.Z.); (I.B.); (L.C.); (E.P.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Federica Scarano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.S.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (J.M.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (M.C.Z.); (I.B.); (L.C.); (E.P.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Francesca Bosco
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.S.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (J.M.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (M.C.Z.); (I.B.); (L.C.); (E.P.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Rocco Mollace
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.S.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (J.M.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (M.C.Z.); (I.B.); (L.C.); (E.P.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Antonio Cardamone
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.S.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (J.M.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (M.C.Z.); (I.B.); (L.C.); (E.P.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Anna Rita Coppoletta
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.S.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (J.M.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (M.C.Z.); (I.B.); (L.C.); (E.P.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Lorenza Guarnieri
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.S.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (J.M.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (M.C.Z.); (I.B.); (L.C.); (E.P.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Maria Caterina Zito
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.S.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (J.M.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (M.C.Z.); (I.B.); (L.C.); (E.P.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Irene Bava
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.S.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (J.M.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (M.C.Z.); (I.B.); (L.C.); (E.P.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Luca Cariati
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.S.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (J.M.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (M.C.Z.); (I.B.); (L.C.); (E.P.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Marta Greco
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Daniela Patrizia Foti
- Department of Experimental, Clinical Medicine University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Ernesto Palma
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.S.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (J.M.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (M.C.Z.); (I.B.); (L.C.); (E.P.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (V.M.)
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, 88163 Roma, Italy
| | - Micaela Gliozzi
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.S.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (J.M.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (M.C.Z.); (I.B.); (L.C.); (E.P.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Vincenzo Musolino
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.S.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (J.M.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (M.C.Z.); (I.B.); (L.C.); (E.P.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (M.S.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (J.M.); (R.M.); (F.S.); (F.B.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (M.C.Z.); (I.B.); (L.C.); (E.P.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (V.M.)
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, 88163 Roma, Italy
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29
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Sun P, Zhao L, Zhang N, Zhou J, Zhang L, Wu W, Ji B, Zhou F. Bioactivity of Dietary Polyphenols: The Role in LDL-C Lowering. Foods 2021; 10:foods10112666. [PMID: 34828946 PMCID: PMC8617782 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading causes of the death around the world. An elevation of the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level is one of the most important risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. To achieve optimal plasma LDL-C levels, clinal therapies were investigated which targeted different metabolism pathways. However, some therapies also caused various adverse effects. Thus, there is a need for new treatment options and/or combination therapies to inhibit the LDL-C level. Dietary polyphenols have received much attention in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases due to their potential LDL-C lowering effects. However, the effectiveness and potential mechanisms of polyphenols in lowering LDL-C is not comprehensively summarized. This review focused on dietary polyphenols that could reduce LDL-C and their mechanisms of action. This review also discussed the limitations and suggestions regarding previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (P.S.); (N.Z.); (J.Z.); (L.Z.); (B.J.)
| | - Liang Zhao
- Beijing Advance Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China;
| | - Nanhai Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (P.S.); (N.Z.); (J.Z.); (L.Z.); (B.J.)
| | - Jingxuan Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (P.S.); (N.Z.); (J.Z.); (L.Z.); (B.J.)
| | - Liebing Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (P.S.); (N.Z.); (J.Z.); (L.Z.); (B.J.)
| | - Wei Wu
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China;
| | - Baoping Ji
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (P.S.); (N.Z.); (J.Z.); (L.Z.); (B.J.)
| | - Feng Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Functional Food from Plant Resources, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (P.S.); (N.Z.); (J.Z.); (L.Z.); (B.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-6273-7129
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30
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Castagna F, Piras C, Palma E, Musolino V, Lupia C, Bosco A, Rinaldi L, Cringoli G, Musella V, Britti D. Green Veterinary Pharmacology Applied to Parasite Control: Evaluation of Punica granatum, Artemisia campestris, Salix caprea Aqueous Macerates against Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Sheep. Vet Sci 2021; 8:vetsci8100237. [PMID: 34679067 PMCID: PMC8539373 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci8100237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to anthelmintic drugs in gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) of sheep is of high concern for livestock production worldwide. In Calabria (southern Italy), many plants have been used in ethnoveterinary medicine for parasite control in small ruminants. Here, we present an in vivo evaluation of anthelmintic efficacy of three plant extracts. The first was based on bark and leaves of Salix caprea, the second and the third were based on the whole plant Artemisia campestris and whole fruit (seeds and peel) of Punica granatum, respectively. Anthelmintic efficacy was evaluated according to the fecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) performed with the FLOTAC technique. The results showed a significant anthelmintic effect of Punica granatum macerate (50%), a low effectiveness of the Artemisia campestris macerate (20%), and a complete ineffectiveness of Salix caprea macerate (0.1%). With these outcomes, we report a P. granatum-based remedy reducing 50% GIN egg output. This result was obtained without using any synthetic drug, paving the way for the employment of green veterinary pharmacology (GVP) as a complementary and sustainable method to reduce the use of chemicals and to counteract anthelmintic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Castagna
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, CISVetSUA, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.P.); (E.P.); (C.L.); (V.M.); (D.B.)
- Correspondence: (F.C.); (V.M.)
| | - Cristian Piras
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, CISVetSUA, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.P.); (E.P.); (C.L.); (V.M.); (D.B.)
| | - Ernesto Palma
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, CISVetSUA, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.P.); (E.P.); (C.L.); (V.M.); (D.B.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l. Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FISH), University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Musolino
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, CISVetSUA, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.P.); (E.P.); (C.L.); (V.M.); (D.B.)
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FISH), University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.C.); (V.M.)
| | - Carmine Lupia
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, CISVetSUA, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.P.); (E.P.); (C.L.); (V.M.); (D.B.)
- Mediterranean Etnobotanical Conservatory, Sersale (CZ), 88054 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonio Bosco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, CREMOPAR Regione Campania, 80137 Naples, Italy; (A.B.); (L.R.); (G.C.)
| | - Laura Rinaldi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, CREMOPAR Regione Campania, 80137 Naples, Italy; (A.B.); (L.R.); (G.C.)
| | - Giuseppe Cringoli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Naples Federico II, CREMOPAR Regione Campania, 80137 Naples, Italy; (A.B.); (L.R.); (G.C.)
| | - Vincenzo Musella
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, CISVetSUA, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.P.); (E.P.); (C.L.); (V.M.); (D.B.)
| | - Domenico Britti
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Græcia, CISVetSUA, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (C.P.); (E.P.); (C.L.); (V.M.); (D.B.)
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31
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Byun KA, Oh S, Son M, Park CH, Son KH, Byun K. Dieckol Decreases Caloric Intake and Attenuates Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Hepatic Lymphatic Vessel Dysfunction in High-Fat-Diet-Fed Mice. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:495. [PMID: 34564157 PMCID: PMC8469311 DOI: 10.3390/md19090495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased inflammation is the main pathophysiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Inflammation affects lymphatic vessel function that contributes to the removal of immune cells or macromolecules. Dysfunctional lymphatic vessels with decreased permeability are present in NAFLD. High-fat diet (HFD) is known to increase body weight, food intake, and inflammation in the liver. Previously, it was reported that Ecklonia cava extracts (ECE) decreased food intake or weight gain, and low-calorie diet and weight loss is known as a treatment for NAFLD. In this study, the effects of ECE and dieckol (DK)-which is one component of ECE that decreases inflammation and increases lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic drainage by controlling lymphatic permeability in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice-on weight gain and food intake were investigated. ECE and DK decreased weight gain and food intake in the HFD-fed mice. NAFLD activities such as steatosis, lobular inflammation, and ballooning were increased by HFD and attenuated by ECE and DK. The expression of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-α and infiltration of M1 macrophages were increased by HFD, and they were decreased by ECE or DK. The signaling pathways of lymphangiogenesis, VEGFR-3, PI3K/pAKT, and pERK were decreased by HFD, and they were restored by either ECE or DK. The expression of VE-cadherin (which represents lymphatic junctional function) was increased by HFD, although it was restored by either ECE or DK. In conclusion, ECE and DK attenuated NAFLD by decreasing weight gain and food intake, decreasing inflammation, and increasing lymphangiogenesis, as well as modulating lymphatic vessel permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-A Byun
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea; (K.-A.B.); (M.S.)
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea;
| | - Seyeon Oh
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea;
| | - Myeongjoo Son
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea; (K.-A.B.); (M.S.)
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea;
| | - Chul-Hyun Park
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea;
| | - Kuk Hui Son
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea;
| | - Kyunghee Byun
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea; (K.-A.B.); (M.S.)
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea;
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32
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Maiuolo J, Carresi C, Gliozzi M, Musolino V, Scarano F, Coppoletta AR, Guarnieri L, Nucera S, Scicchitano M, Bosco F, Ruga S, Zito MC, Macri R, Cardamone A, Serra M, Mollace R, Tavernese A, Mollace V. Effects of Bergamot Polyphenols on Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072476. [PMID: 34371986 PMCID: PMC8308586 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death and disability in the Western world. In order to safeguard the structure and the functionality of the myocardium, it is extremely important to adequately support the cardiomyocytes. Two cellular organelles of cardiomyocytes are essential for cell survival and to ensure proper functioning of the myocardium: mitochondria and the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Mitochondria are responsible for the energy metabolism of the myocardium, and regulate the processes that can lead to cell death. The sarcoplasmic reticulum preserves the physiological concentration of the calcium ion, and triggers processes to protect the structural and functional integrity of the proteins. The alterations of these organelles can damage myocardial functioning. A proper nutritional balance regarding the intake of macronutrients and micronutrients leads to a significant improvement in the symptoms and consequences of heart disease. In particular, the Mediterranean diet, characterized by a high consumption of plant-based foods, small quantities of red meat, and high quantities of olive oil, reduces and improves the pathological condition of patients with heart failure. In addition, nutritional support and nutraceutical supplementation in patients who develop heart failure can contribute to the protection of the failing myocardium. Since polyphenols have numerous beneficial properties, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, this review gathers what is known about the beneficial effects of polyphenol-rich bergamot fruit on the cardiovascular system. In particular, the role of bergamot polyphenols in mitochondrial and sarcoplasmic dysfunctions in diabetic cardiomyopathy is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Maiuolo
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Cristina Carresi
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Micaela Gliozzi
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Musolino
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Federica Scarano
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Coppoletta
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Lorenza Guarnieri
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Saverio Nucera
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Miriam Scicchitano
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Bosco
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Stefano Ruga
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Caterina Zito
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Roberta Macri
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonio Cardamone
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Serra
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rocco Mollace
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (A.T.)
- IRCCS San Raffaele, Via di Valcannuta 247, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Annamaria Tavernese
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- IRC-FSH Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Campus Universitario di Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (J.M.); (C.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (F.S.); (A.R.C.); (L.G.); (S.N.); (M.S.); (F.B.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (A.C.); (M.S.); (R.M.); (A.T.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l, Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88021 Catanzaro, Italy
- IRCCS San Raffaele, Via di Valcannuta 247, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-327-475-8006
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Xu W, Zhu H, Hu B, Cheng Y, Guo Y, Yao W, Qian H. Echinacea in hepatopathy: A review of its phytochemistry, pharmacology, and safety. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 87:153572. [PMID: 34029938 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Echinacea, one of the most popular herbs with double function of immunity and anti-inflammatory activity, has now attracted much interest for a possible alternative for the treatment of hepatopathy. This review is aimed at providing a comprehensive overview of Echinacea regarding its chemical composition, pharmacological action against various hepatopathy, and safety. METHODS A comprehensive search of published articles was conducted to focus on original publications related to Echinacea and hepatopathy till the end of 2020 using various literature databases, including China National Knowledge Infrastructure, PubMed, and Web of Science database. RESULTS Echinacea exhibited excellent activities in resisting a variety of hepatopathy induced by different causes in preclinical experiments and clinical trials by regulating cell proliferation and apoptosis, antioxidant defense mechanism, voltage-gated sodium channels, lipid metabolism, circadian rhythm, p38 MAPK signaling pathway, JNK signaling pathway, Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway, PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, and Akt/GSK3 beta signaling pathways. The high efficacy of Echinacea is related to its immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activities. The main ingredients of Echinacea include caffeic acid derivatives, alkylamides, and polysaccharides, which have been well established in preclinical studies of liver diseases. Studies on acute and subacute toxicity show that Echinacea preparations are well-tolerated herbal medicines. CONCLUSION Echinacea may offer a novel potential strategy for clinical prevention and treatment of liver diseases and related diseases. Extensive studies are necessary to identify the underlying mechanisms and establish future therapeutic potentials of this herb. Well-designed clinical trials are still warranted to confirm the safety and effectiveness of Echinacea for hepatopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Ave, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Hongkang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Ave, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Bin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Ave, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yuliang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Ave, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yahui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Ave, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Weirong Yao
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - He Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800, Lihu Ave, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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The Effects of Bergamot Polyphenolic Fraction, Cynara cardunculus, and Olea europea L. Extract on Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072158. [PMID: 34201904 PMCID: PMC8308299 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Doxorubicin is an anthracycline that is commonly used as a chemotherapy drug due to its cytotoxic effects. The clinical use of doxorubicin is limited due to its known cardiotoxic effects. Treatment with anthracyclines causes heart failure in 15–17% of patients, resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction, the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, intracellular calcium dysregulation, the deterioration of the cardiomyocyte structure, and apoptotic cell death. Polyphenols have a wide range of beneficial properties, and particular importance is given to Bergamot Polyphenolic Fraction; Oleuropein, one of the main polyphenolic compounds of olive oil; and Cynara cardunculus extract. These natural compounds have particular beneficial characteristics, owing to their high polyphenol contents. Among these, their antioxidant and antoproliferative properties are the most important. The aim of this paper was to investigate the effects of these three plant derivatives using an in vitro model of cardiotoxicity induced by the treatment of rat embryonic cardiomyoblasts (H9c2) with doxorubicin. The biological mechanisms involved and the crosstalk existing between the mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum were examined. Bergamot Polyphenolic Fraction, Oleuropein, and Cynara cardunculus extract were able to decrease the damage induced by exposure to doxorubicin. In particular, these natural compounds were found to reduce cell mortality and oxidative damage, increase the lipid content, and decrease the concentration of calcium ions that escaped from the endoplasmic reticulum. In addition, the direct involvement of this cellular organelle was demonstrated by silencing the ATF6 arm of the Unfolded Protein Response, which was activated after treatment with doxorubicin.
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One Week of CDAHFD Induces Steatohepatitis and Mitochondrial Dysfunction with Oxidative Stress in Liver. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115851. [PMID: 34072586 PMCID: PMC8198552 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been rapidly increasing worldwide. A choline-deficient, L-amino acid-defined, high-fat diet (CDAHFD) has been used to create a mouse model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). There are some reports on the effects on mice of being fed a CDAHFD for long periods of 1 to 3 months. However, the effect of this diet over a short period is unknown. Therefore, we examined the effect of 1-week CDAHFD feeding on the mouse liver. Feeding a CDAHFD diet for only 1-week induced lipid droplet deposition in the liver with increasing activity of liver-derived enzymes in the plasma. On the other hand, it did not induce fibrosis or cirrhosis. Additionally, it was demonstrated that CDAHFD significantly impaired mitochondrial respiration with severe oxidative stress to the liver, which is associated with a decreasing mitochondrial DNA copy number and complex proteins. In the gene expression analysis of the liver, inflammatory and oxidative stress markers were significantly increased by CDAHFD. These results demonstrated that 1 week of feeding CDAHFD to mice induces steatohepatitis with mitochondrial dysfunction and severe oxidative stress, without fibrosis, which can partially mimic the early stage of NASH in humans.
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Jubaidi FF, Zainalabidin S, Taib IS, Hamid ZA, Budin SB. The Potential Role of Flavonoids in Ameliorating Diabetic Cardiomyopathy via Alleviation of Cardiac Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Apoptosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105094. [PMID: 34065781 PMCID: PMC8151300 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy is one of the major mortality risk factors among diabetic patients worldwide. It has been established that most of the cardiac structural and functional alterations in the diabetic cardiomyopathy condition resulted from the hyperglycemia-induced persistent oxidative stress in the heart, resulting in the maladaptive responses of inflammation and apoptosis. Flavonoids, the most abundant phytochemical in plants, have been reported to exhibit diverse therapeutic potential in medicine and other biological activities. Flavonoids have been widely studied for their effects in protecting the heart against diabetes-induced cardiomyopathy. The potential of flavonoids in alleviating diabetic cardiomyopathy is mainly related with their remedial actions as anti-hyperglycemic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic agents. In this review, we summarize the latest findings of flavonoid treatments on diabetic cardiomyopathy as well as elucidating the mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatin Farhana Jubaidi
- Center for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (F.F.J.); (I.S.T.); (Z.A.H.)
| | - Satirah Zainalabidin
- Center for Toxicology and Health Risk Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia;
| | - Izatus Shima Taib
- Center for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (F.F.J.); (I.S.T.); (Z.A.H.)
| | - Zariyantey Abd Hamid
- Center for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (F.F.J.); (I.S.T.); (Z.A.H.)
| | - Siti Balkis Budin
- Center for Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Investigative Studies, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (F.F.J.); (I.S.T.); (Z.A.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +603-9289-7645
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Abstract
One third of the western population suffers from nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which may ultimately develop into hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The molecular event(s) that triggers the disease are not clear. Current understanding, known as the multiple hits model, suggests that NAFLD is a result of diverse events at several tissues (e.g., liver, adipose tissues, and intestine) combined with changes in metabolism and microbiome. In contrast to this prevailing concept, we report that fatty liver could be triggered by a single mutated protein expressed only in the liver. We established a transgenic system that allows temporally controlled activation of the MAP kinase p38α in a tissue-specific manner by induced expression of intrinsically active p38α allele. Here we checked the effect of exclusive activation in the liver. Unexpectedly, induction of p38α alone was sufficient to cause macrovesicular fatty liver. Animals did not become overweight, showing that fatty liver can be imposed solely by a genetic modification in liver per se and can be separated from obesity. Active p38α-induced fatty liver is associated with up-regulation of MUC13, CIDEA, PPARγ, ATF3, and c-jun mRNAs, which are up-regulated in human HCC. Shutting off expression of the p38α mutant resulted in reversal of symptoms. The findings suggest that p38α plays a direct causative role in fatty liver diseases and perhaps in other chronic inflammatory diseases. As p38α activity was induced by point mutations, it could be considered a proto-inflammatory gene (proto-inflammagene).
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Gliozzi M, Scarano F, Musolino V, Carresi C, Scarcella A, Nucera S, Scicchitano M, Ruga S, Bosco F, Maiuolo J, Macrì R, Zito MC, Oppedisano F, Guarnieri L, Mollace R, Palma E, Muscoli C, Mollace V. Paradoxical effect of fat diet in matrix metalloproteinases induced mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetic cardiomyopathy. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2021; 22:268-278. [PMID: 33633042 DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0000000000001046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Diabetic cardiomyopathy represents the main cause of death among diabetic people. Despite this evidence, the molecular mechanisms triggered by impaired glucose and lipid metabolism inducing heart damage remain unclear. The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of altered metabolism on the early stages of cardiac injury in experimental diabetes. METHODS For this purpose, rats were fed a normocaloric diet (NPD) or a high fat diet (HFD) for up to 12 weeks. After the fourth week, streptozocin (35 mg/kg) was administered in a subgroup of both NPD and HFD rats to induce diabetes. Cardiac function was analysed by echocardiography. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) activity and intracellular localization were assessed through zymography and immunofluorescence, whereas apoptotic and oxidative markers by immunohistochemistry and western blot. RESULTS Hyperglycaemia or hyperlipidaemia reduced ejection fraction and fractional shortening as compared with control. Unexpectedly, cardiac dysfunction was less marked in diabetic rats fed a hyperlipidaemic diet, suggesting an adaptive response of the myocardium to hyperglycaemia-induced injury. This response was characterized by the inhibition of N-terminal truncated-MMP-2 translocation from endoplasmic reticulum into mitochondria and by superoxide anion overproduction observed in cardiomyocytes under hyperglycaemia. CONCLUSION Overall, these findings suggest novel therapeutic targets aimed to counteract mitochondrial dysfunction in the onset of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela Gliozzi
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), University 'Magna Graecia' of Catanzaro
- Nutramed Scarl, Roccelletta di Borgia, Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Federica Scarano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), University 'Magna Graecia' of Catanzaro
- Nutramed Scarl, Roccelletta di Borgia, Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Musolino
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), University 'Magna Graecia' of Catanzaro
- Nutramed Scarl, Roccelletta di Borgia, Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Cristina Carresi
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), University 'Magna Graecia' of Catanzaro
- Nutramed Scarl, Roccelletta di Borgia, Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonino Scarcella
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), University 'Magna Graecia' of Catanzaro
- Nutramed Scarl, Roccelletta di Borgia, Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Saverio Nucera
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), University 'Magna Graecia' of Catanzaro
- Nutramed Scarl, Roccelletta di Borgia, Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Miriam Scicchitano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), University 'Magna Graecia' of Catanzaro
- Nutramed Scarl, Roccelletta di Borgia, Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Stefano Ruga
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), University 'Magna Graecia' of Catanzaro
- Nutramed Scarl, Roccelletta di Borgia, Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Bosco
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), University 'Magna Graecia' of Catanzaro
- Nutramed Scarl, Roccelletta di Borgia, Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Jessica Maiuolo
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), University 'Magna Graecia' of Catanzaro
- Nutramed Scarl, Roccelletta di Borgia, Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Roberta Macrì
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), University 'Magna Graecia' of Catanzaro
- Nutramed Scarl, Roccelletta di Borgia, Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Caterina Zito
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), University 'Magna Graecia' of Catanzaro
- Nutramed Scarl, Roccelletta di Borgia, Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca Oppedisano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), University 'Magna Graecia' of Catanzaro
- Nutramed Scarl, Roccelletta di Borgia, Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Lorenza Guarnieri
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), University 'Magna Graecia' of Catanzaro
- Nutramed Scarl, Roccelletta di Borgia, Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rocco Mollace
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), University 'Magna Graecia' of Catanzaro
- Nutramed Scarl, Roccelletta di Borgia, Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ernesto Palma
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), University 'Magna Graecia' of Catanzaro
- Nutramed Scarl, Roccelletta di Borgia, Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Carolina Muscoli
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), University 'Magna Graecia' of Catanzaro
- Nutramed Scarl, Roccelletta di Borgia, Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH), University 'Magna Graecia' of Catanzaro
- Nutramed Scarl, Roccelletta di Borgia, Borgia, Catanzaro, Italy
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Wang Z, Zeng M, Wang Z, Qin F, Chen J, He Z. Dietary Polyphenols to Combat Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease via the Gut-Brain-Liver Axis: A Review of Possible Mechanisms. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:3585-3600. [PMID: 33729777 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c00751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenols are a group of micronutrients widely existing in plant foods including fruits, vegetables, and teas that can improve nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this review, the existing knowledge of dietary polyphenols for the development of NAFLD regulated by intestinal microecology is discussed. Polyphenols can influence the vagal afferent pathway in the central and enteric nervous system to control NAFLD via gut-brain-liver cross-talk. The possible mechanisms involve in the alteration of microbial community structure, effects of gut metabolites (short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), bile acids (BAs), endogenous ethanol (EnEth)), and stimulation of gut-derived hormones (ghrelin, cholecystokinin (CCK), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), and leptin) based on the targets excavated from the gut-brain-liver axis. Consequently, the communication among the intestine, brain, and liver paves the way for new approaches to understand the underlying roles and mechanisms of dietary polyphenols in NAFLD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Maomao Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Zhaojun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Fang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Zhiyong He
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
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Potential of Nutraceutical Supplementation in the Modulation of White and Brown Fat Tissues in Obesity-Associated Disorders: Role of Inflammatory Signalling. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073351. [PMID: 33805912 PMCID: PMC8037903 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The high incidence of obesity is associated with an increasing risk of several chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Sustained obesity is characterized by a chronic and unsolved inflammation of adipose tissue, which leads to a greater expression of proinflammatory adipokines, excessive lipid storage and adipogenesis. The purpose of this review is to clarify how inflammatory mediators act during adipose tissue dysfunction in the development of insulin resistance and all obesity-associated diseases. In particular, we focused our attention on the role of inflammatory signaling in brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenic activity and the browning of white adipose tissue (WAT), which represent a relevant component of adipose alterations during obesity. Furthermore, we reported the most recent evidence in the literature on nutraceutical supplementation in the management of the adipose inflammatory state, and in particular on their potential effect on common inflammatory mediators and pathways, responsible for WAT and BAT dysfunction. Although further research is needed to demonstrate that targeting pro-inflammatory mediators improves adipose tissue dysfunction and activates thermogenesis in BAT and WAT browning during obesity, polyphenols supplementation could represent an innovative therapeutic strategy to prevent progression of obesity and obesity-related metabolic diseases.
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Abou Assi R, Abdulbaqi IM, Siok Yee C. The Evaluation of Drug Delivery Nanocarrier Development and Pharmacological Briefing for Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD): An Update. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:215. [PMID: 33806527 PMCID: PMC8001129 DOI: 10.3390/ph14030215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Current research indicates that the next silent epidemic will be linked to chronic liver diseases, specifically non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which was renamed as metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) in 2020. Globally, MAFLD mortality is on the rise. The etiology of MAFLD is multifactorial and still incompletely understood, but includes the accumulation of intrahepatic lipids, alterations in energy metabolism, insulin resistance, and inflammatory processes. The available MAFLD treatment, therefore, relies on improving the patient's lifestyle and multidisciplinary pharmacotherapeutic options, whereas the option of surgery is useless without managing the comorbidities of the MAFLD. Nanotechnology is an emerging approach addressing MAFLD, where nanoformulations are suggested to improve the safety and physicochemical properties of conventional drugs/herbal medicines, physical, chemical, and physiological stability, and liver-targeting properties. A wide variety of liver nanosystems were constructed and delivered to the liver, only those that addressed the MAFLD were discussed in this review in terms of the nanocarrier classes, particle size, shape, zeta potential and offered dissolution rate(s), the suitable preparation method(s), excipients (with synergistic effects), and the suitable drug/compound for loading. The advantages and challenges of each nanocarrier and the focus on potential promising perspectives in the production of MAFLD nanomedicine were also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Abou Assi
- Thoughts Formulation Laboratory, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia;
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Al-Kitab University, Altun-Kupri, Kirkuk 36001, Iraq;
| | - Ibrahim M. Abdulbaqi
- Discipline of Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Al-Kitab University, Altun-Kupri, Kirkuk 36001, Iraq;
- Pharmaceutical Design and Simulation (PhDS) Lab, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Chan Siok Yee
- Thoughts Formulation Laboratory, Discipline of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Penang, Malaysia;
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Delli Bovi AP, Marciano F, Mandato C, Siano MA, Savoia M, Vajro P. Oxidative Stress in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. An Updated Mini Review. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:595371. [PMID: 33718398 PMCID: PMC7952971 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.595371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a challenging disease caused by multiple factors, which may partly explain why it remains still orphan of an adequate therapeutic strategy. Herein we focus on the interplay between oxidative stress (OS) and the other causal pathogenetic factors. Different reactive oxygen species (ROS) generators contribute to NAFLD inflammatory and fibrotic progression, which is quite strictly linked to the lipotoxic liver injury from fatty acids and/or a wide variety of their biologically active metabolites in the context of either a two-hit or a (more recent) multiple parallel hits theory. An antioxidant defense system is usually able to protect hepatic cells from damaging effects caused by ROS, including those produced into the gastrointestinal tract, i.e., by-products generated by usual cellular metabolic processes, normal or dysbiotic microbiota, and/or diet through an enhanced gut–liver axis. Oxidative stress originating from the imbalance between ROS generation and antioxidant defenses is under the influence of individual genetic and epigenetic factors as well. Healthy diet and physical activity have been shown to be effective on NAFLD also with antioxidant mechanisms, but compliance to these lifestyles is very low. Among several considered antioxidants, vitamin E has been particularly studied; however, data are still contradictory. Some studies with natural polyphenols proposed for NAFLD prevention and treatment are encouraging. Probiotics, prebiotics, diet, or fecal microbiota transplantation represent new therapeutic approaches targeting the gut microbiota dysbiosis. In the near future, precision medicine taking into consideration genetic or environmental epigenetic risk factors will likely assist in further selecting the treatment that could work best for a specific patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pia Delli Bovi
- Pediatrics Section, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Scuola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Francesca Marciano
- Pediatrics Section, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Scuola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudia Mandato
- Department of Pediatrics, Santobono-Pausilipon Children's Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Anna Siano
- Pediatrics Section, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Scuola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
| | - Marcella Savoia
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Vajro
- Pediatrics Section, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Scuola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
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Analytical Profile and Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of the Enriched Polyphenol Fractions Isolated from Bergamot Fruit and Leave. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020141. [PMID: 33498213 PMCID: PMC7908980 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study is to compare the qualitative and semi-quantitative profile of the polyphenol fraction purified from the leaf (BLPF) and fruit (BFPF) of bergamot (Citrus bergamia), and to evaluate their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. The analytical qualitative profile was carried out by LC-ESI/MS using three different approaches: targeted (searching analytes already reported in bergamot extract), semi-targeted (a selective search of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarate [HMG] derivatives involved in the cholesterol reducing activity of BPF) and untargeted. A total number of 108 compounds were identified by using the three approaches, 100 of which are present in both the extracts thus demonstrating a good qualitative overlapping of polyphenols between the two extracts. The antioxidant activity was higher for BLPF in respect to BFPF but when normalized in respect to the polyphenol content they were almost overlapping. Both the extracts were found to dose dependently inhibit cell inflammation stimulated with IL-1α. In conclusion, the comparison of the qualitative and quantitative profile of polyphenols as well as of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of bergamot leaf and fruit well indicates that leaf is a valid source of bergamot polyphenol extraction and an even richer source of polyphenol in respect to the fruit.
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Carresi C, Scicchitano M, Scarano F, Macrì R, Bosco F, Nucera S, Ruga S, Zito MC, Mollace R, Guarnieri L, Coppoletta AR, Gliozzi M, Musolino V, Maiuolo J, Palma E, Mollace V. The Potential Properties of Natural Compounds in Cardiac Stem Cell Activation: Their Role in Myocardial Regeneration. Nutrients 2021; 13:275. [PMID: 33477916 PMCID: PMC7833367 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), which include congenital heart disease, rhythm disorders, subclinical atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, and many other cardiac disorders, cause about 30% of deaths globally; representing one of the main health problems worldwide. Among CVDs, ischemic heart diseases (IHDs) are one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in the world. The onset of IHDs is essentially due to an unbalance between the metabolic demands of the myocardium and its supply of oxygen and nutrients, coupled with a low regenerative capacity of the heart, which leads to great cardiomyocyte (CM) loss; promoting heart failure (HF) and myocardial infarction (MI). To date, the first strategy recommended to avoid IHDs is prevention in order to reduce the underlying risk factors. In the management of IHDs, traditional therapeutic options are widely used to improve symptoms, attenuate adverse cardiac remodeling, and reduce early mortality rate. However, there are no available treatments that aim to improve cardiac performance by replacing the irreversible damaged cardiomyocytes (CMs). Currently, heart transplantation is the only treatment being carried out for irreversibly damaged CMs. Hence, the discovery of new therapeutic options seems to be necessary. Interestingly, recent experimental evidence suggests that regenerative stem cell medicine could be a useful therapeutic approach to counteract cardiac damage and promote tissue regeneration. To this end, researchers are tasked with answering one main question: how can myocardial regeneration be stimulated? In this regard, natural compounds from plant extracts seem to play a particularly promising role. The present review will summarize the recent advances in our knowledge of stem cell therapy in the management of CVDs; focusing on the main properties and potential mechanisms of natural compounds in stimulating and activating stem cells for myocardial regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Carresi
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (R.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Miriam Scicchitano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (R.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Federica Scarano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (R.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Roberta Macrì
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (R.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Francesca Bosco
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (R.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Saverio Nucera
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (R.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Stefano Ruga
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (R.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Maria Caterina Zito
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (R.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Rocco Mollace
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (R.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Lorenza Guarnieri
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (R.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Anna Rita Coppoletta
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (R.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Micaela Gliozzi
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (R.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Vincenzo Musolino
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (R.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Jessica Maiuolo
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (R.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
| | - Ernesto Palma
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (R.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l., Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health IRC-FSH, University Magna Graecia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (F.S.); (R.M.); (F.B.); (S.N.); (S.R.); (M.C.Z.); (R.M.); (L.G.); (A.R.C.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (J.M.); (E.P.); (V.M.)
- Nutramed S.c.a.r.l., Complesso Ninì Barbieri, Roccelletta di Borgia, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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Mollace V, Rosano GMC, Anker SD, Coats AJS, Seferovic P, Mollace R, Tavernese A, Gliozzi M, Musolino V, Carresi C, Maiuolo J, Macrì R, Bosco F, Chiocchi M, Romeo F, Metra M, Volterrani M. Pathophysiological Basis for Nutraceutical Supplementation in Heart Failure: A Comprehensive Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13010257. [PMID: 33477388 PMCID: PMC7829856 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is evidence demonstrating that heart failure (HF) occurs in 1–2% of the global population and is often accompanied by comorbidities which contribute to increasing the prevalence of the disease, the rate of hospitalization and the mortality. Although recent advances in both pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches have led to a significant improvement in clinical outcomes in patients affected by HF, residual unmet needs remain, mostly related to the occurrence of poorly defined strategies in the early stages of myocardial dysfunction. Nutritional support in patients developing HF and nutraceutical supplementation have recently been shown to possibly contribute to protection of the failing myocardium, although their place in the treatment of HF requires further assessment, in order to find better therapeutic solutions. In this context, the Optimal Nutraceutical Supplementation in Heart Failure (ONUS-HF) working group aimed to assess the optimal nutraceutical approach to HF in the early phases of the disease, in order to counteract selected pathways that are imbalanced in the failing myocardium. In particular, we reviewed several of the most relevant pathophysiological and molecular changes occurring during the early stages of myocardial dysfunction. These include mitochondrial and sarcoplasmic reticulum stress, insufficient nitric oxide (NO) release, impaired cardiac stem cell mobilization and an imbalanced regulation of metalloproteinases. Moreover, we reviewed the potential of the nutraceutical supplementation of several natural products, such as coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), a grape seed extract, Olea Europea L.-related antioxidants, a sodium–glucose cotransporter (SGLT2) inhibitor-rich apple extract and a bergamot polyphenolic fraction, in addition to their support in cardiomyocyte protection, in HF. Such an approach should contribute to optimising the use of nutraceuticals in HF, and the effect needs to be confirmed by means of more targeted clinical trials exploring the efficacy and safety of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Mollace
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (A.T.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (R.M.); (F.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Giuseppe M. C. Rosano
- Cardiology Clinical Academic Group, St George’s Hospitals NHS Trust University of London, London SW17 0QT, UK;
- Department of Cardiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, 00166 Rome, Italy; (A.J.S.C.); (M.V.)
| | - Stefan D. Anker
- Department of Cardiology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Andrew J. S. Coats
- Department of Cardiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, 00166 Rome, Italy; (A.J.S.C.); (M.V.)
| | - Petar Seferovic
- Faculty of Medicine, Belgrade University, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Rocco Mollace
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (A.T.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (R.M.); (F.B.)
- Department of Experimental and Applied Medicine, Institute of Cardiology, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Annamaria Tavernese
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (A.T.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (R.M.); (F.B.)
- Department of Experimental and Applied Medicine, Institute of Cardiology, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Micaela Gliozzi
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (A.T.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (R.M.); (F.B.)
| | - Vincenzo Musolino
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (A.T.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (R.M.); (F.B.)
| | - Cristina Carresi
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (A.T.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (R.M.); (F.B.)
| | - Jessica Maiuolo
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (A.T.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (R.M.); (F.B.)
| | - Roberta Macrì
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (A.T.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (R.M.); (F.B.)
| | - Francesca Bosco
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health, University “Magna Graecia” of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (R.M.); (A.T.); (M.G.); (V.M.); (C.C.); (J.M.); (R.M.); (F.B.)
| | - Marcello Chiocchi
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Policlinico Tor Vergata, 00199 Rome, Italy;
| | - Francesco Romeo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome “Tor Vergata”, 00199 Rome, Italy;
| | - Marco Metra
- Department of Experimental and Applied Medicine, Institute of Cardiology, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Maurizio Volterrani
- Department of Cardiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, 00166 Rome, Italy; (A.J.S.C.); (M.V.)
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The muscle to bone axis (and viceversa): An encrypted language affecting tissues and organs and yet to be codified? Pharmacol Res 2021; 165:105427. [PMID: 33453372 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscles and bone tissue form the musculoskeletal apparatus, a complex system essential for the voluntary movement. The loss of muscle mass and muscle strength is often associated with a loss of bone mass, in a "hazardous duet" which implies the co-existence of sarcopenia-osteoporosis and exposes patients to a deterioration in quality of life and increased mortality. From the mechanostat theory to the recent definition of the osteosarcopenia syndrome, many aspects of muscle-bone interaction have been investigated in recent decades. The mechanical interaction is now accepted, considering the close anatomical relationship between the two tissues, however, much remains to be discovered regarding the biochemical muscle-bone interaction. Skeletal muscle has been defined as an endocrine organ capable of exerting an action on other tissues. Myokines, bioactive polypeptides released by the muscle, could represent the encrypted message in the communication between muscle and bone. These two tissues have a reciprocal influence on their metabolisms and respond in a similar way to the multiple external factors. The aim of this review is to stimulate the understanding of the encrypted language between muscle and bone, highlighting the role of catabolic pathways and oxidative stress in the musculoskeletal apparatus to elucidate the shared mechanisms and the similarity of response to the same stimuli by different tissues. Our understanding of muscle-bone interactions it could be useful to identify and develop new strategies to treat musculoskeletal diseases, together with pharmacological, nutritional and exercise-based approaches, which are already in use for the treatment of these pathologies.
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Arruda HS, Neri-Numa IA, Kido LA, Maróstica Júnior MR, Pastore GM. Recent advances and possibilities for the use of plant phenolic compounds to manage ageing-related diseases. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Hur HJ, Jeong YH, Lee SH, Sung MJ. Quercitrin Ameliorates Hyperlipidemia and Hepatic Steatosis in Ovariectomized Mice. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:life10100243. [PMID: 33076582 PMCID: PMC7602720 DOI: 10.3390/life10100243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with progressive metabolic diseases. Estrogen deficiency increases the NAFLD risk among postmenopausal women. Thus, effective agents to prevent and treat NAFLD in postmenopausal women are required. Quercitrin (Quer) is a natural glycosylated flavonoid with antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and hypolipidemic effects. This study investigated whether Quer improves dysregulated lipid metabolism and suppresses hepatic steatosis in ovariectomized (OVX) mice as an experimental model mimicking postmenopausal women. Mice were assigned to the following four groups: SHAM, OVX, OVX + β-estradiol (0.4 mg/kg diet), and OVX + Quer (500 mg/kg diet). Mice were administered a diet with or without Quer for three months. OVX mice displayed significantly higher body mass, epidermal fat, and liver weights than those of SHAM mice. However, these levels were reduced in Quer-treated mice. Quer treatment reduced the levels of serum lipid metabolites, including triglycerides, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Furthermore, Quer reduced liver lipid steatosis and inhibited the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-6, and IL-1β. The results of the present study indicate that Quer improves dysregulated lipid metabolism and reduces hepatic steatosis and inflammation by compensating for estrogen deficiency, suggesting that Quer may potentially exert protective effects during hepatic steatosis in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mi Jeong Sung
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-63-219-9316; Fax: +82-63-219-9876
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Ibrahim A, Shafie NH, Mohd Esa N, Shafie SR, Bahari H, Abdullah MA. Mikania micrantha Extract Inhibits HMG-CoA Reductase and ACAT2 and Ameliorates Hypercholesterolemia and Lipid Peroxidation in High Cholesterol-Fed Rats. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12103077. [PMID: 33050310 PMCID: PMC7599693 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine the effect of an ethyl acetate extract of Mikania micrantha stems (EAMMS) in hypercholesterolemia-induced rats. Rats were divided into a normal group (NC) and hypercholesterolemia induced groups: hypercholesterolemia control group (PC), simvastatin group (SV) (10 mg/kg) and EAMMS extract groups at different dosages of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg, respectively. Blood serum and tissues were collected for haematological, biochemical, histopathological, and enzyme analysis. Total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), urea, creatinine, malondialdehyde (MDA) level, as well as enzymes of HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR) and acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 2 (ACAT2), were measured. Feeding rats with high cholesterol diet for eight weeks resulted in a significantly (p < 0.05) increased of TC, TG, LDL-C, AST, ALT and MDA levels. Meanwhile, the administration of EAMMS extract (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) and simvastatin (10 mg/kg) significantly reduced (p < 0.05) the levels of TC, TG, LDL-C and MDA compared to rats in the PC group. Furthermore, all EAMMS and SV-treated groups showed a higher HDL-C level compared to both NC and PC groups. No significant difference was found in the level of ALT, AST, urea and creatinine between the different dosages in EAMMS extracts. Treatment with EAMMS also exhibited the highest inhibition activity of enzyme HMGCR and ACAT2 as compared to the control group. From the histopathological examination, liver tissues in the PC group showed severe steatosis than those fed with EAMMS and normal diet. Treatment with EAMMS extract ameliorated and reduced the pathological changes in the liver. No morphological changes showed in the kidney structure of both control and treated groups. In conclusion, these findings demonstrated that EAMMS extract has anti-hypercholesterolemia properties and could be used as an alternative treatment for this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azlinda Ibrahim
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.I.); (N.M.E.); (S.R.S.)
| | - Nurul Husna Shafie
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.I.); (N.M.E.); (S.R.S.)
- Laboratory of UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-39769-2470
| | - Norhaizan Mohd Esa
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.I.); (N.M.E.); (S.R.S.)
| | - Siti Raihanah Shafie
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (A.I.); (N.M.E.); (S.R.S.)
| | - Hasnah Bahari
- Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Maizaton Atmadini Abdullah
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
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50
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Gliozzi M, Musolino V, Bosco F, Scicchitano M, Scarano F, Nucera S, Zito MC, Ruga S, Carresi C, Macrì R, Guarnieri L, Maiuolo J, Tavernese A, Coppoletta AR, Nicita C, Mollace R, Palma E, Muscoli C, Belzung C, Mollace V. Cholesterol homeostasis: Researching a dialogue between the brain and peripheral tissues. Pharmacol Res 2020; 163:105215. [PMID: 33007421 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol homeostasis is a highly regulated process in human body because of its several functions underlying the biology of cell membranes, the synthesis of all steroid hormones and bile acids and the need of trafficking lipids destined to cell metabolism. In particular, it has been recognized that peripheral and central nervous system cholesterol metabolism are separated by the blood brain barrier and are regulated independently; indeed, peripherally, it depends on the balance between dietary intake and hepatic synthesis on one hand and its degradation on the other, whereas in central nervous system it is synthetized de novo to ensure brain physiology. In view of this complex metabolism and its relevant functions in mammalian, impaired levels of cholesterol can induce severe cellular dysfunction leading to metabolic, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of this review is to clarify the role of cholesterol homeostasis in health and disease highlighting new intriguing aspects of the cross talk between its central and peripheral metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela Gliozzi
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Musolino
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Francesca Bosco
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Miriam Scicchitano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Federica Scarano
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Saverio Nucera
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Maria Caterina Zito
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Stefano Ruga
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Cristina Carresi
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Roberta Macrì
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Lorenza Guarnieri
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Jessica Maiuolo
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Annamaria Tavernese
- Division of Cardiology, University Hospital Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
| | - Anna Rita Coppoletta
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Caterina Nicita
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Rocco Mollace
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Ernesto Palma
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Carolina Muscoli
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy; IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via di Valcannuta, Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Institute of Research for Food Safety & Health (IRC-FSH) - Department of Health Sciences, University "Magna Graecia" of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy; IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via di Valcannuta, Rome, Italy.
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